# embeddings_queue

created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.225. Recognition of adoption carried out in a foreign country\n\nAdoption carried out in a foreign country shall be recognised in accordance with the procedure and under the conditions laid down in international treaties and agreements and the provisions of Book One of this Code.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.226. Adoption of children who are nationals of a foreign country\n\n\n1. Children who are nationals of a foreign country residing in the Republic of Lithuania shall be adopted in accordance with the procedure laid down in this Chapter unless an international treaty or agreement between the respective foreign state and the Republic of Lithuania provides for a different procedure for their adoption.\n\n\n2. Applications of foreign nationals for adoption shall be examined by Vilnius Regional Court.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER XIV\n\nLEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF ADOPTION\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.227. Consequences of adoption\n\n\n1. Adoption shall invalidate the mutual personal and property rights and duties of the natural parents and children and their relatives by blood while creating mutual personal and property rights and duties for the adoptive parents, their relatives and adopted children and their descendants as relatives by blood.\n\n\n2. The adoptive parents shall be treated as the child\u2019s parents under the law from the day on which the court judgment on the adoption became final, with the exception provided for in paragraph 4 of Article 3.222 of this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.228. Name and surname of the adopted child\n\n\n1. The adopted child shall be given the surname of the adoptive parents by a court judgment; the child\u2019s name may be changed with the consent of the child capable of expressing his or her views.\n\n\n2. At the request of the adoptive parents and the adopted child capable of expressing his or her views, the child may be allowed to retain the surname of his or her natural parents.\n\n\n3. When there is a dispute between the adoptive parents or between the adoptive parents and the adopted child over the change of the child\u2019s surname or name, the dispute shall be resolved by the court, taking account of the child\u2019s interests.\n\n \n\n\nPART VI\n\nRIGHTS AND DUTIES OF OTHER MEMBERS OF THE FAMILY\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER XV\n\nLIVING TOGETHER OF PERSONS NOT LEGALLY MARRIED (COHABITATION)\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.229. Scope of application\n\nThe provisions of this Chapter shall determine the relations in property of a man and a woman who, after registering their partnership in accordance with the procedure laid down by the law, have been cohabiting at least for a year with the aim of creating a family relationship without having registered their union as a marriage (cohabitees)."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.230. Assets subject to the legal regime set in this Chapter\n\n\n1. The provisions of this Chapter shall determine the legal regime of the assets referred to in this Article provided the assets have been acquired and used jointly by the cohabitees.\n\n\n2. The community property of cohabitees shall include:\n\n\n1) a dwelling house or an apartment acquired jointly by cohabitees for cohabitation;\n\n\n2) the rental, usufruct or any other right of one of the cohabitees to use the dwelling house or apartment which the cohabitees use for cohabitation;\n\n\n3) jointly acquired immovable property related to the dwelling house or apartment used for cohabitation provided the immovable property is used by the cohabitees jointly;\n\n\n4) furniture and other household utensils acquired and used jointly by the cohabitees, except for the chattels which the cohabitees use separately.\n\n\n3. The provisions of this Chapter shall not apply to assets which the cohabitees use for recreation (garden, summer cottage, etc.)."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.231. Legal regime of assets jointly used by cohabitees\n\n\n1. Where the immovables or the rights to the immovables referred to in Article 3.230 of this Code are registered in the name of one of the cohabitees, both cohabitees may require, by submitting a joint application to the respective public register, the addition of a record to the effect that the cohabitees use these immovables or the rights to these immovable jointly. The signatures of the cohabitees adduced to such an application must be certified by a notary public.\n\n\n2. Cohabitees shall have the right to make an agreement by a notarial deed on how the assets acquired and used jointly should be divided after the end of their cohabitation. Provisions of Articles 3.101 to 3.108 of this Code shall apply to such agreements mutatis mutandis.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.232. Division of assets acquired and used jointly\n\nAt the request of one of the cohabitees, the court may divide all the assets, acquired and used jointly by the cohabitees, after the death of one of the cohabitees or at the end of their cohabitation provided the cohabitees had not made an agreement on the division of assets certified by a notary public."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.233. Limitations of the right to dispose of the assets used jointly\n\n\n1. A cohabitee shall have no right, without the written consent of the other cohabitee, to sell, donate or alienate in any other way, lease or charge the assets acquired and used jointly or to encumber the rights to such assets in any other way.\n\n\n2. Paragraph 1 of this Article shall not apply if a cohabitee is incapable of giving such a consent due to legal incapacity or it is impossible to obtain the consent of the other cohabitee due to other important reasons. In such a case, the permission to conclude a transaction may be granted by the court at the request of the other cohabitee.\n\n\n3. Transactions concluded in violation of the rules set out in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article may be declared null and void in an action brought by the cohabitee who has not given his or her consent to the transaction, except in cases where a third party recipient of the assets alienated, charged or leased was in good faith. The time limit for bringing an action for the avoidance of such a transaction shall be one year from the date on which the cohabitee became aware or ought to have become aware of the transaction."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.234. Procedure for the division of assets used jointly\n\n\n1. For the purpose of dividing the assets acquired and used jointly by cohabitees in cases referred to in Article 3.232 of this Code, the court shall first determine the assets acquired and used jointly by the cohabitees and the separate assets of each cohabitee. When determining the assets acquired and used jointly by the cohabitees, debts contracted jointly by the cohabitees and outstanding at the end of their cohabitation shall be deducted.\n\n\n2. The assets acquired and used jointly remaining after the deduction of the joint outstanding debts of the cohabitees shall be divided into two equal shares, except in cases provided for in this Article.\n\n\n3. The court shall have the right to depart from the principle of equal shares if it is just and reasonable to award one of the cohabitees a bigger share of the assets taking account of the interests of their minor children, the duration of their cohabitation, their age, health, financial situation, personal contribution to the accumulation of joint assets and other important circumstances."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4. A dwelling house or an apartment may be awarded to the cohabitee who is in greater need of it taking into consideration his or her age, health, financial situation, the interests of his or her minor children and other important circumstances. In this case, this cohabitee\u2019s share in the other assets shall be reduced. Where the value of the dwelling house or the apartment exceeds the value of the cohabitee\u2019s share in the assets, he or she must compensate in money to the other cohabitee for the difference in the value.\n\n\n5. The dwelling house or the apartment which was owned by one of the cohabitees before their cohabitation began may be left to the other cohabitee by the right of usufruct if he or she has minor children born to the cohabitation or,  due to health, age or other important reasons, does not have his or her own dwelling place.\n\n\n6. Assets other than those referred to in Article 3.230 of this Code, acquired and maintained by using the funds of both cohabitees, shall be divided in accordance with the rules of partial community property."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: a1db973d-4a48-4ec1-bdc8-144bded28f6d
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.235. Right to use a dwelling place\n\n\n1. Having regard to the duration of cohabitation, the interests of the minor children of the cohabitees, the age, health, financial situation of the cohabitees and other important circumstances, the court shall have the right to award the use of the rented dwelling place to the cohabitee who is in greater need of the dwelling place.\n\n\n2. Having regard to the circumstances of the case, the court may obligate the cohabitee who has been awarded the right to use the rented dwelling place to pay monetary compensation to the other cohabitee for the expenses related to the search for and relocation to another dwelling place.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER XVI\n\nDUTIES OF OTHER FAMILY MEMBERS RELATED TO MUTUAL MAINTENANCE\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.236. Duty of an adult sibling to maintain his or her minor sibling\n\n\n1. Circumstances permitting, an adult sibling shall be obliged to maintain his or her minor sibling who is in need of support and is deprived of parents or of their maintenance.\n\n\n2. Provisions of Section Two of Chapter XII of this Book shall apply mutatis mutandis to the procedure of maintenance."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 2aa6c446-365f-4342-b21f-cf04cd714856
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.237. Mutual maintenance of grandchildren and grandparents\n\n\n1. Circumstances permitting, adult grandchildren shall be obliged to maintain their grandparents lacking capacity for work and in need of support.\n\n\n2. Circumstances permitting, grandparents shall be obliged to maintain their minor grandchildren in need of support and deprived of parents or of their maintenance.\n\n\n3. Provisions of Section Two of Chapter XII of this Book shall apply mutatis mutandis to the procedure of maintenance.\n\n \n\n\nPART VII\n\nGUARDIANSHIP AND CURATORSHIP\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER XVII\n\nGENERAL PROVISIONS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.238. Guardianship\n\n\n1. Guardianship shall be established with the aim of exercising, protecting and defending the rights and interests of a natural person legally incapable in a certain area.\n\n \n\n\n2. Guardianship of a person shall subsume guardianship of the person\u2019s property, but, if necessary, an administrator may be designated to manage the person\u2019s property.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.239. Curatorship\n\n\n1. Curatorship shall be established with the aim of protecting and defending the rights and interests of a natural person with limited legal capacity in a certain area.\n\n\n2. Curatorship of a person shall subsume curatorship of the person\u2019s property, but, if necessary, an administrator may be designated to manage the person\u2019s property."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.240. Legal status of the guardian or curator\n\n\n1. The guardian and the curator shall be the legal representatives of persons under their guardianship/curatorship and shall defend the rights and interests of persons legally incapable in a certain area or persons with limited legal capacity in a certain area without any special authorisation.\n\n\n2. The guardian shall be entitled to enter into, in the interests and on behalf of the represented person legally incapable in a certain area, all necessary transactions in that area.\n\n\n3. The curator shall give consent for the person with limited legal capacity in a certain area to enter into a transaction the person would not be permitted to enter into independently and shall also help the person with limited legal capacity in a certain area to exercise his or her other rights and fulfil the duties as well as protect his or her rights and legitimate interests against abuse from third parties in that area."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.241. Institutions of guardianship and curatorship\n\n\n1. Institutions of guardianship and curatorship shall mean municipal institutions concerned with the supervision and control of the actions of guardians, curators and persons providing assistance in making decisions.\n\n\n2. The functions of guardianship and curatorship in respect of inmates of medical, educational or guardianship/curatorship institutions who have been declared legally incapable in a certain area or of limited legal capacity in a certain area by the court shall be performed by the respective medical, educational or guardianship/curatorship institution until a permanent guardian or curator is appointed.\n\n\n3. Institutions for the guardianship and curatorship of minors shall include the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights and other institutions provided for in this Book."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.242. Designation of a guardian or a curator\n\n\n1. Having declared a person legally incapable in a certain area or of limited legal capacity in a certain area, the court must forthwith designate the person\u2019s guardian or curator in that area.\n\n\n2. The guardian or curator of a minor shall be designated in accordance with the procedure established by the rules of Chapter XVIII of this Book.\n\n\n3. Only a natural person legally capable in that area may be designated a guardian or a curator provided he or she gives a written consent to that effect. While designating a guardian or a curator, account must be taken of the person\u2019s moral and other qualities, his or her capability of performing the functions of a guardian or curator, his or her relations with the person placed under guardianship/curatorship, the guardian\u2019s or curator\u2019s preferences and the preferences of the person under guardianship/curatorship, as well as other relevant circumstances.\n\n\n4. The provisions of this Article shall not apply where the guardian or curator of a person legally incapable in a certain area or a person with limited legal capacity in a certain area is the medical, educational or guardianship/curatorship institution in which that person is placed."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.243. Performance of the duties of a guardian or a curator\n\n\n1. A guardian who is the parent or any other close relative of the person under guardianship shall perform his or her duties as a guardian without any remuneration. In other cases, the guardian shall be entitled to recover necessary expenses related to his or her duties as a guardian against the assets of the person legally incapable in a certain area. The amount to be recovered and the procedure for its recovery shall be established by the court on the application of the guardian.\n\n\n2. A curator who is the parent or any other close relative of the person with limited legal capacity in a certain area shall, in all cases, perform his or her duties as a curator without any remuneration. In other cases, the curator shall be entitled to recover necessary expenses related to his or her duties as a curator against the assets of the person with limited legal capacity in a certain area. The amount to be recovered and the procedure for its recovery shall be established by the court on the application of the curator.\n\n\n3. This Article shall not apply to cases where the functions of guardianship or curatorship are performed by a medical, educational or guardianship/curatorship institution.\n\n\n4. The guardians and curators of a minor must live together with the minor, except in cases provided for in point 4 of Article 3.265 of this Code. After the ward attains the age of sixteen, the curator may live separately provided the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights gives its consent."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "5. Guardians and curators must notify the institution of guardianship/curatorship of any change in their place of residence.\n\n\n6. Where the circumstances that led to the declaration of the person\u2019s legal incapacity in a certain area or limited legal capacity in a certain area disappear, the guardian or curator must apply to the court requesting the declaration of the person\u2019s legal capacity."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.244. Use of the assets and income of the person legally incapable in a certain area or the person with limited legal capacity in a certain area\n\n \n\n\n1. The guardian or the curator must use the assets and the income generated by the assets of the person legally incapable in a certain area or the person with limited legal capacity in a certain area exclusively in the interests of the person legally incapable in a certain area or the person with limited legal capacity in a certain area.\n\n\n2. Transactions exceeding one thousand and five hundred euros shall require a prior leave of the court.\n\n\n3. A prior leave of the court shall be required in all cases where the guardian intends to sell, donate or alienate in any other way the immovable property or property rights of the ward, to lease it, transfer for use without remuneration, charge or encumber in any other way the rights to the immovable property or property rights, or to enter into any other transaction which would result in a reduction of the ward\u2019s assets or the property rights of the ward would be assigned or encumbered. These rules shall apply also in cases where the curator intends to give his or her consent for the person with limited legal capacity in a certain area to enter into a similar transaction.\n\n\n4. A guardian, curator or their close relatives may not enter into a transaction with the ward, except in cases where assets are donated or transferred to the ward for use without remuneration, provided the transaction is consistent with the interests of the ward."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.245. Administration of the assets of the person legally incapable in a certain area or the person with limited legal capacity in a certain area\n\n \n\n\n1. In cases where a person legally incapable in a certain area or a person with limited legal capacity in a certain area has movable or immovable property requiring constant care (an enterprise, land, facility, etc.), the court shall issue an order for the appointment of an administrator of the property. The administrator may be the guardian/curator or any other person. The administrator of the property shall be subject to the rules laid down in this Code on the limitation of the actions of the guardian or the curator.\n\n\n2. The powers of the administrator shall end upon cancellation of the guardianship or curatorship, also upon the issue of the court order removing or replacing the administrator."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.246. Relief and removal from the duties of the guardian and curator \n\n\n1. The guardian or curator may be relieved of the duties if he or she is unable to perform these duties due to his or her illness or the illness of his or her close relatives, the deterioration of his or her financial situation or other important reasons.\n\n\n2. The guardian or curator who is negligent in his or her duties, fails to ensure the protection of the rights and interests of the ward, uses his or her rights for personal gain may be removed from the duties of the guardian or curator. Where the actions of the guardian or curator have caused damage to the person legally incapable in a certain area or the person with limited legal capacity in a certain area, the guardian or curator must compensate for the damage.\n\n\n3. The guardian or curator may be relieved of or removed from the duties by a court order, except in cases where the child has been placed under temporary guardianship or curatorship. In these cases, the guardian or curator may be relieved of or removed from the duties by decision of the director of a municipal administration upon the recommendation of the institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4. The guardian or curator as well as institutions of guardianship and curatorship shall have the right to apply to the court for relief from the duties of the guardian or curator. The person legally incapable in a certain area or the person with limited legal capacity in a certain area as well as institutions of guardianship and curatorship or a public prosecutor shall have the right to apply to the court for removal from the duties of the guardian or curator; in the case of removal from the duties of a child\u2019s guardian, the right to apply to the court shall have institutions of guardianship and curatorship or a public prosecutor; and in the case of removal from the duties of a child\u2019s curator,  the right to apply to the court shall have institutions of guardianship and curatorship or a public prosecutor, or the person under curatorship."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.247. End of guardianship and curatorship\n\n\n1. Guardianship and curatorship shall end when the court judgment declaring the person legally capable or lifting the limitation of his capacity becomes final.\n\n\n2. When a minor attains the age of fourteen, his or her guardianship shall come to an end, while the guardian of the minor becomes a curator without any additional judgement of the court.\n\n\n3. Curatorship shall come to an end when the minor attains the age of eighteen or when the minor acquires full legal capacity before the age of eighteen in other cases provided for by the law.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER XVIII\n\nGUARDIANSHIP AND CURATORSHIP OF MINORS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.248. Purpose and objectives of guardianship/curatorship of a child\n\n\n1. The purpose of guardianship/curatorship of a child shall be to ensure the child\u2019s upbringing and care in an environment which would facilitate the child\u2019s growing up, development and progress.\n\n\n2. The objectives of guardianship/curatorship of a child shall be as follows:\n\n\n1) to appoint a guardian/curator for the child whose duty it would be to care for, bring up and represent the child and protect the child\u2019s rights and legitimate interests;\n\n\n2) to provide the child with living conditions which would be adequate for his age, state of health and development level;\n\n\n3) to prepare the child for independent life in a family and in society."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.249. Principles of establishing guardianship/curatorship of a child\n\n\n1. The establishment of guardianship/curatorship of a child shall be governed by the following principles:\n\n\n1) priority of the best interests of the child;\n\n\n2) priority in becoming guardians/curators of the child must be accorded to the child\u2019s relatives and other persons with an emotional connection to the child, provided this is in the child\u2019s best interests;\n\n\n3) the guardianship/curatorship of the child in a family;\n\n\n4) non-separation of siblings, except when this is contrary to the child\u2019s interests;\n\n\n5) stability of the child\u2019s environment and place of guardianship/curatorship.\n\n\n2. When establishing or cancelling guardianship/curatorship of a child or appointing a guardian/curator to a child capable of expressing his or her views, the child shall be provided an opportunity to be heard and to influence the decision making."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.250. Determination of children in need of guardianship/curatorship\n\n\n1. Employees of educational, health care, social, police and other institutions as well as any person in possession of any knowledge of minors deprived of parental care or of the necessity to protect a minor\u2019s rights and interests (abuse of parental authority, violence against a child, illness, death, departure or disappearance of the parents, refusal of the parents to take back their children from educational or health care institutions, etc.) must notify immediately the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights of the child\u2019s district of residence or their own district of residence.\n\n\n2. Having received the information on possible violations of the child\u2019s rights, the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights shall assess the validity of such information and take the measures specified in the Law of the Republic of Lithuania on Fundamentals of Protection of the Rights of the Child."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. The state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights shall be responsible for the determination of children in need of guardianship/curatorship and keeping records of such children. Having determined a child in need of guardianship/curatorship on the grounds referred to in points 2 or 3 of Article 3.254 of this Code, this institution must, within three working days from the date of obtaining leave of the court to take the child away from his or her statutory representatives, while having determined a child in need of guardianship/curatorship on the grounds referred to in points 1, 4 or 5 of Article 3.254 of this Code, within three working days from the date of determining the child in need of guardianship/curatorship, submit to the municipal administration an instruction to place the child under temporary guardianship/curatorship and appoint a temporary guardian/curator.\n The state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights shall, within one working day from the date of the application for leave of the court to take the child away from his or her statutory representatives, inform the municipal administration about the application to the court.\n\n\n4. The state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights shall be a statutory representative of the child deprived of parental care until such time as a guardian or curator is appointed for the child."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 234d76db-6d95-47aa-9fbc-09c480743c79
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "5. The heads and other officials of the institutions referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article shall be held liable under law for any misrepresentations, concealment of a child in need of guardianship/curatorship, creating obstacles for the establishment of guardianship/curatorship or any other violations of the rights and interests of the child."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: eb3a2e0c-dfa0-4bec-8bca-8fdd5335d478
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.251. Establishment of guardianship and curatorship\n\n\n1. Guardianship shall be established for children under the age of fourteen.\n\n\n2. Curatorship shall be established for children over the age of fourteen.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.252. Types and forms of guardianship/curatorship of a child\n\n\n1. The types of guardianship/curatorship of a child shall be as follows:\n\n\n1) temporary guardianship/curatorship;\n\n\n2) permanent guardianship/curatorship.\n\n\n2. The forms of guardianship/curatorship of a child shall be as follows:\n\n\n1) family guardianship/curatorship;\n\n\n2) social family guardianship/curatorship;\n\n\n3) guardianship/curatorship in a guardianship organisation centre;\n\n\n4) institutional guardianship/curatorship.\n\n\n3. The procedure and conditions of guardianship/curatorship of children in a guardianship organisation centre shall be established by laws and other legal acts."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: b806e025-5f7d-448a-9cbb-86a61f7ec8b3
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.253. Temporary guardianship/curatorship of a child\n\n\n1. Temporary guardianship/curatorship of a child shall mean care for and upbringing of a child temporarily deprived of parental care, also representation and protection of the child\u2019s rights and legitimate interests in the family, social family, guardianship organisation centre or child guardianship/curatorship institution. The purpose of temporary guardianship/curatorship of the child shall be to return the child to the family.\n\n\n2. Temporary guardianship/curatorship of a child shall last for a maximum of 12 months. Having established that the parents (father or mother), who are provided with social services and other comprehensive assistance, are making efforts to change their conduct or there are other reasons allowing to reasonably assume that there is a real possibility of returning the child to the family, the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights may take a decision to extend temporary guardianship/curatorship, but not longer than for six months. The total duration of temporary guardianship/curatorship with an extension may not exceed eighteen months.\n\n\n3. The provision of paragraph 2 of this Article on the total duration of temporary guardianship/curatorship shall not apply where a child of minor parents has been placed under temporary guardianship/curatorship in the case referred to in paragraph 2 of Article 3.158 of this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: b9a77737-1428-4949-bfec-49474ecfd18f
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.254. Fundamentals of placing a child under temporary guardianship/curatorship\n\nA child shall be placed under temporary guardianship/curatorship if the child\u2019s:\n\n\n1) parents or single parent are missing and attempts are made to trace them (pending the court judgment declaring them missing or dead);\n\n\n2) parents or single parent are temporarily incapable of taking care of the child because of both parents\u2019 or one of the parents\u2019 illness, arrest, enforced sentence, or due to other compelling reasons;\n\n\n3) parents or single parent do not take care of the child, neglect him or her, do not bring him or her up properly, use violence or abuse their parental authority thereby endangering the child\u2019s physical, mental, spiritual or moral development and safety;\n\n\n4) parents\u2019 identity is not known (pending the establishment of paternity or consanguinity);\n\n\n5) parents or single parent are minors who are legally incapable or of limited legal capacity."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: d2c30427-b40c-4caf-bc8c-6a4a42a22a8f
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.2541.  Taking a child away from his or her statutory representatives\n\n\n1. Where the grounds set out in Article 3.254 of this Code are established, the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights may take a child away from his or her statutory representatives in accordance with the procedure laid down in the Law on Fundamentals of Protection of the Rights of the Child.\n\n\n2. Having taken a child away in the case referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article, the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights must, within three working days or, in exceptional cases where it is objectively not possible to do so, within five working days, apply to the court for leave to take the child away from his or her statutory representatives. An application for leave to take the child from his or her statutory representatives shall be examined in accordance with the procedure laid down in Chapter XXXIX of the Code of Civil Procedure.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.255. End of temporary guardianship/curatorship of a child\n\nTemporary guardianship/curatorship of a child shall end when the child:\n\n\n1) is returned to the parents;\n\n\n2) attains majority or emancipation;\n\n\n3) is placed under permanent guardianship/curatorship;\n\n\n4) is adopted;\n\n\n5) enters into a marriage."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 05815108-c0e8-407d-be9d-34dc6ffc662a
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.256. Permanent guardianship/curatorship of a child\n\nPermanent guardianship/curatorship shall be established for children deprived of parental care who, under the existing conditions, are unable to return into their family, and whose care, upbringing, representation and protection of rights and legitimate interests are entrusted to another family, social family, guardianship organisation centre or guardianship/curatorship institution.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.257. Fundamentals of placing a child under permanent guardianship/curatorship\n\nA child shall be placed under permanent guardianship/curatorship when:\n\n\n1) both parents or the single parent of the child are dead;\n\n\n2) both parents or the single parent of the child have been declared missing or dead by a court judgment;\n\n\n3) the child has been separated from the parents in accordance with the procedure established by law;\n\n\n4) the paternity or consanguinity has not been established within three months of the date on which the child was found;\n\n\n5) both parents or the single parent of the child are declared legally incapable in this area in accordance with the procedure established by law;\n\n\n6) the parental authority of both parents or the single parent of the child has been restricted.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.258. End of permanent guardianship/curatorship of a child\n\nPermanent guardianship/curatorship of a child shall end when the child:\n\n\n1) attains majority or emancipation;\n\n\n2) is returned to the parents;\n\n\n3) is adopted;\n\n\n4) enters into a marriage."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 9b51faac-e428-44aa-b9fd-9202533a4c4a
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.259. Guardianship/curatorship of a child in a family\n\n\n1. Guardianship/curatorship of a child in a family shall involve no more than three children placed under guardianship in the environment of a natural family (the total number of children in the family including the parents\u2019 natural children may not exceed six).\n\n\n2. The total number of children may exceed the number specified in paragraph 1 of this Article where that is due to keeping siblings together.\n\n\n3. When appointing a guardian of the child, priority shall be given to the child\u2019s relatives provided they have adequate living conditions and do not belong to the persons or the group of persons listed in Article 3.269 of this Code.\n\n\n4. Where a child is placed under guardianship/curatorship in a family, one person or spouses may be appointed as guardians/curators.\n\n\n5. Where the spouses have been appointed as guardians/curators of a child, they must seek to resolve any issues concerning the child under guardianship/curatorship by consensus."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 0e110e0b-9f98-4795-8083-339d9312dfa5
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.260.  Guardianship/curatorship of a child in a social family\n\n\n1. Guardianship/curatorship of a child in a social family shall be the form of guardianship where a legal person (social family) has under its guardianship or curatorship four or more children in a family environment (the total number of children in a social family including the parents\u2019 natural children may not exceed eight).\n\n\n2. The total number of children may exceed the number specified in paragraph 1 of this Article where that is due to keeping siblings together, or the total number of children may be less where one of the children under guardianship or curatorship is disabled.\n\n\n3. Guardianship/curatorship of a child in a social family shall be established by laws, the Social Family Regulations approved by the Government and other legal acts.\n\n\n4. The wages and other conditions of remuneration for work of a child\u2019s guardian/curator who has set up a social family shall be established in accordance with laws, Government resolutions and other legal acts."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 3ca483af-fd81-419b-ba03-a69664bd1873
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.261. Institutional guardianship/curatorship of a child\n\n\n1. A child deprived of parental care shall be placed under institutional guardianship only in exceptional cases, where there is no possibility of placing the child under guardianship/curatorship in a family, guardianship organisation centre or social family.\n\n\n2. A child under three years of age may be placed under institutional guardianship in accordance with the procedure established by law only in exceptional cases, with the approval of the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights. The state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights shall approve the institutional guardianship of a child under three years of age only in exceptional cases upon establishing at least one of the following reasons:\n\n\n1) the child requires specialised services of health care and/or nursing, which cannot be ensured by placing the child under guardianship in a family, guardianship organisation centre or social family;\n\n\n2) the separation of the child from his or her siblings would be against his or her best interests;\n\n\n3) the child is placed under guardianship due to urgent removal of the child from his or her statutory representatives and there is no possibility to place the child under guardianship in a family, guardianship organisation centre or social family;\n\n\n4) the separation of the child from his or her minor parents under institutional guardianship/curatorship would be against his or her best interests."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 5d0d5d28-b01f-4ab7-9ae7-69bd9b3b563c
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. A child under three years of age may be placed under institutional guardianship on the grounds specified in point 3 of paragraph 2 of this Article for no longer than three months. A child under three years of age may be placed under institutional guardianship on the grounds specified in point 4 of paragraph 2 of this Article for as long as the guardianship/curatorship of his or her minor parents is ongoing. When the circumstances referred to in points 1 and/or 2 of paragraph 2 of this Article disappear, the institutional guardianship of a child under three years of age may last for no longer than three months from the disappearance of these circumstances.\n\n\n4. Institutional guardianship/curatorship of a child shall be established by laws and other legal acts regulating guardianship/curatorship of a child."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: cc63f62a-9c68-440e-87b1-275dad4418dd
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.262. Placing a child under temporary guardianship/curatorship\n\nA child shall be placed under temporary guardianship/curatorship by a decision of the director of the municipal administration within three working days from the date of registration at the municipal administration of the instruction of the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights specified in paragraph 3 of Article 3.250 of this Code.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.263. Placing a child under permanent guardianship/curatorship\n\nA child shall be placed under permanent guardianship/curatorship by a court order on the application filed by the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights or a public prosecutor."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.264. Appointing a guardian/curator for a child\n\n\n1. Where a child is placed under temporary guardianship/curatorship, the child\u2019s guardian/curator shall be appointed by a decision of the director of the municipal administration. Where no specific person is designated in the instruction of the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights to place the child under temporary guardianship/curatorship and to appoint a temporary guardian/curator, the recommendation on the appointment of a guardian/curator shall be made to the director of the municipal administration by the guardianship organisation centre."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 5e125def-adae-4a4b-bf75-c01206243477
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. The decision of the director of the municipal administration on the appointment of the child\u2019s guardian/curator shall specify the name of the institution which has adopted the decision, the date of adoption of the decision, the type of guardianship/curatorship the child is placed under, the guardian/curator of the child, the standby guardian of the child when the child is placed under guardianship in a guardianship organisation centre, the child placed under guardianship/curatorship, the place of guardianship/curatorship, the institution responsible for the protection of assets owned by the child placed under guardianship/curatorship, other important circumstances which affect the guardianship/curatorship of the child and the establishment thereof. Where it is necessary to ensure the best interests of the child when he or she is placed under temporary guardianship/curatorship, the personal data of the natural person appointed as a guardian, curator or standby guardian shall not be disclosed at that person\u2019s written request and/or by a decision of a legal entity placing the child under temporary guardianship/curatorship to the parents (father or mother) of the child deprived of parental care. In such cases, the guardian/curator shall perform the duties specified in  Articles 3.271(1)(5) and 3.271(1)(6) of this Code through the mediation of the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 93266a58-518e-4127-8283-922ceb5ad486
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. Where a child is placed under permanent guardianship/curatorship, the guardian/curator of the child shall be appointed by a court order on the application of the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights.\n\n\n4. The guardianship/curatorship of the child shall be established taking into consideration the wish of the child\u2019s dead parents/adoptive parents expressed in their will regarding the appointment of the child\u2019s guardian/curator provided it is in conformity with Article 3.269 of this Code.\n\n\n5. When placing a child under guardianship/curatorship, priority shall be determined in the light of the child\u2019s interests in the following order:\n\n\n1) relatives;\n\n\n2) persons with an emotional connection to the child;\n\n\n3) families that have the child\u2019s sibling placed under their guardianship/curatorship or have adopted the child\u2019s sibling;\n\n\n4) families;\n\n\n5) a guardianship organisation centre;\n\n\n6) social families;\n\n\n7) guardianship institutions."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 79a8638d-0742-4dc5-866b-4556bf47d64d
