{
    "56be4db0acb8001400a502ec": "Super Bowl 50",
    "56be4db0acb8001400a502ed": "Super Bowl 50",
    "56be4db0acb8001400a502ee": "50.",
    "56be4db0acb8001400a502ef": "Super Bowl 50 was",
    "56be4db0acb8001400a502f0": "As this was the 50th Super Bowl",
    "56be8e613aeaaa14008c90d1": ".",
    "56be8e613aeaaa14008c90d2": ".",
    "56be8e613aeaaa14008c90d3": "The American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos",
    "56bea9923aeaaa14008c91b9": ".",
    "56bea9923aeaaa14008c91ba": "s 24\u201310 to earn their third Super Bowl title.",
    "56bea9923aeaaa14008c91bb": "The game was played on February 7, 2016,",
    "56beace93aeaaa14008c91df": "Super Bowl 50 was",
    "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e0": "50.",
    "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e1": "50.",
    "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e2": "under which the game would have been known as \"Super Bowl L\"),",
    "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e3": "Super Bowl 50",
    "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94fd": "24\u201310 to earn their third Super Bowl title.",
    "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94fe": "50.",
    "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94ff": "at Levi's Stadium in the San Francisco Bay Area at Santa Clara, California.",
    "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c9500": ".",
    "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c9501": "Super Bowl 50 was",
    "56d20362e7d4791d009025e8": ".",
    "56d20362e7d4791d009025e9": "Denver Broncos defeated the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Carolina Panthers",
    "56d20362e7d4791d009025ea": "Denver Broncos defeated the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Carolina Panthers",
    "56d20362e7d4791d009025eb": "Super Bowl 50 was",
    "56d600e31c85041400946eae": "2015 season.",
    "56d600e31c85041400946eb0": "50.",
    "56d600e31c85041400946eb1": "50.",
    "56d9895ddc89441400fdb50e": ".",
    "56d9895ddc89441400fdb510": "Super Bowl 50",
    "56be4e1facb8001400a502f6": ".",
    "56be4e1facb8001400a502f9": "have made eight appearances in the Super Bowl.",
    "56be4e1facb8001400a502fa": "1995.",
    "56beaa4a3aeaaa14008c91c2": "l.",
    "56beaa4a3aeaaa14008c91c3": "have made eight appearances in the Super Bowl.",
    "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91e9": "They defeated the Arizona Cardinals 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game and",
    "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ea": "They defeated the Arizona Cardinals 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game",
    "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91eb": ".",
    "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ec": "our teams that have made eight appearances in the Super Bowl.",
    "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ed": "the NFL Most Valuable Player (MVP).",
    "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c9507": "The Panthers finished the regular season with a 15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton",
    "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c9508": ".",
    "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c9509": "The Broncos fin",
    "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c950a": "our teams that have made eight appearances in the Super Bowl.",
    "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c950b": "a chance to defend their title from Super Bowl XLIX by defeating them 20\u201318",
    "56d2045de7d4791d009025f3": "The Panthers finished the regular season with a 15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton",
    "56d2045de7d4791d009025f4": "ounded in 1995.",
    "56d2045de7d4791d009025f5": "have made eight appearances in the Super Bowl.",
    "56d2045de7d4791d009025f6": "ounded in 1995.",
    "56d6017d1c85041400946ebe": ".",
    "56d6017d1c85041400946ec1": "The",
    "56d6017d1c85041400946ec2": "They defeated the Arizona Cardinals 49\u201315 in the NFC Championship Game",
    "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52a": "the NFL Most Valuable Player (MVP).",
    "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52b": "ounded in 1995.",
    "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52e": "The Panthers",
    "56be4eafacb8001400a50302": "Den",
    "56be4eafacb8001400a50303": "Denver linebacker",
    "56be4eafacb8001400a50304": "which they recovered for a touchdown.",
    "56beab833aeaaa14008c91d2": "Denver linebacker Von Miller",
    "56beab833aeaaa14008c91d3": "Denver linebacker",
    "56beab833aeaaa14008c91d4": "Newton was limited by Denver's defense,",
    "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f4": "which sacked him seven times",
    "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f5": "Den",
    "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f6": "which they recovered for a touchdown.",
    "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f7": "Denver linebacker",
    "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9511": "wn.",
    "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9513": "Denver linebacker",
    "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9514": "Denver linebacker",
    "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9515": ".",
    "56d204ade7d4791d00902603": "Denver linebacker",
    "56d204ade7d4791d00902604": ".",
    "56d601e41c85041400946ece": "The Broncos took an early lead in Super Bowl 50",
    "56d601e41c85041400946ecf": "which sacked him seven times and forced him into three turnovers",
    "56d601e41c85041400946ed0": "which they recovered for a touchdown.",
    "56d601e41c85041400946ed1": "The Broncos took an early lead in Super Bowl 50 and never trailed.",
    "56d601e41c85041400946ed2": "which they recovered for a touchdown.",
    "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53b": ".",
    "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53c": "which they recovered for a touchdown.",
    "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53d": "Denver linebacker",
    "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53e": "Denver linebacker",
    "56be5333acb8001400a5030a": "CBS broadcast Super Bowl 50 in the U.S.",
    "56be5333acb8001400a5030b": "$5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game.",
    "56be5333acb8001400a5030c": ".",
    "56be5333acb8001400a5030d": "The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was head",
    "56be5333acb8001400a5030e": "It was the third-most watched U.S. broadcast ever.",
    "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c91fd": "It was the third-most watched U.S. broadcast ever.",
    "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c91fe": "$5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game.",
    "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c91ff": "who headlined the Super Bowl XLVII and Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show",
    "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c9200": "who head",
    "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c9201": "It was the third-most watched U.S. broadcast ever.",
    "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951b": "CBS broadcast Super Bowl 50",
    "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951c": "It was the third-most watched U.S. broadcast ever.",
    "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951e": "It was the third-most watched U.S. broadcast ever.",
    "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951f": "It was the third-most watched U.S. broadcast ever.",
    "56d2051ce7d4791d00902608": "It was the third-most watched U.S. broadcast ever.",
    "56d2051ce7d4791d00902609": "e.",
    "56d2051ce7d4791d0090260a": "It was the third-most watched U.S. broadcast ever.",
    "56d2051ce7d4791d0090260b": "The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay with",
    "56d602631c85041400946ed8": "CBS broadcast Super Bowl 50",
    "56d602631c85041400946eda": ".",
    "56d602631c85041400946edb": "The Super Bowl 50",
    "56d602631c85041400946edc": "The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was head",
    "56d98c53dc89441400fdb544": "It was the third-most watched U.S. broadcast ever.",
    "56d98c53dc89441400fdb545": ".",
    "56d98c53dc89441400fdb546": "The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was head",
    "56d98c53dc89441400fdb548": "respectively.",
    "56be53b8acb8001400a50314": ".",
    "56be53b8acb8001400a50315": "that it would be \"an important game for us as a league\".",
    "56be53b8acb8001400a50316": "that it would be \"an important game for us as a league\".",
    "56beafca3aeaaa14008c9207": "that it would be \"an important game for us as a league\".",
    "56beafca3aeaaa14008c9208": "that it would be \"an important game for us as a league\".",
    "56bf42f53aeaaa14008c95a3": "In early 2012",
    "56d2053ae7d4791d00902610": "and that it would be \"an important game for us as a league\".",
    "56d6edd00d65d21400198250": "and that it would be \"an important game for us as a league\".",
    "56d6edd00d65d21400198251": "that it would be \"an important game for us as a league\".",
    "56d98d0adc89441400fdb54e": "that it would be \"an important game for us as a league\".",
    "56d98d0adc89441400fdb54f": "that it would be \"an important game for us as a league\".",
    "56be5438acb8001400a5031a": ".",
    "56be5438acb8001400a5031b": ".",
    "56be5438acb8001400a5031c": ".",
    "56beb03c3aeaaa14008c920b": "Miami's Sun Life Stadium, and the San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium.",
    "56beb03c3aeaaa14008c920d": "the San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium.",
    "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9580": ".",
    "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9581": ".",
    "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9582": ".",
    "56d20564e7d4791d00902612": ".",
    "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198254": ".",
    "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198255": ".",
    "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198256": ".",
    "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198257": "The league eventually narrowed",
    "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198258": "the San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium.",
    "56d98db6dc89441400fdb552": ".",
    "56d98db6dc89441400fdb553": ".",
    "56d98db6dc89441400fdb554": ".",
    "56be54bdacb8001400a50322": "that the two finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium.",
    "56be54bdacb8001400a50323": "The South Florida/Miami area has previously hosted the event 10 times",
    "56be54bdacb8001400a50324": "The",
    "56be54bdacb8001400a50325": "The South Florida/Miami area has previously hosted the event 10 times",
    "56be54bdacb8001400a50326": "The San Francisco Bay Area las",
    "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921b": "that the two finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium.",
    "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921c": "that the two finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium.",
    "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921d": ".",
    "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921e": "chances.",
    "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921f": "The",
    "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9525": "ces.",
    "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9526": "that the two finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium.",
    "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9528": "re Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium.",
    "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9529": "The Miami bid depended on whether the stadium underwent renovations.",
    "56d6ef6a0d65d21400198260": "The San Francisco Bay Area",
    "56d6ef6a0d65d21400198262": "being Super Bowl XLIV in 2010.",
    "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb558": "that the two finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium.",
    "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb559": "that the two finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium.",
    "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55a": "The South Florida",
    "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55b": "The San Francisco Bay Area las",
    "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55c": "that the two finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium.",
    "56be5523acb8001400a5032c": "awarded the game to Levi's Stadium.",
    "56be5523acb8001400a5032d": ".",
    "56be5523acb8001400a5032e": "The $1.2 billion stadium opened in 2014.",
    "56be5523acb8001400a5032f": "e to Levi's Stadium.",
    "56be5523acb8001400a50330": "the first in California since Super Bowl XXXVII took place in San Diego in 2003.",
    "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9225": ".",
    "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9226": "e to Levi's Stadium.",
    "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9227": "e to Levi's Stadium.",
    "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9228": "2003.",
    "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9229": "2003.",
    "56bf23363aeaaa14008c952f": "e to Levi's Stadium.",
    "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9530": "The $1.2 billion stadium opened in 2014.",
    "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9531": "It is the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area since Super Bowl XIX in 1985,",
    "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9532": "It is the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area",
    "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9533": "and the first in California since Super Bowl XXXVII took place in San Diego in 2003.",
    "56d6f0770d65d21400198268": "It is the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area since Super Bowl XIX in 1985,",
    "56d6f0770d65d21400198269": "The $1.2 billion stadium opened in 2014.",
    "56d6f0770d65d2140019826a": "and the first in California since Super Bowl XXXVII took place in San Diego in 2003.",
    "56d6f0770d65d2140019826c": ".",
    "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb562": "e to Levi's Stadium.",
    "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb563": "The $1.2 billion stadium opened in 2014.",
    "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb564": "e to Levi's Stadium.",
    "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb565": "and the first in California since Super Bowl XXXVII took place in San Diego in 2003.",
    "56be572b3aeaaa14008c9052": "John Fox in their last Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50.",
    "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c922f": "The Carolina Panthers",
    "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9230": "being Super Bowl XXXVIII.",
    "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9231": "l 50.",
    "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9232": "John Fox in their last Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50.",
    "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9233": "Coincidentally,",
    "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c9539": "Coincidentally,",
    "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953a": "The Carolina Panthers",
    "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953c": "the number one seeds from both conferences met in the Super Bowl.",
    "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953d": "The Carolina Panthers",
    "56d6f1190d65d21400198272": "the number one seeds from both conferences met in the Super Bowl.",
    "56d6f1190d65d21400198273": ".",
    "56d6f1190d65d21400198274": "John Fox in their last Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50.",
    "56d6f1190d65d21400198275": "John Fox in their last Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50.",
    "56d6f1190d65d21400198276": "The Carolina Panthers",
    "56d99179dc89441400fdb56c": "John Fox in their last Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50.",
    "56d99179dc89441400fdb56d": "ior to Super Bowl 50.",
    "56d99179dc89441400fdb570": "John Fox in their last Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50.",
    "56be59683aeaaa14008c9058": "Despite wai",
    "56be59683aeaaa14008c9059": "DeAngelo Williams and losing top wide receiver Kelvin Benjamin to a torn ACL in the preseason",
    "56be59683aeaaa14008c905a": "1978",
    "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923d": "1978",
    "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923e": "Wi",
    "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923f": ".",
    "56beb3083aeaaa14008c9240": "Ten",
    "56beb3083aeaaa14008c9241": "DeAngelo Williams and losing top wide receiver Kelvin Benjamin to a torn ACL in the preseason",
    "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9543": "1978",
    "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9544": "kers.",
    "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9545": "the 13\u20130 record previously shared with the 2009 New Orleans Saints and the 2011 Green Bay Packers",
    "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9547": "DeAngelo Williams and losing top wide receiver Kelvin Benjamin to a torn ACL in the preseason",
    "56d6f2000d65d2140019827c": "DeAngelo Williams and losing top wide receiver Kelvin Benjamin to a torn ACL in the preseason",
    "56d6f2000d65d2140019827d": ".",
    "56d6f2000d65d2140019827e": "1978.",
    "56d6f2000d65d2140019827f": "Ten",
    "56d9943fdc89441400fdb576": "the Carolina Panthers had their best regular season in franchise history,",
    "56d9943fdc89441400fdb577": "1978.",
    "56d9943fdc89441400fdb578": "but also posting the best start to a season by an NFC team in NFL history",
    "56d9943fdc89441400fdb57a": "Ten",
    "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9247": "The Panthers offense",
    "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9248": "45 total touchdowns (35 passing, 10 rushing),",
    "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9249": "Cam Newton had one of his best seasons, throwing for 3,837 yards and rushing for 636,",
    "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c924a": ".",
    "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c924b": "Newton's leading receivers were tight end",
    "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960b": "Pro Bowl quarterback",
    "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960c": "Cam Newton had one of his best seasons, throwing for 3,837 yards and rushing for 636,",
    "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960d": "Newton's leading receivers were tight end Greg Olsen",
    "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960e": "Ot",
    "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960f": "al",
    "56d6f2960d65d21400198286": "The Panthers",
    "56d6f2960d65d21400198287": ".",
    "56d6f2960d65d21400198288": ".",
    "56d6f2960d65d21400198289": ".",
    "56d6f2960d65d2140019828a": "who led the team with 989 rushing yards and six touchdowns in 13 games,",
    "56d997cddc89441400fdb586": "Carolina's offensive line also featured two Pro Bowl selections",
    "56d997cddc89441400fdb587": "ts for 277 yards.",
    "56d997cddc89441400fdb588": ".",
    "56d997cddc89441400fdb589": ".",
    "56d997cddc89441400fdb58a": ".",
    "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925b": "The Panthers",
    "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925c": "The Panthers line also featured veteran defensive end Jared Allen,",
    "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925d": "ly.",
    "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925e": ".",
    "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925f": "the team in sacks with 11",
    "56d6f3500d65d21400198290": "The Panther",
    "56d6f3500d65d21400198291": ".",
    "56d6f3500d65d21400198292": ".",
    "56d6f3500d65d21400198293": "Davis compiled 5\u00bd sacks, four forced fumbles, and four interceptions",
    "56d6f3500d65d21400198294": "wns.",
    "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59c": "wns.",
    "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59e": "who had 5 sacks in just 9 starts.",
    "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59f": "wh",
    "56d9992fdc89441400fdb5a0": "two of which were returned for touchdowns.",
    "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9265": "John Fox",
    "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9266": "was benched after throwing four interceptions in favor of backup quarterback Brock Osweiler",
    "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9267": "who took over as the starter for most of the remainder of the regular season.",
    "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9268": "who took over as the starter for most of the remainder of the regular season.",
    "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9269": "the Denver Broncos",
    "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954d": "the Denver Broncos underwent numerous coaching changes",
    "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954e": "including a mutual parting with head coach John Fox",
    "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954f": "er, and the simple fact that Manning was getting old, as he turned 39 in the 2015 off-season.",
    "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c9550": "that Manning was getting old, as he turned 39 in the 2015 off-season.",
    "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c9551": "Manning suffered a partial tear of the plantar fasciitis in his left foot.",
    "56d6f4030d65d2140019829a": "including a mutual parting with head coach John Fox",
    "56d6f4030d65d2140019829b": "who took over as the starter for most of the remainder of the regular season.",
    "56d6f4030d65d2140019829c": "who took over as the starter for most of the remainder of the regular season.",
    "56d6f4030d65d2140019829d": "as he turned 39 in the 2015 off-season.",
    "56d6f4030d65d2140019829e": "in the 2015 off-season.",
    "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5c8": "was benched after throwing four interceptions in favor of backup quarterback Brock Osweiler",
    "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5c9": "ck Osweiler, wh",
    "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5ca": ".",
    "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5cb": "Manning suffered a partial tear of the plantar fasciitis in his left foot.",
    "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5cc": "in the 2015 off-season.",
    "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c9279": "Manning",
    "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927a": "Manning",
    "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927b": "s, with 17 interceptions. In contrast, Osweiler",
    "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927c": "Manning",
    "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927d": "s.",
    "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956b": "Manning finished the year with a career-low 67",
    "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956c": "Manning",
    "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956d": "with 17 interceptions.",
    "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956e": "Manning finished the year with a career-low",
    "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956f": "Veteran receiver Demaryius Thomas led",
    "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a4": "Manning",
    "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a5": "Manning finished the year with a career-low",
    "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a6": "Veteran receiver Demaryius Thomas led",
    "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a7": "Running back Ronnie Hillman al",
    "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d6": "Manning",
    "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d7": "with 17 interceptions.",
    "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d8": "punts.",
    "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d9": "Running back C. J. Anderson was the",
    "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5da": "a 4.7 yards per carry average.",
    "56beb6533aeaaa14008c928d": "The Broncos' defense ranked first in the NFL yards allowed (",
    "56beb6533aeaaa14008c928e": "Derek Wolfe and Malik Jackson each had 5\u00bd sacks.",
    "56beb6533aeaaa14008c9290": "Linebacker Brandon Marshall led the team in total tackles with 109",
    "56beb6533aeaaa14008c9291": "Cornerbacks Aqib Talib (three interception",
    "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c9588": "Linebacker DeMarcus",
    "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c9589": "Linebacker Brandon Marshall led the team in total tackles with 109, wh",
    "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c958b": "Defensive ends Derek Wolfe and Malik Jackson each had 5\u00bd sacks.",
    "56d6fea90d65d214001982ae": "(296).",
    "56d6fea90d65d214001982af": "Pro Bowl",
    "56d6fea90d65d214001982b0": "Linebacker Brandon Marshall led the team in total tackles with 109, wh",
    "56d6fea90d65d214001982b2": "Cornerbacks Aqib Talib (three interceptions) and",
    "56d99da8dc89441400fdb5fd": ".",
    "56d99da8dc89441400fdb5ff": "Linebacker Brandon Marshall led",
    "56d99da8dc89441400fdb600": "Defensive ends Derek Wolfe and Malik Jackson each had 5\u00bd sacks.",
    "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a1": "The Panthers beat the Seattle Seahawks",
    "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a2": ".",
    "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a3": "racking up 487 yards and forcing seven turnovers.",
    "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a4": "turnovers.",
    "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a5": ".",
    "56bf34293aeaaa14008c9559": ".",
    "56bf34293aeaaa14008c955a": "The Panthers then blew out the Arizona Cardinals in the NFC Championship Game",
    "56bf34293aeaaa14008c955b": "racking up 487 yards and forcing seven turnovers.",
    "56d701280d65d214001982b8": "The Panthers beat the Seattle Seahawks",
    "56d701280d65d214001982ba": "The Panthers beat the Seattle Seahawks",
    "56d701280d65d214001982bc": ".",
    "56d99e78dc89441400fdb616": "The Panthers beat the Seattle Seahawks",
    "56d99e78dc89441400fdb618": "turnovers.",
    "56d99e78dc89441400fdb619": ".",
    "56d99e78dc89441400fdb61a": "s.",
    "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ab": "The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers in the divisional round,",
    "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ac": "The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh",
    "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ad": "They then beat the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion New England Patriots",
    "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ae": "They then beat the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion New England Patriots",
    "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92af": "Despite Manning",
    "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9561": "The Broncos defea",
    "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9562": ".",
    "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9563": "They then beat the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion New England Patriots",
    "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9564": "Despite Manning's problems with interceptions during the season,",
    "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9565": "he didn't throw any in their two playoff games.",
    "56d7018a0d65d214001982c2": "The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers",
    "56d7018a0d65d214001982c3": "11 points in the final three minutes of the game.",
    "56d7018a0d65d214001982c5": "They then beat the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion New England Patriots",
    "56d99f99dc89441400fdb628": "The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers",
    "56d99f99dc89441400fdb629": ".",
    "56d99f99dc89441400fdb62c": "They then beat the defending Super Bowl XLIX champion New England Patriots",
    "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b5": ".",
    "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b6": "with a broken arm in the NFC Championship Game.",
    "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b7": "went down with a broken arm in the NFC Championship Game.",
    "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b8": ".",
    "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9575": ".",
    "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9576": ".",
    "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9577": ".",
    "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9579": "Despite this, he insisted he would still find a way to play in the Super Bowl.",
    "56d703d10d65d214001982d6": ".",
    "56d703d10d65d214001982d7": "Thomas Davis, an 11-year veteran who had already overcome three ACL tears",
    "56d703d10d65d214001982d8": "went down with a broken arm in the NFC Championship Game.",
    "56d9a026dc89441400fdb632": ".",
    "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92bd": "He is also the oldest quarterback ever to play in a Super Bowl at age 39.",
    "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92be": "He is also the oldest quarterback ever to play in a Super Bowl at age 39.",
    "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92bf": "The past record was held by John Elway,",
    "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92c0": "who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII",
    "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92c1": "who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38 and",
    "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9591": "The past record was held by John Elway,",
    "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9592": "Denver's Executive Vice President of Football Operations and General Manager.",
    "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9593": "The past record was held by John Elway,",
    "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9594": "He is also the oldest quarterback ever to play in a Super Bowl at age 39.",
    "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9595": "He is also the oldest quarterback ever to play in a Super Bowl at age 39.",
    "56d704430d65d214001982de": ".",
    "56d704430d65d214001982e0": "He is also the oldest quarterback ever to play in a Super Bowl at age 39.",
    "56d704430d65d214001982e1": "He is also the oldest quarterback ever to play in a Super Bowl at age 39.",
    "56d704430d65d214001982e2": "He is also the oldest quarterback ever to play in a Super Bowl at age 39",
    "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb63e": "He is also the oldest quarterback ever to play in a Super Bowl at age 39.",
    "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb63f": "He is also the oldest quarterback ever to play in a Super Bowl at age 39.",
    "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb640": "and is currently Denver's Executive Vice President of Football Operations and General Manager.",
    "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c7": "Manning was the #1 selection of the 1998 NFL draft",
    "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c8": "Manning was the #1 selection of the 1998 NFL draft, while Newton was picked first in 2011.",
    "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c9": "Newton was picked first in 2011",
    "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92ca": "Manning was the #1 selection of the 1998 NFL draft, while Newton was picked first in 2011.",
    "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92cb": "who was the #1 pick in their draft classes.",
    "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959b": "Manning was the #1 selection of the 1998 NFL draft, while Newton was picked first in 2011.",
    "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959c": "Manning was the #1 selection of the 1998 NFL draft, while Newton was picked first in 2011.",
    "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959d": "Newton was picked first in 2011",
    "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959e": "26).",
    "56d7096b0d65d214001982fc": "Manning was the #1 selection of the 1998 NFL draft, while Newton was picked first in 2011.",
    "56d7096b0d65d214001982fd": "Newton was picked first in 2011.",
    "56d7096b0d65d214001982fe": "who was the #1 pick in their draft classes.",
    "56d9a199dc89441400fdb647": "while Newton was picked first in 2011.",
    "56d9a199dc89441400fdb648": "Newton was picked first in 2011",
    "56d9a199dc89441400fdb649": "Manning was 39, Newton was 26).",
    "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92db": "in which both head coaches played in the game themselves.",
    "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92dc": "elves.",
    "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92dd": "which both head coaches played in the game themselves.",
    "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92de": "Kubiak rep",
    "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92df": ".",
    "56bf6c3e3aeaaa14008c9615": "which both head coaches played in the game themselves.",
    "56bf6c3e3aeaaa14008c9617": ".",
    "56d709ef0d65d21400198306": "in which both head coaches played in the game themselves.",
    "56d709ef0d65d21400198307": "which both head coaches played in the game themselves.",
    "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e5": ".",
    "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e6": "Levi's Stadium's field was of a high enough quality to host a Super Bowl;",
    "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e7": "Ed Mangan stated that the field was in \"great shape\" for gameday.",
    "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e8": "out the game.",
    "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e9": "Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker",
    "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a5": "However, the turf showed problem throughout the game, with a number of players",
    "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a6": "However, the turf showed problem throughout the game, with a number of players needing",
    "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a7": "As is customary for Super Bowl games played at natural grass stadiums",
    "56d70adc0d65d21400198311": "Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker",
    "56d70adc0d65d21400198312": "As is customary for Super Bowl games played at natural grass stadiums,",
    "56d70adc0d65d21400198313": "Levi's Stadium's field was of a high enough quality to host a Super Bowl;",
    "56d70adc0d65d21400198314": "with a number of players needing to change their cleats dur",
    "56d9a419dc89441400fdb678": "However, the turf showed problem throughout the game, with a number of players needing",
    "56d9a419dc89441400fdb679": "As is customary for Super Bowl games play",
    "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92f9": "white as the designated home team in the Super Bowl was the Pittsburgh Steelers;",
    "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fa": "which was their primary color at the time.",
    "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fb": "They also lost Super Bowl XXI wh",
    "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fc": "would wear their standard home uniform: black jerseys with silver pants.",
    "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fd": "Elway's last game as Denver QB,",
    "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ab": "Elway's last game as Denver QB,",
    "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ac": "which was their primary color at the time.",
    "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ae": "Denver wore blue jerseys, which was their primary color at the time.",
    "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95af": "Elway stated, \"We've had Super Bowl success in our white uniforms.",
    "56d70ccc0d65d2140019831d": "the Broncos elected to wear their road white jerseys with matching white pants.",
    "56d70ccc0d65d2140019831f": "The",
    "56d9a637dc89441400fdb697": "s.",
    "56d9a637dc89441400fdb698": "which was their primary color at the time.",
    "56d9a637dc89441400fdb699": "Denver wore blue jerseys, which was their primary color at the time.",
    "56d9a637dc89441400fdb69a": "Denver wore blue jerseys, which was their primary color at the time.",
    "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9303": "The Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott.",
    "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9304": "The Broncos practiced at Stanford University and stayed at the Santa Clara Marriott.",
    "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9305": "The Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott.",
    "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9306": ". The Broncos practiced at Stanford University and stayed at the Santa Clara Marriott.",
    "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b5": "The Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott.",
    "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b6": "The Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott.",
    "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b7": "The Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott.",
    "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b8": "The Broncos practiced at Stanford University and stayed at the Santa Clara Marriott.",
    "56d70d240d65d21400198326": "The Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott.",
    "56d70d240d65d21400198327": "The Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott.",
    "56d70d240d65d21400198328": "The Broncos practiced at Stanford University and stayed at the Santa Clara Marriott.",
    "56d70d240d65d21400198329": "Marriott.",
    "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a0": "The Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott.",
    "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a1": "The Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott.",
    "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a2": "The Broncos practiced at Stanford University and stayed at the Santa Clara Marriott.",
    "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a3": ". The Broncos practiced at Stanford University and stayed at the Santa Clara Marriott.",
    "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9315": ".",
    "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9316": "the NFL announced that the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals,",
    "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9317": "Jaime Weston",
    "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9318": "using the standardized logo template introduced at Super Bowl XLV.",
    "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9319": ".",
    "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95bd": "The use of Roman numerals will be reinstated for Super Bowl LI.",
    "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95be": "be temporarily suspended",
    "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95c0": "The use of Roman numerals will be reinstated for Super Bowl LI.",
    "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95c1": ".",
    "56d70daa0d65d21400198332": ".",
    "56d70daa0d65d21400198333": "The use of Roman numerals will be reinstated for Super Bowl LI.",
    "56d70daa0d65d21400198334": "The use of Roman numerals will be reinstated for Super Bowl LI.",
    "56d70daa0d65d21400198335": "the standard logo.",
    "56d70daa0d65d21400198336": "The use of Roman numerals will be reinstated for Super Bowl LI.",
    "56d9a7addc89441400fdb6a8": "logo template introduced at Super Bowl XLV.",
    "56d9a7addc89441400fdb6ab": "The use of Roman numerals will be reinstated for Super Bowl LI.",
    "56bebc383aeaaa14008c931f": "s.",
    "56bebc383aeaaa14008c9320": ".",
    "56bebc383aeaaa14008c9321": "the numbering of the 50-yard line on fields was",
    "56bf52483aeaaa14008c95c7": ".",
    "56bf52483aeaaa14008c95c8": "Gold footballs were given to each high school that",
    "56d70e570d65d2140019833c": "Various gold-",
    "56d70e570d65d2140019833e": "Gold footballs were given to each high school that",
    "56d70e570d65d2140019833f": "Gold",
    "56d9b01fdc89441400fdb6d4": "teams at games.",
    "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9325": ".",
    "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9326": "The annual NFL Experience was held at the Moscone Center in San Francisco.",
    "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9327": "San Francisco mayor Ed Lee said of the highly visible homeless presence in this area \"",
    "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9328": "San Francisco city supervisor Jane Kim un",
    "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9329": "In addition, \"Super Bowl City",
    "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95cb": "San Francisco.",
    "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95cc": "San",
    "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95cd": "The annual NFL Experience was held at the Moscone Center in San Francisco.",
    "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95ce": "The annual NFL Experience was held at the Moscone Center in San Francisco.",
    "56d7145c0d65d2140019834c": "The annual NFL Experience was held at the Moscone Center in San Francisco.",
    "56d7145c0d65d2140019834d": "opened on January 30 at Justin Herman Plaza on The Embarcadero,",
    "56d7145c0d65d2140019834f": "San Francisco mayor Ed Lee said of the highly visible homeless presence in this area \"",
    "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ec": "ity.",
    "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ed": "ek",
    "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ee": "Ed Lee said of the highly visible homeless presence in this area",
    "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ef": "leave\".",
    "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6f0": "The annual NFL Experience was held at the Moscone Center in San Francisco.",
    "56bebd713aeaaa14008c932f": "at Bellomy Field at Santa Clara University, and a pep rally.",
    "56bebd713aeaaa14008c9330": ".",
    "56bebd713aeaaa14008c9331": "In addition",
    "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d3": "Ad",
    "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d4": "rally.",
    "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d5": "Ad",
    "56d714cd0d65d21400198356": "In addition",
    "56d714cd0d65d21400198358": "but still may need the city council to help fund the event.",
    "56d714cd0d65d21400198359": "which has announced plans to set aside seed funding for the event.",
    "56d9b43edc89441400fdb700": "In addition",
    "56d9b43edc89441400fdb701": ".",
    "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9335": "Super Bowl Opening Night.",
    "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9336": ".",
    "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9337": ".",
    "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9338": "The event was held on February 1, 2016 at SAP Center in San Jose.",
    "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9339": ".",
    "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95d9": "as Super Bowl Opening Night.",
    "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95da": ".",
    "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95db": "The game's media day",
    "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95dc": "was moved to the Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night.",
    "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95dd": "Super Bowl Opening Night.",
    "56d71bd80d65d2140019835e": "which was typically held on the Tuesday",
    "56d71bd80d65d21400198360": "The game's media day",
    "56d71bd80d65d21400198361": "Super Bowl Opening Night.",
    "56d71bd80d65d21400198362": "player introductions on a replica of the Golden Gate Bridge.",
    "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb708": "Super Bowl Opening Night",
    "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb709": "as Super Bowl Opening Night.",
    "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70a": "Super Bowl Opening Night.",
    "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70b": "was moved to the Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night.",
    "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70c": "Super Bowl Opening Night.",
    "56bebe873aeaaa14008c933f": "For the first time, the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee",
    "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9340": ".",
    "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9341": "For the first time, the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee",
    "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9342": "For the first time, the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee",
    "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9343": ".",
    "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e3": "For the first time, the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee",
    "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e4": ".",
    "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e5": ".",
    "56d71cb60d65d21400198368": "the Super Bowl program that provides local companies with contracting opportunities in",
    "56d9b5ffdc89441400fdb720": "For the first time, the Super Bowl 50 Host Committee",
    "56d9b5ffdc89441400fdb721": "The host committee has already raised over $40 million through sponsors including Apple",
    "56bebec43aeaaa14008c9349": "25 percent of all money it raises for philanthropic causes in the Bay Area.",
    "56bebec43aeaaa14008c934a": ".",
    "56bf5abc3aeaaa14008c95e9": "it raises for philanthropic causes in the Bay Area.",
    "56bf5abc3aeaaa14008c95ea": "environments.",
    "56d71d150d65d2140019836e": "The Super Bowl 50 Host Committee has vowed to be \"the most giving Super Bowl ever",
    "56d71d150d65d2140019836f": "it raises for philanthropic causes in the Bay Area",
    "56d71d150d65d21400198370": "The committee created the 50",
    "56d9b6a3dc89441400fdb72f": "causes in the Bay Area.",
    "56d9b6a3dc89441400fdb730": ".",
    "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934d": "In addition to the Vince Lombardi Trophy",
    "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934e": "18-karat gold-plated \"",
    "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934f": "Each digit will weigh 33 lb (15 kg) for a total of 66 lb (30 kg).",
    "56bec0353aeaaa14008c9350": "Like the Lombardi Trophy, the \"50\" will be designed by Tiffany & Co.",
    "56bec0353aeaaa14008c9351": "Like the Lombardi Trophy, the \"50\" will be designed by Tiffany & Co.",
    "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95ed": ".",
    "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95ef": "Like the Lombardi Trophy, the \"50\" will be designed by Tiffany & Co.",
    "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95f1": "Like the Lombardi Trophy, the \"50\" will be designed by Tiffany & Co.",
    "56d71d9d0d65d21400198374": "In addition to the Vince Lombardi Trophy",
    "56d71d9d0d65d21400198377": "Like the Lombardi Trophy, the \"50\" will be designed by Tiffany & Co.",
    "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9357": "In the United States",
    "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9358": "The network's lead broadcast team of Jim Nantz",
    "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9359": "with Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn on the sidelines.",
    "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c935a": "s.",
    "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c935b": ".",
    "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f7": "In the United States",
    "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f8": "tion.",
    "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f9": "ed to provide a 360-degree view of plays and \"bullet time\" effects.",
    "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95fa": "the cameras were upgraded to 5K resolution.",
    "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95fb": "with Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn on the sidelines.",
    "56d71ed50d65d2140019837c": "The network's lead broadcast team of",
    "56d71ed50d65d2140019837d": "as part of a cycle between the three main broadcast television partners of the NFL.",
    "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb740": "; for Super Bowl 50, the cameras were upgraded to 5K resolution.",
    "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb741": "the cameras were upgraded to 5K resolution.",
    "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb742": "the cameras were upgraded to 5K resolution.",
    "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb743": "the cameras were upgraded to 5K resolution.",
    "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb744": "An earlier version of EyeVision was",
    "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9361": "Unlike NBC and Fox, CBS do",
    "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9362": "ES",
    "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9363": "The game was called by ESPN Deportes",
    "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9364": ".",
    "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9365": ".",
    "56bf6d343aeaaa14008c961b": "Unlike NBC and Fox, CBS do",
    "56d71fc00d65d21400198386": "to be the exclusive Spanish-language broadcaster of the game,",
    "56d71fc00d65d21400198389": "sideline reporter John Sutcliffe",
    "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb754": "marking the third dedicated Spanish-language broadcast of the Super Bowl.",
    "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb757": "marking the third dedicated Spanish-language broadcast of the Super Bowl.",
    "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb758": "The game was called by ESPN Deportes",
    "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9371": "Due to Verizon Communications exclusivity, streaming on smartphones was only provide",
    "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9372": "The ESPN Deportes Spanish broadcast was made available through WatchESPN.",
    "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9373": "CBS provided digital streams of the game via CBSSports.com,",
    "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9374": ").",
    "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9375": "ku).",
    "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c961f": "and Roku). Due",
    "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9620": ").",
    "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9621": "phones was only provided to Verizon Wireless customers via the NFL Mobile service.",
    "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9622": ").",
    "56d7205e0d65d21400198391": "Due",
    "56d7205e0d65d21400198392": "ustomers via the NFL Mobile service.",
    "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb75e": ").",
    "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb75f": "Due",
    "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb760": "The ESPN Deportes Spanish broadcast was made available through WatchESPN.",
    "56bec2573aeaaa14008c937b": "beginning with a special episode of The Late Show with Stephen Colbert following the game.",
    "56bec2573aeaaa14008c937c": "Following a break for late local programming",
    "56bf6f743aeaaa14008c9631": "beginning with a special episode of The Late Show with Stephen Colbert following the game.",
    "56bf6f743aeaaa14008c9632": "50, beginning with a special episode of The Late Show with Stephen Colbert following the game.",
    "56d720c70d65d21400198396": "50, beginning with a special episode of The Late Show with Stephen Colbert following the game.",
    "56d720c70d65d21400198397": "following the game.",
    "56d720c70d65d21400198398": "beginning with a special episode of The Late Show with Stephen Colbert following the game.",
    "56bec3153aeaaa14008c9389": "CBS set",
    "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938a": "all national advertising in pattern with the television broadcast.",
    "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938b": "Nin",
    "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938c": "the 20th anniversary of the Pok\u00e9mon video game and media franchise.",
    "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9635": "CBS set",
    "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9637": "It was al",
    "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9638": "it aired during the game.",
    "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9639": "Nintendo and The Pok\u00e9mon Company also made their Super Bowl debut",
    "56d721af0d65d2140019839e": "Nintendo and The Pok\u00e9mon Company also made their Super Bowl debut,",
    "56d721af0d65d2140019839f": "during the game at a steep discount.",
    "56d721af0d65d214001983a0": "Doritos ads for a chance to have it aired during the game.",
    "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb768": ".",
    "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb769": "it aired during the game.",
    "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb76a": "It was also the final year that Doritos",
    "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9397": "QuickBooks sponsored a \"Small Business Big Game\" contest",
    "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9398": ".",
    "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9399": ".",
    "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c939a": ".",
    "56bf71e73aeaaa14008c963f": ".",
    "56bf71e73aeaaa14008c9640": "beat out nine other contenders from across the United States for the free advertisement.",
    "56d722330d65d214001983a6": "QuickBooks",
    "56d722330d65d214001983a7": ".",
    "56d722330d65d214001983a8": ".",
    "56d9be16dc89441400fdb770": "s.",
    "56d9be16dc89441400fdb771": "ired free of charge courtesy of QuickBooks.",
    "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93a9": "Super Bowl.",
    "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93aa": "Super Bowl.",
    "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93ab": "Super Bowl.",
    "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93ac": "Super Bowl.",
    "56d723560d65d214001983ac": "Super Bowl.",
    "56d723560d65d214001983ad": "the Looking Glass.",
    "56d723560d65d214001983ae": ".",
    "56d723560d65d214001983af": "20th Century Fox",
    "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77b": "Super Bowl.",
    "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77c": "Super Bowl.",
    "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77d": "Fox",
    "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b1": "Westwood One will carry the game throughout North America",
    "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b2": "Westwood One will carry the game throughout North America",
    "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b3": "Westwood One will carry the game throughout North America",
    "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b4": "Boomer Esiason and Dan Fouts as color analysts, and",
    "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b5": "Mark Malone as sideline reporters.",
    "56bf738b3aeaaa14008c9655": ".",
    "56bf738b3aeaaa14008c9656": ".",
    "56d723ad0d65d214001983b4": "Westwood One will carry the game throughout North America",
    "56d723ad0d65d214001983b5": "Kevin Harlan as play-by-play announcer,",
    "56d723ad0d65d214001983b8": "Jim Gray will anchor the pre-game and halftime coverage.",
    "56d9c049dc89441400fdb78e": ".",
    "56d9c049dc89441400fdb78f": "Westwood One will carry the game throughout North America",
    "56d9c049dc89441400fdb790": ".",
    "56d9c049dc89441400fdb791": "Jim Gray will anchor the pre-game and halftime coverage.",
    "56d9c049dc89441400fdb792": "Westwood One will carry the game throughout North America",
    "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93cf": "In Denver,",
    "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d0": ".",
    "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d1": "which is based in Chester, South Carolina.",
    "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d2": "WB",
    "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d3": ".",
    "56d724620d65d214001983be": "with Dave Logan on play-by-play and Ed McCaffrey on color commentary.",
    "56d724620d65d214001983bf": "e, with Dave Logan on play-by-play and Ed McCaffrey on color commentary.",
    "56d724620d65d214001983c0": "which is based in Chester, South Carolina.",
    "56d724620d65d214001983c1": "In North Carolina, WBT (1110 AM) will carry the game",
    "56d9c203dc89441400fdb7a0": "all.",
    "56d9c203dc89441400fdb7a3": "all.",
    "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e3": "In the United Kingdom, BBC Radio 5 Live and 5 Live Sports Extra will carry the contest.",
    "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e4": "In the United Kingdom, BBC Radio 5 Live and 5 Live Sports Extra will carry the contest.",
    "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e5": ".",
    "56d724ea0d65d214001983c8": "In the United Kingdom, BBC Radio 5 Live and 5 Live Sports Extra will carry the contest.",
    "56d724ea0d65d214001983c9": "Greg Brady, Darren Fletcher and Rocky Boiman on commentary.",
    "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93e9": "39 of the 43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players.",
    "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ea": "Bart Starr (MVP of Super Bowls I and II) and Chuck Howley (",
    "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93eb": "2001.",
    "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ec": "No plans were announced regarding the recognition of Harvey Martin",
    "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ed": "Broncos quarterback",
    "56d7251d0d65d214001983cc": "43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players.",
    "56d7251d0d65d214001983cd": "shown in the locker room preparing for the game.",
    "56d7251d0d65d214001983cf": "who died in 2001",
    "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b4": "Most Valuable Players.",
    "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b5": "43 previous Super Bowl Most Valuable Players.",
    "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b6": "Bart",
    "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b7": "Peyton Manning (MVP of Super Bowl XLI and current Broncos quarterback)",
    "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b8": "who died in 2001",
    "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93fd": ".",
    "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93fe": ".",
    "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93ff": "Academy Award winner Marlee Matlin provided American Sign Language (ASL) translation.",
    "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c9400": "winner Marlee Matlin provided American Sign Language (ASL) translation.",
    "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c9401": ".",
    "56d20650e7d4791d00902614": "Lady Gaga performed the national anthem,",
    "56d20650e7d4791d00902615": ".",
    "56d7253b0d65d214001983d4": ".",
    "56d7253b0d65d214001983d5": ".",
    "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c4": ".",
    "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c5": "provided American Sign Language (ASL) translation.",
    "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c6": ".",
    "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940d": "On December 3, the league confirmed that the show would be head",
    "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940e": "Coldplay.",
    "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940f": "ce.",
    "56bec7353aeaaa14008c9410": "Coldplay on the single \"Hymn for the Weekend\",",
    "56bec7353aeaaa14008c9411": ".",
    "56d725790d65d214001983d8": "the halftime show.",
    "56d725790d65d214001983da": "rance.",
    "56d725790d65d214001983db": "would be making an appearance.",
    "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d0": "who head",
    "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d1": "On January 7, 2016, Pepsi confirmed to the Associated Press that Beyonc\u00e9,",
    "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d2": "on the single \"Hymn for the Weekend\",",
    "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d3": "would be making an appearance.",
    "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c9417": "Denver took the opening kickoff",
