# embeddings_queue

created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: 7c13e24e-7cbf-4693-912a-4f9ba61f8564
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. The court shall refuse to recognise the financial penalty where:\n\t1) the enforcement of the financial penalty would violate fundamental human rights and freedoms;\n2) the decision against the person on whom the financial penalty has been imposed in respect of the same acts has been delivered in the Republic of Lithuania or in any state other than the issuing State, and that decision has been executed;\n3) the financial penalty has been imposed in respect of an act which does not constitute a crime or a misdemeanour under the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania, except for the cases where the financial penalty has been imposed in respect of the criminal acts listed in Article 5(1) of Council Framework Decision 2005/214/JHA of 24 February 2005 on the application of the principle of mutual recognition to financial penalties;\n4) the financial penalty has been imposed in respect of an act which may be covered by the criminal law of the Republic of Lithuania, and the limitation period for the execution of a judgment of conviction as provided for in Article 96 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania has expired; \n5) the person on whom the financial penalty has been imposed enjoys immunity from criminal jurisdiction under international law or laws of the Republic of Lithuania;\n6) at the time of committing an act, the person on whom the financial penalty has been imposed due to his age could not yet have been held criminally liable under the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania for the criminal act committed by him;"}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: d3976d4f-c1c6-4f96-be3c-763459fd5e61
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "7) the financial penalty has been imposed in accordance with the written procedure and the person on whom the financial penalty has been imposed was not, in accordance with the law of the issuing State, informed in person or via a representative, competent according to the national law of the issuing State, of his right to contest the case and of the time limits for such a remedy;\n8) the financial penalty has been imposed in the absence of the person on whom the financial penalty has been imposed, unless the certificate referred to in point 11 of paragraph 3 of this Article states that the person, having been informed about the proceedings under the law of the issuing State and the possibility to appear in person for the hearing of the case, expressly waived the right to participate in the hearing of the case under the oral procedure and expressly indicated that he did not contest the case;\n9) the financial penalty has been imposed on the person who did not appear in person for the hearing of the case in court which led to the decision rendered in absentia, unless the certificate referred to in point 11 of paragraph 3 of this Article states that:\na) he was summoned in person in due time or by other means actually received official information of the scheduled date and place of the hearing of the case in such a manner that it was unequivocally established that he was aware of the scheduled hearing of the case, and he was also informed that a decision may be handed down if he did not appear for the hearing of the case, or"}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: 8d7747f5-561a-463b-b36b-6995c1b37c83
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "b) while being aware of the scheduled hearing of the case, the person had given a mandate to a defence counsel who was chosen by him or who was appointed by the State to defend him during the hearing of the case, and was indeed defended by that defence counsel during the hearing of the case, or\nc) after being served with the decision and being expressly informed about the right to a retrial or appeal in which he has the right to participate and which allows the merits of the case, including fresh evidence, to be re-examined and which may lead to the original decision being quashed, the person expressly stated that he did not contest the decision or did not request a retrial or an appeal in the applicable timeframe;\n10) the amount of the financial penalty is below the amount provided for in Article 7(2)(h) of Council Framework Decision 2005/214/JHA of 24 February 2005 on the application of the principle of mutual recognition to financial penalties;\n11) the certificate provided for in Article 4 of Council Framework Decision 2005/214/JHA of 24 February 2005 on the application of the principle of mutual recognition to financial penalties is not produced or is incomplete or manifestly does not correspond to the decision delivered against the person on whom the financial penalty has been imposed; \n12) the documents received have not been translated into Lithuanian or English."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: 5426aa36-7fda-435a-930a-203dc769a56e
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "12) the documents received have not been translated into Lithuanian or English. \n4. In the cases provided for in points 1, 4, 7, 8, 9, 11 and 12 of paragraph 3 of this Article, a court shall request the competent authority of a Member State of the European Union to provide additional information within a time limit laid down by the court. In such a case, the court shall adjourn a hearing. If the required information is not received within the time limit laid down by the court, the court shall issue a ruling to refuse to recognise the financial penalty.\n5. Where necessary, the amount to be paid shall, under a court ruling, be converted in accordance with the euro foreign exchange reference rates published by the European Central Bank or, where the European Central Bank does not publish the euro foreign exchange reference rates, in accordance with the euro foreign exchange reference rates established and published by the Bank of Lithuania at the time when the financial penalty was imposed. Where the competent authority of a Member State of the European Union imposes a financial penalty in respect of an act not committed within the territory of that State and where this act may be covered by the law of the Republic of Lithuania, the court shall reduce the amount of the financial penalty to be paid to the maximum amount provided for a criminal act of the same kind under the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania.\n6. Where the court decides to refuse to recognise the financial penalty, the competent authority of a Member State of the European Union shall be notified without delay of this ruling and the reasons for issuing it."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: 610497d0-c340-40d1-aeeb-f85e6bfd60b2
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "7. The prosecutor, the person on whom the financial penalty has been imposed or his defence counsel may appeal against a court ruling to recognise the financial penalty or a court ruling to refuse to recognise the financial penalty in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 364 of this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: b552ae0d-ec49-4397-a265-9172bd93a939
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3652. Enforcement of a financial penalty imposed by the competent authority of a Member State of the European Union in the Republic of Lithuania\n1. A financial penalty imposed by the competent authority of a Member State of the European Union and recognised in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 3651 of this Code shall be enforced in accordance with the relevant laws of the Republic of Lithuania and having regard to the specific features provided for in this Article. \n2. No longer effective from 1 July 2018.\n3. Depending on its nature, a financial penalty or parts thereof must be paid into the accounts of a territorial state tax inspectorate, the Crime Victims Fund or a victim or third parties. Where necessary, a court shall specify by a ruling the institutions or persons into accounts whereof the relevant parts of the financial penalty must be paid. \n4. Where a person on whom the financial penalty has been imposed provides data that all financial penalties or parts thereof were paid in another state, a court shall refer in writing to a competent authority of the Member State of the European Union requesting to provide all necessary information without delay. Upon receipt of a reply of the competent authority of the Member State of the European Union, the court shall deduct the recovered parts of the financial penalty from the amount to be recovered in the Republic of Lithuania. If necessary, a court hearing may be held in which the person on whom the financial penalty has been imposed, his defence counsel and a prosecutor shall have the right to participate."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: 4ef41ab3-5e70-4d24-ac57-70b1ac1fa41f
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "5. The financial penalty may be replaced by an alternative penalty or penal sanction only in the cases and to the extent specified in advance by the competent authority of the Member State of the European Union which has imposed the financial penalty in a certificate as provided for in Article 4 of Council Framework Decision 2005/214/JHA of 24 February 2005 on the application of the principle of mutual recognition to financial penalties. \n6. The person on whom the financial penalty has been imposed may be granted amnesty or pardon in whole or in part. \n7. Upon receipt of a notification from the competent authority of the Member State of the European Union withdrawing the requirement to enforce the imposed financial penalty, the court shall, without delay, issue a ruling to terminate enforcement of the financial penalty.\n8. The competent authority of the Member State of the European Union shall be informed without delay in writing about the enforcement of the financial penalty, its total or partial non-enforcement, its replacement by alternative sanctions or penal sanctions."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: 12c821e2-d008-433f-bbd6-9e1ceb47af21
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3653. No longer effective from 19 December 2020.\n\nArticle 3654. No longer effective from 19 December 2020.\n\nArticle 3655. Recognition and execution in the Republic of Lithuania of certain types of penalties or other measures as imposed by the Member States of the European Union\nJudgments passed by a court of a Member State of the European Union regarding a custodial sentence, decisions regarding penalties not involving deprivation of liberty, confiscation orders and decisions regarding probation shall be recognised and executed in the Republic of Lithuania in accordance with the provisions of the Law of the Republic of Lithuania on Mutual Recognition and Execution of Decisions of the Member States of the European Union in Criminal Matters and Part VII of this Code. \n\nPART VIII\nPROCEEDINGS IN A COURT OF CASSATION\n\nCHAPTER XXVI\nFILING OF AN APPEAL AGAINST AN FINAL JUDGMENT OR RULING AND PREPARATION OF A CASSATION CASE\n\nArticle 366. Court of cassation\n1. The Supreme Court of Lithuania shall hear under cassation procedure the cases regarding final judgments or rulings rendered under appeal procedure in courts of first instance and courts of appeal.\n2. Cassation cases shall be heard at a court hearing by a judicial panel of three justices or an extended judicial panel of seven justices of the Criminal Division of the Supreme Court of Lithuania or a plenary session of the Criminal Division of the Supreme Court of Lithuania, or a mixed judicial panel of three justices or extended judicial panel of seven justices of the Criminal Division and the Civil Division of the Supreme Court of Lithuania, or a plenary session of the Supreme Court of Lithuania."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: f3586bfb-1dfb-4f6c-bafe-2ef0f6ea1e31
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 367. Right to appeal against a court judgment or ruling under cassation procedure\n1. A prosecutor, a victim, his representative, a convicted person, an acquitted person, a person whose case has been dismissed, his defence counsel and legal representative, a person whereto compulsory medical measures have been applied or have not been applied, his defence counsel and legal representative, family members or close relatives, also a civil claimant, a civil defendant and their representatives, a bailsperson, a person whose property or a sum of money equivalent to its value has been forfeited and their representative shall have the right to appeal against a final judgment or ruling on the grounds provided for in Article 369 of this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: 899ec3c0-8c46-423e-98c6-5af06c6bb771
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. The defence counsel of the convicted person, the acquitted person or the person whose case has been dismissed shall have the right to file an appeal in cassation only if this does not contradict the will of the defendant expressed in writing. In the cases when the case was heard in the absence of an accused person, the defence counsel of the convicted person, the acquitted person or the person whose case has been dismissed may file an appeal in cassation, unless there is the will of the convicted person, the acquitted person or the person whose case has been dismissed expressed in writing. The defence counsel of a person who, by reason of his physical or mental impairments, is unable to exercise his right to defence and of a minor may file an appeal in cassation regardless of the will of the defendant. A civil claimant, a civil defendant and their representatives shall have the right to appeal against a judgment or a ruling only in respect of a civil claim. A bailsperson, a person whose property or a sum of money equivalent to its value has been forfeited, their representative may appeal against a judgment or a ruling only in respect of the decision in question. \n3. Judgments or rulings which have not been appealed against or heard under appeal procedure shall not be appealed against or heard under cassation procedure. A final judgment or ruling may be appealed against under cassation procedure only in respect of the issues which were considered in an appellate court.\n4. Only the rulings listed in Article 318(1) and Article 326(1) and (5) of this Code shall be appealed against under cassation procedure."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: fd33d77b-e287-4074-8050-b78b8ba6765a
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "5. Repeated cassation appeals shall not be admitted or heard. A repeated appeal in cassation shall be a cassation appeal filed in a criminal case by the same party to proceedings for the second time after completing the hearing of the case by a court of cassation, also an appeal filed by the defence counsel of an adult convicted person or acquitted person or person whose case has been dismissed in his own name upon completion of the hearing of the case under an appeal in cassation of the convicted person, the acquitted person or the person whose case has been dismissed, or an appeal filed by a convicted person or an acquitted person or a person whose case has been dismissed upon completion of the hearing of the case under an appeal filed by the defence counsel of the adult convicted person or acquitted person or person whose case has been dismissed."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: ea79b586-c14c-49f1-aef4-4b381c26f39e
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 368. Appeal in cassation\n1. A final court judgment or ruling shall be appealed against by an appeal in cassation.\n2. An appeal in cassation must indicate: the name of a court of cassation; a judgment or ruling appealed against; legal arguments substantiating grounds for filing the appeal and hearing the case under cassation procedure as referred to in Article 369 of this Code; the request of the appellant in cassation. The appeal in cassation shall be signed by the appellant in cassation.\n3. The appellant in cassation shall have the right to withdraw the appeal in writing. An appeal filed by a prosecutor may also be withdrawn by a senior prosecutor. A defence counsel may withdraw his appeal only upon coordination thereof in writing with a convicted person, an acquitted person or a person whose case has been dismissed. Coordination shall not be necessary with a person who, by reason of his physical or mental impairments, is unable to exercise his right to defence or with a minor. It shall be permitted to withdraw an appeal in cassation before the commencement of the hearing of a case in court. If, at the time of withdrawal of the appeal, the time limits referred to in Article 370 of this Code have not expired, a new appeal in cassation may be filed."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: 5a4704e3-d175-46b7-a964-e3d0de09f174
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 369. Grounds for filing an appeal and hearing a case under cassation procedure\n1. A final judgment or ruling shall be appealed against and cases shall be heard under cassation procedure if:\n1) a criminal law was incorrectly applied;\n2) material infringements of this Code were committed.\n2. A criminal law shall be considered to have been incorrectly applied where the provisions of the general part of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania have been incorrectly applied, also where criminal acts are classified not in accordance with those articles, paragraphs and points of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania according to which this ought to have been done.\n3. Infringements of requirements of this Code shall be considered to be material infringements of this Code where they have resulted in the restriction of the rights of an accused person as guaranteed by laws or have precluded a court\u2019s thorough and impartial hearing of a case and rendering of a correct judgment or ruling.\n\nArticle 370. Time limits for filing an appeal in cassation\n1. Appeals against a final judgment or ruling may be filed within three months from their becoming final.\n2. Where the persons referred to in Article 367(1) and Article 404 of this Code fail to comply with a time limit for filing an appeal in cassation for the reasons recognised by a court as compelling, the exceeded time limit may be reopened. A motion for reopening of the exceeded time limit for filing an appeal in cassation may not be filed after the lapse of more than one year from a ruling\u2019s or a judgment\u2019s becoming final. The reopening of the time limit shall be decided by a selection board."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: 0c9b7865-3d17-41f4-93ea-d97f0aa71c96
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 371. Procedure for filing an appeal in cassation\nAppeals in cassation against final judgments and rulings of courts of first instance and of appeal shall be filed with the Supreme Court of Lithuania."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: 6b60ac85-306b-4277-9e8f-72d4a8c61124
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 372. Procedure for admitting an appeal in cassation\n1. Upon receipt of an appeal in cassation, the President of the Supreme Court of Lithuania, the Chair of the Criminal Division of the Court or, under their assignment, a justice of the Criminal Division of the Court shall verify whether the appeal is repeated, whether it was filed within the time limit laid down in Article 3701) of this Code, whether there is any prohibition to appeal against a court judgment or ruling as provided for in Article 367(3) of this Code and whether the ruling is appealed against under cassation procedure pursuant to Article 367(4) of this Code. A repeated appeal in cassation, an appeal filed after exceeding a time limit for filing an appeal in cassation, also an appeal filed against a judgment or ruling which may not be appealed against under cassation procedure shall be returned to the appellant in cassation. An unsigned appeal in cassation shall also be returned to the appellant in cassation.\n2. If there are no grounds for returning the appeal to the appellant in cassation as provided for in paragraph 1 of this Article, the case file shall be evoked and shall be transmitted together with the appeal to a selection panel of three justices formed by the President of the Supreme Court of Lithuania or the Chair of the Criminal Division of this Court."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: a4779b2b-3a61-4b26-96c1-9bd6576ac982
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. The selection panel shall, under the written procedure, decide on the issue of admission of the appeal in cassation. The appeal in cassation shall be deemed to have been admitted if at least one of the members of the selection panel votes in favour thereof. Participation of a justice in the selection panel when deciding on the issue of admission of the appeal in cassation shall not preclude him from hearing the case under that appeal in cassation.\n4. The admission of the appeal in cassation shall be refused if it:\n1) was filed after exceeding a time limit for filing an appeal in cassation and there is no request for reopening of the exceeded time limit or the request for reopening of the time limit has been rejected;\n2) was filed in respect of a judgment or a ruling which may not be appealed against under cassation procedure in accordance with Article 367(3) or (4) of this Code;\n3) does not meet the requirements set out in Article 368(2) of this Code;\n4) clearly does not conform to the grounds provided for in Article 369 of this Code;\n5) was filed by a person who has no right to file an appeal in cassation;\n6) is repeated.\n5. The issue of admission of the appeal in cassation shall be resolved by a ruling. This ruling shall be final and not subject to appeal. In the event of refusal to admit the appeal in cassation, the ruling shall state the reasons for such a decision. The appeal in cassation which has not been admitted shall be returned to the person who filed it."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: 957e7c4b-fdb2-466c-a084-5bd9058d940e
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "6. If the admission of an appeal in cassation is refused on the grounds referred to in points 3 and 4 of paragraph 4 of this Article, the appellant in cassation shall, having remedied the deficiencies, have the right to file a new appeal in cassation without prejudice to the time limit laid down in Article 370(1) of this Code. Such an appeal in cassation shall not be considered to be repeated.\n7. After resolving the issue of admission of the appeal in cassation, the appeal in cassation may not be supplemented or amended.\n8. Having decided to admit the appeal in cassation, the selection panel shall decide by the same ruling whether the case is to be heard under the oral or written procedure. A cassation case shall be heard under the oral procedure in the cases provided for in Article 3742 of this Code. In other cases, the cassation case shall be heard under the written procedure."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: af377004-4b4a-441d-88e2-54e3b9830783
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 373. Preparation of a cassation case for hearing upon admission of an appeal in cassation by a selection panel\n1. Where an appeal in cassation is admitted by a selection panel, the President of the Supreme Court of Lithuania or the Chair of the Criminal Division of the Court shall form a judicial panel of three judges, appoint the chair and the rapporteur of the judicial panel and, upon coordination with the rapporteur, lay down a time limit for the preparation of the case. If necessary, the judge-rapporteur shall evoke additional material.\n2. Having accessed the appeal in cassation and the case, the judges of the judicial panel shall have the power to decide, in accordance with Article 3742 of this Code, that the case to be heard under the written procedure by a decision of the selection panel must be heard under the oral procedure. After the judicial panel prepares the cassation case, the President of the Supreme Court of Lithuania or the Chair of the Criminal Division of the Court shall fix a date for the hearing of the cassation case.\n3. Where the cassation case must be heard under the oral procedure, the judge-rapporteur shall instruct to summon to court the persons listed in Article 375 of this Code. Where the appeal in cassation is filed in the case to be heard under the oral procedure on the grounds aggravating the position of a convicted person, an acquitted person or a person whose case has been dismissed, a transcript of the appeal in cassation shall be sent to the convicted person or the acquitted person or the person whose case has been dismissed."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: f99f5af6-a3a0-4b19-ad2f-7db12587ccb9
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4. In the case provided for in Article 378(4) of this Code, the President of the Supreme Court of Lithuania or the Chair of the Criminal Division of the Court may, where a selection panel admits an appeal in cassation, decide to refer it for hearing before an extended judicial panel of seven justices or at a plenary session of the Criminal Division of the Supreme Court of Lithuania.\n5. On a proposal of a selection panel or a court hearing a case, the President of the Supreme Court of Lithuania may form for the hearing of the case a mixed judicial panel of three justices of the Criminal Division and the Civil Division or an extended judicial panel of seven justices or a plenary session of the court. Such a panel shall be formed and cases shall be heard within it in accordance with the rules for the formation of judicial panels of a court of cassation and hearing of cases within them as laid down in this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: dbce2540-895f-41e0-8ea0-5a9b34a1d18a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 374. Stay of execution of a court judgment and ruling\n1. A selection panel which admitted an appeal in cassation or a judicial panel which was assigned the hearing of a cassation case or a judge appointed by the President of the Supreme Court of Lithuania or the Chair of the Criminal Division of the Court may stay by a ruling the execution of any judgment and ruling of a court of the Republic of Lithuania or part thereof until the case is resolved at a hearing of a court of cassation.\n2. Repeat requests for the stay of execution of a judgment or a ruling shall not be admitted or heard, except in the cases when new circumstances transpire."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: 9d14aa95-2a82-4b30-a070-df153dfa4cf6
encoding: FLOAT32
metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3741. Hearing of a cassation case under the written procedure\n1. Where a decision has been taken on the hearing of a cassation case under the written procedure and the date of the hearing of the cassation case has been fixed, an appellant in cassation, a prosecutor and the parties to the proceedings whose interests are affected by the appeal in cassation shall, on an instruction of a judge-rapporteur, be notified about the hearing of the case under the written procedure, the composition of the judicial panel which will hear the case and shall be proposed to submit statements to defence to the appeal in cassation and shall be instructed as to the right to file motions for challenge and submit requests in writing. Statements of defence to appeals in cassation, motions for challenge and requests must be submitted within 20 days from the receipt of a notification of the hearing of the case under the written procedure. The prosecutor must submit his statement of defence to the appeal in cassation. Failure of other parties to the proceedings to submit statements to defence to the appeal in cassation shall not preclude the hearing of the case under the written procedure. The prosecutor shall send a copy of his statement of defence to the appeal in cassation to the other parties to the proceedings whose interests are affected by the appeal in cassation. Copies of other statements of defence to the appeal in cassation shall be sent to these parties to the proceedings by a court of cassation. Copies of the statements of defence to the appeal in cassation shall not be sent to the prosecutor, the victim, the civil claimant and their representatives."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: 2459a103-acc8-480e-91d4-e62e5f24c3b9
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. When hearing a cassation case under the written procedure, parties to proceedings shall not be called in to a court hearing. \n3. Upon completion of the hearing of a case under the written procedure, a ruling shall be issued in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 377 of this Code. Transcripts of the ruling shall be served on or sent to parties to the proceedings on the grounds and in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 385 of this Code. The court ruling shall not be pronounced in the courtroom, unless the court decides otherwise.\n4. A judicial panel of three judges hearing a case under the written procedure may, pursuant to Article 374(2) of this Code, refer the cassation case for hearing under the oral procedure."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 3742. Cases when a cassation case is heard under the oral procedure\n1. A cassation case shall be heard under the oral procedure where:\n1) an appeal in cassation has been filed on the grounds aggravating the position of a convicted person, an acquitted person or a person whose case has been dismissed, or\n2) the case has been referred for hearing before an extended judicial panel of seven judges or at a plenary session of the Criminal Division of the Supreme Court of Lithuania, or\n3) the case has been heard, in accordance with the procedure of first instance, by a judicial panel of three judges of the criminal division of a regional court, or\n4) an appellate court has, in the cases provided for in points 1-3 of Article 329 of this Code, annulled a judgment of a court of first instance and pronounced a new judgment, or\n5) a selection panel or a judicial panel formed for the hearing of the case decides that it is necessary to hear oral clarifications of parties to the proceedings.\n2. Where several appeals in cassation are to be heard in a case, the case shall be heard under the oral procedure if it has been decided to hear at least one of them under the oral procedure.\n\nCHAPTER XXVII\nHEARING OF A CASSATION CASE"}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 375. Persons participating in a court hearing when hearing a cassation case under the oral procedure\n1. A prosecutor shall participate in a court hearing when hearing a cassation case under the oral procedure. The hearing shall be attended by a defence counsel called in by a convicted person, an acquitted person or a person whose case has been dismissed, or by other persons with the consent of the convicted person, the acquitted person or the person whose case has been dismissed, or a defence counsel called in by a person whereto compulsory medical measures have been applied or have not been applied or by the person\u2019s legal representative or by the person\u2019s family members or close relatives. A convicted person on remand shall be notified of the right to request the appointment of a defence counsel within seven days from the receipt of the notification.\n2. The persons listed in Article 367(1) of this Code shall also have the right to participate in a court hearing when hearing a cassation case under the oral procedure. A person whereto compulsory medical measures have been applied or have not been applied may participate in the court hearing unless, based on an expert\u2019s conclusion, his illness precludes him from doing so."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. If an appeal in cassation is filed on the grounds aggravating the position of a convicted person or an acquitted person, the convicted person must, if held on remand, be delivered before a court. A convicted person who is not in custody, an acquitted person or a person whose case has been dismissed shall be called in to a court hearing under a summons. If the convicted person, the acquitted person or the whose case has been dismissed is temporarily absent, the summons shall be served against signature on any adult person residing together with him or on the administration of the place of employment of the convicted person, the acquitted person or the person whose case has been dismissed. Failure to appear of the persons who have been informed of the court hearing shall not preclude the hearing of the case.\n4. Participation in a court hearing of a convicted person, an acquitted person, a person whose case has been dismissed as well as a person whereto compulsory medical measures have been applied or have not been applied may be ensured by audiovisual transmission."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 376. Limits of powers of a court when hearing a cassation case\n1. When hearing a cassation case, a court shall verify, from the point of view of application of law, the judgments and rulings rendered in respect whereof an appeal has been filed.\n2. If several persons have been convicted in a case, a court shall hear the case in respect of the convicted person who is the subject of the filed appeal. However, if the incorrect application of a criminal law and material infringements of this Code may have affected other convicted persons, the court shall verify whether a lawful judgment has been passed also against other convicted persons who have not filed appeals.\n3. When hearing a cassation case, a court may apply a law providing for a less serious criminal act or dismiss criminal case. The court shall have the right to apply a law providing for a more serious criminal act only if it is requested in the filed appeal. The court may impose a less or more severe penalty if an incorrect penalty is related to the incorrect application of a criminal law. The court may impose a more severe penalty if such an appeal is filed, however, it shall not have the right to impose a more severe penalty by imposing a life custodial sentence.\n4. When applying a different criminal law or imposing a new penalty, the court shall rely on the evidence adduced at first instance and on appeal."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 377. Hearing of a cassation case under the oral procedure\n1. The persons referred to in Article 375 of this Code shall be given access in court to the appeal in cassation and to the additional material collected.\n2. A court of cassation shall hear cases in open court, except for the cases referred to in Article 9 of this Code.\n3. The chair of a judicial panel shall, at the time fixed for the hearing of a case, commence a court hearing and announce what case is to be heard, who filed an appeal in cassation and what is the court judgment or ruling in respect whereof the case is to be heard. The chair of the judicial panel shall subsequently check who has appeared for the hearing or whether the persons referred to in Article 322 of this Code have been informed of the date of the hearing of the case. The chair of the judicial panel shall announce the full names of the judges hearing the case, the prosecutors, the defence counsel, representatives, interpreters and the clerk of the hearing participating in the hearing and shall ask the persons appearing for the hearing whether they intend to file motions for challenge. The court shall hear such motions in accordance with the procedure laid down in Articles 57-59 and 61 of this Code.\n4. The chair of the judicial panel shall ask the persons who have appeared for the hearing whether they have requests. The court shall issue a ruling on the submitted requests.\n5. One of the judges shall set out the merits of the case in a report."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "5. One of the judges shall set out the merits of the case in a report.\n6. Following the judge\u2019s report, parties to the proceedings shall have the right to provide oral clarifications. If the appeal was filed by a prosecutor, a victim or his representative, the said persons shall take the floor first, and the first of them shall be the person who filed the appeal. In other cases, a convicted person, an acquitted person or a person whose case has been dismissed, his defence counsel and his legal representative shall take the floor first, and the first of them shall be the person who filed the appeal. The floor shall subsequently be given to the parties to the proceedings who have not provided clarifications. Later, all parties to the proceedings shall be granted the right to provide additional clarifications. The convicted person, the acquitted person or the person whose case has been dismissed or his defence counsel or legal representative shall be last to provide additional clarifications.\n7. After the clarifications have been provided and the judges have taken a decision on the bench or in the deliberation room, the chair of the judicial panel shall notify of the date and place of pronouncement of a ruling. When issuing and pronouncing the ruling of the court of cassation, the judicial panel shall act in compliance with the relevant provisions provided for in Articles 297-299, 302 and 308 of this Code.\n8. If, upon completion of the hearing of the case under cassation procedure, the convicted person must be released from the place of custody, the ruling must be delivered for execution on the day of its pronouncement."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: 69172810-48a8-4791-93dc-056409777405
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 378. Referral of a case for hearing before an extended judicial panel of seven judges or at a plenary session of the Criminal Division of the Supreme Court of Lithuania\n1. A cassation case heard before a judicial panel of three judges may be referred for hearing before an extended judicial panel of seven judges if the correct application of a criminal or criminal procedure law in the case would result in a new interpretation of a rule of law in case-law.\n2. A cassation case heard before a judicial panel of three judges may be referred for hearing at a plenary session of the Criminal Division of the Supreme Court of Lithuania if the application of a criminal or criminal procedure law in the case would allow to depart from the case-law of the Supreme Court of Lithuania.\n3. A case shall be referred for hearing before an extended judicial panel of seven judges or at a plenary session of the Criminal Division of the Supreme Court of Lithuania by a ruling of the judicial panel at any time during a court hearing. This ruling shall be pronounced at the hearing.\n4. The President of the Supreme Court of Lithuania or the Chair of the Criminal Division of the Supreme Court may refer a case for hearing before an extended judicial panel of seven judges or at a plenary session of the Criminal Division of the Supreme Court where a judge appointed as rapporteur in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 373 of this Code, having familiarised himself with the appeal in cassation and the case file, foresees that the decisions provided for in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article may be taken during the hearing of the cassation case."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: 595d3d4a-8018-4233-9e76-9d2a616b58a3
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 379. Hearing of a case before an extended judicial panel of seven judges\n1. A case shall be prepared for hearing before an extended judicial panel of seven judges in accordance with the rules provided for in Article 373 of this Code and the provision that the extended judicial panel of seven judges shall normally include the judges hearing the same case before a judicial panel of three judges.\n2. A case shall be heard before an extended judicial panel of seven judges in compliance with the requirements of Article 377 of this Code.\n3. An extended judicial panel of seven judges may, on the grounds provided for in Article 378(2) of this Code, refer a case for hearing at a plenary session of the Criminal Division of the Supreme Court of Lithuania."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: 51c4e1c2-31b5-46e4-ad70-f2f84845142b
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 380. Hearing of a case at a plenary session of the Criminal Division of the Supreme Court of Lithuania\n1. A case shall be heard at a plenary session of the Criminal Division of the Supreme Court of Lithuania in accordance with the requirements of Article 377 of this Code, with the exceptions provided for in this Article.\n2. A plenary session shall be valid if attended by at least two-thirds of justices of the Criminal Division of the Supreme Court of Lithuania.\n3. A plenary session shall be presided over by the President of the Supreme Court of Lithuania or, in his absence, by the Chair of the Criminal Division of the Court. In the absence of the President of the Supreme Court and the Chair of the Criminal Division, the plenary session of the Criminal Division of the Supreme Court of Lithuania shall be presided over by a justice of the Division appointed by the President of the Supreme Court.\n4. A ruling of a plenary session shall be issued by a majority vote of the justices attending the session. If there is a tie, the presiding justice of the plenary session shall have a casting vote.\n5. A ruling issued at a plenary session shall be signed by all the justices participating in the session."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 381. Termination of court proceedings, stay of the hearing of a cassation case\n1. Upon withdrawal of an appeal by an appellant in cassation or by a senior prosecutor, a court shall leave the appeal unheard and terminate the court proceedings. At the beginning of a hearing, a judicial panel may, at the request of parties to the proceedings or of its own motion, consider whether the appeal in cassation should be heard. The court shall issue a ruling on this issue.\n2. If a party to proceedings whose appearance for an oral hearing is recognised by a court as necessary fails to appear for the hearing on grounds of illness or for any other compelling reason, the hearing of a cassation case shall be stayed. \n3. The hearing of a cassation case shall also be stayed if it is necessary to refer to the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania for its decision on whether a law or any other legal act is in compliance with the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania or if it is necessary to refer to a competent judicial authority of the European Union for a preliminary ruling on the interpretation or validity of legal acts of the European Union or if it is necessary to request the European Court of Human Rights to give an advisory opinion on points of principle relating to the interpretation or application of the rights and freedoms defined in the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms or its protocols."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: bad73f66-a8f2-4104-93ac-d1c5e61a1050