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.265. Place of guardianship/curatorship of a child\n\nThe place of guardianship/curatorship of a child may be:\n\n\n1) the guardian\u2019s/curator\u2019s place of residence;\n\n\n2) the child\u2019s place of residence;\n\n\n3) an institution of child guardianship;\n\n\n4) the place of residence of a natural person who, in the cases specified by law, takes care of the child."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 5ba83a48-47c6-4ce2-bee1-a202b0245b0c
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.266. Organising guardianship/curatorship of a child\n\n\n1. Guardianship/curatorship of a child shall be organised by the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights and municipal administrations within the remit established by this Code and the laws.\n\n\n2. When organising guardianship/curatorship of a child, a municipal administration and the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights shall cooperate among themselves and with a guardianship organisation centre, as well as other institutions of the same municipality and non-governmental and other organisations involved in the protection of the child\u2019s rights.\n\n\n3. In accordance with the procedure laid down by the Government, municipal administrations shall cooperate among themselves, exchange information on children under institutional guardianship, who have been placed under guardianship/curatorship by the decision of the director of the municipal administration, inform each other of persons who have expressed their wish to become a guardian/curator of a child or children, and provide information about the children who are placed under guardianship/curatorship in their municipality as well as other municipalities to persons who have expressed their wish to become a guardian/curator.\n\n\n4. The procedure for organising guardianship/curatorship of a child pursuant to this Book shall be established by the Regulations for the Organisation of Child Guardianship approved by the Government."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: bb395cf2-a830-4946-9e4b-e1c24ab4e830
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.267. Supervision of guardianship/curatorship of a child\n\n\n1. The guardianship/curatorship of a child in a family, social family, guardianship organisation centre or child guardianship institution shall be supervised by the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights.\n\n\n2. In supervising guardianship/curatorship of a child, the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights shall cooperate with a municipal administration, guardianship organisation centre, other state and municipal institutions and agencies, and non-governmental organisations working in the area of protection of the child\u2019s rights."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.268. Procedure for selecting a guardian/curator for a child\n\n\n1. A child\u2019s guardian/curator shall be selected by taking into consideration his or her personal qualities, state of health, abilities to function as a guardian/curator, relations with the child deprived of parental care, and the interests of the child.\n\n\n2. The prospective guardian/curator of the child shall file the following documents with the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights:\n\n\n1) an application specifying the number of children he or she wishes to assume the guardianship and upbringing of, their age and the type of guardianship;\n\n\n2) a health certificate, in the form prescribed by the institution authorised by the Government, for himself or herself and persons over sixteen years of age living together with him or her;\n\n\n3) the written consent of persons over sixteen years of age living together with him or her.\n\n\n3. In order to protect the best interests of the child, the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights must assess whether the prospective guardian/curator of the child meets the requirements laid down in Article 3.269 of this Code, whether his or her spouse or cohabitee meets the requirements laid down in points 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 and 10 of Article 3.269 of this Code, and whether the other persons over sixteen years of age living together with him or her meet the requirements laid down in points 4, 5, 6, 8 and 9 of Article 3.269 of this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 4761f59f-5d46-4a83-b9f0-d1d31097badc
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.269. Persons who may be appointed guardian/curator of a child\n\nThe following persons may be appointed guardian/curator of a child:\n\n\n1) a person who is at least twenty-one years of age unless it is a close relative who wishes to assume the guardianship of the child;\n\n\n2) a person who has not been declared legally incapable in this area or of limited legal capacity in this area;\n\n\n3) a person from whom the child has not been separated;\n\n\n4) a person whose parental authority is not restricted or has not been restricted;\n\n\n5) a person whose authority as the child\u2019s guardian/curator has not been terminated on the grounds provided for in Article 3.246(2) of this Code;\n\n\n6) a person who has not been convicted of a premeditated crime against humanity, human life, liberty, freedom of sexual self-determination and sexual inviolability, child and family, public security, morals, a crime endangering human life and health, serious impairment to health, and a crime related to possession of narcotic or psychotropic, toxic or highly active substances, irrespective of whether the conviction has expired or has been expunged in accordance with the procedure laid down by the laws. The right of a person who has been convicted of other criminal acts or who has been subject to administrative penalties and/or administrative sanctions to be a guardian/curator of a child shall be determined by having assessed the nature and gravity of the committed criminal act(s) and administrative offence(s) and having taken account of the child\u2019s interests;"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "7) a person who is under sixty-five years of age, except for a close relative if he or she wishes to assume temporary guardianship of a child under ten years of age;\n\n\n8) a person with no mental and behavioural disorders or other diseases, the list whereof is approved by the Government or an institution authorised by it;\n\n\n9) a person where the contract for cooperation and provision of services concluded between him or her and a guardianship organisation centre has not been terminated due to improper execution;\n\n\n10) a person who is adequately prepared for the guardianship/curatorship of the child in accordance with the procedure laid down in the Regulations for the Organisation of Child Guardianship, as approved by the Government;\n\n\n11) a person whose spouse or cohabitee meets the requirements laid down in points 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 and 10 of this Article, and the other persons over sixteen years of age living together with him or her meet the requirements laid down in points 4, 5, 6, 8 and 9 of this Article. The state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights shall decide on the appointment as a child\u2019s guardian/curator of a person whose spouse or cohabitee, or other persons over sixteen years of age living together with him or her do not meet the requirement laid down in point 8 of this Article, having assessed the nature and seriousness of the disorder(s) of these persons and having taken account of the child\u2019s interests."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.270. Preparation for guardianship/curatorship of a child\n\nThe preparation of a child\u2019s guardian/curator for guardianship/curatorship shall be organised by municipal administrations, guardianship organisation centres and other organisations and agencies with relevant work experience."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.271. Duties of a child\u2019s guardian/curator\n\n\n1. A child\u2019s guardian/curator must:\n\n\n1) ensure the child\u2019s physical and mental safety;\n\n\n2) take care of the child\u2019s health and schooling;\n\n\n3) educate the child;\n\n\n4) decide issues relating to the child\u2019s interests in cooperation with a municipal administration, a guardianship organisation centre, the state institution for the protection of the child\u2019s rights, and other state and municipal institutions concerned;\n\n\n5) create no obstacles for the child\u2019s contact with his or her parents provided this is not detrimental to the child\u2019s interests;\n\n\n6) maintain contact with the child\u2019s parents, inform the child\u2019s parents and close relatives, if they so request, about the child\u2019s development, health, education and other important issues;\n\n\n7) organise the child\u2019s leisure activities, taking into account the child\u2019s age, health, development level and inclinations;\n\n\n8) prepare the child for independent life and work in the family, civic society and the State.\n\n\n2. In cases and in accordance with the procedure laid down by law, the child\u2019s guardian/curator may transfer the care of the child to another person."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.272. Rights of a child\u2019s guardian/curator\n\n\n1. A child\u2019s guardian/curator shall be the child\u2019s statutory representative and shall defend the child\u2019s rights and legitimate interests.\n\n\n2. A child\u2019s guardian/curator shall have the right to demand in court the return of the child from any person who keeps the child unlawfully.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.273. Liability of a child\u2019s guardian/curator\n\n\n1. A child\u2019s guardian/curator shall be held liable under law for the damage inflicted by the child.\n\n\n2. A child\u2019s guardian/curator shall be held liable under law for failure to fulfil his or her duties or their improper fulfilment.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.274. Maintenance of a child under guardianship/curatorship\n\nMaintenance of a child under guardianship/curatorship in a family, social family, guardianship organisation centre and child guardianship/curatorship institution shall be regulated by law.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.275. Disposal of the income of the child under guardianship/curatorship\n\nFunds intended for the maintenance of the child under guardianship/curatorship shall be disposed of by the child\u2019s guardian/curator exclusively in the interests of the child in accordance with the rules of Book Four of this Code governing the administration of assets."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.276. Relations between the child and the child\u2019s guardian/curator in property\n\n\n1. The child under guardianship/curatorship shall acquire no property rights to the assets of his or her guardian/curator.\n\n\n2. A child\u2019s guardian/curator shall acquire no property rights to the assets owned by the child under guardianship/curatorship.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.2761. Record keeping of child guardianship/curatorship\n\nChild guardianship/curatorship records shall be kept centrally in accordance with the procedure laid down by the Government or an institution authorised by it. The centralised record keeping of child guardianship/curatorship shall include data on children placed under guardianship/curatorship, guardians/curators, guardians/curators who have been removed from their duties as guardians/curators, persons with whom a contract for mutual cooperation and provision of services has been terminated due to improper execution, and persons ready for guardianship/curatorship of a child.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER XIX\n\nGUARDIANSHIP AND CURATORSHIP OF ADULT PERSONS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.277. Placing under guardianship or curatorship\n\n\n1. An adult person declared legally incapable in a certain area by the court shall be placed under guardianship by a court judgment.\n\n\n2. An adult person declared by the court to be of limited legal capacity in a certain area shall be placed under curatorship."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.278. Monitoring of activities of the guardian or curator\n\n\n1. Guardianship and curatorship institutions must monitor whether the guardian/curator fulfils his or her duties properly.\n\n\n2. The duties of the guardian/curator related to the administration of the ward\u2019s assets shall be established by the rules of Book Four of this Code governing the administration of assets.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.279. Curatorship of a person with full legal capacity\n\n\n1. At the request of a natural person with full legal capacity incapable of exercising his or her rights or of performing his or her duties due to health reasons may be placed under curatorship.\n\n\n2. The curator of a person with full legal capacity shall be appointed by a court order at the request of the person with full legal capacity or on the application of a guardianship/curatorship institution.\n\n\n3. A curator may be appointed only with his or her written consent. The person with full legal capacity and the curator shall conclude an agency agreement or an agreement on the management of assets in trust setting forth the rights and duties of the curator related to the management, use and disposal of the assets of the person with full legal capacity.\n\n\n4. Curatorship shall be cancelled by a court order at the request of the person with full legal capacity.\n\n\n5. In cases provided for in this Article, Article 3.244 of this Code shall apply to the extent it is compatible with the agreement concluded between the curator and the person with full legal capacity.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER XIX1\n\nASSISTANCE IN MAKING DECISIONS"}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.2791.  Assistance in making decisions\n\n\n1. A full-age natural person with full legal capacity may enter into a written contract with a full-age natural person with full legal capacity whom he or she trusts for assistance in making decisions in certain areas of life. A contract for assistance in making decisions may be concluded where a person has difficulties in taking decisions which are best suited to his or her interests due to a mental and behavioural disorder or other circumstances (age, illness, etc.). A contract for assistance in making decisions in the areas where he or she is legally capable may also be concluded by a natural person who is legally incapable in a certain area or of limited legal capacity in a certain area.\n\n\n2. Contracts for assistance in making decisions shall be concluded in the notarial form. Contracts for assistance in making decisions or amendments thereto shall be registered in the Register of Legally Incapable Persons and Persons with Limited Legal Capacity. A notary public or consular officer who has approved the contract for assistance in making decisions or amendments thereto shall provide the Register of Legally Incapable Persons and Persons with Limited Legal Capacity with the data necessary for registering the contract or amendments thereto in accordance with the procedure laid down in the Register of Legally Incapable Persons and Persons with Limited Legal Capacity. A contract for assistance in making decisions may be used against third parties and give rise to legal consequences against them only where it is registered in the Register of Legally Incapable Persons and Persons with Limited Legal Capacity."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. The person providing assistance must avoid any conflict of interest between himself and the person to whom assistance is provided. Where the provision of assistance gives rise to a conflict of interest, the provisions of Article 2.135 of this Code shall apply mutatis mutandis.\n\n\n4. The activities of persons providing assistance shall be supervised and controlled by the guardianship and curatorship institutions referred to in Article 3.241(1) of this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3.2792. Legal effect of decisions taken with assistance\n\n\n1. Decisions of a person who has concluded a contract for assistance in making decisions shall be his or her personal decisions.\n\n\n2. Responsibility for decisions of the person who has concluded a contract for assistance in making decisions and actions taken on the basis of them shall be borne by the person who has taken the decisions.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 3.2793. Termination of provision of assistance in making decisions\n\n\n1. Any party to a contract for assistance in making decisions may file an application for termination of the contract with a notary public or consular officer. An application for termination of a contract for assistance in making decisions shall be approved by a notary public or consular officer. A notary public or consular officer who has approved the application for termination of a contract for assistance in making decisions shall provide the Register of Legally Incapable Persons and Persons with Limited Legal Capacity with the data necessary for the registration of termination of the contract in accordance with the procedure laid down in the Register of Legally Incapable Persons and Persons with Limited Legal Capacity.\n\n\n2. Termination of a contract for assistance in making decisions may be used against third parties and give rise to legal consequences against them only where it is registered in the Register of Legally Incapable Persons and Persons with Limited Legal Capacity.\n\n \n\nPART 8 No longer effective from 1 January 2017.\n\n \n\n\n \n\n\nBOOK FOUR\n\nPROPERTY LAW\n\n \n\n\nPART I\n\nTHINGS\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER I\n\nGENERAL PROVISIONS"}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "PART I\n\nTHINGS\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER I\n\nGENERAL PROVISIONS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.1. Definition of things\n\nObjects of the material world either obtained from nature or manufactured shall be considered things. \n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.2. Movable and immovable things\n\n\n1. Things immovable by nature and things movable by nature but considered immovable by law shall be deemed immovable things.\n\n\n2. A parcel of land and things related thereto which cannot be moved from one place to another without altering their essence and without significantly reducing their value shall be considered things immovable by nature.\n\n\n3. Things that can be moved from one place to another without altering their essence and without significantly reducing their value shall be considered things movable by nature.\n\n\n4. A movable thing which has been incorporated into an immovable thing and which has lost its individual characteristics shall be deemed a part of an immovable thing.\n\n\n5. A movable thing that is physically fastened or otherwise attached to an immovable thing, also making a part thereof, but without losing its individual characteristics, shall not be considered a part of an immovable thing.\n\n\n6. Consistent parts of an immovable thing separated therefrom temporarily shall maintain their properties of an immovable thing if these parts are to be restored thereto.\n\n\n7. Rules established for things immovable by nature may be applied to things movable by nature and vice versa, provided this is established by law or by agreement between the parties on condition such agreement does not contradict the law."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.3. Fungible and non-fungible things\n\n\n1. Things for which only the properties of a kind are taken into consideration and which do not possess individual characteristics shall be deemed fungible things.\n\n\n2. Things that possess individual characteristics shall be deemed non-fungible things.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.4. Things with individual characteristics and things with properties of a kind\n\n\n1. Things shall be deemed to have individual characteristics when they are, in one way or another, distinguishable from other things of the same kind by some characteristics.\n\n\n2. Things shall be deemed to have properties of a kind when they have characteristics common to that kind of things.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.5. Consumable and non-consumable things\n\n\n1. Things shall be deemed consumable when they are immediately destroyed or lost or when they undergo an essential change once used for their intended purpose.\n\n\n2. Things shall be deemed non-consumable when, while being used for their intended purpose, they remain for a long time without essential changes in terms of their value and purpose.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.6. Divisible and indivisible things\n\n\n1. Things shall be deemed divisible when they may be divided physically without changing their intended purpose and when each part thereof may be used as a self-contained unit.\n\n\n2. Things that change their intended purpose once divided physically as well as things divisible by nature but considered indivisible by law shall be deemed indivisible things.\n\n\n3. Things divisible by nature may be recognised as indivisible if the parties so agree."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.7. Things taken out of circulation, things in limited circulation and things remaining in circulation\n\n\n1. Each person may own any things provided these are not taken out of circulation or are not in limited circulation.\n\n\n2. Only the exclusive property of the State shall constitute things taken out of circulation.\n\n\n3. Things in limited circulation shall be things with certain properties whose circulation is limited due to safety, health concerns, or other public needs.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.8. Household things\n\nAll movable things, furniture and decorative items used in household activities, with the exception of book collections (libraries), collections of art works and other valuable collections, as well as items of scientific or historical value, shall be considered household things.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.9. Encumbrances of real rights\n\n\n1. Obligations related to the thing shall be considered encumbrances of real rights.\n\n\n2. Encumbrances of real rights shall pass on to the new owner together with the thing. Where the encumbrances of real rights have to be registered, only the registered encumbrances shall be passed on to the new owner together with the thing. In cases established by law or by mutual consent of the persons involved, encumbrances of real rights together with the thing may be transferred to another person.\n\n\n3. Where an immovable thing is divided or joined with another immovable thing, the real rights and encumbrances thereof registered in the public register shall remain unless otherwise stipulated by law."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.10. Expenses of a thing\n\n\n1. Expenses of a thing shall fall into common and extraordinary expenses.\n\n\n2. The expenses that are necessary for the security of the thing or protection of the thing from destruction or marked deterioration shall be considered common expenses.\n\n\n3. The expenses that are incurred both to improve the thing and to increase the income from the thing shall be considered extraordinary expenses.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.11. Things by value\n\n\n1. In terms of their value, things shall fall into those of common value, those of special value, and those that have a value based on personal considerations.\n\n\n2. The common value of a thing shall depend on the benefit generally obtained from the thing.\n\n\n3. The special value of a thing shall depend on the benefit that a person obtains from possessing, using or disposing of the thing.\n\n\n4. The value based on personal considerations shall depend on the qualities that a person attributes to the thing due to his exclusive relationship with the said thing, irrespective of the benefit that may generally be obtained from the said thing.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER II\n\nPRINCIPAL AND AUXILIARY THINGS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.12. Principal things\n\nThings that may be independent objects of legal relationships shall be considered principal things."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.12. Principal things\n\nThings that may be independent objects of legal relationships shall be considered principal things.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.13. Auxiliary things\n\n\n1. Things that exist only in conjunction with principal things or that belong to principal things or that are otherwise related thereto shall be considered auxiliary things.\n\n\n2. Auxiliary things shall fall into essential parts of principal things, fruit, output and income obtained from principal things, and appurtenances of principal things.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.14. Treatment of auxiliary things\n\n\n1. Auxiliary things shall be treated in the same way as principal things unless otherwise provided by law or a contract.\n\n\n2. Where during the process of transferring a principal thing to another owner a dispute arises regarding the treatment of an auxiliary thing, the auxiliary thing shall be transferred to another owner together with the principal thing unless proven that the opposite should apply.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.15. Essential parts of a principal thing\n\nThings that are inseparably connected to and incorporated into the principal thing in a way that without them the principal thing could not be used for its intended purpose or would be recognised as incomplete shall be considered the essential parts of a principal thing.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.16. Fruit\n\nThings which are bound to separate, which separate or which are separated from the principal thing, without damaging the integrity and purpose of the principal thing as the latter matures organically, shall be considered fruit.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.17. Output\n\nThings that are produced as a result of work using principal things in the manufacturing process shall be considered output."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.18. Income\n\n\n1. Money and other material goods which are obtained by using the principal thing in civilian circulation shall constitute income obtained from a thing.\n\n\n2. All things that may be obtained by using the principal thing in various modes may also constitute income. In this sense, not only things described in paragraph 1 of this Article but also fruit and output shall constitute income.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.19. Appurtenances\n\n\n1. Independent auxiliary things which are meant for serving the principal thing and which are permanently linked to the principal thing by their qualities shall be considered appurtenances.\n\n\n2. The putting together of two or more things shall not render any of these things an appurtenance if there are no characteristics described in paragraph 1 of this Article.\n\n \n\n\nPART II\n\nREAL RIGHTS\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER III\n\nGENERAL PROVISIONS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.20. Definition of real rights\n\nAn absolute right that manifests itself by the possibility of the right holder to implement the rights of possessing, using and disposing of the thing or only some of these rights shall be considered a real right.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.21. Legal regime of real rights\n\nReal rights in immovable things shall be subject to the legal regime established for immovable things, and real rights in movable things shall be subject to the legal regime established for movable things unless otherwise stipulated by law.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER IV\n\nPOSSESSION\n\n \n\n\nSECTION ONE\n\nGENERAL PROVISIONS"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "CHAPTER IV\n\nPOSSESSION\n\n \n\n\nSECTION ONE\n\nGENERAL PROVISIONS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.22. Possession\n\n\n1. Possession as an independent real right to things, which is the basis for acquiring the right of ownership by acquisitive prescription, shall be the actual holding of a thing with a purpose to have it as one\u2019s own.\n\n\n2. Where the actual holder of a thing recognises another person as the possessor or owner of the thing, possession shall not be considered an independent real right to a thing.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.23. Legal and illegal possession\n\n\n1. Possession of a thing may be legal and illegal.\n\n\n2. Possession of a thing shall be considered legal when the thing is acquired on the same basis as the right of ownership. Possession shall be considered legal until the opposite is proven.\n\n\n3. Possession of a thing shall be considered illegal when the thing is acquired by force, in a clandestine manner, or otherwise in violation of legal acts.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.24. Object of possession\n\nAny thing that may be the object of the right of ownership may be the object of possession.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION TWO\n\nACQUISITION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF POSSESSION"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "SECTION TWO\n\nACQUISITION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF POSSESSION\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.25. Acquisition of possession\n\n\n1. Possession may be acquired by taking over a thing, or by transferring or inheriting the right of possession.\n\n\n2. Possession shall be acquired by taking over a thing physically, when the person who has taken over the thing may affect it as he wishes. The person who is taking over the thing must also express one\u2019s will to have the thing as one\u2019s own.\n\n\n3. A person may take over a thing without a direct or indirect physical contact between himself and the thing.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.26. Acquisition of possession in good faith and in bad faith\n\n\n1. Possession may be acquired in good faith and in bad faith.\n\n\n2. Possession shall be deemed to have been acquired in good faith until the opposite is proven.\n\n\n3. Possession shall be deemed to have been acquired in good faith when the person who takes possession of a thing is convinced that no one has more rights to the thing that he is taking over than himself.\n\n\n4. Possession shall be deemed to have been acquired in bad faith when the possessor knew or ought to have known that he had no right to acquire possession of the thing or that another person had more rights to the thing he took over."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.27. Acquisition of possession of an immovable thing\n\n\n1. Possession of an immovable thing may be acquired not only by taking over the thing physically, but also when the person relinquishing the immovable thing indicates that the thing has been relinquished, provided there are no impediments to accessing the thing or taking it over physically in some other way.\n\n\n2. Possession of an immovable thing shall be acquired as of the moment of the registration of possession in the public register.\n\n\n3. Possession may not be registered in the public register if the right of ownership to the thing has already been registered there."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.28. Acquisition of possession of a movable thing\n\nPossession of a movable thing shall be acquired:\n\n\n1) when the person wishing to acquire the possession of a movable thing takes the thing into his hands;\n\n\n2) when the person wishing to acquire the possession of a movable thing has started the safekeeping of the thing or the safekeeping is being carried out upon his instruction;\n\n\n3) when, upon the instruction of the person wishing to acquire the possession of a thing, the latter is given to a person nominated by him;\n\n\n4) when a thing is placed in the premises owned by the person wishing to acquire the possession of the thing;\n\n\n5) when the person wishing to acquire the possession of a thing is given the keys to the premises containing the thing;\n\n\n6) when the person wishing to acquire the possession of a thing marks nobody\u2019s thing accordingly;\n\n\n7) when a thing to be captured entered a trap, a net, etc.;\n\n\n8) upon completion of other acts expressing a person\u2019s will to acquire the possession of a thing.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.29. Acquisition of possession through another person\n\nIf a person relinquishing the possession of a thing through another person had the intention to relinquish the thing to a specific person, the latter shall acquire the possession of the thing so relinquished even if the person through whom the thing is relinquished would like to acquire the thing for himself or for yet another person."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.30. Actual possession through another person\n\nThe possessor may possess a thing through another person, who must follow the instructions of the possessor.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION THREE\n\nPROVISIONS REGARDING THE TERMINATION OF POSSESSION\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.31. Termination of possession\n\n\n1. Possession shall be terminated when the possessor relinquishes his rights of possession to the thing, i.e. when he relinquishes the actual possession of a thing or keeping it as his own, and in other cases provided by law.\n\n\n2. Relinquishing of possession must be clearly expressed or implied.\n\n\n3. The possessor\u2019s non-use of an immovable thing shall not indicate that he relinquishes possession thereof if his wish to relinquish possession cannot be implied from other circumstances.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.32. Termination of possession of a movable thing\n\nPossession of a movable thing shall terminate upon the possessor\u2019s loss of the ability to affect the thing as he wishes when:\n\n\n1) another person takes over the possession of the thing, including the takeover of the thing in a clandestine manner or by force;\n\n\n2) the possessor has lost the thing and fails to find it;\n\n\n3) the possessor may not have the thing for other reasons."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.33. Termination of possession of an immovable thing\n\n\n1. Possession of an immovable thing shall terminate when the possessor not only loses the ability to affect the thing as he wishes but also undertakes no means to restore such ability.\n\n\n2. Possession of an immovable thing shall terminate when the efforts of the possessor to restore the effect upon the thing have been unsuccessful.\n\n\n3. Possession of an immovable thing shall terminate as of the moment the registration of possession is removed from the public register.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION FOUR\n\nPROTECTION OF POSSESSION\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.34. Defence of possession\n\n\n1. Each possessor shall be entitled to protect his current possession and to retake the possession that has been taken away forcefully.\n\n\n2. The possessor may demand in court the recovery of losses incurred not only as a result of protection of possession but also due to violation of possession.\n\n\n3. A possessor in good faith must be compensated for the expenses incurred due to the holding of possession, with the exception of cases where such expenses are indemnified by the income received from the possession of the thing. A possessor in good faith shall also have the right to keep the parts that have been added to the thing to improve it, provided that this does not cause damage to the thing. If these parts cannot be separated from the thing, the possessor in good faith shall have the right to demand compensation for the expenses incurred due to the improvement of the thing, but not in excess of the increase in the value of the thing."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.35. Violation of possession\n\n\n1. Possession may be violated by taking or attempting at taking the thing or a part thereof, as well as the rights thereto, or by impeding the possession of the thing. Violation of possession may be expressed by threats that cause real danger to the possession.\n\n\n2. Actions coinciding formally with the description referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article shall not be considered violations of possession provided the person indicated as the violator of possession proves that the possession by the plaintiff has originated from him illegally.\n\n\n3. The claim by the person indicated as the violator of possession that the possession by the plaintiff originated illegally from a third person shall not constitute a basis for recognising that the person indicated as the violator of possession has not violated the possession.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.36. Disputes regarding possession\n\n\n1. In the event of a dispute regarding possession where two or more persons claim to be the possessors of the same thing and where they furnish facts proving that their possession continues, the possession by the person who proves that he is the legitimate possessor of the thing must be defended.\n\n\n2. If none of the persons involved in a dispute manage to prove this, the possession by the person that was the first to enter into possession must be defended.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER V\n\nRIGHT OF OWNERSHIP\n\n \n\n\nSECTION ONE\n\nGENERAL PROVISIONS"}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "CHAPTER V\n\nRIGHT OF OWNERSHIP\n\n \n\n\nSECTION ONE\n\nGENERAL PROVISIONS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.37. Definition of the right of ownership\n\n\n1. The right of ownership shall mean the right to possess, use and dispose of, at one\u2019s own discretion, an object of the right of ownership, without violating the laws and the rights and interests of other persons.\n\n\n2. The owner shall enjoy the right to transfer the entire object of the right of ownership or parts thereof, or only the specific rights stipulated in paragraph 1 of this Article, to another person.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.38. Object of the right of ownership\n\nThe object of the right of ownership may be things and other property.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.39. Limitation of the right of ownership\n\n\n1. The right of ownership may be limited by the will of the owner, by law, or by a court judgment.\n\n\n2.  Where doubts regarding the limitation of the right of ownership arise, it shall be considered in all cases that the right of ownership is not limited."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.40. Content of the rights of owners of a land parcel\n\n\n1. The owner of a land parcel shall have in his ownership the topsoil of the land parcel, the construction works constructed thereon and their appurtenances, as well as other immovable things unless the law or the contract provide otherwise.\n\n\n2. The owner of a land parcel shall enjoy the rights of ownership to the space above his land parcel in as much as they do not contradict the laws and to the extent necessary for the intended use of the land parcel.\n\n\n3. The owner of a land parcel shall enjoy the right of ownership to the topsoil of the land parcel and the minerals in the soil in so far as this does not contradict the laws and to the extent necessary for the intended use of the land parcel.         \n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.41. Content of the rights of owners of animals\n\nIn exercising his right of ownership, the owner of animals must abide by the laws governing the protection and keeping of animals, and other requirements stipulated by laws."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.42. Right to parts of trees, bushes and other vegetation of neighbouring parcels and their fruit\n\n\n1. The owner of a land parcel shall have the right to cut off and take the roots and branches of trees, bushes and other vegetation growing in a neighbouring parcel that extend on to his parcel, when he has requested in advance the owner of the neighbouring parcel that such removal should be carried out, establishing the time limit for their removal and seeing the failure to remove them within the time limit established.\n\n\n2. This right shall not pertain to the owner of a land parcel if the roots and branches of trees, bushes and other vegetation growing in a neighbouring parcel that extend on to his parcel do not impede the cultivation of the land parcel.\n\n\n3. In all cases, the owner of a land parcel shall acquire the right of ownership to the fruit received from the branches of trees and bushes growing on the neighbouring parcel that extend on to his parcel, and to the fruit obtained from the stalks, twigs and roots of other plants growing on a neighbouring parcel that extend on to his parcel."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.43. Temporary use of another\u2019s land parcel for transport\n\n\n1. The owner of a land parcel that has lost access to a public road, necessary for the intended use of his land parcel, may require the owners or users of neighbouring parcels to allow him to use their parcels for transport purposes until such time as the obstacle that has interrupted access is removed. Disputes regarding the direction of the temporary road and the right to use it, if necessary, shall be decided in court.\n\n\n2. The owners of neighbouring parcels over which a temporary road is made must be compensated in advance for the losses incurred due to the making of the road.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.44. Impossibility of temporary use of another\u2019s land parcel for transport\n\nThe owner of a land parcel which has lost access to a public road, necessary for the intended use of the parcel, may not require his neighbours to allow him to use their parcels for transport purposes if his own intentional acts have interrupted access from his parcel to the public road."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.45. Delimitation of a land parcel\n\n\n1. Where the owners of land parcels fail to agree on the disputed limits of their parcels and the limits are not clear from the existing documents, the parcels shall be delimited by the court on the basis of pertinent documents, the limits of the actual parcels, and other evidence. If it is not possible to establish the limits, each parcel must be given an equal part of the plot under dispute, but none of the parcels thus formed can differ in size from the existing legally established parcel.\n\n\n2. The expenses of parcel delimitation must be borne by both parties in equal parts unless otherwise provided by agreements governing their mutual relations or established by court."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.46. Right to immovable things marking the limits of a land parcel\n\n\n1. Owners whose parcels are separated by a fence, trees, bushes, a wall or other immovable things that serve both parcels and mark the limits of these parcels shall have the right to jointly use these objects if it cannot be established that these objects belong to one specific owner.\n\n\n2. The owner that jointly uses immovable things marking the limits of his land parcel shall have the right to use them for their intended purpose in so far as this does not interfere with the owner of the neighbouring parcel. Expenses related to the maintenance and protection of such objects shall be paid in equal parts by the owners of the neighbouring parcels unless agreed otherwise.