    "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c9418": "Andre Caldwell.",
    "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c9419": "Shaq Thompson tackled Ronnie Hillman for a 3-yard loss.",
    "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c941a": "Denver to settle for a 3\u20130 lead on a Brandon McManus 34-yard field goal.",
    "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c941b": "Andre Caldwell",
    "56d728a10d65d21400198413": "First, linebacker Shaq Thompson tackled Ronnie Hillman for a 3-yard loss.",
    "56d728a10d65d21400198414": "First, linebacker Shaq Thompson tackled Ronnie Hillman for a 3-yard loss.",
    "56d728a10d65d21400198415": "Andre Caldwell.",
    "56d728a10d65d21400198416": "The score marked the first time in the entire postseason that Carolina was facing a deficit.",
    "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7d8": "Andre Caldwell.",
    "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7d9": "Andre Caldwell.",
    "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7da": "C. J. Anderson moved the ball up 20 yards to the Panthers 14-yard line,",
    "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7db": "Andre Caldwell.",
    "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7dc": "The score marked the first time in the entire postseason that Carolina was facing a deficit.",
    "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942b": "CBS analyst and retired referee Mike Carey stat",
    "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942c": "but the call was ruled an incompletion and upheld after a replay challenge.",
    "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942d": "Von Miller knocked the ball out of Newton's hands while sacking him",
    "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942e": "lead.",
    "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942f": "This was the first fumble return touchdown in a Super Bowl since",
    "56d728e00d65d2140019841c": "but the call was ruled an incompletion and upheld after a replay challenge.",
    "56d728e00d65d2140019841d": "but the call was ruled an incompletion and upheld after a replay challenge.",
    "56d728e00d65d2140019841e": "e.",
    "56d728e00d65d2140019841f": "Cam Newton appeared to complete a 24-yard pass Jerricho Cotchery",
    "56d728e00d65d21400198420": "This was the first fumble return touchdown in a Super Bowl since Super Bowl",
    "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e7": ".",
    "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e8": "but the call was ruled an incompletion and upheld after a replay challenge.",
    "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e9": "lead.",
    "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7ea": "This was the first fumble return touchdown in a Super Bowl since Super Bowl XX",
    "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9435": "cutting the score to 10\u20137 with 11:28 left in the second quarter.",
    "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9436": "Despite Denver's excellent field position, they could not get the ball into the end zone",
    "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9437": "Later on, Broncos receiver Jordan Norwood received Brad Nortman's short 28",
    "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9438": "61-yard return before Mario Addison dragged him down on the Panthers 14-yard line.",
    "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9439": "so McManus kicked a 33-yard field goal that",
    "56d729180d65d21400198426": ".",
    "56d729180d65d21400198427": "with 11:28 left in the second quarter.",
    "56d729180d65d21400198428": "with 11:28 left in the second quarter.",
    "56d729180d65d21400198429": "called a fair catch",
    "56d729180d65d2140019842a": "McManus kicked a 33-yard field goal that increased their lead to 13\u20137.",
    "56d9c6e0dc89441400fdb7f0": ".",
    "56d9c6e0dc89441400fdb7f4": "Despite Denver's excellent field position, they could not get the ball into the end zone",
    "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9445": "Mike Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart",
    "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9446": "Danny Trevathan recovered on the Broncos 40-yard line.",
    "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9447": "Kony Ealy tipped a Manning pass to himself and then intercepted it,",
    "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9448": "Newton was sacked by DeMarcus Ware as time expired in the half.",
    "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9449": "Newton was sacked by DeMarcus Ware as time expired in the half.",
    "56d729ec0d65d21400198430": "Mike Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart",
    "56d729ec0d65d21400198431": "Kony Ealy tipped a Manning pass",
    "56d729ec0d65d21400198432": "However",
    "56d729ec0d65d21400198434": "f.",
    "56d9c79edc89441400fdb804": "which linebacker Danny Trevathan recovered on the Broncos 40-yard line.",
    "56d9c79edc89441400fdb805": "Mike Tolbert lost a fumble wh",
    "56d9c79edc89441400fdb806": "Kony Ealy tipped a Manning pass to himself and then intercepted it",
    "56d9c79edc89441400fdb807": "However, the Panthers soon took the ball back wh",
    "56d9c79edc89441400fdb808": "Newton was sacked by DeMarcus Ware as time expired in the half.",
    "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9455": "when Newton completed a 45-yard pass to Ted Ginn Jr.",
    "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9456": "when Graham Gano hit the uprights on a 44-yard field goal attempt.",
    "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9457": "After the miss",
    "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9458": "that gave the Broncos a 16\u20137 lead.",
    "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9459": "but Trevathan recovered it to enable Denver to keep possession.",
    "56d7282f0d65d21400198408": "when Newton completed a 45-yard pass to Ted Ginn Jr.",
    "56d7282f0d65d21400198409": "Graham Gano hit the uprights on a 44-yard field goal attempt.",
    "56d7282f0d65d2140019840a": "But once again they came up empty,",
    "56d7282f0d65d2140019840c": "but Trevathan recovered it to enable Denver to keep possession.",
    "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb80e": "when Newton completed a 45-yard pass to Ted Ginn Jr.",
    "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb80f": "35-yard line on their second offensive play.",
    "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb810": "when Graham Gano hit the uprights on a 44-yard field goal attempt.",
    "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb811": "After the miss",
    "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c945f": "then recovered it for Carolina on the 50-yard line.",
    "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9460": "at 16\u201310.",
    "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9461": "The next three drives of the game would end in punts.",
    "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9462": "A 16-yard reception by Devin Funchess",
    "56d7261e0d65d214001983e0": "early in the fourth, the Broncos drove to the Panthers 41-yard line.",
    "56d7261e0d65d214001983e1": "On the next play",
    "56d7261e0d65d214001983e2": "and then recovered it for Carolina on the 50-yard line.",
    "56d7261e0d65d214001983e4": "The next three drives of the game would end in punts.",
    "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb820": "There would be no more scoring in the third quarter,",
    "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb821": "41-yard line.",
    "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb822": "utting the Panthers deficit to one score at 16\u201310.",
    "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb823": "The next three drives of the game would end in punts.",
    "56beca913aeaaa14008c946d": "With 4:51 left in regulation",
    "56beca913aeaaa14008c946e": "3rd-and-9.",
    "56beca913aeaaa14008c946f": "but a holding penalty on cornerback Josh Norman gave the Broncos a new set of downs.",
    "56beca913aeaaa14008c9470": "not and his lack of aggression later earned him heavy criticism.",
    "56beca913aeaaa14008c9471": "giving Denver a 24\u201310 lead with 3:08 left and essentially putting the gam",
    "56d726b60d65d214001983ea": "On the next play, Miller stripped the ball away from Newton",
    "56d726b60d65d214001983eb": "Miller stripped the ball away from Newton,",
    "56d726b60d65d214001983ec": "Although several players dove into the pile to attempt to recover it",
    "56d726b60d65d214001983ed": "Josh Norman gave the Broncos a new set of downs.",
    "56d726b60d65d214001983ee": "Denver a 24\u201310 lead with 3:08 left and essentially putting the game away.",
    "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb832": "With 4:51 left in regulation",
    "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb833": "On the next play, Miller stripped the ball away from Newton,",
    "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb834": "and soon faced 3rd-and-9.",
    "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb835": "Meanwhile, Denver's offense was kept out of the end zone for three plays, but",
    "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb836": "Then Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and",
    "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9481": "Miller had six total tackles (five solo), 2\u00bd sacks, and two forced fumbles.",
    "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9482": "Manning finished the game 13",
    "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9483": ".",
    "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9484": ".",
    "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9485": "Newton completed 18 of 41 passes for 265 yards, with one interception.",
    "56d7270c0d65d214001983f4": "Manning finished the game 13",
    "56d7270c0d65d214001983f5": "Manning finished the game 13",
    "56d7270c0d65d214001983f6": "Anderson was the game's leading rusher with",
    "56d7270c0d65d214001983f7": "Sanders was his top receiver with six receptions for 83 yards.",
    "56d7270c0d65d214001983f8": "game.",
    "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb842": "Sanders was his top receiver with six receptions for 83 yards.",
    "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb843": "Anderson was the game's leading rusher with",
    "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb844": "Mc",
    "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb845": "Newton completed 18 of 41 passes for 265 yards, with one interception.",
    "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb846": "game.",
    "56becb823aeaaa14008c948b": ".",
    "56becb823aeaaa14008c948c": "Denver was just 1-of-14 on third down, wh",
    "56becb823aeaaa14008c948d": "The previous record was 244 yards by the Baltimore Ravens in Super Bowl XXXV.",
    "56becb823aeaaa14008c948e": "Jordan Norwood's 61-yard punt return set a new record,",
    "56becb823aeaaa14008c948f": "and the first quarterback ever to win a Super Bowl with two different teams",
    "56d7277c0d65d214001983fe": "Den",
    "56d7277c0d65d214001983ff": "Den",
    "56d7277c0d65d21400198401": "The Broncos' seven sacks tied a Super Bowl record set by the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XX.",
    "56d7277c0d65d21400198402": "with the same franchise he went to the Super Bowl with as a play",
    "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84c": "Super Bowl 50 featured numerous records from individuals and teams.",
    "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84d": "Denver won despite being massively outgained in total yards (315 to 194)",
    "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84e": "Super Bowl 50 featured numerous records from individuals and teams.",
    "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84f": "The Broncos' seven sacks tied a Super Bowl record set by the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XX.",
    "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb850": "Man",
    "5733a5f54776f41900660f45": "was the first female recipient of the Nobel Prize",
    "5733a5f54776f41900660f48": "One of the most famous people born in Warsaw",
    "5733a5f54776f41900660f44": "One of the most famous people born in Warsaw was Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie,",
    "5733a5f54776f41900660f46": "Famous musicians include W\u0142adys\u0142aw Szpilman and Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Chopin.",
    "5733a5f54776f41900660f47": "he moved to the city with his family when he was seven months old.",
    "57336755d058e614000b5a3d": "There are over 100 different species of trees",
    "57336755d058e614000b5a3f": "the Krasi\u0144ski Palace Garden is a popular strolling destination for the Varsovians.",
    "57336755d058e614000b5a3c": "The Saxon Garden, covering the area of 15.5 ha, was formally a royal garden.",
    "57336755d058e614000b5a3e": "At the east end of the park, the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier is situated.",
    "57336755d058e614000b5a40": "The \u0141azienki Park covers the area of 76 ha.",
    "57337ddc4776f41900660bbb": "About 15 kilometres (9 miles) from Warsaw",
    "57337ddc4776f41900660bbc": ".",
    "57337ddc4776f41900660bba": "There are",
    "57337ddc4776f41900660bbd": "Ther",
    "57337ddc4776f41900660bbe": "Ther",
    "57337ea24776f41900660bd0": "it was the most diverse city in Poland,",
    "57337ea24776f41900660bd3": "In 1933",
    "57337ea24776f41900660bd2": "According to Russian census of 1897",
    "57337ea24776f41900660bd1": "there was a significant Jewish minority in Warsaw.",
    "57337ea24776f41900660bd4": "Most of the modern day population growth is based on internal migration and urbanisation.",
    "57339555d058e614000b5df4": "Warsaw University of Technology is the second academic school of technology in the country,",
    "57339555d058e614000b5df5": "professors.",
    "57339555d058e614000b5df6": "the largest medical school in Poland and",
    "57339555d058e614000b5df3": "The University of Warsaw was established in 1816,",
    "57339555d058e614000b5df7": "one of the largest in Europe, the",
    "57339902d058e614000b5e70": "ounded in 1816, is home to over two million items.",
    "57339902d058e614000b5e71": "is home to over two million items.",
    "57339902d058e614000b5e72": "The building was designed by architects Marek Budzy\u0144ski and Zbigniew Badowski and",
    "57339902d058e614000b5e73": "The University Library garden, designed by Irena Bajerska, was opened on 12 June 2002.",
    "57339902d058e614000b5e74": "As the university garden it is open to the public every day.",
    "573399b54776f41900660e64": "but what followed was very much the opposite.",
    "573399b54776f41900660e65": "what followed was very much the opposite.",
    "573399b54776f41900660e66": ".",
    "573399b54776f41900660e67": "have improved markedly.",
    "57339a554776f41900660e74": "Today, Warsaw has some of the best medical facilities in Poland and East-Central Europe.",
    "57339a554776f41900660e75": "the highest-reference hospital in all of Poland",
    "57339a554776f41900660e76": "While the Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Institute of Oncology",
    "57339a554776f41900660e77": "it is one of the largest and most modern oncological institutions in Europe.",
    "57339a554776f41900660e78": "The infrastructure has developed a lot over the past years.",
    "57339ad74776f41900660e86": "Thanks to numerous musical venues, including the Teatr Wielki",
    "57339ad74776f41900660e87": "Warsaw hosts many events and festivals.",
    "57339ad74776f41900660e88": "the Congress Hall in the Palace of Culture and Science, Warsaw hosts many events and festivals",
    "57339ad74776f41900660e89": "Warsaw Autumn, the Jazz Jamboree",
    "57339ad74776f41900660e8a": "Warsaw hosts many events and festivals.",
    "57339c16d058e614000b5ec5": "Nearby, in Ogr\u00f3d Saski (the Saxon Garden)",
    "57339c16d058e614000b5ec6": "the Summer Theatre was in operation from 1870 to 1939,",
    "57339c16d058e614000b5ec7": "the Summer Theatre was in operation from 1870 to 1939,",
    "57339c16d058e614000b5ec8": "Warsaw's first literary cabaret, and Leon Schiller's musical theatre Melodram.",
    "57339c16d058e614000b5ec9": "The Wojciech Bogus\u0142awski Theatre (1922\u201326),",
    "57339dd94776f41900660ecc": "Wianki (Polish for Wreaths)",
    "57339dd94776f41900660ecd": "Wianki (Polish for Wreaths)",
    "57339dd94776f41900660ece": "Wianki (Polish for Wreaths)",
    "57339dd94776f41900660ecf": ".",
    "57339dd94776f41900660ed0": "Each Midsummer\u2019s Eve",
    "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef6": "boasting one of the largest collections of art posters in the world",
    "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef7": "Warsaw's 60 museums,",
    "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef8": "Warsaw's 60 museums",
    "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef9": "paintings from Adolf Hitler's private collection, and Museum of the Polish Army wh",
    "57339eb9d058e614000b5efa": "Museum of the Polish Army whose set portrays the history of arms.",
    "5733a1854776f41900660f0a": "A fine tribute to the fall of Warsaw and history of Poland",
    "5733a1854776f41900660f0b": ".",
    "5733a1854776f41900660f0c": "the Warsaw Fotoplastikon.",
    "5733a1854776f41900660f0d": ".",
    "5733a1854776f41900660f0e": "ich host a permanent exhibition of the history of Warsaw from its origins until today.",
    "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f28": "The 17th century Royal Ujazd\u00f3w Castle currently houses Centre for Contemporary Art",
    "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f29": "The Centre currently realizes about 500 projects a year.",
    "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2a": "the oldest exhibition site in Warsaw",
    "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2b": "Zach\u0119ta National Gallery of Art, the oldest exhibition site in Warsaw",
    "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2c": "Since 2011 Warsaw Gallery Weekend is held on last weekend of September.",
    "5733a32bd058e614000b5f32": "yet they managed to win Ekstraklasa Championship in 2000.",
    "5733a32bd058e614000b5f33": ".",
    "5733a32bd058e614000b5f34": "won the cup twice as well.",
    "5733a32bd058e614000b5f35": "Polonia's home venue is located at Konwiktorska Street,",
    "5733a32bd058e614000b5f36": ".",
    "5733a45d4776f41900660f23": "The mermaid (syrenka) is Warsaw's symbol and",
    "5733a45d4776f41900660f24": "The mermaid (syrenka) is Warsaw's symbol and",
    "5733a45d4776f41900660f25": "This imagery has been in use since at least the mid-14th century.",
    "5733a45d4776f41900660f26": "The oldest existing armed seal of Warsaw is from the year 1390,",
    "5733a45d4776f41900660f27": "laws.",
    "5733a560d058e614000b5f77": ".",
    "5733a560d058e614000b5f78": ".",
    "5733a560d058e614000b5f79": "One of them decided to stay on the coast of Denmark and",
    "5733a560d058e614000b5f7a": "She stopped to rest on a sandy beach by the village of Warszowa,",
    "5733a560d058e614000b5f7b": "A greedy merchant also heard her songs;",
    "5733a6ac4776f41900660f58": "Tamara de Lempicka was a famous artist born in Warsaw.",
    "5733a6ac4776f41900660f59": "Tamara de Lempicka was a famous artist born in Warsaw.",
    "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5a": "Better than anyone else she represented the Art Deco style in painting and art.",
    "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5b": "Nathan Alterman, the Israeli poet, was born in Warsaw,",
    "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5c": "Warsaw has just now been destroyed.",
    "573312fcd058e614000b56e6": "In 2012 the Economist Intelligence Unit ranked Warsaw",
    "573312fcd058e614000b56e7": "It was also ranked as one of the most liveable cities in Central Europe.",
    "573312fcd058e614000b56e8": ".",
    "573312fcd058e614000b56e9": "The Warsaw Stock Exchange is one of the largest and most important in Central and Eastern Europe.",
    "573312fcd058e614000b56ea": "Frontex",
    "5733140a4776f419006606e0": "The first historical reference to Warsaw dates back to the year 1313, at a time",
    "5733140a4776f419006606e1": "when Krak\u00f3w served as the Polish capital city.",
    "5733140a4776f419006606e2": "Only in 1918 did it regain independence from the foreign rule and eme",
    "5733140a4776f419006606e3": ".",
    "5733140a4776f419006606e4": "Warsaw gained the title of the \"Phoenix City\" bec",
    "573314e3d058e614000b56f0": "Warsaw",
    "573314e3d058e614000b56f1": "the Polish Academy of Sciences and the University of Warsaw,",
    "573314e3d058e614000b56f2": "The historic city-centre of Warsaw with its picturesque Old Town in 1980 was",
    "573314e3d058e614000b56f3": "Warsaw",
    "573314e3d058e614000b56f4": "around a quarter of the city is filled with luxurious parks and royal gardens.",
    "57332442d058e614000b5720": "Warsaw",
    "57332442d058e614000b5721": "A native or resident of Warsaw is known as a Varsovian \u2013 in Polish",
    "57332442d058e614000b5722": ".",
    "57332442d058e614000b5723": ".",
    "57332442d058e614000b5724": "The official city name in full is miasto sto\u0142eczne Warszawa (",
    "57332562d058e614000b5730": "After Jazd\u00f3w",
    "57332562d058e614000b5731": "The Prince of P\u0142ock, Boles\u0142aw II of Masovia",
    "57332562d058e614000b5732": ".",
    "57332562d058e614000b5733": "becoming the official capital of Masovian Duchy in 1413.",
    "57332562d058e614000b5734": "the duchy was reincorporated into the Polish Crown in 1526.",
    "5733266d4776f41900660712": "Warsaw for the first time became the seat of the General Sejm, permanent from 1569.",
    "5733266d4776f41900660713": "Warsaw for the first time became the seat of the General Sejm, permanent from 1569.",
    "5733266d4776f41900660714": ".",
    "5733266d4776f41900660715": "War",
    "5733266d4776f41900660716": "when King Sigismund III Vasa moved his court from Krak\u00f3w to Warsaw in 1596. In",
    "57332a734776f41900660726": "Warsaw remained the capital of the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth until 1796,",
    "57332a734776f41900660727": ".",
    "57332a734776f41900660728": "Liberated by Napoleon's army in 1806",
    "57332a734776f41900660729": "Warsaw became the centre of the Congress Poland,",
    "57332a734776f4190066072a": "The Royal University of Warsaw was established in 1816.",
    "57332b66d058e614000b5758": "Warsaw was occupied by Germany from 4 August 1915 until November 1918.",
    "57332b66d058e614000b5759": "areas controlled by Russia in 1914, which included Warsaw.",
    "57332b66d058e614000b575a": "and set up what became the Second Polish Republic, with Warsaw the capital.",
    "57332b66d058e614000b575b": "In the course of the Polish-Bolshevik War of 1920,",
    "57332b66d058e614000b575c": "ich the capital was successfully defended and the Red Army defeated.",
    "57332c1e4776f4190066073a": ".",
    "57332c1e4776f4190066073b": "came under the rule of the General Government, a German Nazi colonial administration.",
    "57332c1e4776f4190066073c": ".",
    "57332c1e4776f4190066073d": "Wh",
    "57332c1e4776f4190066073e": "Jewish fighters launched the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.",
    "57332e48d058e614000b5762": "the Red Army was deep into Polish territory and pursuing the Germans toward Warsaw.",
    "57332e48d058e614000b5763": "before the Red Army arrived.",
    "57332e48d058e614000b5764": "the Warsaw Uprising began.",
    "57332e48d058e614000b5765": "the Warsaw Uprising began",
    "57332e48d058e614000b5766": "Polish civilian deaths are estimated at between 150,000 and 200,000.",
    "57332f81d058e614000b5776": "the \"Bricks for Warsaw\" campaign was initiated,",
    "57332f81d058e614000b5777": "and large prefabricated housing projects were erected in Warsaw",
    "57332f81d058e614000b5778": "Many of the historic streets",
    "57332f81d058e614000b5779": "a gift from the Soviet Union.",
    "57332f81d058e614000b577a": "Warsaw's historic Old Town was inscribed onto UNESCO's World Heritage list.",
    "573330444776f41900660758": "In 1979, less than a year after becoming pope",
    "573330444776f41900660759": "the growing anti-communist fervor there.",
    "573330444776f4190066075a": "In 1979, less than a year after becoming pope",
    "573330444776f4190066075b": "John Paul celebrated Mass in Victory Square in Warsaw",
    "573330444776f4190066075c": "These words were very meaningful for the Polish citizens wh",
    "5733314e4776f4190066076a": "general).",
    "5733314e4776f4190066076b": "Warsaw",
    "5733314e4776f4190066076c": "The city straddles the Vistula River.",
    "5733314e4776f4190066076d": "the highest point of Warsaw in general).",
    "5733314e4776f4190066076e": ".",
    "57335c20d058e614000b58f9": "Warsaw",
    "57335c20d058e614000b58fa": "the Vistula Valley with its asymmetrical pattern of different terraces.",
    "57335c20d058e614000b58fc": "The left one is situated both on the moraine plateau",
    "57335c20d058e614000b58fb": "Warsaw, which divides the city into two parts, left and right.",
    "57335c20d058e614000b58fd": "Warsaw, is the edge of moraine plateau called Warsaw Escarpment.",
    "57335ddbd058e614000b592f": "The plain moraine plateau",
    "57335ddbd058e614000b5930": "The plain moraine plateau has",
    "57335ddbd058e614000b5931": ".",
    "57335ddbd058e614000b5932": "parted by peat swamps or small ponds cover the highest terrace.",
    "57335ddbd058e614000b5933": "These are mainly forested areas (pine forest).",
    "57335fcad058e614000b5970": "the turbulent history of the city and country.",
    "57335fcad058e614000b5971": "Warsaw was razed to the ground by bombing raids and planned destruction.",
    "57335fcad058e614000b5972": "Warsaw was razed to the ground by bombing raids and planned destruction.",
    "57335fcad058e614000b5973": ".",
    "57335fcad058e614000b5974": "Mass residential blocks were erected, with",
    "573361404776f4190066093c": "Gothic",
    "573361404776f4190066093d": "The most significant buildings are St. John's Cathedral (14th century),",
    "573361404776f4190066093e": "The most significant buildings are St. John's Cathedral (14th century),",
    "573361404776f4190066093f": "the house of Baryczko merchant family (1562),",
    "573361404776f41900660940": "The",
    "573362b94776f41900660974": "palaces and churches during the later decades of the 17th century.",
    "573362b94776f41900660975": ".",
    "573362b94776f41900660976": "One of the best examples of this architecture are Krasi\u0144ski Palace (",
    "573362b94776f41900660977": "The neoclassical architecture in Warsaw",
    "573362b94776f41900660978": "Som",
    "5733638fd058e614000b59e8": "Exceptional examples of the bourgeois architecture of the later periods",
    "5733638fd058e614000b59e9": "Exceptional",
    "5733638fd058e614000b59ea": "Warsaw Philharmony edifice originally inspired by Palais Garnier in Paris",
    "5733638fd058e614000b59eb": "Despite that the Warsaw University of Technology building",
    "5733638fd058e614000b59ec": ".",
    "5733647e4776f419006609ae": "There are also many places commemorating the heroic history of Warsaw.",
    "5733647e4776f419006609af": "now occupied by a Mausoleum of Memory of Martyrdom and the museum,",
    "5733647e4776f419006609b0": "was a place of martyr for the Poles.",
    "5733647e4776f419006609b1": "There are also many places commemorating the heroic history of Warsaw.",
    "5733647e4776f419006609b2": "was erected in memory of the largest insurrection of World War II.",
    "573368044776f41900660a29": "Other green spaces in the city include the Botanic Garden and the University Library garden.",
    "573368044776f41900660a2a": "while a palm house in the New Orangery displays plants of subtropics from all over the world",
    "573368044776f41900660a2b": "where was the first horse racetrack and then the airport),",
    "573368044776f41900660a2c": "Park Ujazdowski (close to the Sejm and John Lennon street),",
    "573368044776f41900660a2d": "was established in 1865\u20131871 and designed by Jan Dobrowolski.",
    "573368e54776f41900660a53": "The flora of the city may be considered very rich in species.",
    "573368e54776f41900660a54": "Bielany Forest nature reserve is connected with Kampinos Forest.",
    "573368e54776f41900660a55": "Bielany Forest, located within the borders of Warsaw",
    "573368e54776f41900660a56": "Other big forest area is Kabaty Forest by the southern city border.",
    "573368e54776f41900660a57": "War",
    "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcb": "In 1939, c. 1,300,000 people lived in Warsaw",
    "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcc": "in 1945 \u2013 only 420,000.",
    "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcd": "The first remedial measure was the Warsaw area enlargement (1951) \u2013",
    "57337f6ad058e614000b5bce": "It also bolstered some kind of conviction among Poles that",
    "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcf": "even though since 1990 there are no limitations to residency registration anymore.",
    "57338007d058e614000b5bda": "Throughout its existence, Warsaw has been a multi-cultural city.",
    "57338007d058e614000b5bdb": "Warsaw has been a multi-cultural city.",
    "57338007d058e614000b5bdc": "inhabitants 56.2% were Catholics,",
    "57338007d058e614000b5bdd": "189 Protestants (2.4%) and 2,818 Mariavites (0.4%)",
    "57338007d058e614000b5bde": "Most of them were destroyed in the aftermath of the Warsaw Uprising of 1944.",
    "573380e0d058e614000b5be9": "The basic unit of territorial division in Poland is a commune (gmina).",
    "573380e0d058e614000b5bea": "The basic unit of territorial division in Poland is a commune (gmina).",
    "573380e0d058e614000b5beb": ".",
    "57338160d058e614000b5bf9": "Legislative power in Warsaw",
    "57338160d058e614000b5bfa": "Legislative power in Warsaw",
    "57338160d058e614000b5bfb": "have the oversight of various functions of the city government.",
    "57338160d058e614000b5bfc": "the City Council divides itself into committees wh",
    "57338160d058e614000b5bfd": "the Council has 30 days to override the veto by a two-thirds majority vote.",
    "57338255d058e614000b5c0d": "The mayor of Warsaw is called President.",
    "57338255d058e614000b5c0e": "The first Warsaw President was Jan Andrzej Menich (1695\u20131696).",
    "57338255d058e614000b5c0f": "1990. The first Warsaw President was Jan Andrzej Menich (1695\u20131696).",
    "57338255d058e614000b5c10": "Since 1990 the President of Warsaw had been elected by the City council.",
    "57338255d058e614000b5c11": "In the years of 1994\u20131999 the mayor of the district Centrum automatically",
    "573382d24776f41900660c37": "Warsaw",
    "573382d24776f41900660c38": "In 2006, 304,016 companies were registered in the city.",
    "573382d24776f41900660c39": "Warsaw was ranked as the 7th greatest emerging market.",
    "573382d24776f41900660c3a": "Warsaw produces 12% of Poland's national income,",
    "573382d24776f41900660c3b": "To",
    "5733834ed058e614000b5c26": "1817 and continued trading until World War II.",
    "5733834ed058e614000b5c27": "Warsaw's first",
    "5733834ed058e614000b5c28": "Warsaw",
    "5733834ed058e614000b5c29": "31 August 2009.",
    "5733834ed058e614000b5c2a": "used as the headquarters of the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR).",
    "573383d0d058e614000b5c35": "when the license expired) and the Polonez.",
    "573383d0d058e614000b5c36": "a.",
    "573383d0d058e614000b5c37": "In 1995 the factory was purchased by the South Korean car manufacturer Daewoo,",
    "573383d0d058e614000b5c38": "In 2005 the factory was sold to AvtoZAZ, a Ukrainian car manufacture",
    "573383d0d058e614000b5c39": "The license for the production of the Aveo expired in February 2011 and",
    "573166ede6313a140071cef2": "is the capital and largest city of Poland.",
    "573166ede6313a140071cef3": ".",
    "573166ede6313a140071cef4": "Warsaw",
    "573166ede6313a140071cef5": "Its population is estimated at 1.740 million residents within a greater metropolitan area of",
    "573166ede6313a140071cef6": "Warsaw the 9th most-populous capital city in the European Union.",
    "5732b6b5328d981900602021": ".",
    "5732b6b5328d981900602022": "Warsaw the 9th most-populous capital city in the European Union.",
    "5732b6b5328d981900602023": "It stands on the Vistula River in east-central Poland, roughly 260 kilometres (160 mi)",
    "5732b6b5328d981900602024": "Its population is estimated at 1.740 million residents within a greater metropolitan area of",
    "5732b6b5328d981900602025": "Warsaw the 9th most-populous capital city in the European Union.",
    "56ddde6b9a695914005b9628": "France",
    "56ddde6b9a695914005b9629": "who in the 10th and 11th centuries gave their name to Normandy, a region in France.",
    "56ddde6b9a695914005b962a": "They were des",
    "56ddde6b9a695914005b962b": "who, under their leader Rollo",
    "56ddde6b9a695914005b962c": ".",
    "56dddf4066d3e219004dad5f": "the Battle of Hastings in 1066.",
    "56dddf4066d3e219004dad60": "The Duchy of Normandy",
    "56dddf4066d3e219004dad61": "The Normans were famed for their martial spirit and eventually for their Christian piety",
    "56dde0379a695914005b9636": "Viking\".",
    "56dde0379a695914005b9637": "Viking\"",
    "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad75": "which began in 911 as a fiefdom,",
    "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad76": ".",
    "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad77": "The Duchy of Normandy",
    "56dde1d966d3e219004dad8d": "Be",
    "56dde27d9a695914005b9651": "The descendants of Rollo's Vikings and their Frankish wives wou",
    "56dde27d9a695914005b9652": "France.",
    "56dde2fa66d3e219004dad9b": "The Normans",
    "56dde3aa9a695914005b9660": "di",
    "56dde3aa9a695914005b9661": "William of Apulia tells that, in 1016, Norman pilgrims to the shrine of the Archangel Michael",
    "56dde3aa9a695914005b9662": "to the shrine of the Archangel Michael at Monte Gargano we",
    "56de0daecffd8e1900b4b595": "Henry III legally ennobled the Hauteville leader",
    "56de0daecffd8e1900b4b596": "William Iron Arm, with the title of count in his capital of Melfi.",
    "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59a": "From these bases, the Normans eventually captured Sicily and Malta from the Saracens",
    "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59b": "was crowned king in 1130",
    "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59c": "such as William Iron Arm's citadel at Squillace, and cathedral",
    "56de0ed14396321400ee2579": ".",
    "56de0ed14396321400ee257a": "Book of Roger\").",
    "56de0ed14396321400ee257b": "Institutionally",
    "56de0f6a4396321400ee257f": "they entered the Byzantine Empire and then Armenia,",
    "56de0ffd4396321400ee258d": "was Herv\u00e9 in the 1050s.",
    "56de0ffd4396321400ee258e": "In the 1060s, Robert Crispin led the Normans of Edessa against the Turks.",
    "56de0ffd4396321400ee258f": "Roussel de Bailleul even tried to carve out an independent state in Asia Minor",
    "56de10b44396321400ee2593": "Afranji, meaning \"Franks.\"",
    "56de10b44396321400ee2594": "into the upper Euphrates valley in northern Syria.",
    "56de10b44396321400ee2595": "Anatolia.",
    "56de11154396321400ee25aa": "The Raoulii were descended from an Italo-Norman named Raoul",
    "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bc": "the dignity of count of Apulia",
    "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bd": "when Dyrrachium was betrayed to the Normans by the Venetian and Amalfitan merchants wh",
    "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5be": "They lost Dyrrachium, Valona, and Butrint in 1085, after the death of Robert.",
    "56de15104396321400ee25b7": "sign a peace treaty with the Byzantines in the city of Deabolis.",
    "56de15104396321400ee25b8": "Robert's son",
    "56de15104396321400ee25b9": "Meanwhile, they occupied Petrela, the citadel of Mili",
    "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c2": "when a large Norman army invaded Dyrrachium",
    "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c3": "the most important naval bases of the Adriatic\u2014fell again to Byzantine hands.",
    "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c4": "when a large Norman army invaded Dyrrachium",
    "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c8": "le.",
    "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c9": "who stayed in Normandy after Cnut the Great's conquest of the isle.",
    "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5ca": "Because of this, Ethelred fled to Normandy in 1013,",
    "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5cb": "when he was forced from his kingdom by Sweyn Forkbeard.",
    "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d0": "at the invitation of his half-brother Harthacnut",
    "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d1": "When finally Edward the Confessor returned from his father's refuge in 1041,",
    "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d2": "He appointed Robert of Jumi\u00e8ges archbishop of Canterbury and",
    "56de16ca4396321400ee25c5": "King Harold II at the Battle of Hastings.",
    "56de16ca4396321400ee25c6": "Duke William II of Normandy conquered England killing King Harold II at the Battle of Hastings.",
    "56de16ca4396321400ee25c7": "Duke William II of Normandy conquered England killing King Harold II at the Battle of Hastings.",
    "56de16ca4396321400ee25c8": "the Anglo-Saxons as the ruling class of England.",
    "56de1728cffd8e1900b4b5d7": "English.",
    "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5da": "in 1169.",
    "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5db": ".",
    "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5dc": "The Normans settled mostly in an area in the east of Ireland",
    "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e0": "William who had already disputed Scotland's southern borders.",
    "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e1": "William who had already disputed Scotland's southern borders.",
    "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e2": "William who had already disputed Scotland's southern borders.",
    "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e3": "who had already disputed Scotland's southern borders.",
    "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6be": "Alexander I had married Sybilla of Normandy",
    "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6bf": "some scholars call the \"Davidian Revolution\".",
    "56de3d594396321400ee26ca": ".",
    "56de3d594396321400ee26cb": "him with defending the Marches and warring with the Welsh.",
    "56de3d594396321400ee26cc": ".",
    "56de3dbacffd8e1900b4b6d2": "most trusted Norman barons,",
    "56de3e414396321400ee26d8": "a Norman principality in Antioch.",
    "56de3e414396321400ee26d9": "In 1064, during the War of Barbastro, William of Montreuil led the papal army and",
    "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e6": "After the successful Siege of Antioch",
    "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e7": "Tancred with an army of Italo-Normans.",
    "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e8": "Tancred was",
    "56de3efccffd8e1900b4b6fe": "which would be under Western European domination for the following 380 years.",
    "56de3f784396321400ee26fa": "Richard the Lion-hearted left Messina with a large fleet in order to reach Acre.",
    "56de3f784396321400ee26fb": "Richard the Lion-hearted left Messina with a large fleet in order to reach Acre.",
    "56de3f784396321400ee26fc": "But a storm dispersed the fleet.",
    "56de3f784396321400ee26fd": "Richard the Lion-hearted left Messina with a large fleet in order to reach Acre.",
    "56de40da4396321400ee2708": "his rival Conrad of Montferrat.",
    "56de40da4396321400ee2709": "because Richard had promised that he would not place him in irons.",
    "56de40da4396321400ee270a": "Richard",
    "56de41504396321400ee2714": "While in Limassol, Richard the Lion-Heart married Berengaria of Navarre",
    "56de41504396321400ee2715": "The wedding was held on 12 May 1191 at the Chapel of St. George",
    "56de41504396321400ee2716": "well.",
    "56de48f34396321400ee2770": "It was only in 1489 that",
    "56de48f34396321400ee2771": "Shortly af",
    "56de49564396321400ee277a": "off the Atlantic coast of Africa.",
    "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a7": "Bethencourt took the title of King of the Canary Islands",
    "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a8": ".",
    "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a9": ".",
    "56de4a474396321400ee2786": "Jersey and Guernsey in the Channel Islands.",
    "56de4a474396321400ee2787": "Norman customary law was transcribed in two customaries in Latin by",
    "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7bd": ".",
    "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7be": "Norman",
    "56de4b074396321400ee2793": "In England",
    "56de4b074396321400ee2794": "In England",
    "56de4b074396321400ee2795": "Sicily.",
    "56de4b5c4396321400ee2799": "How",
    "56de4b5c4396321400ee279a": "The church was utilised by the dukes as a unifying force for their disparate duchy.",
    "56de4bb84396321400ee27a2": "The French Wars of Religion in the 16th century",
    "56de4c324396321400ee27ab": "which is not a tapestry but a work of embroidery.",
    "56de4c324396321400ee27ac": "which is not a tapestry but a work of embroidery.",
    "56de4c324396321400ee27ad": "the Bayeux Tapestry, which is not a tapestry but a work of embroidery.",
    "56de51244396321400ee27ef": "Many churches preserve",
    "56de51c64396321400ee27f7": ".",
    "56de51c64396321400ee27f8": "At F\u00e9camp, under two Italian abbots",
    "56de52614396321400ee27fb": ".",
    "56de52614396321400ee27fc": ".",
    "56de52614396321400ee27fd": ".",
    "56de52614396321400ee27fe": "There they continued the tradition of singing.",
    "56df9e2838dc4217001520f6": ".",
    "56df9e2838dc4217001520f8": ".",
    "56df9e2838dc4217001520f9": ".",
    "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b7": ".",
    "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b8": ".",
    "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b9": ".",
    "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6bb": ".",
    "56df9ee138dc421700152108": "before emigrating to the United States in 1884 to work for Thomas Edison in New York City.",
    "56df9ee138dc421700152109": "ing to the United States in 1884 to work for Thomas Edison in New York City.",
    "56df9ee138dc42170015210a": "His patented AC induction motor and transformer were licensed by George Westinghouse, wh",
    "56df9ee138dc42170015210b": "work for Thomas Edison in New York City.",
    "56df9ee138dc42170015210c": "s.",
    "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c1": "in New York City.",
    "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c2": "s.",
    "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c3": "work for Thomas Edison in New York City.",
    "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c4": "His patented AC induction motor and transformer were licensed by George Westinghouse, wh",
    "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c5": "His patented AC induction motor and transformer were licensed by George Westinghouse,",
    "56dfa01738dc42170015211d": "the possibility of wireless communication with his devices.",
    "56dfa01738dc42170015211e": "Tesla wen",
    "56dfa01738dc42170015211f": "Tesla we",
    "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35b": "Tesla wen",
    "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35c": "He also built a wireless controlled boat, one of the first ever exhibited.",
    "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35d": "He also built a wireless controlled boat, one of the first ever exhibited.",
    "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35e": "his unfinished Wardenclyffe Tower project.",
    "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb7": "Tesla died on 7 January 1943.",
    "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb8": "named the SI unit of magnetic flux density the tesla in his honor.",
    "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb9": "He lived most of his life in a series of New York hotels, through his retirement.",
    "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebba": ".",
    "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cb": "which was used to finance his own projects with varying degrees of success.",
    "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cc": "Tesla died on 7 January 1943.",
    "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cd": "1960",
    "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6ce": "There has been a resurgence in popular interest in Tesla since the 1990s.",
    "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cf": ".",
    "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc1": "(modern-day Croatia)",
    "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc2": ". His father, Milutin Tesla, was a Serbian Orthodox priest.",
    "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc3": "Tesla was",
    "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc4": "credited his eidetic memory and creative abilities to his mother's genetics and influence.",
    "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36b": "poems.",
    "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36c": "whose father was also an Orthodox priest,",
    "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36d": "Tesla's mother, \u0110uka Tesla (n\u00e9e Mandi\u0107),",
    "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36e": "Tesla's mother, \u0110uka Tesla (n\u00e9e Mandi\u0107), wh",
    "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36f": "near Montenegro.",
    "56dfa1d34a1a83140091ebd4": "Tesla was the fourth of five children.",
    "56dfa1d44a1a83140091ebd6": "Tesla was the fourth of five children.",
    "56dfa1d44a1a83140091ebd7": "In 186",
    "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac375": "He had an older brother named Dane and three sisters, Milka, Angelina and Marica.",
    "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac376": "He had an older brother named Dane and three sisters, Milka, Angelina and Marica.",
    "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac377": "Dane was killed in a horse-riding accident when Nikola was five.",
    "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac378": "In 1862, the Tesla family moved to Gospi\u0107, Austrian Empire,",
    "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac379": "Tesla's father worked as a pastor.",
    "56dfa24a38dc421700152142": "where he was profoundly influenced by a math teacher Martin Sekuli\u0107.",
    "56dfa24a38dc421700152143": "The classes were held in German,",
    "56dfa24a38dc421700152144": "Tesla was able to perform integral calculus in his head,",
    "56dfa24a38dc421700152145": "ich prompted his teachers to believe that he was cheating.",
    "56dfa24a38dc421700152146": "In 187",
    "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d5": "where he was profoundly influenced by a math teacher Martin Sekuli\u0107.",
    "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d6": "Tesla moved to Karlovac",
    "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d7": "where he was profoundly influenced by a math teacher Martin Sekuli\u0107.",
    "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d8": "The classes were held in German,",
    "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d9": "He finished a four-year term in three years, graduating in 1873.:33",
    "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf2": "In 1873, Tesla returned to his birthtown, Smiljan.",
    "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf3": "he was bedridden for nine months and was near death multiple times.",
    "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf4": "he was bedridden for nine months and was near death multiple times.",
    "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf5": "his father had originally wanted him to enter the priesthood).",
    "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf6": "In 1873, Tesla returned to his birthtown, Smiljan.",
    "56e0c2307aa994140058e6df": "was near death multiple times.",
    "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e0": ".",
    "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e1": "he was bedridden for nine months and was near death multiple times.",
    "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e2": "his father had originally wanted him to enter the priesthood).",
    "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e3": "his father had originally wanted him to enter the priesthood).",
    "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfc": "the Austro-Hungarian Army in Smiljan by running away to Tomingaj, near Gra\u010dac.",
    "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfd": "Mark Twain's works had helped him to miraculously recover from his earlier illness.",
    "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfe": "There, he explored the mountains in hunter's garb.",
    "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebff": "In 1874, Tesla evaded being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army",
    "56dfa3394a1a83140091ec00": "He read many books while in Tomingaj,",
    "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac389": "near Gra\u010dac.",
    "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38a": "near Gra\u010dac.",
    "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38b": "He read many books while in Tomingaj",
    "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38c": "Mark Twain's works had helped him to miraculously recover from his earlier illness.",
    "56dfa3c338dc421700152154": "He never graduated from the university and did not receive grades for the last semester.",
    "56dfa3c338dc421700152155": "Tesla would be killed through overwork.",
    "56dfa3c338dc421700152156": "Tesla",
    "56dfa3c338dc421700152157": "Tesla would be killed through overwork.",
    "56dfa3c338dc421700152158": "He never graduated from the university and did not receive grades for the last semester.",
    "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ab": ".",
    "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ac": "Tesla",
    "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ad": "He was \"mortified when [his] father made light of [those] hard won honor",
    "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ae": "During his third year, Tesla gambled away his allowance and his tuition money,",
    "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3af": "Tesla would be killed through overwork.",
    "56dfa7887aa994140058dfa9": "In December 1878, Tesla",
    "56dfa7887aa994140058dfaa": "Tesla left Graz and severed all relations with his family",
    "56dfa7887aa994140058dfab": "where he worked as a draftsman for 60 florins a month.",
    "56dfa7887aa994140058dfac": "hool.",
    "56dfa7887aa994140058dfad": "Nikola suffered a nervous breakdown at around the same time.",
    "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e717": "In December 1878, Tesla left Graz and",
    "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e718": "the fact that he dropped out of school.",
    "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e719": "His friends thought that he had drowned in the Mur River.",
    "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e71a": "ere he worked as a draftsman for 60 florins a month.",
    "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e71b": "ere he worked as a draftsman for 60 florins a month.",
    "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbd": "Tesla was returned to Gospi\u0107 under police guard for not having a residence permit.",
    "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbe": "Tesla was returned to Gospi\u0107 under police guard for not having a residence permit.",
    "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbf": "Milutin Tesla died at the age of 60",
    "56dfaa047aa994140058dfc0": "he died of a stroke",
    "56dfaa047aa994140058dfc1": "During that year, Tesla taught a large class of students in his old school,",
    "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3bf": "Tesla was returned to Gospi\u0107 under police guard for not having a residence permit.",
    "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c0": "Tesla was returned to Gospi\u0107 under police guard for not having a residence permit.",
    "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c1": "Higher Real Gymnasium, in Gospi\u0107.",
    "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c2": "although some sources say that he died of a stroke).",
    "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5b": "Tesla",
    "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5c": "Unfortunately, he arrived too late to enroll at Charles-Ferdinand University;",
    "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5e": "Tesla did, however, attend lectures at the university,",
    "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5f": ".",
    "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c7": "where he was to study.",
    "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c8": "Gospi\u0107 for Prague",
    "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c9": "where he was to study.",
    "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3ca": "Gospi\u0107 for Prague",
    "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc7": "In 1881, Tesla moved to",
    "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc8": ".",
    "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc9": "Tesla was allocated the chief electrician position.",
    "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfca": "ed.",
    "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfcb": ".",
    "56e0d402231d4119001ac3fc": "In 1881, Tesla moved to Budapest",
    "56e0d402231d4119001ac3fd": "In 1881, Tesla moved to Budapest to work under",
    "56e0d402231d4119001ac3fe": "Tesla was allocated the chief electrician position.",
    "56e0d402231d4119001ac3ff": "Tesla was allocated the chief electrician position.",
    "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc83": "In 1882,",
    "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc84": "In 1882, Tesla began working for the Continental Edison Company in France",
    "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc85": "In June 1884, he relocated to New York City:57\u201360 wh",
    "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc86": ".",
    "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc87": "In June 1884, he relocated to New York City:57\u201360 wh",
    "56e0d54a7aa994140058e769": "In 1882, Tesla began working for the Continental Edison Company in France",
    "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76a": "In 1882, Tesla began working for the Continental Edison Company in France",
    "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76b": "In June 1884, he relocated to New York City:57\u201360 wh",
    "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76c": "wh",
    "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76d": "Thomas Edison to work at his Edison Machine Works on Manhattan's lower east side.",
    "56dfb4be7aa994140058e00d": "In 1885,",
    "56dfb4be7aa994140058e00e": "After months of work, Tesla fulfilled the task and inquired about payment.",
    "56dfb4be7aa994140058e010": "In 1885, he said that he could redesign Edison's inefficient motor and generators",
    "56e0d6367aa994140058e773": "In 1885, he said that he could redesign Edison's inefficient motor and generators,",
    "56e0d6367aa994140058e774": "hand.",
    "56e0d6367aa994140058e775": "After months of work, Tesla fulfilled the task and inquired about payment.",
    "56dfb5777aa994140058e021": "After leaving Edison's company Tesla partnered with two businessmen in 1886",
    "56dfb5777aa994140058e022": ".",
    "56dfb5777aa994140058e023": ".",
    "56dfb5777aa994140058e024": "Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing.",
    "56dfb5777aa994140058e025": ".",
    "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac420": "Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing.",
    "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac421": "Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing",
    "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac422": "who agreed to finance an electric lighting company in Tesla's name",
    "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac423": ".",
    "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac424": ".",
    "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb5": "They eventually forced Tesla out leaving him penniless.",
    "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb6": "They eventually forced Tesla out leaving him penniless.",
    "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb8": "He had to work at various electrical repair jobs and even as a ditch digger for",
    "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb9": "Tesla",
    "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42b": "eu of stock.",
    "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42c": "$2 per day.",
    "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42d": "They eventually forced Tesla out leaving him penniless.",
    "56dfb666231d4119001abcc0": "Alfred S. Brown, a Western Union superintendent, and New York attorney Charles F. Peck.",
    "56dfb666231d4119001abcc1": "they formed the Tesla Electric Company with",
    "56dfb666231d4119001abcc2": "would go \u2153 to Tesla, \u2153 to Peck and Brown, and \u2153 to fund development.",
    "56dfb666231d4119001abcc3": "They set up a laboratory for Tesla at 89 Liberty Street in Manhattan wh",
    "56e0d810231d4119001ac432": "In late 1886 Tesla met Alfred S. Brown,",
    "56e0d810231d4119001ac433": "Alfred S. Brown, a Western Union superintendent, and New York attorney Charles F. Peck.",
    "56e0d810231d4119001ac434": "In late 1886",
    "56e0d810231d4119001ac435": "They set up a laboratory for Tesla at 89 Liberty Street in Manhattan wh",
    "56e0d810231d4119001ac436": "s.",
    "56dfb6d17aa994140058e053": "One of the things Tesla developed at that laboratory in 1887",
    "56dfb6d17aa994140058e054": "This innovative electric motor, patented in May 1888,",
    "56dfb6d17aa994140058e055": ".",
    "56dfb6d17aa994140058e056": "was a simple self-starting design that did not need a commutator,",
    "56dfb6d17aa994140058e057": "brushes.",
    "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43c": ".",
    "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43d": "brushes.",
    "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43e": "brushes.",
    "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43f": "This innovative electric motor, patented in May 1888,",
    "56e057e1231d4119001ac043": "IEEE).",
    "56e057e1231d4119001ac044": "at the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (now IEEE).",
    "56e057e1231d4119001ac045": "In 1888",
    "56e057e1231d4119001ac046": "Westinghouse looked into getting a patent on a similar commutator-less,",
    "56e057e1231d4119001ac047": "at the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (now IEEE)",
    "56e0dbb57aa994140058e779": "In 1888, the editor of Electrical World magazine",
    "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77a": "George Westinghouse that Tesla had a viable AC motor and related power system \u2014",
    "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77b": "which Westinghouse had been trying to secure patents.",
    "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77c": "by the Italian physicist Galileo Ferraris,",
    "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77d": "patents.",
    "56e05900231d4119001ac04d": "In July 1888, Brown and Peck negotiated a licensing deal with George Westinghouse",
    "56e05900231d4119001ac04e": "$2.50 per AC horsepower produced by each motor.",
    "56e05900231d4119001ac04f": "In July 1888",
    "56e05900231d4119001ac051": "$2.50 per AC horsepower produced by each motor.",
    "56e0dc667aa994140058e783": "$2.50 per AC horsepower produced by each motor.",
    "56e0dc667aa994140058e784": "$2.50 per AC horsepower produced by each motor.",
    "56e0dc667aa994140058e785": "at the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company's Pittsburgh labs.",
    "56e0dc667aa994140058e786": ".",
    "56e059c8231d4119001ac057": "During that year, Tesla worked in Pittsburgh,",
    "56e059c8231d4119001ac058": "During that year, Tesla",
    "56e059c8231d4119001ac059": "Between them, they settled on a 60-cycle AC current system Tesla proposed (",
    "56e059c8231d4119001ac05a": "They ended up using a DC traction motor instead.",
    "56e0e518231d4119001ac444": "During that year, Tesla worked in Pittsburgh",
    "56e0e518231d4119001ac445": "They ended up using a DC traction motor instead.",
    "56e05a78231d4119001ac062": "\" an electrical distribution battle being waged between Thomas",
    "56e05a78231d4119001ac063": ".",