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 382. Rulings of a court upon completion of the hearing of a cassation case\nHaving completed the hearing of a cassation case, a court shall issue one of the following rulings:\n1) to dismiss the appeal in cassation;\n2) to annul a judgment and subsequent court rulings and to dismiss the case;\n3) to annul a judgment and a judgment or a ruling of an appellate court and refer the case for retrial in a court of first instance if the case was heard by a biased court of first instance or the case was heard in violation of the rules of jurisdiction laid down in Articles 224 and 225 of this Code;\n4) to annul a judgment or a ruling of an appellate court and to uphold a judgment or a ruling of a court of first instance (whether amended or not);\n5) to annul a judgment or ruling of an appellate court and to refer the case for retrial under appeal procedure;\n6) to amend a court judgment or a court ruling.\n\nArticle 383. Grounds for annulling and amending a judgment or a ruling in a court of cassation\nA court of cassation shall annul and amend a judgment or a ruling on the grounds specified in Article 369 of this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 384. Content of a ruling of a court of cassation\n1. A ruling of a court of cassation shall consist of an introductory part, a descriptive part and an operative part.\n2. The introductory part shall indicate: the date and place of issue of the ruling; the name and composition of the court which issued the ruling; a prosecutor, a defence counsel and other parties to the proceedings participating in the hearing of the criminal case at an oral hearing of the court of cassation; the appellant in cassation; the name of the court which passed a judgment or a ruling appealed against, the date of passing of the judgment or issue of the ruling and the content of the operative part; requests of the parties to the proceedings participating in the cassation case.\n3. The descriptive part shall briefly state the circumstances of the case referred to in the judgment or the ruling under appeal in relation to the appeal in cassation, present the substance of the appeal in cassation, the substance of statements of defence to the appeal in cassation, and present reasoned conclusions of the court of cassation on the appeal in cassation.\n4. The operative part shall indicate a decision of the court of cassation on the appeal in cassation.\n5. If an appeal in cassation is dismissed, a ruling must state the reasons explaining why the appeal in cassation is considered to be unfounded and a judgment or a ruling appealed against is recognised as lawful.\n6. If a judgment or a ruling is annulled and the case is dismissed, a ruling must indicate the grounds for dismissing the case."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "6. If a judgment or a ruling is annulled and the case is dismissed, a ruling must indicate the grounds for dismissing the case.\n7. If a judgment or a ruling is annulled and the case is referred for retrial in court, a ruling must indicate specific material infringements of this Code or provide an explanation of how the incorrect application of a criminal law manifested itself.\n8. If a judgment or a ruling is amended, a ruling must provide an explanation of how the incorrect application of a criminal law manifested itself as well as indicate the articles of this Code which were infringed.\n9. A ruling of a court of cassation shall be signed by all judges of a judicial panel.\n10. A judge who, at the time of issuing a ruling, had a different opinion shall have the right to state it in writing. The separate opinion shall not be published, but shall be appended to the case file."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 385.\u00a0Service of transcripts of a ruling of a court of cassation\n1. Transcripts of a ruling of a court of cassation shall be served immediately after the pronouncement thereof on an appellant in cassation, as well as on an acquitted person, a convicted person or a person whose case has been dismissed, the interests of whom are affected by the ruling of the court of cassation. If these persons did not participate in the pronouncement of the ruling or did not accept a transcript thereof immediately after the pronouncement thereof, transcripts of the ruling must be served on or sent to them not later than within five days from the pronouncement of the ruling. Transcripts of the ruling shall be served on or sent to other persons who participate in the hearing of the cassation case or the interests of whom are affected by the appeal in cassation at their request within five days from the receipt of the request.\n2. In the cases referred to in Article 257 of this Code, a court of cassation shall send to a prosecutor\u2019s office a transcript of a ruling concluding cassation proceedings or of a separate ruling."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 386. Hearing of a case where a judgment of a court of first instance or a judgment or a ruling of an appellate court has been annulled\n1. If a court of cassation annuls a judgment of a court of first instance or a judgment or a ruling of an appellate court, the case must be heard in accordance with the general procedure.\n2. Instructions of a court of cassation shall be binding in the event of retrial of a case. However, the court of cassation shall not have the right to determine in advance the conclusions which may be drawn by a court when retrying the case.\n3. When retrying a case, a court of first instance or an appellate court shall have the right to impose a more severe penalty or to apply a criminal law providing for a more serious criminal act only where a judgment or a ruling is annulled on the ground that the law providing for a more serious criminal act needs to be applied, also where, in the course of retrial of a case following the annulment of a judgment, a court establishes the circumstances showing that an accused person committed a more serious criminal act.\n4. Upon completion of the retrial of a case, a judgment passed by a court of first instance or a judgment and a ruling of an appellate court may be appealed against in accordance with the general procedure.\n\nPART IX\nSPECIFIC FEATURES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE WHEN INVESTIGATING AND HEARING SPECIFIC CATEGORIES OF CASES\n\nCHAPTER XXVIII\nPROCEEDINGS IN RESPECT OF CRIMINAL ACTS COMMITTED BY LEGAL PERSONS"}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 387. Procedure for the conduct of proceedings\n1. The procedure for the conduct of proceedings regarding criminal acts committed by legal persons shall be laid down by the general rules of this Code with the exceptions provided for in the articles of this Chapter.\n2. Where proceedings regarding criminal acts have been opened separately in respect of a legal person and in respect of a natural person, such acts must, as a general rule, be investigated jointly. Procedural actions and decisions shall be taken in respect of the legal person in accordance with the general rules of this Code and the exceptions laid down in the articles of this Chapter or, in respect of the natural person, in accordance with the general rules of this Code.\n3. Proceedings regarding a criminal act may be opened or continued in respect of a legal person separately from a natural person who allegedly committed the criminal act for the benefit or in the interests of the legal person:\n1) where, regarding the criminal act committed by the natural person, the limitation period for the passing of a judgment of conviction has expired, but this period has not expired yet in respect of the legal person; \n2) where the natural person is released from criminal liability and his case is dismissed; \n3) where a court judgment concerning the same charges becomes final in respect of the natural person; \n4) where the hearing of the case is stayed or terminated in respect of the natural person due to a mental disorder which he began to suffer from following the commission of the criminal act and which rendered him unable to understand the substance of his actions or to control them;\n5) where the natural person dies and, as a result, the proceedings are not opened or are terminated against him;"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "5) where the natural person dies and, as a result, the proceedings are not opened or are terminated against him;\n6) where the competent authority of a foreign state does not give a permission to prosecute the natural person; \n7) where the natural person goes into hiding from a pre-trial investigation or a court or his whereabouts are unknown;\n8) where the natural person is not in the Republic of Lithuania and evades appearing before a court, and the court decides, in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 433 of this Code, to continue the proceedings against the legal person and to stay the hearing of the case against the natural person;\n9) when a prosecutor decides in the course of a pre-trial investigation, or a court hearing the case decides in the course of the court proceedings, to separate the proceedings against the legal person and against the natural person who allegedly committed the criminal act for the benefit or in the interests of the legal person if it is believed that this will speed up the proceedings against the legal or against the natural person; \n10) where the complex management structure of the legal person or other circumstances preclude identification, prosecution or conviction of a specific natural person who committed the criminal act, but there is a ground for believing that the criminal act was committed by one or more natural persons referred to in Article 20(2) or (3) of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania or that the criminal act was committed by joint acts/omissions of these persons;\n11) in other cases when criminal proceedings are not opened or continued against the natural person who allegedly committed the criminal act."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "11) in other cases when criminal proceedings are not opened or continued against the natural person who allegedly committed the criminal act. \n4. When hearing a criminal case against a legal person in the cases referred to in points 1, 2, 3 and 4 of paragraph 3 of this Article, the issue of guilt and criminal liability of a natural person who committed a criminal act for the benefit or in the interests of the legal person shall not be considered. The court shall rely on the decisions taken or conclusions in this or any other criminal case on the basis whereof the fact of commission of the criminal act by the natural person has been established. In the cases referred to in points 1, 2 and 3 of paragraph 3 of this Article, a natural person having the legal status of a convicted person and/or his defence counsel shall be summoned to the hearing of the case in court, however their absence shall not have suspensory effect on the proceedings. The court shall have the right to question the natural person and to perform with him other actions of the examination of evidence."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "5. When hearing a criminal case against a legal person in the cases referred to in points 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 11 of paragraph 3 of this Article, the issue of criminal liability of a natural person who committed a criminal act for the benefit or in the interests of the legal person shall not be considered. The court shall rely on the evidence collected in this or any other criminal case, the decisions taken or the conclusions on the basis whereof it is decided on the fact of commission of the criminal act by the natural person. The accused natural person shall be subject to the provisions of Articles 435 and 436 of this Code. If, in the course of hearing of the case in court, it transpires that the just resolution of the case is impossible without the participation of the accused natural person, the hearing of the case shall be stayed or a decision shall be taken on the joining of the criminal cases in respect of the natural person and in respect of the legal person."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 388. Representative of a legal person to be prosecuted\n1. A representative of a legal person to be prosecuted may be the manager or an employee of the legal person or an advocate authorised by the legal person to act as a representative in proceedings.\n2. Where a person produces an authorisation to act as a representative in proceedings, a pre-trial investigation officer shall adopt a decision to recognise the person as a representative of a legal person.\n3. If a legal person appoints as a representative a person not fit to act in the capacity of a representative or does not appoint any representative at all, a pre-trial investigation officer shall have the right to appoint by a decision a representative of the legal person.\n4. A representative of a legal person in proceedings shall enjoy all the rights granted to a suspect and an accused person under this Code as well as perform the duties of these parties to the proceedings."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 389. Temporary procedural coercive measures applied to a legal person\n1. The following procedural coercive measures may be imposed upon a legal person: temporary suspension of activities of the legal person and temporary restriction of activities of the legal person.\n2. Activities of the legal person shall be temporarily suspended or temporarily restricted at the request of a prosecutor by a ruling of a pre-trial investigation judge or of a court.\n3. Temporary suspension of activities of the legal person or temporary restriction of activities of the legal person shall be imposed in the cases when the activities of the legal person to be prosecuted may interfere with the unhindered course of criminal proceedings, also may prejudice economic practices, cause damage to finance, nature, public security and intellectual property.\n4. In a ruling to temporarily suspend activities of a legal person, the legal person shall be obligated to temporarily discontinue all economic, commercial, financial or professional activities provided for in incorporation documents and to close all divisions. The ruling shall set a period of temporary suspension of activities of the legal person. At the request of a prosecutor, this period may be extended by a ruling of a pre-trial investigation judge or of a court.\n5. A ruling to temporarily restrict activities of a legal person shall prohibit a legal person from engaging in certain activities provided for in incorporation documents and obligate it to close a certain division of the legal person. The ruling shall set a period of temporary restriction of activities of the legal person.\n6. A ruling whereby activities of a legal person are temporarily suspended or activities of a legal person are temporarily restricted shall be delivered to a bailiff for execution.\n7. A ruling shall be notified to a representative of a legal person against his signature."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "7. A ruling shall be notified to a representative of a legal person against his signature.\n8. A representative of a legal person may appeal to a higher court against a ruling of a pre-trial investigation judge or of a court to temporarily suspend the activities of the legal person or to temporarily restrict the activities of the legal person within seven days from the receipt of the ruling.\n9. A prosecutor may appeal against a ruling of a pre-trial investigation judge or a court not to impose temporary suspension of activities of a legal person or temporary restriction of activities of a legal person within the time limits and in accordance with the procedure laid down in paragraph 8 of this Article."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 390. Passing of a judgment in a case in which a legal person is tried \n1. In a criminal case where a legal person and a natural person are jointly prosecuted and tried, a court shall pass one judgment. The operative part of this judgment shall separately set out the court\u2019s decisions concerning the legal person and the natural person. The judgment may be appealed against under appeal procedure by a representative of the convicted legal person and the convicted natural person as well as other participants in the hearing in court in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 313 of this Code.\n2. If a criminal case against a legal person is heard separately, a court shall pass a judgment only in respect of the legal person. A representative of the convicted legal person and other participants of the hearing in court shall have the right to appeal against this judgment under appeal procedure in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 313 of this Code. The judgment passed in respect of the legal person shall not bind a court hearing a natural person\u2019s case if such a case is to be heard in the future. If new circumstances transpiring upon completion of the hearing of such a case allow to annul the judgment or ruling rendered in respect of the legal person and to reopen the criminal case, proceedings due to the newly transpired circumstances may be opened in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 446 of this Code. \n\nArticle 391. Execution of a judgment restricting the activities of a legal person or liquidating a legal person\nA judgment restricting the activities of a legal person or liquidating a legal person shall, in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 342 of this Code, be delivered to a bailiff for execution."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "CHAPTER XXIX\nPROCEDURE FOR APPLYING COMPULSORY MEDICAL MEASURES\n\nArticle 392. Grounds for applying compulsory medical measures\n1. A court shall apply the compulsory medical measures specified in Article 98 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania to the persons who have been declared by the court as being of mental incapacity, also to the persons who, following the commission of a criminal act or imposition of a penalty, began to suffer from a mental disorder that rendered them unable to understand the substance of their actions or to control them.\n2. Compulsory medical measures may be applied to persons who have been declared by a court as being of diminished capacity in the cases provided for in Article 18(2) of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania.\n3. The procedure for applying compulsory medical measures shall be laid down by the general rules of this Code with the exceptions provided for in the Articles of this Chapter."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 393. Grounds for initiating the procedure of application of compulsory medical measures\n1. Proceedings initiated in accordance with the general procedure shall become a procedure of application of compulsory medical measures if it is established during a pre-trial investigation or in the course of hearing of a case in court that a person is of mental incapacity or of diminished incapacity or that, following the commission of a criminal act, he began to suffer from a mental disorder that rendered him unable to understand the substance of his actions or to control them.\n2. Compulsory medical measures shall also be applied in the cases when, following the imposition of a penalty, a person began to suffer from a mental disorder that rendered him unable to understand the substance of his actions or to control them."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 394. Initiation of the procedure of application of compulsory medical measures\n1. Where, in the course of a pre-trial investigation or in the course of hearing of a case in court, the circumstances referred to in Article 393(1) of this Code are established, a pre-trial investigation officer, a prosecutor, a judge or a court shall take the following decisions:\n1) the pre-trial investigation officer shall transmit the investigation material to the prosecutor. Where justified, the prosecutor shall endorse initiation of the procedure of application of compulsory medical measures and assign to a pre-trial investigation body the conduct of a pre-trial investigation or shall conduct it himself;\n2) during the hearing of the case in court, the judge or the court shall issue a ruling to initiate the procedure of application of compulsory medical measures.\n2. Where the circumstances referred to in Article 393(1) of this Code are established following the imposition of a penalty, the court shall take the following decisions:\n1) before a judgment becomes final and its execution is commenced, the court shall take charge of the case and decide to initiate the procedure of application of compulsory medical measures;\n2) where the execution of the judgment has already commenced and on a submission of an executing institution, a court of the place where the sentence is to be served shall, upon having evoked the criminal case file, decide to initiate the procedure of application of compulsory medical measures."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 395. Circumstances to be proved\nIn the course of proceedings regarding an act committed by a person who is of mental incapacity or diminished capacity, also proceedings in respect of a person who, following the commission of a criminal act, began to suffer from a mental disorder that rendered him unable to understand the substance of his actions or to control them, the following must be proved:\n1) the time, place, manner and other circumstances of commission of the act prohibited by a criminal law;\n2) whether the act prohibited by the criminal law was committed by that person;\n3) whether the perpetrator of the act prohibited by the criminal law has a history of mental illness, the severity and character of the mental illness of the person at the time of commission of the act, during a pre-trial investigation, the hearing of the case in court or following the imposition of a penalty;\n4) what is the conduct of the perpetrator of the act prohibited by the criminal law both before and after the commission of the act;\n5) the nature and extent of damage caused by the act prohibited by the criminal law."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 396. Procedure for conducting a pre-trial investigation\n1. It shall be allowed to refer a person for forensic psychiatric examination only if there is sufficient evidence that he is the perpetrator of an act, as prohibited by a criminal law, which is the subject of an investigation.\n2. If the mental state of the perpetrator of a criminal act prohibited by a criminal law precludes the performance of procedural actions involving him, a pre-trial investigation officer shall draw up a record to that effect.\n3. In the cases provided for in Article 393(1) of this Code, participation of a defence counsel shall be necessary from the time of ordering a psychiatric examination, unless he previously participated in proceedings on general grounds.\n\nArticle 397. End of a pre-trial investigation\n1. Where a pre-trial investigation is concluded in the cases provided for in Article 393(1) of this Code, a prosecutor shall adopt one of the following decisions:\n1) to dismiss the case in the cases provided for in Article 3 of this Code \u2013 if the circumstances which preclude the proceedings are established;\n2) to refer the case for hearing in court \u2013 if it is established that there are grounds for applying compulsory medical measures to the person.\n2. If a person is suffering from a mental disorder and the case has been dismissed on the basis of point 1 of paragraph 1 of this Article, a court may, at a prosecutor\u2019s request, hand him over for guardianship to family members or close relatives or other persons and may concurrently place the mentally disordered person under medical observation."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 398. Decision to refer a case to court\n1. When referring a case to court for the application of compulsory medical measures, a prosecutor shall draw up a decision.\n2. A decision to refer a case to court shall indicate: the forename, surname, date of birth, personal number, marital status, profession, place of employment and, at the discretion of a prosecutor, other data of the person whereto compulsory medical measures may be applied; the place, time, manner, consequences and other material circumstances of commission of an act prohibited by a criminal law; data on a victim; grounds for applying compulsory medical measures.\n3. A prosecutor shall send a transcript of a decision to refer a case to court or a decision to dismiss the case to a victim and a defence counsel.\n\nArticle 399. Actions of a judge in preparing a trial\n1. A judge shall, upon receipt of a case from a prosecutor, refer it for hearing at a trial, notify thereof the legal representatives or family members or close relatives of a person whose case is being heard, his defence counsel and the prosecutor, and order the summoning of witnesses, victims and experts.\n2. A judge shall have the right to request that a person whose case is being heard be delivered before a court unless, based on an expert\u2019s conclusion, the nature of his illness precludes him from doing so."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 400. Procedure for and limits of hearing in court\n1. The hearing in court of a case which has been received in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 398 of this Code shall be conducted in accordance with the general procedure.\n2. At a trial, victims and witnesses must be questioned, other evidence must be verified that the person concerned committed an act prohibited by a criminal law, an expert\u2019s conclusion on mental incapacity or diminished capacity must be heard, and other circumstances material to deciding on the application of compulsory medical measures must be verified.\n\nArticle 401. Resolution of a case in court\n1. A court shall resolve a case by a ruling. It shall be issued in the deliberation room.\n2. When issuing a ruling, a court must resolve the following issues:\n1) whether an act prohibited by a criminal law was committed;\n2) whether the act prohibited by the criminal law was committed by a person whose case is being heard;\n3) whether the person committed the act prohibited by the criminal law while being in a state of mental incapacity or in a state of diminished capacity;\n4) whether, following the commission of a criminal act, the person concerned began to suffer from a mental disorder that rendered him unable to understand the substance of his actions or to control them and whether this is a temporary mental disorder requiring only the staying of the hearing of the case;\n5) whether a compulsory medical measure should be applied and which one."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 402. Hearing and resolution of a case in court in the cases when a person begins to suffer from a mental disorder following the imposition of a penalty\n1. If a person begins to suffer from a mental disorder following the imposition of a penalty and before a judgment becomes final and its execution is commenced, a case shall be heard by a court which passed the judgment.\n2. If a person begins to suffer from a mental disorder after the execution of a judgment has already commenced, a case shall be heard by a court of the place where the sentence is to be served.\n3. In the cases provided for in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article, upon having evoked a criminal case file, a court shall consider the issue of application of compulsory medical measures at a trial. A prosecutor and a defence counsel must participate in therein. The trial shall establish circumstances which are material to deciding on the application of compulsory medical measures: an expert\u2019s conclusion concerning the mental state of a convicted person shall be heard, employees of the place of sentence and other persons shall be questioned as witnesses, other data about the conduct of the convicted person following the imposition of the penalty shall be verified.\n4. When issuing a ruling, the court must resolve the following issues:\n1) whether, following the imposition of a penalty, the convicted person began to suffer from a mental disorder that rendered him unable to understand the substance of his actions or to control them;\n2) whether a compulsory medical measure should be applied to the convicted person and which one."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 403. Court rulings\n1. Having completed the hearing of a case regarding the application of compulsory medical measures, a court shall issue one of the following rulings:\n1) to apply to the person a compulsory medical measure \u2013 if it has been proved that he committed an act prohibited by a criminal law while being in a state of mental incapacity;\n2) to release the person from criminal liability and apply to him a compulsory medical measure \u2013 if it has been proved that he committed an act prohibited by a criminal law while being in a state of diminished capacity in the case referred to in Article 18 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania;\n3) to stay the hearing of the case or execution of a sentence and to apply a compulsory medical measure \u2013 if it has been proved that, following the commission of a criminal act or imposition of a penalty, the person began to suffer from a mental disorder that rendered him unable to understand the substance of his actions or to control them;\n4) to dismiss the case and not to apply a compulsory medical measure \u2013 if it has been proved that, according to the nature of a committed act and his pathological state, the person is not dangerous to the public and does not require compulsory medical treatment;\n5) to refer the case for reinvestigation \u2013 if it has not been established that the person is of mental incapacity or if his mental disorder is not such as to preclude the imposition of the penalty;\n6) to dismiss the case \u2013 if it has not been proved that the person committed an act prohibited by a criminal law or if there are circumstances, as listed in Article 3 of this Code, which preclude the proceedings."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. In the cases provided for in points 1-3 of paragraph 1 of this Article, a court may, acting pursuant to Article 98 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania, apply one of the following compulsory medical measures:\n1) out-patient observation under the conditions of primary mental health care;\n2) in-patient observation under the conditions of a general observation at specialised mental health care institutions;\n3) in-patient observation under the conditions of an enhanced observation at specialised mental health care institutions;\n4) in-patient observation under the conditions of a strict observation at specialised mental health care institutions.\n3. When dismissing the case and not applying compulsory medical measures to a person, a court may hand him over to family members or close relatives or other persons for guardianship or curatorship and may concurrently place him under medical observation.\n4. The issues referred to in Article 307(6) and (7) of this Code shall also be resolved by a court ruling."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 404. Persons entitled to appeal against a court ruling\nThe right to appeal against a court ruling to apply a compulsory medical measure shall be vested in a person whose case was heard, his legal representative, family members or close relatives, a defence counsel, a victim, his representative and a prosecutor. Appeals and appeals in cassation shall be filed and heard in accordance with the rules laid down in Parts VI and VIII of this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 405. Extension of the application of a compulsory medical measure, change of the type or lifting thereof\n1. When applying a compulsory medical measure, a court shall not fix the duration of application thereof. It shall be applied until a person recovers or his mental state improves and he no longer represents a danger.\n2. A court must, at least once every six months, decide on extension of the application of a compulsory medical measure, change of the type or lifting thereof.\n3. The court shall consider and resolve the issues of extension of the application, change of the type or lifting of a compulsory medical measure on the basis of a conclusion by a health care institution and shall issue one of the following rulings:\n1) to extend the application of the compulsory medical measure \u2013 if the person\u2019s state of health has not changed;\n2) to change the type of the compulsory medical measure previously applied \u2013 if the person\u2019s state of health has changed;\n3) to lift the compulsory medical measure applied \u2013 if the person has recovered and the need to apply such measure ceases to exist."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3) to lift the compulsory medical measure applied \u2013 if the person has recovered and the need to apply such measure ceases to exist.\n4. Extension of the application of a compulsory medical measure, change of the type or lifting thereof shall be decided by a court according to the place of application of the measure. When considering this issue, a representative of a health care institution which submitted a conclusion on the state of health of the person concerned must participate in a court hearing. A judge shall have the right to request that the person who is subject to extension of the application of the compulsory medical measure, change of the type or lifting thereof be delivered to the hearing, unless this is precluded by the nature of his illness based on conclusions of a medical commission. The court must notify the persons referred to in Article 404 of this Code of the place and date of the hearing. Failure of such persons to appear shall not preclude the consideration of the issue.\n5. The application of compulsory medical measures shall be extended, the type thereof shall be changed or they shall be lifted by a court\u2019s ruling.\n6. The persons listed in Article 404 of this Code shall have the right to appeal against a court\u2019s rulings to extend the application of, change or lift a compulsory medical measure in accordance with the procedure laid down in Part X of this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 406. Reopening of proceedings against a person whereto a compulsory medical measure was applied\n1. Where a person who, following the commission of a criminal act or imposition of a penalty, experienced a mental disorder resulting in the application of a compulsory medical measure is recognised by a medical commission as having recovered, a court shall, in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 405 of this Code, issue a ruling to lift the applied compulsory medical measure and shall decide whether to refer the case to a pre-trial investigation or to refer it for hearing in court under the general procedure or to refer the person to continue serving the sentence.\n2. The time spent at a health care institution shall be included in the period of remand and serving of a sentence.\n\nCHAPTER XXX\nNo longer effective from 1 October 2017.\n\nCHAPTER XXXI\nPROCEEDINGS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE SIMPLIFIED PROCEDURE\n\nSECTION ONE\nPROCEDURE FOR ISSUING A COURT\u2019S PENAL ORDER"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 418. Prosecutor\u2019s right to decide to conclude proceedings by a penal order\n1. With regard to the criminal acts which may be punishable by any penalty as a single or alternative penalty, with the exception of the cases when a criminal act may be punishable only by a fixed-term custodial sentence or a life custodial sentence, the hearing of a case in court may be omitted and the penalty shall be imposed by a court\u2019s penal order. The procedure for issuing the court\u2019s penal order shall be applied only where the offender compensates for or eliminates the damage caused, where damage has been caused, or undertakes to compensate for or to eliminate such damage.\n2. A judge shall have the right to draw up a penal order upon receipt of a prosecutor\u2019s motion for the conclusion of proceedings by a court\u2019s penal order.\n3. If, in the course of a pre-trial investigation, a prosecutor decides to refer to a judge for the conclusion of proceedings by a court\u2019s penal order and an accused person does not object thereto, an indictment shall not be drawn up. In this case, the prosecutor shall draw up a motion which, together with the material collected during the pre-trial investigation, shall be sent to the court according to its jurisdiction.\n4. Having taken a decision to conclude proceedings by a court\u2019s penal order, a prosecutor must notify a victim thereof. The victim may, within seven days from the receipt of such a notification, appeal against the prosecutor\u2019s decision to a pre-trial investigation judge. The appeal shall be heard in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 64 of this Code."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "5. A European Delegated Prosecutor or a European Prosecutor shall, when drawing up a motion for the conclusion of proceedings by a penal order, act in compliance with the rules laid down in Regulation (EU) 2017/1939, the provisions of this Article and Article 419 of this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 419. Content of a prosecutor\u2019s motion\nA prosecutor\u2019s motion for the conclusion of proceedings by a court\u2019s penal order must:\n1) indicate the forename, surname, date of birth, personal number, marital status, profession, place of employment and, at the discretion of the prosecutor, other personal data of an accused person;\n2) include a brief description of an act for the commission whereof the accused person must be punished by the penal order;\n3) indicate a criminal law providing for liability for the committed criminal act;\n4) list the main data on which the charge is based;\n5) specify the type and level of the penalty proposed to be imposed on the accused person and state the accused person\u2019s opinion thereon.\n\nArticle 420. Judge\u2019s decisions \n1. Having received a prosecutor\u2019s motion for the conclusion of proceedings by a court\u2019s penal order and the material collected during a pre-trial investigation, a judge must, not later than within seven days, take one of the following decisions:\n1) to draw up a court\u2019s penal order;\n2) to refer the case for hearing in court in the cases provided for in Article 423 of this Code;\n3) to terminate criminal proceedings in the cases provided for in Article 424 of this Code.\n2. Where a victim has appealed against a prosecutor\u2019s decision to conclude proceedings by a court\u2019s penal order, the time limit referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article shall run from completion of the hearing of the appeal."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 421. Content of a court\u2019s penal order\nA court\u2019s penal order drawn up by a judge must:\n1) indicate the data listed in points 1-4 of Article 419 of this Code;\n2) contain a decision to find an accused person guilty; \n3) indicate the type and level of the penalty to be imposed upon the accused person;\n4) indicate decisions regarding confiscation of property, extended confiscation of property, prohibition to exercise a special right, imposition of a supervision measure against the accused person, compensation for the damage caused by a criminal act, further use of material evidence, compensation for costs of proceedings;\n5) instruct as to the right of the accused person to request to hold the hearing of the case in court."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 422. Right of an accused person to request to hold the hearing of a case in court\n1. A court\u2019s penal order drawn up by a judge shall be served on an accused person, and if the accused person is temporarily absent, the court\u2019s penal order shall be served against signature on any adult person residing together with him or on the administration of the place of employment of the accused person. The accused person who objects to the imposition of a penalty by the court penal order shall have the right, within 14 days from the service of this document, to submit a request to the court which drew up the court penal order requesting to hold the hearing of the case in court.\n2. If an accused person submits a request to hold the hearing of a case in court, a court\u2019s penal order shall not acquire legal power. If the accused person fails to exercise this right, the court\u2019s penal order shall become final and shall be executed in accordance with the procedure laid down by this Code. A court\u2019s penal order which has become final shall not be subject to appeal.\n\nArticle 423. Referral of a case for hearing in court of a judge\u2019s own motion\n1. A judge shall issue a ruling to refer a case for hearing in court if the circumstances of the case are not sufficiently clear and the doubts which arose may be eliminated only during the hearing in court.\n2. Having issued the ruling referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article, the judge must send a transcript of a prosecutor\u2019s motion for the conclusion of proceedings by a court\u2019s penal order to an accused person."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: cf4f0113-d3d6-4b7f-a06b-6c71897ca7d1
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 424. Termination of proceedings \n1. A judge shall issue a ruling to terminate criminal proceedings after establishing that there are circumstances precluding the proceedings. Having issued the ruling to terminate the proceedings, the judge must notify thereof an accused person, a victim and a prosecutor. The prosecutor and the victim shall have the right, within seven days from the receipt of the notification of the issue of the ruling, to appeal to a higher court against the judge\u2019s ruling to terminate the proceedings.\n2. If, upon hearing the appeal, the higher court annuls the ruling to terminate the proceedings, another judge of the same court whose ruling has been annulled must take one of the decisions provided for in points 1 and 2 of Article 420(1) of this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: 01da3377-676c-4b1e-88f5-dfd13d659d29