\n\n\n3. The owner of one parcel cannot remove or alter the jointly used immovable things marking the limits of the land parcels without the consent of the other owner.\n\n\n4. Other legal relations between the owners of neighbouring land parcels regarding the immovable things marking the limits of the parcels shall be established by the general provisions on the right of co-ownership.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION TWO\n\nPROVISIONS REGARDING THE ACQUISITION AND LOSS OF THE RIGHT OF OWNERSHIP"}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.47. Provisions regarding the acquisition of the right of ownership\n\nThe right of ownership may be acquired in the following ways:\n\n\n1) by contract;\n\n\n2) by inheritance;\n\n\n3) by appropriating fruit and income;\n\n\n4) by producing a new thing;\n\n\n5) by appropriating an ownerless thing;\n\n\n6) by appropriating wild animals, wild and domestic bees;\n\n\n7) by appropriating untended and stray domestic animals;\n\n\n8) by appropriating a find or a treasure trove;\n\n\n9) by expropriating, upon compensation and on grounds of public interest, inappropriately kept cultural goods and other things (property);\n\n\n10) by confiscating or otherwise alienating things (property) as a retribution for the violation of laws;\n\n\n11) by acquisitive prescription;\n\n\n12) on other grounds laid down by laws.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.48. Acquisition of the right of ownership by transfer\n\n\n1. The right of ownership may be transferred to another person only by the owner of a thing or by a person given such powers by the owner.\n\n\n2. The new owner shall acquire such rights and obligations regarding the transferred thing (property) as had the former owner of the thing (property) unless the laws or the contract stipulate otherwise."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.49. Moment from which the acquirer of the thing by contract acquires the right of ownership\n\n\n1. The acquirer of a thing (property) shall acquire the right of ownership to the thing (property) as of the moment these are transferred to him, provided the laws or the contract do not stipulate otherwise.\n\n\n2. The right of ownership to an immovable thing by contract shall be acquired as of the moment established by law.\n\n\n3. The contract may stipulate that the right of ownership shall pass to the acquirer only after the latter has satisfied a condition established in the contract.\n\n\n4. The right of ownership to a future thing, with the exception of a thing subject to registration, may be transferred by contract in advance.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.50. Transfer of a thing to the acquirer\n\n\n1. The transfer of a thing shall give the acquirer the opportunity to use the thing transferred for its intended purpose, with due regard to the condition of the thing and to its legal status.\n\n\n2. The transfer shall be considered the passing into ownership of a thing to the acquirer, as well as the passing over of a thing, given without the obligation to deliver it to the destination, to a transport company for delivery to the acquirer and the delivery by post to the acquirer unless the laws or the contract stipulate otherwise.\n\n\n3. The transfer of a bill of lading or any other document testifying to the disposal of the thing shall be equivalent to the transfer of the thing."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.51. Acquisition of things having a special import\n\nThings having a special import to the economy, the public or the national security of the Republic of Lithuania, or things having a special import for other reasons (weapons, heavily poisonous substances, etc.) may be acquired only under special permits. Such things and the procedure for obtaining permits necessary to acquire them shall be laid down by law.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.52. Risk of accidental perishment or damage of a transferred thing\n\n\n1. The risk of accidental perishment or damage of a thing being transferred shall pass to the acquirer at the moment when he acquires the ownership rights unless the laws or the contract stipulate otherwise.\n\n\n2. If the transferor misses the time limit for transferring the thing or the acquirer misses the time limit for receiving the thing, the risk of accidental perishment or damage of the thing shall be borne by the party that has missed the time limit unless the laws or the contract stipulate otherwise.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.53. Right of ownership to fruit and income\n\n\n1. The fruit borne by a thing and increase in animal stock shall belong to their owner unless the laws or the contract establish otherwise.\n\n\n2. The results of the economic use of a thing (output and income) shall belong to the owner of the thing unless the laws or the contract establish otherwise."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.54. Things arising from the joining of movable things\n\n\n1. Where movable things, which are the property of several owners, join to form a new thing and there is no possibility to return them to their original state by partitioning them, or the partitioning thereof is fraught with excessive costs, while the owners have not agreed specifically upon the joining of the things, the new movable property arising therefrom shall be considered joint property whose parts belong to each of the co-owners in proportion to the value of their property so joined.\n\n\n2. If movable things belonging to different owners were joined without the consent and knowledge of the other owner or owners and if there is a possibility to partition them and return them to their original state, this shall be done at the expense of the person that joined them."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.55. Making of a thing from another\u2019s material\n\n\n1. A person who has made a new thing from another\u2019s material shall become its owner if the value of producing the thing is higher than the value of the material and if the person was not aware nor ought to have been aware that the material is under somebody else\u2019s ownership. In this case, the person who has made use of another\u2019s material must compensate the owner of the material for its value.\n\n\n2. Where the value of the material is higher than the value of producing the thing, the owner of the material shall be the owner of the thing. He shall have the right either to keep the thing and recompense the value of its making, or to renounce the thing in favour of the maker and claim compensation from the latter."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.56. Making of a thing from own and another\u2019s material\n\n\n1. A person who has made a new thing from his own and another\u2019s material shall become the owner of the thing if the value of producing the thing and the value of own material is higher than the value of another\u2019s material and if the person was not aware nor ought to have been aware that the material is under somebody else\u2019s ownership. In this case, the person who has made use of another\u2019s material must compensate the owner of the material for its value.\n\n\n2. If the value of another\u2019s material is higher than the value of producing the thing and that of the own material, the owner of another\u2019s material shall be considered the owner of the thing. He shall have the right either to keep the thing and recompense the value of its making and that of the material owned by the maker of the thing, or to renounce the thing in favour of the maker and claim compensation from the latter."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.57. Ownerless thing\n\n\n1. A thing that does not have an owner or whose owner is unknown shall be considered an ownerless thing.\n\n\n2. A thing acquired in good faith and legally possessed, even though the possessor has not yet acquired the right of ownership to the thing by acquisitive prescription, shall not be considered ownerless.\n\n\n3. Movable ownerless things may include animals and inanimate movable things which have not yet been in anybody\u2019s ownership or which have been renounced by the owner, or which have been lost or hidden (a find), including a treasure trove.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.58. Acquisition of the right of ownership to an ownerless thing\n\n\n1. An ownerless thing may be transferred to the ownership of only the State or municipalities by a court judgment, adopted on the basis of an application by a state or municipal institution. The application shall be submitted after the lapse of one year from the day on which the thing was included in the register unless the laws provide otherwise.\n\n\n2. The procedure for disclosure of and accounting for an ownerless thing shall be established by the Government.\n\n\n3. Ownership of an ownerless thing may not be acquired if this is prohibited by law or if the appropriation of the thing violates another person\u2019s right to appropriate the thing (right to a treasure trove, find, etc.).\n\n\n4. A movable thing which has not had an owner or which has been relinquished by the owner, by a direct statement to that effect or by discarding the thing, shall become property of a person that has started possessing it."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.59. Wild animals\n\nWild animals living in the wild which have been caught or shot as provided by law shall become property of the person that caught or shot them unless the laws provide otherwise.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.60. Wild and domestic bees\n\n\n1. A colony of wild bees shall be considered property of the person on whose land parcel it was caught.\n\n\n2. The owner of bees shall have the right to pursue a swarm of bees, including the right to pursue it on another person\u2019s land, provided he indemnifies the owner of the land plot for the damage caused by such pursuit.\n\n\n3. The owner of a swarm of bees shall lose the ownership right thereto if he has not pursued the bees within 24 hours as of the moment the bees were adopted by another person or the bees have settled on another person\u2019s land.\n\n\n4. Where a swarm of bees joins the bee hive of another beekeeper, the owner of the arriving bees shall lose ownership thereof."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.61. Untended and stray domestic animals\n\n\n1. A person that captures an untended or stray domestic animal must immediately inform thereof the owner of the animal and restitute such animal to him, or, if he does not know the owner of such animal or his address, inform the police or a municipal institution within three days of the capture of the animal.\n\n\n2. The police or a municipal institution shall take measures to find the owner of the domestic animal and, in line with veterinary rules, during this period shall turn the animal over for keeping and using to its finder or shall turn it over for keeping and using to the nearest person engaged in agricultural activities and capable of duly tending to the animal when the finder of the domestic animal does not engage in agricultural activities or does not have adequate conditions for keeping the animal.\n\n\n3. Where the owner of untended and stray working domestic animals (and their offspring) is found within one month and that of small domestic animals (and their offspring) within two weeks from the day they were turned over for keeping and using, such animals shall be returned to the owner. The owner must repay all the expenses of keeping the animal, including the profit borne by using it, to the person that has tended the animal in the meantime.\n\n\n4. Where the owner of the animal is not found within the time specified, he shall lose the right of ownership to such animal. In this case, the animal shall become, without recompense, property of the person who has tended it."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.62. Finds\n\n\n1. A find shall be considered a lost thing whose owner is unknown.\n\n\n2. A person who has found a find must restitute it to the owner, if known. Where such person is not known, the finder must report and submit the find to the police within a week of the act of finding if he is unable or unwilling to store the thing himself.\n\n\n3. The finder or the police must store the find for six months. Using of the find during this period shall be prohibited. If during this time the owner of the thing is found, the thing shall be restored to the owner with prior compensation by the owner for the expenses of keeping the thing and other expenses related thereto. If the owner of the thing is not found within the specified period, the thing shall gratuitously become property of the finder, on condition that the finder agrees to cover the expenses of keeping the thing and other expenses related thereto when the find was stored elsewhere.   If the finder does not agree to cover such expenses, the find shall gratuitously become property of the State, while the finder shall be recompensed for the expenses related to the find.\n\n\n4. Legal acts may establish other legal provisions regarding finds."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.63. Perishable ownerless goods and finds\n\n\n1. Where ownerless goods and finds may perish or lose a part of their inherent qualities due to long storage, the police or a financial, supervisory or municipal institution must take measures to sell the things, when that is possible, while keeping the money received for the things for the person who has lost or has been otherwise deprived of the things. When the things cannot be sold, they shall be destroyed.\n\n\n2. Where the owner of the things is found after the things have been sold, the owner shall receive the money obtained for the things, less the amount for storing, selling and notifying about the find.\n\n\n3. Where the owner of a perishable ownerless thing is not found within the time limit established in paragraph 1 of Article 4.58 of this Code, the money received from selling such thing shall be transferred to the state budget in accordance with the procedure established by laws.\n\n\n4. Where the person who had lost the thing which was sold as perishable is not found within six months from the day of finding such thing, the money received from selling the thing shall be given to the finder, less the amount for storing, selling and notifying about the find."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.64. Compensation for the find\n\n\n1. The person who has found a thing and restored it to the owner or submitted it to the police in the manner established by law shall have the right to compensation from the owner of the lost thing for expenses related to the storage and handing over of the find and a pay for the find. The owner who has lost the thing must pay the finder a fee of five per cent of the value of the find if the owner has not promised publicly a higher recompense for the find or if he has not agreed upon a higher pay with the finder.\n\n\n2. A fee for finding a thing shall not be paid where the finder has failed to inform about the find within the prescribed time and in the prescribed manner or concealed the fact of finding the thing when asked."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.65. Treasure trove\n\n\n1. A treasure trove shall mean money or valuables dug in the ground or otherwise hidden, whose owner cannot be established, mostly because a considerable period of time has passed since the concealment.\n\n\n2. A person who has found a treasure trove in his own land or in another thing owned by the person shall become the owner of the find.\n\n\n3. It shall be prohibited to search for a treasure trove in another person\u2019s land or property. A person who violates this provision shall not receive any part of the treasure trove found, and the entire treasure trove found shall become property of the person in whose land or other property the treasure trove was found.\n\n\n4. The person who has found a treasure trove in another person\u2019s land or other property, either accidentally or with the permission of the owner to look for a treasure trove, shall receive one-fourth of the treasure trove, while the remaining three-fourths shall be given to the owner of the land or other property where the treasure trove was found unless they have agreed otherwise. The agreement must be made in writing.\n\n\n5. Where the digging of or search for valuables is part of the job description of the person who has found the treasure trove, such person shall not acquire the right of ownership to the treasure trove or a part thereof.\n\n\n6. Where a treasure trove has a historic, cultural, or archaeological value and is appropriated, by law, for public needs, the persons that are entitled to acquire the right of ownership to the treasure trove or a part thereof, as stipulated in this Article, must be duly recompensed."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.66. Improper keeping of cultural heritage\n\n\n1. Where a person keeps improperly the property which is of great historical, artistic or other value to the public, the public institution charged with the protection of such heritage shall give a warning to the owner about the improper keeping of such things. If the owner fails to fulfil this requirement, such property may be taken from him by a court judgment following a claim by a relevant institution. Such taken things shall become the property of the State. The person shall be recompensed for the value of the things taken, upon establishing such value by agreement between the former owner and the relevant institution, or, in case of a dispute, by court.\n\n\n2. In case of urgency, a claim regarding the appropriation of indicated property may be submitted without prior warning.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.67. Expropriation of a thing\n\nThe State may expropriate a thing from an owner for the benefit of the public good, with due recompense or without recompense as a sanction for violation of the law, only in cases and in accordance with the procedure established by law.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION THREE\n\nACQUISITIVE PRESCRIPTION"}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "SECTION THREE\n\nACQUISITIVE PRESCRIPTION\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.68. Concept of acquisitive prescription\n\n\n1. A natural or legal person who is not the owner of a thing, but has acquired the thing in good faith and has possessed it in good faith, legitimately, openly, and continuously as his own immovable thing for at least ten years or as his own movable thing for at least three years, where during the entire such period the owner of the thing had the legal possibility to exercise his rights to the thing but has not used them once, shall acquire the right of ownership to such thing.\n\n\n2. The fact of acquisition of ownership by acquisitive prescription shall be established by court.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.69. Things acquired by acquisitive prescription\n\n\n1. Only the things that may be objects of private ownership may be acquired into ownership by acquisitive prescription.\n\n\n2. Ownership by acquisitive prescription shall not apply to things obtained by force or in a clandestine manner, irrespective of whether the person who has obtained the thing by force or in a clandestine manner himself or somebody else seeks to acquire the right of ownership in this manner.\n\n\n3. Acquisitive prescription shall not apply to the right of ownership to things that are property of the State or a municipality, or things registered in another person\u2019s (not the possessor\u2019s) name."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.70. Property acquired and possessed in good faith\n\n\n1. A person acquiring ownership of a thing by acquisitive prescription must not only act in good faith, that is, when taking possession of the thing he must have been reasonably convinced that no one else has more rights to the thing than he has, but he must also remain a possessor in good faith during the entire period of acquisitive prescription, and even upon acquiring the thing into ownership by acquisitive prescription, he must not be aware of any impediments that hinder his acquisition of the said ownership, if such impediments exist.\n\n\n2. The acquisition and possession in bad faith of a part of a thing or several parts thereof shall not prevent the possessor from acquiring into ownership by acquisitive prescription other parts of the thing acquired and possessed in good faith.\n\n\n3. If the right to possession is acquired through an agent, good faith shall be required from both the agent and the principal."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.71. Continuous possession\n\n\n1. Possession of a thing shall be deemed continuous when a person has possessed the thing uninterruptedly from the moment of acquiring the right of possession to the moment of acquiring the right of ownership to the thing by acquisitive prescription.\n\n\n2. If during the period of acquisitive prescription the possession of a thing passed on to several persons and the possession by each of these persons met the requirements indicated in Article 4.68 of this Code, the time of possession by these persons shall be calculated together.\n\n\n3. Acquisitive prescription shall not be interrupted by the loss of possession of a thing without the volition of the possessor, provided the possession has been restored within a year.\n\n\n4. If the owner of the thing to which acquisitive prescription applies did not have a legal opportunity to exercise his right to the thing, the calculation of the time limit for acquisitive prescription shall be suspended for the period that such impediment exists.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION FOUR\n\nRIGHT OF CO-OWNERSHIP\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.72. Concept of the right of co-ownership and its subjects\n\n\n1. The right of co-ownership shall be the right of two or several owners to possess, use, and dispose of the object of the right of ownership held by them as common property.\n\n\n2. Any person that can be the subject of property relations may be a co-owner."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.73. Kinds of the right of co-ownership\n\n\n1. The right of partial co-ownership shall be the kind of ownership when shares of each co-owner are established in the co-ownership, while the right of joint co-ownership shall be the kind of ownership when such shares are not established.\n\n\n2. The right of co-ownership shall be deemed partial unless the laws provide otherwise.\n\n\n3. Where the specific size of shares of each co-owner is not established, it shall be assumed that the shares thereof are equal.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.74. Object of the right of co-ownership\n\nAny thing or other property may be the object of the right of co-ownership unless otherwise provided by laws."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.75. Exercise of the right of co-ownership\n\n\n1. The object of the right of partial co-ownership shall be possessed, used and disposed of by agreement between the co-owners.  In case of disputes, the order of possessing, using or disposing of the object thereof shall be established by court on the basis of a claim by either of the co-owners. Pending the resolution of the dispute, the court may appoint an administrator for the object of the dispute.\n\n\n2. If the object of the right of partial co-ownership has been directly possessed, used and disposed of by not all of the co-owners, the other co-owners shall have the right to receive a respective report, either annually or immediately after they have ceased to directly possess, use and dispose of the object held in partial co-ownership.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.76. Rights and obligations of co-owners in possession and maintenance of property held in partial co-ownership\n\nEach of the co-owners in proportion to their respective shares shall have the right to the profits obtained from a co-owned thing (property), shall be liable towards third persons in respect of the obligations pertaining to the co-owned thing (property), and must pay the expenses arising from its maintenance and preservation, as well as taxes, dues and other payments. If one of the co-owners fails to fulfil the obligation to maintain and take care of the thing (property), the other co-owners shall have the right to compensation for losses thus incurred."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.77. Change of rights of co-owners upon increasing property held in partial co-ownership\n\n\n1. If a co-owner, with the consent of the other co-owners and in keeping with the rules established by law, increases the co-owned thing or the value thereof at his own expense, the share of such co-owner in the partial co-ownership and the order of use of such co-owned thing must, at his request, be changed respectively.\n\n\n2. If a co-owner increases the co-owned thing or the value thereof without the consent of the other co-owners, he shall acquire the right of ownership to the increased part thereof, provided it can be partitioned without causing damage to the entire thing. If the increased part of the thing or of the value thereof cannot be partitioned without causing damage to the entire thing, the shares of all the co-owners shall increase in proportion to their shares of the co-owned property.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.78. Right of a co-owner to transfer or encumber the right to his share of the thing held in partial co-ownership\n\nEach co-owner shall have the right to lease or otherwise assign, pledge or encumber in some other way all or a part of his share held in partial co-ownership or transfer the possession thereof to another person, with the exception where this Code stipulates otherwise."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.79. Priority right to buy shares held in co-ownership\n\n\n1. Co-owners shall enjoy the priority right to buy the share of the co-owned property on sale at a price at which it is sold and under any other conditions of the sale, with the exception of cases where the sale takes the form of a public auction.\n\n\n2. The seller of a share held in co-ownership must inform the other co-owners in writing about the intention to sell his share to persons other than the co-owners, indicating the price and other conditions of the sale. When a share of an immovable co-owned thing is sold, such information shall be communicated through a notary. When the other co-owners renounce their priority right to buy the share of a co-owned thing or fail to exercise such right to immovable things within one month and to other things within ten days from the day of receipt of the notification of the sale thereof, provided the co-owners have not agreed otherwise, the seller shall have the right to sell his share to any person.\n\n\n3. If the share is sold in violation of the priority right to buy it, the other co-owner shall have the right, within three months, to demand through court the transfer of buyer\u2019s rights and obligations to him.  \n\n\n4. The seller and the buyer of the share of co-owned property shall be jointly and severally liable for fulfilling the obligations, pertaining to the share of the thing on sale that arose before the sale thereof, to the other co-owners."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.80. Partitioning of property held in partial co-ownership\n\n\n1. Each co-owner shall have the right to demand that his share be partitioned from the property held in partial co-ownership.\n\n\n2. In the event where no agreement is reached regarding the mode of partitioning, the thing shall be partitioned in kind without, as far as possible, disproportionate damage to its intended purpose, based on an action brought by any of the co-owners; in other cases, one or several of the co-owners of the thing thus partitioned shall receive moneratary compensation.\n\n\n3. A creditor of a co-owner shall have the right to demand partitioning of the debtor\u2019s share in order to seek debt recovery against it.\n\n\n4. If one of the co-owners is legally incapable in this area or of limited legal capacity in this area or is a minor, a guardianship/curatorship institution must be involved in partitioning his share in co-ownership."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.81. Order of use of houses, apartments and other immovable things subject to partial co-ownership\n\n\n1. Co-owners of a house, an apartment or other immovable things shall have the right to establish, upon mutual agreement, the order for the use of specific isolated spaces of the house or the apartment or specific parts of other immovable things, with regard to their respective shares of the property held in partial co-ownership.\n\n\n2. If the agreement referred to in this Article is certified by a notary and is registered in the public register, it shall be also binding on the person who acquires, at a later time, a part of the house, apartment or other immovable thing held in partial co-ownership."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.82. Right of partial co-ownership to apartments and other premises\n\n\n1. Owners of apartments and other premises shall enjoy the right of partial co-ownership to common-use premises of a house, carrying constructions of a house, mechanical, electrical, sanitary, technical and other equipment of common use.\n\n\n2. The owner of a house, an apartment or other premises shall have no right to transfer his share of property held in partial co-ownership, provided for in paragraph 1 of this Article, or perform any other acts as a result of which that share would be transferred separately from the right of ownership to the apartment or other premises, with the exception of cases where the transfer concerns a part of the thing held in partial co-ownership which can be or, after restructuring, will be used as a separate thing, such use being no impediment to the intended use of the apartments or other premises.\n\n\n3. Owners of apartments and other premises must, in proportion to their respective shares, cover the expenses pertaining to the maintenance and preservation of the house (construction works), as well as pay taxes, dues, and other fees in accordance with the procedure established by laws."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4. Owners of apartments and other premises must also accumulate, on a regular basis, funds for the renovation of the house (construction works) based on the obligatory requirements for the use and maintenance of construction works. The funds shall be partially co-owned property of the owners of apartments and other premises. The funds may not be subject to recovery under the obligations of an individual owner of an apartment or other premises. Upon transferring the apartment or other premises to a new owner, the rights and obligations related to the accumulation of funds shall be likewise transferred to the new owner. The procedure for accumulating funds, calculating the rate of contributions, and protecting the accumulated funds shall be established by the Government. Disputes concerning the accumulation of funds shall be settled by court.\n\n\n5. The accumulation of funds for the renovation (modernisation) of buildings shall be regulated by laws.\n\n\n6. The rules stipulated in Article 4.79 of this Code shall also apply in cases where owners of apartments and other premises of a house sell to other persons their entire share or a part of their proportionate share of the property held by them in partial co-ownership (attic, cellar, etc.). If the share on sale of the thing held in partial co-ownership is or can be used to meet the needs not of the entire building but of the owners of premised located in a part thereof (separate stairwell/entrance, etc.), without violating the rights of the owners of premises located in the building, notification regarding the sale of the part held in partial co-ownership must be given to the owners of premises located in that part of the building, and only the latter shall enjoy priority right to buy it."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "7. The owner of an apartment or other premises shall be entitled to the share of property held in partial co-ownership that is equal to the ratio between the useful floor area owned by him and the entire useful floor area of the building."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.83. Rights and obligations of owners of apartments and other premises to use the property held in partial co-ownership\n\n\n1. Owners/users of apartments and other premises shall have the right to use the common-use objects of a dwelling according to their function, without prejudice to the rights and legitimate interests of owners/users of other premises.\n\n\n2. Owners/users of apartments and other premises shall also have the right:\n\n\n1) to take necessary measures, without prior consent of the other owners/users, in order to prevent damage or eliminate threats to common-use objects, and demand from the other owners of apartments and other premises compensation for expenses, in proportion to the share of property held in partial co-ownership by these owners;\n\n\n2) to demand from the other owners/users of apartments and other premises that the possession and use of common-use objects of a dwelling should be in correspondence with the general rights and legitimate interests of the other owners/users.  The legitimate interests of owners/users of apartments and other premises shall include establishing of internal rules of a dwelling, due maintenance and care of common-use objects, preparation of a financial and economic plan for the maintenance of a dwelling, and accumulation of renovation funds for common-use objects."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. Owners/users of apartments and other premises must possess, duly maintain, repair and otherwise tend to the common-use objects.  For the possession of common-use objects of a multi-apartment dwelling, owners of apartments and other premises shall establish an association of owners of apartments and other premises or shall draw up a contract on joint activity, or shall, in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 4.84 of this Code, choose an administrator of common-use objects. The standard form of the contract on joint activity shall be approved by the Government or an institution authorised by it. The supervision and control of the activities related to the exercise of the functions assigned, by laws and other legal acts, to the management bodies of the associations of owners of apartments and other premises, persons authorised by the contract on joint activity, and administrators of common-use objects, appointed in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 4.84 of this Code, shall be carried out by municipalities.\n\n\n4. Owners/users of apartments and other premises shall not be obliged to pay expenses where they are incurred without their consent and are not related to compulsory requirements for the use and maintenance of construction works established by laws and other legal acts, or where there is no decision by a meeting of owners of apartments and other premises as established in Articles 4.84 and 4.85 of this Code.\n\n\n5. Owners/users of apartments and other premises must allow authorised persons to repair and otherwise tend to the mechanical, electric, technical and other equipment of common use that is located in their apartments or other premises."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "6. Owners of apartments and other premises shall be entitled to income received from common-use objects, in proportion to their share of property held in partial co-ownership."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.84. Administration of property held in partial co-ownership by owners of apartments and other premises where the owners thereof have not established an association or have not concluded a contract on joint activity\n\n\n1. Where owners of apartments and other premises have not established an association of owners of apartments and other premises of a dwelling or have not concluded a contract on joint activity, as well as where the association has been liquidated or the contract on joint activity has been terminated, an administrator of common-use objects shall be appointed.   \n\n\n2. The decision on determining the administrator of common-use objects shall be taken by the owners of apartments and other premises, and the administrator of their choice shall be appointed by the executive institution of a municipality. If the owners of apartments and other premises fail to select an administrator, the decision on the appointment of the administrator shall be taken by the executive institution of a municipality. The procedure for selecting and appointing the administrator of common-use objects shall be established by the Government.\n\n\n3. A written vote of owners of apartments and other premises shall be held or a meeting concerning the selection of the administrator of common-use objects shall be convened by the executive institution of a municipality in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 4.85 of this Code."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4. The executive institution of a municipality shall appoint the administrator of common-use objects for a term of five years. Six months before the expiry of this time limit, the procedure provided for in paragraph 3 of this Article shall be initiated if at least 1/5 of the owners of apartments and other premises of a multi-apartment dwelling express their request in writing to address anew the issue of appointment of a new administrator of common-use objects or if the executive institution of a municipality receives justified complaints of residents of the multi-apartment dwelling regarding the activities of the administrator. In the absence of such a request and complaints, the appointment of the administrator of common-use objects for the given multi-apartment dwelling shall be extended for the next five-year period. In all cases, owners of apartments and other premises shall have the right to adopt, by a majority vote, a decision to change the administrator of common-use objects before the expiry of the five-year period.\n\n\n5. The administrator of common-use objects shall administer the property on the grounds laid down in Article 4.240 of this Code. Administrators of common-use objects shall publish information on their activities in accordance with the procedure and to the extent prescribed by the Government or an institution authorised by it.\n\n\n6. Civil liability of administrators of common-use objects for damage caused to natural and legal persons in the performance of administrative functions shall be covered by insurance against civil liability."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 9bc1856a-701b-4cb4-9280-5f0c02169b02
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "7. Suppliers of heat, electricity, gas and drinking water, persons providing waste transportation services and services of constant maintenance of lifts (with the exception of houses without lifts), where they are operating in the territory of the same municipality, as well as other persons directly or indirectly related to the listed persons within the meaning of the Law on Competition may not be administrators of common-use objects. This prohibition shall not apply to the administrator of common-use objects when administering the property located in a residential area which, based on the data of Statistics Lithuania, has less than 100 000 residents unless the municipal council decides otherwise.\n\n\n8. The administrator of common-use objects shall administer the common-use objects in accordance with the regulations approved by the Government.\n\n\n9. The procedure for calculating the maximum fee for the administration of common-use objects shall be established by the municipal council. The expenses of administration shall be covered by owners of apartments and other premises in proportion to their share of property held in partial co-ownership.\n\n\n10. Administration shall be terminated on the grounds specified in Article 4.250 of this Code, as well as upon registration of the statutes of an association of owners of apartments and other premises of a dwelling, or upon conclusion of a contract on joint activity.    \n\n\n11. The rules stipulated in Chapter XIV of this Book shall apply mutatis mutandis to the activities of the administrator."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 2278d308-4a9d-4dcf-bd1d-7df4b33e991c
