Guru’ must be God himself and he need to born as a man and teach the followers a good way the same teaching also found in the Bible. Jesus God himself born as a ‘Guru’ and thought his students or followers the eternal way of or path of eternal life.
Poets recreate their innermost feelings in the minds of the readers through their poems. In addition, the vast majority of occasional verses sung on poets’ own emotions. They are therefore classified as autobiographical poems. In these songs, poets not only write about the beauty of nature but also about their experiences of life and the literary world. Literature composed of pleasure, humour, carefree contentment, and the emotions of fear, sadness, anxiety, pain, rivalry, jealousy, frustration, and struggle are largely discussed in the occasional verses of medieval literature. The role of literature in the sociological and psychological analysis of the everyday life problems of poets becomes an integral part of their themes. How do the problems that this society affect the soul of an individual? In it, one can learn from the literature of the time. The success of the creators is that they create the best literature related to human life. Further, the uniqueness and personality of a poet are known by the excellence of his or her conceptual style. This article studies the verses that have been excluded from the history of Tamil literature, and known as the "Occasional Verses Collection (Single Anthology)".
Our Tamil land has a rich history of art and culture. The popularly known ‘Muthamizh’ namely ‘Iyal’ – text or poetry, ‘Isai’ – music and ‘Nadagam’ – theatre has undergone various changes over a period of time due to various social and political factors in the society. Nevertheless, there are few art forms which follow the tradition with its original flavour. One such is the ‘Bhagavata Mela Nadakam’ which is an art form systemized during the Marata’s empire. This research work talks about it in detail. Marata’s period (17th to 19th century AD) is believed to be the glorious period for many art forms. During this period Bhagavata Mela gained its popularity with the patronage of the kings. With the support of literary evidences this research work aims at a detailed study of the patronage extended by the kings and about the growth of Bhagavata Mela and how it was systemized. Marata period plays a very important role for the growth of ‘Bhagavata Mela’. This work gives a detailed study on the systematic approach followed in Bhagavata Mela. An authority supervised the performing artist. There were certain rules to be strictly followed by the artist. They were honored with various titles and gifts, even with pieces of land sometimes. The Bhagavata Mela artists were also appointed as poets in King’s court during the Marata period. There are more such interesting facts. This research deals with the complete study of the evolution and growth of the Bhavata Mela during the Marata period including such interesting information.
Contributions of Tamil Bhakti poets to the literature have been significant in the past along with the contributions that they made to the social upliftment of the society. Ramavataram, popularly referred to as Kamba Ramayanam, is a Tamil epic that was written by the Tamil poet Kambar based on sanskrit version of Valmiki Ramayanam that describes the life of King Rama of Ayodhya. In this epic Hanuman is a imporatant character. The Tamil poet Kachiyappa sivachariyar greatest composition is the Kandha puranam based on sanskrit version of Sivasankara sangithai. The great warrior Veerabagu Dhevar is close associate of Lord Muruga. This article mainly focuses on stunning similarities between the supernatural powers of the ardent devotee, dedicated Hanuman described in Kamba Ramayanam and Veerabagu Dhevar in kandha puranam.
As members of Dravidian family of Languages, Kannada and Tamil are close to each other. Apart from linguistic and grammatical similarities there are comparable elements in literary texts also. There are similar motifs and themes in Ancient Kannada and Tamil literary works. Though a few studies have concentrated in the similarities of Kannada and Tamil grammars, very little is done on the similar features of literary works. This paper makes an attempt to bring out a surprising motif of ghosts that occur in Ancient Kannada and Tamil texts. Tolkappiyam is an early grammatical work in Tamil and date of which is believed to be from 1 to 3 AD. This book speaks of a concept of ‘Thodakkaanji’. This concept is explained by commentators as not allowing the evil spirit to eat the body of the hero who died during a war. The same concept, though the technical term to denote the concept is absent, is present in the Kannada text ‘Sahasa Bheema Vijaya or Gadhayuddha’ by the Ranna, who belongs to the tenth century. While the theme of the narration centers around the battle of maces between Bhima and Duryodhana on the last day of the eighteen-day war, the poet uses a technique similar to flashbacks. This technic we can see in Tamil as a “Singanokku” which is used in grammar text to explain the ‘noorpaa’. Ranna the Kannada poet gives the details of an incident of the war field where the dead leader’s body is guarded from evil spirits/ ghosts by the fellow warriors whose wounds are less fatal. Tolkappiyam is an earlier work and Ranna’s work is late period. But that the particular theme of Thodakkanchi occurs in the Kannada and Tamil contexts merits mention and study a rare example which has not been brought out by anybody so far. Such similar points of comparison are brought out elaborately in this article.
Since ancient times, as Tamil and Sanskrit have been exchanging cultural practices, there are similarities in literary and grammatical principles. Many of Tholkappiyar’s literary principles about Meyppadu in aesthetics are found in Bharadhar’s the Sanskrit literary theorist too, who came after Tholkappiyar, in the north. The eight occasions where Meyppadu occurs, according to Tholkappiyar, are seen in Bharadhar’s also. As per Bharadhar Meyppadu is action. The base for the occurrence of these actions is feeling. Rasa is a feeling. Bhava is a Meyppadu. Feeling breaks out of Meyppadu. Bharadhar’s eight Bhavas are comparable with Tholkappiyar’s eight Meyppadu’s. The aim of the study is to prove that Bharadhar’s theory of Rasa in Sanskrit is a follow up of Tholkappiyar’s literary Meyppadu.
Kilavi - individual word is combined to form a language. Communication took place even when language did not originate and develop. In the early days, he changed the information by making sounds, smoking and gestures. Language is still a tool to convey its opinion to others. The concept of a man's characteristic interests revolves among the community through the words he can speak. Man is distinguished from other species by his ability to speak and discern. The thoughts in the heart take the form of sound and become the language. This language has many internal material concepts.
Kambar one of the great epic story writer. In his one epic gives more importance about marine aquatic animals and their life styles. He also sang naturals beauty things like trees, animals, reptiles and give more or less, information about 50 types of birds. He tells about both animals and birds, but particular give clear information related to birds. His information almost related to sangam literature works. So this present work give information about aquatic birds and their life habits based on kambar’s given information.
The novel is one of the brand new arts acquired by Tamils ​​due to European contact and learning English. In storytelling for Tamils ​​since ancient times; there is involvement. However, the literary form of the novel became known to the people only after learning English novels. As a result, AD.Novels may have appeared in Tamil in the late nineteenth century. By the time the first novel appeared in Tamil, Tamils ​​were well versed in education. So the number of scholars was increasing. Tamils ​​learned to speak English along with Tamil. It is easy for people to move from one place to another due to the convenience of the train. A number of printing presses appeared and printed texts. Thus diminishing the influence of poetry influence of prose grew. These were the reasons for the origin of the Tamil novel and its subsequent development. The novels thus multiplied into science fiction, science fiction, enlightenment novel, Gandhian novel, Marxist novel, social novels, social novels, and historical novels. The purpose of this article is to examine the nature of historical novels and Kalki's contribution to them.
Arunthathiyar (Arunthathiyar) or the Cobbler (Chakkiliyar) called the Indian states of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana regions, which lives in the list, caste -based, are an ethnic group. These are called Dalits. In Tamil Nadu, Arundhatiyar, Sakkiliyar, Madari, Adi Andhra, Pakadai, Madhika and Thottin are also known by some other names. Out of the 18% reservation given to the downtrodden people in Tamil Nad