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 425. Hearing of a case in court at the request of an accused person or of a judge\u2019s own motion\n1. Upon receipt of an accused person\u2019s request to hold the hearing of a case in court, the court must hold the hearing of the case not later than after the lapse of ten days from the receipt of the request. The hearing of the case in court of a judge\u2019s own motion must be held after the lapse of not less than three days and not more than ten days from the receipt by the accused person of a transcript of a prosecutor\u2019s motion for the conclusion of proceedings by a court\u2019s penal order.\n2. The hearing of the case in court held at the request of the accused person or of the judge\u2019s own motion shall be conducted in accordance with the rules laid down in Part V of this Code, except that during the hearing in court the prosecutor shall, instead of reading out an indictment, present the substance of the charges based on the motion for the conclusion of proceedings by a court\u2019s penal order.\n3. The case shall be heard by the same court to which the prosecutor sent the motion for the conclusion of proceedings by a court\u2019s penal order, however, if the hearing of the case in court was held at the request of the accused person, the judge who issued the court\u2019s penal order may not participate in the hearing of the case."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: 72fc9492-635b-4ec8-b6c7-72ded5778de9
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4. After hearing the case and finding the accused person guilty, the court may impose a penalty of a different type or level than the one imposed by the court\u2019s penal order. If this is provided for by a criminal law, a custodial sentence may also be imposed. Where the incorrect application of a criminal law and material infringements of this Code may have affected other accused persons who did not submit their requests, the court shall check whether the penal order is well-founded and lawful also in respect of these accused persons. In compliance with the provisions of this paragraph, the legal status of the accused persons who did not submit requests to hold the hearing of the case in court may not be subject to aggravation.\n5. A judgment passed by the court may be appealed against in accordance with the general procedure."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "SECTION TWO\nPROCEEDINGS UNDER THE ACCELERATED PROCEDURE"}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: bccb37a4-69db-4865-a533-b3fa8231a67f
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 426. Prosecutor\u2019s right to decide to conclude a criminal case under the accelerated procedure\n1. Where the circumstances of commission of a criminal act are clear and a criminal case concerning the commission of that act must be heard by a district court, a prosecutor may, on the day of commencement of a pre-trial investigation or not later than within 14 days from the commencement of the pre-trial investigation, file with a court which has jurisdiction over the case a motion for the hearing of the case under the accelerated procedure.\n2. In the case referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article, a prosecutor shall not draw up an indictment, however, he shall transmit to a court, together with a motion, the material collected during a pre-trial investigation, provided that procedural actions have been performed. The prosecutor together with a pre-trial investigation body must notify an accused person, his defence counsel, a victim, a civil claimant, a civil defendant and their representatives and witnesses of the date and place of a court hearing at which the case will be heard under the accelerated procedure. Victims, civil claimants and civil defendants questioned in the course of the pre-trial investigation shall also be informed that their failure to appear without compelling reasons shall be considered as consent to hear the case in absentia and shall not preclude the hearing of the case, except where the court recognises that their participation is necessary.\n3. A European Delegated Prosecutor or a European Prosecutor shall, when drawing up a motion for the hearing of a case under the accelerated procedure, act in accordance with the rules laid down in Regulation (EU) 2017/1939 and in accordance with the procedure laid down in this Article and Article 427 of this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: 21e9315c-ab67-457a-b527-4112437d6203
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 427. Content of a prosecutor\u2019s motion\n1. A prosecutor\u2019s motion for the hearing of a case under the accelerated procedure must indicate an accused person\u2019s forename, surname, date of birth, personal number, marital status, profession, place of employment, data on previous convictions and, at the prosecutor\u2019s discretion, other personal data; a brief description of a committed criminal act: the place, time, manner and consequences of the commission thereof; a criminal law providing for liability for that act shall be indicated; witnesses and victims on whose testimony the charges are based or whose questioning is requested at a trial, the objects and documents relevant to the hearing of the case shall be listed; the prosecutor\u2019s position and the accused person\u2019s opinion on the possibility of not calling in witnesses to the hearing of the case shall be set forth.\n2. The prosecutor must serve one copy of the motion for the hearing of the case under the accelerated procedure on the accused person."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: 15c650d7-9c58-43f2-bebe-ddf6a7ec1fc0
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 428. Actions of a court upon receipt of a prosecutor\u2019s motion for the hearing of a case under the accelerated procedure\n1. When a prosecutor\u2019s motion for the hearing of a case under the accelerated procedure is received in a court, a court hearing shall be held without delay or another date and time of the court hearing shall be fixed and the prosecutor shall be notified thereof. The first court hearing, if not held on the same day, must be held not later than within 14 days from the receipt by the court of the prosecutor\u2019s motion for the hearing of the case under the accelerated procedure. At the beginning of this hearing, the prosecutor shall read out his motion. A judge shall subsequently ask an accused person whether he understands the prosecutor\u2019s charges and whether he agrees to be tried without delay or whether he wishes to have the hearing of the case conducted at a later date. The accused person may base a request to hold the hearing of the case at a later date solely on the grounds that he needs time to prepare for his defence. When making such a request, the accused person must indicate how much time he needs to prepare for his defence.\n2. Having heard the opinions of the prosecutor, the victim, the accused person and the defence counsel, the judge shall take one of the following decisions:\n1) to hold the hearing of the case in court without delay;\n2) to hold the hearing of the case in court on the next day;\n3) to reject the prosecutor\u2019s motion for the hearing of the case under the accelerated procedure."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: ee7e474a-24cf-4b35-a254-488769421119
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3) to reject the prosecutor\u2019s motion for the hearing of the case under the accelerated procedure.\n3. The decisions referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article shall be entered in a record of the court hearing and shall not be subject to appeal."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: 3e88d9ac-9080-473c-836f-4188177086c1
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 429. Rejection of a prosecutor\u2019s motion for the hearing of a case under the accelerated procedure or referral of the case to the prosecutor\n1. A judge shall take a decision to reject a prosecutor\u2019s motion for the hearing of a case under the accelerated procedure in the following cases:\n1) where he establishes that the time limit provided for in Article 426 of this Code has been exceeded;\n2) where he establishes that the case falls within the jurisdiction of a regional court.\n2. Where, in the course of hearing of the case in court, it is established that the prosecutor\u2019s motion for the hearing of the case under the accelerated procedure is materially inconsistent with the requirements of Article 427 of this Code, the case shall be referred to the prosecutor.\n3. The judge\u2019s decision to reject the prosecutor\u2019s motion for the hearing of the case under the accelerated procedure and the judge\u2019s ruling to refer the case to the prosecutor may be appealed against in accordance with the procedure laid down in Part X of this Code.\n4. Where, in the cases specified in paragraph 1 of this Article, the prosecutor\u2019s motion for the hearing of the case under the accelerated procedure is rejected, a pre-trial investigation shall continue under the general procedure."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: b62640f2-d424-4ccd-8e9c-269535d8ac22
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 430. Actions of a court where it is decided to hold a hearing in court at a later date\n1. If an accused person does not consent to the hearing of a case without delay on the grounds that he needs time to prepare for his defence, a judge must fix a later date for the hearing of the case in court. In this case, the hearing in court must be held after the expiry of a time limit requested by the accused person to prepare for his defence, but not later than after the lapse of 20 days. The judge shall fix a specific date for the hearing of the case in court after hearing the opinions of all the parties to the proceedings.\n2. At the same hearing, when fixing a new date for the hearing of a case in court, the judge shall, at the request of a prosecutor or other parties to the proceedings or of his own motion, question witnesses or victims who appear before the court and also question the accused person subject to his consent. The witnesses and victims who have already been questioned shall be questioned at a later stage during the hearing of the case in court only at a reasoned request of one of the parties to the proceedings or at the request of the court. Where the court hearing the case considers that the request to question the witnesses or the victim has the purpose of delaying the proceedings, it may reject the request.\n3. The judge may, at the prosecutor\u2019s request or of his own initiative, decide to impose on the accused person the supervision measure of remand on the grounds and in accordance with the procedure laid down in Chapter XI of this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4. The judge must serve summons on parties to the proceedings who appear before the court and must be summoned to participate in the hearing of that case in court at a later date."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: 94943799-81bf-4619-9b8a-630697e191e4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 4301. Actions of a court when an accused person fails to appear before the court\n1. If an accused person who has been notified of the date and place of the hearing of a case fails to appear for a trial for compelling reasons, a judge shall fix a later date for the hearing of the case and shall serve on the accused person a summons to stand trial.\n2. The judge must serve summons on parties to the proceedings who appear before the court and must be summoned to participate in the hearing of that case in court at a later date.\n\nArticle 431. Specific features of participation of a defence counsel in accelerated proceedings\nWhere a person suspected of having committed a criminal act did not call in a defence counsel or did not have a defence counsel called in before his appearance before a court or where the defence counsel who was called in by the person suspected of having committed the criminal act or who was called in to defend this person by a pre-trial investigation officer or a prosecutor is unable to appear before the court due to a high workload or for other compelling reasons, the accused person shall be defended by the defence counsel appointed by the court. Such a defence counsel must be able to meet the defendant before the commencement of a court hearing and to have access to the material submitted to the court."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: 19874862-af3d-4a69-85b1-41b6fc9b273a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 432. Hearing of a case in court\n1. The hearing of a case in court under the accelerated procedure shall be conducted in compliance with the rules laid down in Part V of this Code, only instead of an indictment a prosecutor shall read out his motion for the hearing of the case under the accelerated procedure.\n2. No longer effective from 13 July 2013.\n3. A judgment and rulings rendered after hearing a case under the accelerated procedure shall be appealed against under the general procedure.\n\nCHAPTER XXXII\nPROCEEDINGS IN THE ABSENCE OF AN ACCUSED PERSON\n\nArticle 433. Hearing of a case in the absence of an accused person\nA case may be heard in the absence of an accused person in the case provided for in Article 246 of this Code. A judge shall resolve the issue of whether the case may be heard in the absence of the accused person when preparing the case for hearing in court. If, in the course of hearing of the case in court, it transpires that the just resolution of the case is impossible without the participation of the accused person, the hearing of the case shall be stayed.\n\nArticle 434. Procedure for hearing a case in the absence of an accused person\nA case shall be heard in the absence of an accused person in accordance with the rules laid down in Part V of this Code, with the exceptions provided for in this Chapter."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 435. Ensuring the right of an accused person to defence\nWhen hearing a case in the absence of an accused person, the presence of the defence counsel shall be necessary in all cases. During the hearing of the case in court, the interests of the accused person shall be defended by a defence counsel appointed by the court, unless the accused person has chosen his defence counsel in advance or the defence counsel is called in by close relatives or family members of the accused person.\n\nArticle 436. Specific features of the hearing of a case in the absence of an accused person\n1. When hearing a case in the absence of an accused person, his defence counsel shall be given an opportunity to state his opinion on the charges at the beginning of the examination of evidence in court after a prosecutor has read out an indictment in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 271 of this Code. Parties to the proceedings may request the defence counsel to clarify his position.\n2. When hearing a case in the absence of an accused person, the opportunity to conduct summary examination of evidence as provided for in Article 273 of this Code may not be exercised even though the case file contains the guilty plea of the accused person, which is not contested by the defence counsel.\n3. When hearing a case in the absence of an accused person, the defence counsel shall be allowed to deliver the final plea after closing speeches. The court shall subsequently retire without delay for the passing of a judgment."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: 04834e7c-333b-4292-a749-e46dddd6d195
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 437. Service and execution of a judgment passed after hearing a case in the absence of an accused person\n1. A judgment passed after hearing a case in the absence of an accused person shall be served on the defence counsel of the accused person. The time limit within which the judgment becomes final shall start to run from the time of service of the judgment on the defence counsel.\n2. A judgment which has been passed and has become final shall be executed prior to the detention of a convicted person or his delivery by extradition proceedings or under a European arrest warrant only to the extent that it is possible to execute it without the presence of the convicted person."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: ce6b564f-d7df-4fa0-b3bb-03e57962f12d
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 438. Procedure for appealing against a judgment passed in the absence of an accused person\n1. A convicted person whose case was heard in absentia shall have the right to file an appeal even after the expiry of a time limit for filing such an appeal, also to declare that he will participate in the hearing of the case under appeal procedure. If the execution of a judgment has already commenced, a court competent to hear the case under appeal procedure may, of its own motion or at the request of the convicted person or his defence counsel, issue a ruling to stay the execution of the judgment.\n2. If a convicted person who filed an appeal provided for in paragraph 1 of this Article and who is not in custody fails to appear for the hearing of the case under appeal procedure without a compelling reason, an appellate court may hear the case in the absence of the convicted person or may terminate the appellate proceedings.\n3. Having received an appeal of a convicted person who was tried in absentia in a court of first instance, an appellate court must repeat the actions of examination of evidence carried out in the court of first instance in the course of which the evidence subject to examination was used to support the judgment of conviction, if the convicted person disputes in his appeal the assessment of that evidence. These actions of examination of evidence must be repeated regardless of whether or not the case has already been heard in accordance with appeals of other parties to the proceedings. A judgment or ruling rendered in the course of appellate proceedings opened on the basis of the appeal of the convicted person may be appealed against under the general procedure."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4. Other parties to proceedings may appeal against a judgment and rulings in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 313 of this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "PART X\nAPPEAL TO HIGHER COURTS AGAINST RULINGS OF LOWER COURTS AND HEARING OF APPEALS\n\nArticle 439. Appeal to higher courts against rulings of lower courts\n1. Participants in the hearing of a case and other persons shall have the right to appeal to higher courts, in accordance with the procedure laid down in this Part of the Code, against rulings issued in lower courts during the preparation of a case for hearing or at a trial, also, in the cases provided for in this Code, against other rulings issued by courts, except for the cases where this Code provides for a special procedure for appealing against specific court rulings. \n2. Court rulings regarding the referral of a case for hearing at a trial, the possibility of hearing a case in the absence of any of parties to proceedings, the filed motions for challenge, the collection of new evidence, the hearing of requests of parties to proceedings, observations entered in a record of a trial and maintenance of order during the trial, the resumption of the examination of evidence in court shall not be subject to appeal in accordance with the procedure laid down in this Part."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 440. Procedure for appealing to higher courts against rulings of lower courts\n1. Participants in the hearing of a case shall have the right to file appeals with a higher court against a ruling of a lower court if they believe that their rights and legitimate interests have been violated by the ruling of the lower court. The appeals may also be filed by other parties to the proceedings as well as by the persons other than participants in the hearing of the case who were subject to coercive measures provided for in Article 163 of this Code.\n2. An appeal against a ruling of a district court shall be filed with a regional court, against a ruling of a regional court \u2013 with the Court of Appeal of Lithuania within seven days from the receipt of the ruling. The appeal shall be filed through the court which issued the ruling and which shall, not later than within three days, notify the persons concerned of the received appeal and of the right, within 14 days from the dispatch of the notification, to submit to a higher court a statement of defence, motions for challenge and other requests and shall transmit the appeal together with a transcript of the ruling and other material to the higher court."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 441. Procedure for hearing an appeals in a higher court\n1. The chair of a higher court or the chair of the criminal division thereof shall assign an appeal to a judge or a judicial panel of three judges and shall approve one of these judges as the chair of the judicial panel. If a ruling under appeal was issued by a district court or a single judge in a regional court, the appeal shall be heard by the single judge of the regional court or the Court of Appeal of Lithuania; if the ruling was issued by a judicial panel of a regional court, the appeal shall be heard before a judicial panel of three judges of the Criminal Division of the Court of Appeal of Lithuania.\n2. An appeal must be heard in a higher court within seven days from the receipt of the appeal by this court or, where a court hearing is not held, within seven days from the expiry of a time limit for submitting statements of defence.\n3. An appeal filed against the court rulings referred to in Article 132(5) and Article 405(6) of this Code or filed on the grounds aggravating the position of participants in the hearing of the case must, and an appeal filed against other decisions of a lower court may, be heard at a court hearing which may be attended by a prosecutor and an appellant. If the appeal is filed by an accused person on remand or a convicted person on remand, the court hearing shall be attended by their defence counsel. Failure of these persons to appear, provided that they were informed in due time of the date of the court hearing, shall not preclude the hearing of the appeal."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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id: 97ef8fb5-a195-427a-b3f4-8acaed31fc10
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4. When hearing an appeal at a court hearing, the person who filed it or the defence counsel of an accused person on remand or of a convicted person on remand may provide clarifications to adjust or supplement the arguments of the appeal, as well as submit documents related to the appeal."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 442. Decisions of a higher court taken after hearing an appeal\n1. Having heard an appeal, a judge or a judicial panel of a higher court shall issue one of the following rulings:\n1) to dismiss the appeal and to uphold a court ruling;\n2) to annul a court ruling and to take a new decision on the appeal;\n3) to amend a court ruling.\n2. A ruling of a regional court or the Court of Appeal of Lithuania on an appeal shall become final from the issue thereof and shall not be subject to appeal.\n\nPART XI\nREOPENING OF A CRIMINAL CASE\n\nCHAPTER XXXIII\nREOPENING OF A CRIMINAL CASE DUE TO NEWLY TRANSPIRED CIRCUMSTANCES\n\nArticle 443. Annulment of a final court judgment or ruling due to newly transpired circumstances\n1. A final court judgment or ruling may be annulled due to newly discovered circumstances referred to in Article 444 of this Code.\n2. A final judgment or ruling shall be annulled and cases shall be reopened due to newly transpired circumstances by a judicial panel of three justices of the Criminal Division of the Supreme Court of Lithuania."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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metadata:
{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 444. Newly transpired circumstances due to which a criminal case may be reopened\n1. The newly transpired circumstances due to which a judgment or ruling may be annulled and a criminal case may be reopened shall be as follows:\n1) a final court judgment establishes that the testimony of a witness or a victim or an expert report is false, as well as other evidence on which the judgment or the ruling is based is not authentic;\n2) a final court judgment establishes that judges engaged in criminal abuse when hearing the case;\n3) a final court judgment establishes that officers engaged in criminal abuse when conducting a pre-trial investigation, which resulted in the passing of an unlawful and unfounded judgment;\n4) other circumstances which were not and could not have been known to the court at the time of rendering the judgment or ruling, although the pre-trial investigation and the hearing of the case were conducted in detail, and which alone or together with the previously established circumstances prove that the convicted person is innocent or that he committed a less or more serious criminal act than the one of which he was convicted, also which prove that the acquitted person or the person whose case has been dismissed is guilty.\n2. Where a judgment cannot be passed in respect of the persons listed in points 1-3 of paragraph 1 of this Article because an accused person is deceased or the limitation period for the passing of a judgment of conviction has expired, the newly transpired circumstances shall be established in the course of an investigation conducted in accordance with the procedure laid down in Articles 446 and 447 of this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: 507b24d1-20d1-4b7c-aa1a-33290463b504
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 445. Time limits for reopening a criminal case due to newly transpired circumstances\nA criminal case may be reopened due to newly transpired circumstances not later than within one year from the transpiration of the new circumstances."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 446. Commencement of proceedings due to newly transpired circumstances\n1. A motion regarding newly transpired circumstances may be filed with a prosecutor by a convicted person, an acquitted person, their defence counsel and legal representatives, a victim, a civil claimant, a civil defendant and their representatives.\n2. Persons\u2019 motions regarding newly transpired circumstances in respect of final judgments of district courts shall be examined by the chief prosecutor of a district prosecutor\u2019s office, motions in respect of judgments and rulings of regional courts \u2013 by the chief prosecutor of a regional prosecutor\u2019s office, motions in respect of judgments and rulings of the Court of Appeal of Lithuania and rulings of the Supreme Court of Lithuania \u2013 by the Prosecutor General of the Republic of Lithuania.\n3. A prosecutor who believes that at least one of the circumstances provided for in Article 444 of this Code may exist shall, of his own motion or at the request of parties to proceedings, adopt a decision to open proceedings due to newly transpired circumstances and, based on the rules of this Code, shall conduct an investigation of those circumstances himself or shall assign this to a pre-trial investigation body.\n4. A prosecutor who has not found a ground for opening proceedings due to newly transpired circumstances shall adopt a decision to refuse to open proceedings. The persons concerned shall be notified of such a decision of the prosecutor and shall be instructed as to the right to appeal against the decision to a senior prosecutor. The person concerned may appeal against the decision of this prosecutor in accordance with the procedure and within the time limits laid down in Article 447(2) of this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: 25ef76ea-a4dc-438b-897b-b2569154858b
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 447. Actions of a prosecutor upon completion of an investigation of newly transpired circumstances\n1. Where an investigation of newly transpired circumstances is completed and there are grounds for reopening a case, a prosecutor shall transmit the investigation material and his conclusion to the President of the Supreme Court of Lithuania.\n2. If there are no grounds for reopening the case, the prosecutor shall terminate the proceedings by his decision. The persons concerned shall be notified of the decision and shall also be instructed as to the right to appeal against the prosecutor\u2019s decision. The prosecutor\u2019s decision may be appealed against to a senior prosecutor within five days from the receipt of a notice thereof, while a decision of the senior prosecutor may be appealed against within three days to a district court if the appeal was heard by the chief prosecutor of a regional prosecutor\u2019s office or to Vilnius Regional Court if the appeal was heard by the Prosecutor General of the Republic of Lithuania. The court shall hear the appeal by applying the provisions of Article 64 of this Code accordingly. A ruling of the court which has heard the appeal may be appealed against in accordance with the procedure laid down in Part X of this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: 0c5a31a2-ea6a-4b63-aa0f-feb58c2ec964
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 448. Procedure for reopening a criminal case in court due to newly transpired circumstances\n1. The issue of reopening of a case due to newly transpired circumstances shall be heard and resolved at the Supreme Court of Lithuania before a judicial panel of three justices of the Criminal Division who did not previously participate in the hearing of the case (except when hearing the case at a plenary session of the Supreme Court of Lithuania). This judicial panel shall consist of the President of the Supreme Court of Lithuania or the chair of the Criminal Division. He shall appoint a rapporteur and shall appoint one of the justices as the chair of the judicial panel.\n2. The judicial panel shall hold a court hearing to consider a prosecutor\u2019s conclusion and the investigation material. Where necessary, the file of a case in which a judgment or ruling to be annulled was rendered may be evoked. \n3. A prosecutor shall participate in the court hearing. The person, as referred to in Article 446(1) of this Code, who filed a motion regarding newly transpired circumstances shall be notified of the place and date of the court hearing, however his failure to appear shall not preclude the hearing of the case.\n4. At a fixed time, the chair of the judicial panel shall commence the court hearing, announce the prosecutor\u2019s conclusion and the court judgment or ruling in relation to which it is to be considered. The chair of the judicial panel shall subsequently check who has appeared for the hearing and announce the composition of the court. If the issue of challenge arises, the court shall resolve it in accordance with the procedure laid down by this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: 340098a7-d843-4e85-8eb3-5d47bcd0fe4f
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "5. The hearing of the case shall commence with a report of a judge in which he sets out the merits of the case.\n6. After the judge\u2019s report, the prosecutor shall provide clarifications.\n7. After hearing the clarifications, the court shall, having taken a decision on the bench or in the deliberation room, notify of the date and place of pronouncement of a ruling. The ruling shall be issued and pronounced in compliance with the relevant provisions provided for in Articles 297-299, 302 and 308 of this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: 02df8e67-5944-4eed-82f2-a7ef164cef91
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 449. Court rulings concerning a prosecutor\u2019s conclusion to reopen a criminal case\n1. Having considered a prosecutor\u2019s conclusion and investigation material, a court may issue one of the following rulings:\n1) to annul a court judgment or ruling, to reopen a case and to refer it for reinvestigation or for retrial;\n2) to annul a court judgment or ruling and to dismiss the case;\n3) to refuse to reopen a case.\n2. Having issued a ruling to annul a court judgment or ruling, to reopen a case and to refer it for reinvestigation or for retrial, a court shall have the right to stay the execution of a judgment or ruling rendered by any  court of the Republic of Lithuania.\n\nArticle 450. Proceedings following the reopening of a criminal case due to newly transpired circumstances\nIf a criminal case is reopened due to newly transpired circumstances, a pre-trial investigation and hearing in court shall be conducted, and a subsequent judgment shall be appealed against, in accordance with the general procedure.\n\nCHAPTER XXXIV\nREOPENING OF A CRIMINAL CASE DUE TO A MANIFESTLY INCORRECT APPLICATION OF A CRIMINAL LAW"}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: 7fdb5ede-5efa-42f8-8db9-3ac40ce750a4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 451. Grounds for reopening a criminal case due to a manifestly incorrect application of a criminal law\nCriminal cases which were heard or were left unheard in a court of cassation, also criminal cases in which a judgment or ruling could not be appealed against or which were not appealed against under cassation procedure shall be reopened where, according to the circumstances indicated in the judgments and rulings, there are grounds for believing that a criminal law was applied manifestly incorrectly and therefore it is necessary:\n1) to annul a judgment of conviction and subsequent court rulings and to dismiss the criminal case;\n2) to change the classification of a criminal act committed by a convicted person in accordance with another article of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania, a paragraph or point thereof providing for a less serious criminal act;\n3) to reduce a combined sentence imposed on a convicted person after rectifying the incorrect application of Articles 63-65 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania;\n4) to release a convicted person from a penalty because the limitation period for the passing of a judgment of conviction has expired; \n5) to release a convicted person from a penalty or to reduce it upon rectifying the incorrect application of an act of amnesty."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: a91332cd-2913-469c-b811-4000411f15dd
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 452. Right to file a motion for reopening of a criminal case\n1. A convicted person, his legal representative and defence counsel as well as the Prosecutor General of the Republic of Lithuania shall have the right to file a motion with the Supreme Court of Lithuania for reopening of a criminal case on the grounds specified in Article 451 of this Code. The President of the Supreme Court of Lithuania shall have the right to make a submission to a judicial panel on this issue. The motion may be filed, or the submission may be made, for reopening of the criminal case only until a convicted person has served a sentence imposed on him or until the expiry of a period for which execution of the sentence has been stayed.\n2. Repeat motions and submissions for reopening of a criminal case shall not be admitted or heard."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 453. Taking of a decision on the reopening of a criminal case\n1. Having established that the received motion is not signed, was filed after exceeding the time limits laid down in Article 452(1) of this Code, was filed repeatedly or the grounds provided for in Article 451 of this Code are incorrectly indicated therein, the President of the Supreme Court of Lithuania or the chair of the Criminal Division shall return the motion to the person who filed it. A duly drawn-up motion may be refiled.\n2. If the motion complies with the requirements of this Code, the President of the Supreme Court of Lithuania or the chair of the Criminal Division shall issue a ruling to refer the motion to a judicial panel of the Criminal Division.\n3. A judicial panel of three justices of the Criminal Division of the Supreme Court of Lithuania shall decide by a ruling whether a criminal case needs to be reopened within one month from the issue of a ruling referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article or, where there is a ground for believing that a convicted person must be released from the place of custody, without delay.\n4. The reopened case shall be referred to:\n1) a judicial panel of three justices of the Criminal Division of the Supreme Court of Lithuania if it was heard in courts of first instance and appeal or only in courts of first instance;\n2) an extended judicial panel of seven justices of the Criminal Division of the Supreme Court of Lithuania if it was heard before a judicial panel of three justices of the Criminal Division of the Supreme Court of Lithuania. The extended judicial panel of seven justices may not include a judge who participated in the hearing of the case in a court of cassation;"}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3) a plenary session of the Criminal Division of the Supreme Court of Lithuania if it was heard before an extended judicial panel of seven justices of the Criminal Division of the Supreme Court of Lithuania.\n5. Having decided to reopen the criminal case, the judicial panel of three justices of the Criminal Division of the Supreme Court of Lithuania may, by the same ruling, stay the execution of the judgments and rulings rendered in that case."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 454. Hearing of a reopened criminal case \n1. During the hearing of a reopened criminal case, a prosecutor and a defence counsel shall participate in a court hearing. A convicted person, his legal representative, a victim and his representative may be called in to the court hearing. Failure of these persons to appear, provided that they were duly informed of the date and place of the hearing of the case, shall not preclude the hearing of the case.\n2. At the beginning of the hearing of the case, the chair of a judicial panel shall ask participants in the hearing of the case whether they challenge judges, the prosecutor, the defence counsel, the interpreter or the clerk of the court hearing. A decision on motions for challenge shall be taken in accordance with the procedure laid down in Articles 57-59 and 61 of this Code.\n3. One of the judges shall set out the merits of the case in a report.\n4. After the judge\u2019s report, speeches of the persons appearing for the hearing shall be heard. The person who filed the respective motion shall speak first.\n5. After hearing the speeches, the court shall, having taken a decision on the bench or in the deliberation room, notify of the date and place of pronouncement of a ruling. The ruling shall be issued and pronounced in compliance with the relevant provisions provided for in Articles 297-299, 302 and 308 of this Code.\n6. If a convicted person must be released from the place of custody, the entire ruling must be drawn up and delivered for execution on the day of its pronouncement.\n7. At the court hearing, a record of the court hearing shall be drawn up."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: da126abb-8f04-46bf-9030-1df2d9345110
encoding: FLOAT32
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 455. Rulings of a court upon completion of the hearing of a case\nHaving completed the hearing of a case, a court shall issue one of the following rulings:\n1) to reject a motion or a submission for reopening of the criminal case;\n2) to annul a judgment and subsequent court rulings and to dismiss the case;\n3) to annul decisions of courts of appeal and cassation and to uphold a judgment or a ruling of a court of first instance (with or without amendments);\n4) to annul a ruling of a court of cassation and to uphold judgments and rulings of courts of first instance and appeal (with or without amendments);\n5) to amend court judgments or court rulings.\n\nCHAPTER XXXV\nREOPENING OF A CRIMINAL CASE PURSUANT TO DECISIONS OF THE UNITED NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITTEE OR THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS OR A RULING OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT"}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 456. Grounds for reopening a criminal case pursuant to decisions of the United Nations Human Rights Committee or the European Court of Human Rights or a ruling of the Constitutional Court\nCriminal cases heard by courts of the Republic of Lithuania may be reopened where:\n1) the United Nations Human Rights Committee finds that a decision to convict a person was taken in violation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights or its Optional Protocols, or the European Court of Human Rights finds that the decision to convict the person was taken in violation of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms or its Additional Protocols, where the violations, by virtue of their nature and gravity, raise reasonable doubts as to the person\u2019s conviction and the continuing violations may be rectified only by reopening of the case involving the convict;\n2) the Constitutional Court, when hearing the request of the person referred to in the fourth paragraph of Article 106 of the Constitution, finds that a law or any other act passed by the Seimas, a decree of the President of the Republic or an act of the Government (or part thereof) on which the taken decision to convict a person is based is in conflict with the Constitution and raises reasonable doubts as to the conviction of the person, while the continuing violations of the rights and freedoms of this person may be rectified only by reopening the case involving the convict.\n \nArticle 457. Right to request reopening of a criminal case"}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 457. Right to request reopening of a criminal case \n1. A request to reopen a criminal case on the grounds referred to in point 1 of Article 456 of this Code may be submitted by a person against whom violations of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights or its Optional Protocols or the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms or its Additional Protocols have been committed, his successor in title, an authorised representative of these persons or the Prosecutor General of the Republic of Lithuania.\n2. A request to reopen a criminal case on the grounds referred to in point 2 of Article 456 of this Code may be submitted by a person in respect whereof a decision to convict him has been taken on the basis of a law or any other act passed by the Seimas, a decree of the President of the Republic or an act of the Government (or part thereof) which the Constitutional Court, when hearing the person\u2019s request, found to be in conflict with the Constitution, also his representative or the Prosecutor General of the Republic of Lithuania.\n3. The President of the Supreme Court of Lithuania may, by making a submission, request that a case be reopened also in the absence of a request referred to in this Article."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: b97b9d73-84d4-435e-a91e-c1c7239bbb58