    "56e05a78231d4119001ac064": "The competition resulted in Edison Machine Works pursuing AC development in 1890",
    "56e05a78231d4119001ac065": "Thomas",
    "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78b": ".",
    "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78c": ".",
    "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78d": ".",
    "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78e": "had to be put on hold for a while.",
    "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78f": "Thomas Edison was no longer in control of his own company,",
    "56e07c86231d4119001ac1cd": "In 1893, George Westinghouse",
    "56e07c86231d4119001ac1ce": "Chicago with alternating current, beating out a General Electric bid by one million dollars.",
    "56e07c86231d4119001ac1cf": "George Westinghouse w",
    "56e07c86231d4119001ac1d0": "In 1893",
    "56e07c86231d4119001ac1d1": ":79",
    "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d5": "Chicago with alternating current, beating out a General Electric bid by one million dollars.",
    "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d6": "In 1893,",
    "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d7": "It",
    "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d8": "This World's Fair devoted a building to electrical exhibits.",
    "56e0812c231d4119001ac213": "Richard Dean Adams",
    "56e0812c231d4119001ac214": "In 1893",
    "56e0812c231d4119001ac215": "was awarded to Westinghouse Electric.",
    "56e0812c231d4119001ac216": "was awarded to Westinghouse Electric.",
    "56e0812c231d4119001ac217": "In 1893 Richard Dean Adams",
    "56e0ee12231d4119001ac459": "wh",
    "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45a": ".",
    "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45b": "Tesla",
    "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45c": "Tesla's opinion on what system would be best to transmit power generated at the falls.",
    "56e089ab231d4119001ac285": "Although a patent-sharing agreement was signed between the two companies",
    "56e089ab231d4119001ac287": "West",
    "56e089ab231d4119001ac288": "y, had turned out to be an overly generous $2.50 per AC horsepower royalty.",
    "56e089ab231d4119001ac289": "In 1897, Westinghouse explained his financial difficulties to Tesla in stark terms",
    "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac462": "involved in takeover attempts and patent battles with Westinghouse Electric.",
    "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac463": "in licenses and royalties to Tesla, Brown, and Peck).",
    "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac464": "Westinghouse con",
    "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5da": "Tesla became a naturalized citizen of the United States",
    "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5db": "his South Fifth Avenue laboratory, and later another at 46 E. Houston Street, in New York.",
    "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5dc": ".",
    "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5dd": "he patented the Tesla coil.",
    "56e0ef90231d4119001ac468": "In the same year, he patented the Tesla coil.",
    "56e0ef90231d4119001ac469": "he patented the Tesla coil.",
    "56e0ef90231d4119001ac46a": "Tesla became a naturalized citizen of the United States",
    "56e0ef90231d4119001ac46b": ".",
    "56e08aa0231d4119001ac299": "Tesla served as a vice president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers",
    "56e08aa0231d4119001ac29a": "from 1892 to 1894.",
    "56e08aa0231d4119001ac29d": "Tesla served as a vice president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers",
    "56e0f019231d4119001ac470": ".",
    "56e0f019231d4119001ac471": "Tesla",
    "56e0f019231d4119001ac472": "the forerunner (along with the Institute of Radio Engineers) of the modern-day IEEE",
    "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a4": "Tesla began investigating",
    "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a5": "empty",
    "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a6": "announcement of the discovery of x-rays\u2014",
    "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a7": "The only thing captured in the image was the metal locking screw on the camera lens.",
    "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4c8": ".",
    "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4c9": "what he referred to as radiant energy of \"invisible\" kinds af",
    "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4ca": "Tesla",
    "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4cb": "The only thing captured in the image was the metal locking screw on the camera lens.",
    "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4cc": "Mark Twain illuminated by a Geissler tube, an earlier type of gas discharge tube",
    "56e08d32231d4119001ac2ad": ".",
    "56e08d32231d4119001ac2ae": ".",
    "56e08d32231d4119001ac2af": ".",
    "56e08d32231d4119001ac2b0": "In his research, Tesla devised several experimental setups to produce X-rays.",
    "56e08d32231d4119001ac2b1": "that worked from the output of the Tesla Coil (",
    "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d4": "Tesla proceeded to do his own experiments in X-ray imaging",
    "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d5": "Tesla proceeded to do his own experiments in X-ray imaging,",
    "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d6": ".",
    "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b7": "Tesla inc",
    "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b8": "he attributed the skin damage to various causes.",
    "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b9": "Tesla",
    "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2ba": "Tesla noted the hazards of working with his circuit and single-node X-ray-producing devices.",
    "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2bb": "These plasma waves can occur in force-free magnetic fields.",
    "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4ee": "He believed early on that damage to the skin was not caused by the Roentgen rays",
    "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4ef": ".",
    "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4f0": "were longitudinal waves, such as those produced in waves in plasmas.",
    "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4f1": "He",
    "56e0e69b7aa994140058e795": "Benjamin Lamme",
    "56e0e69b7aa994140058e796": "Benjamin Lamme had",
    "56e0e69b7aa994140058e797": "branding their complete polyphase phase AC system as the \"Tesla Polyphase System\",",
    "56e0ed557aa994140058e7dd": ".",
    "56e0ed557aa994140058e7e0": "he constructed known as the Egg of Columbus.",
    "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e859": ".",
    "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85a": "him.",
    "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85b": ".",
    "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85c": ".",
    "56e0fb14231d4119001ac525": "Tesla's theories on the possibility of the transmission by radio waves",
    "56e0fb14231d4119001ac526": "Many devices such as the Tesla Coil were used in the further development of radio.",
    "56e0fb14231d4119001ac527": "Association.",
    "56e0fb887aa994140058e869": "Tesla tr",
    "56e0fb887aa994140058e86a": "Tesla demonstrated a radio-controlled boat\u2014",
    "56e0fb887aa994140058e86b": "The crowd that witnessed the demonstration made outrageous claims",
    "56e0fb887aa994140058e86c": ".",
    "56e0fb887aa994140058e86d": "hidden inside.",
    "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e877": "patent).",
    "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e878": "patent).",
    "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e879": "patent).",
    "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e87a": "government by the Marconi Company via simply restoring Tesla's prior patent).",
    "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e87b": "patent",
    "56e0fd167aa994140058e881": "On 17 May 1899, Tesla moved to Colorado Springs",
    "56e0fd167aa994140058e882": "ere he would have room for his high-voltage, high-frequency experiments;",
    "56e0fd167aa994140058e883": "needed without charging for it.",
    "56e0fd167aa994140058e884": "noisy.",
    "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673ea": ".",
    "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673eb": "He stated that he observed stationary waves during this time.",
    "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673ec": "that the earth had a resonant frequency.",
    "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6a": ".",
    "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6b": ".",
    "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6c": ".",
    "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6d": "Light bulbs within 100 feet of the lab glowed even when turned off.",
    "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6e": ".",
    "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fb": "\"",
    "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fc": "\"",
    "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fd": "\"",
    "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fe": "\"",
    "56e10043e3433e1400422a84": "During his time at his lab, Tesla observed unusual signals from his receiver wh",
    "56e10043e3433e1400422a85": "that the signals could come from Mars, Venus, or other planets.",
    "56e10043e3433e1400422a86": "Mars.",
    "56e10043e3433e1400422a87": "which he concluded may be communications from another planet.",
    "56e10043e3433e1400422a88": "transmission.",
    "56e100b6cd28a01900c67403": "Instead, Tesla used the money to fund his Colorado Springs experiments.",
    "56e100b6cd28a01900c67404": "Instead, Tesla used the money to fund his Colorado Springs experiments.",
    "56e100b6cd28a01900c67405": "Instead, Tesla used the money to fund his Colorado Springs experiments.",
    "56e100b6cd28a01900c67406": "Instead, Tesla used the money to fund his Colorado Springs experiments.",
    "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740b": "On 7 January 1900, Tesla left Colorado Springs.",
    "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740c": "His lab was torn down in 1904,",
    "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740d": "His lab was torn down in 1904,",
    "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740e": "His lab was torn down in 1904,",
    "56e10179cd28a01900c67413": ".",
    "56e10179cd28a01900c67414": "Wardenclyffe near Shoreham, Long Island.",
    "56e10179cd28a01900c67415": "Wardenclyffe near Shoreham, Long Island.",
    "56e101f4e3433e1400422a8e": "When asked where all the money had gone",
    "56e101f4e3433e1400422a8f": ".",
    "56e101f4e3433e1400422a91": "Morgan was shocked by the reminder of",
    "56e10296cd28a01900c67423": "Over the next five years",
    "56e10296cd28a01900c67424": "Morgan.",
    "56e10296cd28a01900c67425": "In December 1901",
    "56e10296cd28a01900c67426": "The tower was erected to its full 187 feet (57 m).",
    "56e10325cd28a01900c67435": "his 200 horsepower (150 kilowatts) 16,000 rpm bladeless turbine.",
    "56e10325cd28a01900c67436": "several of his bladeless turbine engines were tested at 100\u20135,000 hp.",
    "56e10325cd28a01900c67437": "turbine.",
    "56e10325cd28a01900c67438": "several of his bladeless turbine engines were tested at 100\u20135,000 hp.",
    "56e10412e3433e1400422aba": "Tesla invented a steam-powered mechanical oscillator\u2014Tesla's oscillator.",
    "56e10412e3433e1400422abb": "A",
    "56e10412e3433e1400422abc": "arrived.",
    "56e10412e3433e1400422abd": "In February 1912, an article\u2014\"Nikola Tesla, Dreamer\" by Allan L. Benson\u2014",
    "56e10412e3433e1400422abe": "it would rise and fall hundreds of feet and practically destroy civilization.",
    "56e1066be3433e1400422ae4": "Tesla theorized that the application of electricity to the brain enhanced intelligence.",
    "56e1066be3433e1400422ae5": "In 1912, he crafted \"a plan to make dull students",
    "56e1066be3433e1400422ae6": "The plan was, at least provisionally approved by then superintendent of New York City schools",
    "56e1066be3433e1400422ae7": "William H. Maxwell.",
    "56e1075ae3433e1400422afa": "Before World War I",
    "56e1075ae3433e1400422afb": "Tesla lost the funding he was receiving from his patents in European countries.",
    "56e1075ae3433e1400422afc": "Eventually, he sold Wardenclyffe for $20,000",
    "56e1075ae3433e1400422afd": "Eventually, he sold Wardenclyffe for",
    "56e1075ae3433e1400422afe": "After the war started, Tesla lost the funding he was receiving from his patents in European countries",
    "56e108abe3433e1400422b0c": "\"",
    "56e108abe3433e1400422b0d": "dreaming correctly.\"",
    "56e108abe3433e1400422b0e": "Tesla",
    "56e108abe3433e1400422b0f": "France's first radar system in the 1930s",
    "56e1097dcd28a01900c6748f": "Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla;",
    "56e1097dcd28a01900c67490": "Nobel Prize",
    "56e1097dcd28a01900c67491": "There were unsubstantiated rumors at the time that Tesla and/or Edison had refused the prize",
    "56e1097dcd28a01900c67492": "r that a person has not been given a Nobel Prize bec",
    "56e10a28cd28a01900c674b1": "ey.:245",
    "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b3": "one of 38 possible bids in 1915 and Tesla did receive one of 38 possible bids in 1937).",
    "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b4": "one of 38 possible bids in 1915 and Tesla did receive one of 38 possible bids in 1937).",
    "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b5": "and Tesla did receive one of 38 possible bids in 1937)",
    "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b24": "In 1928, Tesla received his last patent",
    "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b25": "for a biplane capable of taking off vertically (VTOL aircraft) and",
    "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b26": "it was flying like a conventional plane.",
    "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b27": "rotor aircraft.",
    "56e10c61e3433e1400422b36": "Starting in 1934",
    "56e10c61e3433e1400422b37": ".",
    "56e10c61e3433e1400422b38": "It",
    "56e10c61e3433e1400422b39": "It has",
    "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d7": ".",
    "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d8": ".",
    "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d9": "Tesla announced a method of transmitting mechanical energy",
    "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674da": "the location of underground mineral deposits.",
    "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674db": "a method of accurately determining the location of underground mineral deposits.",
    "56e10ddce3433e1400422b48": ".",
    "56e10ddce3433e1400422b49": "Tesla",
    "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4a": "Tesla's back was severely wrenched and three of his ribs were broken in the accident (",
    "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4b": "him.",
    "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4c": "Tesla",
    "56e10e73cd28a01900c674eb": ".",
    "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ec": ".",
    "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ed": "being used against ground-based infantry or for anti-aircraft purposes.",
    "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ee": ".",
    "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ef": "The press variably referred to it as a \"peace ray\" or death ray.",
    "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5c": "I have built, demonstrated and used it.",
    "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5d": "I have built, demonstrated and used it.",
    "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5e": ".",
    "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5f": "that are accelerated via high voltage (by means akin to his magnifying transformer).",
    "56e10f14e3433e1400422b60": "Only a little time will pass before I can give it to the world.",
    "56e10fbacd28a01900c67509": "weapons.",
    "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750a": "During the same year, Tesla wrote a treatise",
    "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750b": "This treatise is currently in the Nikola Tesla Museum archive in Belgrade.",
    "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750c": "It describes an open-",
    "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750d": "that would put an end to all war.",
    "56e11044e3433e1400422b76": "Tesla said that efforts had been made to steal the invention.",
    "56e11044e3433e1400422b77": "the blueprint for the teleforce weapon was all in his mind.",
    "56e11044e3433e1400422b78": "but the thieves, or spies, left empty-handed.",
    "56e110c3cd28a01900c67531": "Tesla died alone in room 3327 of the New Yorker Hotel.",
    "56e110c3cd28a01900c67532": "Tesla had placed on his door two days earlier.",
    "56e110c3cd28a01900c67533": "His body was later found by maid Alice Monaghan af",
    "56e110c3cd28a01900c67534": "Tesla had placed on his door two days earlier.",
    "56e110c3cd28a01900c67535": "the cause of death had been coronary thrombosis.",
    "56e11161e3433e1400422b86": "Tesla's belongings, even though Tesla was an American citizen.",
    "56e11161e3433e1400422b87": "the FBI ordered the Alien Property Custodian to seize Tesla's belongings",
    "56e11161e3433e1400422b89": "would constitute a hazard in unfriendly hands",
    "56e11161e3433e1400422b8a": "belongings, even though Tesla was an American citizen.",
    "56e111e5e3433e1400422b90": ".",
    "56e111e5e3433e1400422b91": ".",
    "56e111e5e3433e1400422b92": "where it was later cremated.",
    "56e111e5e3433e1400422b93": "Tesla at the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine.",
    "56e111e5e3433e1400422b94": "where it was later cremated.",
    "56e1127bcd28a01900c67549": "N",
    "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754a": "following pressure from Tesla's nephew",
    "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754b": "Charlotte Muzar transported Tesla's ashes from the United States to Belgrade.",
    "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754c": ".",
    "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754d": ".",
    "56e11996e3433e1400422bde": "some that have lain hidden in patent archives.",
    "56e11996e3433e1400422bdf": "Many inventions developed by Tesla were not put into patent protection.",
    "56e11996e3433e1400422be0": "but many other patents were approved in countries around the globe.",
    "56e11996e3433e1400422be1": "some that have lain hidden in patent archives.",
    "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b5": "his dinner order to the headwaiter, who also could be the only one to serve him.",
    "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b6": "him.",
    "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b7": "Tesla would then resume his work, often until 3:00 a.m.",
    "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b8": "who also could be the only one to serve him.",
    "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf0": "For exercise, Tesla walked between 8 to 10 miles per day.",
    "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf1": "For exercise, Tesla walked between 8 to 10 miles per day.",
    "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf2": "saying that it stimulated his brain cells.",
    "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf3": "saying that it stimulated his brain cells.",
    "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c7": "Tesla said that he did not believe in telepathy",
    "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c8": "In an interview with newspaper editor Arthur Brisbane",
    "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c9": "Tesla said that he believed that all fundamental laws could be reduced to one.",
    "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d7": "He said that he had been visited by a specific injured white pigeon daily.",
    "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d8": "He said that he had been visited by a specific injured white pigeon daily.",
    "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d9": "He said that he had been visited by a specific injured white pigeon daily.",
    "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675da": "He said that he had been visited by a specific injured white pigeon daily.",
    "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675db": "He said that he had been visited by a specific injured white pigeon daily.",
    "56e11c24e3433e1400422c18": "Tesla was 6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) tall and weighed",
    "56e11c24e3433e1400422c19": "Tesla was 6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) tall and",
    "56e11c24e3433e1400422c1a": "with almost no weight variance from",
    "56e11c24e3433e1400422c1b": "He was an elegant, stylish figure in New York City,",
    "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e7": "He typically did not make drawings by hand but worked from memory.",
    "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e8": "During his early life, Tesla was repeatedly stricken with illness.",
    "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e9": "Tesla",
    "56e11cedcd28a01900c675ea": "33",
    "56e11cedcd28a01900c675eb": "He typically did not make drawings by hand but worked from memory.",
    "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f1": "sometimes spending more than 48 hours in a stretch at a gaming table.",
    "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f2": "rest.",
    "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f3": "and when he felt he had arrived at the solution, he suddenly closed the telephone.",
    "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f4": "telephone.",
    "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f5": "whom Tesla had befriended, confirmed that Tesla rarely slept.",
    "56e11e57e3433e1400422c28": "he said his chastity was very helpful to his scientific abilities.",
    "56e11e57e3433e1400422c29": "I made too great a sacrifice to my work ...",
    "56e11e57e3433e1400422c2a": "Sometimes I feel that by not marrying, I made too great a sacrifice to my work ...",
    "56e11f05e3433e1400422c2e": "Tesla was asocial and prone to seclude himself with his work.",
    "56e11f05e3433e1400422c2f": "Tesla was asocial and prone to seclude himself with his work. However",
    "56e11f05e3433e1400422c30": "Tesla was asocial and prone to seclude himself with his work.",
    "56e11f05e3433e1400422c31": "Tesla was asocial and prone to seclude himself with his work.",
    "56e11f05e3433e1400422c32": "Tesla was asocial and prone to seclude himself with his work.",
    "56e11f83cd28a01900c67611": "Tesla was a good friend of",
    "56e11f83cd28a01900c67612": "Tesla occasionally attended dinner parties held by Viereck and his wife.",
    "56e11f83cd28a01900c67613": "Tesla occasionally attended dinner parties held by Viereck and his wife.",
    "56e12005cd28a01900c67617": "when he fired a secretary because of her weight.",
    "56e12005cd28a01900c67618": "when he fired a secretary because of her weight.",
    "56e12005cd28a01900c67619": "when he fired a secretary because of her weight.",
    "56e12005cd28a01900c6761a": "her weight.",
    "56e120a1e3433e1400422c38": "an experimental vacuum and that they had nothing to do with electricity).",
    "56e120a1e3433e1400422c39": ").",
    "56e120a1e3433e1400422c3a": "he believed that if electrons existed at all",
    "56e120a1e3433e1400422c3b": "the 19th century concept of an all pervasive \"ether\" that transmitted electrical energy.",
    "56e12110e3433e1400422c4a": "He was also critical of Einstein's theory of relativity, saying:",
    "56e12110e3433e1400422c4b": "Tesla was generally antagonistic towards theories about the conversion of matter into energy.",
    "56e12110e3433e1400422c4c": "He was also critical of Einstein's theory of relativity, saying:",
    "56e121b7e3433e1400422c50": "in 1937",
    "56e121b7e3433e1400422c51": "Tesla claimed",
    "56e121b7e3433e1400422c52": "false conceptions, as that of curved space.",
    "56e121b7e3433e1400422c53": "a \"dynamic theory of gravity\" that",
    "56e122dacd28a01900c67639": "Tesla, like many of his era",
    "56e122dacd28a01900c6763a": "His advocacy of it was, however, to push it further.",
    "56e122dacd28a01900c6763b": "His opinion stemmed from the belief that humans",
    "56e122dacd28a01900c6763c": ".",
    "56e1239acd28a01900c67641": "\"Queen Bees.",
    "56e1239acd28a01900c67642": "He believed that women would become the dominant sex in the future.",
    "56e1239acd28a01900c67643": "that humanity's future would be run by \"Queen Bees.\"",
    "56e12477e3433e1400422c5e": "Tesla made predictions",
    "56e12477e3433e1400422c5f": "Science and Discovery are the great Forces",
    "56e12477e3433e1400422c60": "which will lead to the Consummation of the War\" (20 December 1914).",
    "56e12477e3433e1400422c61": "Tesla believed that the League of Nations was not a remedy for the times and issues.",
    "56e124f1cd28a01900c6764f": "Tesla was raised an Orthodox Christian.",
    "56e124f1cd28a01900c67650": "Tesla was raised an Orthodox Christian.",
    "56e124f1cd28a01900c67651": "Despite this, he had a profound respect for both Buddhism and Christianity.",
    "56e1254ae3433e1400422c66": "For example, in his article, \"A Machine to End War\", published in 1937,",
    "56e1254ae3433e1400422c67": "However, his religious views remain uncertain due to other statements that he made.",
    "56e1254ae3433e1400422c68": "\"A Machine to End War\", published in 1937, Tesla stated:",
    "56e125b6e3433e1400422c6c": "Tesla wrote a number of books and articles for magazines and journals.",
    "56e125b6e3433e1400422c6d": "Tesla wrote a number of books and articles for magazines and journals.",
    "56e125b6e3433e1400422c6e": "are My Inventions: The Autobiography of Nikola Tesla, compiled and edited by Ben Johnston;",
    "56e1262fcd28a01900c67655": "Many of Tesla's writings",
    "56e1262fcd28a01900c67656": "and the article \"Experiments With Alternate Currents Of High Potential And High Frequency,",
    "56e1262fcd28a01900c67657": "Tesla",
    "56e126dae3433e1400422c7c": "Tesla is a recurring theme in several types of science fiction.",
    "56e126dae3433e1400422c7d": "Tesla is a recurring theme in several types of science fiction.",
    "56e126dae3433e1400422c7e": "Tesla is a recurring theme in several types of science fiction.",
    "56e127bccd28a01900c6765b": "On Tesla's 75th birthday in 1931, Time magazine put him on its cover.",
    "56e127bccd28a01900c6765c": "Time magazine put him on its cover.",
    "56e127bccd28a01900c6765d": ".",
    "56e127bccd28a01900c6765e": "Albert Einstein.",
    "56e127bccd28a01900c6765f": "Albert Einstein.",
    "56e16182e3433e1400422e28": "her.",
    "56e16182e3433e1400422e29": ".",
    "56e16182e3433e1400422e2a": "computational problem is",
    "56e16839cd28a01900c67887": "whatever the algorithm used.",
    "56e16839cd28a01900c67888": "the amount of resources needed to solve them, such as time and storage.",
    "56e16839cd28a01900c67889": "ting).",
    "56e16839cd28a01900c6788a": ".",
    "56e16839cd28a01900c6788b": "do.",
    "56e17644e3433e1400422f40": ".",
    "56e17644e3433e1400422f41": ".",
    "56e17644e3433e1400422f42": "could be used to solve the same problem.",
    "56e17644e3433e1400422f43": "restricted resources.",
    "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a1": "input.",
    "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a2": "a problem refers to the abstract question to be solved.",
    "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a3": "In contrast, an instance of this problem is a rather concrete utterance,",
    "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a4": "A computational problem can",
    "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a5": "ponding to the given input.",
    "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f7f": "asking for a round trip through all sites in Milan whose total length is at most 10 km.",
    "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f80": ".",
    "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f81": "For this reason, complexity theory addresses computational problems and not particular problem instances.",
    "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa0": "When considering computational problems, a problem instance is a string over an alphabet.",
    "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa1": "When considering computational problems, a problem instance is a string over an alphabet.",
    "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa2": "When considering computational problems, a problem instance is a string over an alphabet.",
    "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa3": ".",
    "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa4": ".",
    "56e190bce3433e1400422fc8": "t.",
    "56e190bce3433e1400422fc9": "A decision problem is a special type of computational problem wh",
    "56e190bce3433e1400422fca": "whose answer is either yes or no, or alternately either 1 or 0.",
    "56e190bce3433e1400422fcb": ".",
    "56e190bce3433e1400422fcc": "the algorithm is said to accept the input string,",
    "56e19557e3433e1400422fee": "An example of a decision problem is the following.",
    "56e19557e3433e1400422ff0": "The formal language associated with this decision problem is",
    "56e19557e3433e1400422ff1": "one has to decide how graphs are encoded as binary strings.",
    "56e19724cd28a01900c679f6": "A function problem is a computational problem wh",
    "56e19724cd28a01900c679f7": "that is, it isn't just yes or no.",
    "56e19724cd28a01900c679f8": "Notable examples include the traveling salesman problem and the integer factorization problem.",
    "56e19724cd28a01900c679f9": "Notable examples include the traveling salesman problem and the integer factorization problem.",
    "56e19724cd28a01900c679fa": "Notable examples include the traveling salesman problem and the integer factorization problem.",
    "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2e": "However, this is not really the case, since function problems can be recast as decision problems.",
    "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2f": ".",
    "56e1a38de3433e140042305c": "To measure the difficulty of solving a computational problem,",
    "56e1a38de3433e140042305d": "one may wish to see how much time the best algorithm requires to solve the problem.",
    "56e1a38de3433e140042305e": ".",
    "56e1a38de3433e140042305f": "This is usually taken to be the size of the input in bits.",
    "56e1a38de3433e1400423060": "Complexity theory is interested in how algorithms scale with an increase in the input size.",
    "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a48": "if it admits a polynomial time algorithm.",
    "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a49": "If the input size is n, the time taken can be expressed as a function of n.",
    "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4a": "If the input size is n, the time taken can be expressed as a function of n.",
    "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4b": "If the input size is n, the time taken can be expressed as a function of n.",
    "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4c": "then the algorithm is said to be a polynomial time algorithm.",
    "56e1aba0e3433e1400423094": "A Turing machine is a mathematical model of a general computing machine.",
    "56e1aba0e3433e1400423095": "It is believed that if a problem can be solved by an algorithm",
    "56e1aba0e3433e1400423097": "the Turing machine is the most commonly used model in complexity theory.",
    "56e1aba0e3433e1400423098": "It is a theoretical device that manipulates symbols contained on a strip of tape.",
    "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a68": "A deterministic Turing machine",
    "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a69": "which uses a fixed set of rules to determine its future actions.",
    "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6a": "Algorithms that use random bits are called randomized algorithms.",
    "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6b": "One",
    "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6c": "Algorithms that use random bits are called randomized algorithms.",
    "56e1b00ce3433e140042309e": "Turing machines are used to define complexity classes",
    "56e1b00ce3433e140042309f": "some of these may be more powerful than others.",
    "56e1b00ce3433e14004230a1": "Many types of Turing machines",
    "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a72": "Many machine models different",
    "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a73": "Turing machines have been proposed in the literature, for example random access machines.",
    "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a74": "What all these models have in common is that the machines operate deterministically.",
    "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a75": "Many machine models different from the standard multi-tape Turing machines",
    "56e1b355e3433e14004230b0": ".",
    "56e1b355e3433e14004230b1": "some computational problems are easier to analyze in terms of more unusual resources.",
    "56e1b355e3433e14004230b2": ".",
    "56e1b355e3433e14004230b3": ".",
    "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa3": "The time required by a deterministic Turing machine M",
    "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa4": "one defines sets of problems based on some criteria.",
    "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa5": "a computational model such as the deterministic Turing machine is used.",
    "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa6": "a computational model such as the deterministic Turing machine is used.",
    "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abc": ".",
    "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abd": "any complexity measure can be viewed as a computational resource.",
    "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abe": "any complexity measure can be viewed as a computational resource.",
    "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abf": "any complexity measure can be viewed as a computational resource.",
    "56e1b754cd28a01900c67ac0": "any complexity measure can be viewed as a computational resource.",
    "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e6": ".",
    "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e7": ".",
    "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e8": ".",
    "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e9": ".",
    "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae0": "This solves the problem of sorting a list of integers that is given as the input.",
    "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae1": "this case.",
    "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae2": "(n2) for this case.",
    "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423104": ".",
    "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423105": "Analyzing a particular algorithm falls under the field of analysis of algorithms.",
    "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423106": "How",
    "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423107": "can have time complexity lower than T(n).",
    "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423108": "The complexity of an algorithm is",
    "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afc": ".",
    "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afd": "which hides constant factors and smaller terms.",
    "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afe": "in big O notation one would write T(n) = O(n2).",
    "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67aff": "Up",
    "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2c": "some complexity classes have complicated definitions that do not fit into this framework.",
    "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2d": "some complexity classes have complicated definitions that do not fit into this framework.",
    "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2e": "some complexity classes have complicated definitions that do not fit into this framework.",
    "56e1c2eee3433e1400423134": "complexity classes that depend on the chosen machine model.",
    "56e1c2eee3433e1400423135": "but necessarily requires quadratic time in the model of single-tape Turing machines.",
    "56e1c2eee3433e1400423136": "but necessarily requires quadratic time in the model of single-tape Turing machines.",
    "56e1c2eee3433e1400423137": ".",
    "56e1c2eee3433e1400423138": "vable by a deterministic Turing machine within polynomial time.",
    "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423148": ".",
    "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423149": "used by the algorithm.",
    "56e1c3e1e3433e140042314a": "bounding the time or space used by the algorithm.",
    "56e1c4fce3433e140042314e": "which are defined using probabilistic Turing machines;",
    "56e1c4fce3433e140042314f": "AC and NC, which are defined using Boolean circuits",
    "56e1c4fce3433e1400423150": "BQP and QMA, which are defined using quantum Turing machines",
    "56e1c4fce3433e1400423151": "is an important complexity class of counting problems (not decision problems).",
    "56e1c4fce3433e1400423152": "Classes like IP and AM are defined using Interactive proof systems.",
    "56e1c720e3433e140042316a": "For the complexity classes defined in this way, it",
    "56e1c720e3433e140042316b": "solved.",
    "56e1c720e3433e140042316c": ".",
    "56e1c720e3433e140042316d": ".",
    "56e1c720e3433e140042316e": "can be solved.",
    "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b74": "The time and space",
    "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b75": "For instance, the time hierarchy theorem tells us that",
    "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b76": "is strictly contained in PSPACE.",
    "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423192": "Many complexity classes are defined using the concept of a reduction.",
    "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423193": "A reduction is a transformation of one problem into another problem.",
    "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423194": "X is no more difficult than Y, and we say that X reduces to Y.",
    "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423195": "There are many different types of reductions,",
    "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423196": "such as polynomial-time reductions or log-space reductions.",
    "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bac": "The most commonly used reduction is a polynomial-time reduction.",
    "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bad": ".",
    "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bae": "The most commonly used reduction is a polynomial-time reduction.",
    "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67baf": ".",
    "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bb0": ".",
    "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a4": "depends on the type of reduction being used.",
    "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a5": "if every problem in C can be reduced to X.",
    "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a6": "an algorithm for X allows us to solve any problem in C.",
    "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a8": "the set of problems that are hard for NP is the set of NP-hard problems.",
    "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cb": "Thus the class of NP-complete problems con",
    "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cc": "Bec",
    "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cd": ".",
    "56e1d9fee3433e14004231ce": "can be solved in polynomial time would mean that P = NP.",
    "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bca": "computational tasks that admit an efficient algorithm.",
    "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcb": ".",
    "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcc": "This hypothesis is called the Cobham\u2013Edmonds thesis.",
    "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcd": "the Cobham\u2013Edmonds thesis.",
    "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bce": "it is easily observed that each problem in P is also member of the class NP.",
    "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d5": ".",
    "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d6": "The P versus NP problem",
    "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d8": "There is a US$1,000,000 prize for resolving the problem.",
    "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd4": "then there exist problems in NP that are neither in P nor NP-complete.",
    "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd5": "It was shown by Ladner that",
    "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd6": ".",
    "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fc": "whether two finite graphs are isomorphic.",
    "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fd": "ether two finite graphs are isomorphic.",
    "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fe": "If graph isomorphism is NP-complete,",
    "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231ff": "the polynomial time hierarchy collapses to its second level.",
    "56e1e9dfe3433e1400423200": "whether two finite graphs are isomorphic.",
    "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0a": "the prime factorization of a given integer.",
    "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0b": "the input has a factor less than k.",
    "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0c": "No efficient integer factorization algorithm is known,",
    "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0e": "The best known algorithm for integer factorization is",
    "56e1ee4de3433e1400423210": "it is possible that all these complexity classes collapse to one class.",
    "56e1ee4de3433e1400423211": "Many known complexity classes are suspected to be unequal,",
    "56e1ee4de3433e1400423212": "Many known complexity classes",
    "56e1ee4de3433e1400423214": ".",
    "56e1efa0e3433e140042321a": "Along the same lines",
    "56e1efa0e3433e140042321b": "with the yes/no answers reversed) of NP problems.",
    "56e1efa0e3433e140042321c": "It is believed that NP is not equal to co-NP;",
    "56e1efa0e3433e140042321d": "It is believed that NP is not equal to co-NP;",
    "56e1f10ee3433e1400423222": "L (the set of all problems that can be solved in logarithmic space)",
    "56e1f10ee3433e1400423223": "or",
    "56e1f10ee3433e1400423224": "P or",
    "56e1f10ee3433e1400423225": "or equal to P.",
    "56e1f10ee3433e1400423226": "is strictly contained in P or equal to P.",
    "56e1fc57e3433e140042322c": "are known as intractable problems.",
    "56e1fc57e3433e140042322f": ".",
    "56e1fc57e3433e1400423230": "I",
    "56e1febfe3433e1400423236": "Saying that a problem is not in P do",
    "56e1febfe3433e1400423237": ".",
    "56e1febfe3433e1400423238": "yet algorithms have been written that solve the problem in reasonable times in most cases.",
    "56e1febfe3433e1400423239": "Similarly, algorithms can solve the NP-complete knapsack problem over",
    "56e1febfe3433e140042323a": ".",
    "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c14": "started off, numerous foundations were laid out by various researchers.",
    "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c15": "Be",
    "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c16": "which turned out to be a very robust and flexible simplification of a computer.",
    "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c17": ".",
    "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c18": "Before",
    "56e202e9e3433e1400423240": "Richard Stearns (1965)",
    "56e202e9e3433e1400423241": "by Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns (1965)",
    "56e202e9e3433e1400423242": "(2003)",
    "56e202e9e3433e1400423243": "Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns (1965)",
    "56e202e9e3433e1400423244": "Edmonds defined a \"good\" algorithm as",
    "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1e": "John Myhill's definition of linear bounded automata (Myhill 1960)",
    "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1f": "Raymond Smullyan's study of rudimentary sets (1961)",
    "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c20": "(1962)",
    "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c24": "Even though",
    "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c25": "be independent of the choice of encoding.",
    "56e20a3ae3433e140042324a": "In 1967,",
    "56e20a3ae3433e140042324b": ".",
    "56e20a3ae3433e140042324d": "In 1972, Richard Karp took this idea a leap forward with his landmark paper",
    "56e20a3ae3433e140042324e": "ich he showed that 21 diverse combinatorial and graph theoretical problems,",
    "56e7477700c9c71400d76f23": "ich is called the curriculum.",
    "56e7477700c9c71400d76f24": "teaching.",
    "56e7477700c9c71400d76f25": ".",
    "56e7477700c9c71400d76f26": ".",
    "56e7477700c9c71400d76f27": "riculum.",
    "56e748a200c9c71400d76f37": "A teacher's role may vary among cultures.",
    "56e748a200c9c71400d76f38": "A teacher's role may vary among cultures.",
    "56e748a200c9c71400d76f39": "Teachers may",
    "56e748a200c9c71400d76f3a": "A teacher's role may vary among cultures.",
    "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f51": "In some countries, formal education can take place through home schooling.",
    "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f52": "In some countries, formal education can take place through home schooling.",
    "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f53": "In some countries, formal education can take place through home schooling.",
    "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f54": ".",
    "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f55": ".",
    "56e74af500c9c71400d76f65": "may teach religious texts such as the Quran, Torah or Bible.",
    "56e74af500c9c71400d76f66": "may teach religious texts such as the Quran, Torah or Bible.",
    "56e74af500c9c71400d76f67": "may teach religious texts such as the Quran, Torah or Bible.",
    "56e74af500c9c71400d76f68": "may teach religious texts such as the Quran, Torah or Bible.",
    "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e33": "Teaching may be carried out informally, within the family",
    "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e34": "Formal teaching may be carried out by paid professionals.",
    "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e35": "CPA).",
    "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e36": "which is called homeschooling, or in the wider community.",
    "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e37": ".",
    "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f6e": ".",
    "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f6f": "A teacher's professional duties may extend beyond formal teaching.",
    "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f70": "A teacher's professional duties may extend beyond formal teaching.",
    "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f71": "In some education systems, teachers may have responsibility for student discipline.",
    "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f76": ".",
    "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f77": ".",
    "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f78": ".",
    "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f79": "Around the world many governments operate teacher's colleges",
    "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f7a": ".",
    "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f94": "The functions of the teacher's colleges may",
    "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f95": "In still other areas Teaching Unions may be responsible for some or all of these duties.",
    "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f96": "In many situations teachers in publicly funded schools",
    "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f97": "be college peoples.",
    "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f98": ".",
    "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5b": "A teacher who teaches on an individual basis may be described as a tutor.",
    "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5c": "A teacher who teaches on an individual basis may be described as a tutor.",
    "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5d": "A teacher who teaches on an individual basis may be described as a tutor.",
    "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5e": ".",
    "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fa8": ".",
    "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fa9": "Different ways to teach are often referred to as pedagogy.",
    "56e751fb00c9c71400d76faa": ".",
    "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fab": "has begun to shape the way teachers approach their roles in the classroom.",
    "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fac": "e, has begun to shape the way teachers approach their roles in the classroom.",
    "56e7535037bdd419002c3e6f": "The objective",
    "56e7535037bdd419002c3e70": "A teacher may follow standardized curricula as determined by the relevant authority.",
    "56e7535037bdd419002c3e71": ".",
    "56e7535037bdd419002c3e72": ". A teacher may follow standardized curricula as determined by the relevant authority.",
    "56e7535037bdd419002c3e73": "A teacher may follow standardized curricula as determined by the relevant authority.",
    "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbc": ".",
    "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbd": ".",
    "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbe": "the timid,",
    "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbf": ".",
    "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fc0": ".",
    "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc6": "Perhaps",
    "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc7": "In primary schools each class has a teacher wh",
    "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc8": "who stays with them for most of the week and will teach them the whole curriculum.",
    "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc9": "In primary schools",
    "56e7550700c9c71400d76fca": "course of the day.",
    "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8b": "s.",
    "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8c": ".",
    "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8d": "s.",
    "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8e": "s.",
    "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8f": "s.",
    "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e95": "Co-teaching has also become a new trend amongst educational institutions.",
    "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e96": "the needs of every student in the classroom.",
    "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e97": ".",
    "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e98": "the needs of every student in the classroom.",
    "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e99": "providing a social networking support that allows them to reach their full cognitive potential.",
    "56e7578a37bdd419002c3ea9": "the most common form of school discipline was corporal punishment.",
    "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eaa": "While a child was in school,",
    "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eab": "a teacher was expected to act as a substitute parent,",
    "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eac": "the most common form of school discipline was corporal punishment.",
    "56e7578a37bdd419002c3ead": "a teacher was expected to act as a substitute parent,",
    "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb3": "one of the most common forms of school discipline throughout much of the world.",
    "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb4": "In past times",
    "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb5": "In past times",
    "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb6": "one of the most common forms of school discipline throughout much of the world.",
    "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb7": "In past times",
    "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fec": "30 US",
    "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fed": "the punishment is usually given privately in the principal's office.",
    "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fee": "It is still used to a significant (though declining",
    "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fef": ".",
    "56e7591b00c9c71400d76ff0": "the punishment is usually given privately in the principal's office.",
    "56e759bb00c9c71400d77000": ".",
    "56e759bb00c9c71400d77001": "For details of individual countries see School corporal punishment.",
    "56e759bb00c9c71400d77002": ".",
    "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec7": ".",
    "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec8": ".",
    "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec9": "It requires the pupil to remain in school at",
    "56e75a9037bdd419002c3eca": "It requires the pupil to remain in school at a given time in the school day (",
    "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ecb": "During detention,",
    "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed1": "upon the idea of an assertive teacher",
    "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed2": "what is appropriate and inappropriate behavior.",
    "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed3": "what is appropriate and inappropriate behavior.",
    "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed4": "what is appropriate and inappropriate behavior.",
    "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed5": "Teachers are expected to respect their students;",
    "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef5": "Whil",
    "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef6": "This viewpoint is supported by the educational attainment of countries",
    "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef7": "Such individuals claim that many problems with modern schooling stem from",
    "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef8": ".",
    "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702c": "In Japan",
    "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702d": "many teachers find the students unmanageable and do not enforce discipline at all.",
    "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702e": "is highly problematic.",
    "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702f": ".",
    "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703a": "taught.",
    "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703b": "taught.",
    "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703c": ".",
    "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703d": ".",
    "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703e": ".",
    "56e7611500c9c71400d77054": "Sudbury model",
    "56e7611500c9c71400d77055": ".",
    "56e7611500c9c71400d77056": ".",
    "56e7611500c9c71400d77057": ".",
    "56e7611500c9c71400d77058": "Sudbury model",
    "56e761d037bdd419002c3f13": ".",
    "56e761d037bdd419002c3f14": "These teachers do",
    "56e761d037bdd419002c3f15": ".",
    "56e761d037bdd419002c3f17": ".",
    "56e762fe00c9c71400d77072": "higher levels of intrinsic motivation to learn.",
    "56e762fe00c9c71400d77073": "Stu",
    "56e762fe00c9c71400d77074": ".",
    "56e762fe00c9c71400d77075": "Controlled, experimental studies exploring intrinsic motivation of college students",
    "56e762fe00c9c71400d77076": "higher levels of intrinsic motivation to learn.",
    "56e763e800c9c71400d77086": "En",
    "56e763e800c9c71400d77087": "Also, enthusiasm may act as a \"motivational embellishment\";",
    "56e763e800c9c71400d77088": "Students may become more intrinsically motivated by catching on",
    "56e763e800c9c71400d77089": "which feed student interest and excitement in learning the subject matter.",
    "56e764e200c9c71400d7708e": ".",
    "56e764e200c9c71400d7708f": "teachers are particularly good at creating beneficial relations with their students.",
    "56e764e200c9c71400d77090": "whereas academic success includes the goals he receives from his superior.",
    "56e764e200c9c71400d77091": "A",
    "56e764e200c9c71400d77092": ".",
    "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a2": "Students are likely to build stronger relations with teachers wh",
    "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a4": "Students are likely to build stronger relations with teachers wh",
    "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a5": "Teachers that spend more time inter",
    "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a6": "Students are likely to build stronger relations with teachers wh",
    "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f49": "The",
    "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4a": "If they do not enjoy what they are doing, the students will be able to tell.",
    "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4b": "A spark in the teacher may create a spark of excitement in the student as well.",
    "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4c": ".",
    "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4d": "If they do not enjoy what they are doing, the students will be able to tell.",
    "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f53": "the media and the courts.",
    "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f54": "to have received unwanted sexual attention from an adult associated with education;",
    "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f55": "the courts.",
    "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f56": "a and the courts.",
    "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f57": "has been getting increased scrutiny from the media and the courts.",
    "56e7683d00c9c71400d770ca": "A study in England showed a 0.3% prevalence of sexual abuse by any professional,",
    "56e7683d00c9c71400d770cb": "A study in England showed a 0.3% prevalence of sexual abuse by any professional,",
    "56e7683d00c9c71400d770cd": "A study in England",
    "56e7683d00c9c71400d770ce": "The sample was drawn from a list of 80,000 schools to",
    "56e768ce37bdd419002c3f67": ".",
    "56e768ce37bdd419002c3f69": "In the United States especially",
    "56e769dc00c9c71400d770e8": "This has in some jurisdictions reportedly led to a shortage of male teachers.",
    "56e769dc00c9c71400d770e9": "Chris Keates, the general secretary of National Association of Schoolmasters Union of Women Teachers",
    "56e769dc00c9c71400d770ea": ".",
    "56e769dc00c9c71400d770eb": "This has in some jurisdictions reportedly led to a shortage of male teachers.",
    "56e769dc00c9c71400d770ec": "the sex offenders register and that prosecution for statutory rape \"",
    "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f75": "which can negatively impact teachers' mental and physical health,",
    "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f76": "Stress can",
    "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f77": "Teachers are also at high risk for occupational burnout.",
    "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f78": "Stress can be caused by organizational change,",
    "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f79": "teachers' mental and physical health, productivity, and students' performance.",
    "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f7f": "A 2000 study found that 42% of UK teachers experienced occupational stress",
    "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f80": "A 2000 study found that",
    "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f81": "twice the figure for the average profession.",
    "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f82": "A 2012",
    "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f83": "the rate of anxiety, depression, and stress than average workers.",
    "56e76c6a00c9c71400d7710e": ".",
    "56e76c6a00c9c71400d7710f": "Organizational interventions, like changing teachers' schedules,",
    "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77110": ".",
    "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77111": "may be effective in helping to reduce occupational stress among teachers.",
    "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77112": "changing the work environment, and offering promotions and bonuses,",
    "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f93": "In almost all countries teachers are educated in a university or college.",
    "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f94": ".",