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "11. The rules stipulated in Chapter XIV of this Book shall apply mutatis mutandis to the activities of the administrator.\n\n\n12. The provisions of paragraphs 5 and 6 of this Article shall also apply mutatis mutandis to administrators of common-use objects operating under agreements on the administration of common-use objects concluded with the association of owners of apartments and other premises of a multi-apartment dwelling or with parties to the contract on joint activity of owners of apartments and other premises."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.85. Exercise of the right of partial co-ownership of owners of apartments and other premises\n\n\n1. Decisions on the possession and use of common-use objects, as well as on matters pertaining to the creation and disposal of new common-use objects, shall be taken by a majority vote of the owners of apartments and other premises unless the laws provide otherwise.  Each owner of an apartment or other premises shall have one vote. If an apartment or other premises are owned by several owners, they shall be represented, by agreement between them, by one person, who shall have one vote.\n\n\n2. If the meeting of owners of apartments and other premises, convened in accordance with the procedure laid down in this Article, fails to assemble the number of owners of apartments and other premises sufficient to take a decision, decisions shall be taken at a repeat meeting, convened on the same agenda not earlier than two weeks after the failed meeting, by a majority vote of the members present at the meeting, but not less than 1/4 of the votes of all the owners of apartments and other premises, with the exception of decisions on borrowing of funds, matters pertaining to the creation and disposal of new common-use objects, and other decisions stipulated by laws which require a majority of votes of the owners of apartments and other premises to be deemed adopted."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. Decisions on the possession and use of individual common-use objects which, on the basis of the inventory of common-use objects drawn up by the association of owners of apartments and other premises, parties to the contract on joint activity or the administrator of common-use objects, are used to satisfy the needs of only the owners of apartments and other premises located in a separate part of a dwelling, without prejudice to the rights of all the owners of apartments and other premises of the dwelling and the decisions adopted by the meeting of owners of apartments and other premises or by written vote of owners of apartments and other premises, may be taken by a majority vote of the owners of apartments and other premises of that separate part of the dwelling, unless the laws provide otherwise, and shall be binding on the owners thereof.  The meeting of the owners of apartments and other premises located in the separate part of the dwelling shall be convened in accordance with the procedure specified in paragraphs 4 and 5 of this Article.\n\n\n4. Decisions of owners of apartments and other premises shall be taken at the meeting of owners of apartments and other premises. The convocation of the meeting and the agenda thereof shall be notified to the owners, in accordance with the procedure established by the Government or an institution authorised by it, two weeks before the meeting takes place."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "5. Meetings of owners of apartments and other premises shall be convened by the board/chair of the association of owners of apartments and other premises of a dwelling or a person delegated by the parties to the contract on joint activity of owners of apartments and other premises, or by an administrator of property held in partial co-ownership by owners of apartments and other premises, or by the executive institution of a municipality. The convocation of a meeting may also be requested in writing by no less than 1/4 of the owners of apartments and other premises. If the entities referred to in this paragraph fail to convene a meeting within one month from the day of filing of the request, the meeting shall be convened by 1/4 of the owners of apartments and other premises.\n\n\n6. Decisions by owners of apartments and other premises (or of a part thereof) shall be announced in accordance with the procedure established by the Government or an institution authorised by it and shall be binding on all owners of the apartments and other premises (or of the part thereof) as well as on the owners who have acquired ownership rights to the apartments and other premises after such decisions have been taken. Such decisions cannot limit the rights and legitimate interests of the owners of apartments and other premises and third persons, except in cases provided for in this Code and other laws."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "7. Decisions of owners of apartments and other premises may be taken without a meeting being convened provided the owners have given written notice of their decision. The requirements for a quorum and the number of votes necessary for taking of a decision, as laid down in this Article, shall apply to voting in writing. The procedure for voting in writing shall be established by the Government or an institution authorised by it.\n\n\n8. The manager of common-use objects of a dwelling (the association of owners of apartments and other premises, a person authorised by the contract on joint activity, or the administrator of common-use objects), representing the owners of apartments and other premises, shall implement the decisions and instructions related to co-owned property, adopted by the owners of apartments and other premises in accordance with the procedure established in this Article.\n\n\n9. The right of an owner of an apartment or other premises to appeal against the decisions of owners of apartments and other premises adopted in accordance with the procedure established in this Article shall be subject to a limitation period of six months."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.86. Rights and obligations of co-owners in using and maintaining property held in joint co-ownership\n\n\n1. Co-owners shall have equal rights to income obtained from a co-owned thing (property), shall be liable towards third persons in respect of the obligations pertaining to the co-owned thing (property), and must jointly pay the expenses arising from the maintenance and preservation of the thing, as well as taxes, dues and other fees unless they have agreed otherwise or the law provides otherwise.\n\n\n2. The right of joint co-ownership may arise only in cases established by law.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.87. Change of rights of co-owners upon increasing jointly co-owned property\n\nIf a co-owner increases the co-owned thing or the value thereof in keeping with the rules established by law, all co-owners shall acquire equal rights of joint co-ownership to the increased thing or value thereof."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.88. Right of a co-owner to transfer or encumber the right to his share of the thing held in joint co-ownership\n\n\n1. A thing (property) which is an object of the right of joint co-ownership shall be possessed, used and disposed of only with the consent of co-owners.\n\n\n2. The consent of co-owners shall be required in cases where an immovable thing is transferred to the ownership of another person, where the thing is leased or transferred for use in some other way, where the thing is pledged or the rights thereto are otherwise encumbered.  Where a co-owner is a minor, the consent may be given on his behalf by his parents, guardians or curators.\n\n\n3. A co-owner shall have no right to transfer to the ownership of another person his share of the thing held in joint co-ownership until the share has been established in the co-owned thing (property), except in cases where the thing (property) is inherited and in other cases established by law."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.89. Establishing of the share of the property held by a co-owner in joint co-ownership\n\n\n1. The share of the property held by a co-owner in joint co-ownership shall be established upon request of the co-owner or upon expiration of legal relations arising from the joint co-ownership, or when the share of the co-owner is recovered in respect of his personal obligations if the rest of the property owned by such person, except for the things held in joint co-ownership, is not sufficient to satisfy the claims of the creditors.\n\n\n2. The size of the share of the property held by a co-owner in joint co-ownership shall be established by agreement between the co-owners. In the event of failure to reach such agreement, the matter shall be settled in court.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.90. Partitioning of property held in joint co-ownership\n\n\n1. Each co-owner shall have the right to request the partitioning of his share from the property held in joint co-ownership.\n\n\n2. In the event of a dispute regarding the mode of partitioning, the thing shall be partitioned in kind, based on an action brought by an alienating co-owner. The partitioning shall be done without, as far as possible, disproportionate damage to the intended purpose of the thing; otherwise, the alienating co-owner shall receive monetary compensation.\n\n\n3. The creditor of a co-owner shall have the right to submit a claim regarding the partitioning of the share of the co-owner and the recovery of the share thereof."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.91. Recovery against the property held in joint co-ownership\n\n\n1. Recovery proceedings against one of the co-owners, based on the transactions concluded by him, shall apply to the entire property held in joint co-ownership unless the circumstances indicate that the transactions were concluded in the personal interest of the co-owner entering into the transactions and unless the laws provide otherwise.\n\n\n2. Damages incurred due to a crime committed by a co-owner may be recovered against the property held in joint co-ownership if the court rules that the thing constituting the object of the right of joint co-ownership has been acquired from the proceeds of crime or that the thing or the value thereof has increased due to such proceeds.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.92. Right of joint co-ownership to community property of spouses\n\n\n1. The right of joint co-ownership to community property of spouses shall be established by the rules stipulated in Book Three of this Code.\n\n\n2. Provided no agreement has been reached on the matter and Book Three of this Code does not stipulate otherwise, community property held in joint co-ownership by spouses shall also include agricultural implements acquired from the joint funds of the spouses.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION FIVE\n\nPROTECTION AND DEFENCE OF OWNER\u2019S RIGHTS"}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "SECTION FIVE\n\nPROTECTION AND DEFENCE OF OWNER\u2019S RIGHTS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.93. Protection of owner\u2019s rights\n\n\n1. The Republic of Lithuania shall guarantee equal protection of rights of all owners.\n\n\n2. No one shall have the right to:\n\n\n1) take property by force, with the exception of cases established by law;\n\n\n2) require an owner, against his will, to join his property with that of another owner.\n\n\n3. Property may be taken from an owner against his will and without recompense only by a court judgment or verdict.\n\n\n4. Property may be taken for public needs only upon just recompense.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.94. Temporary use of a thing against the will of the owner\n\n\n1. A thing may be used temporarily for public needs against the will of the owner in cases established by laws.\n\n\n2. The owner shall be indemnified for the expenses incurred as well as the damage caused by the temporary use of a thing referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.95. Owner\u2019s right to reclaim a thing from another\u2019s illegal possession\n\nThe owner shall have the right to reclaim his thing from another\u2019s illegal possession."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.96. Reclaiming of a thing from an acquirer in good faith\n\n\n1. If a movable thing was acquired upon payment from a person who had no  right to transfer its ownership, and the acquirer was not aware nor ought to have been aware of this (acquirer in good faith), the owner shall have the right to reclaim the thing from the acquirer only if the thing has been lost by or stolen from the owner or a person to whom the owner had given it in possession, or if it has otherwise ceased to be in their possession against their volition. The owner may bring these claims within three years from the moment of the loss of the thing.\n\n\n2. An immovable thing may not be reclaimed from an acquirer in good faith, with the exception of cases where the owner had lost such thing due to a crime committed by other persons.\n\n\n3. If a thing was acquired gratuitously from a person who had no right to transfer its ownership, the owner shall have the right to reclaim the thing in all cases. This rule shall apply to both movable and immovable things.\n\n\n4. This Article shall not apply in cases where things are sold or otherwise transferred in compliance with the procedure for the enforcement of court judgments."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.97. Payments in returning a thing illegally possessed\n\n\n1. In reclaiming a thing as stipulated in Article 4.95 of this Code, the owner shall have the right to demand restitution of or recompense for all income which the person who was aware or ought to have been aware that his possession was illegal (possessor in bad faith) received or had to receive during the entire period of possession, or demand restitution of or recompense for all income which an illegal possessor in good faith received or had to receive from the time he became aware or ought to have become aware that the possession was illegal or became aware of the initiation of a civil action regarding the restitution of the thing. \n\n\n2. The illegal possessor in bad faith shall, in his turn, have the right to claim from the owner the necessary expenses incurred by him in relation to the thing from the moment the owner is entitled to receive income from such thing.\n\n\n3. The illegal possessor in good faith shall have the right to claim from the owner recompense for all the necessary expenses incurred by him in relation to the thing that have not been covered by the income received from the thing."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4. The illegal possessor in good faith shall have the right to keep the parts that have been added to ameliorate the thing, provided the parts thereof can be partitioned without causing damage to the thing. If the parts added as amelioration cannot be partitioned or the thing was ameliorated in a different mode, the illegal possessor in good faith shall have the right to claim recompense for expenses arising from such amelioration, but not greater than the increase in the value of the thing."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: de181ed4-1279-4f73-86fc-f3148231b204
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.98. Defence of the right of ownership against violations unrelated to loss of possession\n\nThe owner may demand elimination of all violations of his right, even if unrelated to loss of possession.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.99. Defence of the rights of owners of land parcels against possible violations unrelated to loss of possession\n\nThe owner of a land parcel shall have the right to require that no new construction works be built or that the existing construction works be rebuilt, reconstructed or even maintained unchanged on neighbouring land parcels if a plausible assumption can be made that construction of such new construction works or change of the existing ones or even their existence and use without any changes made will make a negative impermissible impact on his land parcel or the buildings on his land parcel will lose stability."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.100. Expropriation of property for public needs\n\n\n1. A thing or other property belonging to a person as private ownership may be expropriated for public needs only in exceptional cases and only in accordance with the procedure established by law.\n\n\n2. In cases provided for in paragraph 1 of this Article, the owner of a thing (property) shall be compensated in money for the value of the thing (property) thereof at market prices, or, upon agreement between the parties, by transfer of another thing (property).\n\n\n3. All matters pertaining to the legality of expropriation of property as well as disputes concerning its value and losses incurred due to such expropriation shall be decided by court in accordance with the procedure established by laws.\n\n\n4. The right of ownership to a movable thing (property) claimed for public needs shall pass to the State as of the moment of payment for the thing (property) to the owner, except where the laws provide otherwise. The right of ownership to an immovable thing claimed for public needs shall pass to the State as of the moment of registering the immovable thing in a public register; however, such thing may be registered in the public register as state property only after the payment to the owner of such an immovable thing has been effectuated, except where the laws provide otherwise."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.101. Protection of the ownership rights of persons whose land parcels held in their ownership and carrying construction works thereon are claimed for public needs\n\n\n1. If a land parcel claimed for public needs belongs to a person as property held in his ownership and has construction works on it, such person must be recompensed, in money at market prices, for the land parcel, the construction works which are being built or are already built thereon and belong to such person as his property, as well as for the plants thereon.\n\n\n2. The value of a land parcel, the construction works and plants thereon, the terms and conditions of their expropriation, and the losses incurred by the owner due to the expropriation thereof shall be established by a contract between the future user of the land parcel and the owner of the land parcel and the construction works and plants thereon unless the laws provide otherwise.\n\n\n3. Disputes regarding the expropriation of land parcels, construction works and plants thereon, their value and losses incurred by the owner due to the expropriation thereof shall be decided by court."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.102. Protection of the ownership rights of persons who use land parcels for building purposes without owning them when such land parcels are claimed for public needs\n\n\n1. If a land parcel that is used for building purposes without owning such land is claimed for public needs, such persons must be recompensed, in money at market prices, for the construction works being built or already built on the land parcel which are held in their ownership as well as for the plants thereon.\n\n\n2. The new user of the land parcel must pay for all the losses the owner of the construction works and plants thereon incurs due to the expropriation of the land parcel, with the exception of the losses that arise due to illegal actions by the owner of the construction works and plants thereon.\n\n\n3. The value of a land parcel, construction works and plants thereon, the terms and conditions of their expropriation, and the losses incurred due to the expropriation thereof shall be established by a contract between the new user of the land parcel and the owner of the construction works thereon.\n\n\n4. Disputes regarding the value of construction works and plants, the terms and conditions of their expropriation, and the losses incurred due to the expropriation thereof shall be decided by court."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.103. Civil legal consequences of illegal construction\n\n\n1. If a construction works (a part thereof) has been built or is being built without authorisation or with authorisation but in violation of the solutions of the design documentation of the construction works or in violation of the requirements of legal acts, it shall be prohibited to use or dispose of (sell, donate, lease, etc.) such construction works (a part thereof). Laws shall define which construction works (a part thereof) has been built or is being built without authorisation.\n\n\n2. Persons whose rights and interests are violated and other persons authorised by law shall have the right to apply to court regarding the violations referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article.\n\n\n3. Matters pertaining to the elimination of the consequences of the construction which violates the requirements of legal acts shall be decided by court in accordance with the procedure established by laws."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.104. Consequences of the loss of the right to use a land parcel\n\n\n1. When a contract that gave a person the right to use, for an indefinite period, or lease a land parcel is declared null and void by a court decision due to intentional acts by the user or the lessee or is terminated due to intentional significant violations of the order of use of the land parcel, the person may relocate the construction works being built or already built on the land parcel and held as property in his ownership. If all or some of the construction works (parts thereof) cannot be relocated, such remaining objects shall be demolished or shall, by agreement between the owner of the land parcel and the owner of the construction works, be transferred to the ownership of the owner of the land parcel, or shall, upon the consent of the owner of the land parcel, be transferred to a third person.\n\n\n2. Disputes regarding relocation, demolition or transfer of the ownership of construction works to the owner of the land parcel or to a third person shall be decided by court."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.105. Consequences of the loss of the right to a land parcel\n\n\n1. A person who has lost the right to a land parcel by a court judgment shall be recompensed for the value of the construction works built on the land parcel and held as property in his ownership, provided he is not granted the right to use such land parcel in any other lawful way (by establishing land servitude, etc.).\n\n\n2. If the transaction on the basis of which the land parcel has been used is declared null and void by the court through no fault of the owner of the construction works, such owner shall be recompensed in accordance with the procedure and on the terms established in Article 4.102 of this Code from funds of the owner of the land parcel. \n\n\n3. If the transaction on the basis of which the land parcel has been used is declared null and void by the court due to the fault of the owner of the construction works, without granting the owner of the construction works the right to use the land parcel in any other lawful way (by establishing land servitude, etc.), the owner of the construction works may relocate such construction works. When it is impossible to relocate all or some of the construction works (parts thereof), the items failing relocation may, upon the consent of the owner of the land parcel, be transferred to a third person or may, by agreement between the owner of the land parcel and the owner of the construction works, be transferred to the owner of the land parcel, or may be demolished."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: ef4b1706-9903-483e-bb6d-2bb900414f86
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4. In cases provided for in paragraph 3 of this Article, the construction works shall be relocated or demolished at the expense of their owner, the construction materials remaining after the demolition shall be property of the owner of the construction works, and all the losses incurred due to the illegal use and possession of the land parcel must be compensated for by the owner of the construction works.\n\n\n5. Disputes regarding relocation, demolition or transfer of the ownership of construction works to the owner of the land parcel or to a third person shall be decided by court."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 8c9c9f11-a492-4a6d-bbb6-205fe4ad9283
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "CHAPTER VI\n\nRIGHT OF TRUST OF PROPERTY\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.106. Definition and purpose of the right of trust of property\n\n\n1. The right of trust of property shall be the right of the trustee to possess, use and dispose of property in accordance with the procedure and under the conditions defined by the trustor.\n\n\n2. The right of trust shall be established for personal purposes, for private or public benefit. \n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.107. Subjects of the right of trust of property\n\n\n1. The subjects of the right of trust of property (trustees) in the Republic of Lithuania shall include state or municipal enterprises, agencies and organisations, as well as other legal and natural persons.\n\n\n2. The trustor or several trustors may appoint one or several trustees and establish the procedure for their appointment and replacement.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.108. Grounds for the emergence of the right of trust of property\n\nThe right of trust of property may originate from the law, administrative act, contract, will, or court judgment."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 191edccd-ea48-4611-995d-c810502508aa
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.109. Content of the right of trust of property\n\n\n1. State or municipal enterprises, agencies and organisations shall possess and use the property entrusted to them respectively by the State or municipality and dispose of it in accordance with the procedure and upon the terms and conditions established in their statutes (regulations), as well as legal acts governing the activities of state or municipal enterprises, agencies and organisations, without violating the law and the rights and interests of other persons.\n\n\n2. Other legal and natural persons shall possess and use the property entrusted to them by the trustor and dispose of it to the extent, in accordance with the procedure and upon the terms and conditions established in an agreement, will, court judgment or law outlining the transfer of property by the right of trust.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.110. Defence of the right of trust of property\n\nIn defending the property in possession, the subject of the right of trust of property shall enjoy the rights established in Articles 4.95 to 4.99 of this Code.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER VII\n\nSERVITUDE\n\n \n\n\nSECTION ONE\n\nGENERAL PROVISIONS"}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 1184d8d9-5b71-4edf-90f4-2d0f54ec6cb4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "CHAPTER VII\n\nSERVITUDE\n\n \n\n\nSECTION ONE\n\nGENERAL PROVISIONS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.111. Concept of a servitude\n\n\n1. A servitude shall mean a right in respect of an immovable thing of another\u2019s that is granted for the use of that thing (the servient thing) or a restriction of the right of the owner of that thing in order to ensure proper utilisation of the thing in favour of which the servitude is established (the dominant thing).\n\n\n2. When the subject of the right of ownership of the servient thing or the dominant thing changes, the established servitude shall remain due."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 18cd3c25-ea32-4196-8334-253d1aa6bf3b
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.112. Content of a servitude\n\n\n1. A servitude shall grant the servitude holder definite rights of use of a definite thing of another\u2019s or withdraw from the owner of the servient thing definite rights of use of the thing.\n\n\n2. Where there are doubts regarding the content of a servitude and where possibilities to determine it precisely are lacking, it shall be presumed to be the least.\n\n\n3. If, at the time of establishment of a servitude or subsequently, the content of the servitude was not definitely determined, it shall be conditioned by the needs of use of the dominant thing in accordance with its intended purpose.\n\n\n4. The establishment of a servitude shall not deny the owner of the servient thing the rights of use of the thing constituting the content of the servitude, provided the exercise of the rights thereof does not interfere with the established servitude.\n\n\n5. The owner of the servient or the dominant thing shall have the right to apply to court and request that the content of the servitude be modified or that the servitude be cancelled where the circumstances change substantially or unforeseen circumstances arise whereby it is impossible to exercise the rights granted by the servitude or the exercise becomes very complicated."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: cf595042-210c-4a5c-9c9d-e0574b6f0c9f
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metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.113. Exercise of servitude rights\n\n\n1. Rights granted by a servitude must be exercised in accordance with their intended purpose to minimise inconvenience to the owner of the servient thing.\n\n\n2. While exercising the rights granted by a servitude, the servitude holder must not violate the rights of other owners.\n\n\n3. In establishing a servitude, the obligation to build construction works, to plant plants or perform other works that are necessary for the exercise of servitude rights may be imposed.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.114. Obligation of the servitude holder to properly maintain the servient thing\n\n\n1. If, in order to exercise in a normal way the rights granted by a servitude, it is necessary to repair or otherwise properly maintain the servient thing, the servitude holder must carry out all such tasks in a proper and timely manner unless the contract provides otherwise.\n\n\n2. In cases where the owner of the servient thing himself also exercises the rights constituting the content of the servitude, the obligation to properly maintain the servient thing shall be borne by both subjects in proportion to their use of the thing unless the contract provides otherwise.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.115. Validity of the servitude when the servient thing is divided\n\nWhere the servient thing is divided, the previously established servitude shall remain due for all parts of the servient thing except when, at the time of division, the servitude was valid or was established exclusively in respect of a definite part of the servient thing."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 36b2726f-3463-4563-a586-6324dacf5555
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.116. Validity of the servitude when the dominant thing is divided\n\n\n1. Where the dominant thing is divided, the previously established servitude shall remain due for all parts of the dominant thing except when, at the time of division, the servitude was valid or was established exclusively in respect of a definite part of the dominant thing.\n\n\n2. The division of the dominant thing may not further encumber the servient thing (in case of a servitude of the right of way, all owners of the divided dominant thing must use the same way in respect of which the servitude was established).\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.117. Servitude of the right of way\n\nBy a servitude of the right of way, the right to use a footpath, a road for land vehicles, and a path to drive cattle may be established.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.118. Servitude of the right of way granting the right to use a footpath\n\n\n1. When the right to use a footpath is granted by a servitude of the right of way without determining any additional possibility to use the footpath for any other purposes and without determining any restrictions on its use, it shall be deemed that such footpath may be used by pedestrians, bicycles without engines and cattle led on a leash.\n\n\n2. If, in establishing a servitude of the right of way that grants the right to use a footpath, the width of the path is not defined and it is not possible to define the width based on the previous footpath, if such a footpath existed, it shall be considered that it is possible to use a one-meter footpath."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 829c97c1-6174-4c12-adca-26c5570ec24c
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.119. Servitude of the right of way granting the right to use a road for driving vehicles\n\n\n1. When the right to use a road for driving vehicles is granted by a servitude of the right of way without determining any additional possibility to use the road for any other purposes and without determining any restrictions on its use, it shall be considered that it is possible to use it for driving various vehicles and use it as a footpath.\n\n\n2. If, when establishing a servitude of the right of way that grants the right to use a road for driving vehicles, the width of the road is not defined and it is not possible to define the width based on the previous road, if such a road existed, it shall be considered that it is possible to use a four-meter road. In cases where it is likely that such a road may be used for driving specialised vehicles of big dimensions, the owner of the land plot in respect of which the servitude of the right of way, granting the right to use the road for driving vehicles, was established shall have no right to plant bushes or trees within three meters of the sides of the road."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 343de50b-0977-4da8-92e4-ad30e7b2fd71
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.120. Servitude of the right of way granting the right to use a road/path to drive cattle\n\n\n1. When a servitude of the right of way grants the right to use a road/path to drive cattle without determining any additional possibility to use it for any other purposes and without determining any restrictions on its use, it shall be considered that such a road/path may only be used to drive cattle and the servitude holder may use it as a footpath.    \n\n\n2. The right to use a road/path to drive cattle granted by a servitude of the right of way shall not confer the right to graze cattle by the roadside or on the path and alongside it.\n\n\n3. If, in establishing a servitude of the right of way that grants the right to use a road/path to drive cattle, the width of the road/path is not defined and it is not possible to define the width based on the previous road/path, if such a road/path existed, it shall be considered that it is possible to use a four-meter road/path."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: fbcf527a-b47e-471f-8132-1bb6182f2647
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.121. Determination of the location and direction of the road/path\n\nWhen a servitude of the right of way grants the right to use a footpath, a road for land vehicles or a path to drive cattle without defining the location and direction of the road/path, it shall be considered that the right of use is granted in respect of the existing road/path or, where such a road does not exist, the previous road/path, or, if the latter did not exist or it is not possible to determine its location and direction, the owner of the thing shall have the right to choose the location and direction of the road/path by adhering, if possible, to the principle that the location to be chosen meets as far as possible the road/path requirements. \n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.122. Servitude of construction works\n\nA servitude established in respect of construction works may grant the right to lean the dominant construction works against or attach it to the servient thing, to infix hooks or other fastenings into the wall (construction) of the servient construction works and use them, to construct and erect parts of construction works suspended over the servient plot of land or construction works, to forbid the owner of the servient plot of land to build construction works that obstruct the light or the existing view, as well as to perform other acts that are not prohibited by law or to require that the owner of the servient thing refrain from the execution of definite acts."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 2e0ffae1-e53d-41ce-987b-51df012f4a70
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.123. Other servitudes\n\nServitudes granting the right to lay down underground or aboveground communications and maintain and use them, as well as other servitudes, may be established.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION TWO\n\nESTABLISHMENT OF A SERVITUDE\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.124. Grounds and time for the establishment of a servitude\n\n\n1. A servitude may be established by laws, transactions and by a court judgment. In cases stipulated by laws, a servitude may be established by an administrative act.\n\n\n2. Rights and obligations arising from a servitude in respect of subjects shall become effective only after the registration of the servitude, except where the servitude is established by laws.\n\n\n3. In establishing servitudes, in all cases the will of the owner of the thing to become the dominant thing must be present, except where a servitude is established by laws or by a court judgment.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.125. Establishment of a servitude by transactions\n\nOnly the owner of the thing to become the servient thing shall have the right to establish servitudes by transactions.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.126. Establishment of a servitude by a court judgment\n\n\n1. A servitude shall be established by a court judgment when owners fail to come to a mutual agreement, whereas without the establishment of a servitude it would be not possible to use the thing for its intended purpose at reasonable costs.\n\n\n2. The owner or the possessor of the thing may apply to court for the establishment of a servitude by a court judgment."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: d7af079b-5463-4976-bf53-563f91a15a44
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.127. Restrictions on the establishment of a servitude\n\n\n1. It shall be allowed to establish a new servitude in respect of the servient thing provided that the previously established servitude is not violated thereby.\n\n\n2. It shall be allowed to establish a servitude in respect of an immovable thing subject to mortgage only with the consent of all creditors, with the exception of cases where the servitude is established by laws, an administrative act or a court judgment."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 4532b736-e219-4f34-b3f9-7a2a5b4a0740
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.128. Things in respect of which a servitude may be established\n\n\n1. A servitude may be established in respect of an immovable thing which, by its permanent characteristics, may ensure proper usage of the dominant thing for an indefinite period.\n\n\n2. Having established the servitude, things becoming servient and dominant need not necessarily have a common border.  Above all, due to the established servitude the thing becoming servient should, by its permanent characteristics, provide the thing becoming dominant the permanent benefit sought by the establishment of the servitude.\n\n\n3. If, at the time of the establishment of a servitude, a definite part of the thing in respect of which the servitude is established was not determined, it shall be considered that the servitude was established in respect of the entire thing. However, when in accordance with the rights of use granted by the servitude in respect of the servient thing it is possible to use equally well both the entire thing and a part thereof and whereby the proper usage of the dominant thing is ensured, the owner of the servient thing shall have the right to determine the part of the thing where the rights established by the servitude may be used. \n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.129. Compensation for damages incurred due to the establishment of a servitude\n\nDamages incurred due to the establishment of a servitude shall be compensated in accordance with the procedure established by laws. The obligation of the owner of the dominant thing to pay a lump sum or instalments to the owner of the servient thing may be established by laws, contracts, a court judgment or an administrative act."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: cef44fb5-5bbd-4564-a69c-e1931e4599ba
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "SECTION THREE\n\nEXTINCTION OF A SERVITUDE\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.130. Grounds and time for the extinction of a servitude\n\n\n1. A servitude shall be extinguished:\n\n\n1) by renunciation;\n\n\n2) by the union of the qualities of the owner of the servient and the dominant thing in one person;\n\n\n3) by destruction of the servient or the dominant thing;\n\n\n4) by deterioration of the condition of the servient thing;\n\n\n5) by the end of necessity of the servitude;\n\n\n6) by prescription.\n\n\n2. A servitude may be extinguished only on the grounds laid down in paragraph 1 of this Article.\n\n\n3. The time of de-registration of the servitude shall be deemed to be the moment of extinction of the servitude, except for cases provided for in points 2 and 3 of paragraph 1 of this Article.\n\n\n4. The owner of the servient or the dominant thing may apply to the public register for the extinction of the servitude."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: cfb7bdce-86b0-41e6-a3a0-bf1f987d518b
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.131. Renunciation of a servitude\n\n\n1. The owner of the dominant thing may only renounce the existing servitude for the benefit of the owner of the servient thing.  \n\n\n2. When a servitude grants several rights of use in respect of one and the same thing, it shall be possible to renounce only some of the rights.\n\n\n3. When the dominant thing belongs to several owners, the renunciation of the servitude shall become effective only upon the joint consent of all persons.\n\n\n4. The renunciation of an existing servitude must be done in writing.\n\n\n5. The owner of the dominant thing must notify the owner of the servient thing about the renunciation of the servitude no later than six months in advance; the owner of the dominant thing must also compensate for the damage incurred due to the termination of the servitude to the owner of the servient thing.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.132. Extinction of a servitude by the union of the qualities of the owner of the servient and the dominant thing in one person\n\n\n1. A servitude shall extinguish only when the same person becomes the owner of both the entire dominant and the entire servient thing.\n\n\n2. If the same person becomes the owner of only a part of the dominant and the servient thing, the servitude shall remain in effect for the rest of the thing.\n\n\n3. When the servient thing belongs to several persons, a servitude shall extinguish only when all owners of the servient thing acquire the dominant thing by the right of ownership."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 184e280e-0284-47a3-924a-f53b050e83bf
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.133. Extinction of a servitude by destruction of the servient or the dominant thing  \n\nA servitude shall extinguish when the dominant or the servient thing is destroyed.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.134. Extinction of a servitude by deterioration of the condition of the servient thing\n\n\n1. If the servient thing deteriorates to the extent that it can no longer perform the functions of a servient thing, the servitude shall also extinguish.    \n\n\n2. The servitude that extinguished due to deterioration of the servient thing shall be renewed if the thing regains properties whereby it may again perform the functions of a servient thing. In this case, it shall be irrelevant even if, within the period of time during which the deteriorated thing could not perform the functions of a servient thing, the servitude would have been extinguished by prescription.\n\n\n3. The owner of the servient thing and the owner of the dominant thing shall mutually agree on the extinction or renewal of the servitude. In case of a dispute, the court shall adopt a judgment."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: d58d2bfe-6387-472b-a29d-4b48d466b9c6
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.135. Extinction of a servitude by the end of necessity of the servitude\n\n\n1. When circumstances change to such an extent that the dominant thing may be properly used without using the servient thing, the rights of the owner of the servient thing to use this thing shall not be restricted and the servitude shall extinguish by agreement between the owner of the servient thing and the owner of the dominant thing.\n\n\n2. In the event of failure by the owner of the servient thing and the owner of the dominant thing to reach an agreement, the court shall adopt a judgment on the extinction of the servitude."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 301b14ab-9c2d-4135-994a-7ef5291c254e