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 458. Submission of a request or making of a submission for reopening of a criminal case\n1. A request to reopen a criminal case shall be submitted, or a submission to this end shall be made, to the Supreme Court of Lithuania. The request shall be submitted, or the submission shall be made, to reopen a criminal case on the grounds referred to in point 1 of Article 456 of this Code together with a decision of the United Nations Human Rights Committee or a final judgment of the European Court of Human Rights and their translation into the Lithuanian language.\n2. A request shall be submitted, or a submission shall be made, within six months after the date on which a ruling of the Constitutional Court or a decision of the United Nations Human Rights Committee or a judgment the European Court of Human Rights is or becomes final.\n3. A repeat request or a repeat submission concerning the same person and on the same grounds may not be submitted and heard."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 459. Decision on the admissibility of a request or a submission and reopening of a criminal case \n1. The President of the Supreme Court of Lithuania shall verify whether a request for the reopening of a case was submitted without prejudice to the requirements of Article 457(1) or (2) and Article 458 of this Code, also whether the hearing of the case was reopened in the European Court of Human Rights. If such infringements exist or the hearing of the case was reopened in the European Court of Human Rights, the President of the Supreme Court of Lithuania shall return the request to the applicant. A duly submitted request or a duly made submission shall be referred to a judicial panel of three judges for determination of its admissibility in accordance with the requirements of Article 456 of this Code. The judicial panel shall decide on the admissibility of the request or submission within one month from the referral of the request or the submission to the judicial panel.\n2. Having considered the issue of admissibility of the request or the submission to reopen the criminal case, the judicial panel shall issue one of the following rulings:\n1) to reject the request or the submission as unfounded and to refuse to reopen the criminal case;\n2) to refer the request or the submission to the Supreme Administrative Court of Lithuania or any other competent authority;\n3) to admit the request or the submission and to reopen the criminal case.\n3. In the event of issuing the ruling referred to in point 3 of paragraph 2 of this Article, the judicial panel shall refer the case for hearing to:"}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: fea666d1-0a9f-4520-9a03-8aa33b02816d
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1) a judicial panel of three justices of the Criminal Division of the Supreme Court of Lithuania, where the case was not heard under cassation procedure. In this case, the case may be heard before the same judicial panel which reopened the criminal case;\n2) a plenary session of the Criminal Division of the Supreme Court of Lithuania, where the case was heard under cassation procedure.\n4. If the judicial panel decides to reopen the criminal case, it may, by the same ruling, stay the execution of the judgments and rulings rendered in that case."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 460. Hearing of a reopened criminal case \n1. A hearing of a judicial panel or a plenary session of the Criminal Division of the Supreme Court of Lithuania for the hearing of a reopened criminal case shall be held within the shortest possible time period after the issue of a ruling to reopen the criminal case. \n2. A person who submits a request to reopen the criminal case shall have the right to attend the court hearing. The hearing shall be attended by a prosecutor and a defence counsel. A convict, a victim and their legal representatives shall be notified of the hearing. If the ground for reopening the case is related to the issues resolved by a cassation ruling, all persons who had the right to participate in the hearing of the case under cassation procedure shall be notified thereof. Failure of the persons to appear, provided that they were duly informed of the date and place of the hearing of the reopened case, shall not preclude the hearing of the case.\n3. At the beginning of the hearing of the case, a judge appointed as rapporteur shall set out the merits of the case. After the judge\u2019s statement, the floor shall be given to the person who submitted the request to reopen the criminal case. The court shall subsequently give the floor to other persons participating in the hearing of the case. The person who submitted the request to reopen the case shall have the right to provide additional clarifications last."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4. Having heard the speeches and additional clarifications of the persons participating in the hearing of the case, the court shall, having taken a decision on the bench or in the deliberation room, notify of the date and place of pronouncement of a ruling. The ruling shall be issued and pronounced in compliance with the relevant provisions provided for in Articles 297-299, 302 and 308 of this Code.\n5. If, after completing the hearing of the reopened case the convict must be released from the place of custody, the ruling shall be delivered for execution on the day of its pronouncement.\n6. At the court hearing, a record of the court hearing shall be drawn up."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 461. Rulings of a court upon completion of the hearing of a reopened criminal case\n1. Having completed the hearing of a reopened criminal case, a court shall issue one of the following rulings:\n1) to reject a request or a submission to reopen a criminal case and to uphold court judgments and subsequent court rulings;\n2) to annul a judgment and subsequent court rulings and to dismiss the case;\n3) to annul a judgment and subsequent court rulings and to refer the case for reinvestigation or retrial in a court of first instance; \n4) to annul a judgment or a ruling of an appellate court and to uphold a judgment of a court of first instance (whether amended or not);\n5) to annul a judgment or ruling of an appellate court and to refer the case for retrial under appeal procedure;\n6) to annul a cassation ruling and to issue a new ruling;\n7) to amend court judgments or court rulings.\n2. Having completed the hearing of a reopened criminal case, a court may annul court judgments or rulings in part.\n3. The court rulings referred to in this Article shall be final and not subject to appeal."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Annex to\nthe Republic of Lithuania \nCode of Criminal Procedure \n\nLEGAL ACTS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION IMPLEMENTED BY THIS LAW"}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1. Council Framework Decision 2001/220/JHA of 15 March 2001 on the standing of victims in criminal proceedings (OJ 2004 Special edition, Chapter 19, Volume 04, p. 72).\n2. Council Decision 2002/187/JHA of 28 February 2002 setting up Eurojust with a view to reinforcing the fight against serious crime (OJ 2002 L 63, p. 1).\n3. Council Framework Decision 2002/584/JHA of 13 June 2002 on the European arrest warrant and the surrender procedures between Member States (OJ 2004 Special edition, Chapter 19, Volume 06, p. 34).\n4. No longer effective from 15 June 2017.\n5. Council Framework Decision 2005/214/JHA of 24 February 2005 on the application of the principle of mutual recognition to financial penalties (OJ 2005 L 76, p. 16).\n6. No longer effective from 19 December 2020.\n7. Council Framework Decision 2008/909/JHA of 27 November 2008 on the application of the principle of mutual recognition to judgments in criminal matters imposing custodial sentences or measures involving deprivation of liberty for the purpose of their enforcement in the European Union (OJ 2008 L 327, p. 27), as amended by Council Framework Decision 2009/299/JHA of 26 February 2009 (OJ 2009 L 81, p.24). \n8. Council Decision 2009/426/JHA of 16 December 2008 on the strengthening of Eurojust and amending Decision 2002/187/JHA setting up Eurojust with a view to reinforcing the fight against serious crime (OJ 2002 L 138, p. 14)."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "9. Council Framework Decision 2009/299/JHA of 26 February 2009 amending Framework Decisions 2002/584/JHA, 2005/214/JHA, 2006/783/JHA, 2008/909/JHA and 2008/947/JHA, thereby enhancing the procedural rights of persons and fostering the application of the principle of mutual recognition to decisions rendered in the absence of the person concerned at the trial (OJ 2009 L 81, p. 24).\n10. Council Framework Decision 2009/948/JHA of 30 November 2009 on prevention and settlement of conflicts of exercise of jurisdiction in criminal proceedings (OJ 2009 L 328, p. 42). \n11. Directive 2010/64/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 October 2010 on the right to interpretation and translation in criminal proceedings (OJ 2010 L 280, p. 1).\n12. Directive 2011/36/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2011 on preventing and combating trafficking in human beings and protecting its victims, and replacing Council Framework Decision 2002/629/JHA (OJ 2011 L 101, p. 1).\n13. Directive 2011/93/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 on combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child pornography, and replacing Council Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA (OJ 2011 L 335, p. 1).\n14. Directive 2011/99/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 on the European protection order (OJ 2011 L 338, p. 2)."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "15. Directive 2012/13/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2012 on the right to information in criminal proceedings (OJ 2012 L 142, p. 1).\n16. Directive 2012/29/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 establishing minimum standards on the rights, support and protection of victims of crime, and replacing Council Framework Decision 2001/220/JHA (OJ 2012 L 315, p. 57).\n17. Directive 2013/48/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2013 on the right of access to a lawyer in criminal proceedings and in European arrest warrant proceedings, and on the right to have a third party informed upon deprivation of liberty and to communicate with third persons and with consular authorities while deprived of liberty (OJ 2013 L 294, p.1). \n18. Directive 2014/42/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 3 April 2014 on the freezing and confiscation of instrumentalities and proceeds of crime in the European Union (OJ 2014 L 127, p. 39). \n19. Directive 2014/62/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 on the protection of the euro and other currencies against counterfeiting by criminal law, and replacing Council Framework Decision 2000/383/JHA (OJ 2014 L 151, p. 1).\n20. Directive (EU) 2016/343 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2016 on the strengthening of certain aspects of the presumption of innocence and of the right to be present at the trial in criminal proceedings (OJ 2016 L 65, p. 1)."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Criminal_Procedure_code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "21. Directive (EU) 2016/800 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 May 2016 on procedural safeguards for children who are suspects or accused persons in criminal proceedings (OJ 2012 L 132, p. 1). \n22. Directive (EU) 2016/1919 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 October 2016 on legal aid for suspects and accused persons in criminal proceedings and for requested persons in European arrest warrant proceedings (OJ\u00a02016 L 297, p. 1). \n23. Council of Europe Regulation (EU) 2017/1939 of 12 October 2017 implementing enhanced cooperation on the establishment of the European Public Prosecutor\u2019s Office."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: b6cca2cd-d7f4-4191-a258-0f114bda622b
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "APPROVED\n\n\nby Law No VIII-1864 of 18 July 2000\n\n(As last amended on 30 June 2022 \u2013 No XIV-1357)\n\n \n\n \n\n\nREPUBLIC OF LITHUANIA\n\nCIVIL CODE\n\n \n\n\nBOOK ONE\n\nGENERAL PROVISIONS\n\n \n\n\nPART I\n\nCIVIL LAWS AND THEIR APPLICATION\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER I\n\nCIVIL LAWS AND THE RELATIONSHIPS THEY REGULATE"}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "CHAPTER I\n\nCIVIL LAWS AND THE RELATIONSHIPS THEY REGULATE\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.1. Relationships governed by the Civil Code of the Republic of Lithuania\n\n\n1. The Civil Code of the Republic of Lithuania shall govern property relationships and personal non-property relationships related to those relationships, as well as family relationships. In the cases provided for by law, other personal non-property relationships shall likewise be governed by this Code.\n\n\n2. The provisions established by this Code shall apply to property relationships based on the legal subordination of persons to state institutions and directly resultant from their exercise of functions of public authority (realisation of subordination), or from the performance of persons\u2019 obligations established by laws towards the State, or from the imposition of administrative or criminal sanctions established by laws, including relationships in the field of taxation and other obligatory payments or dues to the State or to its institutions, also in the field of the state budget, as well as to any other relationships governed by the provisions of public law to the extent that these relationships are not regulated by the relevant laws, also in the cases when it is expressly prescribed by this Code.\n\n\n3. Employment relationships shall be regulated by special laws. The provisions of this Code shall apply to employment relationships to the extent that they are not regulated by special laws.\n\n\n4. The provisions of this Code have been harmonised with the provisions of the legal acts of the European Union specified in Annex to this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: 157a6866-e817-44d7-a5d5-72e263d3a717
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.2. Principles of legal regulation of civil relationships\n\n\n1. Civil relationships shall be regulated in accordance with the principles of equality of their subjects\u2019 rights, inviolability of property, freedom of contract, non-interference in private relations, legal certainty, proportionality and legitimate expectations, prohibition of abuse of rights, as well as the principles of comprehensive judicial protection of civil rights.\n\n\n2. No civil rights may be limited, except in the cases established by law, or on the basis of a court judgment made in accordance with laws, where such limitation is necessary for the protection of public order, the principles of good morals, human health and life, property of persons, their rights and legitimate interests.."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.3. Sources of civil law\n\n\n1. The sources of civil law shall be the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania, this Code, other laws and international treaties of the Republic of Lithuania.\n\n\n2. Where there are contradictions between this Code and other laws, the provisions of this Code shall apply, except in cases where this Code gives priority to the provisions of other laws.\n\n\n3. When implementing legal acts of the European Union, other laws may lay down rules regulating civil legal relationships other than those laid down by this Code. In this case, the Civil Code shall apply to the extent that other laws do not specify otherwise.\n\n\n4. Civil relationships may be regulated by Government resolutions and legal acts of other state institutions only to the extent indicated by laws. Where legal acts of the Government or those of other state institutions contradict the provisions of this Code or the provisions of other laws, the provisions of this Code or those of other laws shall prevail.\n\n\n5. The court shall have the right to declare a legal act or a part thereof null and void if it contradicts the Civil Code or another law in those cases where the supervision of conformity of this act to the Constitution or to other laws does not fall within the remit of the Constitutional Court. Having declared such a legal act to be null and void, the court must, within three days, send a copy of its judgment to the institution or the official that has adopted the legal act concerned. The final court judgment shall be published in accordance with the procedure for officially announcing legal acts."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.4. Customs\n\n\n1. In the cases established by law or agreed on in contracts, civil relationships shall be regulated by customs.\n\n\n2. Customs shall not apply where they are contrary to the mandatory legal rules or the principles of good faith, reasonableness and justice.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.5. Application of the principles of justice, reasonableness and good faith\n\n\n1. In exercising their rights and performing their duties, the subjects of civil legal relationships must act according to the principles of justice, reasonableness and good faith.\n\n\n2. In the cases where laws do not prevent subjects of civil legal relationships from determining their mutual rights and duties upon agreement between themselves, these subjects must act in accordance with the principles of justice, reasonableness and good faith.\n\n\n3. If laws or an agreement between the parties provide for certain matters to be decided by a court according to its discretion, in doing so, the court must act in accordance with the principles of justice, reasonableness and good faith.\n\n\n4. In interpreting and applying laws, the court must be guided by the principles of justice, reasonableness and good faith.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.6. Ignorance of laws or improper understanding thereof\n\nIgnorance of laws or improper understanding thereof shall not exempt from the application of the sanctions established therein, and shall not justify the failure to comply with the requirements of laws or improper compliance therewith."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.7. Effect of civil laws\n\n\n1. Civil laws and other legal acts regulating civil relationships shall enter into force only upon their publication according to the procedure established by law.\n\n\n2. Civil laws and other legal acts regulating civil relationships shall have no retroactive effect.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.8. Analogy of statute and law\n\n\n1. Civil relationships not governed by the rules of the civil law shall be governed by civil laws that govern similar relationships (analogy of statute).\n\n\n2. In the absence of relevant civil laws governing similar relationships, general principles of law shall apply (analogy of law).\n\n\n3. Special rules of law, i.e. those establishing exceptions to general rules, may not be applied by analogy.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.9. Principles of interpretation of the provisions of the Civil Code\n\n\n1. In order to ensure the integrity of this Code and the conformity of its separate structural parts, the provisions of this Code in the process of their application shall be interpreted by taking into account the system and the structure of this Code.\n\n\n2. The words and word combinations used in this Code shall be interpreted in their general meaning, except in those cases where it is clear from the context that a word or word combination is used in a special \u2013 legal, technical or any other \u2013 meaning. Where the general meaning of a word does not coincide with its special meaning, priority shall be given to the special meaning.\n\n\n3. In determining the right meaning of an applicable norm, the purposes and objectives of this Civil Code and the norm concerned shall be taken into consideration."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "CHAPTER II\n\nPRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW\n\n \n\n\nSECTION ONE\n\nGENERAL PROVISIONS"}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: 267a0336-6fab-465d-8f06-68ac2b4b1b37
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "SECTION ONE\n\nGENERAL PROVISIONS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.10. Application of foreign law\n\n\n1. Foreign law shall apply to civil relationships where it is so provided for by the international treaties of the Republic of Lithuania, agreements between the parties or laws of the Republic of Lithuania.\n\n\n2. A reference to foreign law shall include all the provisions applicable to the facts of a case under that law. It shall be prohibited to refuse to apply foreign law solely relying on the fact that the applicable legal rule is attributed to public law.\n\n\n3. A reference to the applicable foreign law shall mean a reference to the national substantive law of the state concerned, but not a reference to the private international law of that state, except in cases provided for by this Code.\n\n\n4. Where the legal system of the state to which the renvoi is made by the provisions of this Code comprises different legal systems based on the criteria of division into several territorial units, a reference to an applicable foreign law shall mean a reference to the legal system of the relevant territory determined in accordance with the criteria established in the law of that foreign state.\n\n\n5. Where the legal system of the state to which renvoi is made by the provisions of this Code comprises several legal systems applied to different categories of persons, the applicable legal systems shall be determined in accordance with the criteria established in the law of that foreign state.\n\n\n6. Where the criteria established in paragraphs 4 and 5 of this Article may not be identified within the scope of the applicable foreign law, the law of the legal system to which the relevant case is most closely connected shall apply."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: 99dde6b2-a2b4-4fc4-b094-9b72f3f72481
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.11. Limitation of the application of foreign law\n\n\n1. The provisions of foreign law shall not apply where the application thereof might be inconsistent with the public order established by the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania and other laws. In such cases, the civil laws of the Republic of Lithuania shall apply.\n\n\n2. Mandatory provisions of laws of the Republic of Lithuania or those of any other state most closely related with a dispute shall apply regardless of the fact that other foreign law has been agreed upon by the parties. In deciding on these matters, the court must take into consideration the nature of these provisions, their purpose and the consequences of application or non-application thereof.\n\n\n3. In accordance with this Code, the applicable foreign law may not be given effect where, in the light of all attendant circumstances of the case, it becomes evident that the foreign law concerned is clearly not pertinent to the case or its part, with the case in question being more closely connected with the law of another state. This rule shall not apply where the applicable law is determined by the agreement of the parties."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: a124ddc8-deae-4843-ae16-280a244cdc01
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.12. Determination of the content of foreign law\n\n\n1. In the cases established by the international treaties of the Republic of Lithuania or by laws of the Republic of Lithuania, the application, interpretation and determination of the content of foreign law shall be performed by the court ex officio (on its own initiative).\n\n\n2. Where the application of foreign law is established upon agreement between the parties, the burden of proof in relation to the content of the applicable foreign law in accordance with its official interpretation, practice of application and the law doctrine in the relevant foreign state shall lay on the disputing party that refers to the foreign law. At the request of the disputing party, the court may provide assistance in collecting information on the applicable foreign law.\n\n\n3. Where the court or the disputing party that refers to foreign law fails to perform the obligation indicated in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article, the law of the Republic of Lithuania shall apply.\n\n\n4. In the exceptional cases where it is necessary to take immediate interim measures to protect the rights or the property of a person, the court may decide on the urgent issues by applying the law of the Republic of Lithuania pending the determination of the law applicable to the dispute and the content thereof."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.13. International treaties\n\n\n1. Where the provisions established in the international treaties of the Republic of Lithuania differ from those determined by this Code and other laws of the Republic of Lithuania, the provisions of the international treaties of the Republic of Lithuania shall apply.\n\n\n2. The international treaties of the Republic of Lithuania shall apply to civil relationships directly, except in cases where an international treaty establishes that an internal legal act of the Republic of Lithuania is required for its application.\n\n\n3. The provisions of international treaties must be applied and interpreted in accordance with their international character and the necessity to guarantee a unified interpretation and application thereof."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: e9a8b6ef-d580-4261-b25f-b8378edcddf0
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.14. Referring back and referring to the law of a third state (renvoi)\n\n\n1. If the applicable foreign law refers back to the law of the Republic of Lithuania, that reference shall be observed only in the cases provided for in this Code or the foreign law.\n\n\n2. If the applicable foreign law refers to the law of a third state, that reference shall be observed only in the cases provided for in this Code or the law of the third state.\n\n\n3. Where, in determining the civil legal status of a person, the applicable foreign law refers back to the law of the Republic of Lithuania, such reference shall be observed.\n\n\n4. Paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of this Article shall not apply in the cases where the applicable law has been chosen by the parties to a transaction, likewise in determining the applicable law to the form of a transaction and to non-contractual obligations.\n\n\n5. Where the provisions of this Chapter provide for the application of an international treaty (convention), the matters of renvoi, i.e. referring back and referring to the law of a third state, shall be decided in accordance with the provisions of the applicable international treaty (convention).\n\n \n\n\nSECTION TWO\n\nLAW APPLICABLE TO THE CIVIL LEGAL STATUS OF NATURAL PERSONS"}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: 10e75a08-cc86-476b-98dc-4f1f70daa257
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "SECTION TWO\n\nLAW APPLICABLE TO THE CIVIL LEGAL STATUS OF NATURAL PERSONS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.15. Civil capacity of foreign citizens and stateless persons\n\n\n1. Foreign citizens in the Republic of Lithuania shall possess the same civil capacity as the citizens of the Republic of Lithuania. Exceptions to this rule may be established by laws of the Republic of Lithuania.\n\n\n2. The time of birth and death of foreign citizens shall be determined in accordance with the law of the state where the domicile of the foreign citizens (Article 2.12 of this Code) was at the moment of their birth or death.\n\n\n3. Stateless persons in the Republic of Lithuania shall possess the same civil capacity as the citizens of the Republic of Lithuania. Special exceptions to this rule may be established by laws of the Republic of Lithuania.\n\n\n4. The time of birth and death of stateless persons shall be determined in accordance with the law of the state where the domicile of the stateless persons was at the moment of their birth or death."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: 88f7d394-e52e-4058-ac84-515967bfeb8a
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.16. Civil active capacity of foreign citizens and stateless persons\n\n\n1. Civil active capacity of foreign citizens or stateless persons shall be governed by the law of their state of domicile.\n\n\n2. Where such persons have no domicile or it cannot be determined with certainty, their civil active capacity shall be determined in accordance with the law of the state in the territory of which these persons concluded a relevant transaction.\n\n\n3. If a person has residence in more than one state, the law of the state with which he is most closely connected shall apply.\n\n\n4. Foreign citizens and stateless persons with permanent residence in the Republic of Lithuania shall be declared legally incapable in certain areas or of limited legal capacity in certain areas and assistance to them in making decisions shall be provided in accordance with the procedure established by law of the Republic of Lithuania.\n\n\n5. A change of domicile shall not affect civil active capacity if that capacity was acquired prior to the change of domicile.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.17. Prohibition to invoke incapacity\n\n\n1. A party to a transaction, who is legally incapable under the law of the state of his domicile, may not invoke his incapacity if he was legally capable under the law of the state in which the transaction was concluded unless the other party was aware or ought to have been aware of the first party\u2019s incapacity under the law of the state of the latter\u2019s domicile.\n\n\n2. Provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article shall not apply to family law and the law of succession, as well as to real rights."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: c24bee47-0449-4f02-8c03-bc774d519e20
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.18. Declaration of foreign citizens and stateless persons to be missing or dead\n\nForeign citizens and stateless persons shall be acknowledged missing or declared dead in accordance with the law of the state of their last known domicile.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION THREE\n\nLAW APPLICABLE\n\nTO LEGAL PERSONS OR OTHER ORGANISATIONS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.19. Civil capacity of foreign legal persons or any other organisations\n\n\n1. Civil capacity of foreign legal persons or any other organisations shall be governed by the law of the state where these persons or organisations are founded.\n\n\n2. If the procedure of founding a foreign legal person or any other organisation has been violated, its civil capacity shall be determined by the law of the state of its actual functioning.\n\n\n3. Irrespective of the state of foundation of a legal person or any other organisation, the civil capacity of its subdivisions shall be determined in accordance with the law of the Republic of Lithuania if the head office, principal place of business or other activity of the subdivision is located in the Republic of Lithuania.\n\n\n4. Merger, association or transfer of the head office of legal persons or any other organisations, one of which is located in the Republic of Lithuania and the other in a foreign state, shall have effect on their civil capacity in the Republic of Lithuania only if implemented in conformity with the laws of both states concerned."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: 2288d5da-6dfc-4526-9bd4-cee2671652e5
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.20. Matters regulated in accordance with the applicable law\n\n\n1. 1.The following shall be regulated in accordance with the applicable law determined in Article 1.19 of this Code:\n\n\n1) the legal nature (legal form and status) of a legal person or other organisation;\n\n\n2) foundation, reorganisation and liquidation of a legal person or any other organisation;\n\n\n3) the name of a legal person or any other organisation;\n\n\n4) the system and remit of the bodies of a legal person or any other organisation;\n\n\n5) civil liability of a legal person or other organisation;\n\n\n6) the power to represent a legal person or other organisation;\n\n\n7) legal effects of the violation of laws or incorporation documents;\n\n\n2. Protection against infringement of the business name of a legal person or any other organisation registered in the Republic of Lithuania shall be governed by the law of the Republic of Lithuania."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.21. Law applicable to the representative offices and branches of foreign legal persons or any other organisations\n\n\n1. Representative offices and branches of foreign legal persons or any other organisations registered in the Republic of Lithuania shall be governed by the law of the Republic of Lithuania.\n\n\n2. At least one of the persons acting on behalf of a representative office or a branch shall be bound to reside in the Republic of Lithuania. This provision shall not apply to representative offices or branches, established in the Republic of Lithuania, of the legal persons or other organisations of the Member States of the European Union and the states of the European Economic Area.\n\n\n3. The rights and obligations (remit) of the persons acting on behalf of a representative office or a branch registered in the Republic of Lithuania shall be determined by the law of the Republic of Lithuania."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: 75f5853c-9993-40f8-b677-a117a8668f49
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.22. Law applicable to representatives of foreign legal persons or any other organisations and to their civil liability\n\n\n1. If the activities of a legal person or any other organisation founded under foreign law are conducted in the Republic of Lithuania, the civil liability of the persons acting on behalf and in the interests of those legal persons or any other organisations shall be governed by the law of the Republic of Lithuania.\n\n\n2. A legal person or any other organisation may not claim for annulment or invalidity of a transaction concluded by its body or any other representatives in excess of their remit (powers) if the law of the state where the domicile or the head office of the other party to the transaction is located does not provide for any restrictions on their representative powers unless the other party was aware or, taking into account its position and the relationship with the other party, ought to have been aware of such restrictions.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.23. Law applicable to the State and state institutions as well as to local governments and local government institutions as subjects to civil legal relationships\n\nCivil capacity of the state and state institutions as well as that of local governments and local government institutions shall be governed by the law of the state concerned.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION FOUR\n\nLAW APPLICABLE TO FAMILY LEGAL RELATIONSHIPS"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "SECTION FOUR\n\nLAW APPLICABLE TO FAMILY LEGAL RELATIONSHIPS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.24. Law applicable to a promise of marriage\n\n\n1. A promise of marriage and its legal effects shall be governed by the law of the state of domicile of the parties to the promise.\n\n\n2. Where the parties to the promise of marriage are domiciled in different states, the promise of marriage and its legal effects shall be governed by the law of the place where the promise was made, or by the law of the state of domicile of one of the parties, or by the law of the state of citizenship of one of the parties, whichever law is most closely related with the dispute."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.25. Law applicable to the conditions to contract a marriage\n\n\n1. Matrimonial capacity and other conditions to contract a marriage shall be governed by the law of the Republic of Lithuania.\n\n\n2. Civil registration offices of the Republic of Lithuania shall have jurisdiction to perform the registration of a marriage if either of the persons intending to marry is domiciled in the Republic of Lithuania or is a Lithuanian citizen at the time of entering into the marriage.\n\n\n3. Matrimonial capacity and other conditions to contract a marriage in respect of foreign citizens and stateless persons who do not have a domicile in the Republic of Lithuania may be determined by the law of the state of domicile of both persons intending to marry if such marriage is recognised in the state of domicile of either of them.\n\n\n4. A marriage contracted lawfully abroad shall be recognised in the Republic of Lithuania, except in the cases where both spouses domiciled in the Republic of Lithuania contracted the marriage abroad with the purpose of evading grounds for the annulment of their marriage under the law of the Republic of Lithuania.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.26. Law applicable to the procedure for contracting a marriage\n\nThe procedure for contracting a marriage shall be determined in accordance with the law of the state where the marriage is contracted. Marriage shall also be recognised valid where the procedure of its contracting is in compliance with the requirements of the law of the state of domicile of either of the spouses or the law of the state of citizenship of either of them at the moment of contracting of the marriage."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.27. Law applicable to personal relations between spouses\n\n\n1. Personal relations between spouses shall be governed by the law of the state of their domicile.\n\n\n2. Personal relations between the spouses domiciled in different states shall be governed by the law of the state of their last common domicile. Where the spouses have never had a common domicile, the law applicable to their personal relations shall be the law of the state to which the personal relations between the spouses are the most closely related. Where it is not possible to determine to the law of which state the personal relations between the spouses are the most closely related, the law of the state where the marriage was contracted shall apply."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.28. Law applicable to matrimonial property relations between spouses\n\n\n1. The matrimonial property legal regime shall be governed by the law of the state of domicile of the spouses. Where the spouses are domiciled in different states, the law of their common state of citizenship shall apply. Where the spouses have never had a common domicile and are citizens of different states, the law of the state where the marriage was contracted shall apply.\n\n\n2. The law applicable to contractual legal regime of matrimonial property shall be determined by the law of the state chosen by the spouses upon agreement. In this event, the spouses may choose the law of the state in which they are both domiciled or will be domiciled in future, or the law of the state in which the marriage was contracted, or the law of the state of which one of the spouses is a citizen. The agreement of the spouses upon the applicable law shall be valid if it is in compliance with the requirements of the law of the chosen state or the law of the state in which the agreement is made.\n\n\n3. The applicable law chosen upon agreement of the spouses may be invoked against third persons only if they knew or ought to have known of that fact, i.e. if the third persons knew or ought to have known the chosen law that governed the matrimonial property regime when the legal relationship commenced."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4. The applicable law chosen upon agreement of the spouses may be used in resolving a dispute related to real rights in immovable property only in the event if the requirements of public registration of this property and of the real rights therein, as determined by the law of the state where the property is located, were complied with.\n\n\n5. Any agreed change of the matrimonial property legal regime shall be governed by the law of the state of domicile of the spouses at the time of the change. Where the spouses were domiciled in different states at the time of the change of the matrimonial property legal regime, the applicable law shall be the law of their last common domicile, or failing that, the law governing matrimonial property relations between the spouses."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.29. Law applicable to legal separation and divorce\n\n\n1. Legal separation and divorce shall be governed by the law of the spouses\u2019 state of domicile\n\n\n2. If the spouses do not have their common domicile, the law of the state of their last common domicile shall apply, or failing that, the law of the state where the case is tried.\n\n\n3. If the law of the state of common citizenship of the spouses does not permit divorce or imposes special conditions for divorce, the divorce may be performed in accordance with the law of the Republic of Lithuania if one of the spouses is also a Lithuanian citizen or is domiciled in the Republic of Lithuania.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.30. Jurisdiction in the cases of annulment of marriage, divorce and legal separation\n\nThe courts of the Republic of Lithuania shall have jurisdiction over actions of annulment of marriage, divorce or legal separation in the cases provided for by the Code of Civil Procedure of the Republic of Lithuania."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.31. Law applicable to the ascertainment of the origin of a child (legitimation)\n\n\n1. The origin of a child (acknowledgement, ascertainment or contest of paternity or maternity) shall be established either in accordance with the law of the state the citizenship of which the child acquired at his birth, or with the law of the state which is recognised as the domicile of the child at the time of his birth, or with the law of the state in which one of the child\u2019s parents is domiciled, or with the law of the state the citizen of which one of the parents was at the time of the child\u2019s birth, whichever is more beneficial to the child.\n\n\n2. The consequences of legitimation shall be governed by the law of the state of domicile of the child.\n\n\n3. If a child or one of his parents is domiciled in the Republic of Lithuania, the matters of legitimation shall be decided by the courts or other state institutions of the Republic of Lithuania.