    "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f95": "In",
    "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f96": "In",
    "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f97": ".",
    "56e76de800c9c71400d77122": ".",
    "56e76de800c9c71400d77123": "colleges).",
    "56e76de800c9c71400d77124": "followed by secondary education (secondary schools/high schools)",
    "56e76de800c9c71400d77125": "and tertiary education (universities and/or TAFE colleges).",
    "56e76de800c9c71400d77126": "Generally, education in Australia follows the three-tier model wh",
    "56e76ea737bdd419002c3f9d": "Salary ranges from $40,000/year to $90,000/yr.",
    "56e76ea737bdd419002c3f9e": "Teachers have the option to teach for a public school wh",
    "56e76ea737bdd419002c3fa1": "ich is funded by the private sector, businesses and sponsors.",
    "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712c": "In Germany",
    "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712d": "In Germany",
    "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712e": ".",
    "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712f": "In Germany",
    "56e76f7000c9c71400d77130": ".",
    "56e7714a00c9c71400d77137": "the Irish language, in a Gaeltacht area or on an island.",
    "56e7714a00c9c71400d77138": "The basic pay for a starting teacher is \u20ac27,814 p.a.",
    "56e7714a00c9c71400d77139": "for a teacher with 25 years service.",
    "56e7714a00c9c71400d7713a": "\u20ac90,000.",
    "56e7721500c9c71400d77140": "Teachers are required to be registered with the Teaching Council;",
    "56e7721500c9c71400d77141": ".",
    "56e7721500c9c71400d77142": ".",
    "56e7721500c9c71400d77143": "the Teaching Council - may not be paid from Oireachtas funds.",
    "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbb": "vetting has been introduced for new entrants to the teaching profession.",
    "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbc": ".",
    "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbe": "Existing staff will be vetted on a phased basis.",
    "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbf": "the school in any capacity including in a voluntary role\".",
    "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714a": ".",
    "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714b": ".",
    "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714c": "sed.",
    "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714d": "Teachers in state schools must have at least a bachelor's degree,",
    "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714e": "2007",
    "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd5": "Many",
    "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd6": "positions.",
    "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd7": "opportunities will vary by geographic area and subject taught.",
    "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd8": "Excellent job opportunities are",
    "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd9": "Excellent job opportunities are",
    "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715c": "In Scotland",
    "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715d": "Teaching in Scotland is",
    "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715e": "who offer these courses.",
    "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715f": "who offer these courses.",
    "56e775ec00c9c71400d77160": "met.",
    "56e7770037bdd419002c3fdf": "For the salary year beginning April 2008,",
    "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe0": "as",
    "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe1": "after 6 years teaching",
    "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe2": "after 6 years teaching",
    "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe3": ".",
    "56e777e500c9c71400d77176": "Education in Wales differs in certain respects from education elsewhere in the United Kingdom",
    "56e777e500c9c71400d77177": "16.",
    "56e777e500c9c71400d77178": "Welsh medi",
    "56e777e500c9c71400d77179": "hools used Welsh as the sole or main medium of instruction.",
    "56e777e500c9c71400d7717a": "We",
    "56e7788200c9c71400d77180": "Teachers in Wales",
    "56e7788200c9c71400d77181": "that the average age of teachers in Wales is falling with teachers be",
    "56e7788200c9c71400d77182": "which reached an all-time high between 2005 and 2010.",
    "56e7788200c9c71400d77183": "ATL, NUT or NASUWT",
    "56e7788200c9c71400d77184": "A growing cause of concern are that attacks on teachers in Welsh schools wh",
    "56e7796637bdd419002c3ffd": "the requirements for getting a license to teach in public schools.",
    "56e7796637bdd419002c3ffe": "but teachers can receive certificates that last as long as ten years.",
    "56e7796637bdd419002c3fff": "but teachers can receive certificates that last as long as ten years.",
    "56e7796637bdd419002c4000": "Many charter schools do not require that their teachers be certified,",
    "56e7796637bdd419002c4001": ".",
    "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718a": "In the past, teachers have been paid relatively low salaries.",
    "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718b": "However, average teacher salaries have improved rapidly in recent years.",
    "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718c": "Teachers.com.",
    "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718d": "In a salary survey report for K-12 teachers, elementary school teach",
    "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718e": ".com.",
    "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77194": "There are many forms of spiritual or religious teachers in Christianity",
    "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77196": ".",
    "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77197": "who is not always a bishop, and",
    "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77198": "There are many forms of spiritual or religious teachers in Christianity",
    "56e77c6737bdd419002c401d": ".",
    "56e77c6737bdd419002c401e": "who may hold any office, from Elder to Bishop, or no office at all.",
    "56e77c6737bdd419002c401f": "The emphasis on",
    "56e77c6737bdd419002c4020": "The emphasis on spiritual mentorship in the LDS Church is",
    "56e77c6737bdd419002c4021": "Even Priesthood representatives are expected to defer to the father of the house wh",
    "56e77cee00c9c71400d771a8": "In Hinduism",
    "56e77cee00c9c71400d771a9": "in the West - the emphasis on spiritual mentorship is extremely high,",
    "56e77cee00c9c71400d771aa": "with gurus often exercising a great deal of control over the lives of their disciples.",
    "56e77cee00c9c71400d771ab": "in the West - the emphasis on spiritual mentorship is extremely high,",
    "56e77da237bdd419002c403b": "the teachers of Dharma in Tibet are most commonly called a Lama.",
    "56e77da237bdd419002c403c": "A Lama who has through phowa and siddhi con",
    "56e77da237bdd419002c403d": "their Bodhisattva vow is called a Tulku.",
    "56e77da237bdd419002c403e": "A Lama who has through phowa and siddhi consciously determined",
    "56e77da237bdd419002c403f": "who has through phowa and siddhi consciously determined to be reborn,",
    "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b0": "who teach of the laws of Islam for the proper way of Islamic",
    "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b1": ".",
    "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b2": "There are many concepts of teachers in Islam,",
    "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b3": "the Five Pillars of Islam) sp",
    "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b4": "with emphasis on learning from living saints - the",
    "56f7c651aef2371900625bf5": ".",
    "56f7c651aef2371900625bf6": ".",
    "56f7c651aef2371900625bf7": "Luther came to reject several teachings and practices of the Late Medieval Catholic Church",
    "56f7c651aef2371900625bf8": ".",
    "56f7c651aef2371900625bf9": "His refusal to retract all of his writings",
    "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727a": "Luther taught",
    "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727b": "a free gift of God's grace through faith in Jesus Christ as redeemer from sin.",
    "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727c": "His theology challenged the authority and office of the Pope by teaching that the Bible is",
    "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727d": "the only source of divinely revealed knowledge from God and",
    "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727e": "all baptized Christians to be a holy priesthood.",
    "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17284": "which had a tremendous impact on the church and German culture.",
    "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17285": "which had a tremendous impact on the church and German culture.",
    "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17286": "Bible.",
    "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17287": "His hymns influenced the development of singing in churches.",
    "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17288": "His translation of the Bible into the vernacular (instead of Latin)",
    "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e1728e": ".",
    "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e1728f": ".",
    "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17290": "then part of the Holy Roman Empir",
    "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17291": "He was baptized as a Catholic the next morning on the feast day of St. Martin of Tours.",
    "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17292": ".",
    "56f7e9caaef2371900625c56": "beerhouse and whorehouse.",
    "56f7e9caaef2371900625c57": "he entered the University of Erfurt, which he later described as a beerhouse and whorehouse.",
    "56f7e9caaef2371900625c58": ".",
    "56f7e9caaef2371900625c59": "He",
    "56f7e9caaef2371900625c5a": "He received his master's degree in 1505.",
    "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172cd": ".",
    "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172ce": "perience.",
    "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172cf": ".",
    "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172d0": "He was deeply influenced by two tutors,",
    "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172d1": "For Luther, reason could be used to question men and institutions, but not God.",
    "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d7": "During a thunderstorm, a lightning bolt struck near him.",
    "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d8": "him.",
    "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d9": "he was returning to university on horseback after a trip home.",
    "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172da": "One friend blamed the decision on Luther's sadness over",
    "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172db": "His father was furious over what he saw as a waste of Luther's education.",
    "56f7ef96aef2371900625c74": "heart.",
    "56f7ef96aef2371900625c75": "Luther described this period of his life as one of deep spiritual despair.",
    "56f7ef96aef2371900625c76": "heart.",
    "56f7ef96aef2371900625c77": "Johann von Staupitz",
    "56f7ef96aef2371900625c78": ".",
    "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172eb": "he was ordained to the priesthood",
    "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ec": "Wittenberg, sent for Luther, to teach theology.",
    "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ed": "von Staupitz, first dean of the newly founded University of Wittenberg",
    "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ee": "He received a bachelor's degree in Biblical studies on 9 March 1508,",
    "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ef": "in 1509.",
    "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb0": "he was awarded his Doctor of Theology",
    "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb1": "was received into the senate of the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg",
    "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb2": "He spent the rest of his career in this position at the University of Wittenberg.",
    "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb3": "He spent the rest of his career in this position at the University of Wittenberg.",
    "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb4": "On 19 October 1512",
    "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17367": ".",
    "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17368": "Johann Tetzel",
    "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17369": "Roman Catholic",
    "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e1736a": "only on such faith as is active in charity and good works (fides caritate formata).",
    "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e1736b": ".",
    "56f7ffadaef2371900625d5e": "protesting the sale of indulgences.",
    "56f7ffadaef2371900625d5f": "On 31 October 1517, Luther wrote to his bishop",
    "56f7ffadaef2371900625d60": "He",
    "56f7ffadaef2371900625d61": "Hans Hillerbrand writes that Luther had no intention of confronting the church",
    "56f7ffadaef2371900625d62": "poor believers rather than with his own money?\"",
    "56f80143aef2371900625d68": "Luther objected to a saying attributed to Johann Tetzel that",
    "56f80143aef2371900625d69": ".",
    "56f80143aef2371900625d6a": ".",
    "56f80143aef2371900625d6b": "springs.",
    "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17377": "He insisted that, since forgiveness was God's alone to grant,",
    "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17378": ".",
    "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17379": "buyers from all punishments and granted them salvation were in error.",
    "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e1737a": ".",
    "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e1737b": "he said, must not slacken in following Christ on account of such false assurances.",
    "56f8046faef2371900625d71": "However",
    "56f8046faef2371900625d72": "However",
    "56f8046faef2371900625d73": "his teaching on indulgences for the living was in line with Catholic dogma of the time.",
    "56f8046faef2371900625d74": "his teaching on indulgences for the living was in line with Catholic dogma of the time.",
    "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17387": "has little foundation in truth.",
    "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17388": "it has settled as one of the pillars of history, has little foundation in truth.",
    "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17389": "the story of the posting on the door",
    "56f80604a6d7ea1400e1738a": "Philipp Melanchthon, though it is thought that he was not in Wittenberg at the time.",
    "56f80604a6d7ea1400e1738b": "the story of the posting on the door",
    "56f8074faef2371900625d79": "that friends of Luther translated the 95 Theses from Latin into German",
    "56f8074faef2371900625d7a": "making the controversy one of the first in history to be aided by the printing press.",
    "56f8074faef2371900625d7b": "95 Theses from Latin into German and printed and widely copied them,",
    "56f8074faef2371900625d7c": "Within two weeks, copies of the theses had spread throughout Germany;",
    "56f8074faef2371900625d7d": "they had spread throughout Europe.",
    "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17391": "France, England, and Italy as early as 1519.",
    "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17392": "Students thronged to Wittenberg to hear Luther speak.",
    "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17393": "This early part of Luther's career was one of his most creative and productive.",
    "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17394": "Three of his best-known works were published in",
    "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17395": "Three of his best-known works were published in 1520:",
    "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739b": "Fro",
    "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739c": "the Catholic Church in new ways.",
    "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739d": "by the Catholic Church in new ways.",
    "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739e": "had lost sight of what he saw as several of the central truths of Christianity.",
    "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739f": "which comprehends the understanding of all godliness.",
    "56f80ccfaef2371900625d83": "Luther came to understand justification as entirely the work of God.",
    "56f80ccfaef2371900625d84": "which was written in response to On Free Will by Desiderius Erasmus (1524).",
    "56f80ccfaef2371900625d85": "at is why faith alone makes someone just and fulfills the law,\" he wrote.",
    "56f80ccfaef2371900625d86": "He explained his concept of \"justification\" in the Smalcald Articles:",
    "56f80ccfaef2371900625d87": "the Bible speaks (as in Romans 1:17) lives by faith.",
    "56f80e1daef2371900625d8d": "was the first of two points that became the foundation for the Reformation.",
    "56f80e1daef2371900625d8e": "that became the foundation for the Reformation.",
    "56f80e1daef2371900625d8f": "the first of two points that became the foundation for the Reformation.",
    "56f80e1daef2371900625d90": "the first of two points that became the foundation for the Reformation.",
    "56f80fdfaef2371900625d95": "to Luther's letter containing the 95 Theses.",
    "56f80fdfaef2371900625d96": "He had the theses checked for heresy and in December 1517 forwarded them to Rome.",
    "56f80fdfaef2371900625d97": ".",
    "56f80fdfaef2371900625d98": "He had the theses checked for heresy and in December 1517 forwarded them to Rome.",
    "56f80fdfaef2371900625d99": "did not reply to Luther's letter containing the 95 Theses.",
    "56f811bdaef2371900625d9f": "Luther slipped out of the city at night, unbeknownst to Cajetan.",
    "56f811bdaef2371900625da0": "Luther",
    "56f811bdaef2371900625da1": "The Elector Frederick persuaded the pope to have Luther examined at Augsburg",
    "56f811bdaef2371900625da2": "the papacy was the Antichrist.",
    "56f811bdaef2371900625da3": "\"",
    "56f81393aef2371900625da9": "Luther made certain concessions to",
    "56f81393aef2371900625daa": "promised to remain silent if his opponents did.",
    "56f81393aef2371900625dab": "was determined to expose Luther's doctrine in a public forum.",
    "56f81393aef2371900625dac": "Luther",
    "56f81393aef2371900625dad": ".",
    "56f81537aef2371900625db3": "the Pope warned Luther with the papal bull (edict) Exsurge Domine",
    "56f81537aef2371900625db4": "he recanted 41 sentences drawn from his writings, including the 95 Theses, within 60 days.",
    "56f81537aef2371900625db5": "including the 95 Theses, within 60 days",
    "56f81537aef2371900625db6": "Karl von Miltitz, a papal nuncio, attempted to broker a solution",
    "56f81537aef2371900625db7": "As a consequence, Luther was excommunicated by Pope Leo X on 3 January 1521,",
    "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f1": "The enforcement of the ban on the 95 Theses fell to the secular authorities.",
    "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f2": "On 18 April 1521, Luther appeared as ordered before the Diet of Worms.",
    "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f3": "This was a general",
    "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f4": "It was conducted from 28 January to 25 May 1521, with Emperor Charles V presiding.",
    "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f5": "ed a safe conduct for Luther to and from the meeting.",
    "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fb": "Johann Eck, speaking on behalf of the Empire as assistant of the Archbishop of Trier",
    "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fc": "Johann Eck, speaking on behalf of the Empire as assistant of the Archbishop of Trier",
    "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fd": "whether he stood by their contents.",
    "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fe": "He prayed, consulted friends, and gave his response the next day:",
    "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173ff": "Luther with copies of his writings laid out on a table and asked him if the books were his",
    "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17415": "Luther raised his arm \"in the traditional salute of a knight winning a bout.",
    "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17416": "Luther raised his arm \"in the traditional salute of a knight winning a bout.",
    "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17417": "Michael Mullett considers this speech as a \"world classic of epoch-making oratory.",
    "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17418": "Michael Mullett considers this speech as a \"world classic of epoch-making oratory.",
    "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17427": "He is sometimes also quoted as saying: \"Here I stand. I can do no other\".",
    "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17428": "He is sometimes also quoted as saying: \"Here I stand. I can do no other\".",
    "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17429": "Recent scholars con",
    "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e1742a": "that Luther would tend to select the more dramatic form of words.",
    "56f827caa6d7ea1400e17439": "Luther's fate.",
    "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743a": "The Emperor presented the final draft of the Edict of Worms on 25 May 1521,",
    "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743b": "The",
    "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743c": "declaring Luther an outlaw, banning his literature, and requiring his arrest: \"",
    "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743d": "It permitted anyone to kill Luther without legal consequence.",
    "56f82989aef2371900625e6b": "Wittenberg by masked horsemen who were made to appear as armed highwaymen.",
    "56f82989aef2371900625e6c": "who were made to appear as armed highwaymen",
    "56f82989aef2371900625e6d": "They escorted Luther to the security of the Wartburg Castle at Eisenach.",
    "56f82989aef2371900625e6e": "writings.",
    "56f82989aef2371900625e6f": "whom he shamed into halting the sale of indulgences in",
    "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17457": "a sin.",
    "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17458": "God's grace (which cannot be earned) alone can make them just.",
    "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17459": "which cannot be earned) alone can make them just.",
    "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e1745a": "he argued that every good work designed to attract God's favor is a sin.",
    "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e1745b": "here, for this life is not a place where justice resides.",
    "56f84485aef2371900625f71": "to doctrines at the heart of Church practices.",
    "56f84485aef2371900625f72": "he condemned as idolatry the idea that the mass is a sacrifice,",
    "56f84485aef2371900625f73": "he condemned as idolatry the idea that the mass is a sacrifice,",
    "56f84485aef2371900625f74": "ether the Pope has the Power to Require It rejected compulsory confession and",
    "56f84485aef2371900625f75": "He assured monks and nuns that they could break their vows without sin, because vows",
    "56f845dba6d7ea1400e17519": "ich he broadened the foundations of the Reformation placing them on prophetic faith.",
    "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751a": "ich he broadened the foundations of the Reformation placing them on prophetic faith.",
    "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751b": "was centered on the prophecy of the Little Horn in Daniel 8:9\u201312, 23\u201325.",
    "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751c": "8:9\u201312, 23\u201325.",
    "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751d": "The antichrist of 2 Thessalonians 2 was identified as the power of the Papacy.",
    "56f84760aef2371900625f81": "Andreas Karlstadt, supported by the ex-Augustinian Gabriel Zwilling",
    "56f84760aef2371900625f82": "Wi",
    "56f84760aef2371900625f83": "The reforms provoked disturbances,",
    "56f84760aef2371900625f84": "Wittenberg became even more volatile after Christmas wh",
    "56f84760aef2371900625f85": "When the town council asked Luther to return, he decided it was his duty to act.",
    "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e1752f": "Luther secretly returned to Wittenberg on 6 March 1522.",
    "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17530": "rather than violence to bring about necessary change.",
    "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17531": "bring about necessary change.",
    "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17532": "Luther preached eight sermons",
    "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17533": "necessary change.",
    "56f84a60aef2371900625f9d": "The effect of Luther's intervention was immediate.",
    "56f84a60aef2371900625f9e": "Oh, what joy has Dr. Martin's return spread among us!",
    "56f84a60aef2371900625f9f": "the Wittenberg jurist Jerome Schurf wrote to the elector:",
    "56f84a60aef2371900625fa0": "Oh, what joy has Dr. Martin's return spread among us!",
    "56f84a60aef2371900625fa1": "people into the way of the truth.",
    "56f84b68aef2371900625fa7": "Luther next set about reversing or modifying the new church practices.",
    "56f84b68aef2371900625fa8": "he signalled his reinvention as a conservative force within the Reformation.",
    "56f84b68aef2371900625fa9": "Luther next set about reversing or modifying the new church practices.",
    "56f84b68aef2371900625faa": "who threatened the new order by fomenting social unrest and violence.",
    "56f84b68aef2371900625fab": ".",
    "56f84d33aef2371900625fb1": "Preachers such as Zwickau prophet Nicholas Storch",
    "56f84d33aef2371900625fb2": ".",
    "56f84d33aef2371900625fb3": "during which many atrocities were committed, often in Luther's name.",
    "56f84d33aef2371900625fb4": "he would support an attack on the upper classes in general.",
    "56f84d33aef2371900625fb5": ".",
    "56f84e63aef2371900625fc1": "but he reminded the aggrieved to obey the temporal authorities.",
    "56f84e63aef2371900625fc2": ".",
    "56f84e63aef2371900625fc3": "Luther",
    "56f84e63aef2371900625fc4": "but he reminded the aggrieved to obey the temporal authorities.",
    "56f84e63aef2371900625fc5": "dogs:",
    "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754b": "Luther justified his opposition to the rebels on three grounds.",
    "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754c": "they were ignoring Christ's counsel to",
    "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754d": "by God and therefore should not be resisted.",
    "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754e": "that all authorities are appointed by God and therefore should not be resisted.",
    "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754f": "deserved \"death in body and soul, if only as highwaymen and murderers.",
    "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755d": "many rebels laid down their weapons; others felt betrayed.",
    "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755e": "Their defeat by the Swabian League at the Battle of Frankenhausen on 15 May 1525,",
    "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755f": ".",
    "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e17560": "e.",
    "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e17561": "while Luther's Reformation flourished under the wing of the secular powers.",
    "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756d": "Martin Luther married Katharina von Bora",
    "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756e": "when he arranged for them to be smuggled out in herring barrels.",
    "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756f": "Katharina was 26 years old and Luther was 41 years old.",
    "56f852fba6d7ea1400e17570": "when he arranged for them to be smuggled out in herring barrels.",
    "56f852fba6d7ea1400e17571": "when he arranged for them to be smuggled out in herring barrels.",
    "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17577": "the Elder and his wife as witnesses.",
    "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17578": "On the evening of the same day, the couple was married by Bugenhagen.",
    "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17579": "The ceremonial walk to the church and the wedding banquet we",
    "56f8541da6d7ea1400e1757a": "the wedding banquet were left out, and were made up two weeks later on",
    "56f8541da6d7ea1400e1757b": "the couple was married by Bugenhagen.",
    "56f855caaef2371900625ff3": "Luther's wedding set the seal of approval on clerical marriage.",
    "56f855caaef2371900625ff4": "s.",
    "56f855caaef2371900625ff5": "He had long condemned vows of celibacy on Biblical grounds,",
    "56f855caaef2371900625ff6": "Before",
    "56f855caaef2371900625ff7": "who called it reckless.",
    "56f8575aaef2371900625ffd": "Luther and his wife moved into a former monastery",
    "56f8575aaef2371900625ffe": "a wedding present from the new elector John the Steadfast (1525\u201332).",
    "56f8575aaef2371900625fff": "Luther and his wife moved into a former monastery",
    "56f8575aaef2371900626000": "hes of Croesus.",
    "56f8575aaef2371900626001": "helped the couple earn a living by farming the land and taking in boarders.",
    "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175af": "His Biblical ideal of congregations' choosing their own ministers had proved unworkable.",
    "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b0": ".",
    "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b1": "I",
    "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b2": "Lut",
    "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b3": "Luther's thought is revolutionary to the extent that",
    "56f85bb8aef237190062600f": "To avoid confusing or upsetting the people, Luther avoided extreme change.",
    "56f85bb8aef2371900626010": "To avoid confusing or upsetting the people, Luther avoided extreme change.",
    "56f85bb8aef2371900626011": "He also did not wish to replace one controlling system with another.",
    "56f85bb8aef2371900626012": "He concentrated on the church in the Electorate of Saxony,",
    "56f85bb8aef2371900626013": "unintended development towards a church government under the temporal sovereign\".",
    "56f85cf0aef2371900626019": "Luther wrote a German Mass, which he published in early 1526.",
    "56f85cf0aef237190062601a": "He did not intend it as a replacement for his 1523 adaptation of the Latin Mass but",
    "56f85cf0aef237190062601b": "He did not intend it as a replacement for his 1523 adaptation of the Latin Mass but",
    "56f85cf0aef237190062601c": "\"",
    "56f85cf0aef237190062601d": "Som",
    "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c3": "1527.",
    "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c4": "which began in 1527.",
    "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c5": "They also assessed the standard of pastoral care and Christian education in the territory.",
    "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c6": "wrote, \"the common people knowing nothing at all of Christian doctrine .",
    "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c7": "many pastors are well-nigh unskilled and incapable of teaching.",
    "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175cd": "Luther devised the catechism as a method of imparting the basics of Christianity",
    "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175ce": "In 1529, he wrote the Large Catechism, a manual for pastors and teachers,",
    "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175cf": "In 1529",
    "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175d0": "to be memorised by the people themselves.",
    "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175d1": ".",
    "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d7": "The catechism is one of Luther's most personal works.",
    "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d8": "all devoured.",
    "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d9": "the Bondage of the Will and the Catechism.",
    "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175da": "The Small Catechism has earned a reputation as a model of clear religious teaching.",
    "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175db": "It remains in use today, along with Luther's hymns and his translation of the Bible.",
    "56f86966aef2371900626053": "which works in the catechumen's life.",
    "56f86966aef2371900626054": "ich works in the catechumen's life.",
    "56f86966aef2371900626055": "ing.",
    "56f86966aef2371900626056": "Th",
    "56f86966aef2371900626057": "Salvation originates with the Father and draws the believer to the Father.",
    "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f5": "Luther had pub",
    "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f6": "when the whole Bible was published.",
    "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f7": "He continued to work on refining the translation until the end of his life.",
    "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f8": "When he was criticised for inserting the word \"alone\" after \"faith\" in Romans 3:28",
    "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f9": "Faith alone justifies us, and not works'.",
    "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17605": "Luther's translation used the variant of German spoken at the Saxon chancellery",
    "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17606": "Luther's translation",
    "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17607": ".",
    "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17608": "hindrance.",
    "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17609": ".",
    "56f86e91aef2371900626067": ".",
    "56f86e91aef2371900626068": "Luther's version quickly became a popular and influential Bible translation.",
    "56f86e91aef2371900626069": ".",
    "56f86e91aef237190062606a": "Lucas Cranach",
    "56f86e91aef237190062606b": ".",
    "56f87000aef2371900626071": "Luther was a prolific hymn-writer,",
    "56f87000aef2371900626072": "His tool of choice for this connection was the singing of German hymns",
    "56f87000aef2371900626073": "a.",
    "56f87000aef2371900626074": "arena.",
    "56f87000aef2371900626075": "that became a national instrument of Germany in the 20th century.",
    "56f8720eaef237190062608f": "Luther to write the hymn \"",
    "56f8720eaef2371900626090": "the first individuals to be martyred by the Roman Catholic Church",
    "56f8720eaef2371900626091": ".",
    "56f8720eaef2371900626092": "which is generally known in English by John C. Messenger",
    "56f8720eaef2371900626093": "which is generally known in English by John C. Messenger's",
    "56f87392aef2371900626099": "Luther",
    "56f87392aef237190062609a": "e",
    "56f87392aef237190062609b": "the Apostles' Creed in the Small Catechism.",
    "56f87392aef237190062609c": "Luther's hymn, adapted and expanded from an earlier German creedal hymn",
    "56f87392aef237190062609d": "tune.",
    "56f87531a6d7ea1400e1766f": "The hymn functioned both as a liturgical setting of the Lord's Prayer and",
    "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17670": "The hymn functioned both as a liturgical setting of the Lord's Prayer and",
    "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17671": "specific catechism questions.",
    "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17672": ".",
    "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17673": "The hymn functioned both as a liturgical setting of the Lord's Prayer and",
    "56f87760aef23719006260cc": "From depths of woe I cry to you",
    "56f87760aef23719006260cd": ".",
    "56f87760aef23719006260ce": "it",
    "56f87760aef23719006260cf": ".",
    "56f87760aef23719006260d0": "Bec",
    "56f879bdaef23719006260de": "the main hymn (Hauptlied) for Advent.",
    "56f879bdaef23719006260df": "based on Veni redemptor gentium",
    "56f879bdaef23719006260e0": "the main hymn (Hauptlied) for Advent.",
    "56f879bdaef23719006260e1": "He wrote two hymns on the Ten Commandments,",
    "56f879bdaef23719006260e2": "It became known as the German Te Deum.",
    "56f87e95aef237190062610a": "\"To Jordan came the Christ our Lord\")",
    "56f87e95aef237190062610b": "Psalm 67's prayer for grace;",
    "56f87e95aef237190062610c": "Psalm 67's prayer for grace",
    "56f87e95aef237190062610d": "; Wolf Heintz's four-",
    "56f87e95aef237190062610e": "Wolf Heintz's four-",
    "56f88025aef237190062611e": ".",
    "56f88025aef237190062611f": "Luther's hymns",
    "56f88025aef2371900626120": "18 of 26 songs of the Erfurt Enchiridion",
    "56f88025aef2371900626121": "He supplied four of eight songs of the First Lutheran hymnal",
    "56f88025aef2371900626122": "24 of the 32 songs in the first choral hymnal with settings by",
    "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f3": "Luther's hymns inspired composers to write music.",
    "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f4": "in his cantatas and based chorale cantatas entirely on them,",
    "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f5": "Luther's hymns inspired composers to write music.",
    "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f6": "Luther's hymns inspired composers to write music.",
    "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f7": "14.",
    "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176fd": "it is separated from the body in death;",
    "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176fe": "he described the saints as currently residing \"in their graves and in heaven.",
    "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176ff": "He affirmed the continuity of one's personal identity beyond death.",
    "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e17700": "He al",
    "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e17701": "he described the saints as currently residing \"in their graves and in heaven.",
    "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17707": ".",
    "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17708": ".",
    "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17709": ".",
    "56f884cba6d7ea1400e1770a": ".",
    "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17723": ".",
    "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17724": "dreams.",
    "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17725": ".",
    "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17726": ".",
    "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17727": "dreams.",
    "56f88c37aef2371900626176": "to establish doctrinal unity in the emerging Protestant states.",
    "56f88c37aef2371900626177": "Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse",
    "56f88c37aef2371900626178": "to establish doctrinal unity in the emerging Protestant states.",
    "56f88c37aef2371900626179": "Agreement was achieved on fourteen points out of fifteen,",
    "56f88c37aef237190062617a": "Luther.",
    "56f88eafaef2371900626194": ".",
    "56f88eafaef2371900626195": "Luther ins",
    "56f88eafaef2371900626196": "Luther insisted on the Real Presence of the body and blood of Christ in the consecrated bread and w",
    "56f88eafaef2371900626197": "his opponents believed God to be only spiritually or symbolically present.",
    "56f88eafaef2371900626198": "According to transcripts, the debate sometimes became confrontational.",
    "56f8907faef23719006261b2": "and",
    "56f8907faef23719006261b3": "the Marburg Colloquy paved the way for the signing in 1530 of the Augsburg Confession,",
    "56f8907faef23719006261b4": "the following year by leading Protestant nobles su",
    "56f8907faef23719006261b5": "The Swiss cities, however, did not sign these agreements.",
    "56f8907faef23719006261b6": "and for the formation of the Schmalkaldic League",
    "56f895339e9bad19000a0177": ".",
    "56f895339e9bad19000a0178": "te.",
    "56f895339e9bad19000a0179": "Reason in no way contributes to faith.",
    "56f895339e9bad19000a017a": "For reason is the greatest enemy that faith has;",
    "56f895339e9bad19000a017b": "Luther rather seeks to separate faith and reason in or",
    "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5d": "which discouraged mistreatment of the Jews and",
    "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5e": "Luther began to lose hope in large-scale Jewish conversion to Christianity.",
    "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5f": "In his later years,",
    "56f897059b226e1400dd0c60": "In it",
    "56f897059b226e1400dd0c61": "In",
    "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a5": ".",
    "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a6": ".",
    "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a7": "He saw the Turks as a scourge sent to punish Christians by God,",
    "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a8": "whom Luther believed to be the papacy, and the Roman Church.",
    "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a9": "Luther did support non-religious war against the Turks.",
    "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9d": "In 1542, Luther read a Latin translation of the Qur'an.",
    "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9e": "He opposed banning the publication of the Qur'an,",
    "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9f": "which he called \"Mohammedanism\" or \"the Turk\".",
    "56f89a959b226e1400dd0ca0": "In 1542, Luther read a Latin translation of the Qur'an.",
    "56f89a959b226e1400dd0ca1": "He opposed banning the publication of the Qur'an,",
    "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022b": "in which",
    "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022c": ".",
    "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022d": "and 1540.",
    "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022e": ".",
    "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022f": "Luther responded to these theses with six series of theses against Agricola and the antinomians",
    "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0251": "In his theses and disputations against the antinomians,",
    "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0252": "the law as the Holy Spirit's",
    "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0253": "what has been called the \"second use of the law,",
    "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0254": ".",
    "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0255": "Claiming that the law \u2013 in any form \u2013 should not be preached to Christians anymore w",
    "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025b": "teach how the Christian ought to live.",
    "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025c": "that is, of the natural law \u2013 also positively teach how the Christian ought to live.",
    "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025d": "This has traditionally been called the \"third use of the law.",
    "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025e": "For Luther, also Christ's life,",
    "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025f": "which a Christian should follow in his or her vocations on a daily basis.",
    "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da7": ".",
    "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da8": "the believers' future angel-like life in heaven in the midst of this life.",
    "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da9": ".",
    "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02b9": "Philip did during the subsequent public controversy.",
    "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02ba": "Philip did during the subsequent public controversy.",
    "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02bb": "who wanted to marry one of his wife's ladies-in-waiting.",
    "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02bc": "Martin Brecht,",
    "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02bd": "The affair caused lasting damage to Luther's reputation.",
    "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02eb": "that had expelled Jews some ninety years earlier.",
    "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ec": "When his efforts at conversion failed, he grew increasingly bitter toward them.",
    "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ed": "equally guilty.",
    "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ee": "He considered the Jews blasphemers and liars bec",
    "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ef": "Luther wrote about the Jews",
    "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e05": "Luther's",
    "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e06": "time\".",
    "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e07": "his death",
    "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e08": "time\".",
    "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e09": "We are at fault in not slaying them\" amounted to a sanction for murder. \"God",
    "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3b": "Luther spoke out against the Jews in Saxony, Brandenburg, and Silesia.",
    "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3c": "who tried to help the Jews of Saxony in 1537",
    "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3d": "ich he said that whoever would help the Jews was doomed to perdition.",
    "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3e": "Josel asked the city of Strasbourg to forbid the sale of",
    "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3f": "riots led to the expulsion of Jews from several German Lutheran states.",
    "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e75": "Luther was",
    "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e76": "y",
    "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e77": "Luther.",
    "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e78": "the Third Reich contained references to and quotations from Luther.",
    "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e79": "The city of Nuremberg",
    "56f8b7189e9bad19000a0389": "On 17 December 1941,",
    "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038a": "German territory.",
    "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038b": "that Luther's writing was a \"blueprint.",
    "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038c": "Sasse applauded the burning of the synagogues and",
    "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038d": "argued that Luther's writing was a \"blueprint.",
    "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03bf": ".",
    "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c0": "Biographer",
    "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c1": "material for the modern hatred of the Jews, cloaking it with the authority of the Reformer.",
    "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c2": "Johannes Wallmann arg",
    "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c3": "His position was entirely religious and in no respect racial.\"",
    "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03db": "their violence lent a new element to the standard Christian suspicion of Judaism.",
    "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03dc": "a key element of German culture and national identity.",
    "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03dd": "ght and discourse, a mentality that might otherwise have been absent.",
    "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03de": "course, a mentality that might otherwise have been absent.",
    "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03df": "the anti-Semitic policies of the National Socialist",
    "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eed": "it is possible they were at least partly the product of a declining state of mind.",
    "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eee": "Luther's increasingly antisemitic views developed during",
    "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eef": "the Jews and in diatribes against \"Turks\" (Muslims) and Catholics.",
    "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0ef0": "ics.",
    "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0ef1": "Edwards in his book Luther's Last Battles: Politics and Polemics 1531\u201346 (1983)",
    "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f35": "the Jews and have rejected the use of them to incite hatred against Lutherans.",
    "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f36": "Lutherans were the least prejudiced toward Jews.",
    "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f37": "areas of Germany.",
    "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f38": "areas of Germany.",
    "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f45": "From 1531 to 1546, his health deteriorated further.",
    "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f46": "tributed.",
    "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f47": ".",
    "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f48": ".",
    "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f49": "In December 1544, he began to feel the effects of angina.",
    "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f61": ".",
    "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f62": ".",
    "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f63": ".",
    "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f64": "They are teaching me to be rude.",
    "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f65": "In 1545 and 1546 Luther preached three times in the Market Church in Halle,",
    "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7d": "His last sermon was delivered at Eisleben",
    "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7e": "His last sermon was delivered at Eisleben,",
    "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7f": "His last sermon was delivered at Eisleben,",
    "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f80": "do.",
    "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f81": "do.",
    "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a0": ".",
    "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a1": "tion.",
    "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a2": "Luther journeyed to Mansfeld twice in late 1545",
    "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a3": "a third visit was needed in early 1546 for their completion.",
    "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a4": "trade.",
    "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c6": "The negotiations were successfully concluded on 17 February 1546.",
    "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c7": "After 8 a.m., he experienced chest pains.",
    "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c8": ".",
    "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c9": "\" (Ps. 31:5), the common prayer of the dying.",
    "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04ca": "At 1 a.m. he awoke with more chest pain and was warmed with hot towels.",
    "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e0": "An apoplectic stroke deprived him of his speech,",
    "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e1": "birth.",
    "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e2": "birth.",
    "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e3": "He was buried in the Castle Church in Wittenberg, beneath the pulpit.",
    "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e4": "The funeral was held by his friends Johannes Bugenhagen and Philipp Melanchthon.",
    "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1007": "A piece of paper was later found on which Luther had written his last statement.",
    "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1008": "The statement was in Latin, apart from \"We are beggars,\" which was in German.",
    "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1009": "The statement was in Latin, apart from \"We are beggars,\" which was in German.",
    "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0514": "In the 1530s and 1540s,",
    "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0515": ".",
    "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0516": "Lut",
    "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0517": "In contrast to images of frail Catholic saints,",
    "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0518": "In the 1530s and 1540s,",
    "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103d": "In the Church of England's Calendar of Saints he is commemorated on 31 October.",
    "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103e": "In the Church of England's Calendar of Saints he is commemorated on 31 October.",
    "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103f": "In the Church of England's Calendar of Saints he is commemorated on 31 October.",
    "56f8ce779b226e1400dd1040": "In the Church of England's Calendar of Saints he is commemorated on 31 October.",
    "56f8ce779b226e1400dd1041": "Saints.",
    "5705e26d75f01819005e76d4": "Southern California, often abbreviated SoCal",
    "5705e26d75f01819005e76d5": "The region is traditionally described as \"eight counties\",",
    "5705e26d75f01819005e76d6": "Southern California is a major economic center for the state of California and the United States.",
    "5705e26d75f01819005e76d7": "The region is traditionally described as",
    "5705e26d75f01819005e76d8": ".",
    "5705e33f52bb89140068964c": "The 8- and 10-county definitions are not used for the greater Southern California Megaregion,",
    "5705e33f52bb89140068964d": "one of the 11 megaregions of the United States.",
    "5705e33f52bb89140068964e": ".",
    "5705e33f52bb89140068964f": ".",
    "5705e33f52bb891400689650": ".",
    "5705e3f252bb89140068966a": ".",
    "5705e3f252bb89140068966b": "Southern California's population encompasses seven metropolitan areas",
    "5705e3f252bb89140068966c": "s.",
    "5705e3f252bb89140068966d": "s.",
    "5705e3f252bb89140068966e": "all combined to make up the Greater Los Angeles Area with over 17.5 million people. Wi",
    "5705e4fe75f01819005e7704": "To the east is the Colorado Desert and the Colorado River",
    "5705e4fe75f01819005e7705": "To the east is the Colorado Desert and the Colorado River at the border with Arizona",
    "5705e4fe75f01819005e7706": "ert at the border with the state of Nevada.",
    "5705e4fe75f01819005e7707": "To the south is the Mexico\u2013United States border.",
    "5705e63175f01819005e7720": ".",
    "5705e63175f01819005e7721": "Los Angeles is the most populous city in California and the second most populous in the United States.",
    "5705e63175f01819005e7722": "With a population of 3,792,621, Los Angeles is the most populous city in California and",
    "5705e63175f01819005e7723": "the eighth most populous in the nation.",
    "5705e63175f01819005e7724": "Los Angeles is the most populous city in California and the second most populous in the United States.",
    "5705e99452bb891400689688": ".",
    "5705e99452bb891400689689": "all are in the top 15 most populous counties in the United States.",
    "5705e99452bb89140068968a": "It",
    "5705e99452bb89140068968b": "and all are in the top 15 most populous counties in the United States.",
    "5705e99452bb89140068968c": ".",
    "5705eb3375f01819005e7764": "Hollywood",
    "5705eb3375f01819005e7765": "Hollywood, a district within Los Angeles,",
    "5705eb3375f01819005e7766": "The Walt Disney Company (which also owns ABC),",
    "5705eb3375f01819005e7767": ".",
    "5705eb3375f01819005e7768": "well.",
    "5705ec1675f01819005e776e": "Southern California is also home to a large home grown surf and skateboard culture.",
    "5705ec1675f01819005e776f": "Shaun White live in southern California.",
    "5705ec1675f01819005e7770": "Shaun White live in southern California.",
    "5705ec1675f01819005e7771": "it is second only to the island of Oahu in terms of famous surf breaks.",
    "5705ec1675f01819005e7772": "The annual Transpacific Yacht Race, or Transpac, from Los Angeles to Hawaii,",
    "5705eccb52bb8914006896b8": "the desert city of Palm Springs is popular for its resort feel and nearby open spaces.",
    "5705eccb52bb8914006896b9": "the desert city of Palm Springs is popular for its resort feel and nearby open spaces.",
    "5705eccb52bb8914006896ba": "the desert city of Palm Springs is popular for its resort feel and nearby open spaces.",
    "5705eccb52bb8914006896bb": ".",
    "5705edcd52bb8914006896ca": "37\u00b0 9' 58.23\" latitude, around 11 miles (18 km) south of San Jose;",
    "5705edcd52bb8914006896cb": "California",
    "5705edcd52bb8914006896cc": "the term \"southern California\" usually refers to the ten southern-most counties of the state.",
    "5705edcd52bb8914006896cd": "Tehachapi Mountains as the northern boundary.",
    "5705edcd52bb8914006896ce": "Mountains as the northern boundary.",
    "5705eee952bb8914006896de": "when Mexico ruled California",
    "5705eee952bb8914006896df": "Los Angeles in the lower part of Alta California",
    "5705eee952bb8914006896e0": "when Mexico ruled California, and political disputes raged between the Californios of Monterey",
    "5705eee952bb8914006896e1": "ise.",
    "5705eee952bb8914006896e2": "California to be admitted to the Union as a free state,",
    "5705f09e75f01819005e77a4": "dissatisfied with inequitable taxes and land laws)",
    "5705f09e75f01819005e77a5": "Subsequently, Californios",
    "5705f09e75f01819005e77a6": "1850s",
    "5705f09e75f01819005e77a7": "However, the secession crisis following the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 led",
    "5705f09e75f01819005e77a8": "The proposal was sent to Washington, D.C. with a strong advocate in Senator Milton Latham.",
    "5705f13d52bb8914006896f0": "In 1900, the Los Angeles Times defined southern California",
    "5705f13d52bb8914006896f1": "In 1900",
    "5705f13d52bb8914006896f2": "In 1900, the Los Angeles Times defined southern California as",
    "5705f13d52bb8914006896f3": "In 1999, the Times added a newer county\u2014Imperial\u2014to that list.",
    "5705f13d52bb8914006896f4": "In 1900, the Los Angeles Times defined southern California",
    "5705f36452bb891400689718": ".",
    "5705f36452bb891400689719": "choose to simplify matters by dividing the state along the lines",
    "5705f36452bb89140068971a": "point of view.",
    "5705f36452bb89140068971b": "which would split the southern region off",
    "5705f36452bb89140068971c": "would be included in",
    "5705f7c875f01819005e77dc": ".",
    "5705f7c875f01819005e77dd": "have been left undeveloped.",
    "5705f7c875f01819005e77de": "have been left undeveloped.",
    "5705f7c875f01819005e77df": "Much of southern California is",
    "5705f7c875f01819005e77e0": "The urban area is",
    "5705fb7f52bb891400689750": "the main gap to continued urbanization is Camp Pendleton.",
    "5705fb7f52bb891400689751": "have as much connection with the San Diego metropolitan area as they do with the Inland Empire.",
    "5705fb7f52bb891400689752": "as a separate metropolitan area from Los Angeles County.",
    "5705fb7f52bb891400689753": "While many commute to L.A. and Orange Counties",
    "5705fb7f52bb891400689754": ".",
    "5705fc3a52bb89140068976a": "Serious rain can occur unusually.",
    "5705fc3a52bb89140068976b": "Summers are hot and dry, while winters are a bit warm or mild and wet.",
    "5705fc3a52bb89140068976c": "In the summers, temperature ranges are 90-60's while as winters are 70-50's,",
    "5705fc3a52bb89140068976d": "But snow is very rare in the Southwest of the state,",
    "5705fc3a52bb89140068976e": "winters are 70-50's, usually all of Southern California have Mediterranean climate.",
    "5705fd8475f01819005e7841": "The region spans from Pacific Ocean islands",
    "5705fd8475f01819005e7840": "e and country.",
    "5705fd8475f01819005e7842": ".",
    "5705fd8475f01819005e7843": "The",
    "5705fd8475f01819005e7844": "California.",
    "5705fec152bb89140068977a": "Each year, the southern California area has about 10,000 earthquakes.",
    "5705fec152bb89140068977b": "Each year, the southern California area has about 10,000 earthquakes.",
    "5705fec152bb89140068977c": ".",
    "5705fec152bb89140068977d": "It caused the most property damage of any earthquake in U.S. history",
    "5705fec152bb89140068977e": "It caused the most property damage of any earthquake in U.S. history",
    "5705ffde52bb891400689784": "which can produce a magnitude 8.0 event.",
    "5705ffde52bb891400689785": "which can produce a magnitude 8.0 event.",
    "5705ffde52bb891400689786": "Other faults inclu",
    "5705ffde52bb891400689787": "The USGS has released a California Earthquake forecast",
    "5705ffde52bb891400689788": ".",
    "570602fa52bb89140068979e": ".",
    "570602fa52bb89140068979f": "but as a whole combine to create the southern California atmosphere.",