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.136. Extinction of a servitude by prescription\n\n\n1. A servitude shall extinguish by prescription if the person entitled thereto has not voluntarily, within a period of ten years, himself or through other persons used the rights granted by the servitude. \n\n\n2. A time period during which the rights granted by a servitude have not been used, whether due to force majeure or to impediments created by the owner or the possessor of the servient thing, shall not be included into the prescriptive period.\n\n\n3. If the servitude holder has exercised the rights granted by a servitude within a period of ten years only in respect of a part of the servient thing, the servitude in respect of the rest of the servient thing shall extinguish. \n\n\n4. A servitude may not extinguish by prescription if at least a part of the rights granted by the servitude have been used.\n\n\n5. When the time period of prescription elapses, the servitude of the right of way granting the right to use a road or a path leading to a cemetery may not extinguish.\n\n\n6. A judgment on the extinction of a servitude by prescription shall be adopted by the court."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 6788bac1-a058-4975-adbd-2ccc611b1b8d
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.137. Extinction of a servitude of construction works by prescription\n\nA servitude of construction works shall extinguish by prescription only when the owner of the dominant thing, either himself or through other persons, has failed to use the rights granted by the servitude within a time period of ten years and has done something to the servient thing that is incompatible with the use of the rights granted by the servitude.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.138. Right of the servitude holder to claim compensation for damages\n\nIf the owner or the possessor of the servient thing impedes the servitude holder\u2019s exercise of rights granted by the servitude, the servitude holder shall have the right to claim compensation for damages arising from such an impediment."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 3365a32d-f481-45fe-99cb-e19c800b46cb
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.139. Defence of the rights of the owner of the servient thing\n\n\n1. If the servitude holder fails to properly exercise the rights of use of the servient thing granted by the servitude and thereby violates the rights of the owner of the servient thing, the owner of the servient thing shall have the right to request the elimination of any violations, even those not related to the loss of possession.\n\n\n2. In cases where the servitude restricts the right to a part of the thing, the owner of the servient thing shall have the right to request the substitution of the part of the thing in respect of which the right is restricted by the servitude by another part of the thing, provided such a substitution assists the owner of the servient thing in avoiding excessive losses arising from the servitude.\n\n\n3. Following the extinction of the servitude, the servitude holder, provided the owner of the servient thing requests so, must restore the thing to its original state that existed before the establishment of the servitude. The servitude holder may not be requested to eliminate alterations of the thing that appeared irrespectively of the existence of the servitude unless the laws or the contract provide otherwise."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 7769b526-28bf-4c5f-8de8-101d72320d26
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.140. Liability in respect of property obligations arising from a servitude\n\n\n1. If the servient or the dominant thing belongs, by the right of ownership, to several owners, they shall be jointly and severally liable in respect of property obligations arising from the servitude.\n\n\n2. If the servient or the dominant thing is transferred to another person, the transferor and the transferee of the thing shall be jointly and severally liable in respect of property obligations arising from the servitude before the transfer of the thing.      \n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER VIII\n\nUSUFRUCT\n\n \n\n\nSECTION ONE\n\nGENERAL PROVISIONS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.141. Concept of the usufruct\n\n\n1. Usufruct shall mean the right (the right of the usufructuary) of use and enjoyment, granted for a period of a person\u2019s life or for a certain period that may not be longer than a lifetime of a person, of a thing of another\u2019s and of its fruits, products and revenue.\n\n\n2. Usufruct may be established for the benefit of one or several persons (either jointly or severally)."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 6ce8e0d8-56fd-4eb0-8afc-46bf51a09db7
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.142. Object of the usufruct\n\n\n1. Each non-consumable thing, whether movable or immovable, that is the object of the right of ownership may be the object of the usufruct.\n\n\n2. By acquiring the usufruct in respect of a principal thing, the usufructuary shall also acquire the usufruct in respect of secondary things unless the contract or laws provide otherwise.    \n\n\n3. The object of the usufruct shall be transferred to the usufructuary pursuant to the inventory.\n\n\n4. If the owner of the thing in respect of which the usufruct has been established changes, the usufruct shall remain due."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: c639d752-efbe-4ad0-a169-cea4d4e6430f
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.143. Content of the usufruct\n\n\n1. The usufructuary shall have the right to use the thing as prescribed or, if not prescribed, in accordance with its intended purpose as though he were its diligent owner.\n\n\n2. Fruits, products and revenue produced by the thing while exercising the usufruct shall belong to the usufructuary unless the contract or laws provide otherwise.  \n\n\n3. The content of the usufruct shall be established on a case-by-case basis at the establishment of the usufruct. The subject establishing the usufruct may establish only such rights granted by the usufruct that are in compliance with the usage of the thing in accordance with its intended purpose.\n\n\n4. If the usufruct is established in respect of the thing that is the object of the right of co-ownership, the usufructuary shall enjoy the same rights of possession and use of the thing as though he were its co-owner.\n\n\n5. The usufructuary shall have the right to request the performance of obligations arising from the object of the usufruct and to accept contributions.\n\n\n6. The usufructuary shall have no right to transfer the usufruct to another person; however, he may transfer the right of use to another person. In that event, both subjects shall be jointly and severally liable in respect of their obligations. The period of time for which the right of use of the usufruct is transferred to another person may not be longer than the period of time for which the usufruct is established."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 08959830-d597-47a2-a49e-3841f96f5f30
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "7. The usufructuary shall have no right to remake the object of the usufruct or change it in essence in some other way without the permission of the owner of the object of the usufruct or, in cases stipulated by laws, without a court judgment.\n\n\n8. The usufructuary shall have no rights in respect of a treasure trove found in the object of the usufruct or a part thereof that, pursuant to the law, belongs to the owner of the thing."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 56e9219f-645d-4f86-a56c-f5f55ce0b7a3
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.144. Obligations of the usufructuary\n\n\n1. The usufructuary must maintain and repair the object of the usufruct in so far as it is necessary to ensure its normal condition.\n\n\n2. In proportion to the possessed rights of use of the object of the usufruct and the revenue produced by it, the usufructuary must pay taxes and other fees in respect of the object of the usufruct unless the contract or laws provide otherwise. \n\n\n3. If the object of the usufruct is damaged or broken or it is necessary to perform non-routine improvement and repair works to protect it from unforeseen risks or when third persons assert their rights in respect of the object of the usufruct, the usufructuary must without delay notify the owner.\n\n\n4. In cases specified in the contract, the will or the law, the usufructuary must insure the object of the usufruct. If the usufructuary fails to insure the object of the usufruct, the owner thereof may insure it at the expense of the usufructuary.\n\n\n5. The usufructuary must submit, at his own expense, an annual report to the owner of the object of the usufruct unless otherwise provided in the terms and conditions of use of the usufruct."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 6168db50-c854-4384-aeb4-e73b44e3d059
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.145. Use of the usufruct in respect of land\n\n\n1. The usufructuary shall have no right to fell trees on the land subject to the usufruct, except those which have fallen and died naturally. The usufructuary must replace the destroyed trees unless otherwise provided in the terms and conditions of use of the usufruct.  \n\n\n2. The usufructuary may not extract minerals from the land, with the exception of cases where the extraction of minerals constitutes the purpose of the land use.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.146. Liability of the usufructuary\n\n\n1. The usufructuary shall be liable for the deterioration of the condition of the object of the usufruct resulting from improper use of the usufruct.\n\n\n2. If the usufructuary fails to perform the principal obligations arising from the usufruct, the court may, on the request of the owner of the object of the usufruct, appoint an administrator of the object of the usufruct.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION TWO\n\nESTABLISHMENT OF THE USUFRUCT"}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 1684c97e-673a-4870-9e97-1aba924a19f5
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "SECTION TWO\n\nESTABLISHMENT OF THE USUFRUCT\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.147. Grounds and time for the establishment of the usufruct\n\n\n1. Usufruct may be established by laws, by court judgments in the cases prescribed by laws, and by transactions.\n\n\n2. Rights arising from the usufruct in respect of the thing that must be legally registered and the obligations in respect of subjects shall arise only after the registration of the usufruct, with the exception of cases where the usufruct is established by law.\n\n\n3. The usufruct in respect of a movable thing that is not subject to mandatory legal registration shall begin from the moment of transfer of the thing unless otherwise provided by law (when the usufruct is established by law), by a transaction (when the usufruct is established by a transaction), or by a court judgment (when the usufruct is established by a court judgment).\n\n\n4. At the establishment of the usufruct, the will of the person who becomes the usufructuary must be present, except where the usufruct is established by law.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.148. Establishment of the usufruct by transactions\n\nOnly the owner of the thing himself shall have the right to establish the usufruct by transactions."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 045c6ea1-df05-4486-9091-63c9929d564b
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.149. Restrictions on the establishment of the usufruct\n\nA new usufruct may be established in respect of the things that have already had the usufruct established in respect of them, provided the rights granted by the newly established usufruct do not coincide with the rights previously established by the usufruct and the exercise of the rights granted by the new usufruct will not infringe the rights of the existing usufructuary.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION THREE\n\nEXTINCTION OF THE USUFRUCT"}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 0ef23543-3ba6-481c-9bc2-7ab5c192b66c
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.150. Grounds and time for the extinction of the usufruct\n\n\n1. Usufruct shall be extinguished:\n\n\n1) by renunciation;\n\n\n2) by the death of the usufructuary, by the dissolution of the legal person that is the usufructuary or by the expiry of a term of 30 years from the establishment of the usufruct in respect of the legal person;\n\n\n3) by the expiry of a time period or when a legal fact laid down in the resolutory condition becomes effective;\n\n\n4) when the usufructuary becomes the owner of the object of the usufruct;\n\n\n5) by destruction of the object of the usufruct;\n\n\n6) by deterioration of the condition of the object of the usufruct;\n\n\n7) by prescription;\n\n\n8) by extinguishing the usufruct by a court judgment.\n\n\n2. Usufruct may be extinguished only on the grounds laid down in paragraph 1 of this Article.\n\n\n3. The time of extinction of the usufruct shall be deemed to be the moment of its de-registration, except for cases provided for in points 2, 3, 4 and 5 of paragraph 1 of this Article and cases where the usufruct need not be registered.\n\n\n4. The usufruct established for the benefit of several persons shall extinguish by the extinction of the right of the last person unless provided otherwise."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: b1a6d2ff-6c0d-4372-b118-47c4f1ac222b
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "5. When the usufructuary cannot perform his obligations for serious reasons, the usufruct may be converted to an annuity by agreement between the owner of the object of the usufruct and the usufructuary or by a court judgment."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 15c9d981-b55a-4af7-aeb7-0a4b8a8cb875
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.151. Renunciation of the usufruct\n\n\n1. The usufructuary may renounce the existing usufruct only in favour of the owner of the object of the usufruct.\n\n\n2. When the usufruct grants several rights of use in respect of the same thing, some of the rights may be renounced.\n\n\n3. The renunciation of the existing usufruct must be done in writing.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.152. Extinction of the usufruct by the death of the usufructuary, by the dissolution of the legal person or by the expiry of a term of 30 years from the establishment of the usufruct in respect of the legal person\n\n\n1. When the usufructuary dies, the usufruct shall extinguish irrespective of whether it was established for a fixed period or a lifetime of a specific person. When the usufruct extinguishes by the death of the usufructuary, his assignees must return the thing to the owner.\n\n\n2. The thing held by the legal person in the capacity of the usufructuary must be returned to the owner following the decision to liquidate the legal person or after the expiry of 30 years from the establishment of the usufruct in respect of the legal person."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 86a9f855-69b9-4a03-a988-27532bbc6571
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.153. Extinction of the usufruct by the expiry of a time period or when a legal fact laid down in the resolutory condition becomes effective\n\n\n1. If at the time of the establishment of the usufruct its extinction date was specified or the termination of the usufruct was linked to the resolutory condition, the usufruct shall extinguish upon the expiry of the fixed time period or when the legal fact laid down in the resolutory condition becomes effective.\n\n\n2. If the usufruct was established for a period of time until a third person reaches a certain age, it shall continue until the date the person reaches that age or, in the event of his death, would have reached that age.\n\n\n3. If the usufruct was established for a period of time until conditions relating to a third person appear, the usufructuary shall retain his rights until the end of his life if the third person dies before the appearance of the conditions and therefore the conditions foreseen cannot appear.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.154. Extinction of the usufruct when the usufructuary becomes the owner of the object of the usufruct\n\n\n1. When the usufructuary becomes the owner of the entire object of the usufruct, the usufruct shall extinguish.\n\n\n2. If the usufructuary becomes the owner of only a part of the object of the usufruct, the usufruct shall remain in respect of the rest of the thing."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 1f00d89d-26b6-4673-af9f-6c0bfe82ad30
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.155. Extinction of the usufruct by destruction of the object of the usufruct\n\nWhen the object of the usufruct is destroyed, the usufruct shall extinguish.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.156. Extinction of the usufruct by deterioration of the condition of the object of the usufruct\n\n\n1. When the condition of the object of the usufruct deteriorates to such an extent that it can no longer be used in accordance with its intended purpose, the usufruct shall extinguish.\n\n\n2. The usufruct that extinguished due to the deteriorated condition of its object shall be renewed if the object of the usufruct regains the properties whereby it can again perform the functions of the object of the usufruct.  In this case, it shall be irrelevant even if, within the period of time during which the deteriorated object of the usufruct could not be used in accordance with its intended purpose, the usufruct would have been extinguished by prescription.\n\n\n3. A decision on the extinction and renewal of the usufruct shall be adopted by mutual agreement between the owner of the object of the usufruct and the usufructuary. In case of a dispute, the court shall adopt a judgment."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: c573459e-2b34-46b0-b4dc-a894d9f4e9df
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.157. Extinction of the usufruct by prescription\n\n\n1. The usufruct established in respect of an immovable thing shall extinguish by prescription if within a period of ten years the usufructuary, himself or through other persons, has not continuously and voluntarily used the rights granted by the usufruct.\n\n\n2. The usufruct established in respect of a movable thing shall extinguish by prescription if within a period of three years the usufructuary, himself or through other persons, has not voluntarily used the rights granted by the usufruct.\n\n\n3. A period of time during which the rights granted by the usufruct have not been used due to force majeure or the impediments created by the owner/possessor of the object of the usufruct shall not be included into the prescriptive period.\n\n\n4. If the usufructuary has, for a period of fifteen years, exercised the rights granted by the usufruct only by using a part of an immovable thing, the usufruct shall extinguish for the rest of the thing.\n\n\n5. The usufruct may not extinguish by prescription if at least a part of the rights granted by the usufruct have been used."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: b1902ba2-4f5e-43fc-8746-53aaec7d9e77
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.158. Return of the object of the usufruct upon the extinction of the usufruct\n\n\n1. Upon the extinction of the usufruct, the usufructuary must return the object of the usufruct to its owner in the condition he received it, taking into account normal wear and tear, unless otherwise agreed at the time of the establishment of the usufruct.\n\n\n2. The usufructuary shall have the right to keep the parts used for the improvement of the thing, provided they can be separated and the object of the usufruct is not damaged thereby. If the improved parts cannot be separated or the thing has been improved in any other way, the usufructuary shall have the right to claim reimbursement for the improvement costs, but no more than the increase in the value of the thing, only on condition that he has improved the thing with the consent of the owner of the thing.    \n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.159. Defence of the rights of the owner of the object of the usufruct\n\nIf the usufructuary fails to properly exercise the rights granted by the usufruct and thereby violates the rights of the owner of the thing, the owner of the object of the usufruct shall have the right to request the elimination of any violations, even those not related to the loss of possession.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER IX\n\nRIGHT OF SUPERFICIES"}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "CHAPTER IX\n\nRIGHT OF SUPERFICIES\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.160. Concept of the right of superficies\n\n\n1. The right of superficies shall mean the right to use the land of another\u2019s for building construction works or to acquire and possess the land by the right of ownership or by the right to use the subsoil.      \n\n\n2. The right of superficies may be granted regardless of other real rights of the future holder of the right of superficies or the granting of the right may depend on another real right or the lease of an immovable thing.      \n\n\n3. When the owner of the land, construction works or plants changes, the right of superficies shall remain.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.161. Retribution\n\nThe act establishing the right of superficies may stipulate that the superficiary is to pay to the owner of the land a lump sum or to pay by instalments.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.162. Content of the right of superficies\n\n\n1. The superficiary shall be entitled to acquire or to own construction works and perennial plants on the land held by another person by the right of ownership.\n\n\n2. In establishing the right of superficies, the right of the superficiary to build, use or demolish construction works or to plant plants or destroy them may be limited.\n\n\n3. The right of superficies may be established for a fixed or an indefinite period."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 537ba312-b791-44f6-8b3e-1a69fbafdc61
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.163. Establishment of the right of superficies\n\nThe right of superficies shall be established by agreement between the landowner and the person becoming the superficiary or by the will of the landowner.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.164. Extinction of the right of superficies\n\n\n1. The right of superficies shall be extinguished:\n\n\n1) by the union of qualities of the superficiary and the owner of the land in one person;\n\n\n2) by the expiry of the term;\n\n\n3) by prescription if the superficiary fails to use the object of the right of superficies for ten years;\n\n\n4) when, for more than two years, the superficiary is in default of paying the fee specified in the act establishing the right of superficies.\n\n\n2. Upon the extinction of the right of superficies, the right of ownership to construction works or plants shall be transferred to the landowner. The landowner must reimburse the superficiary for their value provided this is specified in the act establishing the right of superficies.  \n\n\n3. The superficiary may remove the construction works or plants if he restores the land to its former condition and if the act establishing the right of superficies does not provide otherwise.\n\n\n4. The destruction of construction works or plants shall not constitute grounds for the extinction of the right of superficies unless the parties have agreed otherwise.  \n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER X\n\nEMPHYTEUSIS"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "CHAPTER X\n\nEMPHYTEUSIS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.165. Concept of emphyteusis\n\n\n1. Emphyteusis shall mean a real right to use a plot of land or other immovable thing of another\u2019s provided the emphyteutic lessee does not aggravate its quality and does not undertake to build construction works, plant perennial plants and perform other works thereon that durably increase the value of the land or any other immovable thing used, except upon the consent of the emphyteutic lessor.\n\n\n2. Emphyteusis may be established for a fixed or an indefinite period. The term of emphyteusis may not be less than ten years.\n\n\n3. When the emphyteutic lessor or the emphyteutic lessee changes, emphyteusis shall remain due provided the assignees of the lessee use the leased thing properly and fulfil other obligations stipulated in the act establishing emphyteusis.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.166. Emphyteutic canon\n\nThe act establishing emphyteusis may stipulate that the emphyteutic lessee is to pay to the lessor of an immovable thing a lump sum or to pay for it by instalments.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.167. Establishment of emphyteusis\n\nEmphyteusis shall be established by agreement between the owner of the leased immovable thing and the emphyteutic lessee or by will."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.168. Content of emphyteusis\n\n\n1. Unless the act establishing emphyteusis provides otherwise, the emphyteutic lessee shall use the leased immovable thing as its owner, only without increasing its value essentially and having no right to change its intended purpose without the consent of the owner. If emphyteusis is established in respect of a land plot, the act establishing emphyteusis may stipulate the right of the emphyteutic lessee to build construction works or plant plants thereon necessary for the use of the land in accordance with its intended purpose.\n\n\n2. The emphyteutic lessee must maintain and repair the leased immovable thing at his own expense.\n\n\n3. Unless provided otherwise, the emphyteutic lessee shall enjoy the fruits produced by the leased immovable thing.\n\n\n4. The act establishing emphyteusis may stipulate that the emphyteutic lessee is not entitled to transfer his rights to another person or divide the right of emphyteusis without the consent of the lessor.\n\n\n5. Unless the act establishing emphyteusis provides otherwise, the emphyteutic lessee shall have the right of sublease. The sublessee shall not have more rights than the emphyteutic lessee. The sublease shall terminate upon the extinction of the emphyteusis."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.169. Extinction of emphyteusis\n\n\n1. Emphyteusis shall be extinguished:\n\n\n1) by the expiry of the term;\n\n\n2) by destruction of the object of emphyteusis;\n\n\n3) by extinguishing the emphyteusis by a court judgment;\n\n\n4) by the union of the qualities of the emphyteutic lessor and the emphyteutic lessee in one person;\n\n\n5) by failure to use the object of emphyteusis for ten years;\n\n\n6) by agreement between the parties.\n\n\n2. On the initiative of the emphyteutic lessor and the emphyteutic lessee, grounds for premature extinction of the emphyteusis may be stipulated in the act establishing emphyteusis.\n\n\n3. Emphyteusis may be modified or cancelled by a court judgment at the request of either the emphyteutic lessor or the emphyteutic lessee after the lapse of 25 years from the date of establishment of emphyteusis, provided that unforeseen circumstances appear whereby it is impossible to use the thing in conformity with earlier conditions."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: b5bddfa6-c77f-4a72-95d8-362e3be0fdbc
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4. Upon the extinction of emphyteusis, the emphyteutic lessee must return to the emphyteutic lessor the object of emphyteusis. The emphyteutic lessee must be compensated for the value of the improvements to the object of the emphyteusis, provided that the improvements have been made upon the consent of the lessor.  The emphyteutic lessee shall have the right to suspend the transfer of the object of emphyteusis to the emphyteutic lessor until the lessor pays the compensation.    The emphyteutic lessor may retain the thing belonging to the emphyteutic lessee until the lessee settles accounts with him.\n\n\n5. If the act establishing emphyteusis stipulated the right of the emphyteutic lessee to build construction works or plant plants necessary for the use of the land in accordance with its intended purpose, the emphyteutic lessee may, upon the extinction of the emphyteusis, remove the construction works or plants provided he restores the land to its former condition and the act establishing emphyteusis does not provide otherwise."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: c25f0b4f-4b33-453b-a5a8-f95f758cb48a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "CHAPTER XI\n\nMORTGAGE\n\n \n\n\nSECTION ONE\n\nGENERAL PROVISIONS"}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.170. Concept of the mortgage and its subjects\n\n\n1. The mortgage shall mean the real right to another\u2019s immovable thing whereby the performance of a present or future property obligation is secured without transferring the mortgaged property to the creditor.\n\n\n2. The mortgagor may, under a mortgage transaction, be the owner of the immovable thing that is the object of the mortgage. A trustee managing the thing by the right of trust of property shall have the right to mortgage the thing only in the cases where the laws or the transaction, on the basis whereof the right of trust of property arises, provide for the right to mortgage the thing managed by the right of trust. Laws, court judgments or transactions may provide for the right of the administrator of property of another person to mortgage the immovable thing.\n\n\n3. The mortgage shall entitle the owner of the real right hereof to satisfy the claim secured by the mortgage from the value of the object of the mortgage prior to other creditors of the debtor.\n\n\n4. The mortgage and its validity shall depend on the validity of the principal obligation secured by the mortgage.\n\n\n5. The mortgage shall not deprive the mortgagor of the right to possess, use and dispose of the mortgaged property with due consideration of the rights of the mortgagee unless the mortgage transaction provides otherwise. A subsequent mortgage of mortgaged property shall be permitted if the mortgage transaction does not provide otherwise."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 0db5d509-a5b9-4f95-8a6f-8af0ced3746e
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "6. A mortgaged thing may be transferred to the ownership of another person unless the mortgage transaction provides otherwise. With the transfer of the mortgaged thing to the ownership of another person, the mortgage shall follow the thing unless otherwise specified in this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.171. Object of the mortgage\n\n\n1. Any immovable thing may be the object of the mortgage. Both movable property and property rights may be the object of the mortgage provided they are mortgaged together with immovable things under the mortgage transaction.\n\n\n2. A part of an immovable thing may also be the object of the mortgage.\n\n\n3. Unless the mortgage transaction establishes otherwise, the principal thing and all existing and future auxiliary things, except for the income obtained from the thing, shall be considered the object of the mortgage. Auxiliary things shall be considered mortgaged things even though they are not specified in the mortgage transaction.\n\n\n4. Unless the mortgage transaction establishes otherwise, the mortgaged thing, with the exception of land, must be insured.\n\n\n5. The mortgage shall also cover the insurance indemnity of the immovable thing.\n\n\n6. A thing owned by the right of co-ownership may be mortgaged only upon the consent of all co-owners. Where a part of the thing held in partial co-ownership is mortgaged, the consent of other co-owners shall not be necessary, however, the mortgaged part of the thing must be accurately defined in the contract providing for the order of use of the thing, concluded among the co-owners and attested by a notary.\n\n\n7. The owner of the mortgaged thing shall have no right to destroy, damage or otherwise reduce the value of the thing."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 83fe4a80-5c2b-497f-9020-67f343fa9184
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "7. The owner of the mortgaged thing shall have no right to destroy, damage or otherwise reduce the value of the thing.\n\n\n8. The risks of accidental destruction, damage or other decrease in value, with the exception of normal wear and tear of the thing, shall be borne by the owner of the mortgaged thing. The mortgage transaction may establish other rules for the distribution of the risks or their consequences provided for in this paragraph.\n\n\n9. A mortgaged thing which has ceased to be in possession of a mortgagee, a mortgagor or a third party who was in possession of it may be recovered by the mortgagee or the third party in accordance with Articles 4.95, 4.96 and 4.97 of this Code.\n\n\n10. The Law on Merchant Shipping may provide for other rules than those laid down in this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 1cbbef3e-c870-44da-b350-e787ad94dc41
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.172. Validity of the mortgage after the division of the mortgaged immovable thing\n\n\n1. After the division of the mortgaged immovable thing, the claim secured by the mortgage shall not be divided and shall remain valid for all immovable things resulting from the division. An agreement on the division of the claim secured by the mortgage shall not be valid.\n\n\n2. The order of priority in an auction sale of immovable things, belonging to different owners by the right of ownership, that resulted from the division of an immovable thing shall be established at the time of division by a written agreement of the owners of the thing. In the absence of a written agreement of the owners of the immovable thing, the order of priority in an auction sale of immovable things resulting from the division shall be established by a bailiff with due account taken of the proposals of the creditor and the interests of the debtors.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.173. Validity of the mortgage after the joining of mortgaged immovable things\n\n\n1. Mortgaged immovable things may be joined only upon a written consent of the creditors whose order of priority in satisfying their claims will change after the joining of the things.   \n\n\n2. After joining together several mortgaged immovable things, the mortgage on each of them shall extend to the immovable thing resulting from the joining of the things. The order of priority in satisfying the claims of mortgagees shall be established in accordance with the time of registration of the mortgage in the public register."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 1d0f502f-4a5e-4992-afe2-4b5a1aacfcde
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.174. Claims secured by the mortgage\n\n\n1. The mortgage shall secure the execution of the principal claim and the recovery of the interest arising from the claim.\n\n\n2. The mortgage transaction may contain an agreement of the parties that the payment of the penalty and the mortgagee\u2019s costs arising from the failure to execute the claim secured by the mortgage shall be secured by the maximum mortgage.        \n\n\n3. The amount of the claims secured by the mortgage may not be increased without a written consent of the creditors of successive priority."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 8e3b6e8b-a7c2-4408-b494-5389fe9dc112
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.175. Types of the mortgage\n\n\n1. The mortgage may be compulsory or contractual.\n\n\n2. A contractual mortgage shall arise on the basis of a contract or a unilateral transaction (bearer instrument). A contractual mortgage arising on the basis of a unilateral transaction (bearer instrument) of the owner of the mortgaged thing shall be referred to as a bearer mortgage. The fulfilment of the obligation to the creditor by the owner of the thing subject to a bearer mortgage shall not be dependent on the principal claim the execution of which is secured by the established bearer mortgage.\n\n\n3. Where, in cases specified by laws, a mortgage in respect of an immovable thing is established against the will of the owner of the thing thereof to secure the execution of property claims provided for by laws, the mortgage shall be referred to as a compulsory mortgage. A compulsory mortgage shall arise on the basis of laws, court judgments or decisions of an authorised institution/officer in the following cases:\n\n\n1) where it is necessary to secure the execution of the claims of the State arising from the legal relations pertaining to taxes and the state social insurance;\n\n\n2) where it is necessary to secure the execution of the property claims satisfied by a court judgment;\n\n\n3) in other cases provided for by this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3) in other cases provided for by this Code.\n\n\n4. The procedure for the establishment of compulsory mortgages by the administrative bodies of the State Social Insurance Fund and tax administrators shall be laid down in the legal acts regulating the activities of these entities. The procedure for the establishment of a compulsory mortgage by a court judgment shall be regulated by the Code of Civil Procedure. Persons interested in the establishment of a compulsory mortgage arising on the basis of laws shall apply to the notary. A compulsory mortgage may be established in respect of an immovable thing that has already been mortgaged.\n\n\n5. The following types of contractual mortgages shall be distinguished:\n\n\n1) an enterprise mortgage;\n\n\n2) an ordinary mortgage;\n\n\n3) a joint mortgage;\n\n\n4) a mortgage of another\u2019s thing;\n\n\n5) a maximum mortgage;\n\n\n6) a common mortgage;\n\n\n7) a conditional mortgage.\n\n\n6. A mortgage arising on the basis of a single mortgage transaction may exhibit the characteristics of two or more types of contractual mortgages specified in paragraph 5 of this Article."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.176. Establishment of a compulsory mortgage to secure the execution of the claims of the State arising from the legal relations pertaining to taxes and the state social insurance\n\nA mortgage to secure the execution of the claims of the State arising from the legal relations pertaining to taxes and the state social insurance shall be established by the decision of a tax administrator or an administrative body of the State Social Insurance Fund. The decision shall indicate the thing in respect of which the compulsory mortgage is established, the owner of the thing who is the debtor, the grounds for the establishment of the compulsory mortgage, the term of the compulsory mortgage, and the amount of the claim."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 4cac566f-4acd-44d8-90a3-c369a0f5cf04
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.177. Enterprise mortgage\n\n\n1. Where an enterprise is mortgaged as immovable property, the mortgage shall be referred to as an enterprise mortgage. The mortgage transaction must indicate that it is an enterprise mortgage transaction.\n\n\n2. A deed of inventory of the enterprise assets must be annexed to the enterprise mortgage transaction.\n\n\n3. The parties must indicate the total value of the object subject to the mortgage in the enterprise mortgage transaction. Unless the enterprise mortgage transaction provides otherwise, the debtor (the mortgagor) undertakes that the value of the enterprise shall not fall below the value of the mortgaged object provided for in the mortgage transaction.\n\n\n4. An enterprise mortgage shall be registered in the public register.\n\n\n5. In carrying out normal commercial activities, the mortgagor shall have the right to dispose of the assets mortgaged under the rules of the enterprise mortgage. Upon transferring the right of ownership to the assets subject to an enterprise mortgage to a third party in good faith, the enterprise mortgage in respect of the transferred assets shall extinguish and the newly acquired assets shall become the object of the enterprise mortgage from the moment of the acquisition thereof into ownership. The enterprise mortgage transaction may stipulate that this rule shall not apply to specified assets that are the object of the enterprise mortgage."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: a7825f06-e901-400b-9b55-73a53c911189
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.178. Establishment of a mortgage to secure the execution of the claims satisfied by a court judgment\n\nIn the cases specified by this Code and in accordance with the procedure established by the Code of Civil Procedure, a compulsory mortgage in respect of a debtor\u2019s thing may be established at the request of a creditor upon the satisfaction of the claim on the recovery of money by a court judgment.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.179. Ordinary mortgage\n\nWhere one definite immovable thing possessed by a debtor by the right of ownership is mortgaged to secure the discharge of one definite obligation, the mortgage shall be referred to as an ordinary mortgage.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.180. Joint mortgage\n\nWhere several immovable things belonging by the right of ownership to one person are mortgaged under a single mortgage transaction to secure the discharge of one definite obligation, the mortgage shall be referred to as a joint mortgage.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.181. Mortgage of another\u2019s thing\n\n\n1. Where an immovable thing belonging by the right of ownership to a person other than the debtor is mortgaged, the mortgage shall be referred to as a mortgage of another\u2019s thing.\n\n\n2. The mortgage of another\u2019s thing may be subject to indemnification.\n\n\n3. In the case of a mortgage of another\u2019s thing, the creditor shall not have the right to transfer the right of claim to a third party without the consent of the owner of the mortgaged property."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.182. Maximum mortgage\n\n\n1. Where an immovable thing is mortgaged with only the maximum amount of the claim specified in the mortgage transaction to ensure the discharge of the obligations secured by a mortgaged thing, the mortgage shall be referred to as a maximum mortgage. The mortgage transaction must indicate that it is a maximum mortgage transaction.\n\n\n2. The date of fixing the amount of the maximum mortgage debt may be determined by agreement between the parties. This mortgage shall not secure any other subsequent debt obligations. A bailiff shall also fix the amount of the debt at the mortgagee\u2019s request during the recovery procedure.\n\n\n3. The maximum amount of the claim to secure the discharge of the obligations may not be increased without the consent of the mortgagees of successive priority of the same thing.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.183. Common mortgage\n\n\n1. Where several immovable things owned by different owners are mortgaged to secure the discharge of one debt obligation, the mortgage shall be referred to as a common mortgage.\n\n\n2. Where an owner of a thing subject to a common mortgage wishes to remortgage the thing, he must obtain a written consent of all the other owners of the things subject to the common mortgage.\n\n\n3. The contract on the common mortgage must set forth the order of priority in the auction sale of mortgaged things."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 9996a255-5016-41cd-a294-37718f2914eb