\n\n\n4. The parents\u2019 (the father\u2019s or the mother\u2019s) legal active capacity in acknowledging paternity/maternity shall be governed by the law of the state of his or her domicile at the time of the acknowledgement. The form of the acknowledgement of paternity/maternity shall be governed by the law of the state in which it is made or by the law of the state of the child\u2019s domicile.\n\n\n5. The provisions of this Article shall also apply to the legitimation of a child born out of wedlock."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.32. Law applicable to relationships between the parents and the child\n\n\n1. Personal and property relationships between the parents and the child shall be governed by the law of the state of the child\u2019s domicile.\n\n\n2. If neither parent is domiciled in the state of the child\u2019s domicile, while the child and the parents are citizens of the same state, the law of the state of their common citizenship shall apply."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.33. Law applicable to adoption relationship\n\n\n1. Relationships of adoption shall be governed by the law of the state of the child\u2019s domicile.\n\n\n2. Where it becomes evident that the adoption performed according to the law of the state of the child\u2019s (the adoptee\u2019s) domicile will not be recognised in the state of domicile or citizenship of the adoptive parent(s), the adoption may be performed pursuant to the law of the state of domicile or citizenship of the adopter(s) if this will not prejudice the best interests of the child. If the recognition of adoption remains uncertain, the adoption shall not be allowed.\n\n\n3. Relations between the adopted person (the adoptee) on the one side, and the adopting person(s) (the adopter(s)) and the relatives of the latter on the other side shall be governed by the law of the state of the adopter(s)\u2019 domicile.\n\n\n4. Cases related to adoption shall fall within the jurisdiction of the courts of the Republic of Lithuania if the child (the adoptee) or the adopting person(s) are domiciled in the Republic of Lithuania.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.34. Law applicable to protective measures in relation to minors, their guardianship and curatorship\n\nLaw applicable to the protection of minors, their guardianship and curatorship shall be determined pursuant to the Hague Convention of 5 October 1961 concerning the Powers of Authorities and the Law Applicable in Respect of the Protection of Minors."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.35. Law applicable to guardianship and curatorship of family members who have reached majority\n\n\n1. Guardianship and curatorship of family members who have reached majority shall be governed by the law of the state of such incapable persons\u2019 domicile.\n\n\n2. Cases related to guardianship or curatorship of persons who have reached majority shall fall within the jurisdiction of the courts of the Republic of Lithuania if the incapable person\u2019s domicile or his property is located in the Republic of Lithuania.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.36. Law applicable to maintenance obligations (alimony relationships) within the family\n\nMaintenance obligations (alimony) within the family shall be governed by the Hague Convention of 2 October 1973 on the Law Applicable to Maintenance Obligations.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION FIVE\n\nLAW APPLICABLE TO CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS"}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.37. Law applicable to contractual obligations\n\n\n1. Contractual obligations shall be governed by the law agreed upon by the parties. Such agreement of the parties may be expressed in the form of separate terms of the concluded contract or it may be determined in accordance with the factual circumstances of the case. The law of the state designated by agreement of the contracting parties may be applied to the whole contract or only to a part or parts thereof.\n\n\n2. The initially chosen law applicable to contractual obligations may be changed by agreement of the parties at any time. A change of the applicable law shall have retroactive effect, however, such change may not be invoked against third persons and shall not render the contract void.\n\n\n3. The choice of the law applicable to a contract as made by agreement of the parties may not be the grounds for refusing to apply the mandatory legal rules of the Republic of Lithuania or those of any other state that cannot be changed or waived by agreement of the parties.\n\n\n4. Where no law applicable to a contractual obligation is designated by agreement of the contracting parties, the law of the state with which the contractual obligation is most closely connected shall apply. The contractual obligation shall be presumed to be the most closely connected with the state in the territory of which:\n\n\n1) the party bound to perform the obligation most characteristic to the contract is domiciled or has its central administration. If the obligation is most closely connected with the law of the state where the business of the party to the obligation is located, the law of that state shall apply;"}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2) the immovable property is located, if the subject matter of the contract is the right in the immovable thing or the right to its use;\n\n\n3) a carrier has the principal place of business at the time when the contract for carriage is concluded, if the state of the principal place of business of the carrier is also the same state where the cargo was loaded, or the head office of the sender is located, or the place the cargo was dispatched from.\n\n\n5. Paragraph 4 of this Article shall not apply where it is impossible to determine the place of performance of the obligation most characteristic to the contract and the presumptions established in this paragraph may not be relied upon as it is evident from the circumstances of the case that the contract is most closely connected with another state.\n\n\n6. A contract of insurance shall be governed by the law of the state where the domicile or the place of business of the insurer is located; a contract of insurance in respect of an immovable thing shall be governed by the law of the state in the territory of which the thing is located.\n\n\n7. An arbitration agreement shall be governed by the law applicable to the principal contract, and in the case of invalidity of the principal contract, by the law of the place where the arbitration agreement was concluded. Where it is impossible to identify the place of conclusion, the law of the state in which arbitration is situated shall apply.\n\n\n8. Contracts concluded in a stock exchange or auction shall be governed by the law of the state in which the stock exchange or auction is located."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.38. Law applicable to the form of transaction\n\n\n1. The form of transaction shall be governed by the provisions established in paragraph 1 of Article 1.37 of this Code.\n\n\n2. Where no applicable law is designated by agreement of the parties, the form of transaction shall be governed by the law of the place where the parties entered into that transaction. A contract made by the parties residing in different states shall also be considered valid if its form corresponds to the legal requirements in respect of the form of the relevant transaction established in the national law of at least one of those states.\n\n\n3. The form of transactions regarding an immovable thing or the rights therein shall be governed by the law of the state in which the immovable thing is located.\n\n\n4. The form of consumer contracts shall be governed by the law of the place of the consumer\u2019s domicile."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.39. Particularities of application of foreign law to consumer contracts\n\n\n1. No longer effective from 13 June 2014.\n\n\n2. The right of the contracting parties established in paragraph 1 of Article 1.37 of this Code to make a choice of the law applicable to a contractual obligation shall not result in depriving or restricting the consumer of the right to protect his interests by the remedies determined by the provisions of the law of the state of his domicile where:\n\n\n1) the formation of the contract in the state of his domicile was preceded by a special offer or by advertising in that country;\n\n\n2) the consumer was induced by another contracting party to travel to a foreign state for the purpose of forming the contract;\n\n\n3) the order was received by the other party or his agent from the consumer in the state of the latter\u2019s domicile.\n\n\n3. Where the parties to a consumer contract have not made a choice of the applicable law, the law of the state in which the consumer is domiciled shall apply.\n\n\n4. The provisions of this Article shall not apply to contracts of carriage as well as contracts for the supply of services under which the services are to be supplied to the consumer exclusively in a country other than the Republic of Lithuania."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.40. Laws applicable to the form, period of validity and content of a power of attorney\n\nThe form of a power of attorney shall be governed by the law of the state in the territory of which it is issued. The period of validity of a power of attorney, where it is not indicated in the document itself, the powers (rights and obligations) of the agent, the bilateral liability of the principal and the agent, and their liability in respect of third persons shall be governed by the law of the state in which the agent acts.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.41. Law applicable to deeds of gift\n\n\n1. Deeds of gifts shall be governed by the law of the state of the donor\u2019s domicile or his business activities, except for deeds of gift of an immovable thing, as such contracts shall be governed by the law of the state where that immovable thing is located.\n\n\n2. A deed of gift may not be declared invalid as to its form if the form corresponds to the requirements of the law of the state in which the deed of gift was concluded, or of the law of the state of the donor\u2019s domicile or the place of his business activities."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.42. Law applicable to the assignment of a claim and the assumption of a debt\n\n\n1. Relations connected with the assignment of a claim and the assumption of a debt shall be governed by the law chosen by the parties upon agreement.\n\n\n2. The choice of law made by the parties in the assignment of a claim may not be applied against the debtor without his consent to the application of the chosen law.\n\n\n3. In the event of the parties not having made a choice of the applicable law, relations connected with the assignment of a claim and the assumption of a debt shall be regulated by the law governing the principal obligation, the claim arising from which (the debt) is to be assigned (assumed).\n\n\n4. The form of the assignment of a claim or the assumption of a debt shall be governed by the law applicable to the contract of assignment or assumption.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION SIX\n\nLAW APPLICABLE TO DELICTUAL OBLIGATIONS"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.43. Law applicable to delictual obligations\n\n\n1. Rights and obligations of the parties resulting from tort shall be governed, at the choice of the aggrieved party, either by the law of the state where the tortious act was committed or any other tortious circumstances occurred, or by the law of the state in which the damage occurred.\n\n\n2. Where it is impossible to determine the place where the act was committed or other circumstances occurred, or the state in which the damage occurred, the law of the state most closely connected with the case on reparation for damage shall apply.\n\n\n3. After the incurrence of damage, the parties may agree that the law applicable to the reparation for damage shall be the law of the state where the case concerned is being heard.\n\n\n4. Where both parties are domiciled in the same state, the law of that state shall be applicable to the reparation for damage."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "5. An obligation to make reparation for damage caused by defective products shall be governed by the law of the state where the damage was incurred if the aggrieved person is domiciled in the same state, or it is the place of business of the person liable for the damage, or the products of inferior quality were acquired there by the aggrieved person. If the state of domicile of the aggrieved person coincides with the state of the place of business of the person liable for the damage caused, or with the state in which the defective product was acquired, the law of the state of the aggrieved person\u2019s domicile shall apply. Where it is impossible to determine the applicable law in accordance with the criteria indicated in this paragraph, the law of the state where the business of the person liable for the damage is located shall apply, except in cases when the claim of the plaintiff is based on the law of the state in which the damage was caused.\n\n\n6. The terms of civil liability, its extent, the person liable and the terms of exemption from civil liability shall be governed by the law applicable to the obligations resulting from the delictual obligations."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.44. Law applicable to claims resulting from a traffic accident\n\nClaims resulting from a traffic accident shall be governed by the Hague Convention of 4 May 1971 on the Law Applicable to Traffic Accidents.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.45. Law applicable to claims resulting from infringement of personal non-property rights\n\n\n1. Claims for reparation of damage resulting from infringement of personal non-property rights by acts of the media shall be governed, depending on the choice of the aggrieved person, by the law of the state where the aggrieved person is domiciled, or has his place of business, or where the infringement occurred, or by the law of the state where the person who caused the damage is domiciled or has his place of business.\n\n\n2. A response to the media (denial) shall be governed by the law of the state in which the publication appeared, or the radio or television programme was broadcast.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.46. Law applicable to claims for reparation of damage resulting from an act of unfair competition\n\nClaims for reparation of damage resulting from an act of unfair competition shall be governed by the law of the state in whose market the negative effects of unfair competition occurred. If the act of unfair competition has affected exclusively the interests of an individual person, the applicable law shall be that of the state where the place of business of the aggrieved person is located.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.47. Plurality of debtors\n\nIf damage is caused by several persons, the applicable law shall be determined separately for each of them in accordance with the provisions of Article 1.43 of this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "SECTION SEVEN\n\nLAW APPLICABLE TO REAL RIGHTS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.48. Law applicable to ownership legal relations\n\n\n1. The ownership right and other real rights in an immovable and movable thing shall be governed by the law of the state where the thing was located at the moment of change of its legal status. Acknowledgement of a thing to be movable or immovable shall be governed by the law of the state in which the relevant thing is located.\n\n\n2. Official registration of the ownership right and other real rights shall be governed by the law of the state where the thing is located at the time of its registration.\n\n\n3. The ownership right and other real rights in a thing in transit (cargo) shall be governed by the law of the state of destination of this thing.\n\n\n4. The ownership right to an immovable thing resulting from acquisitive prescription shall be governed by the law of the state where the thing is located.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.49. Right of the parties to choose the law applicable to a movable thing\n\n\n1. The parties may choose upon their agreement the law of the state of dispatch or the state of destination of the thing, or the law regulating the underlying legal transaction as the law applicable to the arisal and termination of the rights to the movable property.\n\n\n2. The choice of the applicable law may not affect the rights of third persons."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.50. Law applicable to encumbrance of the right in a movable thing\n\n\n1. Where a movable thing over which encumbrance of right was validly established abroad is imported into the Republic of Lithuania, that encumbrance shall be acknowledged to be likewise valid in the Republic of Lithuania.\n\n\n2. Retention of title over a movable thing lawfully established abroad shall remain valid after that thing has been transported into the Republic of Lithuania, though such retention may not affect the rights of third persons in good faith.\n\n\n3. Retention of title over an exported movable thing shall be governed by the law of the state of its place of destination.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.51. Law applicable to pledge\n\n\n1. The pledge of rights, securities and claims shall be governed by the law chosen by the parties, though the choice of law may not affect the rights of third persons.\n\n\n2. In the absence of the parties\u2019 choice of law, the pledge of claims and securities shall be governed by the law of the state where the place of domicile or business of the secured creditor is located; the pledge of other rights shall be governed by the law applicable to such rights.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION EIGHT\n\nLAW APPLICABLE TO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS"}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "SECTION EIGHT\n\nLAW APPLICABLE TO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.52. Law applicable to contracts related to intellectual property rights\n\n\n1. In the absence of the parties\u2019 choice of applicable law (Article 1.37 of this Code), contracts related to intellectual property rights shall be governed by the law of the state where the party transferring the intellectual property rights or granting the use thereof has his domicile or the place of business.\n\n\n2. Contracts between an employer and an employee regarding the rights to intellectual property created by the employee in the course of his employment shall be governed by the law applicable to employment contracts.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.53. Intellectual property rights and the law applicable to their protection\n\n\n1. Intellectual property rights and their protection shall be governed by the law of the state where the protection of the intellectual property rights is sought.\n\n\n2. In the event of infringement of intellectual property rights, the parties may agree, after the occurrence of the damage, that the applicable law shall be the law of the state where the court hearing the case concerned is located.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION NINE\n\nLAW APPLICABLE TO OTHER OBLIGATIONS"}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "SECTION NINE\n\nLAW APPLICABLE TO OTHER OBLIGATIONS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.54. Law applicable to obligations arising from the reception of a thing not due or unjust enrichment\n\n\n1. Claims resulting from an obligation performed without any legal grounds for such performance shall be governed by the law of the state pursuant to the laws of which the legal grounds for the obligation are determinable.\n\n\n2. Claims related to the reception of a thing not due resulting from unlawful actions shall be governed by the law of the state where such unlawful actions were performed.\n\n\n3. Where reception of a thing not due or unjust enrichment occurs from the existing legal relationship between the parties, the law determining that legal relationship shall apply.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.55. Law applicable to unilateral transactions\n\nUnilateral transactions shall be governed by the law of the state where they were formed\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.56. Law applicable to securities\n\n\n1. Cheques and bills of exchange shall be governed by the provisions set forth in the Geneva Convention of 19 March 1931 for the Settlement of Certain Conflicts of Laws in connection with Cheques and the Geneva Convention of 7 June 1930 for the Settlement of Certain Conflicts of Laws in connection with Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes.\n\n\n2. Other securities shall be governed by the law of the state where they are issued (drawn)."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.57. Law applicable to the currency in which payments are to be made\n\n\n1. Currency in which payments are to be made shall be determined by the law of the state where the payment must be made unless the parties have chosen upon their agreement the currency in which the payments are to be made.\n\n\n2. In all other cases, currency shall be regulated by the law of the state which issued the currency.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.58. Law applicable to obligations deriving from other grounds\n\nObligations deriving from the handling of affairs of another person, likewise obligations deriving from other grounds not specified in this Chapter, shall be governed by the law of the state where the grounds for the obligation occurred.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.59. Law applicable to prescription\n\nPrescription shall be governed by the law applicable in determining the rights and obligations of the participants in the relevant civil legal relationship.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION TEN\n\nLAW APPLICABLE TO LEGAL RELATIONS OF SUCCESSION\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.60. Capacity to make a will\n\nThe capacity of making, amending or revoking a will shall be governed by the law of the state of the testator\u2019s domicile. Where a person has no domicile or it is impossible to be determined, the capacity of such person to make a will shall be governed by the law of the state where the will is made."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: afc3cba4-8020-4213-81a8-c2b1d0c1f3b4
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.61. Form of a will\n\n\n1. The form of a will, its amendment or revocation shall be governed by the law of the state where these acts are performed.\n\n\n2. A will as well as its amendment or revocation shall also be valid in regard to the form if the form of the indicated acts is in compliance with the requirements of the law of the state of the testator\u2019s domicile, or those of the laws of the state whose citizen the testator was at the time when the relevant acts were performed, or the law of the state of the testator\u2019s residence at the time when those acts were performed or at the time of his death. A will in respect of an immovable thing, as well as any amendment or revocation thereof shall be valid if the form of the acts concerned is in compliance with the requirements of the law of the state where the immovable thing is located."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.62. Law applicable to other legal relations of succession\n\n\n1. Other legal relations of succession, with the exception of those related to inheritance of immovable things, shall be governed by the law of the state of domicile of the testator at the time of his death. Relations of succession in respect of an immovable thing shall be governed by the law of the state where the immovable thing is located.\n\n\n2. Where succession opens upon the death of a citizen of the Republic of Lithuania, irrespective of the law applicable, his heirs residing in the Republic of Lithuania who are entitled to the mandatory share of succession shall inherit this share in accordance with the law of the Republic of Lithuania, except for the immovable things.\n\n\n3. Where, in accordance with the law applicable to relations of succession, property cannot devolve to a foreign state, and where no other heir thereto is known and the property is located in Lithuania, that property shall be devolved to the ownership of the Republic of Lithuania.\n\n \n\n\nPART II\n\nTRANSACTIONS\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER III\n\nCONCEPT AND FORM OF TRANSACTIONS"}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "PART II\n\nTRANSACTIONS\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER III\n\nCONCEPT AND FORM OF TRANSACTIONS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.63. Concept and types of transactions\n\n\n1. Transactions shall be the actions of persons intended to create, modify or abolish civil rights and duties.\n\n\n2. Transactions may be unilateral, bilateral or multilateral.\n\n\n3. A transaction shall be considered to be unilateral where the expression of the will of one party is a necessary and sufficient condition for its conclusion.\n\n\n4. A unilateral transaction shall impose obligations exclusively on the person who concludes it. Obligations on any other persons shall be imposed by a unilateral transaction only in the cases established by laws or by agreement between the persons concerned.\n\n\n5. Legal norms which regulate obligations and contracts shall apply to unilateral transactions to the extent that this does not prejudice laws and the essence of the unilateral transaction.\n\n\n6. A transaction shall be considered to be bilateral where the concerted will of two parties is a necessary condition for its conclusion.\n\n\n7. A transaction shall be considered to be multilateral where the concerted will of three or more parties is a necessary condition for its conclusion."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.64. Form of the expression of will\n\n\n1. The free will of a person who enters into a transaction may be expressed verbally, in writing, by action or in any other manner of expressing will.\n\n\n2. The will of a person may be implied subject to the special circumstances under which the transaction is concluded.\n\n\n3. Silence shall be deemed to be an expression of will exclusively in the cases established by laws or agreed upon by the parties to the transaction."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.65. Expression of will by means of a public notice\n\n\n1. In the cases established by laws or a contract, a person \u2013 the declarant \u2013 shall have the right to express his will by means of a public notice (public authorisation, public annulment of authorisation, etc.) in accordance with the procedure established by this Article.\n\n\n2. A public notice shall be published in a newspaper that is issued in the last known place of residence or business either of the other party to the transaction or that of the declarant of will (if such a newspaper exists), also in one of the national newspapers of the Republic of Lithuania, while in the cases provided for in the contract \u2013 on the website specified by the contract. The court may, if necessary, establish any other procedure for the expression of a person\u2019s will by means of a public notice.\n\n\n3. Expression of will by a public notice shall be presumed to have become known to the other party to the transaction upon the lapse of 14 days from the date of the last public notice. However, this presumption shall not apply if the person who expressed his will by a public notice failed to perform every possible action available to him for the ascertainment of the place of residence or business of the other party to the transaction.\n\n\n4. Expression of will by a public notice shall be made at the expense of the declarant of the will."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.66. Conditional transaction\n\n\n1. A transaction may render the appearance, modification or extinguishment of rights and duties dependent upon the fulfilment or non-fulfilment of certain conditions.\n\n\n2. A transaction shall be deemed to be concluded with a suspensive condition if the arising of rights and duties therefrom is conditioned by the parties upon an uncertain event.\n\n\n3. A transaction shall be deemed to be concluded with a resolutory condition if the extinguishment of rights and duties arising therefrom is conditioned by the parties upon an uncertain event.\n\n\n4. A transaction shall be null and void if the arising, modification or extinguishment of rights and duties is conditioned by the parties upon the fulfilment of an unlawful condition or a condition incompatible with the public order or good morals, or upon the performance of unlawful actions.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.67. Consequences of an unfair hindering or assistance in the appearance of a condition\n\n\n1. Where the appearance of a condition is unfairly hindered by a party to whom the condition is disadvantageous, this condition shall be considered as having existed.\n\n\n2. Where the appearance of a condition is unfairly facilitated by a party to whom the condition is advantageous, this condition shall be considered as not having existed."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.68. Other consequences of a conditional transaction\n\n\n1. If a condition had already been fulfilled at the time when the transaction was concluded, such transaction shall be unconditional in the case of a suspensive condition, and null and void in the case of a resolutory condition.\n\n\n2. If non-fulfilment of the conditions was already certain at the time when the transaction was concluded, such transaction shall be unconditional in the case of a suspensive condition, and null and void in the case of a resolutory condition.\n\n\n3. A transaction subject to a suspensive condition which is objectively impossible shall be null and void; a transaction subject to a resolutory condition which is objectively impossible shall be unconditional.\n\n\n4. A transaction subject to a suspensive condition shall be null and void if the condition is dependent solely upon the will of the debtor."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.69. Place of the conclusion of a transaction\n\n\n1. A unilateral transaction shall be deemed to have been concluded in the place where the will of a party to the transaction is expressed (the place where an authorisation is given or a will (a testament) is made, etc.).\n\n\n2. A bilateral or multilateral transaction shall be deemed to have been concluded in the place of residence or business of the offeror unless otherwise provided by agreement between the parties or by law.\n\n\n3. Where the receipt of the notice of acceptance by the offeror is not a necessary condition for the conclusion of a transaction, such transaction shall be deemed to have been concluded in the place of residence or business of the acceptor, or the place in which the factual actions of the acceptor were performed.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.70. Procedure for the conclusion of transactions\n\n\n1. Natural persons shall conclude transactions themselves or through their agents. It shall not be allowed to conclude a transaction through an agent if, dependent on the nature of the transaction, it may be concluded only by the natural person himself; the same stands for any other transactions determined by laws.\n\n\n2. Transactions on behalf of legal persons shall be concluded by the bodies or agents indicated in their incorporation documents."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.71. Form of transactions\n\n\n1. Transactions shall be made in writing (in the ordinary or notarial form) or their conclusion may be implied by conduct.\n\n\n2. A transaction, in respect of which there is no specific form established by laws, shall be deemed to have been concluded if the person demonstrates by his behaviour the will to form a transaction (a contract formed by conduct).\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.72. Verbal form of transactions\n\n\n1. Where the written form is not required by laws or by agreement of the parties as a necessary condition for the conclusion of a transaction, the transaction may be concluded verbally.\n\n\n2. Transactions resulting from the performance of a written contract may be concluded verbally provided that this is not in conflict with laws or the contract."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.73. Written form of transactions\n\n\n1. The following must be made in the ordinary written form:\n\n\n1) transactions concluded by natural persons where, at the time of their conclusion, the value of the property upon which the transaction is concluded exceeds one thousand five hundred euros, except for such transactions which are performed at the time of their conclusion;\n\n\n2) transactions on the foundation of legal persons, except for transactions on the foundation of partnerships, which shall be made in the notarial form;\n\n\n3) contracts for the sale of goods-by instalments;\n\n\n4) insurance contracts;\n\n\n5) arbitration agreements;\n\n\n6) contracts for the lease of a movable thing for a term of over one year;\n\n\n7) preliminary contracts;\n\n\n8) contracts of life annuity (contracts of rent);\n\n\n9) compromise agreements;\n\n\n10) contracts for the sale of a motor vehicle;\n\n\n11) other transactions for which the mandatory ordinary written form is prescribed by this Code or other laws.\n\n\n2. Written transactions shall be made either by drawing up one document signed by all the parties to the transaction or by the parties exchanging separate documents. Documents signed by the parties and transmitted by means of telecommunications terminal equipment shall be conferred the same power as having been made in the written form, provided that the protection of the text is guaranteed and the signature can be identified."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. The parties may agree to adopt additional requirements for the written form of the transaction (signatures of certain persons, affixation of a stamp on the document, assignment of a special form for the document, etc.) and provide for the legal effects of non-compliance with such requirements. Where the parties fail to comply with the established requirements, the transaction shall not be deemed concluded unless the parties agree otherwise."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.74. Notarised transactions\n\n\n1. The following transactions must be drawn up in the notarial form:\n\n\n1) transactions on the transfer of the real rights in an immovable thing and transactions on the encumbrance of the real rights and of the immovable thing, except for the transactions on the transfer of an immovable thing made in the course of the bankruptcy proceedings unless this Code provides otherwise;\n\n\n2) contracts of marriage (pre-nuptial and post-nuptial);\n\n\n3) contracts for the sale of private limited liability companies, where 25 per cent or more of the shares of a private limited liability company are sold or where the selling price of the shares exceeds EUR 14 500, except for the cases where management of personal securities accounts of the shareholders of the private limited liability company are transferred to the legal person entitled to open and manage personal accounts of financial instruments, or where the shares of a private limited liability company are sold upon conclusion of a privatisation transaction of shares held by the State or municipality by the right of ownership;\n\n\n4) other transactions which are to be notarised in accordance with the mandatory provisions of this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.75. Legal registration of transactions\n\n\n1. The law may establish mandatory legal registration of certain transactions. A transaction shall produce its effects between the parties even if it is not registered in the mandatory order. In such cases, the rights and duties of the parties do not arise from the registration of the transaction, but from the moment established by law or by agreement of the parties, except in cases where it is established by this Code that the rights and duties of the parties arise only from the moment of registration of the transaction concerned. \n\n\n2. The parties to an unregistered transaction may not invoke the fact of transaction against third persons and argue their rights against third persons by relying on other means of proof.\n\n\n3. If the same real rights or the same thing is acquired by several acquirers but only one of them registers that transaction, it shall be considered that the acquirer who has registered the transaction is vested with that thing or with the real rights in that thing. If none of the acquirers registers the transaction, it shall be considered that the acquirer who is the first to form that transaction is vested with the rights indicated above.\n\n\n4. If several persons register their property rights or real rights in the same thing, it shall be considered that the person who is the first to register that transaction is vested with these rights.\n\n\n5. Damage caused to persons by unlawful acts of the officials of state institutions or other organisations effectuating mandatory legal registration of transactions shall be compensated by the State."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.76. Signing of transactions drawn up in writing\n\n\n1. Transactions drawn up in writing must be signed by the contracting parties. Where a natural person, due to his physical defect, illness or any other reason, cannot sign the transaction himself, he may authorise another person to sign it on his behalf. The signature of the latter must be certified by a notary; or the head or a deputy head of the enterprise, institution or organisation where the person concerned is employed or studies; or by the head physician or a deputy head physician of the in-patient medical institution where the person concerned undergoes treatment; or by the commander of the military unit or a deputy commander thereof if the transaction is made by a soldier; or by the master of a ship during the period of a long voyage; in addition, the reason for which the person entering into the transaction is unable to sign it himself must be indicated.\n\n\n2. Where the transaction is made by employing telecommunications terminal equipment, in all cases there must be sufficient data for the verification of the parties to the transaction. Where such data are not available, in the event of a dispute, the parties may not rely upon witness evidence to prove the fact of the conclusion of the transaction.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.77. Conclusion of transactions in the form other than permitted by law\n\n\n1. Transactions which are permitted by laws to be concluded verbally may also be made in the ordinary written or notarial form.\n\n\n2. Transactions for the conclusion of which the ordinary written form is prescribed by law may also be drawn up in the notarial form.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER IV\n\nVOIDABILITY OF TRANSACTIONS"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "CHAPTER IV\n\nVOIDABILITY OF TRANSACTIONS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.78. Null and voidable transactions\n\n\n1. If the nature of nullity is clearly indicated in the law, a transaction shall be presumed to be null, irrespective of the fact of existence of a court judgment upon its annulment. The parties may not ratify a transaction which is null and void.\n\n\n2. Any transaction for the declaration of voidability of which a court judgment is necessary shall be a voidable one.\n\n\n3. A transaction may be deemed to be null and void only on the grounds established by laws.\n\n\n4. An action for the voidability of a voidable transaction may be invoked only by the persons indicated in the laws.\n\n\n5. A claim to apply the legal effects arising from a transaction that is null and void may be invoked by any interested person. The legal effects of a null and void transaction, also the fact of its nullity shall be stated by the court ex officio (on its own motion)."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.79. Ratification of a voidable transaction\n\n\n1. A party possessing the right to invoke voidability of a transaction may ratify it within the time limit established by the other party or the laws. After ratifying the transaction, the party shall forfeit the right to claim voidability of that transaction.\n\n\n2. It shall be presumed that a transaction is ratified by the party if, after it became possible for the party to ratify or dispute it, any of the following have taken place:\n\n\n1) the transaction has been performed in whole or in part;\n\n\n2) a demand has been made against the other party for the performance of the transaction;\n\n\n3) a security for the performance of the obligation subject to ratification has been granted to the other party;\n\n\n4) the rights acquired under that transaction have been transferred to another person in whole or in part."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.80. Nullity of a transaction that is contrary to the requirements of mandatory statutory provisions\n\n\n1. Any transaction that fails to meet the requirements of mandatory statutory provisions shall be null and void.\n\n\n2. When a transaction is null and void, each party shall be bound to restore to the other party everything they have received under that transaction (restitution), and, where it is impossible to restore in kind the received, the parties shall be bound to compensate the received to each other in money unless the laws provide for other consequences of nullity of the transaction.\n\n\n3. The rules of restitution shall be established by Book Six of this Code.\n\n\n4. The property which was the subject of the transaction that has been declared null and void may not be claimed from the third person who has acquired the property in good faith, except in cases provided for in paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of Article 4.96 of this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.81. Nullity of a transaction that is contrary to public order and good morals\n\n\n1. A transaction that is contrary to public order or good morals shall be null and void.\n\n\n2. Where a transaction is null and void on the grounds established in paragraph 1 of this Article, the rules provided for in paragraph 2 of Article 1.80 of this Code shall not apply if both parties knew or ought to have known that the transaction was contrary to public order or good morals.\n\n\n3. Unilateral or bilateral restitution may take place where its application is not contrary to the mandatory statutory provisions or good morals, i.e. where the purpose of the transaction contradicting public order or norms of good morals was not achieved, and the rules of public law do not establish any property sanctions in regard to the parties to such transaction."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.82. Voidability of a transaction contradicting the legal passive capacity of a legal person by whom the transaction was concluded\n\n\n1. Transactions concluded by the management bodies of a private legal person in breach of their remit laid down in the incorporation documents or contradicting the goals of that legal person may be declared void only in the cases where the other party acted in bad faith, i.e. he was aware or ought to have been aware that the transaction was contrary to the goals of the legal person concerned. In such cases, the fact of announcement of the incorporation documents of the legal person concerned shall not be a sufficient proof of the other party\u2019s bad faith, therefore the legal person shall be bound to prove that the other party deliberately acted in bad faith (Article 2.74 and Articles 2.83 to 2.85 of this Code).\n\n\n2. Transactions concluded by public legal persons that are contrary to the goals of their activities may be declared void.\n\n\n3. An action for the declaration of voidness on the grounds established by this Article may be brought by the legal person, the founder(s) or a member(s) thereof. The laws may also specify other persons entitled to bring such an action, or special requirements which have to be met by the persons bringing such an action (e.g., holding of a certain number of shares (deciding votes)).\n\n\n4. Transactions indicated above shall be governed by the rules prescribed in paragraph 2 of Article 1.80 of this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.83. Legal effects of a transaction concluded on behalf of a legal person that is not registered pursuant to the procedure established by laws or has no licence to engage in certain activities\n\n\n1. Where a transaction is concluded on behalf of a legal person that is not registered pursuant to the procedure established by laws, the natural person by whom such a transaction is concluded shall acquire the rights and assume the duties arising from that transaction, providing there are no other grounds for declaring such transaction void.\n\n\n2. Where transactions are concluded on behalf of a legal person prior to its registration, the persons by whom these transactions are concluded shall be jointly and severally liable unless the legal person, after it is registered, assumes the obligations resulting from those transactions (Article 2.61 of this Code)."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.84. Voidability of a transaction concluded by a legally incapable natural person\n\n\n1. A transaction shall be voidable if concluded by a minor under fourteen years of age, except in cases where the minor, within the limits imposed by his age and in accordance with this Code and other laws of the Republic of Lithuania, may enter into transactions independently to satisfy his ordinary and usual needs.\n\n\n2. A transaction shall be voidable if concluded by a natural person who, pursuant to the procedure established by law, has been declared legally incapable in a certain area due to his mental of behavioural disorder in that particular area.\n\n\n3. In the cases established in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article, apart from the consequences provided for in paragraph 2 of Article 1.80 of this Code, the legally capable party shall be obliged to compensate the expenses incurred by the other party, also any damage to the latter\u2019s property or loss thereof if the capable party was aware or ought to have been aware of the incapacity of the other party in that area.\n\n\n4. The voidness of such transaction may be invoked by statutory representatives of the person incapable in a certain area as well as by a public prosecutor. Where a transaction is beneficial to the person incapable in a certain area, it may be ratified by the statutory representative of the latter in accordance with the procedure established by laws."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.85. Invalidation of transactions concluded without assistance by a natural person with limited legal capacity or by a natural person who requires assistance in exercising his decision-making capacity in a certain area\n\n\n1. A transaction concluded without the consent of the curator by a natural person, whose legal capacity is limited in a certain area due to his mental and behavioural disorder, may be declared null and void by a court upon the action of the curator or a public prosecutor.   \n\n\n2. A transaction concluded without assistance by a natural person who requires assistance in exercising his decision-making capacity in a certain area may be declared null and void on the grounds of the invalidity of transactions provided for in this Code upon the action of the person providing assistance or a public prosecutor.\n\n\n3. If a transaction indicated in the preceding paragraph of this Article is declared null and void, the provisions of paragraph 3 of Article 1.84 of this Code shall apply.\n\n\n4. A curator may also ratify the transaction after its conclusion if the transaction is beneficial to the person with limited legal capacity in a certain area.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.86. Nullity of a fictitious transaction\n\n\n1. A transaction made for the sake of appearance without intention to create legal effects shall not produce its effects between the parties and shall be null and void.\n\n\n2. The provisions established in paragraph 2 of Article 1.80 of this Code shall apply to the transactions specified above."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: 6f8dda2f-e771-4bab-87cb-b540b1a019d8