    "570602fa52bb8914006897a0": "its respective region and being home to many tourist destinations.",
    "570603c475f01819005e7882": "As of the 2010 United States Census, southern California has a population of 22,680,010.",
    "570603c475f01819005e7883": "Despite a reputation for high growth rates",
    "570603c475f01819005e7884": "the state average of 10.0% in the 2000s",
    "570603c475f01819005e7885": ".",
    "570603c475f01819005e7886": "in the 2000s as",
    "5706074552bb8914006897d4": ". The region is home to two extended metropolitan areas that exceed five million in population.",
    "5706074552bb8914006897d5": "The region is home to two extended metropolitan areas that exceed five million in population.",
    "5706074552bb8914006897d6": "The region is home to two extended metropolitan areas that exceed five million in population.",
    "5706074552bb8914006897d7": "the Southern Border Region.",
    "5706074552bb8914006897d8": "These are the Greater Los Angeles Area",
    "570607f575f01819005e78b4": ".",
    "570607f575f01819005e78b5": "California (and two of the eight largest cities in the United States).",
    "570607f575f01819005e78b6": "In southern California there are also twelve cities with more than 200,000 residents",
    "570607f575f01819005e78b7": "34 cities over 100,000 in population.",
    "570607f575f01819005e78b8": ".",
    "5706094b52bb8914006897de": "the vast majority of transport runs on this fuel.",
    "5706094b52bb8914006897df": "Southern California is famous for tourism and Hollywood (film, television, and music).",
    "5706094b52bb8914006897e0": "The region was a leader in the housing bubble 2001\u20132007",
    "5706094b52bb8914006897e1": "Southern California's economy is diverse and one of the largest in the United States.",
    "5706094b52bb8914006897e2": "The region was a leader in the housing bubble 2001\u20132007,",
    "57060a1175f01819005e78d2": "Since the 1920s",
    "57060a1175f01819005e78d3": "In one of the richest agricultural regions in the U.S.",
    "57060a1175f01819005e78d5": ".",
    "57060a1175f01819005e78d4": ".",
    "57060a1175f01819005e78d6": "Although military spending cutbacks have",
    "57060a6e52bb8914006897f8": "Southern California is home to many major business districts.",
    "57060a6e52bb8914006897f9": ".",
    "57060a6e52bb8914006897fa": ".",
    "57060cc352bb89140068980e": "Los Angeles itself has many business districts including",
    "57060cc352bb89140068980f": "Within the Los Angeles Area",
    "57060cc352bb891400689810": "Warner Center in the San Fernando Valley.",
    "57060cc352bb891400689811": "Century City, Westwood and Warner Center in the San Fernando Valley.",
    "57060df252bb891400689820": ".",
    "57060df252bb891400689821": "which are in San Bernardino and Downtown Riverside.",
    "57060df252bb891400689822": "which are in San Bernardino and Downtown Riverside.",
    "57060eaf75f01819005e7910": ";",
    "57060eaf75f01819005e7911": ".",
    "57060eaf75f01819005e7912": "Jamboree Business Parks.",
    "57060eaf75f01819005e7913": "Oran",
    "57060eaf75f01819005e7914": "Oran",
    "57060f3e75f01819005e7922": "Downtown San Diego is the central business district of San Diego,",
    "57060f3e75f01819005e7923": "st of these districts are located in Northern San Diego and some within North County regions.",
    "57060f3e75f01819005e7924": "Most of these districts are located in Northern San Diego and some within North County regions.",
    "57060f3e75f01819005e7925": "Most of these districts are located in Northern San Diego and some within North County regions.",
    "570610b275f01819005e792a": "Los Angeles International Airport",
    "570610b275f01819005e792b": "ports.",
    "570610b275f01819005e792c": "Los Angeles International Airport",
    "570610b275f01819005e792d": "San Diego International Airport the busiest single runway airport in the world",
    "570610b275f01819005e792e": "Van Nuys Airport, the world's busiest general aviation airport;",
    "5706111a52bb89140068984c": "Six of the seven lines of the commuter rail system",
    "5706111a52bb89140068984d": "Six of the seven lines of the commuter rail system",
    "5706111a52bb89140068984e": "Six of the seven lines of the commuter rail system, Metrolink, run out of Downtown Los Angeles",
    "5706111a52bb89140068984f": "the other line connecting San Bernardino, Riverside, and Orange counties directly.",
    "570611c475f01819005e793c": "Southern California is also home to the Port of Los Angeles, the United States' busiest commercial port;",
    "570611c475f01819005e793d": "the United States' second busiest container port; and the Port of San Diego.",
    "570611c475f01819005e793e": "the United States' second busiest container port; and the Port of San Diego.",
    "5706139252bb891400689864": "The Tech Coast is",
    "5706139252bb891400689865": ".",
    "5706139252bb891400689866": "the California Institute of Technology,",
    "5706139252bb891400689867": "California",
    "5706139252bb891400689868": "California",
    "5706143575f01819005e7950": "Galaxy).",
    "5706143575f01819005e7951": "NBA (Los Angeles Lakers, Los Angeles Clippers);",
    "5706143575f01819005e7952": "Galaxy).",
    "5706143575f01819005e7953": "Professional sports teams",
    "5706143575f01819005e7954": "Galaxy)",
    "5706149552bb891400689880": "with a second MLS team scheduled to return in 2018.",
    "5706149552bb891400689881": ".",
    "5706149552bb891400689882": "From 2005",
    "5706149552bb891400689883": "that both played at the StubHub Center and were local rivals.",
    "5706149552bb891400689884": "2018.",
    "570614ff52bb89140068988a": "College sports are also popular in southern California.",
    "570614ff52bb89140068988b": ".",
    "570614ff52bb89140068988c": "The UCLA Bruins and the USC Trojans both field teams",
    "570614ff52bb89140068988d": "College sports are also popular in southern California.",
    "570614ff52bb89140068988e": ".",
    "5706155352bb891400689894": "Rugby is also a growing sport in southern California,",
    "5706155352bb891400689895": "rugby as an official school sport.",
    "5706155352bb891400689896": "rugby as an official school sport.",
    "57092322efce8f15003a7db0": "Formed in November 1990 by the equal merger of Sky Television and British Satellite Broadcasting",
    "57092322efce8f15003a7db1": "BSkyB became the UK's largest digital subscription television company.",
    "57092322efce8f15003a7db2": "Following BSkyB's 2014 acquisition of Sky Italia and a majority 90",
    "57092322efce8f15003a7db3": "BSkyB became the UK's largest digital subscription television company.",
    "57092322efce8f15003a7db4": "also changed the company name from British Sky Broadcasting Limited to Sky UK Limited, still trading as Sky.",
    "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc4": "In May 2006,",
    "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc5": "In May 2006, the Irish broadcaster Setanta Sports was awarded t",
    "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc6": "Following",
    "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc7": ".",
    "57094b4f9928a814004714f6": "BSkyB had been excluded from being a part of the ONdigital consortium",
    "57094b4f9928a814004714f7": "While BSkyB had been excluded from being a part of the ONdigital consortium",
    "57094b4f9928a814004714f8": "Pr",
    "57094b4f9928a814004714f9": "Initially BSkyB provided Sky Travel to the service.",
    "57094b4f9928a814004714fa": "which was itself later re-branded as 'Pick TV' in 2011.",
    "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd6": "BSkyB initially charged additional subscription fees for using a Sky+ PVR",
    "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd7": "In September 2007, Sky launched a new TV advertising campaign targeting Sky+ at women.",
    "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd8": ".",
    "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd9": "SkyB subscription package get Sky+ included at no extra charge.",
    "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dda": "kyB subscription package get Sky+ included at no extra charge.",
    "57094d489928a8140047150a": "the VideoGuard pay-TV scrambling system owned by NDS, a Cisco Systems company.",
    "57094d489928a8140047150b": "the VideoGuard pay-TV scrambling system owned by NDS, a Cisco Systems company.",
    "57094d489928a8140047150c": "the VideoGuard pay-TV scrambling system owned by NDS, a Cisco Systems company.",
    "57094d489928a8140047150d": ".",
    "57094d489928a8140047150e": "This extends to the Personal video recorder (PVR) offering (branded Sky+).",
    "570953a7efce8f15003a7dff": "TV.",
    "570953a7efce8f15003a7dfe": "In 2007",
    "570953a7efce8f15003a7e00": ".",
    "570953a7efce8f15003a7e01": "wh",
    "570953a7efce8f15003a7e02": "ich was not previously carried by cable.",
    "570960cf200fba1400367f01": "In",
    "570960cf200fba1400367f02": "On 31 July 2013, BS",
    "570960cf200fba1400367f03": "Sky\u2019s right to the \"Sky\" trademark.",
    "570960cf200fba1400367f04": "ial\".",
    "570960cf200fba1400367f05": "its SkyDrive cloud storage service af",
    "570961aa200fba1400367f15": "The service started on 1 September 1993 based on the idea from the then chief executive off",
    "570961aa200fba1400367f16": "broadcasting on Astra's satellites, as well as introducing new channels.",
    "570961aa200fba1400367f17": "package.",
    "570961aa200fba1400367f18": "package.",
    "570961aa200fba1400367f19": "BSkyB reach 3.5 million households by mid-1994.",
    "570963a5200fba1400367f33": ".",
    "570963a5200fba1400367f34": ".",
    "570963a5200fba1400367f35": "It is the UK's largest pay-TV broadcaster with 11 million customers as of 2015.",
    "570963a5200fba1400367f36": ".",
    "57096505ed30961900e84082": ".",
    "57096505ed30961900e84083": "The",
    "57096505ed30961900e84084": "This allows all set top boxes in a household to share recordings and other media.",
    "57096505ed30961900e84085": "The Sky Q Silver set top box is capable of receiving and displaying UHD broadcasts",
    "57096505ed30961900e84086": "Sky announced Sky Q, a range of products and services to be available in 2016.",
    "570966e0200fba1400367f4f": "BSkyB's standard definition broadcasts are in DVB-compliant MPEG-2,",
    "570966e0200fba1400367f50": "Sky Movies and Sky Box Office channels including optional Dolby Digital soundtracks",
    "570966e0200fba1400367f51": ".",
    "570966e0200fba1400367f52": ".",
    "570966e0200fba1400367f53": "st of the HD material uses the DVB-S2 standard.",
    "570967c4ed30961900e840ba": "When Sky Digital was launched in 1998 the new service used the Astra 2A satellite wh",
    "570967c4ed30961900e840bb": "When Sky Digital was launched in 1998 the new service used the Astra 2A satellite",
    "570967c4ed30961900e840bc": "Sky",
    "570967c4ed30961900e840bd": "with the potential to carry hundreds of television and radio channel",
    "570967c4ed30961900e840be": "e to be used almost exclusively for channels that broadcast to the United Kingdom.",
    "5709686c200fba1400367f77": "BSkyB launched its HDTV service, Sky+ HD, on 22 May 2006.",
    "5709686c200fba1400367f78": "BSkyB claimed that 40,000 people had registered to receive the HD service.",
    "5709686c200fba1400367f79": "Thomson.",
    "5709686c200fba1400367f7a": "Finally, the BBC reported that",
    "5709686c200fba1400367f7b": "On 31 March 2012, Sky announced the total number of homes with Sky+HD was 4,222,000.",
    "57096b66200fba1400367fa7": "On",
    "57096b66200fba1400367fa8": "The announcement came a day after Setanta Sports confirmed that it would launch in March",
    "57096b66200fba1400367fa9": "On 8",
    "57096b66200fba1400367faa": "that NTL's services re-branded as Virgin Media.",
    "57096b66200fba1400367fab": ".",
    "57096c95200fba1400367fbb": "Some broadcasts are",
    "57096c95200fba1400367fbc": "Some broadcasts are free-to-air and unencrypted, some are encrypted",
    "57096c95200fba1400367fbd": "To view the encrypted content",
    "57096c95200fba1400367fbe": "most digital receivers will receive the free to air channels.",
    "57096c95200fba1400367fbf": "To",
    "57096e1ced30961900e84102": "from the 1992 season.",
    "57096e1ced30961900e84103": "ITV were the current rights holders, and fought hard to retain the new rights.",
    "57096e1ced30961900e84104": ".",
    "57096e1ced30961900e84105": "The BBC was given the highlights of most of the matches,",
    "57096e1ced30961900e84106": ".",
    "57096f37200fba1400367fe5": ".",
    "57096f37200fba1400367fe6": "\u00a315\u2013100,000.",
    "57096f37200fba1400367fe7": "BSkyB",
    "57096f37200fba1400367fe8": ".",
    "57096f37200fba1400367fe9": "How",
    "57097051ed30961900e84132": "under the name Sky Digital",
    "57097051ed30961900e84133": "under the name Sky Digital",
    "57097051ed30961900e84134": "s.",
    "57097051ed30961900e84135": "s.",
    "57097051ed30961900e84136": "Within 30 days, over 100,000 digiboxes had been sold,",
    "57097141200fba1400367ff9": "Virgin Media (re-branded in 2007",
    "57097141200fba1400367ffa": "Virgin Media (re-branded in 2007",
    "57097141200fba1400367ffb": ".",
    "57097141200fba1400367ffc": "it only carried one linear HD channel,",
    "57097141200fba1400367ffd": "Virgin Media did in fact have an option to carry Channel 4 HD in the future.",
    "57097b50200fba140036804d": "Europe's first pay-TV platform in to achieve that milestone.",
    "57097b50200fba140036804e": "the broadcaster said its reach into 36% of households",
    "57097b50200fba140036804f": "The target was first announced in August 2004, sin",
    "57097b50200fba1400368050": "Confirming it had reached its target",
    "57097b50200fba1400368051": "elsewhere in Europe flattened.",
    "57097c8fed30961900e841f2": "Con",
    "57097c8fed30961900e841f3": "that could be used to buy only \"essentials\".",
    "57097c8fed30961900e841f4": "was \u2018often damaging\u2019, along with alcohol, tobacco and gambling.",
    "57097c8fed30961900e841f5": "that the UK government's benefits agency was checking claimants'",
    "57097c8fed30961900e841f6": "would betray a man's presence in the household.",
    "57097d63ed30961900e841fc": "The agreements include fixed annual carriage fees of \u00a330m for the channels",
    "57097d63ed30961900e841fd": "which had previously been offered by BSkyB.",
    "57097d63ed30961900e841fe": "which had previously been offered by BSkyB.",
    "57097d63ed30961900e841ff": ".",
    "57097d63ed30961900e84200": ".",
    "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3d": "1853.",
    "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3e": "Victoria's total gross state product (GSP) is ranked second in Australia,",
    "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3f": "Victoria is",
    "570d2417fed7b91900d45c40": "Culturally",
    "570d2417fed7b91900d45c41": "The Melbourne Cricket Ground is the largest stadium in Australia,",
    "570d2556fed7b91900d45c47": "and their legacy is particularly strong in Bendigo and its environs.",
    "570d2556fed7b91900d45c48": "that was seen at the Lambing Flat riots in New South Wales.",
    "570d2556fed7b91900d45c49": "However, there was a riot at Buckland Valley near Bright in 1857.",
    "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4a": "an outbreak of typhoid at Buckland Valley in 1854 killed over 1,000 miners.",
    "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4b": ".",
    "570d26efb3d812140066d48f": ".",
    "570d26efb3d812140066d490": ".",
    "570d26efb3d812140066d491": "with each electorate represented by five representatives elected by Single Transferable Vote.",
    "570d26efb3d812140066d492": "and their term of office is now the same as the lower house members\u2014four years.",
    "570d26efb3d812140066d493": ".",
    "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a3": "Traditionally, Labor is",
    "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a4": "Traditionally, Labor is strongest in Melbourne's",
    "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a5": "Traditionally,",
    "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a6": "are strongest in inner Melbourne.",
    "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a7": "Traditionally, Labor is strongest in Melbourne",
    "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bd": "About 61.1% of Victorians describe themselves as Christian.",
    "570d29c2b3d812140066d4be": "Catholics form the single largest religious group in the state",
    "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bf": "with 168,637 members as of the most recent census.",
    "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c0": ".",
    "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c1": "Around 20% of Victorians claim no religion.",
    "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c93": "Victoria (abbreviated as Vic) is a state in the south-east of Australia.",
    "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c94": "Most of its population is concentrated in the area surrounding Port Phillip Bay,",
    "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c95": "Victoria (abbreviated as Vic) is a state in the south-east of Australia.",
    "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c96": "which is Australia's second-largest city.",
    "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c97": "Most of its population is concentrated in the area surrounding Port Phillip Bay,",
    "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca7": "the Koori.",
    "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca8": "Wi",
    "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca9": "Mel",
    "570d2c20fed7b91900d45caa": "The first settlement in the area occurred in 1803 at Sullivan Bay,",
    "570d2c20fed7b91900d45cab": "The first settlement in the area occurred in 1803 at Sullivan Bay,",
    "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbb": "Victorian farmland are sown for grain, mostly in the state's west.",
    "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbc": "More than 50% of this area is sown for wheat, 33% for barley and 7% for oats.",
    "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbd": "of Victorian farmland are sown for grain, mostly in the state's west.",
    "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbe": "Victorian farms produce nearly 90% of Australian pears and third of apples.",
    "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbf": "Last year, 121,200 tonnes of pears and 270,000 tonnes of tomatoes were produced.",
    "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45ccf": "Victoria has a written constitution enacted in 1975,",
    "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd0": "but based on the 1855 colonial constitution",
    "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd1": ".",
    "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd2": ".",
    "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd3": ".",
    "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce3": ".",
    "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce4": ".",
    "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce5": "s.",
    "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce6": ".",
    "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce7": ".",
    "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d01": "Victorian schools are either publicly or privately funded.",
    "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d02": ".",
    "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d03": "All schools must comply with government-set curriculum standards.",
    "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d04": "Private schools also receive some public funding.",
    "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d05": "All schools must comply with government-set curriculum standards.",
    "570d3468b3d812140066d543": "Historically",
    "570d3468b3d812140066d544": "Victoria has been the base for the manufacturing plants of the major car brands Ford, Toyota and Holden",
    "570d3468b3d812140066d545": "Holden's",
    "570d3468b3d812140066d546": "Ford, Toyota and Holden;",
    "570d3468b3d812140066d547": "Ford, Toyota and Holden;",
    "570d35b7b3d812140066d54d": "in the southeast to the snow-covered Victorian alpine areas",
    "570d35b7b3d812140066d54e": "with Mount Bogong the highest peak at 1,986 m (6,516 ft).",
    "570d35b7b3d812140066d54f": "with Mount Bogong the highest peak at 1,986 m (6,516 ft).",
    "570d35b7b3d812140066d550": "There is an extensive series of river systems in Victoria.",
    "570d35b7b3d812140066d551": "the helmeted honeyeater (state bird).",
    "570d391fb3d812140066d575": "The Victorian Alps in the northeast are the coldest part of Victoria.",
    "570d391fb3d812140066d576": ".",
    "570d391fb3d812140066d577": "mountain system extending east-west through the centre of Victoria.",
    "570d391fb3d812140066d578": "ranges.",
    "570d391fb3d812140066d579": "The Victorian Alps in the northeast are the coldest part of Victoria.",
    "570d4030fed7b91900d45d9f": "who operate over government-owned lines.",
    "570d4030fed7b91900d45da0": ".",
    "570d4030fed7b91900d45da1": "V/Line",
    "570d4030fed7b91900d45da2": "Pacific National, CFCL Australia which operate freight services;",
    "570d4030fed7b91900d45da3": ".",
    "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbd": "Victoria has 37 seats in the Australian House of Representatives",
    "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbe": "and 12 seats in the Australian Senate.",
    "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbf": ".",
    "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc0": "the Legislative Council (the upper house).",
    "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc1": ".",
    "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd7": "Victoria from New South Wales was established proclaiming a new Colony of Victoria.",
    "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd8": "gold was discovered near Ballarat, and subsequently at Bendigo.",
    "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd9": "All sorts of gold records",
    "570d4329fed7b91900d45dda": "In ten years the population of Victoria increased sevenfold from 76,000 to 540,000.",
    "570d4329fed7b91900d45ddb": "Victoria",
    "570d44abb3d812140066d5fd": "Victoria has about 63,519 full-time teachers.",
    "570d44abb3d812140066d5fe": "Over 61 per cent of private students attend Catholic schools.",
    "570d44abb3d812140066d5ff": "Just under 540,800 students were enrolled in public schools,",
    "570d44abb3d812140066d600": "Victoria has about 63,519 full-time teachers.",
    "570d44abb3d812140066d601": "Over 61 per cent of private students attend Catholic schools.",
    "570d4606b3d812140066d619": "Victoria is the centre of dairy farming in Australia.",
    "570d4606b3d812140066d61a": "Victoria is the centre of dairy farming in Australia.",
    "570d4606b3d812140066d61b": "Victoria is the centre of dairy farming in Australia.",
    "570d4606b3d812140066d61c": "Victoria is the centre of dairy farming in Australia.",
    "570d4606b3d812140066d61d": "Most abalone and rock lobster is exported to Asia.",
    "570d47b8b3d812140066d62d": "Victorian lines mainly use the 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) broad gauge.",
    "570d47b8b3d812140066d62e": "st of the state have been converted to 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1\u20442 in) standard gauge.",
    "570d47b8b3d812140066d62f": ".",
    "570d47b8b3d812140066d630": ".",
    "570d47b8b3d812140066d631": ".",
    "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e13": "After the founding of the colony of New South Wales",
    "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e14": "After the founding of the colony of New South Wales in 1788",
    "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e15": "New South Wales",
    "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e16": "under the administration of the colonial government in Sydney.",
    "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e31": ".",
    "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e33": "In 1854 at Ballarat",
    "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e32": ".",
    "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e34": "tend the franchise.",
    "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e35": "sible government with the passage of the Colony of Victoria Act 1855.",
    "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66d": ".",
    "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66e": ".",
    "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66f": "with cabinet, sets the legislative and political agenda.",
    "570d4e6cb3d812140066d670": "The current Premier of Victoria is Daniel Andrews.",
    "570d4e6cb3d812140066d671": "with cabinet, sets the legislative and political agenda.",
    "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7d": ".",
    "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7e": "During 2003\u201304",
    "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7f": ".",
    "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e80": "A quarter of farmland is used to grow consumable crops.",
    "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e81": "A quarter of farmland is used to grow consumable crops.",
    "570d529fb3d812140066d6bb": "Major events also play a big part in tourism in Victoria,",
    "570d529fb3d812140066d6bc": "Most of these events are centred on Melbourne",
    "570d529fb3d812140066d6bd": "Major events also play a big part in tourism in Victoria,",
    "570d529fb3d812140066d6be": "Most of these events are centred on Melbourne,",
    "570d529fb3d812140066d6bf": "Major events also play a big part in tourism in Victoria,",
    "57105da9a58dae1900cd699e": "France, about one-eighth the number of French Catholics.",
    "57105da9a58dae1900cd699f": "the number of French Catholics.",
    "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a0": "A series of religious conflicts followed, known as the Wars of Religion",
    "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a1": "A series of religious conflicts followed, known as the Wars of Religion,",
    "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a2": "about one-eighth the number of French Catholics.",
    "57106185b654c5140001f8db": "A term used originally in derision, Huguenot has unclear origins.",
    "57106185b654c5140001f8dd": "Geneva was John Calvin's adopted home and the centre of the Calvinist movement.",
    "57106185b654c5140001f8dc": "The nickname may have been a combined reference to the Swiss politician Besan\u00e7on Hugues",
    "57106185b654c5140001f8de": ": a foiled attempt to wrest power in France from the influential House of Guise.",
    "57106185b654c5140001f8df": "a foiled attempt to wrest power in France from the influential House of Guise.",
    "57106644b654c5140001f8e5": "ant to the spread of the Protestant movement and development of the Reformed church in France.",
    "57106644b654c5140001f8e6": "The availability of the Bible in vernacular languages",
    "57106644b654c5140001f8e7": ".",
    "57106644b654c5140001f8e8": ".",
    "57106644b654c5140001f8e9": "1487.",
    "57106d2fb654c5140001f8ef": "the Edict of 1598 granted to the Huguenots.",
    "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f0": "Montpellier was among the most important of the 66 \"villes de s\u00fbret\u00e9\"",
    "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f2": ". The city's political institutions and the university were all handed over to the Huguenots.",
    "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f1": "Tension with Paris led to a siege by the royal army in 1622.",
    "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f3": "Montpellier was among the most important of",
    "571077ecb654c5140001f909": "Individual Huguenots settled",
    "571077ecb654c5140001f90a": "The couple left for the Far East ten years later.",
    "571077ecb654c5140001f90b": ",",
    "571077ecb654c5140001f90c": "The couple left for the Far East ten years later.",
    "571077ecb654c5140001f90d": "The couple left for the Far East ten years later.",
    "57107932a58dae1900cd69ca": ")",
    "57107932a58dae1900cd69cb": ".",
    "57107932a58dae1900cd69cc": "Amsterdam)",
    "57107932a58dae1900cd69cd": "known as Bushwick",
    "57107932a58dae1900cd69ce": "the first Europeans to live in Brooklyn",
    "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69df": "He became pastor of the first Huguenot church in North America in that city.",
    "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e1": "they purchased from the British Landgrave Edmund Bellinger.",
    "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e2": "Elie Prioleau from the town of Pons in France, was among the first to settle there.",
    "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e0": "After petitioning the British Crown in 1697 for the right to own land in the Baronies,",
    "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69de": "He became pastor of the first Huguenot church in North America in that city.",
    "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e8": "who later became King of England, emerged as the strongest opponent of king Louis XIV af",
    "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e9": "They also found many French-speaking Calvinist churches there.",
    "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ea": "William formed the League of Augsburg as a coalition to oppose Louis and the French state.",
    "57107c24a58dae1900cd69eb": "y, many Huguenots considered the wealthy and Calvinist Dutch Republic",
    "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ec": "tes. They also found many French-speaking Calvinist churches there.",
    "57107d73b654c5140001f91d": "which abolished all legal recognition of Protestantism in France",
    "57107d73b654c5140001f91e": ".",
    "57107d73b654c5140001f91f": "Renewed religious warfare",
    "57107d73b654c5140001f920": "Huguenots had fled France by the early 18th century[citation needed].",
    "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f2": "The Catholic Church in France and many of its members opposed the Huguenots.",
    "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f3": "The height of this persecution was the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre wh",
    "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f4": ".",
    "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f5": "Retaliating against the French Catholics, the Huguenots had their own militia.",
    "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f6": "The height of this persecution was the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre wh",
    "57108073b654c5140001f927": "The rebellions were implacably suppressed by the French Crown.",
    "57108073b654c5140001f926": "The uprising occurred a decade",
    "57108073b654c5140001f928": ".",
    "57108073b654c5140001f929": "The Huguenots res",
    "57108073b654c5140001f925": "A series of three small civil wars",
    "57108198b654c5140001f937": "Huguenots to this day",
    "57108198b654c5140001f938": "Huguenots to this day",
    "57108198b654c5140001f939": "some 2% of its population.",
    "57108198b654c5140001f93a": "who still regard themselves as Huguenots to this day.",
    "57108198b654c5140001f93b": "who still regard themselves as Huguenots to this day.",
    "57108c95b654c5140001f979": ".",
    "57108c95b654c5140001f97a": "ed.",
    "57108c95b654c5140001f97b": "The \"Huguenot Street Historic District",
    "57108c95b654c5140001f97c": "New Paltz.",
    "57108c95b654c5140001f97d": "ich the current neighborhood of Huguenot was named.",
    "57108d69b654c5140001f983": "an estimated total of 75,000 to 100,000 people.",
    "57108d69b654c5140001f984": "the Dutch Republic received the largest group of Huguenot refugees",
    "57108d69b654c5140001f985": "was a huge influx as the entire population of the Dutch Republic amounted to ca.",
    "57108d69b654c5140001f986": "In 1705, Amsterdam and the area of West Frisia we",
    "57108d69b654c5140001f987": "an estimated total of 75,000 to 100,000 people.",
    "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1a": "the gate of King Hugo,",
    "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1b": "Huguon, the gate of King Hugo",
    "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1c": "was haunted by the ghost of le roi Huguet",
    "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1d": "being in Purgatory came back to harm the living at night.",
    "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1e": "night, both for political purposes, and for prayer and singing psalms.",
    "571090abb654c5140001f995": "Other evi",
    "571090abb654c5140001f996": "was the site of a weaving school from the late 16th century to about 1830.",
    "571090abb654c5140001f997": "Others refugees practised the variety of occupations necessary",
    "571090abb654c5140001f998": ".",
    "571090abb654c5140001f999": "was the site of a weaving school from the late 16th century to about 1830.",
    "57109180a58dae1900cd6a41": "French Church Street in Cork City",
    "57109180a58dae1900cd6a40": "Dublin, Cork, Youghal and Waterford in the 17th and 18th centuries.",
    "57109180a58dae1900cd6a42": "D'Olier Street in Dublin,",
    "57109180a58dae1900cd6a43": "named after a High Sheriff and one of the founders of the Bank of Ireland.",
    "57109180a58dae1900cd6a44": "was built to serve the significant new Huguenot community in the town.",
    "57109275b654c5140001f99f": "The exodus of Huguenots from",
    "57109275b654c5140001f9a0": "The French crown's refusal to allow non-Catholics to settle in New France may",
    "57109275b654c5140001f9a1": "The French crown's refusal to allow non-Catholics to settle in New France",
    "57109275b654c5140001f9a2": "in 1759-60.",
    "57109275b654c5140001f9a3": "in 1759-60.",
    "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5c": "when Henry of Navarre, having succeeded to the French throne as Henry IV,",
    "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5d": "issued the Edict of Nantes.",
    "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5e": "The Edict reaffirmed Catholicism as the state religion of France,",
    "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5f": ".",
    "571093aba58dae1900cd6a60": "e and a degree of religious and political freedom within their domains.",
    "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a66": "Those Huguenots wh",
    "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a67": "Those Huguenots wh",
    "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a68": "Four thousand emigrated to the North American colonies,",
    "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a69": "Huguenots who stayed in France became Catholics and were called \"new converts\".",
    "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a6a": "Those Huguenots who stayed in France became Catholics",
    "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a76": "The first Huguenots",
    "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a77": "It was an attempt to establish a French colony in South America.",
    "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a78": "It was an attempt to establish a French colony in South America.",
    "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a79": ".",
    "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a7a": "This document, the Guanabara Confession of Faith",
    "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a86": "Many of the farms in the Western Cape province in South Africa still bear French names.",
    "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a87": ".",
    "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a88": ".",
    "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a89": "The wine industry in South Africa owes a significant debt to the Huguenots,",
    "571097baa58dae1900cd6a98": "being the largest.",
    "571097baa58dae1900cd6a99": "Paul Revere",
    "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9a": "The last active Huguenot congregation in North America",
    "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9b": "The Huguenot Society of America maintains Manakin Episcopal Church",
    "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9c": "The Society has chapters in numerous states, with the one in Texas being the largest.",
    "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab2": "Some Huguenots settled in Bedfordshire",
    "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab3": "when it was widely copied throughout Europe.",
    "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab4": "no contemporary documentation to support there being Huguenot lacemakers in Bedfordshire.",
    "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab5": "Mechlin lace did not develop until",
    "571099b2b654c5140001f9b3": "Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichstadt.",
    "571099b2b654c5140001f9b4": "By 1700, one-fifth of the city's population was French speaking.",
    "571099b2b654c5140001f9b5": ".",
    "571099b2b654c5140001f9b6": "Many of their descendents rose to positions of prominence.",
    "571099b2b654c5140001f9b7": "Several congregations were founded, su",
    "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b26": "country.",
    "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b27": "the rugged C\u00e9vennes region in the south.",
    "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b28": "In the early 18th century, a regional group known as the Camisards wh",
    "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b29": "against the Catholic Church in the region, burning churches and killing clergy.",
    "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b2a": "1702 and 1709.",
    "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b30": "Florida",
    "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b31": "Fort Caroline on the banks of the St. Johns River in what is today Jacksonville, Florida.",
    "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b32": "in what is today Jacksonville, Florida.",
    "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b33": "Jacksonville, Florida.",
    "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b34": "the St. Johns River in what is today Jacksonville, Florida.",
    "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa17": "and founded the outpost of Charlesfort on Parris Island, South Carolina.",
    "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa18": "o established the settlement of St. Augustine near Fort Caroline.",
    "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa19": "who established the settlement of St. Augustine near Fort Caroline. Men",
    "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1a": "South Carolina.",
    "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1b": "Charlesfort on Parris Island, South Carolina.",
    "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3a": "ere the English Crown had promised them land grants in Lower Norfolk County.",
    "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3b": "where the English Crown had promised them land grants in Lower Norfolk County",
    "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3c": "When",
    "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3d": ".",
    "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3e": "where the English Crown had promised them land grants in Lower Norfolk County.",
    "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2b": "the Dutch Revolt (1568\u20131609).",
    "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2c": "(1568\u20131609).",
    "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2d": "condemning the Spanish Inquisition,",
    "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2e": "Early ties were already visible in the \"Apologie\" of William the Silent,",
    "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2f": "which was written by his court minister,",
    "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b60": "Both before and",
    "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b61": ".",
    "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b62": "with many moving on to Ireland and elsewhere.",
    "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b63": "who led the exiled community in London,",
    "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b64": "Andrew",
    "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b72": "Huguenot regiments fought for William of Orange in the Williamite war in Ireland",
    "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b73": "Huguenot regiments fought for William of Orange in the Williamite war in Ireland",
    "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b74": "Huguenot regiments fought for William of Orange in the Williamite war in Ireland",
    "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b75": ".",
    "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b76": "Huguenot regiments fought for William of Orange in the Williamite war in Ireland",
    "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa45": "1604.",
    "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa46": "1604.",
    "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa47": ".",
    "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa48": "Some members of this community emigrated to the United States in the 1890s.",
    "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa49": "Saarland in 1604.",
    "5711119cb654c5140001fae3": "The bulk of Huguenot \u00e9migr\u00e9s relocated to Protestant European",
    "5711119cb654c5140001fae4": "nd.",
    "5711119cb654c5140001fae6": "d.",
    "5711119cb654c5140001fae5": ".",
    "5711119cb654c5140001fae7": "freely.",
    "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcc": "equivalent to little Hugos, or those who want Hugo.",
    "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcd": ".",
    "571112ada58dae1900cd6bce": "it must have originated in the French language.",
    "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcf": "want Hugo.",
    "571112ada58dae1900cd6bd0": "France, it must have originated in the French language.",
    "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd6": "Jacques Lefevre (c. 1455\u20131536).",
    "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd7": "Other pr",
    "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd8": "published a French Bible for them.",
    "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd9": "William Farel was a student of Lefevre wh",
    "57111380a58dae1900cd6bda": "During the Protestant Reformation, Lefevre, a professor at the University of Paris,",
    "57111428b654c5140001faff": "In what became",
    "57111428b654c5140001fb00": "Catholics killed thousands of Huguenots in Paris.",
    "57111428b654c5140001fb01": "Catholics killed thousands of Huguenots in Paris.",
    "57111428b654c5140001fb02": "An amnesty granted in 1573 pardoned the perpetrators.",
    "57111429b654c5140001fb03": "By 17 September, almost 25,000 Protestants had been massacred in Paris alone.",
    "571114cfb654c5140001fb09": "and acted increasingly aggressively to force the Huguenots to convert.",
    "571114cfb654c5140001fb0a": "the Huguenots to convert.",
    "571114cfb654c5140001fb0b": "the Huguenots to convert.",
    "571114cfb654c5140001fb0c": "the Huguenots to convert.",
    "571114cfb654c5140001fb0d": "Escalating,",
    "5711163bb654c5140001fb13": "New Rochelle",
    "5711163bb654c5140001fb14": "d to be the great location of the Huguenots in New York.",
    "5711163bb654c5140001fb15": "They purchased from John Pell",
    "5711163bb654c5140001fb16": "It was named New Rochelle after La Rochelle, their former strong-hold in France.",
    "5711163bb654c5140001fb17": "It was named New Rochelle after La Rochelle, their former strong-hold in France.",
    "57111713a58dae1900cd6c00": "st",
    "57111713a58dae1900cd6c01": "st",
    "57111713a58dae1900cd6c02": "st",
    "57111713a58dae1900cd6c03": "Their descendants in many families con",
    "57111713a58dae1900cd6c04": "ample, E.I. du Pont, a former student of Lavoisier,",
    "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0a": "One of the most prominent Huguenot refugees in the Netherlands was Pierre Bayle.",
    "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0b": ".",
    "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0c": "feast.",
    "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0d": "It became one of the 100 foundational texts of the US Library of Congress.",
    "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0e": "Som",
    "57111992b654c5140001fb43": "The French Protestant Church of London was established by Royal Charter in 1550.",
    "57111992b654c5140001fb44": "It is now located at Soho Square.",
    "57111992b654c5140001fb45": "It is now located at Soho Square.",
    "57111992b654c5140001fb46": "Huguenot refugees flocked to Shoreditch, London.",
    "57111992b654c5140001fb47": "The Old Truman Brewery, then known as the Black Eagle Brewery",
    "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3c": "Hamburg, Bremen and Lower Saxony.",
    "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3d": "ound",
    "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3e": "which",
    "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3f": "by Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia.",
    "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c40": "the Altpreu\u00dfische Infantry Reg",
    "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c50": ".",
    "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c51": "a number of their descendants rose to positions of prominence in Prussia.",
    "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c52": "re.",
    "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c53": "The las",
    "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c54": "Thomas de Maizi\u00e8re.",
    "57112686b654c5140001fbd3": "solar power, nuclear power or geothermal energy may be used.",
    "57112686b654c5140001fbd4": ".",
    "57112686b654c5140001fbd5": ".",
    "57112686b654c5140001fbd6": ".",
    "57112686b654c5140001fbd7": "The reduced-pressure steam is then condensed and pumped back into the boiler.",
    "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb2": "Thomas Newcomen around 1712.",
    "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb3": "was the atmospheric engine, invented by Thomas Newcomen around 1712.",
    "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb4": "was the atmospheric engine, invented by Thomas Newcomen around 1712.",
    "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb5": "invented by Thomas Newcomen",
    "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb6": "It worked by creating a partial vacuum by condensing steam under a piston",
    "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc4": "The",
    "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc5": ".",
    "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc6": "the",
    "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc7": "Merthyr Tydfil to Abercynon in south Wales",
    "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc8": ".",
    "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0e": "The Rankine",
    "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0f": "Utility and industrial boilers commonly use multi-stage centrifugal pumps;",
    "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d10": ".",
    "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d11": ".",
    "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d12": "which uses a steam jet usually supplied from the boiler.",
    "57113639a58dae1900cd6d18": "The result is the multiple expansion engine.",
    "57113639a58dae1900cd6d19": ".",
    "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1a": "In the late 19th century",
    "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1b": ".",
    "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1c": "Th",
    "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d22": "Corliss, and later",
    "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d23": "Stephenson, Joy and Walschaerts motions.",
    "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d24": "The usual compromise solution",
    "57113ba6b654c5140001fc1f": "Lead fusible plugs may be present in the crown of the boiler's firebox.",
    "57113ba6b654c5140001fc20": "I",
    "57113ba6b654c5140001fc21": "the lead melts and",
    "57113ba6b654c5140001fc22": "warning the operators, who may then manually suppress the fire.",
    "57113ba6b654c5140001fc23": "the steam escape has little effect on dampening the fire.",
    "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d28": "James Watt patented a steam engine that produced continuous rotary motion.",
    "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d29": "In 1781 James Watt patented a steam engine that produced continuous rotary motion.",
    "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2a": "Wat",
    "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2b": "wered.",
    "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2c": "The stationary steam engine was a key component of the Industrial Revolution,",
    "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d32": "The history of the steam engine stretches back as far as the first century AD;",
    "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d33": "the aeolipile described by Greek mathematician Hero of Alexandria",
    "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d34": "Hero of Alexandria.",
    "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d35": "in 1629.",
    "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d36": "Jer",
    "57113f83b654c5140001fc29": "Near the end of the 19th century compound engines came into widespread use.",
    "57113f83b654c5140001fc2a": "These stages were called expansions, with double and triple expansion engines",
    "57113f83b654c5140001fc2b": "These stages were called expansions, with double and triple expansion engines being common,",
    "57113f83b654c5140001fc2d": "e.",
    "57113f83b654c5140001fc2c": "These stages were called expansions, with double and triple expansion engines be",
    "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5a": ".",
    "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5b": "in the late part of the 19th century.",
    "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5c": "Steam turbines are generally more efficient than reciprocating piston type steam engines",
    "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5d": "In the United States 90",
    "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5e": "Today most electric power is provided by steam turbines.",
    "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6e": "The heat",
    "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6f": ".",
    "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d70": "In some cases the heat source",
    "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d71": "the heat source can be an electric heating element.",
    "57114667a58dae1900cd6d80": "the performance of steam engines is the steam engine indicator.",
    "57114667a58dae1900cd6d81": "the steam engine indicator.",
    "57114667a58dae1900cd6d82": ".",
    "57114667a58dae1900cd6d83": "Charles Porter by Charles Richard and exhibited at London Exhibition in 1862.",
    "57114667a58dae1900cd6d84": "The most useful instrument for analyzing the performance of steam engines",
    "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8a": ".",
    "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8b": "180\u00b0, the groups being set at 90\u00b0 to each other.",
    "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8c": "at 90\u00b0 out of phase with each other (quartered).",
    "5711488ab654c5140001fc3d": ".",
    "5711488ab654c5140001fc3e": "The complete engine cycle occupies",
    "5711488ab654c5140001fc3f": "The complete engine cycle o",
    "5711488ab654c5140001fc40": "The complete engine cycle occupies",
    "5711488ab654c5140001fc41": "The complete engine cyc",
    "57114aceb654c5140001fc47": "The",
    "57114aceb654c5140001fc48": "Uniflow",
    "57114aceb654c5140001fc49": "Uniflow engines",
    "57114b1a2419e31400955575": "ich does not require valves to direct steam into and out of the cylinder.",
    "57114b1a2419e31400955576": "trunnion).",
    "57114b1a2419e31400955577": "These engines are main",
    "57114b1a2419e31400955578": "full size working engines, mainly on ships where their compactness is valued.",
    "57114dfb50c2381900b54a53": "The working fluid in a Rankine cycle can operate as a closed loop system,",
    "57114dfb50c2381900b54a54": "where the exhaust steam is directly released to the atmosphere,",
    "57114dfb50c2381900b54a55": "Mercury is the working fluid in the mercury vapor turbine.",
    "57114dfb50c2381900b54a56": ".",
    "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5b": "The efficiency of a Rankine cycle is usually limited by the working fluid.",
    "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5c": ".",
    "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5d": "the creep limit of stainless steel) and condenser temperatures are around 30 \u00b0C.",
    "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5f": ".",
    "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5e": "Th",
    "57114f0050c2381900b54a65": "Ste",
    "57114f0050c2381900b54a66": "railway locomotives, ships, steamboats and road vehicles.",
    "57114f0050c2381900b54a67": "the Stanley Steamer.",
    "57114f0050c2381900b54a68": "Steam engines",
    "57114f0050c2381900b54a69": "Steam engines",
    "571153422419e3140095557d": "in 1808.",
    "571153422419e3140095557e": "the successful twin-cylinder locomotive Salamanca",
    "571153422419e3140095557f": "the successful twin-cylinder locomotive Salamanca",
    "571153422419e31400955580": "was used by the edge railed rack and pinion Middleton Railway.",
    "571153422419e31400955581": "In 1825 George Stephenson built the Locomotion for the Stockton and Darlington Railway.",
    "5711541350c2381900b54a6f": "who patented his Woolf high-pressure compound engine in 1805.",
    "5711541350c2381900b54a70": "who patented his Woolf high-pressure compound engine in 1805.",
    "5711541350c2381900b54a71": "By staging the expansion in multiple cylinders, torque variability can be reduced.",
    "5711541350c2381900b54a72": "To",
    "571154c72419e31400955587": "The main use for steam turbines is in electricity generation (in the 1990s about 90%",
    "571154c72419e31400955588": "reciprocating steam engines.",
    "571154c72419e31400955589": "have almost entirely supplanted steam propulsion for marine applications.",
    "571154c72419e3140095558a": ".",
    "571154c72419e3140095558b": "In",
    "571155ae2419e31400955591": "The Rankine cycle",
    "571155ae2419e31400955592": "the waste heat being removed in a condenser.",
    "571155ae2419e31400955593": "In the 1990s",
    "571155ae2419e31400955594": "It is named after William John Macquorn Rankine, a Scottish polymath.",
    "571155ae2419e31400955595": "It is named after William John Macquorn Rankine, a Scottish polymath.",
    "571156152419e3140095559b": ".",
    "571156152419e3140095559f": "This was a three-fold improvement over the average Newcomen design.",
    "571156152419e3140095559e": "were over the earlier Newcomen designs.",
    "571156152419e3140095559d": "burning one bushel (94 pounds) of coal.",
    "571156152419e3140095559c": ".",
    "57115ac550c2381900b54a77": "when advances in the design of electric motors and internal combustion engines",
    "57115ac550c2381900b54a78": "the dominant source of power until the early 20th century",
    "57115ac550c2381900b54a79": "Considering",
    "57115ac550c2381900b54a7a": "Reciprocating",
    "57115b2850c2381900b54a7f": "was a water pump, developed in 1698 by Thomas Savery.",
    "57115b2850c2381900b54a80": ".",
    "57115b2850c2381900b54a81": ".",
    "57115b2850c2381900b54a82": "It",
    "57115b2850c2381900b54a83": "published in 1751.",
    "57115b8b50c2381900b54a89": "Around 1800",
    "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8a": "Trevithick obtained his high-pressure engine patent in 1802.",
    "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8b": "patent in 1802.",
    "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8c": ".",
    "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8d": "the steam engine as a power source",
    "57115bf350c2381900b54a93": "Although the reciprocating steam engine is",
    "57115bf350c2381900b54a94": "The company Energiprojekt AB in Sweden",
    "57115bf350c2381900b54a95": "It is a single-step,",
    "57115bf350c2381900b54a96": "4 kg (8.8 lb) of steam per kWh.",
    "57115bf350c2381900b54a97": "some 27-30% on high-pressure engines.",
    "57115c7450c2381900b54a9d": "Where CHP",
    "57115c7450c2381900b54a9e": ".",
    "57115c7450c2381900b54a9f": ".",
    "57115c7450c2381900b54aa0": "Evaporative cooling towers need less water flow than \"once-",
    "57115c7450c2381900b54aa1": "about 3600 cubic metres of make-up water every hour for evaporative cooling, but",
    "57115dbe2419e314009555a5": "James Watt for use on a steam engine in 1788",
    "57115dbe2419e314009555a6": "James Watt",
    "57115dbe2419e314009555a7": ".",
    "57115dbe2419e314009555a8": "The governor was",
    "57115dbe2419e314009555a9": ".",
    "57115e532419e314009555af": ".",
    "57115e532419e314009555b0": "it was popular in many other countries.",
    "57115e532419e314009555b1": "where it was often perceived as complicated.",
    "57115e532419e314009555b2": "Britain, where compounding was never common and not employed after 1930).",
    "57115e532419e314009555b3": "However, although never in the majority, it was popular in many other countries.",
    "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa7": "this in turn proportionately lengthens the expansion period.",
    "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa8": "oking it and giving excessive compression (\"kick back\").",
    "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa9": "t;",
    "57115f0a50c2381900b54aaa": ".",
    "57115f652419e314009555b9": "the first patent for a steam engine in 1606.",
    "57115f652419e314009555ba": "The Spanish",
    "57115f652419e314009555bb": "The Spanish inventor Jer\u00f3nimo de Ayanz y Beaumont",
    "57115f652419e314009555bc": "Savery's steam pu",
    "57115f652419e314009555bd": "Thomas",
    "57115ff82419e314009555c3": "The rotors have a propeller-like arrangement of blades at the outer edge.",
    "57115ff82419e314009555c4": "A steam turbine",
    "57115ff82419e314009555c5": "The rotors have a propeller-like arrangement of blades at the outer edge.",
    "57115ff82419e314009555c6": "The rotors have a propeller-like arrangement of blades at the outer edge.",
    "57115ff82419e314009555c7": "Typical speeds are 3600 revolutions per minute (RPM) in the USA with",
    "5711607f2419e314009555cd": ".",
    "5711607f2419e314009555ce": "For mobile applications steam has been largely superseded by internal combustion engines",
    "5711607f2419e314009555cf": "However, most electric power is generated using steam turbine plant",
    "5711607f2419e314009555d0": "Recent concerns",
    "5711607f2419e314009555d1": "This is becoming known as the Advanced Steam movement.",
    "571161092419e314009555d7": "It is possible to use a mechanism based on a pistonless rotary engine such",
    "571161092419e314009555d8": "It is possible to use a mechanism based on a pistonless rotary engine such",
    "571161092419e314009555d9": "The major problem is the difficulty of sealing the rotors",
    "5711619950c2381900b54aaf": "with a separate condenser.",
    "5711619950c2381900b54ab0": "James Watt developed (1763\u20131775)",
    "5711619950c2381900b54ab1": "e.",
    "5711619950c2381900b54ab2": "e.",
    "5711619950c2381900b54ab3": "They were powered by air pressure pushing a piston in",
    "5711623e50c2381900b54ab9": "Steam engines",
    "5711623e50c2381900b54aba": ".",
    "5711623e50c2381900b54abb": "The more recent type of safety valve uses an adjustable spring-loaded valve",
    "5711623e50c2381900b54abc": ".",
    "5711623e50c2381900b54abd": "fastened the valve down to allow greater steam pressure and more power from the engine.",
    "5711628a2419e314009555dd": "The acme of the horizontal engine was the Corliss steam engine, patented in 1849,",
    "5711628a2419e314009555de": "The acme of the horizontal engine was the Corliss steam engine, patented in 1849",
    "5711628a2419e314009555e1": "Watt's time has so enhanced the efficiency of the steam engine\".",
    "5711628a2419e314009555df": ".",
    "5711628a2419e314009555e0": "When Corliss was given the Rumford medal the committee said that",
    "571163172419e314009555e7": "The steam engine contributed much to the development of thermodynamic theory;",
    "571163172419e314009555e8": "The experimental measurements made by Watt on a model steam engine led",
    "571163172419e314009555e9": "The experimental measurements made by Watt on a model steam engine led",
    "571163172419e314009555ea": "Watt independently discovered latent heat,",
    "571163172419e314009555eb": "Watt was also aware of the change in the boiling point of water with pressure.",
    "5711648850c2381900b54ac3": "One of the principal advantages the Rankine cycle holds over others is",
    "5711648850c2381900b54ac4": "during the compression stage relatively little work is required to drive the pump",