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.184. Conditional mortgage\n\n\n1. Where a thing is mortgaged to secure the discharge of a debt obligation by agreeing that the mortgage becomes effective from the moment of fulfilment of a condition established in the contract or that the mortgage is valid only until the moment a condition established in the contract is fulfilled, the mortgage shall be referred to as a conditional mortgage. The condition may be imposed on both the creditor and the debtor.\n\n\n2. An immovable thing which will be created in the future or the owner of which will become the mortgagor in the future may be subject to a conditional mortgage. This conditional mortgage shall come into effect from the moment of registration of the object of the mortgage as property of the mortgagor in the Real Property Register.\n\n\n3. An immovable thing the acquisition whereof by the right of ownership is sought in accordance with the procedure laid down in Part VI of the Code of Civil Procedure may be subject to a conditional mortgage. This conditional mortgage shall come into effect from the moment when the person who has acquired the immovable thing in accordance with the procedure laid down in Part VI of the Code of Civil Procedure becomes the owner of the thing.\n\n\n4. Data on the emergence or expiry of the condition that gives validity to the conditional mortgage shall be submitted to the public register in accordance with the procedure laid down in the regulations of the register. \n\n \n\n \n\n\nSECTION TWO\n\nREGISTRATION OF THE MORTGAGE"}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.185. Execution and registration of the mortgage\n\n\n1. The mortgage transaction must be drawn up in the notarial form.\n\n\n2. A mortgage transaction may be concluded as an individual transaction, or an agreement on the mortgage may be included into the contract from which the principal obligation arises.\n\n\n3. The debtor, the creditor and the mortgagor shall be the parties to a mortgage transaction. Where the thing is mortgaged upon a unilateral declaration of its owner, only the owner of the mortgaged thing shall be the party to the mortgage transaction.\n\n\n4. The notary who has certified the mortgage transaction shall submit to the public register, in accordance with the procedure laid down by the regulations of this register, the data for the registration of the mortgage.\n\n\n5. A compulsory mortgage shall be established by a decision of a court, a notary, or an official or institution authorised by law. The court, the notary, the official or institution authorised by law or the creditor that has established the compulsory mortgage shall submit the data for the registration of the mortgage in accordance with the procedure laid down by the regulations of the public register.\n\n\n6. Changes to the mortgage transaction must be drawn up in the same form as the mortgage transaction and their registration in the public register shall be subject to the same procedure as that of the mortgage. Changes to a compulsory mortgage shall be established in accordance with the same procedure as the compulsory mortgage."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "7. The data on the mortgage in the public register shall be public and shall be regarded as accurate and comprehensive until contested in accordance with the procedure established by laws. Only third parties in good faith may assert their rights on the basis of the mortgage registered in the public register."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.186. Content of the mortgage transaction\n\n\n1. The mortgage transaction must indicate the location, date and time of its conclusion, the debtor, the creditor and the mortgagor (where the debtor and the mortgagor is not the same person), their place of residence/registered office, the object of the mortgage, the obligation(s) secured by the mortgage, the definite or maximum amount of the claim(s), the time limit for the discharge of the obligation, the number of copies of the original mortgage transaction, and the entities whereto the copies of the original transaction are transferred at the moment of conclusion of the transaction. The type of the mortgage must be indicated in the transaction in the case of an enterprise mortgage, a conditional mortgage and a maximum mortgage. The conditional mortgage transaction shall specify the condition that gives validity to the mortgage.\n\n\n2. Special requirements for the content of transactions shall not apply to mortgage transactions, with the exception of cases established by law.\n\n\n3. A mortgage transaction may be established as a security upon agreement between the parties or a unilateral declaration of the owner of the mortgaged thing. In this case, the mortgage transaction shall be concluded as an individual transaction in a single copy that shall be transferred to the mortgagee.\n\n\n4. Where several creditors are represented by one representative, the mortgage transaction may, by agreement between the creditors or by a unilateral declaration of the owner of the mortgaged thing, establish that only the representative of the creditors shall be indicated as the creditor in the public register. In this case, the grounds for representation must be indicated in the public register."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "5. It shall be possible not to indicate the creditor in a mortgage transaction drawn up unilaterally by the owner of the mortgaged thing. A bearer mortgage may be used against third parties in good faith from the moment the creditor is indicated in the public register."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.187. Time of the mortgage becoming effective\n\n\n1. A contractual mortgage shall become effective and binding on the parties from the moment of conclusion of the mortgage transaction unless the mortgage transaction provides otherwise.\n\n\n2. A mortgage transaction may be used against third parties in good faith only where the mortgage is registered in the public register in accordance with the procedure laid down by the regulations of the register.\n\n\n3. A compulsory mortgage shall become effective from the moment of its registration in the public register.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.188. Discrepancies between the mortgage transaction and the data of the public register\n\nWhere the text of the mortgage transaction does not correspond to the entry of the public register, the entry of the public register shall prevail.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION THREE\n\nTRANSFER AND PLEDGE OF THE MORTGAGE"}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.189. Transfer of the right of mortgage and the claim secured by the mortgage\n\n\n1. The creditor may transfer the claim secured by the mortgage or a part thereof to another person unless the mortgage transaction or the laws provide otherwise. When transferring the claim secured by the mortgage, the right of mortgage shall also be transferred. The claim secured by the mortgage shall be transferred in accordance with the provisions of Book Six of this Code regulating the assignment of the right of claim.\n\n\n2. Where a mortgage transaction is, by agreement between the parties, a security, the creditor may transfer the right of mortgage separately from the claim secured by the mortgage. In such a case, the claim secured by the mortgage shall be considered as the right of claim held by the new mortgagee against the debtor where the amount of the claim may not exceed the amount of the principal obligation specified in the mortgage transaction.\n\n\n3. Where the mortgage transaction is a security, the claim secured by the mortgage shall be assigned by transferring the mortgage transaction by endorsement (the entry of the mortgagee whereby the mortgage transaction is transferred to another person). The endorsement must be entered in the mortgage transaction by indicating the person to whom the claim secured by the mortgage is transferred, and must be signed by the endorser (the mortgagee) and registered in the public register.\n\n\n4. The transfer of the claim secured by the mortgage or a part thereof, the assignment of the right of mortgage, and the endorsement of the mortgage transaction may, upon their registration in the public register in accordance with the procedure laid down by the regulations of the register, be used against third parties in good faith."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.190. Right of the mortgagee to transfer his priority of satisfying his claim from the value of the mortgaged thing to another mortgagee\n\nWhere a thing is subject to several mortgages, any mortgagee may transfer his priority of satisfying his claim from the value of the mortgaged thing to another mortgagee. In this case, changes shall be made to both mortgage transactions. Where the amount of the claim of the mortgagee who transfers his priority is smaller than the amount of the claim of the transferee, a notarised consent of the creditors succeeding the transferor and preceding the transferee shall be necessary.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.191. Pledge of the claim secured by the mortgage\n\nUnless the mortgage transaction provides otherwise, the mortgagee may pledge his mortgage claim in accordance with the provisions of this Code regulating the right of pledge.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION FOUR\n\nRECOVERY OF DEBT IN FAVOUR OF THE MORTGAGEE"}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.192. Right of the mortgagee to apply for debt recovery and the registration of the writ of execution\n\n\n1. If, within the time period specified in the mortgage transaction, the debtor fails to discharge his obligations or other grounds set out in the mortgage transaction have arisen, the mortgagee may apply to the notary for the registration of a notarial writ of execution. The procedure for the registration of notarial writs of execution and the form for registering a writ of execution shall be laid down by the Minister of Justice.\n\n\n2. A creditor who has the right of claim secured by a compulsory mortgage may apply to the notary for the registration of a writ of execution in compliance with the time limits set by a court judgment or the notary. Debt recovery from the property subject to a compulsory mortgage on the basis of a decision of an authorised institution/official shall be carried out in accordance with the procedure laid down by laws.\n\n\n3. In the application for the registration of a writ of execution, the mortgagee shall indicate the code assigned to the mortgage in the public register, the amount of the outstanding debt, the debtor, the mortgagor and their addresses (registered offices). The mortgagee shall be held liable for the accuracy of the data indicated in the application."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4. Having verified that the particulars specified in the mortgagee\u2019s application agree with those entered in the public register, the notary, prior to registering the writ of execution, shall send to the debtor a notice of enforcement indicating the data provided by the mortgagee and the proposal to either pay off the debt to the creditor no later than within 20 days from the date of issue of the notice of enforcement and inform the notary in writing about the fulfilment of the obligation or provide the notary with the data on the invalidity of the mortgagee\u2019s claim. Having considered the data provided by the mortgagee and the debtor, the notary shall either register the writ of execution or shall refuse, on a reasoned basis, to do so. By registering the writ of execution, a notary shall propose recovering from the debtor the amount of the debt obligation secured by the mortgage that was not paid within the time limit established in the mortgage transaction or the amount of the outstanding debt with the interest due as specified by the mortgagee. The notary shall immediately notify the public register of the fact of the registration of the writ of execution and shall send a copy of the writ of execution to the debtor and the mortgagor. From the day of registration of the writ of execution in the public register, the debtor shall have no right to dispose of the mortgaged property without the consent of the creditor.\n\n\n5. The notarial writ of execution shall be an enforceable and enforcement document submitted to the bailiff for enforcement in accordance with the procedure laid down by the Code of Civil Procedure."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "6. Where, prior to the submission of the writ of execution to the bailiff for enforcement, the debtor discharges the obligation by paying the money into the deposit account of the notary, the notary shall, at the request of the debtor or the creditor, cancel the writ of execution and notify thereof the creditor and the public register.\n\n\n7. When the bailiff initiates the forced recovery procedure, the mortgaged thing may, at the choice of the mortgagee, be sold at a public auction or transferred to the mortgagee for administration, except in the case of an enterprise mortgage and a mortgage of another\u2019s thing. Where the mortgaged thing has been transferred to the mortgagee for administration and, in the course of administration, it becomes apparent that it is not possible to satisfy the claim secured by the mortgage, the mortgagee may apply to the bailiff for the sale of the mortgaged thing at a public auction.\n\n\n8. Prior to the start of the public auction, the object of the mortgage may, by agreement between the debtor (the mortgagor) and the mortgagee, be transferred to the ownership of the mortgagee or to a third party on the basis of a transaction concluded in a notarial form between the mortgagee and the debtor (the mortgagor) in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 704 of the Code of Civil Procedure. A thing subject to several mortgages may be realised in the manner specified in the transaction concluded between the mortgagee and the mortgagor only upon consent of all creditors."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "9. Where the recovery procedure takes place when enforcing a maximum mortgage, the notary shall register the writ of execution, irrespective of whether the amount of the debt is specified. If the amount of the debt under a maximum mortgage is not specified, the notary shall note this in the writ of execution."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.1921. Specific features of the recovery of debt from the property subject to an enterprise mortgage\n\n\n1. Where the recovery procedure takes place when enforcing an enterprise mortgage transaction, the enterprise may be subject to the administration of assets. The administration of assets shall be established by a bailiff in accordance with the procedure laid down in the Code of Civil Procedure. The mortgagee or other person shall, upon the consent of the mortgagee, be appointed as the administrator of assets.\n\n\n2. From the day of registration of the writ of execution in the public register, the management bodies of the mortgaged enterprise shall have no right to dispose of the assets that are the object of the enterprise mortgage without the prior written consent of the mortgagee (until the appointment of the administrator of assets) or the administrator of assets.\n\n\n3. The administrator of assets shall not take over the functions of the management body of the enterprise, but the instructions of the administrator of assets regarding the use, management and disposal of the assets of the enterprise which are the object of the enterprise mortgage shall be binding on the members of the management body of the enterprise.\n\n\n4. The administrator of assets may exercise the rights granted to him by laws only to the extent necessary to settle the claims secured by the enterprise mortgage."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "5. Where it transpires that the claim secured by the mortgage cannot be satisfied from the income received from the mortgaged assets of an enterprise subject to administration, the administrator of assets/creditor may apply to the bailiff for the sale of the entire enterprise in accordance with the procedure laid down in Articles 6.402 to 6.410 of this Code. In this case, the administrator of assets shall act as the seller. Where it transpires that the sale of the entire enterprise is impossible or economically unviable, the administrator of assets/creditor may apply to the bailiff for the sale of the assets of the enterprise in instalments."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.193. Right of the mortgagee to satisfy the claim from the mortgaged thing\n\n\n1. If the proceeds from having realised the mortgaged thing are lower than the amount due to the mortgagee, the mortgagee shall have the right to claim recovery from the other property of the debtor in accordance with the general procedure established by laws.\n\n\n2. Where a thing is subject to several mortgages, the claims of the mortgagees shall be satisfied in the order of registration of the mortgages in the public register.\n\n\n3. Where a thing is subject to several mortgages, any of the mortgagees shall have the right to apply to the notary for the registration of the writ of execution and submit the writ of execution for enforcement to the bailiff. The bailiff that is presented with the writ of execution shall, in accordance with the procedure laid down in the Code of Civil Procedure, notify the other mortgagees of the submission of the writ of execution for enforcement.\n\n\n4. Where a thing is subject to several mortgages, the forced recovery may not be initiated without the written consent of the mortgagees of preceding priority.\n\n\n5. Where several writs of execution have been issued and submitted for enforcement to different bailiffs, the recovery from the property secured by the mortgage shall be carried out by the bailiff who was presented with the writ of execution the earliest.\n\n\n6. If the mortgagee of preceding priority does not give his consent to initiate the recovery procedure without a valid reason and as a result the mortgagee of successive priority suffers losses, the mortgagee of preceding priority must compensate for the losses suffered by the mortgagee of successive priority."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "7. Where the mortgaged thing is expropriated or confiscated, the claim of the mortgagee shall be satisfied respectively by the new possessor of the thing or by the State, but not in the excess of the value of the mortgaged thing.\n\n\n8. Where the mortgaged thing passes into the ownership of the State or a municipality by the right of inheritance or the mortgaged ownerless thing is transferred by a court judgment to the ownership of the State or a municipality, the claim of the mortgagee shall be satisfied by the State or the municipality, but not in excess of the value of the mortgaged thing."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.194. Debt recovery through the auction sale of the thing subject to a joint mortgage\n\n\n1. The order of priority in the sale of the things subject to a joint mortgage shall be set by the owner of the things.\n\n\n2. After the public auction sale of the things subject to a joint mortgage, the debt shall be recovered simultaneously from all the things sold, but only as many of the things may be sold as it is necessary to satisfy the claim of the mortgagee."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.1941. Guarantees of the debtor\u2019s (mortgagor\u2019s) interests\n\n\n1. The debtor (mortgagor) shall have the right to close the mortgage at any time from the expiry of the time limit for the discharge of the obligation until the moment of realisation of the object of the mortgage by properly discharging the obligation secured by the mortgage.\n\n\n2. Where the obligation secured by the mortgage may be discharged in parts, the debtor (mortgagor) shall have the right to request suspension of the recovery from the object of the mortgage by discharging the part of the obligation in respect of which the deadline has been missed.\n\n\n3. The debtor (mortgagor) shall have the right to claim from the creditor compensation for the losses incurred as a result of the recovery procedure illegally enforced by the creditor, as well as for the losses resulting from an illegal administration or a forced sale of the object of the mortgage. The creditor shall not be held liable for the actions of the bailiff.\n\n\n4. The creditor must enforce the recovery procedure in the most economical manner possible and may not unreasonably enrich himself at the debtor\u2019s (mortgagor\u2019s) expense."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "5. From the date of entry of the particulars of the writ of execution in the public register, the debtor (mortgagor) shall have the right to transfer the object of the mortgage only upon the consent of the creditor. Having ascertained the solvency of the buyer suggested by the debtor, the creditor must give his consent to entering into a transfer transaction where the selling price of the mortgaged thing corresponds to the amount of the principal claim secured by the mortgage and the interest arising therefrom. The proceeds from the sale of the mortgaged thing, required to satisfy the mortgagee\u2019s claim, must be transferred into the deposit account of the notary attesting the transfer transaction.\n\n\n6. Where the creditor has initiated unreasonable recovery without due grounds or has filed an unreasonable claim, the debtor (mortgagor) shall have the right to dispute the lawfulness of the creditor\u2019s actions in contentious proceedings. Filing of an action shall not suspend the recovery procedure. The recovery procedure may be suspended only upon application of interim protection measures by court in the cases specified by law."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.195. Debt recovery from the thing subject to a mortgage of another\u2019s thing\n\n\n1. The owner of the mortgaged thing shall be liable for the discharge of the debtor\u2019s obligation by his mortgaged thing only. The mortgagor shall be held subsidiarily liable with the debtor from the date of non-performance of the obligation secured by the mortgage.\n\n\n2. Administration of property may not be established in respect of the property subject to a mortgage of another\u2019s property.\n\n\n3. Where the creditor\u2019s claims are secured by both a mortgage of the thing owned by the debtor and a mortgage of another\u2019s thing, the creditor shall have the right to recover from the object of the mortgage of another\u2019s thing only to the extent necessary to satisfy his claim where the recovery from the mortgaged thing owned by the debtor cannot fully settle the claim.\n\n\n4. When the owner of the mortgaged thing discharges the debtor\u2019s obligation or his thing is sold at a public auction, the owner of the mortgaged thing shall acquire the right of recourse against the debtor in respect of the amount paid or of a compensation for damages arising from the loss of the thing."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.196. Right to demand satisfaction of the claim secured by the mortgage prior to the expiry of the time limit\n\n\n1. The mortgagee shall have the right to demand satisfaction of the claim secured by the mortgage prior to the expiry of the time limit and apply to a notary for the registration of the writ of execution in the same manner as at maturity provided:\n\n\n1) other creditors subject the mortgaged object to the recovery procedure;\n\n\n2) the debtor dies;\n\n\n3) bankruptcy proceedings against the debtor or the owner of the mortgaged thing have been initiated or a decision on his liquidation has been adopted;\n\n\n4) the value of the object of the mortgage has decreased by more than 30 per cent, while the debtor has failed to discharge a part of the obligation equal to the decreased value of the mortgaged thing and this part of the obligation has not been covered by the insurance amount received;\n\n\n5) the contract of insurance of the mortgaged thing has been terminated before its expiration or, after the termination of the insurance contract, the thing is not insured;\n\n\n6) other grounds specified in the mortgage transaction arise."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "6) other grounds specified in the mortgage transaction arise.\n\n\n2. If the value of the mortgaged thing has decreased while the debtor has failed to discharge a part of his obligation equal to the decreased value of the mortgaged thing, or the thing has perished, creditors shall be entitled to the insurance amount of the thing not in excess of the amount of their claims, to be paid in the same order of priority as that in which the creditors\u2019 claims should have been satisfied. Upon the receipt of a written consent of all creditors, the insurance amount may be paid to the owner of the mortgaged thing."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "SECTION FIVE\n\nEXTINCTION OF THE MORTGAGE"}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.197. Grounds for the extinction of the mortgage\n\n\n1. The forced realisation of the mortgaged thing on the request of the mortgagee shall disencumber it from all effective mortgages.\n\n\n2. A mortgage shall extinguish when:\n\n\n1) the debt obligation has been properly discharged or the obligation secured by the mortgage extinguishes on other grounds specified in the mortgage transaction or laws;\n\n\n2) the mortgage is cancelled by a court decision or on any other grounds;\n\n\n3) the mortgagee or his whereabouts have been unknown for ten years from the expiry of the time limit for the payment of the debt;\n\n\n4) the object of the mortgage has perished, disappeared or has been cancelled in accordance with the procedure established by legal acts;\n\n\n5) other cases stipulated in this Code exist.\n\n\n3. A mortgage may resume in the cases specified by this Code. A resumed mortgage shall be executed by a notary upon the request of the mortgagee.\n\n\n4. If at the maturity the mortgagee refuses to accept the subject matter of the obligation secured by the mortgage, the debtor may pay a respective amount into the deposit account of the credit institution or a notary. The mortgage shall extinguish when the full amount of the debt is paid into the deposit account.\n\n\n5. The creditor shall have the right to withdraw from mortgage at any time."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "5. The creditor shall have the right to withdraw from mortgage at any time.\n\n\n6. The entitlement of a mortgagee in good faith shall remain valid even if the mortgage transaction is declared null and void on the grounds for which the mortgagee is not liable. Where the mortgage transaction has been declared null and void in accordance with the procedure laid down by laws and there is no need to protect the mortgagee in good faith, the mortgage registered in the public register shall extinguish and shall be removed from the public register upon the submission of a final court judgment declaring the nullity of the mortgage transaction."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "7. An extinguished mortgage shall be removed from the public register. An application of the mortgagee, the debtor or the mortgagor for deregistration of the extinguished mortgage shall be filed with a notary who shall forward the data on the extinction of the mortgage to the public register. A mortgage which has extinguished on the grounds specified in point 1 of paragraph 2 of this Article may also be deregistered on the application of the mortgagee, the debtor or the mortgagor, submitted by means of information technology to the public register in accordance with the procedure laid down in the regulations of this register (where an application for deregistration of the extinguished mortgage is filed by the debtor or the mortgagor, the mortgagee must provide a confirmation of the extinction of the mortgage by means of information technology). A conditional mortgage concluded with the aim of acquiring by the right of ownership an immovable thing in accordance with the procedure laid down in Part VI of the Code of Civil Procedure shall be removed from the public register in line with the bailiff\u2019s notice that the person who concluded the conditional mortgage has not become the owner of the property."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "CHAPTER XII\n\nPLEDGE\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.198. Concept of the pledge\n\n\n1. Pledge shall mean the real right to another\u2019s movable property and property rights ensuring the performance of a current or future property obligation.\n\n\n2. The object of the pledge may be transferred to the creditor, a third party or left under the management of the pledgor. The transfer of the object of the pledge shall also include the transfer of a mercantile or equity security to the creditor and any other right to manage the object of the pledge, including the making of entries in bank accounts or securities.\n\n\n3. The right of pledge and its validity shall depend on the validity of the principal obligation secured by the pledge.\n\n\n4. Where the debtor fails to perform the obligation secured by the pledge, the creditor (pledgee) shall have the right to satisfy his claim from the value of the collateral prior to other creditors.\n\n\n5. The Law on Financial Collateral Arrangements may establish rules other than those laid down in this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.199. Grounds for the pledge\n\n\n1. The pledge may be either contractual or compulsory.\n\n\n2. A contractual pledge shall arise on the basis of a contract or unilateral transaction (declaration). A contractual pledge arising on the basis of a unilateral transaction (declaration) of the pledgor shall be referred to as a bearer pledge.\n\n\n3. The provisions of this Book regulating judicial mortgage shall apply mutatis mutandis to a compulsory mortgage arising on the basis of laws, a judicial decision or a decision of an authorised institution/officer.\n\n\n4. The provisions of this Book regulating the types of contractual mortgage, with the exception of enterprise mortgage, shall apply mutatis mutandis to a contractual pledge.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.200. Claims secured by the pledge\n\n\n1. The pledge may secure the performance of any current or future property obligation.\n\n\n2. The pledge shall secure the performance of the principal claim and the recovery of the interest arising from this claim. The parties to the pledge transaction may agree in the pledge transaction that penalties and losses incurred by the creditor due to the delay of the performance of the obligation secured by the pledge shall be secured by a maximum pledge."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.201. Object of the pledge\n\n\n1. Any existing or future movable property and property rights may be the object of the pledge.\n\n\n2. Things against which, under the existing laws, execution may not be levied as well as movable things that have been pledged together with an immovable thing in accordance with the procedure established in Article 4.171(1) of this Code may not be the object of the pledge.\n\n\n3. Unless the laws or the pledge transaction provide otherwise, a pledge of the thing shall cover accessories of the thing and non-separated fruits.\n\n\n4. The risk of accidental perishment or damage of the collateral shall be borne by the pledgor unless laws or the pledge transaction provide otherwise.\n\n\n5. Jointly owned things may be pledged only upon a written consent of all co-owners."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.202. Pledge of property complexes\n\n\n1. A pledge transaction may take the form of the pledge of property complexes made up of movable property, the composition and form of which is constantly changing, including supplies of goods, equipment, rights of claim, etc. In this case, the object of the pledge shall be described by indicating the category of pledged property, whereas separate objects constituting the property complex shall not be categorised.\n\n\n2. In carrying out usual commercial activities, the pledgor shall have the right to dispose of the objects constituting the pledged property complex only if the total value of the pledged property is not reduced. Where the pledgor lawfully disposes of the collateral, the pledge of the transferred objects shall be extinguished, and the property newly acquired by the pledgor shall become the object of the pledge from the moment of acquisition of the property into ownership.\n\n\n3. The provisions governing recovery from the property subject to an enterprise mortgage shall apply mutatis mutandis to recovery from the property complex.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.203. Substitution of the collateral\n\n\n1. Upon the consent of the pledgee(s), the pledgor may substitute the thing defined by individual characteristics, that is the object of the pledge, by another thing that has not been previously pledged.\n\n\n2. In the case specified in paragraph 1 of this Article, the pledge of the prior thing shall be revoked following the execution of the pledge of a new thing."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.204. Real rights as the object of the pledge\n\n\n1. Rights to the land, forest, other things, i.e. the right of use, the right of lease and other property rights, except for rights inseparably connected to the person of the owner of the thing pledged as well as rights that are not transferable by law or by the contract, may be the object of the pledge.\n\n\n2. In addition, property rights that the pledgor will acquire in the future may be the object of the pledge.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.205. Insurance of the object of the pledge\n\n\n1. The law or the contract may stipulate the duty to insure the thing that has been pledged/the thing to be pledged.\n\n\n2. A contract may also provide for the duty of the pledgor (a legal person) to insure the object of the pledge in the event of liquidation or insolvency.\n\n\n3. In the event of an insured accident, the creditor whose claims are secured by the pledge shall have a priority right (in accordance with the succession of pledges, if there have been multiple pledges) to satisfy his claims from the sum of the insurance indemnity."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 613738ff-e620-467c-bf75-e09798d22334
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.206. Pledgor\n\n\n1. A debtor himself and a third person may also be the pledgor.\n\n\n2. The pledgor must be the owner of the object of the pledge or a person having the property right that is the object of the pledge, except when the pledge transaction stipulates that the object of the pledge will be acquired by the pledgor in the future. A trustee managing the property by the right of property trust shall have the right to pledge this property only in the cases where the laws or the transaction on the basis whereof the right of property trust arises provide for the right to pledge the property managed by the right of trust. Laws, judicial decisions or transactions may establish the right of the administrator of property of another person to pledge the property.\n\n\n3. A property right that belongs to several persons may be pledged only with the consent of all of them. In this case, the pledge transaction shall be signed by all of these persons.\n\n\n4. The lessee (the recipient of the loan-for-use) may pledge rights related to the lease of the thing (loan-for-use) only with the written consent of the lessor (delivering party)."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 9ced9b07-bfe6-4213-9126-e5f11487eb64
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.207. Remaining of the right to pledge when the right of ownership of the collateral has been transferred to another person\n\n\n1. When the right of ownership of the collateral has been transferred from the pledgor to another person, the pledge shall remain valid when the object of the pledge has been transferred to the pledgee or when the pledge transaction has been registered in the public register unless the laws or pledge transactions provide otherwise. This rule shall also apply when property rights constitute the object of the pledge.\n\n\n2. The right to pledge shall be valid in all its entirety even in the case when the debtor performs the obligation partially.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.208. Right to inspect the subject of the pledge\n\n\n1. A creditor shall have the right to inspect the number, condition, storage conditions, etc. of pledged things managed by the pledgor unless otherwise provided in the contract.\n\n\n2. When the pledgor violates storage conditions of the collateral, avoids submitting a damaged thing or submitting the remains of the destroyed thing, the creditor shall be entitled to request the discharge of the obligation secured by the pledge before the expiration of its term."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 8d4068e3-0afd-4da4-91c4-9893343c4d4b
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.209. Form of pledge transactions\n\n\n1. Where the object of the pledge is transferred to the creditor, a written pledge transaction shall be concluded. A pledge arising on the basis of this transaction may be registered in the public register. The pledge transaction referred to in this paragraph may be concluded by means of information technology by registering the pledge in the public register in accordance with the procedure laid down in the regulations of this register. Failure to comply with the written form requirement shall render the transaction null and void.\n\n\n2. Where the object of the pledge is transferred to a third party or remains with the pledgor, a pledge transaction and a unilateral declaration of the owner of the object of the pledge to pledge things or property rights shall be approved by a notary, with the exception of the case specified in paragraph 3 of this Article, and registered in the public register.\n\n\n3. Where the object of the pledge is transferred to a third party or remains with the pledgor, while the creditor, the debtor and the pledgor (where the debtor and the pledgor are not the same person) are legal persons, a pledge transaction and a unilateral declaration of the owner of the object of the pledge to pledge things or property rights may also be concluded by means of information technology by registering the pledge in the public register in accordance with the procedure laid down in the regulations of this register.\n\n\n4. A pledge transaction may be concluded as an individual transaction or an agreement on the pledge may be included into the transaction from which the principal obligation arises."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: a9885706-d77b-41ca-9156-461e2f9e126b
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "5. The parties to a pledge transaction shall be the pledgor, the debtor, the creditor and the person to whom the object of the pledge is transferred. Where the object of the pledge is pledged by a unilateral declaration of the owner, the party to the pledge transaction shall be solely the pledgor."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 1505147d-ed25-407b-b8e7-f9257b74bb80
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.210. Content of a pledge transaction\n\n\n1. A pledge transaction must include the following: the place and date of the conclusion of the transaction, the pledgor, the debtor, the creditor and the person to whom the object of the pledge has been transferred, their place of residence/registered office, the description of the object of the pledge, an obligation(s) secured by the pledge, a specific or maximum amount of the obligation(s), and the time limit for discharge. The type of the pledge must be indicated in the transactions of the conditional and maximum pledge. The conditional transaction shall specify the condition that gives validity to the pledge. Where the object of the pledge is pledged repeatedly, the debtor must indicate this in the pledge transaction.\n\n\n2. Special requirements for the content of transactions shall not apply to pledge transactions, except for the cases specified by law.\n\n\n3. Where several creditors are represented by one representative, by agreement between the creditors or by a unilateral declaration of the owner of the collateral, the pledge transaction may provide that only the representative of the creditors is to be indicated as the creditor in the public register. In this case, the grounds for representation must be indicated in the public register.\n\n\n4. It shall be possible not to indicate the creditor in a pledge transaction drawn up unilaterally by the owner of the collateral. A bearer pledge may be used against third parties in good faith from the moment the creditor is indicated in the public register."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: e0f07bf6-1896-4f69-a544-72e06467b2c0
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.211. Subsequent pledges\n\n\n1. Unless the thing has been transferred to the pledgee by a previous pledge transaction and unless the pledge transaction provides otherwise, a subsequent pledge shall be permitted. In these cases, the prior pledge remains valid.\n\n\n2. A pledgor must notify each creditor about all prior and subsequent pledges and obligations secured by the pledge and their amount. A pledgor must compensate the losses incurred by any of the creditors arising from the failure to discharge this duty.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.212. Pledge priority\n\n\n1. Where several pledge transactions have been concluded in respect of the same object of the pledge, the claim secured by the earlier pledge transaction shall have priority.\n\n\n2. Where several pledge transactions registered in the public register have been concluded in respect of the same object of the pledge, the claim secured by the earlier pledge transaction registered in the public register shall have priority.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.213. Entry into force of the pledge\n\n\n1. The pledge between the parties shall enter into force from the moment of conclusion of the pledge transaction unless otherwise provided for in the pledge transaction.\n\n\n2. Where the object of the pledge is transferred to a third party or remains with the pledgor, the pledge may be used against third parties in good faith only where the right of pledge has been registered in the public register in accordance with the procedure laid down in the regulations of this register."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: d6c62d54-e2ff-4c1e-bfd6-300c681ae72a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.214. Duties of the person to whom the collateral is transferred\n\nThe person to whom the collateral has been transferred must take proper care of it. He shall be liable for the preservation thereof unless he proves that the thing has been lost or damaged through no fault of his. This person shall have no right to use the collateral unless otherwise provided for by law or the pledge transaction.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.215. Vindication of the collateral\n\nWhere the collateral has ceased to be in the possession of a pledgee, a pledgor or a third person, the pledgee or the third person may vindicate the thing in accordance with Articles 4.95 to 4.97 of this Code.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.216. Emergence of the right of enforcement against the object of the pledge\n\n\n1. A pledgee shall acquire the right of enforcement against the object of the pledge upon failure to perform the obligation at the expiry of the time limit for performing that obligation or upon the occurrence of other grounds specified in the pledge transaction.\n\n\n2. The provisions of this Code regulating the mortgagee\u2019s right to demand satisfaction of the claim secured by the mortgage prior to the expiry of the time limit shall mutatis mutandis apply to the emergence of the right of the creditor (pledgee) to demand satisfaction of the claim secured by the pledge prior to the expiry of the time limit."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: a60ec532-23df-47b1-8d7b-b2d35e0ff765