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.87. Nullity of a simulated transaction\n\n\n1. Where a transaction is concluded to cover up another transaction, i.e. where the parties\u2019 intent to conclude a transaction is different from the simulated transaction, the rules applicable to the intended transaction shall apply.\n\n\n2. Where the rights or legitimate interests of third persons are violated by a simulated transaction, the third persons in defence of their rights may plead simulation against the parties of the simulated transaction.\n\n\n3. The fact of a simulated transaction may not be used as a defence by the contracting parties against third persons who in good faith have acquired rights from the simulated transaction.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.88. Declaring voidable a transaction made by a minor aged between fourteen and eighteen years old\n\n\n1. A transaction concluded by a minor aged between fourteen and eighteen years old without the consent of his parents or curators may be declared void in court on the action of such minor\u2019s parents or curators, with the exception of transactions which the minor may conclude independently in accordance with this Code and other laws of the Republic of Lithuania.\n\n\n2. Where the transaction specified in paragraph 1 of this Article is declared void, the provisions established in paragraph 3 of Article 1.84 of this Code shall apply.\n\n\n3. Statutory representatives of a minor can ratify the transaction that was concluded without a proper consent, by giving their consent after the transaction has been concluded, if the transaction is beneficial to the minor concerned."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: d1492ddc-c1ac-43ec-9e05-1c7573b2cb39
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.89. Declaring voidable a transaction concluded by a natural person who was unable to understand the meaning of his own actions\n\n\n1. A transaction concluded by a legally capable natural person may be annulled in court on the action of the natural person concerned if, by reason of his state at the moment of conclusion of the transaction, he was unable to understand the meaning of his acts or to control them.\n\n\n2. Where the transaction specified in paragraph 1 of this Article is declared void, besides the consequences established in paragraph 2 of Article 1.80 of this Code, the following additional consequences shall arise: the other party shall be bound to compensate to the party who, at the moment of the conclusion of the transaction, was unable to understand his own actions or to control them, the expenses incurred, also any damage to his property or loss thereof, if that other party was aware or ought to have been aware of the state of the first contracting party."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.90. Declaring voidable a transaction formed under the influence of a mistake \n\n\n1. A transaction resulting from the consent given by an essential mistake may be declared void in court on the person\u2019s whose consent is vitiated action for its voidness.\n\n\n2. A mistake shall be considered to be an erroneous assumption of the essential facts of the transaction that existed at the moment of the conclusion of the transaction.\n\n\n3. In the event of annulment of a transaction concluded under the influence of an essential mistake, the provisions established in paragraph 2 of Article 1.80 of this Code shall apply.  In addition, the party upon whose action the transaction is declared void shall have the right to claim from the other party compensation for the expenses incurred or the damage to his property or loss thereof if this party proves that the mistake was caused through the other party\u2019s fault. Where this is not proved, the party on whose action the transaction is declared void shall be bound to compensate to the other party the expenses incurred as well as the damage to his property or loss thereof."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4. A mistake shall be essential where it relates to the nature, object or any other essential conditions of the transaction itself, or the civil legal status of the other contracting party or any other circumstances, and where a person of normal diligence and attentiveness would not have concluded a transaction in a similar situation or would have concluded it on essentially different terms if he had known the real state of events. A mistake shall likewise be considered essential where both contracting parties erred, or an error of one party induced the other party to err without the former\u2019s intention to deceive, or if one party was aware or ought to have been aware of the mistake made by the other party and the requirement addressed to the mistaken party to perform the transaction would contradict to the principles of good faith, justice and reasonableness.\n\n\n5. A mistake may not be considered essential if caused by gross negligence of the mistaken party, or induced by the circumstances, the risk of which was taken by the party upon himself or if, taking into account the concrete circumstances, the risk of mistake falls on that party in particular.\n\n\n6. A mistake resulting from the expression or transmission of a party\u2019s will shall be deemed to be a mistake committed by that party himself.\n\n\n7. The mistaken party shall not have the right to claim for the annulment of a contract where his rights and interests may be adequately protected by invoking other remedies."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.91. Voidability of a transaction concluded by a party whose consent was obtained by fraud, extorted by duress, economic pressure or induced by real threatening, likewise of a transaction concluded by the malicious agreement of an agent of one party with the other party, or a transaction entered into because of abusive circumstances \n\n\n1. A transaction may be declared voidable by a court on the action of the aggrieved party if it was concluded by fraud, under duress, economic pressure or real threatening, or if it was concluded by the malicious agreement of the agent of one party with the other party, or if, by entering into the transaction by reason of abusive circumstances, one party assumed obligations under unfair conditions.  \n\n\n2. Where a transaction is declared voidable for any of the reasons specified in paragraph 1 of this Article, the other party shall be bound to restore to the aggrieved party everything he has obtained under that transaction, and, where it is impossible to restore (in kind), to compensate for its value in money In addition, the guilty party shall be bound to compensate to the aggrieved person all the expenses incurred.\n\n\n3. Where a transaction is declared voidable by reason of fraud, violence, economic pressure, real threatening or the malicious agreement made between the agent of one party and the other party, the aggrieved party may, in addition to remedies provided for in the preceding paragraph of this Article, claim non-pecuniary damage caused by the actions indicated."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4. For the purposes of this Article, the term \u2018real threatening\u2019 shall mean unjustifiable or unlawful actions of the other party or a third person directed towards the person, property or reputation of the other contracting party, or that of his parents, children, spouse, grandparents, grandchildren or any other close relatives; the threatening actions must be of such nature as to impress a reasonable person and to cause him fear that the person, property or reputation of the persons concerned may be exposed to damage and there is no other reasonable alternative except to enter into the transaction. Threatening shall also be deemed to be real where one party or a third person threatens to enforce measures of economic pressure against the other contracting party that is economically weaker or is in essence economically dependent in order to compel him to conclude a transaction under exceptionally economically disadvantageous conditions.  In determining the occurrence of real threatening, the court must take into account the age, economic and financial position, and the gender of the party towards whom the threat was directed, the nature of the threat, and any other conditions significant for the case.\n\n\n5. In addition to the forms specified in the preceding paragraph of this Article, fraud may result from the silence of a party, i.e. from concealment of such circumstances being aware of which the other contracting party would not have formed the transaction and which, within the principles of reasonableness, justice and good faith, had to be disclosed to the other party; fraud may also result from active actions aimed at misleading the other contracting party as to the effect of the transaction, essential terms thereof, civil legal capacity of the person who enters into the transaction, and any other essential circumstances."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "6. If a third person, but not the other party to the transaction is guilty of fraud, duress or threatening, the transaction shall be declared voidable only in the cases where that other party was aware or ought to have been aware of those facts.\n\n\n7. The fact of declaring voidable a transaction concluded under the influence of fraud may not be invoked against third persons in good faith, except in cases established by this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.92. Voidability of a transaction concluded by an agent outside the authority conferred on him\n\nA transaction concluded by an agent outside the limitations of the authority conferred on him by laws or a contract may be declared voidable upon the action of the principal unless such transaction is ratified by the principal (Article 2.133 of this Code)."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: 2733081d-2e7e-470b-926f-de24d7c30d54
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.93. Voidability of a transaction resulting from the lack of requisites of its form established by laws\n\n\n1. Failure to conclude a transaction in the form established by law shall render the transaction void only in the case where such consequence is expressly prescribed by law.\n\n\n2. Where any dispute arises upon the fact of conclusion or performance of a transaction which fails to meet the necessary requirements for its ordinary written form, the parties shall lose the right to use testimony of witnesses as evidence to prove the facts indicated above; in the cases expressly prescribed by law, failure to adhere to the ordinary written form obligatory to a concrete kind of transaction shall result in the nullity of such transaction.\n\n\n3. Failure to adhere to the notarial form required by law as a necessary condition of a transaction shall result in the nullity of the transaction.\n\n\n4. Where one party in whole or in part performs his obligations arising from a transaction that must be notarised while the other party avoids the notarisation thereof, the court may, at the request of the party who has performed his obligations, declare such transaction valid. In such event, a subsequent notarisation of the transaction shall not be required.\n\n\n5. Where nullity of a transaction results from the lack of necessary requisites of its form as established by laws, the consequences provided for in paragraph 2 of Article 1.80 of this Code shall arise.\n\n\n6. A court may refrain from applying the provisions established in paragraph 2 of this Article where they contradict the principles of good faith, justice and reasonableness, in particular where:"}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "1) there exists other written evidence, even though indirect, that proves the conclusion of the transaction;\n\n\n2) written evidence to prove the fact of the conclusion of the transaction has been lost not through the fault of the party;\n\n\n3) taking into consideration the circumstances in which the transaction was concluded, it was objectively impossible to conclude that transaction in writing;\n\n\n4) taking into consideration the interrelations between the parties, the nature of the transaction, and other circumstances of importance to the proceedings, prohibition to invoke testimonies of witnesses would contradict the principles of good faith, justice and reasonableness."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.94. Legal effects of failure to adhere to the requirement to perform legal registration of a transaction\n\nFailure to adhere to the requirement established by laws to perform legal registration of a transaction shall not result in the nullity of the transaction, except in the cases prescribed by this Code.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.95. Moment from which the effect of annulment arises\n\n\n1. A transaction which has been annulled shall be deemed to be null and void ab initio (from the moment of its conclusion).\n\n\n2. Where, based on the content of a transaction, it is impossible to declare such transaction void ab initio, it may be declared void only for the future, i.e. from the time when the judgment becomes final.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.96. Consequences of partial nullity of a transaction\n\nPartial nullity of a transaction shall not import the nullity of the entire transaction where it can be supposed that the contracting parties would have entered into that transaction even without the part affected by nullity having been included.\n\n \n\n\nPART III\n\nOBJECTS OF CIVIL RIGHTS\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER V\n\nCONCEPT AND KINDS OF OBJECTS OF CIVIL RIGHTS"}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "CHAPTER V\n\nCONCEPT AND KINDS OF OBJECTS OF CIVIL RIGHTS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.97. Kinds of objects of civil rights\n\n\n1. Objects of civil rights shall be things, money and securities, other property and property rights, results of intellectual activities, information, actions and results thereof, as well as any other material and non-material values.\n\n\n2. Things and property the turnover of which is restricted may be considered to be objects of civil rights only in the cases established by laws. Things which are withdrawn from civil use or the turnover of which is restricted must be expressly prescribed by laws. Otherwise, the civil turnover of things or property shall not be considered restricted.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.98. Things as object of civil rights\n\n\n1. Things as object of civil rights shall be divided into movables and immovables.\n\n\n2. Land and other things which are connected with land and which cannot be moved from one place to another without a change of their purpose and essential reduction of their value shall be immovables (buildings, equipment, perennial plants and other things which, according to their purpose and nature, are deemed to be immovable).\n\n\n3. Ships and aircraft, the mandatory legal registration for which is established by laws, shall also be considered to be immovables. Any other property may also be attributed to immovables by laws.\n\n\n4. Things which can be moved from one place to another without a change of their purpose and essential reduction of their value shall be considered to be movables unless otherwise provided for by laws."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
id: d92ff9c4-3242-492e-aa69-5b172d1a6d53
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.99. Kinds of things as objects of civil rights\n\n\n1. Things as objects of civil rights shall be divided into things determined by their individual features and things determined by their specific properties.\n\n\n2. Things shall also be categorised as divisible and indivisible, consumable and durable, principals and accessories.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.100. Money\n\nMoney, as an object of civil rights, shall be banknotes issued by the Bank of Lithuania, coins and means in accounts, also banknotes issued by other states, treasury notes, as well as coins and means in accounts, serving as lawful means of settlement."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.101. Securities\n\nA security, as an object of civil rights, shall be a document certifying the obligation of its issuer to the holder of this document. A security may confirm the right of the person in possession of the document (holder) to receive from the issuer interest, dividends, part of the assets of an enterprise in liquidation, or the funds lent to the issuer (shares, bonds, etc.); the right or obligation to acquire or alienate other securities, whether for payment or gratuitously, (subscription rights, futures, options, convertible bonds, etc.); the right to some income or payment obligation subsequent to a change of prices on the security market (index, etc.). A security shall also be a document by which a direct order is issued to a bank to pay a certain sum of money (cheques) or which certifies an obligation to pay a certain sum of money to the person whose name is indicated in the document (bill of exchange); or which proves the right of ownership to merchandise (mercantile securities); likewise a document which certifies the right or an obligation to acquire or alienate mercantile securities (derivative mercantile securities). Uncertificated securities shall be issued in the cases established by laws and indicated (consolidated) in a special security register."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. The laws may also provide for other types of securities. For the purposes of protecting the rights of investors, as well as for supervising and regulating the capital market, the laws may provide for a different definition of securities (investment) to be employed in the laws which regulate these relationships. Unless provided otherwise, the provisions of this Code and the definition of securities shall apply to investment (investment securities) if the documents certifying the investment possess the features specified in paragraphs 1 and 3 of this Article.\n\n\n3. The right certified by a security may be alienated to another person only where the security itself is alienated unless otherwise provided for by laws. Securities may be alienated in accordance with the laws, the ordinary practice or by custom freely and unrestrictedly. Securities shall be alienated by transfer, though it ought to be certified by means of making an inscription of transfer of the security \u2013 an endorsement.\n\n\n4. Securities may be underlying or derivative. Underlying securities shall confirm their holders\u2019 rights and duties specified in paragraph 1 of this Article, with the exception of the right or duty to acquire or alienate, for payment or gratuitously, other securities, as well as the right to receive certain income or the duty to pay a certain sum of money subsequent to a change of prices on the security market. The securities which certify these exclusive rights or duties shall be called derivative securities.\n\n\n5. Securities shall be divided into registered, bearer or order securities. They shall also be divided into monetary, equity and mercantile securities.\n\n\n6. A monetary security shall grant the right to receive a certain sum of money indicated therein (cheque, bill of exchange, bond)."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "6. A monetary security shall grant the right to receive a certain sum of money indicated therein (cheque, bill of exchange, bond).\n\n\n7. An equity security shall grant the right to participate in the management of an enterprise, confirm the holding of the enterprise\u2019s capital and entitle to receive a part of its profits (shares and certificates of shares, etc.), except in the cases provided for by laws.\n\n\n8. A mercantile security shall grant the right of ownership to merchandise, also the right to receive merchandise (bill of lading, way-bill, etc.).\n\n\n9. Securities must contain the requisites provided for by laws. The absence of obligatory requisites of a security shall render it null, except in the cases established by laws.\n\n\n10. Upon the issuance of uncertificated securities, where the laws do not provide otherwise, it shall be considered pursuant to this Code that the holder of the securities has entrusted the person keeping the accounts with the safekeeping of the securities under the custody contract. The rights, obligations and liability of the keeper shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of Book Six of this Code applicable to the custody contract. Where accounts are kept by several persons on different levels, it shall be considered that the person who keeps the accounts of the holder of the security has transferred the safekeeping of the securities concerned to another person under the deposit contract. Such securities shall be alienated by the relevant entries in the securities accounts."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.102. Share\n\n\n1. A share shall be a security certifying the right of its holder (shareholder) to participate in the management of an enterprise and, where the laws do not provide otherwise, to receive a part of the enterprise profits in the form of dividend and a part of the remaining property of the enterprise in case of its liquidation, as well as certifying other rights established by laws.\n\n\n2. Shares may be of the following classes: registered or bearer, ordinary or preference, certificated or uncertificated.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.103. Bond\n\nA bond shall be a security certifying the right of its holder to receive from the person who issues the bond the nominal value of the bond, annual interest or any other equivalent, or other property rights within the time limits prescribed in it.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.104. Cheque\n\nA cheque, as a security, shall be an unconditional order drawn up in a certain manner that is addressed by the drawer to a bank to pay a certain sum in money to the holder of the cheque."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.105. Bill of exchange\n\n\n1. A bill of exchange, as a security, shall be an unconditional order in writing addressed by one drawer to another by which the first person pledges himself or entrusts another person to pay directly or indirectly a certain sum of money to the person whose name is endorsed therein.\n\n\n2. A bill of exchange may be an order bill (draft bill) or a single bill (sole bill).\n\n\n3. By using an order bill (draft bill) its drawer shall entrust another person to pay to the person whose name is endorsed in the bill the sum indicated therein.\n\n\n4. By using a single bill (sole bill) its drawer shall pledge himself to pay the sum indicated therein.\n\n\n5. A bill of exchange in an amount exceeding three thousand euros must be drawn up in the notarial form where a drawer of the bill of exchange is a natural person or an economic entity, the financial accounts of which are subject to the simplified accounting rules.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.106. Bill of lading\n\n\n1. A bill of lading, as a security, shall be a document certifying the fact of conclusion of a contract and its holder\u2019s right to receive from the carrier the goods specified therein (cargo) and the right to dispose of the goods (cargo) received.\n\n\n2. A bill of lading may be bearer, order or straight. If a bill of lading is drawn up in several copies, after the shipment is delivered under any of the copies of the bill of lading presented first, the other copies thereof shall lose their legal power."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.107. Certificates of deposit\n\n\n1. A certificate of deposit shall be a written bank document containing a statement on the deposit of funds and granting the depositor the right to receive the deposit and interest upon maturity.\n\n\n2. A certificate of deposit may be registered, transferable or non-transferable.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.108. State debt obligation\n\nA state debt obligation shall be a security payable to the bearer which certifies that its holder has lent a certain sum in money to the State and grants its holder the right to receive the sum indicated therein and interest established thereby during the holding period of this security.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.109. Land plot and other resources\n\nA land plot identified and registered in accordance with the procedure established by laws, also the defined areas of subsoil, waters and forests, as well as objects of flora and fauna, may be objects of civil rights.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.110. Enterprises and other property complexes\n\n\n1. An enterprise, as a complex of assets, property and non-property rights belonging to the person who is engaged in business (seeking profit), as well as debts and other duties thereof, may be the object of civil rights. An enterprise shall be considered to be an immovable thing.\n\n\n2. A property complex, as the object of civil rights, shall be the totality of things joined by a common economic purpose."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.111. Results of intellectual activities\n\nWorks of science, literature and art, patents, trademarks, design and other results of intellectual activities expressed in any objective form shall be deemed to be objects of civil rights. Patents, trademarks, design and other results of intellectual activities shall become objects of civil rights from the moment of their recognition as such made in accordance with the procedure established by laws.\n\n \n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.112. Property rights\n\n\n1. Real rights, rights arising from obligations, also rights arising from the results of intellectual activities shall be objects of civil rights.\n\n\n2. Property rights may be transferred and inherited.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.113. Actions and their results\n\nVarious actions and their results (transportation of goods, repairs of things, services, etc.) shall be objects of civil rights.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.114. Personal non-property rights and values\n\n\n1. Personal non-property rights and values, i.e. the name, life, health, inviolability of body, honour, dignity, the private life of an individual, the author\u2019s name, professional reputation, business name, trade marks of goods/services and other values with which the arising of certain legal effects is linked by laws shall be objects protected by the civil law.\n\n\n2. Personal non-property rights may be transferred or inherited only in the cases established by laws or where this does not contradict the nature of these values and principles of good morals or is not restricted by laws."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.115. Personal non-property rights\n\n\n1. Objects protected by the civil law shall be personal non-property rights, i.e. the rights that have no economic content and are inseparably related with their holder.\n\n\n2. Personal non-property rights may be related with property rights, or they may not be related with the aforesaid rights."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.116. Commercial and professional secret\n\n\n1. A commercial secret shall mean information that has all the following characteristics:\n\n\n1) it is secret, that is, information as a whole or the precise composition and configuration of its components is not generally known or easily obtainable in an environment where such information is normally handled;\n\n\n2) it has real or potential commercial value due to its secret nature;\n\n\n3) it is subject to reasonable steps under the circumstances, by the person lawfully in control of this information, to keep it secret.\n\n\n2. The following shall not be considered to constitute a commercial secret:\n\n\n1) information which is confidential but which does not have the characteristics of a commercial secret;\n\n\n2) information which is indicated as confidential by its holder but which is obvious (widely known), publicly available or easily obtainable in an environment where such information is normally handled;\n\n\n3) information which, under normal working circumstances, becomes part of experience, skills, competences or knowledge acquired by employees in good faith;\n\n\n4) information about the prices of services and goods as well as operating costs of entities providing services of public interest;\n\n\n5) other information established by laws.\n\n\n3. Protection of commercial secrets against unlawful acquisition, use and disclosure shall be established by law."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. Protection of commercial secrets against unlawful acquisition, use and disclosure shall be established by law.\n\n\n4. Information shall be considered to be a professional secret if, according to laws or under an agreement, it must be safeguarded by persons of certain professions (lawyers, doctors, auditors, etc.). This information is received by the indicated persons in performance of their duties provided for by laws or contracts. The cases, where the information received in exercise of professional rights and in performance of professional duties are not considered professional secret, shall be established by laws.  Damage resulting from unlawful disclosure of a professional secret shall be compensated on general grounds established by this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "PART IV\n\nTIME LIMITS\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER VI\n\nGENERAL PROVISIONS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.117. Definition of a time limit\n\n\n1. A time limit shall mean a period of time determined by laws or a transaction or established by a judicial authority and fixed by a calendar date or by the termination of a period expressed in years, months, weeks, days or hours.\n\n\n2. A time limit may also be defined by indicating an event that must inevitably occur.\n\n\n3. Time limits may be restoratory, acquisitionary or resolutory.\n\n\n4. A restoratory time limit shall mean a period which may be restored by the court after its expiration, providing it was exceeded due to substantial reasons.\n\n\n5. An acquisitionary time limit shall mean a period after the expiration of which a certain civil right or duty is acquired.\n\n\n6. A resolutory time limit shall mean a period after the expiration of which a certain civil right or duty expires. The resolutory time limits may not be restored by a court or arbitration.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.118. Commencement of a time limit\n\n\n1. A time limit shall start at the beginning of the first hour of the day following the calendar date or an event defining the beginning of the time limit unless the laws provide otherwise.\n\n\n2. A time limit that is expressed in hours shall begin from the moment defined by the party or both parties or by law."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.119. Expiration of a time limit expressed in years and months\n\n\n1. A time limit expressed in years shall expire on the last hour of the corresponding day and month of the last year of the time limit.\n\n\n2. A time limit expressed in months shall expire on the last hour of the corresponding day of the last month of the time limit.\n\n\n3. Where in the time limit expressed in years or months there is no corresponding day in the last month, the time limit shall expire day on the last day of that month.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.120. Expiration of a time limit expressed in weeks\n\nA time limit expressed in weeks shall expire on the last hour of the corresponding day of the last week of the time limit.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.121. Inclusion of official holidays and non-working days\n\n\n1. Official holidays and non-working days (Saturdays and Sundays) shall be included when calculating a time limit.\n\n\n2. Where the last day of the time limit falls on a non-working day or an official holiday, the next working day thereafter shall be considered as the last day of the time limit."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.122. Performance of actions on the last day of the time limit\n\n\n1. An action for the performance of which a time limit is set must be performed before the expiry of the last hour of the last day of the time limit. However, where an action is to be performed in an organisation, the time limit shall expire by the end of the office hours set by the organisation in question.\n\n\n2. Any written applications and notifications delivered to the post, or transmitted by means of communication before the expiry of the last hour of the last day of the time limit shall be considered to have been performed on time.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.123. Legal significance of a time limit\n\n\n1. Where the emergence of a duty is dependent on the expiration of a certain time limit, the performance of the duty may not be demanded before the expiry of that time limit.\n\n\n2. Where certain legal effects of a transaction are dependent on the expiration of a time limit, the transaction or obligation shall terminate with the expiry of the time limit.\n\n\n3. It shall be presumed that a time limit takes effect in favour of a debtor except in the cases where:\n\n\n1) bankruptcy proceedings are initiated against the debtor;\n\n\n2) the debtor destroys the security for the performance of an obligation;\n\n\n3) the debtor fails to provide the security for the performance of an obligation he was bound to provide.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER VII\n\nPRESCRIPTION\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.124. Concept of prescription\n\nPrescription shall be a time period established by laws during which a person can defend his violated rights by bringing an action."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.125. Time limits of prescription\n\n\n1. General prescription shall comprise a period of ten years.\n\n\n2. In respect of concrete kinds of claims, abridged prescription shall be established by this Code and other laws of the Republic of Lithuania.\n\n\n3. Abridged one-month prescription shall apply to claims arising from the results of tender.\n\n\n4. Abridged three-month prescription shall apply in respect of claims for declaring voidable the decisions of the bodies of a legal person.\n\n\n5. Abridged six-month prescription shall apply in respect of actions for recovery of default penalties (fines, late payment interest).\n\n\n6. Abridged six-month prescription shall apply in respect of claims arising from the relationships between communication enterprises and their clients regarding consignments sent within the territory of Lithuania, and one-year prescription shall apply where consignments were sent abroad.\n\n\n7. Abridged one-year prescription shall apply in respect of claims arising from the legal relationships of insurance.\n\n\n8. Abridged two-year prescription shall apply in respect of claims arising from defects in/inadequate quality of goods, services or digital content.\n\n\n9. Abridged three-year prescription shall apply in respect of claims for compensation of damage, including claims for compensation of damage caused by products of inadequate quality.\n\n\n10. Abridged five-year prescription shall apply in respect of claims for  recovery of interest and other periodical payments.\n\n\n11. The abridged prescription established in Book Six of this Code shall apply in respect of claims arising from defects in the work performed."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "11. The abridged prescription established in Book Six of this Code shall apply in respect of claims arising from defects in the work performed.\n\n\n12. Claims arising from contracts for the transportation of goods, passengers or baggage shall be subject to prescription established in the codes/laws regulating individual modes of transport.\n\n\n13. Any agreement of the parties with an intention to modify the time limits of prescription and calculation thereof shall be prohibited."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.126. Application of prescription\n\n\n1. A claim to protect a violated right shall be accepted by the court irrespective of the expiry of prescription.\n\n\n2. The expiration of prescription shall be effected by the court exclusively if invoked by a party to the dispute.\n\n\n3. Prescription may not be renounced in advance.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.127. Commencement of prescription\n\n\n1. Prescription shall commence from the day on which the right to bring an action arises. The right to bring an action shall arise from the day on which a person became aware or ought to have become aware of the violation of his right. Exceptions to this rule shall be established by this Code and other laws of the Republic of Lithuania.\n\n\n2. Where a time limit for the performance of an obligation is established, prescription of a claim arising from such obligation shall commence upon the expiry of the time limit allocated for the performance of that obligation.\n\n\n3. Where a time limit for the performance of an obligation is not established, prescription shall run from the moment when a claim to perform the obligation is brought.