    "5711648850c2381900b54ac5": "By condensing the fluid",
    "5711648850c2381900b54ac6": "Gas turbines, for instance, have turbine entry temperatures approaching 1500 \u00b0C.",
    "5711651050c2381900b54acb": "the draft for fireboxes.",
    "5711651050c2381900b54acc": "condensers to recirculate the water and",
    "5711651050c2381900b54acd": ".",
    "5711651050c2381900b54ace": ".",
    "5711651050c2381900b54acf": "When",
    "5711658e50c2381900b54ad5": "Land-based steam engines could exhaust much of their steam",
    "5711658e50c2381900b54ad6": "It was however superseded by the British invention steam turbine",
    "5711658e50c2381900b54ad7": "It was however superseded by the British invention steam turbine wh",
    "5711658e50c2381900b54ad8": "warships, such as the dreadnought battleships, and ocean liners.",
    "5711658e50c2381900b54ad9": "e.",
    "571166352419e314009555f1": "Virtually all",
    "571166352419e314009555f2": ".",
    "571166352419e314009555f3": "steam that drives a turbine connected to an electrical generator.",
    "571166352419e314009555f4": ".",
    "571166352419e314009555f5": "Som",
    "5711669550c2381900b54adf": "The Rankine cycle is sometimes referred to as a practical Carnot cycle because,",
    "5711669550c2381900b54ae0": "The Rankine cycle is sometimes referred to as a practical Carnot cycle",
    "5711669550c2381900b54ae1": "The main difference is that heat addition (in the boiler) and rejection (in the condenser",
    "5711669550c2381900b54ae2": "eived from the condenser as a liquid not as a gas.",
    "5711669550c2381900b54ae3": "the working fluid which is received from the condenser as a liquid not as a gas.",
    "571a484210f8ca1400304fbd": "It is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic tabl",
    "571a484210f8ca1400304fbe": "is the third-most abundant element in the universe, after hydrogen and helium.",
    "571a484210f8ca1400304fc0": "At standard temperature and pressure, two atoms of the element bind to form dioxygen,",
    "571a484210f8ca1400304fc1": "mass.",
    "571a484210f8ca1400304fbf": "2. Diatomic oxygen gas constitutes 20.8% of the Earth's atmosphere.",
    "571bb2269499d21900609ca9": "Oxygen is",
    "571bb2269499d21900609caa": "making up almost half of the crust's mass.",
    "571bb2269499d21900609cab": ".",
    "571bb2269499d21900609cad": "Oxygen is",
    "571bb2269499d21900609cac": ".",
    "571c3a685efbb31900334db2": ".",
    "571c3a685efbb31900334db3": ".",
    "571c3a685efbb31900334db4": "Oxygen is",
    "571c3a685efbb31900334db5": "Oxygen is",
    "571c3a685efbb31900334db6": "Oxygen is",
    "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94a": "Oxygen is used in cellular respiration and released by photosynthesis,",
    "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94b": "ich uses the energy of sunlight to produce oxygen from water.",
    "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94c": "the biosphere from ultraviolet radiation, but",
    "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09c": "is oxygen as it is a part of water, the major constituent of lifeforms.",
    "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09d": "xygen as it is a part of water, the major constituent of lifeforms.",
    "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09e": "which uses the energy of sunlight to produce oxygen from water.",
    "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09f": "where it is a by-product of smog.",
    "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c0a0": "where it is a by-product of smog.",
    "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd5": "Robert Boyle proved that air is necessary for combustion.",
    "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd6": "that he called spiritus nitroaereus or just nitroaereus.",
    "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd7": "From this he surmised that nitroaereus is consumed in both respiration and combustion.",
    "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd8": ".",
    "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a6": "In the late 17th century, Robert Boyle proved that air is necessary for combustion.",
    "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a7": ".",
    "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a8": "From this he surmised that nitroaereus is consumed in both respiration and combustion.",
    "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a9": "From this he surmised that nitroaereus is consumed in both respiration and combustion.",
    "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0aa": "only a part of air that he called spiritus nitroaereus or just nitroaereus.",
    "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a958": "Priestley published his findings in 1775 in a paper titled \"",
    "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a959": ".",
    "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95b": ".",
    "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95a": "an experiment conducted by the British clergyman Joseph Priestley",
    "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b0": "which liberated a gas he named \"dephlogisticated air\".",
    "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b1": "which liberated a gas he named \"dephlogisticated air\".",
    "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b2": "Priestley published his findings in 1775 in",
    "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b3": "Priestley is usually given priority in the discovery.",
    "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b4": "He noted that candles burned brighter in the gas",
    "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdd": ".",
    "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fde": "BCE Greek writer on mechanics, Philo of Byzantium.",
    "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdf": ".",
    "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fe0": ".",
    "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0ba": "One of the first known experiments on the relationship between combustion",
    "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bb": "Philo incorrectly surmised that parts of the air in the vessel were con",
    "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bc": "Many centuries later Leonardo da Vinci built on Philo's work",
    "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bd": "glass.",
    "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0be": "Man",
    "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a960": "is needed to trigger combustion.",
    "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a961": "fire.",
    "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a962": "fire.",
    "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a963": "fire.",
    "571cebc05efbb31900334e49": "an ignition event, such as heat or a spark, is needed to trigger combustion.",
    "571cebc05efbb31900334e4a": "because they can donate oxygen to a fire.",
    "571cebc05efbb31900334e48": "fire.",
    "571cebc05efbb31900334e4b": "Highly concentrated sources of oxygen promote rapid combustion.",
    "571cebc05efbb31900334e4c": ".",
    "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a968": "sion.",
    "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a969": ".",
    "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96a": "pheric pressure, instead of the 1\u20443 normal pressure that would be used in a mission.",
    "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96b": ".",
    "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a0": ".",
    "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a1": "e that would be used in a mission.",
    "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a2": "sion.",
    "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a4": "The fire that killed the Apollo 1 crew in a launch pad test spread so rapidly bec",
    "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe6": "is largely composed of silicates of magnesium and iron.",
    "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe7": "Oxygen is",
    "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe5": "composed of silicates of magnesium and iron.",
    "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3e": "pounds, in particular various complex silicates (in silicate minerals).",
    "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3f": "s).",
    "571ce7f25efbb31900334e40": "largely composed of silicates of magnesium and iron.",
    "571ce7f25efbb31900334e41": "The Earth's mantle, of much larger mass than the crust,",
    "571ce7f25efbb31900334e42": "The rest of the Earth's crust is",
    "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c4": "that the atoms in compounds would",
    "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c5": "that the atoms in compounds would normally",
    "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c6": ".",
    "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c7": "the assumption of diatomic elemental molecules.",
    "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c8": "Amedeo Avogadro had",
    "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0ce": "Highly combustible materials",
    "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0cf": "Highly",
    "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d0": ").",
    "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d1": "when they were supposedly losing phlogiston).",
    "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d2": ".",
    "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d8": "In this dioxygen, the two oxygen atoms are chemically bonded to each other.",
    "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d9": "In this dioxygen, the two oxygen atoms are chemically bonded to each other.",
    "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0da": "the double bond",
    "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0db": "In this dioxygen, the two oxygen atoms are chemically bonded to each other.",
    "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0dc": ".",
    "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e2": "Oxygen was discovered independently by Carl Wilhelm Scheele",
    "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e3": "it was mistakenly thought that all acids required oxygen in their composition.",
    "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e4": "It",
    "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e5": "Common uses of oxygen includes",
    "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e6": "the then-popular phlogiston theory of combustion and corrosion.",
    "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ec": "An",
    "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ed": "Hence, the ground state of the O\n2 molecule is referred to as triplet oxygen.",
    "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ee": "Because of its unpaired electrons, triplet oxygen reacts on",
    "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ef": "this prevents spontaneous combustion.",
    "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0f0": "The highest energy, partially filled orbitals are antibonding",
    "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f6": "1777.",
    "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f7": "He also noted that the tin had increased in weight",
    "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f8": "when tin and air were heated in a closed container.",
    "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f9": "In",
    "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0fa": "Lavoisier observed",
    "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c100": "ozone and is a very reactive allotrope of oxygen that is damaging to lung tissue.",
    "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c101": "ozone and is a very reactive allotrope of oxygen that is damaging to lung tissue",
    "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c102": "Oz",
    "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c103": "protective radiation shield for the planet.",
    "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c104": "ozone and is a very reactive allotrope of oxygen that is damaging to lung tissue.",
    "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10a": "It is the form that is a major part of the Earth's atmosphere (see Occurrence).",
    "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10b": "O\n2.",
    "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10c": "It is the form that is a major part of the Earth's atmosphere (see Occurrence).",
    "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10d": "e).",
    "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10e": "2 is used by complex forms of life",
    "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c114": "Scottish chemist James Dewar was able to produce enough liquid oxygen to study.",
    "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c115": "James Dewar was able to produce enough liquid oxygen to study.",
    "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c116": "The first commercially viable process for producing liquid oxygen",
    "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c118": "Later, in 1901, oxyacetylene we",
    "571c96095efbb31900334dbc": "Oxygen is more soluble in water than nitrogen is.",
    "571c96095efbb31900334dbd": "water.",
    "571c96095efbb31900334dbe": "The solubility of oxygen in water is temperature-dependent, and about twice as muc",
    "571c96095efbb31900334dbf": "Oxygen is more soluble in water than nitrogen is.",
    "571c96095efbb31900334dc0": ") dissolves at 0 \u00b0C than at 20 \u00b0C (7.6 mg\u00b7L\u22121).",
    "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11e": "Oxygen is",
    "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11f": "Oxygen",
    "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c120": "About 0.9% of the Sun's mass is oxygen.",
    "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c121": "About 0.9% of the Sun's mass is oxygen.",
    "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c122": "The",
    "571caac55efbb31900334dc6": "By the late 19th century scientists realized that air could be liquefied,",
    "571caac55efbb31900334dc7": "By the late 19th century scientists realized that air could be liquefied,",
    "571caac55efbb31900334dc8": ".",
    "571caac55efbb31900334dc9": "Only a few drops of the liquid were produced in either case",
    "571caac55efbb31900334dca": "Oxygen was liquified in stable state for the first time on March 29, 1883 by",
    "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd0": "Earth.",
    "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd1": "shown that the Sun has a higher proportion of oxygen-16 than does the Earth.",
    "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd2": "shown that the Sun has a higher proportion of oxygen-16 than does the Earth.",
    "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd3": ".",
    "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd4": "the Sun has a higher proportion of oxygen-16 than does the Earth.",
    "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c128": "O\n2 in which all the electron spins are paired.",
    "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c129": "towards common organic molecules than is molecular oxygen per se.",
    "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12a": ".",
    "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12b": "It is al",
    "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12c": "to tissues.",
    "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c132": "Paleoclimatologists",
    "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c133": "cle).",
    "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c134": "Paleoclimatologists measure the ratio of oxygen-18",
    "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c135": "s.",
    "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c136": "the seawater left behind tends to be higher in oxygen-18.",
    "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13c": "at the wavelengths 687 and 760 nm.",
    "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13d": ".",
    "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13e": ".",
    "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13f": ".",
    "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c140": "Some remote sensing scientists",
    "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c146": "In the triplet form, O\n2 molecules are paramagnetic.",
    "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c147": "between the poles of a powerful magnet.[",
    "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c148": "In the triplet form, O\n2 molecules are paramagnetic.",
    "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c149": "when it is in the presence of a magnetic field",
    "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c14a": "Liquid oxygen is",
    "571cc5c45efbb31900334dda": "are dangerous by-products of oxygen use in organisms.",
    "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddb": "Re",
    "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddc": "Reactive oxygen species al",
    "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddd": "Oxygen is toxic to obligately anaerobic organisms",
    "571cc5c45efbb31900334dde": "O\n2 began to accumulate in the atmosphere ab",
    "571cc6f85efbb31900334de4": "Oxygen condenses",
    "571cc6f85efbb31900334de5": ".",
    "571cc6f85efbb31900334de6": "It is a highly reactive substance and must be segregated from combustible materials.",
    "571cc6f85efbb31900334de7": "using liquid nitrogen as a coolant.",
    "571cc6f85efbb31900334de8": "It is a highly reactive substance and must be segregated from combustible materials.",
    "571cc8815efbb31900334dee": "Free oxygen also occurs in solution in the world's water bodies.",
    "571cc8815efbb31900334def": ".",
    "571cc8815efbb31900334df0": "due to their higher oxygen content.",
    "571cc8815efbb31900334df2": "Water polluted with plant nutrients",
    "571cc8815efbb31900334df1": "Scientists assess this aspect of water",
    "571cca4add7acb1400e4c150": "Free oxygen gas",
    "571cca4add7acb1400e4c151": "Free oxygen first appeared in significant quantities",
    "571cca4add7acb1400e4c152": "these organisms combined with dissolved iron in the oceans to form banded iron formations.",
    "571cca4add7acb1400e4c153": "reaching 10% of its present level around 1.7 billion years ago.",
    "571cca4add7acb1400e4c154": "When such oxygen sinks",
    "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15a": "The unusually high concentration of oxygen gas on Earth is",
    "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15b": "The unusually",
    "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15c": "the result of the oxygen cycle.",
    "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15d": "which is responsible for modern Earth's atmosphere.",
    "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15e": ".",
    "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df8": "peline.",
    "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df9": "which absorbs the nitrogen and delivers a gas stream that is 90% to 93% O\n2.",
    "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfa": "which absorbs the nitrogen and delivers a gas stream that is 90% to 93% O\n2.",
    "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfb": "Oxygen gas is",
    "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfc": "which absorbs the nitrogen and delivers a gas stream that is 90% to 93% O\n2.",
    "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c164": "Oxygen gas can",
    "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c165": "be produced through electrolysis of water into molecular oxygen and hydrogen.",
    "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c166": "gas.",
    "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c167": "Oxygen gas",
    "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c168": "be produced through electrolysis of water into molecular oxygen and hydrogen.",
    "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16e": "has a history of recreational use in oxygen bars and in sports.",
    "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16f": "The pharmacological effect is doubtful;",
    "571cd11add7acb1400e4c170": "ce.",
    "571cd11add7acb1400e4c172": ".",
    "571cd11add7acb1400e4c171": "Available studies support a performance boost from enriched O",
    "571cd3b55efbb31900334e03": ".",
    "571cd3b55efbb31900334e04": "carbon monoxide from the heme group of hemoglobin.",
    "571cd3b55efbb31900334e05": "Oxygen gas is poisonous",
    "571cd3b55efbb31900334e06": "Decompression sickness occurs in divers who decompress too quickly after a dive",
    "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17b": "Oxygen therapy",
    "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17a": "easing work load on the heart.",
    "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c179": "Treatment not only increases oxygen levels in the patient's blood,",
    "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c178": "oxygen.",
    "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17c": "oxygen.",
    "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c182": ".",
    "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c183": "ere x is usually around 0.05.",
    "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c184": "For example, the mineral FeO (w\u00fcstite)",
    "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c185": "oxides.",
    "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c186": ".",
    "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18d": "O\n2 supplies.",
    "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18e": "A steady stream of oxygen gas is then produced by the exothermic reaction.",
    "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18f": "A steady stream of oxygen gas is then produced by the exothermic reaction.",
    "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c190": "A steady stream of oxygen gas is then produced by the exothermic reaction.",
    "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c196": "Oxygen storage methods",
    "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c198": "need for large volumes of pure oxygen gas.",
    "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c197": "before it enters the building.",
    "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c199": "utting.",
    "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c19a": "need for large volumes of pure oxygen gas.",
    "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0c": "Acetone ((CH\n3)\n2CO) and phenol (C\n6H\n5OH)",
    "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0d": "Epoxides are ethers in which the oxygen atom is part of a ring of three atoms.",
    "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0e": "feeder materials in the synthesis of many different substances.",
    "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0f": "Epoxides are ethers in which the oxygen atom is part of a ring of three atoms.",
    "571cdcb85efbb31900334e10": "Among the most important classes of organic",
    "571cde695efbb31900334e16": "The element is foun",
    "571cde695efbb31900334e17": "contain no oxygen.",
    "571cde695efbb31900334e18": "carbohydrates contain the largest proportion by mass of oxygen.",
    "571cde695efbb31900334e19": "All fats, fatty acids, amino acids, and proteins contain oxygen (",
    "571cde695efbb31900334e1a": "The element is",
    "571ce3745efbb31900334e20": "can also occur in deep scuba diving and surface supplied diving.",
    "571ce3745efbb31900334e21": "Prolonged breathing of an air mixture with an O\n2",
    "571ce3745efbb31900334e22": "pressures greater than 160 kPa (about 1.6 atm) may",
    "571ce3745efbb31900334e23": ".",
    "571ce3745efbb31900334e24": "Acute oxygen toxicity (causing seizures,",
    "571ce5055efbb31900334e2a": "Breathing pure O",
    "571ce5055efbb31900334e2b": "O\n2",
    "571ce5055efbb31900334e2c": ".",
    "571ce5055efbb31900334e2e": "causes no damage due to the low total pressures used.",
    "571ce5055efbb31900334e2d": "e to the low total pressures used.",
    "571ce6655efbb31900334e34": "Oxygen gas (O\n2) can be toxic at elevated partial pressures,",
    "571ce6655efbb31900334e35": "ng on type of mask).",
    "571ce6655efbb31900334e36": ".",
    "571ce6655efbb31900334e37": "e).",
    "571ce6655efbb31900334e38": "This is",
    "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952d": "The 1973 oil crisis began in October 1973",
    "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952e": "By the end of the embargo in March 1974",
    "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952f": "1979 oil crisis, termed the \"second oil shock.",
    "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89530": "\"",
    "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89531": ".",
    "5725b5a689a1e219009abd28": ".",
    "5725b5a689a1e219009abd29": "the Nixon Administration began multilateral negotiations with the combatants.",
    "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2a": "negotiated an Israeli troop withdrawal from parts of the Sinai Peninsula.",
    "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2b": "Arab oil producers linked any future policy changes to peace between the belligerents.",
    "5725b76389a1e219009abd4a": "On August 15, 1971, the United States unilaterally pulled out of the Bretton Woods Accord.",
    "5725b76389a1e219009abd4b": "was left to \"float\" (rise and fall according to market demand).",
    "5725b76389a1e219009abd4c": "was a depreciation of the dollar and other industrialized nations' currencies.",
    "5725b76389a1e219009abd4d": "gold.",
    "5725b76389a1e219009abd4e": "Because oil was priced in dollars, oil producers' real income decreased.",
    "5725b92e38643c19005acbd3": "the dollar price of oil had risen by less than two percent per year.",
    "5725b92e38643c19005acbd4": "After 1971, OPEC was slow to readjust prices to reflect this depreciation.",
    "5725b92e38643c19005acbd5": "Bretton Woods levels in terms of commodities such as gold.",
    "5725b92e38643c19005acbd6": "the price had also remained fairly stable versus other currencies and commodities.",
    "5725bad5271a42140099d0bd": "on Yom Kippur.",
    "5725bad5271a42140099d0be": "Iran was the world's second-largest oil exporter and a close US ally.",
    "5725bad5271a42140099d0bf": "It's only fair that, from now on, you should pay more for oil. Let",
    "5725bad5271a42140099d0c0": "Iran was the world's second-largest oil exporter and a close US ally.",
    "5725bad5271a42140099d0c1": "Weeks later, the Shah of Iran said in an interview:",
    "5725bcb6271a42140099d0eb": "OPEC raised the posted price of oil by 70%, to $5.11 a barrel.",
    "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ec": "OPEC raised the posted price of oil by 70%, to $5.11 a barrel.",
    "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ed": "The following day, oil ministers agreed to the embargo",
    "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ee": "Nixon requested Congress to appropriate $2.2 billion in emergency aid to",
    "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ef": "At their Kuwait meeting,",
    "57261dab38643c19005ad037": "known as Wahhabism",
    "57261dab38643c19005ad038": "religious charities such al-Haramain Foundation",
    "57261dab38643c19005ad039": ".",
    "57261dab38643c19005ad03a": "Some of the income was dispensed in the form of aid to other underdeveloped nations wh",
    "57261dab38643c19005ad03b": "Saudi Arabia spent over 100 billion dollars in the ensuing decades for helping spread it",
    "57261f9f271a42140099d4a9": "In the US production, distribution and price disruptions \"",
    "57261f9f271a42140099d4aa": "The possibility that the Middle East co",
    "57261f9f271a42140099d4ab": "1973.",
    "57261f9f271a42140099d4ac": "Kissinger's dominance.",
    "5726241189a1e219009ac2de": "The embargo",
    "5726241189a1e219009ac2df": ".",
    "5726241189a1e219009ac2e0": "Macroeconomic problems consisted of both inflationary and deflationary impacts.",
    "5726241189a1e219009ac2e1": "The embargo left oil companies",
    "5726241189a1e219009ac2e2": ".",
    "5726487b5951b619008f6edd": "Of the nine members of the European Economic Community (EEC), the Netherlands",
    "5726487b5951b619008f6ede": ".",
    "5726487b5951b619008f6edf": "The UK had traditionally been an ally of Israel,",
    "5726487b5951b619008f6ee0": ".",
    "5726487b5951b619008f6ee1": "calling for Israel to withdraw to its pre-1967 borders.",
    "572649d8f1498d1400e8db36": "Despite being relatively unaffected by the embargo",
    "572649d8f1498d1400e8db37": "Despite being relatively unaffected by the embargo,",
    "572649d8f1498d1400e8db38": "own - a series of strikes by coal miners and railroad workers over",
    "572649d8f1498d1400e8db39": ".",
    "572649d8f1498d1400e8db3a": "Despite being",
    "57264cac708984140094c1b3": "Price controls exacerbated the crisis in the US.",
    "57264cac708984140094c1b4": ".",
    "57264cac708984140094c1b5": "Predictably, old oil was withdrawn from the market, creating greater scarcity.",
    "57264cac708984140094c1b7": "Scarcity was addressed by rationing (as in many countries).",
    "57264d9edd62a815002e80fe": "William E. Simon as the first Administrator of the Federal Energy Office,",
    "57264d9edd62a815002e80ff": ".",
    "57264d9edd62a815002e8100": "a short-term organization created to coordinate the response to the embargo.",
    "57264d9edd62a815002e8101": "el.",
    "57264efddd62a815002e8134": "To help reduce consumption",
    "57264efddd62a815002e8135": "the Emergency Highway Energy Conservation Act.",
    "57264efddd62a815002e8136": "through the Emergency Highway Energy Conservation Act.",
    "57264efddd62a815002e8137": "Bill Clinton signed the National Highway Designation Act",
    "57264efddd62a815002e8138": "the cabinet-level Department of Energy was created,",
    "572650325951b619008f6fa9": "The energy crisis led",
    "572650325951b619008f6faa": "There is",
    "572650325951b619008f6fab": "whose prospects are doubtful.",
    "57265200708984140094c237": "to forcibly seize Middle Eastern oilfields in late 1973.",
    "57265200708984140094c238": "1973.",
    "57265200708984140094c239": "ird World.",
    "57265200708984140094c23a": "the American occupation would need to last 10 years as",
    "57265360dd62a815002e819a": ".",
    "57265360dd62a815002e819b": "71% of its imported oil came from the Middle East in 1970.",
    "57265360dd62a815002e819c": "It received a 5% production cut in December, causing a panic.",
    "57265360dd62a815002e819d": "Palestinian self-determination",
    "57265360dd62a815002e819e": "By December 25, Japan was considered an Arab-friendly state.",
    "57265526708984140094c2bd": ".",
    "57265526708984140094c2be": "Both states were competing for pree",
    "57265526708984140094c2bf": "By 1979, Saudi arms purchases from the US exceeded five times Israel's",
    "57265526708984140094c2c0": "rev",
    "57265526708984140094c2c1": "in the seizure of the Grand Mosque in Mecca by Wahhabi extremists during November 1979 and",
    "5726581fdd62a815002e823a": "The crisis reduced the demand for large cars.",
    "5726581fdd62a815002e823b": "that were more fuel efficient than the typical American V8 and six cylinder engines.",
    "5726581fdd62a815002e823c": "were more fuel efficient than the typical American V8 and six cylinder engines.",
    "5726581fdd62a815002e823d": "Japanese",
    "572659535951b619008f703f": "opened US assembly plants and",
    "572659535951b619008f7040": "Some buyers lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts",
    "572659535951b619008f7041": "brands.",
    "572659535951b619008f7042": "Acura, Lexus and Infiniti",
    "57265a58dd62a815002e8270": "Compact trucks",
    "57265a58dd62a815002e8271": "its Forte as the Dodge D-50 a few years after the oil crisis.",
    "57265a58dd62a815002e8272": "Lat",
    "57265a58dd62a815002e8273": "Later the American makers in",
    "57265bdfdd62a815002e829e": "An increase in imported cars into North America forced General Motors",
    "57265bdfdd62a815002e829f": "the late 1970s.",
    "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a0": ".",
    "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a1": "popular again in the mid-1970s.",
    "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a2": "The",
    "57265ceddd62a815002e82b8": "s).",
    "57265ceddd62a815002e82b9": "Chrysler end",
    "57265ceddd62a815002e82ba": "I were a prelude to the DOT \"downsize\" revision of vehicle categories.",
    "57265e11708984140094c3bb": "its production was surpassed by that of other countries.",
    "57265e11708984140094c3bc": "which had peaked during the 1979 energy crisis at nearly $40 per barrel, decre",
    "57265e11708984140094c3bd": ".",
    "57265e11708984140094c3be": "l.",
    "5725b41838643c19005acb7f": "which put the first Americans in space,",
    "5725b41838643c19005acb80": "ried out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)",
    "5725b41838643c19005acb81": "The first manned flight of Apollo was in 1968.",
    "5725b41838643c19005acb82": "which put the first Americans in space",
    "5725b41838643c19005acb83": "Project Mercury",
    "5725b56589a1e219009abd20": "a joint Earth orbit mission with the Soviet Union in 1975.",
    "5725b56589a1e219009abd21": "Apollo used Saturn family rockets as launch vehicles.",
    "5725b56589a1e219009abd22": "a joint Earth orbit mission with the Soviet Union in 1975.",
    "5725b56589a1e219009abd23": "a space station that supported three manned missions in 1973\u201374",
    "5725b64d89a1e219009abd40": "Apollo 1 cabin fire that killed the entire crew during a prelaunch test.",
    "5725b64d89a1e219009abd41": "Apollo 1 cabin fire that killed the entire crew during a prelaunch test.",
    "5725b64d89a1e219009abd42": "Budget cuts forced the cancellation of three of these.",
    "5725b64d89a1e219009abd43": "Five of the remaining six missions achieved successful landings",
    "5725b64d89a1e219009abd44": "the Apollo 13 landing was prevented by an oxygen tank explosion in transit to the Moon,",
    "5725b77889a1e219009abd54": "Apollo 8",
    "5725b77889a1e219009abd55": "Apollo 17 mission marked the sixth Moon landing",
    "5725b77889a1e219009abd56": "The program returned 842 pounds (382 kg",
    "5725b77889a1e219009abd57": "Apollo also spurred advances in many areas of",
    "5725b888ec44d21400f3d453": ".",
    "5725b888ec44d21400f3d454": "While the Mercury cap",
    "5725b888ec44d21400f3d455": "While the Mercury capsule could only support one astronaut on a limited Earth orbital mission",
    "5725b888ec44d21400f3d457": "Mercury.",
    "5725b888ec44d21400f3d456": "the Eisenhower administration in early 1960, as a follow-up to Project Mercury.",
    "5725ba5038643c19005acbe7": "In July 1960,",
    "5725ba5038643c19005acbe8": "Meanwhile, NASA",
    "5725ba5038643c19005acbe9": "on October 25",
    "5725ba5038643c19005acbea": "In July 1960,",
    "5725bb34271a42140099d0c7": "John F. Kennedy",
    "5725bb34271a42140099d0c8": "but deferred a decision on the broader issue.",
    "5725bb34271a42140099d0c9": "was put off by the massive financial commitment required by a manned Moon landing.",
    "5725bb34271a42140099d0ca": "When Kennedy's newly appointed NASA Administrator James E. Webb re",
    "5725bb34271a42140099d0cb": "wer.",
    "5725bc7138643c19005acc1d": "the first person to fly in space",
    "5725bc7138643c19005acc1e": "the first person to fly in space",
    "5725bc7138643c19005acc1f": "At a meeting of the US House Committee on Science and Astronautics one day after Gagarin's",
    "5725bc7138643c19005acc20": "Kennedy was circums",
    "5725bd4b38643c19005acc31": "st.",
    "5725bd4b38643c19005acc32": "Kennedy sent a memo to Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson,",
    "5725bd4b38643c19005acc33": "Johnson to look into the status of America's space program",
    "5725bd4b38643c19005acc34": "this country is to reach a position of leadership",
    "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a5": "Robert R. Gilruth's Space Task Group",
    "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a6": "ich had been directing the nation's manned space program from NASA's Langley Research Center.",
    "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a7": ".",
    "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a8": "A site was chosen in Houston, Texas",
    "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a9": "its Cape Canaveral Air Force Station launch facilities in Florida,",
    "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdce": "But an even bigger facility would be needed for the mammoth rocket re",
    "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdcf": "The design, development and construction of the center",
    "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdd0": "The design, development and construction of the center was conducted by Kurt H. Debus",
    "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdd1": "and Cape Canaveral in honor of Kennedy.",
    "5725c01389a1e219009abdd7": "Although at least three pads were planned,",
    "5725c01389a1e219009abdd8": "The Apollo spacecraft co",
    "5725c01389a1e219009abdd9": "The Apollo spacecraft co",
    "5725c01389a1e219009abdd6": "ich the space vehicle (launch vehicle and spacecraft)",
    "5725c123271a42140099d131": "so he recruited Dr. George E. Mueller for a high management job.",
    "5725c123271a42140099d132": "Webb announ",
    "5725c123271a42140099d133": "then Associate Administrator D. Brainerd Holmes on",
    "5725c123271a42140099d134": "effectively reported to Mueller",
    "5725c2a038643c19005acc6b": "OMSF program controller.",
    "5725c2a038643c19005acc6c": "United States Air Force",
    "5725c2a038643c19005acc6d": "after which he returned to Air Force duty.",
    "5725c2a038643c19005acc6e": "Mueller agreed, and Phillips managed Apollo from January 1964",
    "5725c2a038643c19005acc6f": "program, as OMSF program controller.",
    "5725c4c289a1e219009abe44": "Many",
    "5725c4c289a1e219009abe45": "direct ascent was generally the mission mode in favor at NASA.",
    "5725c4c289a1e219009abe46": "sh",
    "5725c604271a42140099d185": "Seamans' establishment of",
    "5725c604271a42140099d186": "Seamans' establishment of",
    "5725c604271a42140099d187": "began to come around to support LOR,",
    "5725c604271a42140099d188": "newly hired deputy director of the Office of Manned Space Flight",
    "5725c604271a42140099d189": "It",
    "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d531": "who had",
    "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d532": "NASA's decisions on the Saturn V launch vehicle and LOR by forcing Shea,",
    "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d533": "who had left NASA, to chair his own \"Space Vehicle Panel\"",
    "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d534": "tentative\".",
    "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a1": "Wies",
    "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a2": "Wiesner blurted out \"No, that's no good\"",
    "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a3": "NASA announced the selection of Grumman as the LEM contractor in November 1962.",
    "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a4": "NASA announced the selection of Grumman as the LEM contractor in November 1962.",
    "5725c948ec44d21400f3d577": ".",
    "5725c948ec44d21400f3d578": ".",
    "5725c948ec44d21400f3d579": ".",
    "5725c948ec44d21400f3d57a": "be used as a \"lifeboat\" in the event of a failure of the command ship.",
    "5725ca35271a42140099d1c1": "Maxime",
    "5725ca35271a42140099d1c2": "The final",
    "5725ca35271a42140099d1c3": "ich would take two men to the lunar surface and return them to the CSM.",
    "5725cb4a89a1e219009abec8": "three astronauts from launch to lunar orbit and back to an Earth ocean landing.",
    "5725cb4a89a1e219009abec9": "The Command Module (CM)",
    "5725cb4a89a1e219009abeca": "Parachutes were carried to slow its descent to splashdown.",
    "5725cb4a89a1e219009abecb": "Parachutes were carried to slow its descent to splashdown.",
    "5725cb4a89a1e219009abecc": "12,250 pounds (5,560 kg).",
    "5725cc2038643c19005acd1b": ".",
    "5725cc2038643c19005acd1c": ".",
    "5725cc2038643c19005acd1d": "A high-",
    "5725cc2038643c19005acd1e": "(24,000 kg).",
    "5725cc2038643c19005acd1f": "an orbital scientific instrument package was carried.",
    "5725cda338643c19005acd3f": "North American Aviation won the contract to build the CSM",
    "5725cda338643c19005acd40": "was oversized to about twice the thrust required for translunar flight.",
    "5725cda338643c19005acd41": "learned in Block I development.",
    "5725cda338643c19005acd42": "the second stage of the Saturn V launch vehicle for NASA.",
    "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0a": "The Lunar Module (LM)",
    "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0b": "Not designed to fly through the Earth's atmosphere or",
    "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0d": "The initial LM model weighed approximately 33,300 pounds (15,100 kg),",
    "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0e": ".",
    "5725d01989a1e219009abf28": "Before the Apollo program began, Wernher von Braun and his team of rocket engineers",
    "5725d01989a1e219009abf29": "von Braun was transferred from the Army to NASA, and made Director of the Marshall Space Flight Center.",
    "5725d01989a1e219009abf2b": "decision to use lunar orbit rendezvous enabled the Saturn V to replace the Nova,",
    "5725d0e3271a42140099d235": "with only live first stages, carrying dummy upper stages filled with water.",
    "5725d0e3271a42140099d236": ".",
    "5725d0e3271a42140099d237": ".",
    "5725d0e3271a42140099d238": ".",
    "5725d2ef271a42140099d255": "The Saturn IB was an upgraded version of the Saturn I.",
    "5725d2ef271a42140099d256": "the second stage replaced the S-IV with the S-IVB-200",
    "5725d2ef271a42140099d257": "A restartable version of the S-IVB was used as the third stage of the Saturn V.",
    "5725d2ef271a42140099d258": "or the LM.",
    "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65b": "The three-stage Saturn V was designed to send a fully fueled CSM and LM to the Moon",
    "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65c": "It was 33 feet (10.1 m) in diameter and",
    "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65d": "The three-stage Saturn V was designed to send a fully fueled CSM and LM to the Moon",
    "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65e": "orbit.",
    "5725d51589a1e219009abf6e": "the Project Mercury and Gemini veterans, plus from two later astronaut groups.",
    "5725d51589a1e219009abf6f": "All missions were commanded by Gemini or Mercury veterans.",
    "5725d51589a1e219009abf70": "was the first NASA scientist astronaut to fly in space",
    "5725d51589a1e219009abf71": "landed on the Moon on the last mission, Apollo 17.",
    "5725d51589a1e219009abf72": "Apollo 17.",
    "5725d61038643c19005acdd3": "NASA",
    "5725d61038643c19005acdd4": ".",
    "5725d61038643c19005acdd5": "The medals were awarded posthumously to Grissom, White, and Chaffee in 1969,",
    "5725d61038643c19005acdd6": "e.",
    "5725d61038643c19005acdd7": "Eisele.",
    "5725d6cb38643c19005acde7": "LC-34 on suborbital flights in 1966 with the Saturn IB.",
    "5725d6cb38643c19005acde8": "The first, AS-201 launched on February 26",
    "5725d6cb38643c19005acde9": "downrange in the Pacific ocean.",
    "5725d6cb38643c19005acdea": "These flights validated the Service Module engine and the Command Module heat shield.",
    "5725d79e89a1e219009abf90": "After an unmanned LM test flight AS-206",
    "5725d79e89a1e219009abf91": "or AS-278 (each spacecraft would be launched on a separate Saturn IB.",
    "5725d79e89a1e219009abf92": "The traditional visor helmet",
    "5725d79e89a1e219009abf93": "The astronauts would begin wearing a new Apollo spacesuit",
    "5725d79e89a1e219009abf94": ".",
    "5725d8a3271a42140099d28f": "selected the first Apollo crew in January 1966,",
    "5725d8a3271a42140099d290": "Deke Slayton, the grounded Mercury astronaut",
    "5725d8a3271a42140099d291": "in January 1966",
    "5725d8a3271a42140099d292": "with Grissom as Command Pilot, White as Senior Pilot, and rookie Donn F. Eisele as Pilot.",
    "5725d8a3271a42140099d293": "But Eisele",
    "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69b": "In December 1966, the AS-205 mission was canceled, since the validation of the CSM w",
    "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69c": "McDivitt, Scott and Schwei",
    "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69d": "Its Saturn IB was",
    "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69e": "were reassigned as the Apollo 1 backup crew.",
    "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ab": ".",
    "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ac": "North American's problems and identify corrections.",
    "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ad": "not long after the first manned CSM flights.",
    "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ae": "North American's problems and identify corrections.",
    "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6bd": "and in the altitude chamber at the Kennedy Space Center.",
    "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6be": "Apollo 1 as a motivational focus on the first manned flight.",
    "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6bf": "with the spacecraft transferring from pad-supplied to internal power.",
    "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6c0": "eled.",
    "5725dc1638643c19005ace01": "The plugs-out test began on the morning of January 27, 1967,",
    "5725dc1638643c19005ace02": ".",
    "5725dc1638643c19005ace03": "First the crew noticed a strange odor in their spacesuits",
    "5725dc1638643c19005ace04": "The plugs-out test began on the morning of January 27",
    "5725dc1638643c19005ace05": "the hatch.",
    "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe2": "NASA im",
    "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe3": "gress.",
    "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe4": "replacing him with George Low.",
    "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe5": "NASA",
    "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ed": "cabin and space suit materials.",
    "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ee": "space suit materials.",
    "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ef": "door.",
    "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6f0": "not.",
    "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6f1": "Crew members would also exclusively wear modified,",
    "5725df1838643c19005ace15": ".",
    "5725df1838643c19005ace16": ".",
    "5725df1838643c19005ace17": "therefore letters were used instead of numbers.",
    "5725e08389a1e219009ac010": "was the first unmanned flight of the Saturn V,",
    "5725e08389a1e219009ac011": "ge",
    "5725e08389a1e219009ac012": ".",
    "5725e08389a1e219009ac013": "NASA declared the Saturn V ready to fly men, cancelling a third unmanned test",
    "5725e152271a42140099d2cd": "Apollo 5 (AS-204)",
    "5725e152271a42140099d2ce": "launched from pad 37",
    "5725e152271a42140099d2cf": "Although Grumman wanted a second unmanned test",
    "5725e152271a42140099d2d0": "The LM engines we",
    "5725e152271a42140099d2d1": "where it was lit simultaneously with jettison of the descent stage.",
    "5725e28f38643c19005ace23": "Apollo 8 was planned to be the D mission in December 1968,",
    "5725e28f38643c19005ace24": "The Soviet Union had sent animals around the Moon on",
    "5725e28f38643c19005ace25": "returning safely to Earth.",
    "5725e28f38643c19005ace26": "In the summer it had become clear that the LM would not be ready in time.",
    "5725e28f38643c19005ace27": "The Soviet Union had sent animals around the Moon on September 15, 1968, aboard Zond 5",
    "5725e36f89a1e219009ac038": "Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins and Buzz Aldrin.",
    "5725e36f89a1e219009ac039": "The G mission was achieved on Apollo 11",
    "5725e36f89a1e219009ac03a": "back to Earth",
    "5725e36f89a1e219009ac03b": "The G mission",
    "5725e36f89a1e219009ac03c": "The astronauts returned safely on July 24.",
    "5725e44238643c19005ace35": "Earth.",
    "5725e44238643c19005ace36": "which had landed in April 1967 on the Ocean of Storms.",
    "5725e44238643c19005ace37": "returned to Earth.",
    "5725e44238643c19005ace38": "but it was damaged when accidentally pointed into the Sun.",
    "5725e547ec44d21400f3d71f": "The",
    "5725e547ec44d21400f3d720": "driving the LRV.",
    "5725e547ec44d21400f3d721": "NASA publicized a preliminary list of eight more planned landing sites",
    "5725e547ec44d21400f3d722": "days.",
    "5725e547ec44d21400f3d723": "with plans to increase the mass of the CSM and LM for the last five missions",
    "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d729": "the crew to use the LM as a \"life boat\" to return to Earth.",
    "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72a": "be crewed with a single veteran as Commander, with two rookies.",
    "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72b": "Ap",
    "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72c": "for the remainder of 1970 while the oxygen tank was redesigned and an extra one was added.",
    "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72d": "Lovell, Jack Swigert, and Fred Haise in April 1970, headed for the Fra Mauro formation.",
    "5725e95f89a1e219009ac086": "Saturn V to launch the Skylab orbital laboratory pre-built on the ground",
    "5725e95f89a1e219009ac087": "NASA's yearly budget also began to shrink in light of the successful landing",
    "5725e95f89a1e219009ac088": "By 1971, the decision was made to also cancel missions 18 and 19.",
    "5725e95f89a1e219009ac089": "By 1971, the decision was made to also cancel missions 18 and 19.",
    "5725ea6889a1e219009ac09e": "The",
    "5725ea6889a1e219009ac09f": "The rocks collected from the Moon",
    "5725ea6889a1e219009ac0a0": "The rocks collected from the Moon",
    "5725ea6889a1e219009ac0a1": "A geochemical component called KREEP was discovered,",
    "5725eb8a38643c19005ace7f": "Almost all the rocks show evidence of impact process effects.",
    "5725eb8a38643c19005ace80": "Almost all the rocks show evidence of impact process effects.",
    "5725eb8a38643c19005ace81": ")",
    "5725ec7538643c19005ace8f": "NASA",
    "5725ec7538643c19005ace90": "the procurement of 15",
    "5725ec7538643c19005ace91": "The Space Review estimated in 2010 the",
    "5725ee6438643c19005aceb3": "The Apollo Extension Series",
    "5725ee6438643c19005aceb4": "an interplanetary spacecraft for a Venus fly-by mission.",
    "5725ee6438643c19005aceb5": ".",
    "5725ef6838643c19005acece": "in 1973 using the two lower stages of a Saturn V.",
    "5725ef6838643c19005acecf": "Dubbed Skylab",
    "5725ef6838643c19005aced0": "Skylab's last crew departed the station on February 8, 1974,",
    "5725ef6838643c19005aced1": ".",
    "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0be": "All",
    "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0bf": "All",
    "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0c0": "All",
    "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cc": "The crew of Apollo 8 sent",
    "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cd": "and read from the creation story in the Book of Genesis, on Christmas Eve, 1968.",
    "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0ce": "The crew of Apollo 8",
    "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cf": "nedy.",
    "5725f239271a42140099d35d": "The Moon landing data was recorded by a special Apollo TV camera wh",
    "5725f239271a42140099d35e": "era which recorded in a format incompatible with broadcast TV.",
    "5725f239271a42140099d35f": "During the following years, a magnetic tape shortage prompted NASA",
    "5725f239271a42140099d360": "be recorded over with newer satellite data.",
    "5725f239271a42140099d361": "be converted for the live television broadcast and stored on magnetic telemetry tapes.",
    "5725f39638643c19005acef7": ".",
    "5725f39638643c19005acef8": "The images",
    "5725f39638643c19005acef9": "The images were from tapes in Australia,",
    "5725f39638643c19005acefa": ".",
    "5725f39638643c19005acefb": "The restored video, remaining in black and white,",
    "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5c": "The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law",
    "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5d": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation,",
    "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5e": "The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union.",
    "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5f": "The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union.",
    "5725b7f389a1e219009abd60": ".",
    "5725c28a271a42140099d14d": "European Union law is a body of treaties and legislation,",
    "5725c28a271a42140099d14e": "which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states.",
    "5725c28a271a42140099d14f": "The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law",
    "5725c28a271a42140099d150": "The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union.",
    "57268b43dd62a815002e88f0": "The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law",
    "57268b43dd62a815002e88f1": "The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union.",
    "57268b43dd62a815002e88f2": "The",
    "57268b43dd62a815002e88f3": "The three sources of European Union law are primary law, secondary law and supplementary law",
    "5725bbec271a42140099d0d1": ".",
    "5725bbec271a42140099d0d2": "Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European",
    "5725bbec271a42140099d0d3": "under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.",
    "5725bbec271a42140099d0d4": "The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law.",
    "5725bbec271a42140099d0d5": ".",
    "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d503": "European Union law",
    "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d504": "under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.",
    "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d505": "The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law.",
    "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d506": ".",
    "57268bf9dd62a815002e890a": "is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union.",
    "57268bf9dd62a815002e890b": "European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states.",
    "57268bf9dd62a815002e890c": "The European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law.",
    "57268bf9dd62a815002e890d": ".",
    "5725c743ec44d21400f3d549": ".",
    "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54a": "The European Commission has the initiative to propose legislation.",
    "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54b": ".",
    "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54c": "The European Court of Justice is the supreme judicial body which interprets EU law",
    "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54d": "It appoints the Commissioners and the board of the European Central Bank.",
    "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb4": "The TEU establishes that European Union law applies to the metropolitan territories of the member states",
    "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb5": "la",
    "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb6": ".",
    "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb7": "Individuals may rely on primary law in the Court of Justice of the European Union if",
    "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb8": "Treaties apply as soon as they enter into for",
    "57268d2ddd62a815002e894e": "The primary law of the EU consists mainly of the founding treaties",
    "57268d2ddd62a815002e894f": ".",
    "57268d2ddd62a815002e8950": "Tr",
    "57268d2ddd62a815002e8951": "The Court of Justice of the European Union can interpret the Treaties, but",
    "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bb": "The principal Treaties that form the European Union began with common rules for coal and steel",
    "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bc": "The principal Treaties that form the European Union",
    "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bd": "The principal Treaties",
    "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5be": "in 1972 (though Norway did not end up joining),",
    "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bf": "Greenland signed a Treaty in 1985 giving it a special status.",
    "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b0": "The principal Treaties that form the European Union began",
    "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b1": "the Maastricht Treaty 1992 (now: TFEU)",
    "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b2": "Minor amendments were made during the 1960s and 1970s.",
    "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b3": "d, Denmark and Norway in 1972 (though Norway did not end up joining),",
    "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b4": "Greenland signed a Treaty in 1985 giving it a special status.",
    "57264865dd62a815002e8062": "there was an attempt to reform the constitutional law of the European Union and",
    "57264865dd62a815002e8063": "the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe never came into force.",
    "57264865dd62a815002e8064": "Instead, the Lisbon Treaty was enacted.",
    "57264865dd62a815002e8065": "Instead, the Lisbon Treaty was enacted.",
    "57264865dd62a815002e8066": "it did not completely replace them.",
    "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c4": "there was an attempt to reform the constitutional law of the European Union and",
    "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c5": "there was an attempt to reform the constitutional law of the European Union and",
    "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c6": "never came into force.",
    "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c7": ".",
    "57264a8cdd62a815002e808c": "The European Commission is the main executive body of the European Union.",
    "57264a8cdd62a815002e808d": "This",
    "57264a8cdd62a815002e808e": "The Commission's President (",
    "57264a8cdd62a815002e808f": "one Commissioner for each of the 28",
    "57264a8cdd62a815002e8090": "currently Federica Mogherini). The",
    "572691545951b619008f76e1": "ould be \"completely independent\" and not \"take instructions from any Government\".",
    "572691545951b619008f76e2": ".",
    "572691545951b619008f76e3": "al",
    "572691545951b619008f76e4": "Since Ireland refused to consent to changes in the Treaty of Lisbon 2007",
    "572691545951b619008f76e5": "is means Commissioners are, through the appointment process, the",
    "57264e455951b619008f6f65": "Commissioners have sometimes been found to have abused their offices",
    "57264e455951b619008f6f66": "law",
    "57264e455951b619008f6f67": "where few Commissioners had \u2018even the slightest sense of responsibility\u2019.",
    "57264e455951b619008f6f68": "It",
    "57264e455951b619008f6f69": "Beyond the Commission, the European Central Bank has relative executive autonomy in",
    "5726926a5951b619008f7709": "the Santer Commission was censured by Parliament in 1999,",
    "5726926a5951b619008f770a": "This resulted in one main case",
    "5726926a5951b619008f770b": ".",
    "5726926a5951b619008f770c": "This led to the creation of the European Anti-fraud Office.",
    "5726926a5951b619008f770d": "In",
    "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbee": "How",
    "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbef": "It can",
    "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf0": "elections, take place every five years",
    "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf1": "must be considered by the Commission with one million signatures.",
    "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf2": "How",
    "5726938af1498d1400e8e446": "While the Commission",
    "5726938af1498d1400e8e447": "have powers of amendment and veto during the legislative process.",
    "5726938af1498d1400e8e448": "1979, to having increasingly more rights in the legislative process.",
    "5726938af1498d1400e8e449": "elections, take place every five years",
    "5726938af1498d1400e8e44a": "the conservative European People's Party is currently the largest, and",
    "5726545f708984140094c2a5": "art",
    "5726545f708984140094c2a6": "It",
    "5726545f708984140094c2a7": "so smaller member states are not dominated by larger member states.",
    "5726545f708984140094c2a8": "In total",
    "5726545f708984140094c2a9": "but for most acts there must be a qualified majority vote, if not consensus.",
    "57269424dd62a815002e8a1e": "which is composed of different ministers of the member states.",
    "57269424dd62a815002e8a1f": "The Council",
    "57269424dd62a815002e8a20": "The minister must have the authority to represent and bin the member states in decisions.",