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.217. Enforcement against the object of the pledge that consists of two or more things/property rights\n\nWhen the object of the pledge consists of two or more things/property rights, the enforcement may be directed towards all those things/property rights or towards each of them individually. The right of choice shall belong to the pledgee until the full satisfaction of the claim.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.218. Consequences arising when the claims of the pledgee are satisfied by a third party\n\nWhen the claim of a pledgee is fully satisfied by a third party, the right of pledge shall pass to him together with the right of claim."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 0c53f9ad-d6f2-4564-95c7-7633aadec202
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.219. Enforcement procedure of collaterals\n\n\n1. Where a debtor fails to perform the obligation secured by the pledge, the creditor\u2019s claim shall be satisfied from the value of the collateral unless laws or the transaction provide otherwise.\n\n\n2. Where the object of the pledge is transferred to a third party or remains with the pledgor or where the pledge is compulsory, the provisions of this Code regulating the procedure of enforcement against the property secured by the mortgage shall apply mutatis mutandis to enforcement against the property secured by the pledge.\n\n\n3. Where the object of the pledge is transferred to the creditor, imposed enforcement against the property secured by the pledge shall be carried out in accordance with the procedure laid down in the pledge transaction.\n\n\n4. A creditor, a debtor and a pledgor (where a pledgor is not a debtor) shall have the right to agree, either in a pledge transaction or in the course of enforcement, that the object of the pledge is to be transferred into the creditor\u2019s ownership or realised in any other way agreed by the parties. The agreement to transfer the object of the pledge into the creditor\u2019s ownership shall be presumed when the object of the pledge is transferred to the creditor at the time of pledging.\n\n\n5. Where the proceeds from the sale of the collateral are not sufficient to satisfy the claim of the pledgee in full, the pledgee shall have the right to recover the remaining amount from the debtor\u2019s other property unless otherwise provided by law or the pledge transaction. In this case, the pledgee shall have no priority over other creditors."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 5ea8f8e1-197d-4d12-9fa4-64ebeb135c9f
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.220. Realisation of property rights subject to the pledge\n\n\n1. Where the object of the pledge is property rights, the object of the pledge shall be realised by transferring to the creditor the pledgor\u2019s claims arising from the pledged property right or a part of the claims corresponding to the amount of the debt obligation or by transferring to the creditor the right to administer property rights and satisfy his claim from the received funds.\n\n\n2. A creditor shall acquire the right to demand the transfer of the pledged property right or administration of the pledged property right from the time when he acquires the right of enforcement against the object of the pledge.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.221. Procedure for the satisfaction of the creditor\u2019s claim secured by the funds in the bank account of the pledgor\n\n\n1. Where funds in the bank account of the pledgor have been pledged to secure the discharge of the obligation, the creditor shall acquire the right to operate the bank account of the pledgor from the moment of emergence of the right of enforcement against the object of the pledge.\n\n\n2. Having satisfied the claim from the existing and incoming funds in the pledgor\u2019s bank account, the right of the creditor to operate the account of the pledgor terminates and the creditor must return to the pledgor the pledge transaction with an inscription therein about the satisfaction of the claim."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.222. Settlements after the realisation of the collateral\n\n\n1. Where, after the realisation of the collateral, the proceeds are in excess of the creditor\u2019s claim, the difference in the amount must be paid to the pledgor.\n\n\n2. Where, through the fault of a creditor, the collateral was realised at a lower price, the pledgor shall have the right to demand from the creditor the difference between the real market value of the thing and the price at which the thing was sold.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.223. Assignment of the claim secured by the pledge or the right arising from the pledge\n\n\n1. The contract on the assignment of the claim secured by the pledge or part of it must be concluded following the rules established in Book Six of this Code specifying requirements for the assignment of a claim. A debtor must be notified about the assignment of a claim and, where the pledgor is a third party, the latter must also be notified.\n\n\n2. Where the object of the pledge is transferred to a third party or remains with the pledgor, the assignment of the right arising from the pledge may be used against third parties from the moment of registering the assignment of this right in the public register. Where the object of the pledge is transferred to the creditor, the assignment of the right arising from the pledge may be used against third parties from the time of transferring the possession of the object of the pledge to a new creditor."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: bb24abac-8bb2-4b8a-af9f-1106575f0e17
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.224. Extinction of the right to pledge\n\n\n1. The right to pledge shall be extinguished:\n\n\n1) upon the expiry of the obligation secured by the pledge;\n\n\n2) upon the loss of the collateral;\n\n\n3) when the pledgee acquires the ownership right to the collateral or when the pledged rights are assigned to the pledgee;\n\n\n4) upon the expiry of the period of validity of the right that is the subject of the pledge;\n\n\n5) when the creditor cannot satisfy his claim from the subject of the pledge due to the delay of the limitation of actions;\n\n\n6) by agreement between the parties or when the creditor renounces the pledge.\n\n\n2. Where the pledged property is forcibly sold upon the demand of the creditor to whom the property has been pledged, all property pledges shall be revoked.\n\n\n3. An extinguished pledge shall be removed from the public register. A creditor, a debtor or a pledgor shall file an application for deregistration of the extinguished pledge by means of information technology to the public register in accordance with the procedure laid down in the regulations of this register (where an application for deregistration of the extinguished pledge is filed by the debtor or the pledgor, the creditor must provide a confirmation of the extinction of the pledge by means of information technology).  An application of the creditor, the debtor or the pledgor for deregistration of the extinguished pledge may also be filed with a notary who shall forward the data on the extinction of the pledge to the public register."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4. The renewal of the pledge shall be subject mutatis mutandis to the provisions of this Book regulating mortgage renewal."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.225. Guarantees of the pledgor\u2019s interests\n\n\n1. The pledgor shall have the right at any time from the date of maturity of the obligation until the moment of realisation of the subject of the pledge to revoke the pledge by properly discharging the obligation secured by the pledge.\n\n\n2. Where the obligation secured by the pledge may be discharged in parts, the pledgor shall have the right to suspend the enforcement against the subject of the pledge by discharging the part of the obligation in respect of which the deadline has been missed.\n\n\n3. The pledgor shall have the right to claim from the creditor compensation for losses incurred during the enforcement proceedings, also losses resulting from the improper custody of the subject of the pledge or forced sale of it.\n\n\n4. The creditor must enforce the recovery in the most economical manner possible and may not unreasonably enrich himself at the debtor\u2019s (pledgor\u2019s) expense.\n\n\n5. From the day of registration of the writ of execution in the public register, the debtor (pledgor) shall have the right to transfer the pledged property with the consent of the creditor. Having ascertained the solvency of the buyer suggested by the debtor (pledgor), the creditor must give his consent to enter into a transfer transaction where the selling price of the collateral corresponds to the amount of the principal claim secured by the pledge and the interest arising therefrom."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "6. Where the creditor has initiated unreasonable recovery without due grounds or has filed an unreasonable claim, the debtor (pledgor) shall have the right to dispute the lawfulness of the creditor\u2019s actions in contentious proceedings. Filing of an action shall not suspend the recovery procedure. The recovery procedure may be suspended only upon application of interim protection measures by court in the cases specified by law.\n\n\n7. Where the property is pledged by the pledge of another\u2019s property, the pledgor shall be held subsidiarily liable with the debtor from the date of non-performance of the obligation secured by the pledge. Administration of the property may not be established in respect of the property pledged by the pledge of another\u2019s property."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.226. Extinction of the pledge by depositing money\n\nWhere the pledgee refuses to accept the subject of the monetary obligation secured by the pledge, the pledgor may pay a respective amount into the deposit account of a bank or any other credit institution of a notary (where a pledge transaction has been certified by a notary). Once the full amount of the debt has been deposited, the pledge shall expire.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.227. Concept of the pledge at a pawnshop\n\n\n1. Articles of personal use may be pledged at pawnshops in order to secure the repayment of short-term credits that are granted to natural persons by pawnshops.\n\n\n2. When transferring pledged things to a pawnshop, the pledgor shall be issued a pledge ticket."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 4c5ac7a5-33df-4590-8794-9e6b24a9b0d4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.228. Rights, duties and responsibilities of a pawnshop\n\n\n1. A pawnshop shall have no right to use or dispose of pledged things, except in the case specified in paragraph 3 of this Article.\n\n\n2. A pawnshop shall be liable for the loss/destruction and damage of pledged things unless it proves that the things have been lost/destroyed or damaged due to force majeure.\n\n\n3. Where the amount of credit secured by the pledge of the thing is not repaid to a pawnshop within a specified period, the pawnshop shall have the right, upon the expiration of one month, to sell the pledged thing in accordance with the procedure established in paragraphs 2 and 5 of Article 4.219, Articles 4.222 and 4.225 of this Code.\n\n\n4. After the pledged thing is sold, the right of claim of a pawnshop in respect of the pledgor (debtor) shall extinguish even if the amount received from the sale of the thing is not sufficient to satisfy in full the requirements of the pawnshop as a creditor.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER XIII\n\nRETENTION OF A THING\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.229. Content of the right of retention\n\n\n1. A lawful possessor who has the right of claim in respect of the owner of the thing belonging to another shall be entitled to retain the thing until his claim is satisfied.\n\n\n2. The right of retention may not be exercised before the expiry of the time limit for performance of the obligation.\n\n\n3. Other laws may specify other rules for the retention of the thing."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 891af488-9673-478f-95e1-b3765fd64d8c
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.230. Indivisibility of the right of retention\n\nThe right of retention shall be indivisible, therefore the possessor may retain the entire thing until his claim is fully satisfied.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.231. Right in respect of fruits of the retained thing\n\n\n1. A person who enjoys the right of retention may keep the fruits of the retained thing and thus satisfy his claims prior to other creditors.\n\n\n2. Initially, the interest shall be paid from the proceeds of the fruits of the thing, while claims arising from the principal obligation shall be satisfied subsequently.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.232. Custody conditions of the retained thing\n\n\n1. A person who has the right of retention must keep and preserve the thing in such a way that its safety is ensured.\n\n\n2. A person who has the right of retention may not lease, pledge or otherwise encumber the thing or use it in accordance with its intended purpose, except for the use that is necessary to preserve the thing unless the law provides otherwise or the person who retained the thing and the owner of the thing have agreed otherwise.\n\n\n3. Where a person who has the right of retention breaches the duties laid down in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article, the debtor shall have the right to apply to the court for the transfer of the thing to him."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 9d2bf1a5-2be7-4415-b96c-34a88bccb697
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metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.233. Reimbursement of expenses related to the retention of the thing\n\n\n1. Where the person who has the right of retention has incurred expenses related to the retained thing, he may demand from the owner of the thing to cover the expenses thereof, except when the owner proves that such expenses were not necessary.\n\n\n2. Where the person who has the right of retention within the time of retention incurs expenses that increase the value of the thing, he may demand from the owner of the thing to pay the amount by which the value of the thing has increased or to cover the expenses in some other way.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.234. Limitation of actions in cases of retention\n\nThe exercise of the right of retention shall not affect the limitation of actions that has been established for the claim in respect of which the possessor of the thing has the right thereof.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.235. Extinction of the right of retention\n\n\n1. The debtor, having submitted the adequate proof that he has performed his obligation, shall be entitled to demand the transfer of the thing to him.\n\n\n2. The right of retention of the thing shall extinguish when the possessor of the thing loses the right of possession, except when, upon the consent of the owner of the thing (the debtor), the thing is leased or pledged to other persons.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER XIV\n\nADMINISTRATION OF THE PROPERTY OF OTHERS"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "CHAPTER XIV\n\nADMINISTRATION OF THE PROPERTY OF OTHERS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.236. Scope of application of property administration provisions\n\n\n1. Provisions of this Chapter shall regulate the activities of each person who administers the property belonging by the ownership right to another, except where this Code or other laws provide for another form of property administration.\n\n\n2. Administration shall be established by a court order, by law or by transaction. In cases provided for under this Code, the administration may be established by an administrative act.\n\n\n3. In the course of enforcement proceedings, the administration of the debtor\u2019s property shall be established by a bailiff in accordance with the procedure laid down by the Code of Civil Procedure. In this case, the authorisations provided for in Articles 4.240(4) and 4.243(4) of this Code shall be issued by a bailiff who has established the administration of the debtor\u2019s property.\n\n\n4. The fact of administration of an immovable thing shall be registered in the public register and the administrator thereof shall be indicated.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.237. Property administrator\n\n\n1. Any natural or legal person who is permitted by legal acts to provide administrative services may be a property administrator.\n\n\n2. In concluding transactions, the administrator must indicate that he acts in the capacity of an administrator."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.238. Right of the property administrator to remuneration\n\n\n1. The property administrator shall be entitled to the remuneration fixed in the act establishing administration, except where the administration is gratuitous under the law. Where the remuneration is not fixed in the act establishing administration, it shall be established by the court according to the market value of the services rendered by the administrator.\n\n\n2. Where the administrator is not paid on time, he shall be entitled to keep the appropriate amount as remuneration for the administrative services rendered from the sum to be paid to the beneficiary, or to retain the property until the time he is paid.\n\n\n3. Where there are several beneficiaries, they shall be jointly and severally liable for the payment of remuneration to the administrator.\n\n\n4. A person administering property without any legal grounds shall not be entitled to remuneration.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.239. Kinds of property administration\n\n\n1. A simple property administration shall be established when the administrator performs all the acts necessary to preserve the property or to ensure that it is used for its intended purpose; a full property administration shall be established when the administrator is not only to preserve the property but also to increase it, to manage it in such a way that it generates income, and to use it for the purpose that is in the best interests of the beneficiary.\n\n\n2. The kind of administration shall be established in the act establishing administration. Where the kind of administration is not established in the act establishing administration, it shall be deemed to be simple administration."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.240. Content of simple property administration\n\n\n1. In the case of simple property administration, the administrator must collect the fruits and revenues of the property, register debts and give valid acquittance for them from the property under his administration, and exercise other rights pertaining to the management and use of the property. The administrator shall be entitled to safely invest the proceeds in accordance with the provisions of this Chapter.\n\n\n2. Where securities are administered, the administrator shall be entitled to vote and exercise other rights and obligations pertaining to securities.\n\n\n3. The administrator shall not be entitled to change the intended purpose of the property unless he is authorised to make such a change by the court.\n\n\n4. With the authorisation of the court, the administrator may transfer the property to other persons for payment or to pledge it where it is necessary for the payment of the debts or the maintenance of the value of the property. The administrator may realise perishable property without an authorisation of the court.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.241. Content of full administration of property\n\nIn the case of full property administration, the administrator, in addition to the rights stipulated in Article 4.240 of this Code, may also transfer the property, invest, pledge, charge it with a real right or change its intended purpose."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.242. Obligations of the property administrator towards the beneficiary\n\n\n1. In carrying out his obligations, the administrator must comply with laws and rules of the act establishing administration. The administrator shall not be liable for the normal wear and tear of the property and for the decrease in the value of the property or the destruction of the property due to force majeure.\n\n\n2. The administrator must discharge his obligations with prudence, honesty and solely in the best interests of the beneficiary. The administrator may not exercise his powers in his own interest or that of a third person.\n\n\n3. Where the administrator himself is a beneficiary, he must carry out his duties in the common interests of all beneficiaries, acting impartially and with equal respect for and protection of the rights of all beneficiaries.\n\n\n4. The administrator shall have the right to make claims related to the administration of property as well as to join the case initiated by other persons in relation to the property under administration.\n\n\n5. In appreciating the extent of civil liability of the administrator for the damage caused, and in view of the fact that the administrator has acted gratuitously and other important circumstances, the court may reduce the resulting damages."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.243. Prohibitions in respect of the property administrator\n\n\n1. The administrator shall be prohibited from carrying out his functions in his own personal interest. The administrator must notify the beneficiary without delay about each conflict of interests.\n\n\n2. The administrator shall have no right to merge or mingle the property under administration with his own property, to use the  property under administration or information related to administration of the property in his interests, except where permitted by the beneficiary or the act establishing administration.\n\n\n3. The administrator shall have no right to transfer the property under administration to other persons gratuitously, he may not renounce any rights belonging to the beneficiary in respect of the property under administration.\n\n\n4. The administrator shall have no right to acquire ownership of the property under administration, except with the authorisation of the beneficiary or the court or where he acquires the property under administration by succession."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.244. Obligations of the property administrator or the beneficiary towards third persons\n\n\n1. The administrator shall not be personally liable towards third persons in respect of obligations arising from property administration, except if he acts on his own behalf.\n\n\n2. The administrator shall be personally liable towards third persons when he exceeds his powers unless the transaction was subsequently ratified by the beneficiary or a third person was aware of the fact that the administrator acted in excess of his powers.\n\n\n3. The beneficiary shall be liable towards third persons for the damage caused by the fault of the administrator in carrying out his functions only to the extent of the amount which he has derived from the administrator.\n\n\n4. It shall be deemed that the administrator exceeds his powers if he has alone performed such actions that could have been only performed jointly with another person, except for cases when he has performed such actions more advantageously than he has been requested to do."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.245. Making an inventory of the property under administration and its insurance\n\n\n1. The administrator shall be bound to make an inventory of the property, to insure the property against theft, fire and other natural disasters, to insure his own civil liability or to otherwise ensure the fulfilment of his obligations only where this is stipulated by law, the act establishing administration or a court judgment. Both the property and the civil liability of the administrator shall be insured at the expense of the beneficiary unless provided otherwise.\n\n\n2. Where the administrator is bound to make an inventory of the property, such an inventory must contain the following:\n\n\n1) the indication of the type, value, purpose, location and individual characteristics of things;\n\n\n2) securities and currency in cash;\n\n\n3) property-related rights and obligations.\n\n\n3. The property described in the inventory shall be presumed to be in appropriate condition on the date of the preparation of the inventory unless it is proved otherwise.\n\n\n4. The administrator shall furnish the inventory to the person or the institution that entrusted him with the administration, while copies of the inventory shall be sent to the beneficiary and other interested persons known to the administrator in relation to the property under administration. Any interested person shall have the right to contest the inventory and demand that a new inventory be prepared."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.246. Joint administration of the property\n\n\n1. Where several administrators are charged with administration of the property, all decisions pertaining to property administration shall be taken by a majority of them unless the law or the act establishing administration requires all of them to act jointly.\n\n\n2. If several administrators avoid taking a decision, the others may apply to the court for the authorisation to act individually or to modify the decision-taking procedure.\n\n\n3. An administrator shall be presumed to have approved any decision made in his absence unless he makes his dissent known to the beneficiary and other administrators within a reasonable time after becoming aware of the decision.\n\n\n4. An administrator may delegate only specific acts to other persons or his representative. An administrator may delegate all his functions only to his co-administrators. An administrator himself shall be liable for the actions performed by such persons."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.247. Liability of administrators in joint administration of property\n\n\n1. All administrators shall be jointly and severally liable for joint administration unless their duties have been allocated by law, a court judgment or an act establishing administration. In that event, each administrator shall be liable for his own administration only.\n\n\n2. An administrator shall be relieved of liability for the decision taken if he immediately indicates his dissent to his co-administrators and notifies it to the beneficiary. The administrator may be relieved of liability if he proves that, having indicated to co-administrators his dissent, he was unable for serious reasons to make his dissent known to the beneficiary.\n\n\n3. Administrators shall be liable to the beneficiary for their acts and, where they delegate their duties to other persons, they shall also be liable for the acts of persons to whom they have delegated their duties.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.248. Investment of property under administration\n\n\n1. Investments of property under administration shall be made in the name of the beneficiary unless otherwise provided by the law or an act establishing administration.\n\n\n2. Investments shall be presumed sound if the property:\n\n\n1) is invested into immovable things;\n\n\n2) is invested into government securities.\n\n\n3. An administrator who made unsound investments of the property shall be liable for any loss resulting from them."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.249. Use and accounting of revenues generated by the property under administration\n\n\n1. From the revenues generated by the property under administration, the administrator shall be entitled:\n\n\n1) to pay insurance premiums pertaining to the property under administration;\n\n\n2) to cover costs of the property repairs and maintenance;\n\n\n3) to pay taxes payable on the property under administration;\n\n\n4) to use part of property to cover depreciation expenses;\n\n\n5) to discharge other obligations related to property administration.\n\n\n2. The administrator must keep accounts of the revenue and expenditure. At the end of a calendar year, the administrator must render a detailed account of his administration. Where there are several property administrators, they must render a joint account unless their duties have been divided.\n\n\n3. The administrator must allow the beneficiary to examine the books and other financial documents. Any interested person may apply to the court with a request that the account and the activities of the administrator be audited.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.250. Extinction of property administration\n\nAdministration shall be extinguished:\n\n\n1) by extinction of the rights of the beneficiary in the property under administration;\n\n\n2) by expiry of the term of administration or fulfilment of the condition stipulated in the act establishing administration;\n\n\n3) by disappearance of the cause that gave rise to the establishment of  administration or by achievement of the purpose of the establishment of administration.\n\n\n4) by termination of property administration."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.251. Extinction of powers of a property administrator\n\n\n1. The powers of a property administrator shall extinguish:\n\n\n1) upon his death, upon liquidation of the administrator as a legal person or upon the initiation of bankruptcy proceedings against him;\n\n\n2) when the administrator renounces his powers;\n\n\n3) upon declaring the administrator to be legally incapable in this area or of limited legal capacity in this area;\n\n\n4) upon his replacement;\n\n\n5) upon termination of administration.\n\n\n2. The administrator may renounce his powers. He must notify thereof, one month ahead, a person or institution that appointed him, the beneficiary and other administrators if there are several of them.\n\n\n3. The administrator who has failed to give notice of his resignation in time must cover losses due to his resignation unless he was unable to give notice for serious reasons.\n\n\n4. The beneficiary or any other person concerned may apply for the replacement of an administrator if the administrator fails to fulfil his functions properly.\n\n\n5. Upon the death of the administrator, his successors must give notice of the death without delay to the person or institution that appointed him and the beneficiary. His successors must preserve the property as far as possible until the appointment of a new administrator."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.252. Consequences of the termination of property administration\n\n\n1. Upon the termination of administration, the administrator must render a report to the person/institution that appointed him, the beneficiary, as well as to the other administrators, deliver over the property at its location and repay everything that he has received in the performance of his duties, apart from the remuneration for administration.\n\n\n2. If the administrator concludes a transaction after the termination of administration being unaware of it and when he could not have been aware that the administration had terminated, such a transaction shall be valid and binding on the beneficiary. The same rule shall apply to transactions which were necessary to preserve the property under administration. The beneficiary shall also be bound by transactions contracted with the administrator by third persons who were unaware or could not have been aware that the administration had terminated.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER XV\n\nREGISTRATION OF THINGS, REAL RIGHTS AND JURIDICAL FACTS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.253. Objects of registration\n\n\n1. Registered things shall be immovable things and movable things by nature which are formed in accordance with the procedure established by law and the principles of registration of their acquisition and transfer are specified by legal acts.\n\n\n2. Things indicated in paragraph 1 of this Article, encumbrances, real rights and, in cases prescribed by laws, juridical facts must be registered in the public register."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.254. Registered juridical facts\n\nThe following juridical facts pertaining to things, encumbrances and real rights must be registered in the public register:\n\n\n1) transactions and decisions by which the legal status of the registered thing is changed or the possibilities for its possession, use and disposal are substantially modified;\n\n\n2) contracts of co-owners of the registered thing on the commonly owned thing;\n\n\n3) the inheritance of the registered thing;\n\n\n4) the seizure of the registered thing;\n\n\n5) changes of the registered thing (its size, purpose, etc.) and changes of surnames and names of persons and the name of the legal person who has real rights towards it;\n\n\n6) the fact of the initiation of a civil action on the legal status of the registered thing;\n\n\n7) final judgments that have an impact on the legal status of the registered thing and respective court orders;\n\n\n8) the fact of property administration;\n\n\n9) the fact of the formation of a new thing or the disappearance of the former thing."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.255. Legal principles for the registration of juridical facts in the public register\n\nDocuments certifying that juridical facts took place, based on which such juridical facts are registered in the public register, shall be the following:\n\n\n1) a decision of a public authority or a governmental institution;\n\n\n2) a court judgment, order, decision or sentence;\n\n\n3) a decision on the seizure of the property by institutions or officials established by laws;\n\n\n4) a marriage or divorce certificate, certificate on the change of the name or surname, or a death certificate of the property owner;\n\n\n5) a certificate of the right of inheritance;\n\n\n6) a notification of the court about the initiation of a civil action on the legal status of the registered thing;\n\n\n7) written transactions;\n\n\n8) a contract/deed of the sale of property in a public forced auction;\n\n\n9) other documents prescribed by laws."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.256. Applications to register things, encumbrances, real rights or juridical facts\n\n\n1. A person wishing to register the thing, encumbrances, real rights or juridical facts shall submit an application in the prescribed form to the data processor of the public register.\n\n\n2. An application to register the thing and rights of ownership to the thing shall be submitted by the person who has acquired the thing; upon the registration of real rights to the thing of another\u2019s as well as encumbrances, an application shall be submitted by the holder of such rights, a person interested in the registration thereof, or a notary. The application to register juridical facts shall be submitted by an authorised institution or by a person interested in their registration. A person shall submit the application in person or through his representative who has the authorisation issued in accordance with the procedure established by laws.\n\n\n3. Documents certifying the acquisition of the thing into ownership, encumbrances, the existence of real rights or the occurrence of juridical facts must accompany the application for registration.\n\n\n4. Upon the submission of accompanying documents, the data processor of the public register must issue a document certifying the fact of submission thereof if the person who has submitted them so requires."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.257. Examination of the application to register things, encumbrances, real rights or juridical facts and the adoption of the decision\n\n\n1. The data processor of the public register shall examine and adopt decisions pertaining to the application to register things, encumbrances, real rights or juridical facts. When the application has been examined, the following decisions may be taken: to satisfy the application, that is, to register things, encumbrances, real rights or juridical facts; or to reject the application, that is, to refuse to register things, encumbrances, real rights or juridical facts. In the cases prescribed by the law, the data processor of the public register may postpone the adoption of the decision, indicating the circumstances that hinder registration and setting a time limit for the elimination of those circumstances.\n\n\n2. After the adoption of the decision to register things, encumbrances, real rights or juridical facts, documents certifying their registration in the public register shall be issued.\n\n\n3. The fee for the registration of things, encumbrances, real rights or juridical facts shall be fixed by legal acts.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.258. Appeal against the registration and the refusal to register things, encumbrances, real rights or juridical facts\n\nIn accordance with the procedure established by laws, the persons concerned may appeal against the registration or the refusal to register things, encumbrances, real rights or juridical facts."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.259. Time of the registration of things, encumbrances, real rights or juridical facts\n\nThings, encumbrances, real rights or juridical facts shall be deemed registered when the respective data are entered into the public register in accordance with the procedure established by laws.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.260. Compensation for damage through the fault of the data processor of the public register\n\n\n1. The damage caused through the fault of the data processor of the public register shall be compensated in accordance with the procedure prescribed by laws. A person must apply to the data processor of the public register for compensation for damage no later than within one month from the date of becoming aware of the damage.\n\n\n2. The data processor of the public register shall not be held liable for the damage sustained by persons on the grounds of common principles for the exemption from civil liability as well as in cases when persons who have incurred damage:\n\n\n1) have submitted incorrect data to the data processor of the register;\n\n\n2) having learnt about an inaccurate or incorrect entry into the public register failed, within one month, to take any measures provided by laws to protect the rights that have been violated.\n\n\n3. Disputes concerning compensation for damage shall be settled by court.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 4.261. Right to use the data of the public register\n\nEach natural or legal person shall have the right to use the data of the public register, except for restrictions prescribed by laws. The procedure for and amount of remuneration for the use of public register data shall be determined by the Government."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4.262. Legal status of the register data\n\nThe data entered into the public register shall be deemed accurate and comprehensive until contested in the manner prescribed by laws.\n\n\n \n\n\nBOOK FIVE\n\nLAW OF SUCCESSION\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER I\n\nGENERAL PROVISIONS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.1. Concept of succession\n\n\n1. Succession shall mean the devolution of property rights, duties and some other personal non-property rights of a deceased natural person to his heirs by operation of law (intestate) or/and to successors by the will (testate).\n\n\n2. The following shall be subject to succession: material objects (movable and immovable things) and non-material objects (securities, patents, trade marks, etc.); the bequeather\u2019s rights to property claims and his property obligations; intellectual property (authors\u2019 property rights to works of literature, science and art, neighbouring property rights and rights to industrial property) in cases provided for by laws; and other property rights and duties stipulated by law.\n\n\n3. The following shall not be subject to succession: personal non-property and property rights inseparable from the person of the bequeather (right to honour and dignity, authorship, right to the author\u2019s name, inviolability of creative work, to the name of the performer and inviolability of performance), right to alimony and benefit paid for the maintenance of the bequeather, right to pension, except in cases provided for by laws."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.2. Grounds for succession\n\n\n1. Succession shall arise by operation of law and by a will.\n\n\n2. Succession shall arise by operation of law unless the testator has changed and to the extent he has changed the grounds for succession by his testamentary disposition.\n\n\n3. In the instances when there are no successors either by operation of law or by a will, or none of the successors accepts succession, or when the testator deprives all the heirs of the right to succession, the estate of the deceased shall devolve to the State pursuant to the right of succession.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.3. Opening of succession\n\n\n1. The time of the opening of succession shall be considered the moment of death of the bequeather, or, where he is declared deceased, the day when the judgment of the court on the declaring of the bequeather to be deceased becomes final, or the day of death indicated in the court judgment.\n\n\n2. Where it is impossible to determine which of the two or more persons survived each other, they all shall be considered to have died at the same time without giving rise to devolution of rights between them."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.4. Place of the opening of succession\n\n\n1. The place of the opening of succession shall be considered the last place of domicile of the bequeather (Article 2.12 of this Code).\n\n\n2. Where the bequeather had no permanent place of residence, the place of the opening of succession shall be considered to be:\n\n\n1) the place where the bequeather lived most time during the last six months before his death;\n\n\n2) if the bequeather resided in several places, the place of the opening of succession shall be considered the place of prevailing economic or personal interests of the bequeather (place of location of property or its principal part, when the property is situated in several places; the place of residence of the spouse with whom the bequeather maintained matrimonial relationship during the last six months before his death, or the place of residence of the child who was residing together with the bequeather).\n\n\n3. Where the place of residence of the bequeather is impossible to determine on the basis of the circumstances indicated in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article, the place of the opening of succession may be determined on the basis of the citizenship of the bequeather, his registration, the place of registration of the vehicles belonging to him, and other circumstances.\n\n\n4. In the event of a dispute, the place of the opening of succession shall be determined by the court at the request of the interested persons by taking  into account all the circumstances.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER II\n\nSUCCESSORS"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "CHAPTER II\n\nSUCCESSORS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.5. Persons who have the capacity to inherit\n\n\n1. The following persons shall have the capacity to inherit:\n\n\n1) in succession by operation of law: natural persons who survived the bequeather at the moment of his death, children of the bequeather who were born after his death, as well as the State of Lithuania;\n\n\n2) in succession pursuant to a will: natural persons who survived the testator at the moment of his death, as well as those who were conceived while the testator was still alive and were born after his death; persons upon their birth where named in the will before their conception;\n\n\n3) in succession pursuant to a will: legal persons which existed at the moment of death of the testator or established in executing the testator\u2019s true intent expressed in his will.\n\n\n2. The State or municipalities may also be entitled to inherit pursuant to a will."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.6. Persons unworthy of inheriting\n\n\n1. Those persons shall be unworthy of inheriting, either by operation of law or by a will, who by unlawful intentional actions against the bequeather, or against any of his successors, or against the execution of the true intent of the testator expressed in his will, created a legal situation to become successors if it was established within judicial procedure that they:\n\n\n1) deprived, by malicious intent, the bequeather or his successor of their life, or made an attempt on the life of those persons;\n\n\n2) intentionally created circumstances which hindered the testator until his death in writing, amendment or revocation of the will;\n\n\n3) made, by means of deceit, intimidation or coercion, the testator write up, amend or revoke the will made, or forced a successor to renounce succession;\n\n\n4) concealed, forged or destroyed the will.\n\n\n2. A successor shall not be unworthy of inheriting in accordance with points 3 and 4 of paragraph 1 of this Article if, before the opening of succession, the will or relevant parts thereof ceased to be valid despite the actions of the successor.\n\n\n3. Parents shall be unworthy of inheriting after the death of their children by operation of law if their parental authority was restricted by a court judgment, and this judgment was not extinguished or revoked at the moment of the opening of succession."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