\n\n\n4. Prescription of claims arising from regressive obligations shall run from the moment when the principal obligation is performed.\n\n\n5. In the event of continuous infringement, i.e. it happens every day (a person fails to perform the actions he is bound to perform, or performs the actions he has no right to perform, or fails to discontinue any other violation), prescription for actions concerning acts or omissions that occurred on a concrete day shall run from that every day."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.128. Prescription of claims arising from an obligation upon subrogation\n\nSubstitution of persons in an obligation shall not affect the time limit of prescription and the procedure of its calculation unless otherwise provided for by law."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.129. Suspension of prescription\n\n\n1. The running of prescription shall be suspended where:\n\n\n1) an extraordinary event that cannot be prevented under the circumstances (force majeure) hinders bringing of an action;\n\n\n2) the Government imposes a postponement of the performance of obligations (moratorium);\n\n\n3) the plaintiff or defendant serves in a unit of the armed forces of the Republic of Lithuania in which martial law is declared;\n\n\n4) no guardian or curator is appointed to a person legally incapable in a certain area or to a person whose legal capacity is limited in a certain area;\n\n\n5) the parties to an obligation are spouses;\n\n\n6) the parties to an obligation are a guardian and the person under guardianship, or a curator and the person under curatorship;\n\n\n7) the parties to an obligation are parents and their minor children;\n\n\n8) the effect of the law or any other legal act regulating relationships of the dispute is suspended.\n\n\n2. The run of prescription shall be suspended only where the circumstances indicated in paragraph 1 of this Article occurred or continued to exist during the last six months of the prescription; where the time limit of prescription is shorter than six months, the run of prescription shall be suspended if the circumstances indicated in paragraph 1 of this Article occurred or continued to exist during the whole period of the time limit of the prescription."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. Suspended prescription shall resume its run from the day when the circumstance which gave rise to such suspension ceases to exist. In that event, the remaining part of the time limit shall be extended to six months; where the time limit of prescription is shorter than six months, it shall be extended to the full time limit of the prescription."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.130. Interruption of prescription\n\n\n1. Prescription shall be interrupted by bringing an action in accordance with the procedure established by laws.\n\n\n2. Prescription shall also be interrupted by actions of a debtor by which the debtor acknowledges his obligation to the creditor.\n\n\n3. An interrupted time limit of prescription shall be resumed from the moment when the circumstance which gave rise to such interruption ceases to exist. An interruption of prescription resulting from bringing an action shall be resumed from the date of entry into force of the court judgment, provided that an identical claim may be forwarded from the disputed legal relationship. The period preceding the interruption of prescription shall not be included in the duration of the new time limit of prescription.\n\n\n4. No interruption in the time limit of prescription shall occur where the action is discontinued by the court due to the fault of the plaintiff. Refusal to accept the action or its withdrawal by the plaintiff shall likewise have no effect of interrupting prescription.\n\n\n5. If an action brought in criminal proceedings is discontinued, prescription that commenced before this action was brought shall continue its run from the date of entry into force of the judgment by which the action was discontinued."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.131. Legal effects of the expiration of a time limit of prescription\n\n\n1. The expiration of a time limit of prescription prior to the date of bringing an action shall serve as valid grounds for dismissal of the action.\n\n\n2. Where the court acknowledges the time limit of prescription as expired due to important reasons, the violated right must be protected and the expired time limit of prescription restored.\n\n\n3. Issues of the ownership of property for revindication of which prescription has expired shall be regulated by the provisions of Book Four of this Code.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.132. Suspension, interruption and restoration of abridged prescription\n\nThe provisions regulating the suspension, interruption and restoration of prescription (Articles 1.129 to 1.131 of this Code) shall likewise apply in respect of abridged prescription, except in cases where laws provide otherwise.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.133. Consequences arising when a debtor performs an obligation after the expiration of a time limit of prescription\n\nWhere a debtor performs his obligation after the expiration of the time limit of prescription, he shall have no right to claim restitution even if at the time of performance of his obligation he did not know that the time limit of prescription had expired."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.134. Claims not subject to prescription\n\nThe following claims shall not be subject to prescription:\n\n\n1) claims arising from the violation of personal non-property rights, except in cases established by laws;\n\n\n2) claims of depositors for repayment of deposits placed with a bank or any other credit institution;\n\n\n3) claims for compensation for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage resulting from the crimes specified in paragraph 8 of Article 95 of the Criminal Code;\n\n\n4) other claims in cases established by other laws.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.135. Application of prescription with respect to accessory claims\n\nThe prescription period with respect to accessory claims (penalty, pledge, suretyship, etc.) shall expire upon the expiration of the prescription with respect to the principal claim, even though the prescription period of the former was not due to expire.\n\n \n\n\nPART V\n\nEXERCISE AND PROTECTION OF CIVIL RIGHTS\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER VIII\n\nPRINCIPLES OF EXERCISE OF CIVIL RIGHTS AND WAYS OF THEIR PROTECTION"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "CHAPTER VIII\n\nPRINCIPLES OF EXERCISE OF CIVIL RIGHTS AND WAYS OF THEIR PROTECTION\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.136. Grounds giving rise to civil rights and duties\n\n\n1. Civil rights and duties shall arise on the grounds established by this Code and other laws, also from actions performed by natural persons and organisations which, although not provided for by laws, create civil rights and duties within the general principles and meaning of civil laws.\n\n\n2. Pursuant to paragraph 1 of this Article, civil rights and duties shall arise:\n\n\n1) from contracts and other transactions provided for by this Code and other laws, as well as from transactions which are not provided for by laws but do not conflict with these laws;\n\n\n2) from court judgments;\n\n\n3) from administrative acts that cause civil legal effects;\n\n\n4) from the results of intellectual activities;\n\n\n5) on the grounds of damage, as well as on the grounds of the reception of property not due or of unjust enrichment;\n\n\n6) on the grounds of events or actions (acts or omissions) to which the arising of civil legal effects is linked by laws."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.137. Exercise of civil rights and discharge of civil duties\n\n\n1. Persons shall freely enjoy civil rights at their own discretion, including the right of defence.\n\n\n2. In exercising their rights and discharging their duties, persons must obey the law, respect the rules of collective life and the principles of good morals, and act in good faith and in accordance with the principles of reasonableness and justice.\n\n\n3. A person shall be forbidden from abusing his rights, i.e. there being no legal ground, no civil rights may be exercised in a manner or by means intended to violate other persons\u2019 rights and interests protected by laws; or to restrict other persons in their rights and interests protected by laws; or with the intent of doing damage to other persons; or where this would be contrary to the purpose of a subjective right. Abuse of rights that causes damage to other persons shall be the grounds for imposing civil liability. A court may refuse to protect the subjective right which the person abuses.\n\n\n4. Civil rights may not be exercised in bad faith and with the intent of unlawfully restricting competition or in abuse of a dominant market position.\n\n\n5. Civil rights shall be protected by laws, except in cases where the exercise of these rights is inconsistent with their purpose, public order, good usages (bonos mores) or the principles of public morals.\n\n\n6. A renouncement of exercise of a subjective civil right shall not abolish the subjective civil right, except in cases established by laws."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 1.138. Protection of civil rights\n\nCivil rights shall be protected by the court, acting within its remit and according to the procedure established by laws. The ways of protecting civil rights shall be the following:\n\n\n1) acknowledgement of rights;\n\n\n2) restoration of the situation that existed before the right was violated;\n\n\n3) prevention of unlawful actions or prohibition to perform actions that pose a reasonable threat of the occurrence of damage (preventive action);\n\n\n4) a judgment to perform an obligation in kind;\n\n\n5) interruption or modification of a legal relationship;\n\n\n6) recovery of pecuniary or non-pecuniary damage from the person who infringes the law and, in cases established by the law or contract, recovery of penalties (fine, default interest);\n\n\n7) declaration as voidable of unlawful acts of state or municipal institutions or the officials thereof in the cases established in paragraph 4 of Article 1.3 of this Code;\n\n\n8) other ways provided for by laws.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 1.139. Self-defence\n\n\n1. Self-defence may be exercised for the purposes of protecting one\u2019s civil rights only in cases established by this Code.\n\n\n2. Methods and means of self-defence must correspond to the nature of the unlawful act and cannot, on a case-by-case basis, exceed the limits of self-defence.\n\n\n3. In exercising self-defence, the rights and freedoms of individuals must be respected, and legal requirements must be observed.\n\n\n \n\n\nBOOK TWO\n\nPERSONS"}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "BOOK TWO\n\nPERSONS\n\n \n\n\nPART I\n\nNATURAL PERSONS\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER I\n\nPASSIVE AND ACTIVE CIVIL CAPACITY OF NATURAL PERSONS\n\n \n\n\nSECTION ONE\n\nPASSIVE CAPACITY\n\n \n\n\nArticle 2.1. Concept of passive civil capacity of natural persons\n\nEvery natural person shall fully enjoy his civil rights and obligations (passive civil capacity).\n\n \n\n\nArticle 2.2. Beginning and end of passive civil capacity of natural persons\n\n\n1. Passive civil capacity of a natural person shall begin at the moment of his birth and shall end at the moment of his death.\n\n\n2. The beginning of rights prescribed by law to a conceived but yet unborn child shall depend on the act of its birth.\n\n\n3. Where it is impossible to establish whether a child was born alive or dead, it shall be presumed that it was born alive.\n\n\n4. Where certain ensuing legal consequences depend on the fact which of natural persons died at an earlier date and where it is impossible to establish the moment of death of each of them, it shall be presumed that the said natural persons died at the same time."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.3. Moment of birth and death of natural persons\n\n\n1. The first independent breath shall be considered to be the moment of birth of a natural person.\n\n\n2. Irreversible cessation of blood circulation and breathing or complete and irreversible cessation of all functions of the brain shall be considered to be the moment of death of a natural person.\n\n\n3. Criteria for declaring the moment of birth or death shall be prescribed by law.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 2.4. Content of passive civil capacity of natural persons\n\n\n1. According to law, natural persons shall be entitled to property as the object of private ownership and shall enjoy the right to engage in economic and commercial activities, establish enterprises or other legal entities, inherit property and bequeath it, choose a sphere of activities and a place of residence, to have copyright of an invention or an industrial sample as well as other property and individual non-property rights, which are protected by the civil law.\n\n\n2. Natural persons who, in accordance with the procedure established by  laws, are engaged in economic and commercial activities shall be considered to be traders.\n\n\n3. Every person engaged in business or profession must administer his property and everything related to his business or profession as well as retain documents and other information about his property, business or profession in the manner which would enable every person having a legal interest to receive, at any time, comprehensive information about the property rights and obligations of the person in question.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION TWO\n\nACTIVE CAPACITY"}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "SECTION TWO\n\nACTIVE CAPACITY\n\n \n\n\nArticle 2.5. Active civil capacity of natural persons\n\n\n1. On attaining majority, i.e. when a natural person reaches the age of eighteen, he, by his acts, shall have full exercise of all his civil rights and shall assume civil obligations.\n\n\n2. Where the law provides for the possibility of a natural person to enter into marriage before he is eighteen, the person who has not yet reached the given age shall acquire full active civil capacity from the moment of entering into marriage. Where, at a later date, this marriage is dissolved or annulled for reasons not related to the age of the parties to marriage, a minor shall not lose his full active civil capacity.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 2.6. Prohibition to impose restrictions on passive or active civil capacity of natural persons on the grounds not prescribed by law\n\n\n1. Restrictions on passive or active civil capacity may not be imposed on anyone in any other manner except by express provision of law.\n\n\n2. Transactions and acts of state or municipal institutions or officials, which impose restrictions on passive or active civil capacity, shall be deemed to be null and void, except in cases where the said transactions and acts are permitted by law."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.7. Active civil capacity of minors under fourteen years of age\n\n\n1. Transactions on behalf and in the name of minors under fourteen years of age shall be concluded by their parents or guardians.\n\n\n2. Upon entering into transactions and conducting them, parents or guardians must act solely in the interests of the minor. The rights and obligations of parents and guardians in administering the property of minors shall be laid down in the provisions of Book Three of this Code.\n\n\n3. Minors under fourteen years of age shall have the right to independently enter into transactions to meet their ordinary and usual needs, conclude transactions aimed at gratuitous personal gain, as well as transactions related to the use of their own earnings or funds provided by their legal representatives or other persons where the said transactions are not subject to a prescribed notarial or any other specific form.  \n\n\n4. Liability of legal representatives for contractual obligations of minors, who are under fourteen years of age, shall be prescribed by law if they fail to prove that the said obligations were breached through no fault of their own.\n\n\n5. Where a transaction concluded by a minor under fourteen years of age is not declared null and void and where the said person becomes legally capable, the other party to the transaction may apply in writing to the party to the transaction who has become legally capable and request to approve the transaction within the set time limit, which may not be shorter than one month. Where the person fails to notify about his refusal to approve the transaction within the set time limit, he shall be deemed to have approved the transaction."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.8. Active civil capacity of minors over fourteen and under eighteen years of age \n\n\n1. Minors over fourteen and under eighteen years of age shall enter into transactions upon the consent of parents or curators. The form of consent must correspond to the form of the transaction concluded. Transactions concluded without the consent of legal representatives shall be deemed valid where the consent of the legal representative is given after the transaction has been concluded.\n\n\n2. Apart from the rights laid down in paragraph 3 of Article 2.7 of this Code, minors over fourteen but under eighteen years of age shall have the right to independently dispose of their income and property acquired for that income, exercise copyright to their works, inventions and industrial design as well as to enter into transactions to meet their ordinary and usual needs.\n\n\n3. Where there are sufficient grounds, the court may, on an application filed by a child guardianship/curatorship institution or other interested persons, impose restrictions on or divest minors who are over fourteen but under eighteen years of age of the right to independently dispose of their income and property.\n\n\n4. The right of minors over fourteen but under eighteen years of age to place deposits with credit institutions and dispose of them shall be prescribed by law.\n\n\n5. Minors over fourteen but under eighteen years of age shall be liable for their own contractual obligations."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.9. Emancipation of minors\n\n\n1. Once the minor has reached the age of sixteen, the court may emancipate him on the application of his parents, institutions of guardianship/curatorship, his curator or the minor himself where there are sufficient grounds to allow him to exercise all civil rights and discharge his obligations independently.   In all cases, the minor\u2019s own consent shall be required for the minor to be emancipated.\n\n\n2. The court may annul the minor\u2019s emancipation on the application of his parents, curator or institutions of guardianship/curatorship in the event that, in exercising his rights and discharging his obligations, the minor causes damage to his own or other persons\u2019 rights or legitimate interests.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION THREE\n\nDECLARATION OF LEGAL INCAPACITY OR LIMITATION OF LEGAL CAPACITY OF A NATURAL PERSON"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.10. Declaration of legal incapacity of a natural person in a certain area\n\n\n1. A natural person who, as a result of mental and behavioural disorder, is not able to understand the meaning of his actions in a certain area or control them, may be, by the court, declared legally incapable in that particular area.    The person legally incapable in that particular area shall be placed under guardianship in regard to this area.\n\n\n2. The court judgment shall include an exhaustive list of areas in which a person is declared legally incapable. Transactions on behalf of the person who is declared legally incapable in a certain area shall be concluded by his guardian. The rights and obligations of a guardian shall be laid down in the provisions of Book Three of this Code.\n\n\n3. Where a person who is declared legally incapable in a certain area recovers from his illness or the state of his health improves considerably, the court shall declare him as having legal capacity in that area. After the court judgment becomes res judicata, the guardianship of the said person in regard to this area shall be revoked."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4. The spouse of a person, his parents, adult children, an institutions of guardianship/curatorship or a public prosecutor shall have the right to file an application for the declaration of the person\u2019s legal incapacity in a certain area. They shall also have the right to apply to court requesting the declaration of the person\u2019s full legal capacity or legal capacity in the area in which the person has been declared legally incapable. In the cases provided for in Article 2.101 of this Code, the Legal Capacity Review Commission shall also have the right to apply to court requesting the declaration of the person\u2019s full legal capacity or legal capacity in the area in which the person has been declared legally incapable. A natural person who is declared legally incapable shall also have the right to apply, not more than once a year, to court requesting the declaration of his full legal capacity or legal capacity in the area in which he has been declared legally incapable. The one-year period shall start to run from the date of entry into force of a court judgment declaring the person legally incapable in a certain area. Subsequent one-year periods shall start to run from the date of entry into force of the last court judgment on the person\u2019s legal capacity.\n\n\n5. A person declared legally incapable in a certain area shall bear the legal consequences of incapacity, as laid down in legal acts, in that particular area only."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.101.   Review of the condition of a legally incapable person\n\n\n1. Each municipality must set up or have a functioning Legal Capacity Review Commission (hereinafter: the \u2018Commission\u2019). The Commission shall review the condition of a person legally incapable in a certain area and decide on the expediency to apply to court requesting the review of the judgment whereby a person was declared legally incapable in a certain area. Taking into consideration the number of persons with legal incapacity in a certain area who live in the territory of a municipality, one municipality may set up several Commissions or several municipalities may set up a single Commission. Model rules of procedure of Legal Capacity Review Commissions shall be approved by the Government.\n\n\n2. The Commission shall act on its own initiative to review the condition of a legally incapable person where, within one year from the date of entry into force of a court judgment declaring a person legally incapable in a certain area, persons referred to in paragraph 4 of Article 2.10 of this Code or a person declared legally incapable in a certain area fail to apply to court requesting the annulment of the court judgment declaring the person legally incapable. The condition of a person legally incapable in a certain area shall be reviewed by the Commission, which is set up or functions in the municipality of residence of the person legally incapable in a certain area."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. In its work, the Commission shall be guided by the principles of impartiality and independence, the principle of the least possible limitation of legal capacity, the principle of personalisation of measures limiting legal capacity and the principle of justification. When reviewing the condition of a legally incapable person, the Commission must hear the opinion of the person legally incapable in a certain area, except in exceptional cases where it is objectively not possible to do so. Where the Commission has doubts as to whether it is purposeful to apply to court, all doubts must be resolved in favour of a person declared legally incapable in a certain area.\n\n\n4. The Commission comprising five members shall be set up by a decision of the municipal council. Where establishment of a single Commission for several municipalities is decided upon, the decision thereto shall be subject to approval by the council of each of the municipalities in which the Commission is to function. Where two of the five members of the Commission decide that it is purposeful to apply to the court which adopted a judgment declaring a person legally incapable in a certain area and request the review of the judgment, the Commission shall be deemed to have adopted the decision to apply to court. Decisions adopted by the Commission shall not affect the right of persons referred to in paragraph 4 of Article 2.10 of this Code or the right of a person declared legally incapable in a certain area to apply to court requesting the declaration of the person\u2019s legal capacity.\n\n\n5. The work of the Commission members shall be remunerated in accordance with the procedure laid down in the Law of the Republic of Lithuania on Remuneration of Employees of State and Municipal Bodies and Members of Commissions."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.11. Limitation of active civil capacity of natural persons in a certain area\n\n\n1. A natural person who, as a result of mental and behavioural disorder, is partially unable to understand the meaning of his actions in a certain area or control them may be declared by the court to be of limited legal capacity in that particular area. After a person\u2019s legal capacity in a certain area has been limited, he shall be placed under curatorship. The rights and obligations of a curator shall be laid down in the provisions of Book Three of this Code.\n\n\n2. The court judgment shall include an exhaustive list of areas in which a natural person is declared to be of limited legal capacity. A natural person with limited legal capacity may not, without the consent of the curator, enter into transactions or otherwise act in the areas in which he is declared to be of limited legal capacity.  A natural person legally incapable in a certain area may, with the consent of the guardian, enter into transactions or otherwise act in those areas in which he is declared to be of limited legal capacity. In these cases, the provisions of this Code regulating the conclusion of transactions by a person with limited legal capacity in a certain area shall apply mutatis mutandis to the conclusion of transactions by a natural person legally incapable in a certain area. A court may not restrict the right of a person to apply to court requesting the court to lift the limitations imposed on the person\u2019s limited legal capacity in a particular area, and to exercise the rights provided for in Articles 2.25 and 2.26 of this Code and the right to appeal against the acts of the curator or guardian."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "3. Where the circumstances that led to the limitation of a person\u2019s legal capacity in a certain area are no longer valid, the court shall lift the limitation on the person\u2019s legal capacity in that particular area. After the court judgment becomes final, the curatorship in regard to this area to the said person shall be revoked.\n\n\n4. A person of full age with limited legal capacity in a certain area shall be personally liable for his contractual and non-contractual obligations.\n\n\n5. The spouse of a person, his parents, adult children, an institution of guardianship/curatorship or a public prosecutor shall have the right to request the imposition of a limitation on a person\u2019s civil legal capacity in a certain area. They shall also have the right to apply to court requesting the declaration of the person\u2019s full legal capacity or legal capacity in the area in which the person is declared to be of limited legal capacity. The person whose legal capacity has been limited shall also have the right to apply to court requesting the court to lift the limitation on his legal capacity.\n\n\n6. Provisions of the articles of Part VII of Book Three of this Code shall apply mutatis mutandis to relations arising in the exercise and protection of the property and non-property rights of a natural person legally incapable in a certain area or a natural person with limited legal capacity in a certain area.\n\n\n7. A person declared to be of limited legal capacity in a certain area shall bear the legal consequences of limited legal capacity, as laid down in legal acts, in that particular area only."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.111.   Register of Legally Incapable Persons and Persons with Limited Legal Capacity\n\n\n1. The Register of Legally Incapable Persons and Persons with Limited Legal Capacity shall record persons who have been declared legally incapable in a certain area by the court or whose active civil capacity is limited in a certain area; minors from the age of fourteen to eighteen in the cases provided for in paragraph 3 of Article 2.8 of this Code; guardians and curators of such persons; persons who have concluded an agreement on assistance in making decisions; persons providing assistance in making decisions; areas in which assistance in making decisions is provided to a person; and durable powers of attorney made by persons, and shall process the data on the court decisions, adopted in respect of these persons, concerning the establishment of legal incapacity or limitation of legal capacity; the areas in which a person has been declared legally incapable and/or in which a person\u2019s legal capacity is limited, and revocation of limitation of legal capacity or legal incapacity; as well as the data on agreements on assistance in making decisions; termination of the said assistance; and durable powers of attorney. The Register of Legally Incapable Persons and Persons with Limited Legal Capacity shall be a non-public state register."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. The data controller of the Register of Legally Incapable Persons and Persons with Limited Legal Capacity shall be the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Lithuania (hereinafter: the \u2018Ministry of Justice\u2019). The data processor of the Register shall be appointed by the Government. The data of the Register shall be processed in accordance with the procedure laid down by the regulations of the Register of Legally Incapable Persons and Persons with Limited Legal Capacity.\n\n\n3. The data of the Register of Legally Incapable Persons and Persons with Limited Legal Capacity shall be provided in accordance with the procedure laid down by the regulations of the Register of Legally Incapable Persons and Persons with Limited Legal Capacity only to the data recipients who have the statutory right to receive such data for the direct performance of their functions."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "SECTION FOUR\n\nDOMICILE AND RESIDENCE OF A NATURAL PERSON\n\n \n\n\nArticle 2.12. Domicile of a natural person\n\n\n1. Being an expression of a person\u2019s relationship with the state or part of its territory, the domicile of a natural person shall be that state or its part, in which he permanently or ordinarily resides, regarding that state or its part to be the seat of his personal, social and economic interests.\n\n\n2. A natural person shall be deemed to be domiciled in the Republic of Lithuania where, of his own will, he establishes and maintains the only or principal residence with the intention to make it the seat of his personal, social and economic interests. This intention, inter alia, may manifest itself by the person\u2019s actual presence on the territory of the Republic of Lithuania as well as the establishment of personal or business relations between him and the persons of the Republic of Lithuania or by some other criteria.\n\n\n3. A natural person may have only one domicile. A person called to a temporary or revocable public office shall retain his domicile.\n\n\n4. The domicile of a natural person shall be deemed unchanged until he changes it to another domicile.\n\n\n5. The domicile of a married person shall not depend on the domicile of his spouse, although the domicile of one of the spouses is the fact which may be taken into consideration in establishing the domicile of the other spouse."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.13. Domicile of legally incapable natural persons\n\n\n1. The domicile of a natural person legally incapable in a certain area shall be deemed to be the domicile of his guardian if the guardian and his ward reside in the same state.\n\n\n2. Where a natural person legally incapable in a certain area resides in a state different from that of his guardian and the said state is the seat of personal, social and economic interests of the natural person legally incapable in a certain area, he shall be deemed to be domiciled in that state.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 2.14. Domicile of minor natural persons\n\n\n1. The domicile of minor natural persons shall be deemed to be the domicile of their parents or guardians/curators.\n\n\n2. Where parents of a minor natural person do not have a common domicile, the domicile of a minor shall be deemed to be the domicile of one of his parents with whom the minor resides most of the time unless the court has established the residence of the minor with one of his parents.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 2.15. Right of the parties to a transaction to choose domicile\n\nThe parties to a transaction shall enjoy the right to choose, in writing, their domicile for the performance of the transaction and the exercise of the rights arising from the said transaction."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.16. Place of residence of a natural person\n\n\n1. The residence of a person shall be the place where he ordinarily resides.\n\n\n2. Where a person has more than one residence, the seat of his principal establishment (where the person has property or a major part of property, where he has his job or where he resides the longest) shall be deemed to be his principal residence. In such a case, a person\u2019s principal residence shall be taken into consideration in establishing his domicile.\n\n\n3. A person whose domicile cannot be established with certainty in accordance with the criteria laid down in Article 2.12 of this Code shall be deemed to be domiciled at the place of his residence. This rule shall also apply to refugees from the state which was their domicile unless they were domiciled in the Republic of Lithuania in accordance with the provisions of Article 2.12 of this Code."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.17. Criteria for the establishment of residence\n\n\n1. The length and continuity of actual residence at the place, data on a person\u2019s residence in public registers as well as his own public statements about his residence shall be taken into account in establishing residence of a natural person.\n\n\n2. A person whose residence is unknown or cannot be established with certainty shall be deemed to reside at the place of his last known residence.\n\n\n3. A natural person must notify, in writing, the other party to the transaction as well as his creditors or debtors about the change of his residence. Where a person fails to perform this obligation, the other party to the transaction and creditors shall have the right to send notifications and perform other actions at the place of his last known residence.\n\n \n\n\nSECTION FIVE\n\nACTS OF CIVIL STATUS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 2.18. State registration of acts of civil status\n\nThe State shall conduct mandatory registration of the following acts of civil status:\n\n\n1) birth of a person;\n\n\n2) death of a person;\n\n\n3) entering into marriage;\n\n\n4) dissolution of marriage;\n\n\n5) adoption;\n\n\n6) recognition of paternity, establishment of paternity/maternity and challenging paternity/maternity;\n\n\n7) change of the first name and surname;\n\n\n8) change of designation of sex of a person;\n\n\n9) partnership."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.19. Procedure for the registration of acts of civil status\n\nActs of civil status, except for partnership, shall be registered in accordance with the procedure laid down in the law regulating the registration of acts of civil status.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER II\n\nENJOYMENT AND EXERCISE OF SPECIFIC CIVIL RIGHTS OF NATURAL PERSONS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 2.20. Right to a name\n\n\n1. Every natural person shall enjoy the right to a name. The right to a name shall include the right to a surname, name(s) and pseudonym. It shall be prohibited to acquire rights and assume obligations under the cover of another person\u2019s name.\n\n\n2. A natural person shall have the right to use his full or abbreviated name(s) and request other persons not to use and not to act in his name without his authorisation.\n\n\n3. The basis and the procedure for the change of name and surname shall be provided by law.\n\n\n4. Having changed his surname or name, a natural person must inform his debtors and creditors thereof. Where the person fails to perform this obligation, he shall run the risk of negative consequences ensuing from his failure to notify about the change of his name or surname."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.21. Protection of the right to a name\n\n\n1. A natural person whose right to a name has been infringed because another person unlawfully acts in his name or otherwise misappropriates or obstructs the use of his name shall have the right to apply to court and request to oblige the guilty person to discontinue the said acts and redress the pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage incurred by him by such unlawful acts.\n\n\n2. After the death of a natural person, such claim may be presented by his spouse, parents or children."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.22. Right to an image\n\n\n1. A photograph (or its part) or some other image of a natural person may be reproduced, sold, demonstrated, published and the person may be photographed only with his consent. After the death of a natural person, such consent may be given by his spouse, parents or children.\n\n\n2. Where such acts are related to a person\u2019s public activities, his official post, a request of law enforcement bodies or where a person is photographed in public places, consent of a person shall not be required. A person\u2019s photograph (or its part) produced under the said circumstances, however, may not be demonstrated, reproduced or sold if those acts were to abase the person\u2019s honour, dignity or damage his professional reputation.\n\n\n3. A natural person whose right to an image has been infringed shall have the right to request the court to oblige the discontinuance of the said acts and redressing of the pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage. After the death of a person, such claim may be presented by his spouse, children and parents."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.23. Right to privacy and secrecy\n\n\n1. Privacy of a natural person shall be inviolable. Information on a person\u2019s private life may be made public only with his consent. After the death of a person, such consent may be given by his spouse, parents or children.\n\n\n2. Unlawful entry into a person\u2019s dwelling or other private premises as well as a fenced private territory, unlawful surveillance of a person, unlawful search of a person or his property, violation of the confidentiality of a person\u2019s telephone, post or other private communications as well as personal notes and information, publication of the data on the state of his health in violation of the procedure prescribed by laws and other unlawful acts shall be deemed to violate a person\u2019s private life.\n\n\n3. Establishment of a file on another person\u2019s private life in violation of law shall be prohibited. A person may not be denied access to the information contained in the file, except as otherwise provided by law. Dissemination of the collected information on a person\u2019s private life shall be prohibited unless, taking into consideration a person\u2019s official post and his status in the society, dissemination of the said information is in line with a legitimate and well-grounded public interest to know the said information."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4. Public announcement of facts of a person\u2019s private life, however truthful they may be, as well as making private correspondence public in violation of the procedure prescribed in paragraphs 1 and 3 of this Article as well as entry into a person\u2019s dwelling without his consent, except as otherwise provided by law, surveillance of a person\u2019s private life or collecting information about him in violation of law as well as other unlawful acts, infringing the right to privacy shall form the basis for bringing an action for redressing the pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage incurred by the said acts.\n\n\n5. The restrictions provided for in paragraphs 1 and 3 of this Article relating to the publication and collection of information about a person shall not apply where this is done by a reasoned court judgment."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.24. Protection of honour and dignity\n\n\n1. A person shall have the right to demand a refutation, in judicial proceedings, of the disseminated data, which abase his honour and dignity and which are false, as well as redress of the pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage incurred by the dissemination of the said data. After the death of a person, this right shall pass on to his spouse, parents and children if the dissemination of false data about the deceased person also abases their honour and dignity. The disseminated data shall be presumed to be false until the person who disseminated them proves the opposite.\n\n\n2. Where false data were disseminated by a mass medium (press, television, radio etc.), the person about whom the data were disseminated shall have the right to file a refutation and demand the given mass medium to publish the said refutation free of charge or make it public in some other way. The mass medium must publish the refutation or make it public in some other way in the course of two weeks from its receipt. The mass medium shall have the right to refuse to publish the refutation or make it public only in such cases where the content of the refutation contradicts good morals.\n\n\n3. The claim to redress the pecuniary or non-pecuniary damage shall be examined by the court irrespective of the fact whether the person who has disseminated such data refuted them or not."