    "57269424dd62a815002e8a21": "In total there are 352 votes",
    "572656e4dd62a815002e81fa": "where the Parliament must vote by a majority of all MEPs (",
    "572656e4dd62a815002e81fb": "gets",
    "572656e4dd62a815002e81fc": "it is harder to change EU law than stay the same.",
    "572656e4dd62a815002e81fd": "articles 4 and 5 state that powers remain with the member states un",
    "572656e4dd62a815002e81fe": "while within the EU, the Court of Justice believes it has the final say.",
    "572695285951b619008f774b": "To make new legislation",
    "572695285951b619008f774c": "To make new legislation,",
    "572695285951b619008f774d": "rove by absolute and qualified majority.",
    "572695285951b619008f774e": "Where the different institutions cannot agree at any stage,",
    "572658435951b619008f7025": "The judicial branch of the EU has played an important role in the development of EU law",
    "572658435951b619008f7026": "Today the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)",
    "572658435951b619008f7027": "A president is elected by the judges for three years.",
    "572658435951b619008f7028": "but",
    "572658435951b619008f7029": "The",
    "5726965ef1498d1400e8e484": "The judicial branch of the EU has played an important role in the development of EU law",
    "5726965ef1498d1400e8e485": "Today the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)",
    "5726965ef1498d1400e8e486": ".",
    "5726965ef1498d1400e8e487": "A president is elected by the judges for three years.",
    "5726965ef1498d1400e8e488": "The",
    "57265e455951b619008f70bb": "\"accordance with the principle of the precedence of Community la",
    "57265e455951b619008f70bc": ".",
    "57265e455951b619008f70bd": "and 1968. In",
    "5726975c708984140094cb1f": ".",
    "5726975c708984140094cb20": ".",
    "5726975c708984140094cb21": "in no way prevented energy nationalisation, and",
    "572699db5951b619008f7799": "while all member states recognise that EU law takes primacy over national law",
    "572699db5951b619008f779a": ".",
    "572699db5951b619008f779b": "when it enacted the European Communities Act 1972. The",
    "572699db5951b619008f779d": "is",
    "572699db5951b619008f779c": "then it cannot override German law. How",
    "57269aa65951b619008f77ab": "Wh",
    "57269aa65951b619008f77ac": "However, under Directives, citizens or corporations were said in 1986 to not be allow",
    "57269aa65951b619008f77ad": "All actions by EU institutions can be subject to judicial review,",
    "57269aa65951b619008f77ae": "While constitutional law concerns the European Union's governance structure",
    "57269bb8708984140094cb95": "In Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen",
    "57269bb8708984140094cb96": "Bec",
    "57269bb8708984140094cb97": "Van Gend en Loos could recover the money it paid for the tariff.",
    "57269bb8708984140094cb98": "U Regulations are the same as Treaty provisions in this sense",
    "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b12": "Directives do",
    "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b13": "the",
    "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b14": "but most member states require more than 28 days in national law.",
    "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b15": ".",
    "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e516": "First, if a Directive's deadline for implementation is not met,",
    "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e517": "First, if a Directive's deadline for implementation is not met,",
    "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e518": "for Swedex GmbH & Co KG before her dismissal.",
    "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e519": "the Court of Justice hel",
    "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e51a": "retire at age 60 and men at 65",
    "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e534": ".",
    "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e535": "that required incorporations would only be nullified for a fixed list of reasons.",
    "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e536": "the",
    "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e537": ".",
    "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e550": "The principles of European Union law are rules of law",
    "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e551": "The principles of European Union law are rules of law",
    "5726a09f708984140094cc39": "Proportionality is recognised one of the general principles of European Union law",
    "5726a09f708984140094cc3a": "The principle of proportionality is also recognised in Article 5 of the EC Treaty",
    "5726a09f708984140094cc3b": "When there is a choice between several appropriate measures the",
    "5726a14c708984140094cc51": "the 1960s.",
    "5726a14c708984140094cc52": "which predates European Union law.",
    "5726a14c708984140094cc53": ".",
    "5726a14c708984140094cc54": "w",
    "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b86": "As such the European Court of Justice is",
    "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b87": "fundamental rights recognised and protected in the constitutions of member states.",
    "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9e": "None",
    "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9f": "At the time the only concern was that member states sh",
    "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba0": "At",
    "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba1": "At the time the only concern was that member states sh",
    "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba2": "In",
    "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59e": "The 2007 Lisbon Treaty explicitly recognised fundamental rights by providing",
    "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59f": "In",
    "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a0": "after the Lisbon Treaty, the Charter and the Convention now co-exist under European Union law",
    "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a1": "which shall have the same legal value as the Treaties.",
    "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5ae": ".",
    "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5af": "The Social Chapter",
    "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b0": ".",
    "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b1": "The Social Charter declares 30 general",
    "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b2": "The Social Charter became the basis for European Community legislation on these issues in 40 pi",
    "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd0": "The Social Charter was subsequently adopted in 1989 by 11 of the then 12 member states.",
    "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd1": "The UK refused to sign the Social Charter",
    "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd2": "despite not actually being a chapter of the Maastricht Treaty.",
    "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd3": "chapter of the Maastricht Treaty.",
    "5726a5525951b619008f78dd": "the UK formally subscribed to the Agreement on Social Policy",
    "5726a5525951b619008f78de": "the UK formally subscribed to the Agreement on Social Policy",
    "5726a5525951b619008f78df": "ive.",
    "5726a5525951b619008f78e0": "the 1996 Parental Leave Directive.",
    "5726a5525951b619008f78e1": "ich required workforce consultation in businesses, and the 1996 Parental Leave Directive.",
    "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf6": "France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Germany in",
    "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf7": ".",
    "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf8": ".",
    "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf9": "Art",
    "5726a638dd62a815002e8bfa": "In 1957 competition rules were included in the Treaty of Rome,",
    "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e654": "Today, the Treaty of Lisbon prohibits anti-competitive agreements in Article 101",
    "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e655": ".",
    "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e656": "Articles 106 and 107 provide that member state's right to deliver public services may",
    "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e657": "Art",
    "5726b58f5951b619008f7b55": "Wh",
    "5726b58f5951b619008f7b56": "free movement and trade were central to European development since the Treaty of Rome 1957.",
    "5726b58f5951b619008f7b57": "consumer prices.",
    "5726b58f5951b619008f7b58": "The Treaties limit",
    "5726b58f5951b619008f7b59": "Increasingly the Court of Justice",
    "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbe": "the free movement of goods had to be balanced, and was probably subordinate.",
    "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbf": "34.",
    "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc0": "article 34.",
    "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc1": ".",
    "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc2": "that Austria did not infringe article 34 by failing to ban a protest that",
    "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e8": "minimum alcohol content of 25",
    "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e9": "France, only had 15 to 20 per cent alcohol.",
    "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ea": "In a 2003 case",
    "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8eb": "All Italian chocolate was made from cocoa butter alone,",
    "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ec": "They claimed the law infringed article 34.",
    "5726ba2c708984140094cf59": "which prevented them selling Picon beer under wholesale price, was unlawful.",
    "5726ba2c708984140094cf5a": "The aim of the law was to prevent cut throat competition, not to hinder trade.",
    "5726ba2c708984140094cf5b": "In",
    "5726ba2c708984140094cf5c": "Un",
    "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e74": "people to pursue their life goals in any country through free movement.",
    "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e75": ".",
    "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e76": "Free movement was increasingly based on \"citizenship\",",
    "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e77": "ile he volunteered plumbing and",
    "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e78": "The",
    "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea6": "the main provisions on equal treatment of workers.",
    "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea7": "wh",
    "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea8": "In",
    "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea9": "In Hendrix v Employee Insurance Institute the Court of Justice",
    "5726bc1add62a815002e8eaa": "Land Nordrhein-Westfalen the Court of Justice hel",
    "5726bcde708984140094cfbf": "Citizenship of the EU",
    "5726bcde708984140094cfc0": "the number of social services that people can access wherever they move.",
    "5726bcde708984140094cfc1": "In Commission v Austria the Court held that Austria was not entitled to restrict places in",
    "5726bcde708984140094cfc2": ".",
    "5726c002708984140094d073": "the Treaty",
    "5726c002708984140094d074": "However",
    "5726c002708984140094d075": "he lacked Belgian nationality was unjustified.",
    "5726c002708984140094d076": "but",
    "5726c002708984140094d077": "The",
    "5726c19add62a815002e8f8a": "In 2006",
    "5726c19add62a815002e8f8b": "With countries such as Spain not even having a crime against shipping to",
    "5726c19add62a815002e8f8c": "However",
    "5726c19add62a815002e8f8d": "The",
    "5726c3da708984140094d0d9": ".",
    "5726c3da708984140094d0da": "was told he could not continue bec",
    "5726c3da708984140094d0db": "The",
    "5726c3da708984140094d0dc": ".",
    "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac4": ".",
    "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac5": "UK",
    "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac6": ".",
    "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac7": "Alt",
    "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac8": "Dutch building company the right to enforce a contract in Germany on",
    "5725b81b271a42140099d097": ".",
    "5725b81b271a42140099d098": "This basin encompasses 7,000,000 square kilometres (2,700,000 sq mi)",
    "5725b81b271a42140099d099": "This region includes territory belonging to nine nations.",
    "5725b81b271a42140099d09a": "States or departments in four nations contain \"Amazonas\" in their names.",
    "5725b81b271a42140099d09b": "The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforests",
    "5728349dff5b5019007d9efe": "Dutch: Amazoneregenwoud",
    "5728349dff5b5019007d9eff": ".",
    "5728349dff5b5019007d9f00": "The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforests",
    "5728349dff5b5019007d9f01": ".",
    "5728349dff5b5019007d9f02": "390 billion individual trees divided into 16,000 species.",
    "5729e2316aef0514001550c4": ".",
    "5729e2316aef0514001550c5": "This basin encompasses 7,000,000 square kilometres (2,700,000 sq mi),",
    "5729e2316aef0514001550c6": ".",
    "5729e2316aef0514001550c7": "The majority of the forest is contained within Brazi",
    "5729e2316aef0514001550c8": "with an estimated 390 billion individual trees divided into 16,000 species.",
    "5725be0f271a42140099d117": ".",
    "5725be0f271a42140099d118": ".",
    "5725be0f271a42140099d119": "During the Oligocene, for example, the rainforest spanned a relatively narrow band.",
    "5725be0f271a42140099d11a": "then retracted to a mostly inland formation at the last glacial maximum.",
    "5725be0f271a42140099d11b": "However, the rainforest still managed to thrive during these glacial periods,",
    "57283adcff5b5019007d9f94": "may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent.",
    "57283adcff5b5019007d9f95": "From 66\u201334 Mya, the rainforest extended as far south as 45\u00b0.",
    "57283adcff5b5019007d9f96": ".",
    "57283adcff5b5019007d9f97": "During the Oligocene, for example, the rainforest spanned a relatively narrow band.",
    "57283adcff5b5019007d9f98": "It expanded again during the Middle Miocene",
    "5729e500af94a219006aa6b5": "have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent.",
    "5729e500af94a219006aa6b6": "From 66\u201334 Mya, the rainforest extended as far south as 45\u00b0.",
    "5729e500af94a219006aa6b7": "During the Oligocene, for example, the rainforest spanned a relatively narrow band.",
    "5729e500af94a219006aa6b8": ".",
    "5729e500af94a219006aa6b9": "owed savanna regions to expand into the tropics.",
    "5725c071271a42140099d127": "the drainage basin of the Amazon was split along the middle of the continent by the Purus Arch.",
    "5725c071271a42140099d128": "while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin.",
    "5725c071271a42140099d129": "a large basin was created that enclosed a lake;",
    "5725c071271a42140099d12a": "With",
    "5725c071271a42140099d12b": "During the mid-",
    "57283d173acd2414000df78f": ".",
    "57283d173acd2414000df790": "while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin.",
    "57283d173acd2414000df791": "while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin.",
    "57283d173acd2414000df792": "while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin.",
    "57283d173acd2414000df793": "As the Andes Mountains ro",
    "5729e6313f37b319004785a9": "along the middle of the continent by the Purus Arch.",
    "5729e6313f37b319004785aa": "the drainage basin of the Amazon was split along the middle of the continent by the Purus Arch.",
    "5729e6313f37b319004785ab": "while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin.",
    "5729e6313f37b319004785ac": "while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin.",
    "5729e6313f37b319004785ad": "was created that enclosed a lake; now known as the Solim\u00f5es Basin.",
    "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50b": ".",
    "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50c": "Anal",
    "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50d": "Som",
    "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50e": "This debate has proved difficult to resol",
    "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50f": "reasonably well supported by the available data.",
    "572841772ca10214002da1a6": "through the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation.",
    "572841772ca10214002da1a7": "There is evidence that there have been significant changes in Amazon rainforest",
    "572841772ca10214002da1a8": "data.",
    "572841772ca10214002da1a9": ".",
    "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa779": ".",
    "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77a": "Analyses of sediment deposits from Amazon basin paleolakes and",
    "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77b": ".",
    "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77c": "There is debate, however, over how extensive this reduction was.",
    "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77d": "This debate",
    "5725c63438643c19005acc9f": "NASA's CALIPSO",
    "5725c63438643c19005acca0": "an average 182 million tons of dust are windblown out of the Sahara each year",
    "5725c63438643c19005acca1": "across 1,600 miles (2,600 km) over the Atlantic Ocean",
    "5725c63438643c19005acca2": "some dust falls into the Atlantic)",
    "5725c63438643c19005acca3": "132 million tons of dust remain in the air",
    "5728455bff5b5019007da078": "NASA's CALIPSO",
    "5728455bff5b5019007da079": "an average 182 million tons of dust are windblown out of the Sahara each year,",
    "5728455bff5b5019007da07a": "of dust fall over the Amazon basin",
    "5728455bff5b5019007da07b": "132 million tons of dust remain in the air",
    "5728455bff5b5019007da07c": "longitude.",
    "5729ea263f37b319004785bd": "NASA's CALIPSO",
    "5729ea263f37b319004785be": "NASA's CALIPSO",
    "5729ea263f37b319004785bf": "an average 182 million tons of dust are windblown out of the Sahara each year,",
    "5729ea263f37b319004785c0": "across 1,600 miles (2,600 km)",
    "5729ea263f37b319004785c1": "27.7 million tons (15%) of dust fall over the Amazon basin",
    "5725c95f38643c19005accf3": ".",
    "5725c95f38643c19005accf4": "She claimed that a population density of 0.2 inhabitants per square kilometre",
    "5725c95f38643c19005accf5": "needed to host a larger population.",
    "5725c95f38643c19005accf6": "findings have suggested that the region was actually densely populated.",
    "5725c95f38643c19005accf7": "Some 5 million people may have lived in the Amazon region in AD 1500,",
    "572847dd4b864d19001648bc": "needed to host a larger population.",
    "572847dd4b864d19001648bd": "needed to host a larger population.",
    "572847dd4b864d19001648be": "She claimed that a population density of 0.2 inhabitants",
    "572847dd4b864d19001648bf": "as described in her book Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise.",
    "5729eb34af94a219006aa6c9": "it was impossible to sustain a large population through agriculture given the poor soil.",
    "5729eb34af94a219006aa6ca": "For a long time, it was thought that the Amazon rainforest",
    "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cb": "She",
    "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cc": "Some 5 million people may have lived in the Amazon region in AD 1500",
    "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cd": "and by the early 1980s it was less than 200,000.",
    "5725cbb289a1e219009abed2": "The first European to travel the length of the Amazon River was Francisco de Orellana in 1542.",
    "5725cbb289a1e219009abed3": "his observations that a complex civilization was flourishing along the Amazon in the 1540s.",
    "5725cbb289a1e219009abed4": "was later devastated by the spread of diseases from Europe, such as smallpox.",
    "5725cbb289a1e219009abed5": "Since the 1970s",
    "5725cbb289a1e219009abed6": "Acre.",
    "5729edd56aef051400155112": "Francisco de Orellana in 1542.",
    "5729edd56aef051400155113": "Francisco de Orellana in 1542.",
    "5729edd56aef051400155114": "Since the 1970s",
    "5729edd56aef051400155115": "Ondemar Dias is accredited with first discovering the geoglyphs in 1977 and",
    "5729edd56aef051400155116": "through practices such as forest gardening and terra preta.",
    "5725cf3238643c19005acd61": "which is distributed over large areas in the Amazon forest,",
    "5725cf3238643c19005acd62": "which is distributed over large areas in the Amazon forest",
    "5725cf3238643c19005acd63": "The",
    "5725cf3238643c19005acd64": "In the region of the Xingu tribe, remains of some of these large settlements",
    "5725cf3238643c19005acd65": ".",
    "5729ef266aef05140015511c": "Terra preta (black earth), which is distributed over large areas in the Amazon forest",
    "5729ef266aef05140015511d": ".",
    "5729ef266aef05140015511e": "In the region of the Xingu tribe, remains of some of these large settlements in",
    "5729ef266aef05140015511f": "Terra preta (black earth), which is distributed over large areas in the Amazon forest",
    "5729ef266aef051400155120": "by Michael Heckenberger and colleagues of the University of Florida.",
    "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61b": "The region is home to",
    "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61c": "One in five of all the bird species in the world live in the rainforest",
    "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61d": "One in five of all the bird species in the world live in the rainforests",
    "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61e": "one in five of the fish species live in Amazonian rivers and streams.",
    "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61f": "invertebrate species in Brazil alone.",
    "5729f0db6aef051400155126": "The region is home to about 2.5 million insect species",
    "5729f0db6aef051400155127": "One in five of all the bird species in the world live in the rainforests of the Amazon",
    "5729f0db6aef051400155128": ".",
    "5729f0db6aef051400155129": "378 reptiles have been scientifically classified in the region.",
    "5729f0db6aef05140015512a": "One in five of all the bird species in the world live in the rainforests of the Amazon",
    "5726722bdd62a815002e8528": "supports more than 1,100 tree species.",
    "5726722bdd62a815002e8529": "The biodiversity of plant species is",
    "5726722bdd62a815002e852a": "plants.",
    "5726722bdd62a815002e852b": "The average plant biomass is estimated at 356 \u00b1 47 tonnes per hectare.",
    "5726722bdd62a815002e852c": "To date, an estimated 438,000 species of plants of economic and social interest",
    "5729f2646aef051400155130": ".",
    "5729f2646aef051400155131": "of Ecuadorian rainforest supports more than 1,100 tree species.",
    "5729f2646aef051400155132": ".",
    "5729f2646aef051400155133": "The average plant biomass is estimated at 356 \u00b1 47 tonnes per hectare.",
    "5729f2646aef051400155134": "have been registered in the region with many more remaining to be discovered or catalogued.",
    "5729f3831d0469140077967b": "In the river, electric eels can produce an electric shock that can stun or kill",
    "5729f3831d0469140077967c": "Among",
    "5729f3831d0469140077967d": "while piranha are known to bite and injure humans.",
    "5729f3831d0469140077967e": "while piranha are known to bite and injure humans.",
    "5729f3831d0469140077967f": "Vampire bats dwell in the rainforest and can spread the rabies virus.",
    "5729fd56af94a219006aa72f": "Prior",
    "5729fd56af94a219006aa730": "Deforestation is the conversion of forested areas to non-forested areas.",
    "5729fd56af94a219006aa731": "Prior",
    "5729fd56af94a219006aa732": "However",
    "5729fd56af94a219006aa733": "Deforestation is",
    "5729feaf6aef051400155188": "Between 1991 and 2000",
    "5729feaf6aef051400155189": ".",
    "5729feaf6aef05140015518a": "Seventy percent of formerly forested land in the Amazon,",
    "5729feaf6aef05140015518b": "Currently, Brazil is the second-largest global producer of soybeans after the United States.",
    "5729feaf6aef05140015518c": "1970, is used for livestock pasture.",
    "572a005f1d046914007796b7": ".",
    "572a005f1d046914007796b8": ".",
    "572a005f1d046914007796b9": ".",
    "572a005f1d046914007796bb": ".",
    "572a005f1d046914007796ba": "The mean annual deforestation rate from 2000 to 2005 (",
    "572a020f6aef051400155198": "which could accelerate global warming.",
    "572a020f6aef051400155199": "Environmentalists are concerned about",
    "572a020f6aef05140015519a": "which could accelerate global warming.",
    "572a020f6aef05140015519b": ".",
    "572a020f6aef05140015519c": ".",
    "572a03a06aef0514001551aa": "the Amazon rainforest could become unsustainable under conditions of",
    "572a03a06aef0514001551ab": "0.",
    "572a03a06aef0514001551ac": "2100.",
    "572a03a06aef0514001551ad": ".",
    "572a03a06aef0514001551ae": ".",
    "572a064a3f37b3190047865d": "As indigenous territories",
    "572a064a3f37b3190047865e": "ts.",
    "572a064a3f37b3190047865f": ".",
    "572a064a3f37b31900478660": ".",
    "572a064a3f37b31900478661": ".",
    "572a07c11d046914007796d5": ".",
    "572a07c11d046914007796d6": "Using handheld GPS devices and programs like Google Earth,",
    "572a07c11d046914007796d7": "Using handheld GPS devices and programs like Google Earth,",
    "572a07c11d046914007796d8": "Using handheld GPS devices and programs like Google Earth,",
    "572a07c11d046914007796d9": ".",
    "572a09abaf94a219006aa75b": "stages within different parts of the forest is crucial.",
    "572a09abaf94a219006aa75c": "To accurately map the Amazon's biomass and subsequent carbon related emissions",
    "572a09abaf94a219006aa75d": "In 2006 Tatiana Kuplich",
    "572a09abaf94a219006aa75e": "the different portions of the Amazon into one of the four classifications.",
    "572a09abaf94a219006aa75f": "s.",
    "572a0b101d046914007796e9": "In 2005, parts of the Amazon basin experienced the worst drought in one hundred years",
    "572a0b101d046914007796eb": "It",
    "572a0b101d046914007796ec": "are pushing the rainforest towards a \"tipping point\" wh",
    "572a0b101d046914007796ed": "It",
    "572a0b101d046914007796ea": "showing that the forest in its present form could survive only three years of drought.",
    "572a0bebaf94a219006aa76f": "in some ways more extreme than the 2005 drought.",
    "572a0bebaf94a219006aa770": "2005.",
    "572a0bebaf94a219006aa771": "The 2010 drought had three epicenters where vegetation died off",
    "572a0bebaf94a219006aa772": "In 2010",
    "572a0bebaf94a219006aa773": "In a typical year the Amazon absorbs 1.5 gigatons of carbon dioxide;",
    "5725b9db38643c19005acbe1": "commonly known as comb jellies",
    "5725b9db38643c19005acbe2": "that live in marine waters worldwide.",
    "5725b9db38643c19005acbe3": ".",
    "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf2": "is a phylum of animals that live in marine waters worldwide.",
    "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf3": "they use for swimming \u2013 they are the largest animals that swim by means of cilia.",
    "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf4": "the body cavity for both digestion and respiration.",
    "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf5": "through the body cavity for both digestion and respiration.",
    "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf6": "Their most distinctive feature is the \u2018combs\u2019 \u2013 groups of cilia wh",
    "57263eaa38643c19005ad371": "commonly known as comb jellies",
    "57263eaa38643c19005ad372": "is a phylum of animals that live in marine waters worldwide.",
    "57263eaa38643c19005ad373": "rely on water flow through the body cavity for both digestion and respiration.",
    "57263eaa38643c19005ad374": "yla.",
    "57263eaa38643c19005ad375": "that live in marine waters worldwide.",
    "5725bae289a1e219009abd90": "In favorable circumstances, ctenophores can eat ten times their own weight in a day.",
    "5725bae289a1e219009abd91": "On",
    "5725bae289a1e219009abd92": "Only 100\u2013150 species have been validated, and possibly another 25",
    "5725c337271a42140099d163": "Only 100\u2013150 species have been validated, and",
    "5725c337271a42140099d164": "that are covered with colloblasts, sticky cells that capture prey.",
    "5725c337271a42140099d165": "In favorable circumstances, ctenophores can eat ten times their own weight in a day.",
    "5725c337271a42140099d166": "the coastal beroids",
    "5725c337271a42140099d167": "eth.",
    "5726400589a1e219009ac5ee": "In favorable circumstances, ctenophores can eat ten times their own weight in a day.",
    "5726400589a1e219009ac5ef": ".",
    "5726400589a1e219009ac5f0": "teeth.",
    "5726400589a1e219009ac5f1": "capture prey.",
    "5726400589a1e219009ac5f2": "These variations enable different species to build huge populations in the same area",
    "5725bc0338643c19005acc11": "st species are",
    "5725bc0338643c19005acc12": "The young are general",
    "5725bc0338643c19005acc13": "before reaching the adult size and shape.",
    "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5e": "which can produce both eggs and sperm at the same time.",
    "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5f": "which can produce both eggs and sperm at the same time. Ot",
    "5725c57a89a1e219009abe60": "Fer",
    "5725c57a89a1e219009abe61": "Fertil",
    "5725c57a89a1e219009abe62": "The combination of hermaphroditism and early reproduction enables small populations",
    "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd1": "Some are simultaneous hermaphrodites",
    "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd2": "Some are",
    "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd3": "her",
    "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd4": "Fertil",
    "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd5": "The exceptions are the beroids, whose young are miniature beroids with large mouths",
    "5725bdbe38643c19005acc39": "ctenophore, Mnemiopsis, has accidentally been introduced into the Black Sea",
    "5725bdbe38643c19005acc3a": "One ctenophore, Mnemiopsis, has acciden",
    "5725bdbe38643c19005acc3b": "that promoted the growth of the Mnemiopsis population.",
    "5725c69738643c19005accb9": "the fish.",
    "5725c69738643c19005accba": "wh",
    "5725c69738643c19005accbb": ".",
    "5725c69738643c19005accbc": "s that would otherwise have fed the fish.",
    "5726431d271a42140099d7f5": "the fish.",
    "5726431d271a42140099d7f6": "which are a vital part of marine food chains.",
    "5726431d271a42140099d7f7": "One ctenophore, Mnemiopsis, has accidentally been introduced into the Black Se",
    "5726431d271a42140099d7f8": "where it is",
    "5726431d271a42140099d7f9": "where it",
    "5725c91e38643c19005acceb": "the Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene extinction event 66 million years ago.",
    "5725c91e38643c19005accec": "Evidence accumulating since the 1980s indicates that the \"cydippid",
    "5725c91e38643c19005acced": "Despite their soft, gelatinous bodies, fossils thought",
    "5725c91e38643c19005accee": "have been found in lagerst\u00e4tten as far back as the early Cambrian,",
    "5726449f1125e71900ae1928": "ctenophores,",
    "5726449f1125e71900ae1929": "the Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene extinction event 66 million years ago.",
    "5726449f1125e71900ae192a": "various cydippids.",
    "5726449f1125e71900ae192b": "have been found in lagerst\u00e4tten as far back as the early Cambrian,",
    "5725cb33271a42140099d1db": "jellyfish, sea anemones, etc.)",
    "5725cb33271a42140099d1dc": ".",
    "5725cb33271a42140099d1dd": "bilaterians (which include almost all other animals)",
    "5725cb33271a42140099d1de": "Ctenophores form an animal phylum",
    "5725cb33271a42140099d1df": "m.",
    "572646655951b619008f6ebf": "jellyfish, sea anemones, etc.)",
    "572646655951b619008f6ec0": "hough a few ctenophore species lack them.",
    "572646655951b619008f6ec1": "them.",
    "572646655951b619008f6ec2": "Ctenophores are",
    "572646655951b619008f6ec3": "bilaterians (which include almost all other animals)",
    "572647d0708984140094c14b": "which is called the mesoglea in cnidarians and ctenophores;",
    "572647d0708984140094c14c": "ctenophores and cnidarians have traditionally been labelled diploblastic",
    "572647d0708984140094c14d": "which is called the mesoglea in cnidarians and ctenophores;",
    "572647d0708984140094c14e": "Hence ctenophores and cnidarians have traditionally been labelled diploblastic,",
    "572648e8dd62a815002e8076": "ctenophores are",
    "572648e8dd62a815002e8077": "that use cilia (\"hairs\") as their main method of locomotion.",
    "572648e8dd62a815002e8078": "called \"ctenes,",
    "572648e8dd62a815002e8079": "and the Greek suffix -\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 meaning \"carrying\".",
    "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db40": "ctenophores on the cydippid Pleurobrachia.",
    "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db41": "tact for study.",
    "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db42": "Coastal species need to be tough enough to withstand waves and swirling sediment parti",
    "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db43": "have a wide range of body plans.",
    "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a0": "The inner surface of the cavity is lined with an epithelium, the gastrodermis.",
    "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a1": "that produce bioluminescence.",
    "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a2": "a mouth that can usually be closed by muscles; a pharynx (\"throat\");",
    "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a3": "a mouth that can usually be closed by muscles;",
    "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a4": "to the most active parts of the animal: the mouth and pharynx",
    "57264cfa708984140094c1c3": "which are used for swimming.",
    "57264cfa708984140094c1c4": "The",
    "57264cfa708984140094c1c5": "where the extra compact filament is suspected to have a supporting function.",
    "57264cfa708984140094c1c6": "Hence ctenophores us",
    "57264cfa708984140094c1c7": "in).",
    "57264e66dd62a815002e811a": "It is uncertain how ctenophores control their buoyancy,",
    "57264e66dd62a815002e811b": "ciliary rosettes in the body cavity",
    "57264e66dd62a815002e811c": ".",
    "57264e66dd62a815002e811d": ".",
    "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5e": "The largest single sensory feature is the aboral organ (at the opposite end from the mouth).",
    "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5f": "The largest single sensory feature is the aboral organ (at the opposite end from the mouth).",
    "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc60": "The statocyst is protected by a transparent dome made of long, immobile cilia.",
    "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc61": "The largest single sensory feature is the aboral organ (at the opposite end from the mouth).",
    "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc62": "Its main component is a statocyst,",
    "57265746dd62a815002e8218": "the common coastal \"sea gooseberry,\" Pleurobrachia,",
    "57265746dd62a815002e8219": "Fro",
    "57265746dd62a815002e821a": ".",
    "57265746dd62a815002e821b": ".",
    "57265746dd62a815002e821c": ".",
    "572658daf1498d1400e8dcac": ".",
    "572658daf1498d1400e8dcad": "Colloblasts are specialized mushroom-shaped cells",
    "572658daf1498d1400e8dcae": "The",
    "572658daf1498d1400e8dcaf": "up",
    "572658daf1498d1400e8dcb0": "Euplokamis' tentilla have",
    "572659ea5951b619008f7051": "There are eight rows of combs",
    "572659ea5951b619008f7052": "There are eight rows of combs",
    "572659ea5951b619008f7053": "are spaced evenly round the body.",
    "572659ea5951b619008f7054": "From each balancer in the statocyst a ciliary groove runs out",
    "57265aaf5951b619008f706b": "The Lobata have a pair of lobes",
    "57265aaf5951b619008f706c": "Between the lobes on either side of the mouth, many species of lobates",
    "57265aaf5951b619008f706d": "Between the lobes on either side of the mouth, many species of lobates have f",
    "57265aaf5951b619008f706e": "mouth.",
    "57265aaf5951b619008f706f": "lobates to feed continuously on suspended planktonic prey.",
    "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd36": "Bathocyroe and Ocyropsis can escape from danger by clapping their lobes,",
    "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd37": "Bathocyroe and Ocyropsis can escape from danger by clapping their lobes,",
    "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd38": ".",
    "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd39": "Unlike cydippids",
    "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd50": "The Beroida",
    "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd51": ".",
    "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd52": "that",
    "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd53": ".",
    "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd54": ".",
    "57265e97708984140094c3c3": "The Cestida (\"belt animals\")",
    "57265e97708984140094c3c6": "Ces",
    "57265e97708984140094c3c4": "The Cestida (\"belt animals\")",
    "57265e97708984140094c3c5": ".",
    "57265e97708984140094c3c7": "can move much faster in what has been described as a \"darting motion\".",
    "572681c1dd62a815002e8796": "st",
    "572681c1dd62a815002e8797": "They cling to and creep on surfaces by everting the pharynx and",
    "572681c1dd62a815002e8798": "All but",
    "572681c1dd62a815002e8799": "st Platyctenida have",
    "572683075951b619008f7513": "eggs and sperm are released via pores in the epidermis.",
    "572683075951b619008f7514": ".",
    "572683075951b619008f7515": "Self-fertilization",
    "572683075951b619008f7516": ".",
    "572683075951b619008f7517": "Fertilization",
    "572684365951b619008f753f": "the juveniles, like the adults, lack tentacles and tentacle sheaths.",
    "572684365951b619008f7540": "the juveniles behave more like true larvae",
    "572684365951b619008f7541": "In most species the juveniles gradually develop the body forms of their parents.",
    "572684365951b619008f7542": "In some groups, such as the flat, bottom-dwelling platyctenids",
    "572684365951b619008f7543": "the juveniles, like the adults, lack tentacles and tentacle sheaths.",
    "572686fc708984140094c8e5": "When some species, including",
    "572686fc708984140094c8e6": "When",
    "572686fc708984140094c8e7": ".",
    "572686fc708984140094c8e8": ".",
    "5726887e708984140094c917": "there are no vegetarians and only one genus that is partly parasitic.",
    "5726887e708984140094c918": "Ha",
    "5726887e708984140094c919": "Members of the genus Haeckelia prey",
    "5726887e708984140094c91a": "while Bol",
    "5726887e708984140094c91b": "The",
    "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33c": ".",
    "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33d": "It is also often difficult to identify the remains of ctenophores",
    "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33e": "Beroids prey mainly on other ctenophores.",
    "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33f": "during blooms in the Red Sea.",
    "57268a37f1498d1400e8e340": "Some jellyfish and turtles eat large quantities of ctenophores",
    "57268c01dd62a815002e8912": "the ballast tanks of ships, and",
    "57268c01dd62a815002e8913": "On the other hand, in the late 1980s the Western Atlantic c",
    "57268c01dd62a815002e8915": "M",
    "57268c01dd62a815002e8914": "On the other hand, in the late 1980s the Western Atlantic c",
    "57268c01dd62a815002e8916": "ich significantly slowed the animal's metabolism.",
    "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39c": "Because of their soft, gelatinous bodies, ctenophores",
    "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39d": "The Ediacaran Eoandromeda could putatively represent a comb jelly.",
    "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39e": "about 505 million years ago in the mid-Cambrian period.",
    "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39f": "Three additional putative species were then found in the Burgess Shale",
    "57268da7f1498d1400e8e3a0": "Three additional putative species were then found in the Burgess Shale",
    "57268f05dd62a815002e8990": "China's Chengjiang lagerst\u00e4tte",
    "57268f05dd62a815002e8991": "what they considered rows of cilia, used for filter feeding.",
    "57268f05dd62a815002e8992": "They suggested that Stromatoveris was an evolutionary \"aunt\" of ctenophores",
    "57268f05dd62a815002e8993": "is very similar to Vendobionta of the preceding Ediacaran period.",
    "57268f05dd62a815002e8994": "Vendobionta of the preceding Ediacaran period.",
    "57269016708984140094ca41": "that they evolved independently in the ctenophore lineage.",
    "57269016708984140094ca42": ".",
    "572691bedd62a815002e89dc": "Since all modern ctenophores except the beroids have cydippid-like larvae,",
    "572691bedd62a815002e89dd": "A",
    "572691bedd62a815002e89de": "the Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene extinction event 65",
    "572691bedd62a815002e89df": "Richard Harbison",
    "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4d": "the largest inland city in California and the 34th-largest in the nation.",
    "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4e": ".",
    "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4f": "The name Fresno means \"ash tree\" in Spanish, and",
    "5725ce4d38643c19005acd50": "The name Fresno means \"ash tree\" in Spanish, and an ash leaf",
    "5725ce4d38643c19005acd51": ".",
    "5725cfd0271a42140099d225": "In 1872",
    "5725cfd0271a42140099d226": "Soon there was a store around the station and the store grew the town of Fresno Station,",
    "5725cfd0271a42140099d227": "Fresno became an incorporated city in 1885.",
    "5725cfd0271a42140099d228": "By 1931 the Fresno Traction Company operated 47 streetcars over 49 miles of track.",
    "5725cfd0271a42140099d229": "Soon there was a store around the station and the store grew the town of Fresno Station",
    "5725d183271a42140099d23d": "In 1940, the Census Bureau reported Fresno's population as 94.0% wh",
    "5725d183271a42140099d23e": "In 1940,",
    "5725d183271a42140099d23f": "Pinedale, in what is now North Fresno, was the site of the Pinedale Assembly Center,",
    "5725d183271a42140099d240": "Pinedale, in what is now North Fresno, was the site of the Pinedale Assembly Center,",
    "5725d183271a42140099d241": "The Fresno Fairgrounds was also utilized as an assembly center.",
    "5725d34aec44d21400f3d639": "1958, Bank of America launched a new product called BankAmericard in Fresno.",
    "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63a": "BankAmericard went on to become the first successful credit card;",
    "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63b": "earlier financial products could do one or the other but not both).",
    "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63c": "In September 1958, Bank of America launched a new product called BankAmer",
    "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63d": ".",
    "5725d42a89a1e219009abf58": "In the 1970s, the city was the subject of a song, \"Walking Into Fresno",
    "5725d42a89a1e219009abf59": ".",
    "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5a": "In the 1970s",
    "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5b": "In the 1970s, the city was the subject of a song, \"Walking Into Fresno",
    "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5c": "Aken, adopted by Mexican movie actress Lupe Mayorga",
    "5725d662ec44d21400f3d687": ".",
    "5725d662ec44d21400f3d688": "Roeding Park, near Downtown Fresno, is home to the Fresno Chaffee Zoo, and",
    "5725d662ec44d21400f3d689": "Kear",
    "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68a": "Woodward Park",
    "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68b": "the largest reenactment of the Civil War in the west coast of the U.S.",
    "5725d7e438643c19005acdf9": "w",
    "5725d7e438643c19005acdfa": "few.",
    "5725d7e438643c19005acdfb": "the San Joaquin Light & Power Building (currently known as the Grand 1401),",
    "5725d7e438643c19005acdfc": "few.",
    "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b3": "1964.",
    "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b4": "While the Fulton Mall corridor has suffered a sharp decline from its heyday,",
    "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b5": "While the Fulton Mall corridor has suffered a sharp decline from its heyday, the",
    "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b6": "The",
    "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b7": "the pedestrian friendly environment of the district.",
    "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c5": ".",
    "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c6": "Its major thoroughfares are Kings Canyon Avenue and Clovis Avenue.",
    "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c7": "Bell.",
    "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c8": "It is also the home of the Sunnyside Country Club,",
    "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c9": "which maintains a golf course designed by William P. Bell.",
    "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfea": "which is included on the National List of Historic Places.",
    "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfeb": "which is included on the National List of Historic Places.",
    "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfec": "area",
    "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfed": "later renamed California State University at Fresno).",
    "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfee": ".",
    "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d7": "After decades of neglect and suburban flight,",
    "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d8": "Af",
    "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d9": "Roger Rocka's Dinner Theater & Good Company Players also opened nearby in 1978,",
    "5725e1c4271a42140099d2da": "Fresno native Audra McDonald performed in the leading roles of Evita and",
    "5725e1c4271a42140099d2db": "she was a high school student.",
    "5725e45689a1e219009ac048": ".",
    "5725e45689a1e219009ac049": ".",
    "5725e45689a1e219009ac04a": "Since renewal, the Tower District",
    "5725e45689a1e219009ac04b": "Today, the Tower District",
    "5725e45689a1e219009ac04c": "center of Fresno's local punk/goth/deathrock and heavy metal community.",
    "5725e748ec44d21400f3d733": "The area",
    "5725e748ec44d21400f3d734": "houses designed by Fresno architects,",
    "5725e748ec44d21400f3d735": ".",
    "5725e748ec44d21400f3d736": "have been restored in recent decades.",
    "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0ae": "A mere half decade later the tract had 267 homes.",
    "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0af": ".",
    "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b0": "In",
    "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b1": "In",
    "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b2": "ich provided streetcar connections between downtown and the County Hospital",
    "5725edfe38643c19005ace9f": "The \"West Side\" of Fresno",
    "5725edfe38643c19005acea0": "The neighborhood lies southwest of the 99 freeway (which divides it from Downtown Fresno",
    "5725edfe38643c19005acea1": "the center of Fresno's African-American community.",
    "5725edfe38643c19005acea2": ".",
    "5725edfe38643c19005acea3": "The",
    "5725f00938643c19005aced7": "The neighborhood includes Kearney Boulevard",
    "5725f00938643c19005aced8": "Kearney Boulevard is lined with tall palm trees.",
    "5725f00938643c19005aced9": "The roughly half-",
    "5725f00938643c19005aceda": "was given the name by the Fresno City Council in",
    "5725f00938643c19005acedb": "was still known for high levels of violent crime.",
    "5725f190ec44d21400f3d76f": ".",
    "5725f190ec44d21400f3d770": "on the corner of Fresno and B streets,",
    "5725f190ec44d21400f3d771": ".",
    "5725f190ec44d21400f3d772": "The Fresno Chandler Executive Airport is also on the West Side.",
    "5725f190ec44d21400f3d773": "The neighborhood has very little retail activity, aside from the area near Fre",
    "5725f2c838643c19005aceed": "Woodward Park was founded by the late Ralph Woodward, a long-time Fresno resident.",
    "5725f2c838643c19005aceee": "Wood",
    "5725f2c838643c19005aceef": "The",
    "5725f2c838643c19005acef0": "The",
    "5725f2c838643c19005acef1": "Wood",
    "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fa": ".",
    "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fb": "Developer William Smilie created the nation's first planned aviation community.",
    "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fc": "Sierra Sky Park was the first aviation community to be built[citation needed] and",
    "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fd": "in transportation law to allow personal aircraft and automobiles to share certain roads.",
    "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fe": "there are now numerous such communities across the United States and around the world.",
    "5725f5b1271a42140099d371": "thus displaying Mediterranean characteristics.",
    "5725f5b1271a42140099d372": "July is the warmest month",
    "5725f5b1271a42140099d373": "However, the year averages 81% of possible sunshine, for a total of 3550 hours.",
    "5725f5b1271a42140099d374": "Most of the wind rose direction occurrences derive from the northwest",
    "5725f5b1271a42140099d375": "Most of the wind rose direction occurrences derive from the northwest",
    "5725f6e138643c19005acf19": "The official record high temperature for Fresno is",
    "5725f6e138643c19005acf1a": "was 2.2 inches (0.06 m) on January 21, 1962.",
    "5725f6e138643c19005acf1b": "and the most rainfall in 24 hours 3.55 inches (90.2 mm) on",
    "5725f6e138643c19005acf1c": "1962.",
    "5725f6e138643c19005acf1d": "the most rainfall in 24 hours 3.55 inches (90.2 mm) on",
    "5725f7cd38643c19005acf23": "1970.",
    "5725f7cd38643c19005acf24": "1970.",
    "5725f7cd38643c19005acf25": "1970.",
    "5725f7cd38643c19005acf26": "were 30.0% of the population in 2010, down from 72.6% in 1970.",
    "5725f7cd38643c19005acf27": "1970.",
    "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b1": "children under the age of 18 living in them,",
    "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b2": "had",
    "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b3": "Ther",
    "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b4": "the average family size was 3.62.",
    "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b5": "The average household size was 3.07.",
    "5725fabc89a1e219009ac128": "As of",
    "5725fabc89a1e219009ac129": "As of the census of 2000",
    "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12a": "The racial makeup of the city was",
    "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12b": "Hmong",
    "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12c": ".",
    "5725fb8138643c19005acf3f": "that Fresno would only have UHF television stations.",
    "5725fb8138643c19005acf40": ".",
    "5725fb8138643c19005acf41": "The very first Fresno television station to begin broadcasting was KMJ-TV, wh",
    "5725fb8138643c19005acf42": "KMJ is now known as NBC affiliate KSEE.",
    "5725fb8138643c19005acf43": "that Fresno would only have UHF television stations.",
    "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ad": "that connects the major population centers of the California Central Valley.",
    "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ae": "the Sierra Freeway, heads east to the city of Clovis and Huntington Lake.",
    "5725fcbe271a42140099d3af": "State Route 41 (Yosemite Freeway/Eisenhower Freeway)",
    "5725fcbe271a42140099d3b0": "State Route 180 (Kings Canyon Freeway) comes from the west via Mendota,",
    "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7dd": "Fresno is the largest U.S. city not directly linked to an Interstate highway.",
    "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7de": "When the Interstate Highway System was created in the 1950s",
    "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7df": "has been made to upgrade it to interstate standards and",
    "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7e0": ".",
    "5725ff8238643c19005acf49": "The city of Fresno is planned to serve the future California High Speed Rail.",
    "5725ff8238643c19005acf4a": ".",
    "5725ff8238643c19005acf4b": "The city of Fresno is planned to serve the future California High Speed Rail.",
    "5725ff8238643c19005acf4c": "The city of Fresno is planned to serve the future California High Speed Rail.",
    "5725ff8238643c19005acf4d": "The city of Fresno is planned to serve the future California High Speed Rail.",
    "5725d34089a1e219009abf50": "Paul Baran developed the concept Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching",
    "5725d34089a1e219009abf51": ".",
    "5725d34089a1e219009abf52": "Th",
    "5725d34089a1e219009abf53": "Dav",
    "572632ceec44d21400f3dc2f": "Paul Baran developed the concept Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching",
    "572632ceec44d21400f3dc30": ".",
    "572632ceec44d21400f3dc31": ".",
    "5725d52f89a1e219009abf78": "Packet switching contrasts with another principal networking paradigm",
    "5725d52f89a1e219009abf79": "In cases of billable services,",
    "5725d52f89a1e219009abf7a": "In",
    "572634a789a1e219009ac56c": ".",
    "572634a789a1e219009ac56d": ".",
    "572634a789a1e219009ac56e": "In",
    "572634a789a1e219009ac56f": "In",
    "5726219489a1e219009ac2ce": "Pac",
    "5726219489a1e219009ac2cf": "the packets may be delivered according to a multiple access scheme.",
    "5726219489a1e219009ac2d0": ".",
    "5726356938643c19005ad2ff": "Pac",
    "5726356938643c19005ad300": "the packets may be delivered according to a multiple access scheme.",
    "5726356938643c19005ad301": "the packets may be delivered according to a multiple access scheme.",
    "5726249538643c19005ad07f": "Baran developed the concept of distributed adaptive message block switching during",
    "5726249538643c19005ad080": "ce",
    "5726249538643c19005ad081": "The work focuses",
    "5726249538643c19005ad082": "these messages by store and forward switching.",
    "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4a": ".",
    "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4c": "these messages by store and forward switching.",
    "57263677ec44d21400f3dc49": "Baran",
    "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4b": "The work focuses",
    "572629c6271a42140099d6a3": "Starting in 1965, Donald Davies at the National Physical Laboratory, UK",
    "572629c6271a42140099d6a4": "A member of Davies' team (Roger Scantlebury)",
    "572629c6271a42140099d6a5": "A member of Davies' team (Roger Scantlebury)",
    "572629c6271a42140099d6a6": "suggested it for use in the ARPANET.",
    "5726378238643c19005ad313": "Baran.",
    "5726378238643c19005ad314": "e in the ARPANET.",
    "5726378238643c19005ad315": "1967 ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles",
    "5726385e271a42140099d797": "In connectionless mode each packet includes complete addressing information.",
    "5726385e271a42140099d798": ".",
    "5726385e271a42140099d799": "It may also be labeled with the sequence number of the packet.",
    "5726385e271a42140099d79a": "At",
    "5726398589a1e219009ac58b": "The",
    "5726398589a1e219009ac58a": "the node to look up the connection id in a table.",
    "5726398589a1e219009ac589": "The packets include a connection identifier ra",
    "5726398589a1e219009ac588": "Connection-oriented transmission requires",
    "57263b1638643c19005ad333": "Both X.25 and Frame Relay provide connection-oriented operations.",
    "57263b1638643c19005ad335": ".",
    "57263b1638643c19005ad334": ".",
    "57263b1638643c19005ad336": "typical configuration is to run IP over ATM or a version of MPLS. <",
    "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7b": "ARPANET and SITA HLN became operational in 1969.",
    "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7c": "The X.25 protocol suite uses this network type.",
    "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7d": "Tw",
    "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7e": "The X.25 protocol suite uses this network type.",
    "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8d": "Apple",
    "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8e": "AppleTalk inclu",
    "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8f": "The",
    "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc90": "It was a plug-n-play system.",
    "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a2": "Louis Pouzin.",
    "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a3": "It was the first network to",
    "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a4": "It",
    "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a5": "Concepts of this network influenced later ARPANET architecture.",
    "57263ea0271a42140099d7c3": "DECnet is a suite of network protocols created by Digital Equipment Corporation,",
    "57263ea0271a42140099d7c4": "originally released in 1975 in order to connect two PDP-11 minicomputers.",
    "57263ea0271a42140099d7c5": "ev",
    "57263ea0271a42140099d7c6": "Linux.",
    "57263fd138643c19005ad37b": "Warner was right.",
    "57263fd138643c19005ad37c": "t.",
    "57263fd138643c19005ad37d": "s, the centers were computer service bureaus, offering batch processing services.",
    "57263fd138643c19005ad37e": "He de",
    "5726414e271a42140099d7e5": "was formed in 1966 as",
    "5726414e271a42140099d7e6": "completed the triad.",
    "5726414e271a42140099d7e7": "All of this set the stage for Merit's role in the NSFNET project starting in the mid-1980",
    "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf5": "Telenet was the first FCC-licensed public data network in the United States.",
    "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf6": "Telenet was the first FCC-licensed public data network in the United States.",
    "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf7": "Telenet was the first FCC-licensed public data network in the United States.",
    "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf8": "PANET technology but changed the host interface to X.25 and the terminal interface to X.29.",
    "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf9": "It went public in 1979 and was then sold to GTE.",
    "5726431aec44d21400f3dd13": ".",
    "5726431aec44d21400f3dd14": "Tymnet",
    "5726431aec44d21400f3dd15": "Us",
    "5726431aec44d21400f3dd16": "The",
    "5726431aec44d21400f3dd17": "The private networks were often connected via gateways",
    "572643de5951261400b5195a": "There were two kinds of X.25 networks.",
    "572643de5951261400b5195b": "DATAPAC was developed by Bell Northern Research wh",
    "572643de5951261400b5195c": "address.",
    "5726446a89cfff1900a8404d": "AUSTPAC was an Australian public X.25 network operated by Telstra.",
    "5726446a89cfff1900a8404e": "network.",
    "5726446a89cfff1900a8404f": "the Australian Tax Office",
    "57264586f1498d1400e8dac6": "Datanet 1",
    "57264586f1498d1400e8dac7": "Strictly speaking Datanet 1 on",
    "57264586f1498d1400e8dac8": "fusion.",
    "57264586f1498d1400e8dac9": "hough this use of the name was inc",
    "5726462b708984140094c117": "The Computer Science Network (CSNET)",
    "5726462b708984140094c118": "Its purpose",
    "5726462b708984140094c119": "It",
    "5726472bdd62a815002e8042": ".",
    "5726472bdd62a815002e8043": "The Internet2 community, in partnership with Qwest, built the first Internet2 Network",
    "5726472bdd62a815002e8044": "The Internet2 community, in partnership with Qwest, built the first Internet2 Network",
    "5726472bdd62a815002e8045": "The Internet2 community, in partnership with Qwest, built the first Internet2 Network",
    "5726472bdd62a815002e8046": "government.",
    "572647e2dd62a815002e805c": "that were constructed to support NSF's networking initiatives from 1985-1995.",
    "572647e2dd62a815002e805d": "backbone.",
    "572647e2dd62a815002e805e": "backbone.",
    "572648d1708984140094c15d": "The",
    "572648d1708984140094c15e": "The",
    "572648d1708984140094c15f": "The network was engineered and operated by MCI Telecommunications un",
    "572648d1708984140094c160": "e, a substantial engineering feat for that time",
    "572648d1708984140094c161": "and",
    "57264684708984140094c123": "where it then travelled along the Silk Road, reaching Crimea by 1343.",
    "57264684708984140094c124": "the Black Death is estimated to have killed 30\u201360% of Europe's total population.",
    "57264684708984140094c125": "the Black Death is estimated to have killed 30\u201360% of Europe's total population.",
    "57264684708984140094c126": "The world population as a whole",
    "57264684708984140094c127": "The plague recurred occasionally in Europe until the 19th century.",
    "572647935951b619008f6ec9": "Epidemics that may have included plague killed an estimated 25",
    "572647935951b619008f6eca": "Lake Issyk Kul in Kyrgyzstan have inscriptions referring to plague",
