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  library_name: transformers
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- tags: []
 
 
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  ---
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-
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- # Model Card for Model ID
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- <!-- Provide a quick summary of what the model is/does. -->
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- ## Model Details
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-
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- ### Model Description
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- <!-- Provide a longer summary of what this model is. -->
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- This is the model card of a 馃 transformers model that has been pushed on the Hub. This model card has been automatically generated.
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- - **Developed by:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Funded by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Shared by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Model type:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Language(s) (NLP):** [More Information Needed]
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- - **License:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Finetuned from model [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- ### Model Sources [optional]
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- <!-- Provide the basic links for the model. -->
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- - **Repository:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Paper [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Demo [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- ## Uses
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-
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- <!-- Address questions around how the model is intended to be used, including the foreseeable users of the model and those affected by the model. -->
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- ### Direct Use
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- <!-- This section is for the model use without fine-tuning or plugging into a larger ecosystem/app. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ### Downstream Use [optional]
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- <!-- This section is for the model use when fine-tuned for a task, or when plugged into a larger ecosystem/app -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ### Out-of-Scope Use
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- <!-- This section addresses misuse, malicious use, and uses that the model will not work well for. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ## Bias, Risks, and Limitations
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- <!-- This section is meant to convey both technical and sociotechnical limitations. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ### Recommendations
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- <!-- This section is meant to convey recommendations with respect to the bias, risk, and technical limitations. -->
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- Users (both direct and downstream) should be made aware of the risks, biases and limitations of the model. More information needed for further recommendations.
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- ## How to Get Started with the Model
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- Use the code below to get started with the model.
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ## Training Details
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- ### Training Data
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- <!-- This should link to a Dataset Card, perhaps with a short stub of information on what the training data is all about as well as documentation related to data pre-processing or additional filtering. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ### Training Procedure
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- <!-- This relates heavily to the Technical Specifications. Content here should link to that section when it is relevant to the training procedure. -->
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- #### Preprocessing [optional]
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- [More Information Needed]
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- #### Training Hyperparameters
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- - **Training regime:** [More Information Needed] <!--fp32, fp16 mixed precision, bf16 mixed precision, bf16 non-mixed precision, fp16 non-mixed precision, fp8 mixed precision -->
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- #### Speeds, Sizes, Times [optional]
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- <!-- This section provides information about throughput, start/end time, checkpoint size if relevant, etc. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ## Evaluation
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- <!-- This section describes the evaluation protocols and provides the results. -->
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- ### Testing Data, Factors & Metrics
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- #### Testing Data
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- <!-- This should link to a Dataset Card if possible. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- #### Factors
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- <!-- These are the things the evaluation is disaggregating by, e.g., subpopulations or domains. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- #### Metrics
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- <!-- These are the evaluation metrics being used, ideally with a description of why. -->
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- ### Results
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- #### Summary
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- ## Model Examination [optional]
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- <!-- Relevant interpretability work for the model goes here -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ## Environmental Impact
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- <!-- Total emissions (in grams of CO2eq) and additional considerations, such as electricity usage, go here. Edit the suggested text below accordingly -->
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- Carbon emissions can be estimated using the [Machine Learning Impact calculator](https://mlco2.github.io/impact#compute) presented in [Lacoste et al. (2019)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09700).
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- - **Hardware Type:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Hours used:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Cloud Provider:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Compute Region:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Carbon Emitted:** [More Information Needed]
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- ## Technical Specifications [optional]
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- ### Model Architecture and Objective
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- ### Compute Infrastructure
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- #### Hardware
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- #### Software
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- ## Citation [optional]
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- <!-- If there is a paper or blog post introducing the model, the APA and Bibtex information for that should go in this section. -->
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- **BibTeX:**
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- ## Glossary [optional]
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- <!-- If relevant, include terms and calculations in this section that can help readers understand the model or model card. -->
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- ## More Information [optional]
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- ## Model Card Authors [optional]
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- ## Model Card Contact
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- [More Information Needed]
 
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  ---
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  library_name: transformers
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+ license: mit
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+ datasets:
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+ - MBZUAI/LaMini-instruction
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  ---
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+ # Saving 77% of the Parameters in Large Language Models Technical Report
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+ This repository contains experiment results for the [Saving 77% of the Parameters in Large Language Models Technical Report (PDF)](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/388835829_SAVING_77_OF_THE_PARAMETERS_IN_LARGE_LANGUAGE_MODELS_TECHNICAL_REPORT).
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+
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+ ## Abstract
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+ This technical report demonstrates that large language models (LLMs) can maintain their learning capacity while reducing their non-embedding parameters by up to 77%. We achieve this by adapting a parameter reduction technique originally developed for computer vision, replacing dense layers with an optimized subnetwork that contains grouped pointwise convolutions. Using Microsoft's phi-3-mini-4k-instruct as our baseline, we show that our optimized model (kphi-3) achieves comparable validation loss while using only 15-23% of the original non-embedding parameters. All experiments were conducted on a single NVIDIA L4 GPU within a 3-day timeframe, supporting the democratization of AI research. Our findings suggest that current LLM architectures may be substantially overparameterized, opening possibilities for more efficient model training and deployment.
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+
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+ ## Key Findings
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+ - Achieved 77% parameter reduction while maintaining model performance.