id: 20288069-3eec-4a72-9657-945514451a48
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.7. Forfeiture of the right of succession by a spouse\n\n\n1. The surviving spouse shall forfeit his/her right of succession by operation of law if before the opening of succession:\n\n\n1) the bequeather had applied to the court for the dissolution of marriage because of the fault of the surviving spouse, and the court had established a ground for the dissolution of marriage;\n\n\n2) separation had been established by the court;\n\n\n3) there was a ground for declaring the marriage null and void if a suit had been brought for declaring the marriage null and void. This point shall not apply in respect of a spouse who was not at fault for the marriage being declared null and void.\n\n\n2. The grounds for declaring marriage null and void provided for in points 1 and 3 of paragraph 1 of this Article shall be established by the court before the opening of succession, or already after the opening of succession.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.8. Challenging of the right of succession\n\nA person claiming inheritance may challenge the lawfulness of the acceptance of succession as well as the issued certificate of the right of succession by bringing an action against the person who has accepted succession within a period of one year from the day of the opening of succession, or from the day when he became aware or ought to have become aware that the succession was accepted by another person."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.9. Effects of the challenging of the right of succession\n\n\n1. When the court judgment by which the person claiming inheritance is not acknowledged an heir with the right of succession becomes final, this person shall be considered as not having accepted succession.\n\n\n2. Where the action has been brought by an heir with the right of succession, he shall be considered as having accepted the succession, except in cases where this action is brought in the interests of other heirs.\n\n\n3. Other heirs who ought to acquire the right of succession upon the court judgment, indicated in paragraph 1 of this Article, becoming final shall have the right to accept succession within three months from the day when the court judgment becomes final.\n\n\n4. In respect of new heirs, heirship shall be considered open from the moment of the opening of succession (Article 5.3 of this Code).\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.10. Persons not entitled to testamentary reservation\n\nIn the event where the beneficiary of testamentary reservation has performed actions indicated in paragraph 1 of Article 5.6 of this Code, he shall forfeit his right to the testamentary reservation.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER III\n\nSUCCESSION BY OPERATION OF LAW (INTESTATE SUCCESSION)"}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.11. Order of intestate succession\n\n\n1. In intestate succession, the following persons shall be heirs to inheritance in equal shares:\n\n\n1) first degree descendants: bequeather\u2019s children (including adopted children) and bequeather\u2019s children born after his death;\n\n\n2) second degree descendants: bequeather\u2019s parents/adoptive parents and grandchildren;\n\n\n3) third degree descendants: bequeather\u2019s grandparents both on the father\u2019s and mother\u2019s side, bequeather\u2019s great grandchildren;\n\n\n4) fourth degree descendants: bequeather\u2019s brothers and sisters, great grandparents both on the father\u2019s and mother\u2019s side;\n\n\n5) fifth degree descendants: children of the bequeather\u2019s brothers and sisters (nephews and nieces), as well as brothers and sisters of the bequeather\u2019s parents (uncles and aunts);\n\n\n6) sixth degree descendants: children of the bequeather\u2019s parents\u2019 brothers and sisters (cousins).\n\n\n2. Second degree heirs shall inherit by operation of law only in the absence of the first degree heirs, or in the event of the latter\u2019s non-acceptance or renunciation of succession, as well as in cases where the first degree heirs are deprived of the right to inherit. The third, fourth, fifth and sixth degree heirs shall inherit in the absence of heirs of superior degree or in the event of the latter\u2019s renunciation of succession or deprivation of the right to succession."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. Adopted children and their descendants worthy to inherit after the death of their adoptive parent or his relatives shall be equalled to the children of the adoptive parent and their descendants. They shall not inherit by operation of law after the death of their parents and other blood relatives of a higher degree in the line of descent, as well as after the death of their blood brothers and sisters.\n\n\n4. Adoptive parents and their relatives worthy to inherit after the death of their adoptive child or his descendants shall be equalled to the parents and other blood relatives. Parents of the adopted child and other blood relatives of a superior degree in the line of descent shall not inherit by operation of law after the death of the adopted child or his descendants.\n\n\n5. Entitled to inherit by operation of law shall be the children of the bequeather born to married parents or to parents whose marriage has been declared null and void, as well as the children born out of wedlock with their paternity established in accordance with laws."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.12. Succession by the right of representation\n\nThe bequeather\u2019s grandchildren and great-grandchildren shall inherit by operation of law alongside with correspondingly the first and second degree heirs entitled to inherit in the event of the predecease, at the time of the opening of succession, of any of their parents who would have been a heir. They shall be entitled to equal shares of that part of estate which would have been inherited by their deceased father or mother pursuant to intestate succession.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.13. Spouses\u2019 right of inheritance\n\nThe surviving spouse of the bequeather shall be entitled to inherit pursuant to intestate succession or alongside with the heirs, if any, of either the first or second degree of descent. Together with the first degree heirs, he shall inherit one fourth of the inheritance in the event of existence of not more than three heirs apart from the spouse. In the event where there are more than three heirs, the spouse shall inherit in equal shares with the other heirs. If the spouse inherits with the second degree heirs, he/she shall be entitled to a half of the inheritance. In the event of absence of the first and second degree heirs, the spouse shall inherit the whole inheritable estate.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.14. Inheritance of house furnishing and household equipment\n\nOrdinary house furnishing and household equipment shall be devolved to the intestate heirs irrespective of their degree of descent and the share of inheritance if they resided together with the bequeather for a period of at least one year before his death."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "CHAPTER IV\n\nINHERITANCE BY WILL (TESTATE SUCCESSION)\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.15. Testamentary capacity\n\n\n1. A will may be made exclusively by the testator himself.\n\n\n2. A will may be made only by a person who is legally capable in this area and able to comprehend the importance and consequences of his actions.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.16. Nullity of a will or its parts\n\n\n1. A will shall be null and void if:\n\n\n1) made by a person legally incapable in this area;\n\n\n2) made by a person with limited legal capacity in this area;\n\n\n3) its content is unlawful and impossible to understand.\n\n \n\n \n\n\n2. A will may be declared null and void on other grounds of nullity of transactions.\n\n\n3. A perished will shall have no effect. The content of such a will may not be established by judicial procedure.\n\n\n4. A testator may not authorise another person to establish or alter the content of a will after the death of the testator."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.17. Contesting of a will\n\n\n1. An action for declaring a will or separate parts thereof null and void may be brought only by other intestate or testate successors who would be entitled to inherit if the will or separate parts thereof were declared null and void.\n\n\n2. On declaring a later made will null and void, the previous will shall not become effective, except in cases where a later will was declared null and void because it had been made under coercion or real threat, likewise, where it had been made by a person declared by the court to be legally incapable in this area or of limited legal capacity in this area.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.18. Conditions for making a will\n\n\n1. A testator shall make a will freely, without coercion or error. Ordinary persuasion or request of interested heirs for a will to be made in their favour shall not be considered coercion and shall not affect the validity of the will.\n\n\n2. Mistakes in the text of the will, incorrect naming of persons, or the fact that some characteristics or state of a certain person or thing has changed or disappeared shall have no effect if the true intent of the testator is clear from the content of the will."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.19. Right of a testator to bequeath his estate at his discretion\n\n\n1. Any natural person may bequeath all his property or a part thereof (including ordinary house furnishing and household equipment) to one or several persons irrespective of whether they are his heirs by operation of law, as well as to the State, municipalities or legal persons.\n\n\n2. A testator may bequeath all his property or a part thereof to legal persons which will have to be established in executing the will, as well as to natural persons not yet conceived and born.\n\n\n3. A testator may by his will disinherit one, several or all of his heirs.\n\n\n4. In the event where the testator failed to indicate what share of his estate he bequeathed to each of his successors by the will, the estate shall be divided in equal shares to all of them.\n\n\n5. In the event where the inheritable estate is distributed in the will in such a way that all the shares in their totality exceed the amount of the whole estate, the share of each successor shall be correspondingly reduced.\n\n\n6. In the event where the totality of all the shares is smaller than the amount of the whole estate, taking into account the content of the will, the shares of the estate devolved upon each of the successors shall be proportionally increased or the remaining property shall be devolved by the operation of law."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.20. Right to the mandatory share of the inheritance\n\n\n1. The testator\u2019s children/adoptees, spouse, parents/adoptive parents who were in need of maintenance at the time of the testator\u2019s death shall inherit, irrespective of the content of the will, a half of the share that each of them would have been entitled to by operation of law (mandatory share) unless more is bequeathed by the will.\n\n\n2. The mandatory share shall be determined by taking into account the value of the inheritable estate, including ordinary house furnishing and household equipment.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.21. Appointment of another successor\n\nA testator shall have the right by his will to designate another successor in case the successor appointed by the will died before the opening of succession or renounced the succession. The testator may likewise appoint another successor to the secondary successor in case the secondary successor died before the opening of succession or renounced the succession. The number of the appointments of other successors shall not be limited.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.22. Inheritance of the part of estate not bequeathed by a will\n\n\n1. The part of the testator\u2019s estate which remained not included into a will shall be divided in equal shares between the intestate heirs who inherit in accordance with the rules provided for in Articles 5.11 to 5.14 of this Code.\n\n\n2. These heirs shall also include the intestate successors who have a share of inheritable estate bequeathed to them by a will unless otherwise provided for by the will."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.23. Testamentary reservation\n\n\n1. The testator shall have the right to obligate a testate successor to fulfil a certain obligation (testamentary reservation) for the benefit of one or several persons, while these persons shall acquire the right to demand fulfilment of this obligation. Beneficiaries of the testamentary reservation may be intestate heirs as well as any other persons.\n\n\n2. The successor authorised by the testator must fulfil the testamentary reservation without exceeding the value of the property inheritable by him after the claims of the testator\u2019s creditors have been satisfied.\n\n\n3. If the testate successor, authorised to fulfil the testamentary reservation, is entitled to the mandatory share of the inheritance, he shall fulfil the testamentary reservation without exceeding the value of the property inheritable by him which is bigger than his mandatory share.\n\n\n4. In the event where the successor authorised to fulfil testamentary reservation dies before the opening of succession or renounces the succession, the obligation to fulfil the testamentary reservation shall be alienated to the other successors who have received the share of that successor.\n\n\n5. In the event where the executor of the testamentary reservation is not specified in the will, the testamentary reservation shall be excluded from the inheritable estate until the shares of the property inheritable by the successors have been determined.\n\n\n6. The testamentary reservation shall become invalid in the event of the death of its beneficiary before the opening of the succession."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.24. Acceptance of the testamentary reservation\n\n\n1. The beneficiary of the testamentary reservation shall have the right to accept the testamentary reservation within the period of three months from the day when he became aware or ought to have become aware of his entitlement to the testamentary reservation.\n\n\n2. The beneficiary of the testamentary reservation shall inform about his acceptance thereof the executor of the will/administrator of inheritance, the successor who has accepted succession and is authorised to fulfil the testamentary reservation, or the notary of the place of the opening of succession. In the event where the testamentary reservation is related to the right to immovable property, the application shall in all cases be filed with the notary. The notary shall issue a certificate of the right to inheritance and the testamentary reservation shall be registered in the public register."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.25. Types of testamentary reservation\n\n\n1. In the event where the subject matter of the testamentary reservation is a thing defined by its individual features, the beneficiary of the testamentary reservation, having accepted thereof, shall acquire the right of ownership to this thing from the moment of the acceptance of succession. From that moment, the thing shall be transferred to the beneficiary of the testamentary reservation together with all the rights and duties relating to this thing which belonged to the testator. The accessories of the principal thing shall also belong to the beneficiary of the testamentary reservation.\n\n\n2. In the even where the subject matter of the testamentary reservation is composed of claims resulting from obligations, all the supplementary claims which had to be fulfilled before the death of the testator shall also belong to the beneficiary of the testamentary reservation.\n\n\n3. In the event where the subject matter of the testamentary reservation is movable things defined as to specific features, such testamentary reservation must be fulfilled irrespective of the existence of such things in the inheritance. If there are several things of this kind, the right of choice shall belong to the beneficiary of the testamentary reservation unless otherwise provided for by the will.\n\n\n4. The testator shall have the right to obligate a successor, to whom an immovable thing (land, house, apartment, etc.) or a private (personal) enterprise is devolved, to allow another person, for a certain period or for life, to use the immovable thing or its part, or to transfer the revenue, or a part thereof, derived from that property."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "5. In the event where the testator by his testamentary reservation established maintenance for somebody without specifying its content, such person shall be entitled to board, accommodation, clothing and medical care, and those who study shall be entitled to have their study expenses paid for the whole duration of their study, but not longer than until they reach the age of 24."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.26. Bequeathing of property to society for useful and charitable purposes\n\n\n1. A testator may bequeath his whole estate, its part, or an individual thing to society for useful and charitable purposes. A legal person to be established in executing the wish of the testator may be appointed as successor to such property. The testator may obligate his successor or the executor of the will to establish such a legal person.\n\n\n2. In the event where the successor or the executor of the will fails to take any action for the establishment of the legal person, the interested persons may apply to the court with a request to appoint an administrator and obligate the latter to establish the legal person stipulated in the will.\n\n\n3. Where the social need for which the estate was intended disappears or the property cannot be used for the purpose indicated in the will, and in absence of any related instructions from the testator, the question of further use of such property shall be decided by the court of the place of the opening of succession. Such property must be used for the purposes similar to those indicated by the testator.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.27. Types of wills\n\nWills may be official and private."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.28. Official wills\n\n\n1. Official wills are such wills which are made in writing in two copies and attested by the notary or an official of a consulate of the Republic of Lithuania in the relevant state.\n\n\n2. Public wills of persons with hearing and speech impairment shall be made with the participation of a person who understands sign language and is trusted by the testator, except in cases where the person with hearing and speech impairment is literate and can read the written up will and confirm in writing of his awareness of the content of the will.\n\n\n3. The place and time when the will was made shall be indicated therein. The written up will shall be read to the testator alone or with the participation of witnesses. The will shall be signed by the testator himself. The will shall be attested and registered in the Notarial Register in his presence. One copy of the will shall be handed in to the testator, the other shall remain with the institution which has attested it. The information about the making of the will and its content shall be confidential.\n\n\n4. If the will possessed by the testator or any other person fails to conform to the will deposited with the notary, in case of dispute preference shall be given to the will deposited with the notary, providing that it does not contain any corrections, deletions or erasures that were not agreed upon in accordance with the established procedure.\n\n\n5. The fact of making an official will may not be disputed.\n\n\n6. The following shall be equalled to official wills:"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "5. The fact of making an official will may not be disputed.\n\n\n6. The following shall be equalled to official wills:\n\n\n1) wills of persons undergoing treatment in hospitals or any other institutions of medical care and disease prevention or in sanatoriums, as well as wills of persons living in the social care homes for the elderly or disabled people, attested by the chief doctors, their deputies for medical matters or doctors on duty of these hospitals, institutions of medical care or sanatoriums, as well as by the directors or chief doctors of social care homes for the elderly or disabled people;\n\n\n2) wills of persons sailing in seagoing vessels or ships of internal waters flying the flag of the Republic of Lithuania, attested by the masters of those ships;\n\n\n3) wills of persons participating in surveyor, research, sport or any other expeditions, attested by the heads of those expeditions;\n\n\n4) wills of soldiers, attested by the commanders of their units, formations or institutions and military schools;\n\n\n5) wills of inmates of the places of confinement, attested by the heads of these institutions;\n\n\n6) wills attested by the wardens of the testator\u2019s place of residence.\n\n\n7. Persons indicated in paragraph 6 of this Article must transfer the attested will to the notary as soon as possible in accordance with the procedure determined by the Minister of Justice."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.29. Signing of wills by another person\n\nIn the event where the testator due to his physical disabilities, illness or any other reasons is unable to sign the will himself, it may be signed, upon the testator\u2019s request and in the presence of the notary or any other official authorised to attest the will and at least two witnesses, by another legally capable natural person who is not a testate successor, by concurrently indicating the reason for which the testator is not able to sign the will himself. Witnesses must also put their signatures in the will."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.30. Private will\n\n\n1. A private will shall be a will written up in hand by the testator, indicating the first name and surname of the testator, the date (year, month, day) and place where the will was made, expressing the true intent of the testator and signed by him. A private will may be written up in any language. Failure to indicate the date and place of the making of the will shall render it invalid only in those cases where it is impossible to determine the date and place of the making of the will by any other way, or they are not possible to infer from other circumstances.\n\n\n2. Corrections introduced by the hand of the testator and the deletions explained by him shall not render the will invalid. Such conditions shall be valid which were mistakenly deleted by the hand of the testator who later made an inscription by his hand testifying that those conditions were deleted by mistake. The will shall be valid if there is some word omitted by mistake, or a word contains a spelling mistake; the relevant conditions shall also be valid, providing that their meaning is not obscure.\n\n\n3. A will which is undeniably unfinished and unsigned shall be null and void.\n\n\n4. If a will contains an inscription about the testator\u2019s intent to supplement it in the future though he failed to accomplish that, such will shall be valid, providing that it can be executed without the intended supplement."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.31. Depositing of a private will\n\n\n1. A testator may deposit his will with the notary or a consular officer of the Republic of Lithuania in a foreign state. In accepting a will for deposit, the identity of the testator must be established.\n\n\n2. A deposited will shall be equalled to an official will if the deposit was performed pursuant to the following requirements:\n\n\n1) the will was deposited by the testator himself who declared that the will expressed his final true intent;\n\n\n2) the will was deposited in a sealed envelope, the measures for the protection of the envelope against damage were enforced, and both the testator and the person accepting the will put their signatures on the envelope;\n\n\n3) an act on the acceptance of the will for deposit has been written up, indicating that the requirements specified in point 1 and 2 of paragraph 2 of this Article have not been violated, as well as providing a description of the envelope, measures for the protection of the envelope against damage, an indication of the testator\u2019s name, surname, personal number, and his place of residence, the place and date of the making of the will and its kind, and the official position, name and surname of the person who accepted the will for deposit. The act shall be signed by the testator and the official accepting the will for deposit. The testator shall be issued with a copy of the act."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. The accepted will shall be kept in the safe of the institution of deposit. The testator may take the will back at any time. The will may also be handed in to an agent of the testator under a special authorisation of the testator.\n\n\n4. In the event where a private will was not transferred for deposit in accordance with the procedure established in this Article, it must be confirmed by the court within a period of one year from the death of the testator. In this case, only a will confirmed by the court shall be valid."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.32. Register of wills\n\n\n1. The data controller of the Register of wills made in the territory of the Republic of Lithuania shall be the Ministry of Justice, and the data processor of this Register shall be designated by the Government.\n\n\n2. Notaries and consular officers must notify the data processor of the Register of wills within three working days about the wills that have been attested, accepted for deposit or revoked. The notification shall include the testator\u2019s name, surname, personal number, and his place of residence, the place and date of the making of the will, its kind, and the place of deposit. The content of the will shall not be divulged.\n\n\n3. After the death of the testator, the data of the Register may be transferred to the court, notary and other interested persons.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.33. Announcement of the will\n\n\n1. As soon as the notary of the place of the opening of succession becomes aware of the death of the testator, he shall establish a date for the announcement of the will and notify about it the known successors and other interested persons. Where the envelope containing the will has been secured by protective measures against damage, a record must be drawn up specifying therein whether the envelope and the protective measures against damage are intact. Where there are several wills, all of them shall be announced.\n\n\n2. After having announced the will, the notary must take all the measures necessary to establish the place of residence of all the successors and other interested persons who were not present when the will was announced, and without delay inform them about the content of the will."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.34. Time limit for keeping the will in deposit\n\nWhere a will is kept in deposit for a period of over 30 years, the depository institution must verify, by the means available, whether the testator is still alive. If it becomes clear that the testator is dead, the envelope with the will shall be opened and the will announced.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.35. Revocation, supplementation and alteration of a will\n\n\n1. The testator shall have the right at any time to alter, supplement or revoke a will made by him by drawing up a new will, or not to make a will.\n\n\n2. A will made at a later time shall annul the whole previous will or a certain part thereof which contradicts the later will. This provision shall not apply in respect of a joint will of spouses.\n\n\n3. The testator may also revoke an official will by filing an application with the depositor of the will or the institution which attested it. The signature of the testator on such application must be witnessed in accordance with the procedure established by laws.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.36. Conditions of a will\n\n\n1. The testator may appoint a successor or a beneficiary of the testamentary reservation by specifying one or several conditions to be fulfilled by them in order to inherit.\n\n\n2. Unlawful conditions, or conditions contrary to the usages, or those violating the requirements of good morals shall be null and void."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.37. Execution of a will\n\n\n1. A will shall be executed by the executor of the will or a successor appointed by the testator, or by an administrator of inheritance appointed by the court.\n\n\n2. No one may be appointed executor of a will against his wish, however, the person who has assumed the duties of the executor of the will may not relinquish those duties without important reasons.\n\n\n3. The testator may appoint one or several executors of the will. The testator may likewise appoint a secondary executor of the will in case the primary executor is not able to fulfil his duties. In this event, the consent of the secondary executor shall be required, either inscribed in the will itself or expressed in a statement appended to the will.\n\n\n4. The person who has signed the will on behalf of the testator may not be an executor of the will.\n\n\n5. In the event where the testator failed to appoint an executor, or the appointed executor or a successor are not able to fulfil their duties, the district court of the place of the opening of succession shall appoint an administrator of inheritance to perform all the actions necessary for the execution of the will.\n\n\n6. A person who has embarked upon the execution of a will shall have no right to relinquish those duties without important reasons."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.38. Rights and duties of the executor of the will appointed by the testator\n\n\n1. The executor of the will shall perform all the actions necessary for the execution of the will. Pending the appointment of the administrator of inheritance or the establishment of the successors, the executor of the will shall perform the functions of a successor, i.e. possess the inheritance, compile the inventory of the inheritance, pay the debts of the inheritance, recover the debts from the testator\u2019s debtors, provide maintenance for the successors who are entitled to it, perform the search of successors, establish whether the successors accept the inheritance, etc. In his activity, the executor shall be guided by the will. In executing the will, the executor shall consult with the successors. Any dispute concerning the execution of the will shall be decided by the district court of the place of the opening of succession.\n\n\n2. In performing his duties, the executor of the will must act with the same diligence as in taking care of his private interests. Where the executor of the will receives payment for his work, he shall be liable to the successors and other interested persons for any loss caused by his negligent actions.\n\n\n3. Where the testator has appointed several executors of the will without clearly defining their corresponding rights and duties, they shall act jointly. Any disagreement between them over the execution of the will shall be decided in judicial proceedings. The executors shall be jointly liable for the actions performed upon their mutual consent."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4. Where one of the executors has been given a specific assignment by the testator, or authorised with execution of a certain part of the will, such executor shall be liable solely for his own actions.\n\n\n5. Expenses incurred in the execution of the will shall be covered from the inherited estate.\n\n\n6. The executor shall perform his duties gratuitously where nothing has been specified by the testator in his will concerning payment."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
topic: persistent://default/default/4f40231e-9abd-4a44-b09a-ddceb5c440c4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.39. Inventory of inheritance\n\n\n1. Having assumed the management of the inheritance, the executor of the will or the administrator of the inheritance must immediately compile an inventory of the inheritance, listing the whole inheritable estate, as well as all the amounts due to and owed by the testator. A successor, who expresses such a wish, may participate in the compilation of the inventory of the property.\n\n\n2. The executor of the will or the administrator of the inheritance shall have the right upon his discretion, or the obligation upon the demand of a successor, to apply to the bailiff with a request to compile the inventory. The executor of the will or the administrator of the inheritance shall apply to the bailiff upon the issuing by the notary of an executory assignment concerning the compilation of the inventory.\n\n\n3. Expenses incurred in the compilation of the inventory of inheritance shall be covered from the inherited assets.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.40. Possession of inheritance and its duration\n\nThe testator may authorise the executor of the will to possess the inheritance, accepted pursuant to the established procedure, without casting any further obligations on him, or authorise the possession of inheritance after other assignments of the testator have been fulfilled. The duration of such possession may be specified in the will by indicating a definite time limit or a certain event (attainment of a certain age by the successor, death of a successor, marriage, etc.). Such time limit may not exceed the period of 20 years from day of the opening of succession."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.41. Report of the executor of the will\n\nHaving fulfilled the execution of the will, the executor of the will or the administrator of the inheritance must, upon the request of the successors, provide them with the report. Where the will is being executed for a period exceeding one year, and the possession of the inheritance is performed by the executor of the will or the administrator (Article 5.40 of this Code), such reports must be submitted every year.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.42. Removal of the executor of the will or the administrator of the inheritance\n\nWhere the executor of the will or the administrator of the inheritance improperly fulfils his duty, violates the interests of the successors, beneficiaries of the testamentary reservation, of the testator\u2019s creditors and those of other interested persons, the court of the place of the opening of succession shall have the right, upon the demand of the latter persons, to remove the executor of the will and appoint an administrator of the inheritance, to replace the administrator appointed by the court.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER V\n\nJOINT WILL OF SPOUSES\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.43. Concept of a joint will of spouses\n\nBy their joint will, the spouses appoint each other as the successor and, after the death of one of the spouses, the whole property of the deceased (including the part of the common property of the spouses therefrom) shall be inherited by the surviving spouse, except the mandatory share of succession (Article 5.20 of this Code)."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.44. Making a joint will of spouses\n\n\n1. A joint will of spouses may be made exclusively by spouses. Such will shall be signed by both spouses in the presence of a notary or any other person attesting the will.\n\n\n2. A joint will of spouses shall be made exclusively as an official will (Article 5.28 of this Code).\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.45. Content of a joint will of spouses\n\n\n1. By testamentary disposition, each of the spouses shall provide for the devolution of his/her whole property to the other spouse.\n\n\n2. A successor may be appointed by the will to inherit the property after the death of the surviving spouse.\n\n\n3. A will may provide for a testamentary reservation awarded from the property of one of the spouses after his/her death, or from the common property of the spouses after the death of the surviving spouse.\n\n\n4. The spouses may bequeath their whole property or a part thereof to society for worthy causes or to charity. Such a direction of the will may be effectuated from the property of one of the spouses after his/her death or from the common property of the spouses after the death of the surviving spouse."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.46. Revocation and invalidity of a joint will of spouses\n\n\n1. Each of the spouses shall be entitled to revoke the expression of his/her intention before the opening of the succession within the same procedure as the drawing up of the will. In this event, the expression of the intention of the other spouse shall lose its legal effect as well.\n\n\n2. The wills drawn up by the spouse without previous revocation of the joint will of spouses shall be null and void.\n\n\n3. A joint will of spouses shall be rendered invalid by the dissolution of marriage or by filing a suit (lodging an application) for the dissolution of marriage, or by the consent of the spouse to the dissolution of marriage before the opening of succession.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.47. Obtaining the deposited will\n\nThe institution which has attested the will or deposited it for safekeeping may issue the will only upon the request of both spouses.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.48. Announcement of a joint will of spouses\n\nUpon the death of one of the spouses, only the intent of that spouse shall be revealed to the interested successors in accordance with the procedure established in Article 5.33 of this Code; the intent of the other spouse shall not be revealed."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 18:07:27
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 5.49. Renunciation of inheritance under a joint will of spouses\n\n\n1. Upon the death of one of the spouses, the other spouse shall have no right to modify a joint will. He shall have the right to renounce the acceptance of succession. In this event, the estate of the deceased spouse shall be devolved upon his/her heirs by operation of law, and the surviving spouse shall acquire the right to make a new will upon his/her discretion.\n\n\n2. Such refusal on the part of the surviving spouse to accept succession shall have no effect upon the right of the beneficiary of the testamentary reservation from the estate of the deceased spouse to a testamentary reservation which is issued by intestate heirs.\n\n\n3. Where the surviving spouse renounces succession, the successor appointed by the joint will to inherit after the death of the surviving spouse shall lose the right of succession under the joint will of spouses.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER VI\n\nACCEPTANCE OF SUCCESSION AND LIABILITY FOR THE DEBTS OF THE BEQUEATHER"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "CHAPTER VI\n\nACCEPTANCE OF SUCCESSION AND LIABILITY FOR THE DEBTS OF THE BEQUEATHER\n\n \n\n\nArticle 5.50. Acceptance of succession\n\n\n1. In order to acquire succession, a successor must accept it. Acceptance may not be in part, or subject to conditions or exceptions.\n\n\n2. A successor shall be deemed to have accepted succession when he actually starts possessing the estate or when he files an application on the acceptance of succession with the notary of the place of the opening of succession.\n\n\n3. Actions indicated in this Article must be performed within three months from the day of the opening of succession; however, the legal consequences specified in paragraph 2 of this Article shall arise only in the absence of the actions of the heir(s) of superior degree by operation of law or of the heir(s) of superior degree by operation of a will hereunder the succession has been accepted.\n\n\n4. No longer effective from 8 July 2015.\n\n\n5. Inheritance devolved to the successors born after the opening of succession shall be accepted within three months from the day of their birth.\n\n\n6. The notary must inform the data processor of the Register of Wills about the acceptance of succession within three working days from the date of acceptance."}