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "4. Where a mass medium refuses to publish the refutation or make it public in some other way or fails to do so within the time limit provided in paragraph 2 of this Article, the person shall be entitled to apply to court in accordance with the procedure established in paragraph 1 of this Article. In such a case, the court shall establish the procedure and time limits for the refutation of the data, which are false or abase another person\u2019s reputation.\n\n\n5. The mass medium, which disseminated false data abasing a person\u2019s reputation, must redress pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage incurred by the person only in those cases where it was aware or ought to have been aware that the disseminated data were false as well as in those cases where the data were made public by its employees or the data were disseminated anonymously and the mass medium refuses to name the person who supplied the said data. In all other cases, the person who has disseminated the data and his undertaking must redress the pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage.\n\n\n6. The person who has disseminated false data shall be exempted from civil liability in cases where the disseminated data are related to a public person and his state or public activities and the person who has made them public proves that his actions were in good faith and meant to introduce the person and his activities to the public."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "7. Where the court judgment, which obliges the refutation of false data abasing a person\u2019s honour and dignity, is not executed, the court may issue an order to recover a fine from the defendant for each day of default. The amount of the fine shall be determined by the court. It shall be recovered in favour of the plaintiff, irrespective of the redress for the inflicted non-pecuniary damage.\n\n\n8. The provisions of this Article shall also apply to protect the tarnished professional reputation of a legal person.\n\n\n9. The provisions of this Article shall not apply to those participants of judicial proceedings who are not held responsible for the speeches delivered at court hearings or data made public in judicial documents."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.25. Right to the inviolability and integrity of the person\n\n\n1. A natural person shall be inviolable. No one shall be subjected, against his will and without his free consent, (or without the consent of a legal representative where a person is legally incapable in this area) to scientific and medical testing or examination. The consent must be given in writing.\n\n \n\n\n2. Intervention into a human body, removal of a person\u2019s body parts or organs shall be possible only with his consent. Consent to a surgical operation must be given in writing. Where a person is legally incapable in this area, the consent may be given by his guardian; however, castration, sterilisation, termination of pregnancy, operation, removal of organs of a person incapable in this area shall be subject to judicial authorisation. The consent and judicial authorisation provided for in this paragraph shall not be necessary in emergency cases where a person\u2019s life is endangered and has to be saved while the person himself is unable to express his will.\n\n\n3. A person may determine, in writing, the manner of use of his body after death and funeral arrangements.\n\n\n4. The procedure for the donation and transplantation of human tissues and organs shall be established in a separate law.\n\n\n5. Human body, its parts or organs and tissues may not be subjects of commercial transactions. Such transactions shall be null and void.\n\n\n6. The person whose right to the inviolability and integrity of his person has been infringed shall have the right to request the guilty persons to redress pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage incurred by him."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.26. Prohibition to restrict the freedom of a natural person\n\n\n1. Freedom of a natural person shall be inviolable. A legally capable person may be placed under any supervision or imposed any restrictions only upon his consent and in other cases prescribed by law.\n\n\n2. Where a person\u2019s life is endangered or he has to be hospitalised to protect the public interests, the person\u2019s consent to the medical care shall not be required.\n\n\n3. Psychiatric examination of a person may be conducted only with his consent or judicial authorisation. Consent to conduct psychiatric examination of a person incapable in this area may be given by his guardian or by the court. Where a person\u2019s life is seriously endangered, urgent psychiatric care may be provided without the person\u2019s consent.\n\n\n4. Placement of a person in a mental health care institution shall be subject to his consent or judicial authorisation. Where a person has a mental or behavioural disorder and there is a real threat that his acts or omissions may cause substantial damage to his health, life and property, or to that of other people, the person may be subject to compulsory hospitalisation for the period not exceeding three working days. Compulsory hospitalisation may be extended only after the judicial authorisation is granted in accordance with the procedure prescribed by law. Where a person is incapable in the relevant area, his guardian may give his consent to the said person\u2019s compulsory hospitalisation for the period not exceeding three working days. Compulsory hospitalisation of a person incapable in the relevant area may be extended only after the judicial authorisation is granted in accordance with the procedure prescribed by law."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "5. A mental health care institution must, no later than within 48 hours from the placement of a person in the mental health care institution, apply for judicial authorisation to extend, with the consent of a guardian, compulsory hospitalisation or placement of a person legally incapable in the relevant area.\n\n\n6. Persons who unlawfully imposed restrictions on the freedom of a natural person must redress pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage incurred by the said person."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.27. Right to gender reassignment\n\n\n1. An unmarried natural person of full age shall have the right to gender reassignment if that is medically possible. The application to the given effect must be made in writing.\n\n\n2. The conditions and procedure for gender reassignment shall be prescribed by law.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER III\n\nRECOGNITION OF A PERSON\u2019S ABSENCE\n\nOR DECLARATORY JUDGMENT OF DEATH\n\n \n\n\nArticle 2.28. Recognition of a person\u2019s absence\n\n\n1. Where for the period of one year in a person\u2019s domicile there is no information about his whereabouts, the court may recognise the person to be an absentee.\n\n\n2. Where there is no possibility to establish the day when the last data about an absentee were received, the first of January of the following year shall be deemed to be the beginning of a person\u2019s absence."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.29. Protection of the property of an absentee\n\n\n1. After an application of the interested persons or the public prosecutor has been filed, the court shall appoint a temporary administrator of an absentee\u2019s property. An absentee\u2019s spouse, close relatives or persons with an interest in preserving his property may be appointed temporary administrators. The temporary administrator must take the inventory of the property and take measures to safeguard it. The court shall establish the amount of remuneration for the administrator\u2019s services, with the exception of cases where the temporary administrator is a person\u2019s spouse or a close relative. They shall perform the said functions free of charge.\n\n\n2. The temporary administrator shall administer the property, maintain the persons whom the absentee is obliged to maintain and pay the absentee\u2019s debts. The temporary administrator shall have to obtain judicial authorisation to dispose of the property, mortgage it or restrict the rights to property in some other manner.\n\n\n3. Where an absentee\u2019s property is an enterprise, the court shall appoint its administrator. The administrator shall act on behalf of its owner.\n\n\n4. Where the court issues a judgment that a person is recognised an absentee, a permanent administrator to his property shall be appointed by a court order.\n\n\n5. A person may be appointed as an administrator to the property only with his consent."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.30. Revocation of the judgment to recognise the person an absentee\n\n\n1. Where a person recognised an absentee returns or his whereabouts become known, the court shall revoke its judgment to declare the person an absentee and terminate the administration of his property.\n\n\n2. Revenues received by the administrator from the property of the absentee shall be recovered by the owner of the property who has returned and who has to reimburse the property administrator for all expenses related to the administration thereof."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.31. Declaratory judgment of death\n\n\n1. Where no information on a person\u2019s whereabouts is obtained in his domicile for a period of three years and where he disappeared under such circumstances, which posed a mortal threat or give the grounds to suspect that he was killed in an accident, and no information about the person has been obtained for a period of six months, a declaratory judgment of the natural person\u2019s death may be pronounced in court. The commencement of the said periods shall be established in accordance with the rules laid down in paragraph 2 of Article 2.28 of this Code.\n\n\n2. A soldier or any other person who disappeared as a result of military actions may be declared dead by the court but not earlier than two years as of the day of the end of military actions.\n\n\n3. A declaratory judgment of death may be pronounced for a person irrespective of whether or not he has previously been declared an absentee.\n\n\n4. The date of death of a person for whom a declaratory judgment of death was pronounced shall be deemed to be the date when the court judgment declaring the person to be dead enters into force. Where a declaratory judgment of death is pronounced for a person who disappeared under such circumstances, which posed mortal threat or give grounds to suspect that he was killed in an accident, the court may recognise the alleged date of the accident to be the date of his death."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "5. A specific location indicated in the court judgment shall be considered to be the location of such person\u2019s death. Where it is impossible to establish a specific location of a person\u2019s death, the last known location of his whereabouts shall be deemed to be the location of his death.\n\n\n6. From the point of view of a person\u2019s civil rights and obligations, pronouncement of a declaratory judgment of his death shall equal the act of the person\u2019s death."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.32. Consequences of the return of a person who was declared dead\n\n\n1. Where a person who was declared dead returns or his whereabouts become known, the court shall revoke its judgment to declare the person dead.\n\n\n2. The person who has returned shall not have the right to request the recovery of his property, which has been inherited after the declaratory judgment of death was pronounced. However, in cases where a person was absent for serious reasons, he shall have the right, irrespective of the time of his return, to request the recovery of his property which is in possession of his heirs.\n\n\n3. A person who has returned shall also have the right to request either the recovery of his property, which was gratuitously received by the third persons, or its value. However, the acquirer of the property in good faith must be compensated for any losses incurred in the recovery of the said property or its value.\n\n \n\n\nPART II\n\nLEGAL PERSONS\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER IV\n\nGENERAL PROVISIONS"}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "PART II\n\nLEGAL PERSONS\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER IV\n\nGENERAL PROVISIONS\n\n \n\n\nArticle 2.33. Concept of a legal person\n\n\n1. A legal person shall be an enterprise, agency or an organisation which has its business name and which may, in its name, acquire and have rights and assume obligations as well as act as a defendant and as a plaintiff in courts.\n\n\n2. The provisions of Part II of this Book shall apply to individual legal forms of legal persons, except as otherwise provided by the provisions of this Code.\n\n\n3. The establishment, management, reorganisation, conversion, restructuring or liquidation of legal persons specified in the Law of the Republic of Lithuania on the Protection of Objects Critical for National Security shall be regulated by this Code to the extent that the Law of the Republic of Lithuania on the Protection of Objects Critical for National Security does not provide otherwise.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 2.34. Public and private persons\n\n\n1. Legal persons shall be divided into public and private persons.\n\n\n2. Public legal persons shall be legal persons established by the State or municipalities, their institutions or other non-profit-seeking persons whose goal is to meet public interests (state and municipal enterprises, state or municipal institutions, public institutions, religious communities, etc.).\n\n\n3. Private legal persons shall be legal persons which aim at meeting private interests.\n\n\n4. Chapter VII of this Book shall apply to public legal persons in a subsidiary manner.\n\n\n5. Chapter IX of this Book shall not apply to public legal persons."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.35. State and municipalities\n\n\n1. The State and municipalities shall be legal persons.\n\n\n2. State and municipal institutions the existence whereof is prescribed by the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania shall be legal persons in the cases prescribed by law.\n\n\n3. With the exception of Articles 2.36, 2.74, 2.76, 2.80, 2.84 and 2.85 of this Code, the provisions of Part II of this Book shall not apply to the State and municipalities.\n\n\n4. State and municipal institutions specified in paragraph 2 of this Article shall submit to the Register of Legal Entities documents and data referred to in Articles 2.46 and 2.66 of this Code.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 2.36. Participation of the State and municipalities in civil relations\n\n\n1. The State, municipalities and their institutions shall be subjects of civil relations on equal terms with other participants thereof.\n\n\n2. The State and municipalities shall acquire civil rights, assume civil duties and exercise them through respective public and municipal administration institutions."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.37. Religious communities and associations\n\n\n1. Traditional religious communities and associations shall be legal persons. Other religious communities and associations shall acquire the rights of a legal person in accordance with the procedure established in Chapter V of this Book as well as in other laws.\n\n\n2. Structural units of religious communities and associations which, pursuant to the regulations, statutes or other norms of religious communities and associations, fulfil the requirements provided for in Article 2.33 of this Code shall be legal persons. These structural units shall submit to the Register of Legal Entities documents testifying to their compliance with the requirements specified in this paragraph.\n\n\n3. Religious communities and associations and their structural units, which enjoy the rights of a legal person, shall act pursuant to their regulations, statutes and other norms to the extent they do not contradict the law, and only Chapters IV and VI, Articles 2.84 and 2.85 of this Book, and, to the extent it does not contradict the provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article, Chapter V shall apply to the said legal persons."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.38. Trade unions\n\n\n1. Where the requirements of paragraph 2 of this Article are fulfilled, trade unions shall be considered to be legal persons.\n\n\n2. A trade union shall be established where it has at least 20 founders or where the founders would account for at least one tenth of all employees in an enterprise, an institution or an organisation (while one tenth of all employees would comprise at least three employees) and where the general meeting of the trade union approves its statute and elects its management bodies.\n\n\n3. Citizens of the Republic of Lithuania and foreigners with general legal capacity in employment relationships may be founders of a trade union.\n\n\n4. The provisions of Chapter V of this Book shall apply to trade unions to the extent they do not contradict the provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article. Trade unions shall submit to the Register of Legal Entities documents testifying to their compliance with the requirements laid down in paragraph 2 of this Article."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.39. Business name of a legal person\n\n\n1. A legal person must possess its business name enabling to distinguish it from other legal persons.\n\n\n2. The business name of a legal person shall be its property, which, however, may not be sold or conveyed in any other manner to become the property of another person separately from the legal person.\n\n\n3. The business name of a legal person may not contradict the public order or good morals or mislead the public as to its incorporator, participant, registered office, purpose of activities, legal form, identity or similarity to the business names of other legal persons or the names of foreign enterprises, institutions and organisations as well as trademarks and service marks that are better known to the Lithuanian public. The business name of a legal person may not mislead as to its identity or similarity to well-known trademarks and service marks which were submitted for registration, registered or recognised in the Republic of Lithuania prior to the said legal person.\n\n\n4. In the case of application of paragraph 3 of Article 2.46 of this Code, the business name of a legal person shall not be registered separately and shall be protected as of the day on which an application for the registration of a legal person is submitted to the Register of Legal Entities or from the date of adoption of a legal act.\n\n\n5. Regulations of the Register of Legal Entities may establish additional requirements for the business name of legal persons."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.40. Composition of the business name of a legal person\n\n\n1. The business name of a legal person shall be composed of words or word combinations used in their figurative or direct meaning.\n\n\n2. The business name of a legal person shall be composed by taking into consideration the norms of the standard Lithuanian language and may not be composed of a generic word(s) denoting directly the sort of objects or services of activity or a single toponym or of some other word with no distinctive feature.\n\n\n3. The business name of a legal person may be composed only of letters, which may not be understood as words and numerals or their combinations only in cases when such business name is customary in society. Where the consent has been given, the business name of a legal person which is related to a foreign legal person or other organisation may be composed in such a manner which would make the said name identical or similar to the business name of a foreign legal person or other organisation."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.41. Business name of a legal person which is in the process of incorporation\n\n\n1. Incorporators of a legal person may apply to the Register of Legal Entities and request to make a temporary entry, in the Register of Legal Entities, of the business name of a legal person which is in the process of incorporation.\n\n\n2. The business name of a legal person which is in the process of incorporation shall be subject to the same rules as the business name of a legal person, with the exception of paragraph 4 of Article 2.39 and Article 2.42 of this Code.\n\n\n3. Entry of the business name of a legal person which is in the process of incorporation shall be made in the Register of Legal Entities for the period of six months and upon its expiry shall be deleted without notification thereof to the incorporators of the legal person."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.42. Right to the business name of a legal person\n\n\n1. It shall be prohibited to acquire rights and assume obligations by using another legal person\u2019s business name as a cover or to use another legal person\u2019s business name without the latter\u2019s consent.\n\n\n2. Where a legal person\u2019s right to a business name has been infringed by another person\u2019s unlawful use of the said person\u2019s business name or where the other person has or uses a business name which fails to meet the requirements laid down in Article 2.39 of this Code, the legal person shall have the right to apply to court and request the court to oblige the legal person to discontinue the said unlawful acts or to alter the business name and to redress the pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage incurred by the said acts, while where the provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article have been infringed, also request the person to return everything he has acquired by using another person\u2019s business name as a cover or using the said name without the latter\u2019s consent."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.43. Alteration of the business name of a legal person\n\n\n1. Prior to the alteration of the business name, a legal person must make a public announcement thereof once or give all creditors written notification thereof.\n\n\n2. Where a legal person fails to discharge its obligation stipulated in paragraph 1 of this Article, it shall have to bear the risk of ensuing negative consequences related to its failure to notify about the alteration of its business name.\n\n\n3. The business name of a legal person shall be altered by altering the incorporation documents, which are registered in the Register of Legal Entities only after the requirements of paragraph 1 of this Article have been fulfilled.\n\n\n4. A legal person shall have the right to apply to the Register of Legal Entities and request it to make a temporary entry in the Register of Legal Entities of the planned new business name. In such cases, the provisions of Article 2.41 of this Code shall apply mutatis mutandis."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.44. Information supplied in the documents of a legal person\n\n\n1. Documents of a legal person used in its business relations with other entities (business letters, invoices, trade documents, etc.) must include the following information:\n\n\n1) business name of a legal person;\n\n\n2) legal form of a legal person;\n\n\n3) head office of a legal person;\n\n\n4) address of the electronic delivery box of the National Information System for Delivery of Electronic Messages and Documents Using Post Infrastructure (hereinafter: the \u2018e-delivery box\u2019) of a legal person;\n\n\n5) registration number of a legal person;\n\n\n6) register in which the data on the given legal person are accumulated and stored.\n\n\n2. Where a legal person has declared bankruptcy or is liquidated, the information thereof must be indicated in the documents specified in paragraph 1 of this Article.\n\n\n3. No longer effective from 14 April 2012.\n\n\n4. Where the capital of a legal person is mentioned in the documents specified in paragraph 1 of this Article, the authorised capital and the amount of paid-in authorised capital must be indicated as well.\n\n\n5. Documents must be approved with the seal of a legal person only in cases where the legal person is obliged to have a seal under the incorporation documents or by law."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.45. Participant of a legal person\n\nA participant (shareholder, member, interest holder, etc.) of a legal person shall be a person who has the right of ownership to the property of a legal person, or a person who, irrespective of his failure to maintain the right of ownership to the property of a legal person, acquires the obligatory rights and/or duties related to the legal person."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.46. Documents of incorporation of a legal person\n\n\n1. Legal persons shall act in accordance with the documents of their incorporation: articles of incorporation and incorporation contract or general regulations in cases provided for by law. According to the provisions of this Code, articles of incorporation shall have equal status with the regulations, statutes and other incorporation documents of legal persons.\n\n\n2. Provisions of incorporation documents shall be valid to the extent they do not contradict the mandatory provisions of laws.\n\n\n3. Public legal persons may act in accordance with the law or, where it is provided for by law, in accordance with the legal act on the incorporation of a public legal person adopted by the state or municipal institutions if the said act does not provide for the obligation of a public legal person to act in accordance with the statutes approved by the state or municipal institutions.\n\n\n4. In case of failure to file the incorporation documents of a legal person with the Register of Legal Entities within six months of the date on which they were drawn up, they shall be deemed void unless other laws provide for a different time limit. The legal acts referred to in paragraph 3 of this Article must be filed with the Register of Legal Entities within the time limits prescribed by these legal acts.\n\n\n5. The signatures of the natural persons who have signed the incorporation documents of a legal person shall be authenticated by a notary, with the exceptions established by law."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.47. Articles of incorporation of a legal person\n\n\n1. Articles of incorporation of a legal person or, where there are none, the incorporation transaction or general regulations, where a legal person acts in accordance with the general regulations, or a legal act, where a legal person acts in accordance with the legal act, must include the following information:\n\n\n1) business name of a legal person;\n\n\n2) legal form of a legal person;\n\n\n3) (no longer effective from 1 January 2010);\n\n\n4) goals of activities of a legal person;\n\n\n5) remit of the meeting of participants of a legal person and the procedure for its convening;\n\n\n6) bodies of a legal person and the remit thereof, the procedure for their formation and dissolution or a participant of a legal person, where the bodies are not formed and the legal person exercises its rights through a participant of the legal person;\n\n\n7) procedure for the alteration of the incorporation documents of a legal person;\n\n\n8) where the term of activities of a legal person is restricted, the term of its activities;\n\n\n9) other provisions established by laws, the incorporator or a participant of a legal person.\n\n\n2. Goals of activities of public legal persons must be defined in a clear and comprehensive manner, indicating the field and type of activities."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "2. Goals of activities of public legal persons must be defined in a clear and comprehensive manner, indicating the field and type of activities.\n\n\n3. It shall not be necessary to indicate the procedure for convening a meeting of participants of a legal person and the remit of the meeting, the procedure for setting up and dissolving other bodies of a legal person and the remit thereof and the procedure for alteration of the documents of incorporation if such procedure is identical to the procedure provided for by law and where the given fact is indicated in the articles of incorporation."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.48. Property of legal persons\n\n\n1. Property of legal persons shall be managed, used and disposed of on the basis of the ownership right or the right of trust.\n\n\n2. Property, which is managed, used and disposed of on the basis of the right of trust, shall be owned by the incorporator of a legal person or its participant on the basis of the ownership right.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 2.49. Registered office of a legal person\n\n\n1. The registered office of a legal person shall be the seat of its permanentmanagement body. The registered office of a legal person shall be defined by indicating the address of the premises in which the head office is located.\n\n\n2. Where the registered office of a legal person, as indicated in the Register of Legal Entities or the contract, and the seat of its permanent management body do not coincide, the third parties shall have the right to consider the seat of its permanent management body to be the registered office of a legal person.\n\n\n3. All correspondence with a legal person shall be deemed appropriate where the address of the registered office or the address of the e-delivery box of the legal person is used as well as where due regard of paragraph 2 of this Article is taken, except as otherwise expressly provided by the legal person.\n\n\n4. A decision regarding the registered office of a legal person shall be taken by its incorporators. A decision to change the registered office of a legal person shall be taken in accordance with the procedure laid down in the incorporation documents of a legal person unless laws regulating activities of individual legal persons provide otherwise."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.50. Contractual liability of legal persons\n\n\n1. A legal person shall be liable for its obligations to the extent of its property, which it owns on the basis of the ownership right or the right of trust.\n\n\n2. A legal person shall not be liable for the obligations of its participant and the latter shall not be liable for the obligations of the legal person, with the exception of cases provided by law and the incorporation documents of a legal person.\n\n\n3. Where a legal person fails to perform its obligations due to acts in bad faith of a participant of the legal person, the participant of a legal person shall, in a subsidiary manner, be liable for the obligations of a legal person to the extent of his property.\n\n\n4. Legal persons shall be divided into those with limited and unlimited civil liability. Where the property of a legal person with unlimited civil liability is not sufficient to discharge its obligations, a participant of a legal person shall be liable for the said obligations unless the laws provide otherwise.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 2.51. Term of activities of a legal person\n\n\n1. A legal person may be incorporated for a fixed or indefinite period. The date as well as presence or absence of certain conditions may be considered to be the term.\n\n\n2. Where documents of incorporation of a legal person do not indicate that the legal person has been incorporated for a fixed period of time, such legal person shall be considered to be incorporated for an indefinite period."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.52. Financial year of a legal person\n\n\n1. The financial year of a legal person shall be a calendar year.\n\n\n2. Any other period of twelve months may be considered to be the financial year of a legal person. It must be indicated in the incorporation documents of a legal person.\n\n\n3. Where the financial year is changed, the end of the financial year shall be considered to be the end of a new financial year if the period from the beginning of the financial year to the end of the new financial year is not longer than eighteen months. Where this period exceeds eighteen months, a transitional financial year shall be established, starting at the end of the old financial year and ending at the beginning of the new financial year.\n\n\n4. Upon the incorporation of a legal person, the first financial year of a legal person shall be the period from the day of its incorporation to the end of the financial year. Upon the termination of a legal person, the period from the beginning of the financial year to the date of termination of a legal person shall be considered to be the last financial year.\n\n\n5. The financial year of a legal person may not be altered more frequently than once in five years. Where a legal person changes its financial year for a financial year coinciding with the calendar year, the given provision shall not apply."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.53. Branch office of a legal person\n\n\n1. A branch office of a legal person shall be its structural unit, which has its registered office and performs all or part of a legal person\u2019s functions.\n\n\n2. A branch office of a legal person shall not be a legal person. The legal person shall be liable for the obligations of the branch office and the branch office shall be liable for the obligations of the legal person.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 2.54. Regulations of a branch office of a legal person\n\n\n1. A branch office of a legal person shall act in accordance with the regulations approved by a legal person. The regulations must contain the following information:\n\n\n1) business name of the branch office;\n\n\n2) (no longer effective from 1 January 2010);\n\n\n3) goals of activities of the branch office;\n\n\n4) management body of the branch office and its remit;\n\n\n5) term of activities of the branch office (where it is fixed);\n\n\n6) other provisions established by law or a legal person.\n\n\n2. Regulations of a branch office of a legal person must also provide information specified in points 1, 2, 5 and 6 of paragraph 1 of Article 2.44 of this Code on the founder of the branch office and on the management body of a legal person, which has the right to appoint or remove the management bodies of the branch office and make decisions on the legal status of the branch office.\n\n\n3. Model regulations of a branch office of a legal person shall be approved by the Government or its authorised institution."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
topic: persistent://default/default/b460e3ae-c7d3-40ba-9d3e-45b669ee9eae
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.55. Regulation of branch offices\n\n\n1. Provisions of Part II of this Book shall apply to branch offices and their activities to the extent they do not contradict the essence of a branch office and with due regard to the specificities laid down in this Article.\n\n\n2. Documents of a branch office listed in Article 2.44 of this Code must also contain analogous information about the legal person, with the exception of information specified in paragraph 3 of Article 2.44 of this Code, in cases where the founder of the branch office is a foreign legal person or other organisation.\n\n\n3. Upon the registration of a branch office, a foreign legal person or other organisation must notify the Register of Legal Entities about the alterations in the legal person\u2019s or other organisation\u2019s documents and data which were submitted to the Register, and the legal status of a legal person or other organisation, must present a set of annual financial statements of a legal person, other organisation or a branch office, where a set of annual financial statements of a foreign legal person or other organisation is compiled in accordance with the requirements other than those applied in the European Union, and financial reporting is mandatory under laws of the Republic of Lithuania which apply to a foreign legal person or other organisation."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.56. Representative office of a legal person\n\n\n1. The representative office of a legal person shall be a unit of a legal person, which has its registered office and enjoys the right to perform the actions specified in paragraph 2 of this Article.\n\n\n2. The representative office of a legal person shall have the right to represent the interests of a legal person and protect them, to enter into transactions as well as to perform other actions on behalf of that legal person, to conduct import and export operations exclusively between foreign legal persons and other organisations, which have established the branch office or related enterprises, institutions or organisations and the branch office.\n\n\n3. The representative office of a legal person shall not be a legal person.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 2.57. Regulations of a representative office of a legal person\n\n\n1. The representative office of a legal person shall act pursuant to the regulations approved by a legal person which must include the following information:\n\n\n1) business name of a representative office;\n\n\n2) registered office of a representative office;\n\n\n3) goals of activities of a representative office;\n\n\n4) management body of a representative office and its remit;\n\n\n5) term of activities of a representative office (where it is limited);\n\n\n6) other provisions established by law or a legal person.\n\n\n2. Regulations of the representative office of a legal person must also include information specified in Article 2.44 of this Code on the founder of the representative office and on the management body of a legal person, which has the right to appoint or remove the management bodies of the representative office and make decisions on the legal status of the representative office."}


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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.58. Regulation of the representative office of a legal person\n\n\n1. The provisions of Part II of this Book shall apply to representative offices to the extent they do not contradict the essence of a representative office and with due regard to the specificities laid down in this Article.\n\n\n2. The documents of a representative office listed in Article 2.44 of this Code must also contain the same information about a legal person, with the exception of information specified in paragraph 3 of Article 2.44 of this Code, in cases where the founder of the representative office is a foreign legal person or other organisation.\n\n\n3. Upon registration of a representative office, a foreign legal person or other organisation must notify the Register of Legal Entities about the alterations in the legal person\u2019s documents and data filed with the Register as well as about the legal status of a legal person.\n\n \n\n\nCHAPTER V\n\nINCORPORATION OF A LEGAL PERSON\n\n \n\n\nArticle 2.59. Procedure for the incorporation of a legal person\n\nLegal persons shall be incorporated pursuant to the procedure established by law and this Code. Matters relating to the incorporation procedure which are not regulated by law may be determined by incorporators."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.60. Incorporators of a legal person\n\n\n1. The incorporator of a legal person shall be a person who has concluded a contract for the incorporation of a legal person. Upon passing a respective law or, where it is provided for by law, other legal act, the State, or, where it is provided for by law, also a municipality, state or local authorities, upon passing a respective legal act, which forms the basis for the incorporation of a public legal person, shall also be considered the incorporators of a legal person.  \n\n\n2. Both natural and legal persons may be incorporators of a legal person.\n\n\n3. The law may provide for cases where, for the purpose of protection of public order or in taking response measures, a foreign legal person, other organisation or a foreigner may not be an incorporator or a participant of a legal person."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.61. Transactions concluded prior to the incorporation of a legal person\n\n\n1. A particular management body of a legal person or any other body specified in the incorporation document shall have the right to approve transactions which were concluded by other persons in the name of and on behalf of a legal person prior to the incorporation of the legal person. When concluding such transaction, it must be indicated that it is concluded in the name of and on behalf of the legal person which is in the process of incorporation. Where such reference is not included, the person who has concluded the transaction and the legal person, whose management body or any other body specified in the incorporation document approved the transaction concluded on his behalf, shall be liable jointly and severally for the discharge of obligations arising from the said transaction.\n\n\n2. Where such transaction is not approved by the body of the legal person which was incorporated at a later date, all obligations arising from the transaction shall have to be discharged by the person who has concluded the said transaction. Where such transaction has been concluded by several persons and where a legal person fails to approve it, all persons shall be liable jointly and severally for the discharge of obligations arising from the said transaction."}


created_at: 2024-07-15 12:10:11
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{"source": "/kaggle/working/extracted_files/LR_Civil_Code_2022.txt", "chroma:document": "Article 2.62. Register of Legal Entities\n\n\n1. Legal persons must be registered in the Register of Legal Entities.\n\n\n2. The Register of Legal Entities shall contain the names of legal persons and accumulate the data and documents related to legal persons. The Register of Legal Entities shall be the main state register.\n\n\n3. The Register of Legal Entities must be supplied with all data prescribed by law on legal persons themselves and their activities (the principle of disclosure).\n\n\n4. A head institution responsible for the processing of data of the Register of Legal Entities and an institution responsible for the processing of data of the Register (data processor of the Register) shall be established by law.\n\n \n\n\nArticle 2.63. Moment of incorporation of a legal person\n\n\n1. A legal person shall be deemed incorporated as of the moment of its registration in the Register of Legal Entities.\n\n\n2. A law or, in cases prescribed by law, any other legal act forming the basis for the incorporation of a public legal person, may establish that a legal person is deemed incorporated as of the date of entry into force of the legal act forming the basis for its incorporation. In such cases, that legal act must contain the data referred to in Article 2.66 of this Code and the said legal act must be made public and transmitted to the Register of Legal Entities."}