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+ - Demonstrated better generalization in optimized models.
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+ - Improved output quality in qualitative testing.
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+
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+ ## Implementation Details
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+ - Base Model: [kphi3](https://github.com/joaopauloschuler/less-parameters-llm).
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+ - Training Dataset: [LaMini](https://huggingface.co/datasets/MBZUAI/LaMini-instruction).
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+ - Architecture: Modified transformer decoder with grouped pointwise convolutions.
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+
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+ ## Results
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+ The following table shows LaMini training results with the baseline and the optimized versions. From left to right: experiment label, model name, number of transformer decoder layers, intermediate dimensions, number of non-embedding parameters, training loss and validation loss.
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+
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+ | label | model | layers | interm. dims. | non-emb. params. | % | Train Loss | Val. Loss |
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+ |:-----:|:------:|:-------:|:-------------:|:----------------:|:---:|:----------:|:----------:|
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+ | [JP47D54C](https://github.com/joaopauloschuler/less-parameters-llm/tree/main/raw/JP47D54C_Baseline_2T.ipynb) | phi-3 | 2 | 8192 | [227M](https://huggingface.co/schuler/experimental-JP47D54C) | | **1.08** | 1.58 |
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+ | [JP47D55C](https://github.com/joaopauloschuler/less-parameters-llm/tree/main/raw/JP47D55C_kphi3_2T.ipynb) | kphi-3 | 2 | 9216 | [**35M**](https://huggingface.co/schuler/experimental-JP47D55C) | **15%** | 1.26 | 1.60 |
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+ | [JP47D56C](https://github.com/joaopauloschuler/less-parameters-llm/tree/main/raw/JP47D56C_kphi3_3T.ipynb) | kphi-3 | 3 | 9216 | [53M](https://huggingface.co/schuler/experimental-JP47D56C) | 23% | 1.21 | **1.57** |
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+
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+ ## Quick Links
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+ - [馃搫 Full Technical Report (PDF)](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/388835829_SAVING_77_OF_THE_PARAMETERS_IN_LARGE_LANGUAGE_MODELS_TECHNICAL_REPORT)
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+ - [馃 Model Checkpoints on HuggingFace](https://huggingface.co/schuler/)
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+ - [馃搳 Raw Experiment Files](https://github.com/joaopauloschuler/less-parameters-llm/tree/main/raw)
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+
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+ ## Usage:
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+ ```
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+ from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM, GenerationConfig, pipeline
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+ from transformers import LlamaTokenizer
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+ import torch
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+
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+ REPO_NAME = 'schuler/experimental-JP47D54C'
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+
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+ def load_model(local_repo_name):
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+ tokenizer = LlamaTokenizer.from_pretrained(local_repo_name, trust_remote_code=True)
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+ generator_conf = GenerationConfig.from_pretrained(local_repo_name)
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+ model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(local_repo_name, trust_remote_code=True, torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16, attn_implementation="eager")
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+ # model.to('cuda')
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+ return tokenizer, generator_conf, model
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+
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+ tokenizer, generator_conf, model = load_model(REPO_NAME)
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+ global_error = ''
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+ try:
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+ generator = pipeline("text-generation", model=model, tokenizer=tokenizer)
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+ except Exception as e:
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+ global_error = f"Failed to load model: {str(e)}"
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+
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+ def PrintTest(str):
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+ print(generator(str, max_new_tokens=256, do_sample=True, top_p=0.25, repetition_penalty=1.2))
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+
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+ PrintTest(f"<|user|>\nHello\n<|end|>\n<|assistant|>\n")
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+ PrintTest(f"<|user|>Hello\n<|end|><|assistant|>")
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+ PrintTest(f"<|user|>\nWhat is the human body?\n<|end|>\n<|assistant|>\n")
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+ PrintTest(f"<|user|>What is the human body?\n<|end|><|assistant|>")
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+ PrintTest(f"<|user|>What is biology?\n<|end|><|assistant|>")
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+ PrintTest(f"<|user|>Can you comment about democracy?\n<|end|><|assistant|>")
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+ PrintTest(f"<|user|>Can you provide detailed comments about the concept of democracy?\n<|end|><|assistant|>")
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+ PrintTest(f"<|user|>Please give me a detailed description of the python computer language.\n<|end|><|assistant|>")
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+ PrintTest(f"<|user|>If you had a difficult task to complete, how would you complete it?\n<|end|><|assistant|>")
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+ PrintTest(f"<|user|>Before replying to my question, I would like you to provide two candidate solutions and do some reflexion about these solution. Then, you'll pick the best as the final reply. What is best: eating healthy or eating economically?\n<|end|><|assistant|>")
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+ ```
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+
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+ ## Output Examples
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+ ```
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+ ```
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+
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+ ## Citing this Model
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+ ```
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+ @article{SchulerRojas_2025,
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+ title={Saving 77% of the Parameters in Large Language Models Technical Report},
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+ url={https://www.researchgate.net/publication/388835829_SAVING_77_OF_THE_PARAMETERS_IN_LARGE_LANGUAGE_MODELS_TECHNICAL_REPORT},
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+ author={Schwarz Schuler, Joao Paulo and Rojas G贸mez, Alejandra},
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+ year={2025}}
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+ ```