    "572647935951b619008f6ecb": "China",
    "572647935951b619008f6ecc": "Epidemics that may have included plague killed an estimated 25 million Chinese and other Asians dur",
    "572647935951b619008f6ecd": "Epidemics that may have included plague killed an estimated 25 million Chinese and other Asians dur",
    "57264845f1498d1400e8db0a": ".",
    "57264845f1498d1400e8db0b": "After a protracted siege",
    "57264845f1498d1400e8db0c": "After a protracted siege, during which the Mongol army under Jani Beg",
    "57264845f1498d1400e8db0d": "The Genoese traders fled, taking the plague",
    "57264845f1498d1400e8db0e": "contributed to the severity of the Black Death.",
    "572648ed5951b619008f6f03": "From Italy",
    "572648ed5951b619008f6f04": "From Italy, the disease spread northwest across Europe,",
    "572648ed5951b619008f6f05": "The plague was somewhat less common in parts of Europe that",
    "572648ed5951b619008f6f06": "From Italy",
    "572648ed5951b619008f6f07": ".",
    "57264991f1498d1400e8db2e": ".",
    "57264991f1498d1400e8db2f": "By autumn 1347, the plague reached Alexandria in Egypt,",
    "57264991f1498d1400e8db30": "the plague reached Alexandria in Egypt,",
    "57264991f1498d1400e8db31": "The city's residents fl",
    "57264a74708984140094c18b": "claimed that the Latin name atra mors (Black Death)",
    "57264a74708984140094c18c": "the Latin name atra mors (Black Death)",
    "57264a74708984140094c18d": "(1908) claimed that the Latin name atra mors (Black Death)",
    "57264a74708984140094c18e": "In England, it was not until 1823 that the medieval epidemic was first called the Black Death.",
    "57264a74708984140094c18f": "The name spread through Scandinavia and then Germany",
    "57264b3edd62a815002e80aa": "That the plague was caused by bad air became the most widely accepted theory.",
    "57264b3edd62a815002e80ab": "the Middle Ages.",
    "57264b3edd62a815002e80ac": "That the plague was caused by bad air became the most widely accepted theory.",
    "57264b3edd62a815002e80ad": "Today, this is known as the Miasma theory.",
    "57264c42dd62a815002e80c6": "also responsible for an epidemic that began in southern China in 1865",
    "57264c42dd62a815002e80c7": "The investigation of the pathogen that caused the 19th-century plague",
    "57264c42dd62a815002e80c8": "whom the pathogen was named Yersinia pestis.",
    "57264c42dd62a815002e80c9": "The mechanism by which Y. pestis was usually transmitted was established in 1898 by",
    "57264c42dd62a815002e80ca": ".",
    "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e4": "The historian Francis Aidan Gasquet wrote about the 'Great Pestilence' in 1893",
    "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e5": "He was able to adopt the epidemiology of the bubonic",
    "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e6": "He was able",
    "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e7": "He was able to adopt the epidemiology of the bubonic plague",
    "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e8": "it would appear to be some form of the ordinary Eastern or bubonic plague",
    "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7a": "The",
    "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7b": ".",
    "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7c": "80 percent die within eight days.",
    "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7d": "Pneumonic plague has a mortality rate of 90 to 95 percent.",
    "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7e": "Symptoms include fever, cough, and blood-tinged sputum.",
    "57264e2f708984140094c1e1": "wh",
    "57264e2f708984140094c1e2": "wh",
    "57264e2f708984140094c1e3": ". pestis",
    "57264e2f708984140094c1e4": "Middle Ages\".",
    "57264e2f708984140094c1e5": "wh",
    "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbae": "These clades (which are thought to be ex",
    "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbaf": ".",
    "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb0": "Surveys of plague",
    "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb1": "Surveys of plague pit remains in France and England indicate the first variant entered Europe",
    "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb2": "in the spring of 1349, where it spread through the country in three epidemics.",
    "57264fe65951b619008f6fa1": "The results of the Haensch study have since been confirmed and amended.",
    "57264fe65951b619008f6fa2": ".",
    "57264fe65951b619008f6fa3": "se.",
    "57264fe65951b619008f6fa4": "se",
    "5726509bdd62a815002e815a": "The plague theory",
    "5726509bdd62a815002e815b": ".",
    "5726509bdd62a815002e815c": ".",
    "5726509bdd62a815002e815d": "In 1984",
    "5726509bdd62a815002e815e": "(2001)",
    "5726516a708984140094c223": "the plague is as important as an identification of symptoms,",
    "5726516a708984140094c224": "but researchers are hampered by the lack of reliable statistics from this period.",
    "5726516a708984140094c225": "It is",
    "5726516a708984140094c226": "Estimates of plague victims are usually extrapolated from figures from the clergy.",
    "5726516a708984140094c227": "as no census was undertaken bet",
    "57265285708984140094c25b": "other mass graves.",
    "57265285708984140094c25c": "that transference via fleas in goods was likely to be of marginal significance;",
    "57265285708984140094c25d": ".",
    "57265285708984140094c25e": "the spread of the Black Death was much faster than that of modern bubonic plague",
    "57265285708984140094c25f": "separated by 5 to 15 years,",
    "5726534d708984140094c26d": "Arch",
    "5726534d708984140094c26e": "rest of the body) forms of the plague",
    "5726534d708984140094c26f": "Arch",
    "5726534d708984140094c270": "In addition to the bubonic infection, others point to additional septicemic",
    "5726534d708984140094c271": "s.",
    "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc28": "In crowded cities, it was not uncommon for as much as 50% of the population to die.",
    "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc29": "In crowded cities, it was not uncommon for as much as 50% of the population to die.",
    "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2a": "suggesting at least some pre-planning and Christian burials at this time.",
    "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2b": "In crowded cities, it was not uncommon for as much as 50% of the population to die.",
    "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2c": "some areas, and the most isolated areas were less vulnerable to contagion.",
    "572654e2708984140094c2b7": "The plague repeatedly returned to haunt Europe and",
    "572654e2708984140094c2b8": "the plague was present somewhere in Europe in every year between 1346 and 1671.",
    "572654e2708984140094c2b9": "France alone lost almost a million people to the plague in the epidemic of 1628\u201331.",
    "5726559edd62a815002e81c8": "In England, in the absence of census figures",
    "5726559edd62a815002e81c9": "By the end of 1350, the Black Death subsided, but it never really died out in England.",
    "5726559edd62a815002e81ca": "An",
    "5726559edd62a815002e81cb": "and ended with the Great Plague of London in 1665.",
    "57265642f1498d1400e8dc68": "In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris.",
    "57265642f1498d1400e8dc69": "The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years",
    "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6b": "which is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War,",
    "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6c": "The last plague outbreak ravaged Oslo in 1654.",
    "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6a": "Plague occurred in Venice 22 times between 1361 and 1528.",
    "57265700dd62a815002e820e": "In the first half of the 17th century",
    "57265700dd62a815002e820f": "In 1656, the plague killed about half of Naples' 300,000 inhabitants.",
    "57265700dd62a815002e8210": "The plague of 1649 probably reduced the population of Seville by half.",
    "57265700dd62a815002e8211": "In 1709\u201313, a plague epidemic that followed the Great Northern War",
    "57265700dd62a815002e8212": "Europe's last major epidemic occurred in 1720 in Marseille.",
    "5726577f708984140094c301": ".",
    "5726577f708984140094c302": "Algiers lost 30 to 50 thousand inhabitants to it in 1620\u201321,",
    "5726577f708984140094c303": "Plague remained a major event in Ottoman",
    "5726577f708984140094c304": "Baghdad has suffered severely from visitations of the plague,",
    "572657d9dd62a815002e8230": "When a rock crystallizes from melt (magma and/or lava),",
    "572657d9dd62a815002e8231": "The",
    "572657d9dd62a815002e8232": "when this happens, a new magma is formed, from",
    "572657d9dd62a815002e8233": ".",
    "572657d9dd62a815002e8234": "that change the mineral content of the rock which gives it a characteristic fabric.",
    "57265d08708984140094c397": "is separated into a number of tectonic plates that",
    "57265d08708984140094c398": "wh",
    "57265d08708984140094c399": "which includes the crust and rigid uppermost portion of the upper mantle,",
    "57265d08708984140094c39a": "This coupling between rigid plates moving on the surface of the Earth and",
    "57265d08708984140094c39b": "In the 1960s",
    "57265f605951b619008f70db": "where two plates move apart.",
    "57265f605951b619008f70dc": "where one plate subducts under another.",
    "57265f605951b619008f70dd": "Long linear regions of geologic features could be explained as plate boundaries.",
    "57265f605951b619008f70de": "Plate tectonics also provided a mechanism for",
    "57265f605951b619008f70df": ".",
    "57266193dd62a815002e832a": ".",
    "57266193dd62a815002e832b": "that.",
    "57266193dd62a815002e832d": ".",
    "57266193dd62a815002e832e": ".",
    "57266193dd62a815002e832c": "that.",
    "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf2": ".",
    "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf4": "it is further expanded in the fourth scale.",
    "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf5": "The Holocene",
    "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf6": "The Pleistocene (P) epoch. Q stands for the Quaternary period.",
    "572665ff708984140094c4c3": "they cut.",
    "572665ff708984140094c4c4": "Faults are younger than the rocks they cut;",
    "572665ff708984140094c4c5": "Finding the key bed in these situations may",
    "572665ff708984140094c4c6": "Faults are younger than the rocks they cut;",
    "572667e2f1498d1400e8de90": "A similar situation with igneous rocks occurs wh",
    "572667e2f1498d1400e8de91": "These foreign bodies are",
    "572667e2f1498d1400e8de92": ".",
    "572667e2f1498d1400e8de93": "then the inclusions must be older than the formation that contains them.",
    "572667e2f1498d1400e8de94": ".",
    "572669a9dd62a815002e8416": "The principle of faunal succession",
    "572669a9dd62a815002e8417": ".",
    "572669a9dd62a815002e8418": "The principle becomes quite complex, however, given the uncertainties of fossilization",
    "572669a9dd62a815002e8419": "relative age of the formations in which they are found.",
    "572669a9dd62a815002e841a": "ght.",
    "57266c015951b619008f7237": "ich there was datable material, converting the old relative ages into new absolute ages.",
    "57266c015951b619008f7238": ".",
    "57266c015951b619008f7239": "converting the old relative ages into new absolute ages.",
    "57266c015951b619008f723a": "fossils and stratigraphic correlation to date sections of rock relative to one another.",
    "57266c015951b619008f723b": ".",
    "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8c": "Thermochemical techniques",
    "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8d": "These are used in geochronologic and thermochronologic studies.",
    "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8e": "These are used in geochronologic and thermochronologic studies.",
    "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8f": "Dating of lava and volcanic ash layers found within a stratigraphic sequence",
    "5726701add62a815002e84c8": "rock units are placed under horizontal compression, they shorten and become thicker.",
    "5726701add62a815002e84c9": "In the shallow crust, where brittle deformation can occur, thrust faults form",
    "5726701add62a815002e84ca": "The",
    "5726701add62a815002e84cb": "Deeper in the Earth, rocks behave plastically, and fold instead of faulting.",
    "5726701add62a815002e84cc": "they are called anticlines and synclines, respectively.",
    "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe4": "Extension causes the rock units as a whole to become longer and thinner.",
    "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe5": "These stretched rocks can also pinch into lenses, known as boudins",
    "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe6": "ich",
    "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe7": "Rocks at the depth to be ductilely stretched are often also metamorphosed.",
    "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe8": "Extension causes the rock units as a whole to become longer and thinner.",
    "572673f5708984140094c69b": ".",
    "572673f5708984140094c69c": "Dikes, long, planar igneous intrusions, enter along cracks, and therefore of",
    "572673f5708984140094c69d": "Faulting and other deformational processes",
    "572673f5708984140094c69e": "Continual motion along the fault maintains",
    "572673f5708984140094c69f": "Deformational events are often also associated with volcanism and igneous activity.",
    "57267640f1498d1400e8e074": "almost entirely of layered basaltic lava flows.",
    "57267640f1498d1400e8e075": "the",
    "57267640f1498d1400e8e076": "In many places, the Grand Canyon in the southwestern United States be",
    "57267640f1498d1400e8e077": "In many places, the Grand Canyon in",
    "57267640f1498d1400e8e078": ".",
    "572677e7708984140094c723": "In typical geological investigations, geologists use primary information relat",
    "572677e7708984140094c724": "(the study of sedimentary layers), and structural geology (",
    "572677e7708984140094c725": "structural geology (the study of positions of rock units and their deformation).",
    "572677e7708984140094c726": "subsurface.",
    "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ec": "through optical microscopy and by using an electron microprobe.",
    "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ed": "In",
    "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ee": "Stable and radioactive isotope studies provide insight into the geochemical evolution of rock un",
    "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ef": "petrologists identify rock samples in the laboratory.",
    "57267947f1498d1400e8e0f0": "an electron microprobe.",
    "57267b3c5951b619008f7423": "and how they change through igneous and metamorphic processes.",
    "57267b3c5951b619008f7424": "and how they change through igneous and metamorphic processes.",
    "57267b3c5951b619008f7425": "This research can be extrapolated to the field to understand metamorphic processes",
    "57267d52708984140094c7d9": "which gives information about strain within the crystalline structure of the rocks.",
    "57267d52708984140094c7da": "which gives information about strain within the crystalline structure of the rocks.",
    "57267d52708984140094c7db": "in order to reconstruct the history of rock deformation in the area.",
    "57267d52708984140094c7dc": ".",
    "57267ebfdd62a815002e872c": "zones in which mountains are built along convergent tectonic plate boundaries.",
    "57267ebfdd62a815002e872d": ".",
    "57267ebfdd62a815002e872e": "horizontal layers of sand are pulled along a lower surface into a back stop,",
    "57267ebfdd62a815002e872f": "critically tapered (all angles remain the same) orogenic wedge.",
    "57267ebfdd62a815002e8730": "Numeri",
    "57268066708984140094c821": "can be returned from the field, such as those from drill cores.",
    "57268066708984140094c822": "show the locations of stratigraphic units in the subsurface.",
    "57268066708984140094c823": "Geophysical data and well logs can",
    "57268066708984140094c824": "Stratigraphers can",
    "57268066708984140094c825": "Stratigraphers can",
    "57268220f1498d1400e8e218": "Geochronologists precisely date rocks within the stratigraphic section in",
    "57268220f1498d1400e8e216": "In the laboratory",
    "57268220f1498d1400e8e219": "Mag",
    "57268220f1498d1400e8e217": "Geochronologists precisely date rocks within the stratigraphic section in",
    "572683f95951b619008f7525": "Persia after the Muslim conquests had come to an end.",
    "572683f95951b619008f7526": "Abu al-Rayhan al-Biruni (973\u20131048 CE) was",
    "572683f95951b619008f7527": "he inferred that the land was formed by erosion of the mountains and by deposition of silt.",
    "572683f95951b619008f7528": "Dra",
    "572683f95951b619008f7529": "he inferred that the land was formed by erosion of the mountains and by deposition of silt.",
    "57268527708984140094c8bf": "James Hutton is often viewed as the first modern geologist.",
    "57268527708984140094c8c0": "In 1785 he presented a paper entitled Theory of the Earth to the Royal Society of Edinburgh.",
    "57268527708984140094c8c1": "published a two-volume version of his ideas in 1795 (Vol. 1, Vol. 2).",
    "57268527708984140094c8c2": "In his paper",
    "572686ac5951b619008f75a9": "The first geological map of the U.S. was produced in 1809 by William Maclure.",
    "572686ac5951b619008f75aa": "The first geological map of the U.S. was produced in 1809 by William Maclure.",
    "572686ac5951b619008f75ab": "The first geological map of the U.S. was produced in 1809 by William Maclure.",
    "572686ac5951b619008f75ad": "The results of his unaided labours were submitted to the American Philosophical Society",
    "572686ac5951b619008f75ac": "gether with the nation's first geological map.",
    "57268882f1498d1400e8e306": "first published his famous book, Principles of Geology, in 1830.",
    "57268882f1498d1400e8e307": "Charles Darwin, successfully promoted the doctrine of uniformitarianism.",
    "57268882f1498d1400e8e308": "This",
    "57268882f1498d1400e8e309": ".",
    "57268882f1498d1400e8e30a": "Charles Darwin, successfully promoted the doctrine of uniformitarianism.",
    "5726642f5951b619008f7157": "North East England, 103 miles (166 km) south of Edinburgh",
    "5726642f5951b619008f7158": "Newcastle",
    "5726642f5951b619008f7159": "the English Core Cities Group and is a member of the Eurocities network of European cities.",
    "5726642f5951b619008f715a": "Newcastle was part of the county of Northumberland until 1400,",
    "5726642f5951b619008f715b": ".",
    "5726651ff1498d1400e8de30": "Robert Curthose, William the Conqueror's eldest son.",
    "5726651ff1498d1400e8de31": "The city grew as an important centre for the wool trade in the 14th century",
    "5726651ff1498d1400e8de32": ".",
    "5726651ff1498d1400e8de33": "The port developed in the 16th century",
    "5726651ff1498d1400e8de34": "the Great North Run, since it began in 1981.",
    "5726660d5951b619008f71b1": "Newcastle was Pons Aelius, a Roman fort and bridge across the River Tyne.",
    "5726660d5951b619008f71b2": "Newcastle was Pons Aelius, a Roman fort and bridge across the River Tyne.",
    "5726660d5951b619008f71b3": "The population of Pons Aelius at this period was estimated at 2,000.",
    "5726660d5951b619008f71b4": "Fragments of Hadrian's Wall are still visible in parts of Newcastle,",
    "5726660d5951b619008f71b5": "the incursion of Pictish tribes from the north, not",
    "572666d9dd62a815002e83b4": "Throughout the Middle Ages, Newcastle was England's northern fortress.",
    "572666d9dd62a815002e83b5": "Incorporated first by Henry II, the city had a new charter granted by Elizabeth in 1589.",
    "572666d9dd62a815002e83b6": "A 25-foot (7.6 m)",
    "572666d9dd62a815002e83b7": "land",
    "572666d9dd62a815002e83b8": "Newcastle was successfully defended again",
    "57266783f1498d1400e8de86": "From 1530",
    "57266783f1498d1400e8de87": "the Hostmen.",
    "57266783f1498d1400e8de88": "The phrase taking coals to Newcastle was first recorded contextually in 1538.",
    "57266783f1498d1400e8de89": "an entrepreneur, widely regarded as an eccentric, defied this idiom.",
    "57266783f1498d1400e8de8a": "He",
    "57266a15f1498d1400e8def6": "the close-knit community of keelmen and their families.",
    "57266a15f1498d1400e8def7": ".",
    "57266a15f1498d1400e8def8": "In the 1630s about 7,000 out of 20,000 inhabitants of Newcastle died of plague",
    "57266a15f1498d1400e8def9": "period.",
    "57266a15f1498d1400e8defa": "this may also have been the most devastating loss in any British City in this period.",
    "57266ab3dd62a815002e8434": "During the English Civil War, the North declared for the King.",
    "57266ab3dd62a815002e8435": "In a bid to gain Newcastle and the Tyne, Cromwell's allies,",
    "57266ab3dd62a815002e8436": "was eventually stormed ('with roaring drummes') and",
    "57266ab3dd62a815002e8437": ".",
    "57266ab3dd62a815002e8438": "Charles I was imprisoned in Newcastle by the Scots in 1646\u20137.",
    "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df53": "Newcastle was one of the first cities in the world to be lit up by electric lighting.",
    "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df54": "at one time the largest pottery company in the world, moved to the city.",
    "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df55": "Newcastle was one of the first cities in the world to be lit up by electric lighting.",
    "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df52": ".",
    "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df56": "Charles Parsons' invention of the steam turbine, wh",
    "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df78": "In large parts, Newcastle still retains a medieval street layout.",
    "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df79": ".",
    "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7a": "Stairs from the riverside to higher parts of the city centre",
    "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7b": "Close, Sandhill and Quayside",
    "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7c": "House and \"House of Tides\",",
    "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a0": "restored.",
    "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a1": "Broadcaster and writer Stuart Maconie desc",
    "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a2": "Nikolaus Pevsner, describes Grey Street as one of the finest streets in England.",
    "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a3": ".",
    "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a4": ".",
    "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa4": "the Town Moor, lying immediately north of the city centre.",
    "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa5": "Another green space in Newcastle is the Town Moor",
    "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa7": "The Hoppings funfair, said to be the largest travelling funfair in Europe,",
    "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa8": "Another green space in Newcastle",
    "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa6": "in June.",
    "57267076708984140094c601": "Large-scale regeneration",
    "57267076708984140094c602": "the Gateshead Millennium Bridge was commissioned by Gateshead Council",
    "57267076708984140094c603": "-designed The Sage Gateshead music centre.",
    "57267076708984140094c604": "Newcastle and Gateshead have linked together under the banner \"NewcastleGateshead\",",
    "57267076708984140094c605": "The River Tyne had the temporary Bambuco Bridge in 2008 for ten days;",
    "572671165951b619008f72b7": "The historic heart of Newcastle is the Grainger Town area.",
    "572671165951b619008f72b8": "Richard",
    "572671165951b619008f72b9": "The",
    "572671165951b619008f72ba": ".",
    "572671e55951b619008f72d7": "The Grainger Market replaced an earlier market originally built in 1808 called the Butcher Market.",
    "572671e55951b619008f72d8": "and was Newcastle's first indoor market.",
    "572671e55951b619008f72d9": "The opening was celebrated with a grand dinner attended by 2000 guests",
    "572671e55951b619008f72da": "the Laing Art Gallery has a painting of this event.",
    "572671e55951b619008f72db": "was listed grade I in 1954 by English Heritage.",
    "57267383dd62a815002e8552": ".",
    "57267383dd62a815002e8553": "British Isles.",
    "57267383dd62a815002e8554": "Being in the rain shadow of the North Pennines",
    "57267383dd62a815002e8555": "Isles.",
    "57267383dd62a815002e8556": "similar to the remainder of the British Isles.",
    "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03a": "In 2010, Newcastle was positioned ninth in the retail centre expenditure league of the UK.",
    "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03b": "The largest of these is the Eldon Square Shopping Centre,",
    "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03c": "often cited as the world\u2019s first department store.",
    "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03d": "The",
    "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03e": "was officially opened in March 2007.",
    "5726769c708984140094c711": "the area around Grey's Monument",
    "5726769c708984140094c712": "Outside the city centre, the largest suburban shopping areas are Gosforth and Byker.",
    "5726769c708984140094c713": "The largest Tesco store in the United Kingdom is located in Kingston Park on the edge of Newcastle.",
    "5726769c708984140094c714": "Close to Newcastle, the largest indoor shopping centre in Europe,",
    "5726769c708984140094c715": "Europe, the MetroCentre, is located in Gateshead.",
    "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ac": "The Tyneside flat was the dominant housing form constructed at the time wh",
    "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ad": "Tyneside flats were built as terraces, one of each pair of doors led",
    "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ae": "areas.",
    "5726778df1498d1400e8e0af": ".",
    "5726778df1498d1400e8e0b0": "without building high and getting rid of common areas.",
    "572678c0dd62a815002e863e": "the proportion of detached homes rise in the 2010 Census (to 7.8%)",
    "572678c0dd62a815002e863f": "the proportion of converted or shared houses in 2011 rend",
    "572678c0dd62a815002e8640": "renders this dwelling type with",
    "572678c0dd62a815002e8641": "Wells.",
    "572678c0dd62a815002e8642": "Wells.",
    "572679c35951b619008f73db": "According to the UK Government's returned 2001 census information",
    "572679c35951b619008f73dc": "whereas the metropolitan borough of Newcastle had a population of around 259,000.",
    "572679c35951b619008f73dd": "Newcastle and Northumbria Universities in the local area.",
    "572679c35951b619008f73de": "Newcastle is also home to a large student population with Newcastle and Northumbria Universities",
    "572679c35951b619008f73df": "Areas with predominant student populations include Jesmond and Heaton.",
    "57267a94f1498d1400e8e122": ".",
    "57267a94f1498d1400e8e123": "Many people in the city have Scottish or Irish ancestors.",
    "57267a94f1498d1400e8e124": "There is a strong presence of Border Reiver surnames,",
    "57267a94f1498d1400e8e125": "There are also estimated to be between 500 and 2,000 Bolivians in Newcastle,",
    "57267a94f1498d1400e8e126": ".",
    "57267b65dd62a815002e86a6": ".",
    "57267b65dd62a815002e86a7": "who migrated to and conquered much of England after the end of Roman Imperial rule.",
    "57267b65dd62a815002e86a8": "the Geordie dialect retains many elements of the old language.",
    "57267b65dd62a815002e86a9": "This language was the forerunner of Modern English;",
    "57267b65dd62a815002e86aa": "were pronounced in the Anglo-Saxon language.",
    "57267c63dd62a815002e86d6": "Geordie words with origins in Scandinavia;",
    "57267c63dd62a815002e86d7": "Some words used in the Geordie dialect are used elsewhere in the Northern United Kingdom.",
    "57267c63dd62a815002e86d8": "Scots;",
    "57267c63dd62a815002e86d9": "Man",
    "57267c63dd62a815002e86da": "\"hockle\" (\"spit\").",
    "57267ce7708984140094c7c9": "In a report, published in early February 2007",
    "57267ce7708984140094c7ca": "Newcastle was named as the noisiest city in the whole of the UK,",
    "57267ce7708984140094c7cb": "with an average level of 80.4 decibels.",
    "57267ce7708984140094c7cc": "The report claimed that these noise levels would have a negative long-term impact",
    "57267ce7708984140094c7cd": "The report claimed that these noise levels w",
    "57267de1f1498d1400e8e194": "popularly refer",
    "57267de1f1498d1400e8e195": "In",
    "57267de1f1498d1400e8e196": "In recent years",
    "57267de1f1498d1400e8e197": "Newcastle's gay scene - 'The Pink Triangle' -",
    "57267de1f1498d1400e8e198": "bars, caf\u00e9s and clubs.",
    "57267f695951b619008f74bd": "The city has a proud history of theatre.",
    "57267f695951b619008f74be": "The",
    "57267f695951b619008f74bf": "Stephen Kemble guided the theatre through many celebrated seasons.",
    "57267f695951b619008f74c0": "The original Theatre Royal in Newcastle was opened on 21 January 1788 and",
    "57267f695951b619008f74c1": "It was demolished to make way for Grey Street, where its replacement was built.",
    "5726800add62a815002e8750": "The city still contains many theatres.",
    "5726800add62a815002e8751": "The largest, the Theatre Royal on Grey Street, first opened in 1837",
    "5726800add62a815002e8752": "It has hosted a season of performances from the Royal Shakespeare Company for over 25 years,",
    "5726800add62a815002e8753": "whilst other venues feature local talent.",
    "5726800add62a815002e8754": ".",
    "572680865951b619008f74e7": "is the largest independent library outside London, housing more than 150,000 books.",
    "572680865951b619008f74e8": ".",
    "572680865951b619008f74e9": "John and Benjamin Green",
    "572680865951b619008f74ea": "on 20 October 1880.",
    "572680865951b619008f74eb": "Joseph Swan on 20 October 1880.",
    "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fa": "The Newcastle Beer Festival, organized by CAMRA, takes place in April.",
    "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fb": "In May, Newcastle and Gateshead",
    "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fc": ".",
    "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fd": "mid June.",
    "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fe": "festival of food and drink, runs for 2 weeks each year in mid June.",
    "57268341f1498d1400e8e23c": "The Hoppings, reputedly the largest travelling fair in Europe,",
    "57268341f1498d1400e8e23d": ".",
    "57268341f1498d1400e8e23e": "The event has its origins in the Temperance Movement dur",
    "57268341f1498d1400e8e23f": ".",
    "57268341f1498d1400e8e240": "The Northern Pride Festival and Parade is held in Leazes Park and",
    "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24c": "Newcastle Mela, held on the late August bank holiday weekend",
    "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24e": ".",
    "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24f": "In October, there is the Design Event festival\u2014",
    "572683e6f1498d1400e8e250": "The SAMA Festival, an East Asian cultural festival is also held in early October.",
    "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24d": "NewcastleGateshead also holds an annual International Arts Fair.",
    "5726847f708984140094c8ab": "Lindisfarne are a folk-rock group with a strong Tyneside connection.",
    "5726847f708984140094c8ac": "1990.",
    "5726847f708984140094c8ad": "Venom, reckoned by many to be the originators of black metal",
    "5726847f708984140094c8ae": "Folk metal band Skyclad, often regarded as the first folk metal band",
    "5726847f708984140094c8af": "Andy Taylor, former lead guitarist of Duran Duran was born here in 1961.",
    "57268525dd62a815002e8806": "The Pilgrim Street building was refurbished between November 2006 and May 2008;",
    "57268525dd62a815002e8807": "the cinema relocated to the Old Town Hall, Gateshead.",
    "57268525dd62a815002e8808": "The site currently houses three cinemas, including the restored Classic \u2014",
    "57268525dd62a815002e8809": "the United Kingdom's last surviving news cinema still in full-time operation\u2014",
    "57268525dd62a815002e880a": "the Tyneside Bar, and dedicated education and teaching suites.",
    "57268692dd62a815002e8826": "including the Centre for Life with its Science Village",
    "57268692dd62a815002e8827": "which changed the world;",
    "57268692dd62a815002e8828": "including Tyneside's shipbuilding heritage",
    "57268692dd62a815002e8829": ".",
    "57268692dd62a815002e882a": "Seven Stories a museum dedicated to children's books,",
    "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e2": ".",
    "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e3": "The 1971 film Get Carter was shot on location in",
    "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e4": "the 1988 film noir thriller Stormy Monday,",
    "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e5": ".",
    "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e6": ".",
    "572687e1dd62a815002e8852": "Newcastle has a horse racing course at Gosforth Park.",
    "572687e1dd62a815002e8853": "The city is also home to the Newcastle Eagles basketball team",
    "572687e1dd62a815002e8854": "The city's speedway team Newcastle Diamonds are based at Brough Park in Byker,",
    "572687e1dd62a815002e8855": "Newcastle al",
    "572687e1dd62a815002e8856": "Anoth",
    "57268885dd62a815002e886a": "Ponteland and is the larger of the two main airports serving the North East.",
    "57268885dd62a815002e886b": "It",
    "57268885dd62a815002e886c": ".",
    "57268885dd62a815002e886d": "The airport handles over five million passengers per year",
    "57268885dd62a815002e886e": "As of 2007[update], over 90 destinations are available worldwide.",
    "572689385951b619008f761b": "Glazing was placed over the historic arches and the Victorian architecture was enhanced;",
    "572689385951b619008f761c": "The station is one of only six Grade One listed railway stations in the UK.",
    "572689385951b619008f761d": "it was the first covered railway station in the world and was much copied across the UK.",
    "572689385951b619008f761e": "The",
    "572689385951b619008f761f": "The city's other mainline station, Manors, is to the east of the city centre.",
    "572689b6dd62a815002e8890": "King's Cross",
    "572689b6dd62a815002e8891": "Train operator Virgin Trains East Coast provides a half-",
    "572689b6dd62a815002e8892": "and north to Scotland with all trains calling at Edinburgh and",
    "572689b6dd62a815002e8893": "CrossCountry trains serve destinations in Yorkshire, the Midlands and the South West.",
    "572689b6dd62a815002e8894": "Train operator Virgin Trains East Coast",
    "57268a8fdd62a815002e88ce": "The city is served by the Tyne and Wear Metro",
    "57268a8fdd62a815002e88cf": "It was opened in five phases between 1980 and 1984",
    "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d0": ".",
    "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d1": "opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1981.",
    "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d2": "The network is",
    "57268bb25951b619008f7645": ".",
    "57268bb25951b619008f7646": "at the busiest stations - part of the transition to smart ticketing.",
    "57268bb25951b619008f7647": "In addition; tracks, signalling and overhead wires are also being overhauled.",
    "57268bb25951b619008f7648": "Longer term plans inc",
    "57268bb25951b619008f7649": "Sev",
    "57268d1b708984140094c9cd": "Major roads in the area include the A1 (Gateshead Newcastle Western Bypass)",
    "57268d1b708984140094c9ce": "the A69 heading west to Carlisle",
    "57268d1b708984140094c9cf": "A167",
    "57268d1b708984140094c9d0": "Many of these designations are recent\u2014upon completion of the Western Bypass",
    "57268d1b708984140094c9d1": ".",
    "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e6": "There are",
    "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e7": "Ther",
    "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e8": "Stagecoach is the primary operator in the city proper,",
    "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e9": "There are 3 main bus companies providing services in the city;",
    "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3ea": "Go-Ahead operates from Eldon Square Bus Station, providin",
    "57269120708984140094ca59": "1998.",
    "57269120708984140094ca5a": "ed;",
    "57269120708984140094ca5b": "\u2026",
    "57269120708984140094ca5c": "contraflows on one way streets",
    "57269120708984140094ca5d": "link the local networks to national network",
    "5726934f5951b619008f771d": ".",
    "5726934f5951b619008f771e": "The DFDS ferry service to Gothenburg, Sweden, ceased at the end of October 2006 \u2013",
    "5726934f5951b619008f771f": ".",
    "5726934f5951b619008f7720": "Norway was terminated late 2008.",
    "5726934f5951b619008f7721": "Thomson cruise lines",
    "57269526dd62a815002e8a4e": ".",
    "57269526dd62a815002e8a4f": ".",
    "57269526dd62a815002e8a50": "The largest co-ed independent school is the Royal Grammar School.",
    "57269526dd62a815002e8a51": "Newcastle College is the largest general further education college in the North East and",
    "57269526dd62a815002e8a52": "Newcastle.",
    "57269698dd62a815002e8a6c": "It won the coveted Sunday Times University of the Year award in 2000.",
    "57269698dd62a815002e8a6d": "Newcastle University has its origins in the School of Medicine and Surgery",
    "57269698dd62a815002e8a6e": "It won the coveted Sunday Times University of the Year award in 2000.",
    "57269698dd62a815002e8a6f": "ich polytechnics became new universities.",
    "57269698dd62a815002e8a70": "Northumbria University was voted 'Best New University' by The Times Good University Guide 2005",
    "572699b55951b619008f778f": "All three cathedrals began their lives as parish churches.",
    "572699b55951b619008f7790": "St. Nicholas, with its elegant lantern tower of 1474",
    "572699b55951b619008f7791": "the Coptic Cathedral located in Fenham.",
    "572699b55951b619008f7792": "wh",
    "572699b55951b619008f7793": "All three cathedrals began their lives as parish churches.",
    "57269b165951b619008f77b3": "The Parish Church of St Andrew is",
    "57269b165951b619008f77b4": ".",
    "57269b165951b619008f77b5": "was the main porch in 1726.",
    "57269b165951b619008f77b6": "the River Tyne dedicated to St Andrew, including the Priory church at Hexham.",
    "57269b165951b619008f77b7": "The",
    "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4ca": "City Road for over 40 years after its launch in January 1959.",
    "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cb": ".",
    "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cc": "at the City Road complex gave its name to the 1980s music television programme, The Tube.",
    "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cd": "in a building known, as the result of its colouring, as the Pink Palace.",
    "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4ce": ".",
    "57269d745951b619008f77d7": "the first full-time community radio station in the area.",
    "57269d745951b619008f77d8": "Newcastle Student Radio",
    "57269d745951b619008f77d9": "Rad",
    "57269d745951b619008f77da": ".",
    "57269d745951b619008f77db": "time.",
    "57269e80f1498d1400e8e520": "died there in 1770.",
    "57269e80f1498d1400e8e521": "Basil Hume, Archbishop of Westminster, was born in the city in 1923.",
    "57269e80f1498d1400e8e522": "Lord Armstrong, engineer and father of the modern steam railways George",
    "57269e80f1498d1400e8e523": "Sir Charles Parsons, inventor of the incandescent light bulb Sir",
    "57269e80f1498d1400e8e524": "Former Prime Minister of Thailand Abhisit Vejjajiva, was born in the city.",
    "57269fab5951b619008f7807": "Hank Marvin and Bruce Welch were both former pupils of Rutherford Grammar School,",
    "57269fab5951b619008f7808": "Michael Carrick and Alan Shearer were born in Newcastle.",
    "57269fab5951b619008f7809": "Nobel Prize winning physicist Peter Higgs, and",
    "57269fab5951b619008f780a": ".",
    "57269fab5951b619008f780b": "WWE NXT champion Neville were born in the city.",
    "5726710b708984140094c61d": "It was founded in 1852 and named after Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.",
    "5726710b708984140094c61e": "housing a permanent collection of over 4.5 million objects.",
    "5726710b708984140094c61f": "It was founded in 1852 and named after Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.",
    "5726710b708984140094c620": "It was founded in 1852 and named after Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.",
    "572680ac708984140094c83d": "The Victoria and Albert Museum (often abbreviated as the V&A), London",
    "572680ac708984140094c83e": "It was founded in 1852 and named after Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.",
    "572680ac708984140094c83f": "It was founded in 1852 and named after Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.",
    "572680ac708984140094c840": "the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.",
    "572680ac708984140094c841": "2001.",
    "57268294708984140094c877": "The V&A covers 12.5 acres (51,000 m2) and 145 galleries.",
    "57268294708984140094c878": "The V&A covers 12.5 acres (51,000 m2) and 145 galleries.",
    "57268294708984140094c879": "The V&A covers 12.5 acres (51,000 m2) and 145 galleries.",
    "57268294708984140094c87a": "The V&A covers 12.5 acres (51,000 m2) and 145 galleries.",
    "57268294708984140094c87b": "the largest and most comprehensive in the world.",
    "572685cd5951b619008f7573": "The V&A has its origins in the Great Exhibition of",
    "572685cd5951b619008f7574": "Henry Cole, the museum's first director, was involved in planning;",
    "572685cd5951b619008f7575": "The V&A has its origins in the Great Exhibition of 1851,",
    "572685cd5951b619008f7576": "but by September had been transferred to Somerset House.",
    "572685cd5951b619008f7577": "In 1855 the German architect Gottfried Semper, at",
    "57268d02f1498d1400e8e378": "The official opening by Queen Victoria was on 22 June 1857.",
    "57268d02f1498d1400e8e379": "The official opening by Queen Victoria was on 22 June 1857.",
    "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37a": "George Wallis (1811\u20131891),",
    "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37b": "made possible by the use of gas lighting.",
    "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37c": "1949.",
    "57268f2c708984140094ca25": "the Britain Can Make It exhibition was held between September and November 1946,",
    "57268f2c708984140094ca26": "September and November 1946, attracting nearly a million and a half visitors.",
    "57268f2c708984140094ca27": "the Britain Can Make It exhibition was held between September and November 1946,",
    "57268f2c708984140094ca28": "The success of this exhibition led to the planning of the Festival of Britain (1951).",
    "57268f2c708984140094ca29": "1948 most of the collections had been returned to the museum.",
    "572691d7708984140094ca6d": "the V&A became the first museum in Britain to present a rock concert.",
    "572691d7708984140094ca6e": "the V&A became the first museum in Britain to present a rock concert.",
    "572691d7708984140094ca6f": "Roy Strong and was subsequently emulated by some other British museums.",
    "572691d7708984140094ca70": "The",
    "57269656708984140094cafd": "it is the most expensive gallery project ever undertaken in Scotland",
    "57269656708984140094cafe": "As of 2015, with costs estimated at \u00a376 million,",
    "57269656708984140094caff": ".",
    "57269656708984140094cb00": ".",
    "57269656708984140094cb01": "The",
    "572698d7dd62a815002e8a98": ".",
    "572698d7dd62a815002e8a99": "The",
    "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9a": "the Turner and Vernon galleries built 1858-9 to",
    "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9b": "The North and South Courts, were then built, both of which opened by June 1862.",
    "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9c": "On the very northern edge of the site is situated the Secretariat Wing",
    "57269c06708984140094cba1": "Owen Jones,",
    "57269c06708984140094cba2": "The style adopted for this part of the museum was Italian Renaissance,",
    "57269c06708984140094cba3": "bronze doors designed by James Gamble & Reuben To",
    "57269c06708984140094cba4": "designed by James",
    "57269c06708984140094cba5": "by James Gamble & Reuben Townroe hav",
    "57269d68708984140094cbd7": "The interiors of the three refreshment rooms",
    "57269d68708984140094cbd8": "the decorated ceiling and stained-glass windows by Edward Burne-Jones.",
    "57269d68708984140094cbd9": "The",
    "57269d68708984140094cbda": ".",
    "57269d68708984140094cbdb": "The",
    "5726a0205951b619008f781b": "Scott, also of the Royal Engineers.",
    "5726a0205951b619008f781c": "the Henry Cole Wing in 1867\u201372.",
    "5726a0205951b619008f781d": ".",
    "5726a0205951b619008f781e": "It",
    "5726a0205951b619008f781f": "2008",
    "5726a2445951b619008f7861": ",",
    "5726a2445951b619008f7862": "was used to decorate the east side of the building designed by F. W. Moody,",
    "5726a2445951b619008f7863": "Scott also designed the two Cast Courts 187",
    "5726a2445951b619008f7864": "what is now the sculpture gallery on the south side of the garden,",
    "5726a2445951b619008f7865": "wh",
    "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e5fe": "was designed by Aston Webb after winning a competition in 1891 to extend the museum.",
    "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e5ff": "The main fa\u00e7ade, built from red brick and Portland stone, stretches 720 feet (220 m)",
    "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e600": "The main fa\u00e7ade, built from red brick and Portland stone, stretches 720 feet",
    "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e601": "Lik",
    "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e602": "Lik",
    "5726a9ff708984140094cd4b": "Prince Albert appears within the main arch above the twin entrances",
    "5726a9ff708984140094cd4c": "These fa\u00e7ades surround four levels of galleries.",
    "5726a9ff708984140094cd4d": "Other areas designed by Webb include the Entrance Hall and Rotunda,",
    "5726a9ff708984140094cd4e": "The interior makes much use of marble in the entrance hall and flanking staircases",
    "5726a9ff708984140094cd4f": "Queen Victoria above the frame around the arches and entrance, sculpted by Alfred Drury.",
    "5726ace8dd62a815002e8c9e": ".",
    "5726ace8dd62a815002e8c9f": "the museum had acquired what is now the Henry Cole wing from the Royal College of Science.",
    "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca0": "To link this to the rest of the museum, a new entrance building",
    "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca1": "To link this to the rest of the museum, a new entrance building was constructed on the site of",
    "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca2": "the intended site of the Spiral, between 1978 and 1982.",
    "5726afeb708984140094cdd7": "which was further enhanced in 2002",
    "5726afeb708984140094cdd8": "As part of the 2006 renovation the mosaic floors in the sculpture gallery were restored\u2014",
    "5726afeb708984140094cdd9": "it was decided to embark on a major redesign of all the galleries in the museum;",
    "5726afeb708984140094cdda": "South Kensington tube station,",
    "5726afeb708984140094cddb": "were responsible for the new Cafe and designed the new",
    "5726b12f5951b619008f7aaf": "The central garden was redesigned by Kim Wilkie and opened as the John Madejski Garden",
    "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab0": "The central garden was redesigned by Kim Wilkie and opened as the John Madejski Garden",
    "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab1": "there is an elliptical water feature lined in stone with steps around the edge wh",
    "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab2": "ich may be drained to use the area for receptions, gatherings or exhibition purposes.",
    "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab3": "in the two corners by the north fa\u00e7ade there is planted an American Sweetgum tree",
    "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e4": "In 2004",
    "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e5": "In 2004, the V&A alongside Royal Institute of British Architects",
    "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e7": "ource.",
    "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e6": "With the opening of the new gallery",
    "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e8": "ource.",
    "5726b6e05951b619008f7b99": "The RIBA's holdings of over 330 drawings by Andrea Palladio are the largest in the world,",
    "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9a": ".",
    "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9b": "The RIBA's holdings of over 330 drawings by Andrea Palladio are the largest in the world,",
    "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9c": "Horsnell.",
    "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9d": "lection.",
    "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6a": "the facade of Sir Paul Pindar's house dated c1600 from Bishopsgate",
    "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6b": "c1600 from Bishopsgate",
    "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6c": "c",
    "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6d": "European examples include a dormer window dated 1523\u201335 from the chateau of Montal.",
    "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6e": "chateau of Montal.",
    "5726bc505951b619008f7c79": "The V&A holds over",
    "5726bc505951b619008f7c7a": "opened in 2006,",
    "5726bc505951b619008f7c7b": "the centrepiece of the gallery.",
    "5726bc505951b619008f7c7c": ".",
    "5726bc505951b619008f7c7d": "were part of the Salting Bequest of 1909",
    "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c0": ".",
    "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c1": ".",
    "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c2": ".",
    "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c4": "The Jawaharlal Nehru gallery of Indian art",
    "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c3": "The Jawaharlal Nehru gallery of Indian art",
    "5726bf325951b619008f7cfd": ".",
    "5726bf325951b619008f7cfe": "China, Japan and Korea.",
    "5726bf325951b619008f7cff": "The T. T. Tsui Gallery of Chinese art opened in 1991,",
    "5726bf325951b619008f7d00": "The T. T. Tsui Gallery of Chinese art opened in 1991,",
    "5726bf325951b619008f7d01": "The Far Eastern collections include more than 70,000 work",
    "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fd8": "The museum also holds some cloisonn\u00e9 pieces from the Japanese art production company",
    "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fd9": "The Toshiba gallery of Japanese art opened in December 1986.",
    "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fda": "13th-century sculpture of Amida Nyorai.",
    "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fdb": "some of the objects on display",
    "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fdc": ".",
    "5726c80c5951b619008f7de7": "ects.",
    "5726c80c5951b619008f7de8": "ultures, the displays span the 6th to 19th centuries.",
    "5726c80c5951b619008f7de9": "Art from Thailand, Burma, Cambodia,",
    "5726c80c5951b619008f7dea": "mother-of-pearl made between 500 AD and 2000.",
    "5726c80c5951b619008f7deb": "The smaller galleries cover Korea, the Himalayan kingdoms and South East Asia.",
    "5726c9a4708984140094d16f": "note books.",
    "5726c9a4708984140094d170": "One of the great treasures in the library is the Codex Forster,",
    "5726c9a4708984140094d171": "The",
    "5726c9a4708984140094d172": "The Revere",
    "5726c9a4708984140094d173": "These were bequeathed with over 18,000 books to the museum in 1876 by John Forster.",
    "5726cc11dd62a815002e9086": "Writers whose papers are in the library are as diverse as Charles Dickens and Beatrix Potter",
    "5726cc11dd62a815002e9087": "Writers whose papers are in the library are as diverse as Charles Dickens and Beatrix Potter",
    "5726cc11dd62a815002e9088": "Illuminated manuscripts in the library dating from the 12th to 16th centuries include:",
    "5726cc11dd62a815002e9089": "the Armagnac manuscript of the trial and rehabilitation of Joan of Arc, Rouen",
    "5726cc11dd62a815002e908a": "1524 Charter illuminated by Lucas Horenbout, London",
    "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc4": "s.",
    "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc5": "A computer system called MODES cataloging system was used from the 1980s to the 1990s,",
    "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc6": ".",
    "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc8": ".",
    "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc7": "There is a feature on the Victoria and Albert Museum web-site called \"Search the Collections,\"",
    "5726cfa3708984140094d209": "A large scale digitization project began in 2007 in that department.",
    "5726cfa3708984140094d20a": ".",
    "5726cfa3708984140094d20b": "Andy Warhol and to create a factory to completely digitize the collection.",
    "5726cfa3708984140094d20c": "reation of the Factory Project.",
    "5726cfa3708984140094d20d": "The second step of the Factory Project is to catalog everything.",
    "5726d4a45951b619008f7f69": "but also work produced by European artists that was purchased or commissioned by British patrons,",
    "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6a": ".",
    "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6b": "l), William Thomas Beckford and Thomas Hope.",
    "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6c": "Hope.",
    "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6d": "Designers and artists whose work is on display in the galleries inc",
    "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdb": ".",
    "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecda": "The galleries also link design to wider trends in British culture.",
    "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecde": "contributed to the Arts and Crafts movement.",
    "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdc": "As the Industrial Revolution took hold",
    "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdd": "In the later 19th century, the",
    "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed16": "One of the most dramatic parts of the museum is the Cast Courts",
    "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed17": ".",
    "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed18": "David.",
    "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed19": "high housing hundreds of plaster casts of sculptures, friezes and tombs.",
    "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed1a": ".",
    "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e4": "ware.",
    "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e5": "the M\u00f6llendorff Dinner Service, designed in 1762 by Frederick II the Great.",
    "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e6": "the M\u00f6llendorff Dinner Service, designed in 1762 by Frederick II the Great.",
    "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e7": "A major boost to the collections was the Salting Bequest made in 1909,",
    "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e8": "ware.",
    "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edd8": ".",
    "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edd9": "There is an extensive collection of Delftware produced in both Britain and Holland",
    "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edda": "The",
    "5726dd71f1498d1400e8eddb": "The largest objects in the collection are",
    "5726dd71f1498d1400e8eddc": "The",
    "5726de7a5951b619008f80ab": "The glass collection covers",
    "5726de7a5951b619008f80ac": ".",
    "5726de7a5951b619008f80ad": "The earliest glassware on display comes from Ancient Egypt and",
    "5726de7a5951b619008f80af": "the Art Deco style is represented by several examples by Ren\u00e9 Lalique.",
    "5726de7a5951b619008f80ae": "the Art Deco style is represented by several examples by Ren\u00e9 Lalique.",
    "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee52": "The main gallery was redesigned in 1994,",
    "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee53": "the glass balustrade on the staircase and mezzanine are the work of Danny Lane",
    "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee54": "the gallery covering contemporary glass opened in 2004 and",
    "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee55": ".",
    "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee56": "the Luck of Edenhall is also displayed in these galleries.",
    "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c4": "sley.",
    "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c5": "sley.",
    "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c6": "Rembrandt, Antonio Verrio,",
    "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c7": "Antonio Verrio,",
    "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c8": "Antonio Verrio,",
    "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eed8": ".",
    "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eed9": "the Word and Image department.",
    "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eeda": "the collection is dominated by fashionable clothes made for special occasions.",
    "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eedb": ".",
    "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eedc": ".",
    "5726e4eedd62a815002e9438": "the Museum acquired the Costiff collection of 178 Vivienne Westwood costumes.",
    "5726e4eedd62a815002e9439": "The museum continues to acquire examples of modern fashion to add to the collection.",
    "5726e4eedd62a815002e943a": "the Museum acquired the Costiff collection of 178 Vivienne Westwood costumes.",
    "5726e4eedd62a815002e943b": "the Museum acquired the Costiff collection of 178 Vivienne Westwood costumes.",
    "5726e4eedd62a815002e943c": "The museum continues to acquire examples of modern fashion to add to the collection.",
    "5726e680dd62a815002e946e": "The Soulages collection of Italian and French Renaissance objects was acquired between 1859",
    "5726e680dd62a815002e946f": "was acquired between 1859 and 1865, and includes several cassone.",
    "5726e680dd62a815002e9470": "The John Jones Collection of French 18",
    "5726e680dd62a815002e9471": "The",
    "5726e680dd62a815002e9472": "was left to the museum in 1882, then valued at \u00a3250,000.",
    "5726e834dd62a815002e94a4": "dated 1580 from Antwerp City Hall, attributed to Hans Vredeman de Vries.",
    "5726e834dd62a815002e94a5": "1580 from Antwerp City Hall, attributed to Hans Vredeman de Vries.",
    "5726e834dd62a815002e94a6": ".",
    "5726e834dd62a815002e94a7": "c1750 from Germany, with especially fine marquetry and ormolu mounts.",
    "5726e834dd62a815002e94a8": "lection.",
    "5726e9c65951b619008f8247": ".",
    "5726e9c65951b619008f8248": "1806.",
    "5726e9c65951b619008f8249": "Major bequests inc",
    "5726e9c65951b619008f824a": "Major bequests inc",
    "5726e9c65951b619008f824b": "A new jewellery gallery, funded by William and Judith Bollinger, opened on 24 May 2008.",
    "5726ee28708984140094d656": ".",
    "5726ee28708984140094d657": "1496\u201397.",
    "5726ee28708984140094d658": "One of the largest items is the Hereford Screen, weighing nearly 8 tonnes, 10",
    "5726ee28708984140094d659": "One of the largest items is the Hereford Screen",
    "5726ee28708984140094d655": "\u201397.",
    "5726ef12dd62a815002e959e": "One of the rarest items in the collection is the 58 cm high Gloucester Candlestick",
    "5726ef12dd62a815002e959f": "dated to c1110, made from gilt bronze;",
    "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a0": ".",
    "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a1": "the Becket Casket dated c1180",
    "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a2": "made from gilt copper, with enamelled scenes of the saint's martyrdom.",
    "5726f1ec708984140094d6aa": "An online petition of over 5,100 names on the Parliamentary website led",
    "5726f1ec708984140094d6ad": ",",
    "5726f1ec708984140094d6ab": "which was highly controversial.",
    "5726f1ec708984140094d6ac": "The",
    "5726f1ec708984140094d6a9": "25 February 2010, a decision which was highly controversial.",
    "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bc": "ich the museum holds the national collection",
    "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bd": "ich the museum holds the national collection",
    "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0be": ".",
    "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bf": "Also on loan to the museum, from Her Majesty the Queen Elizabeth II",
    "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0c0": ".",
    "5726f4a0708984140094d6e9": ".",
    "5726f4a0708984140094d6ea": "In",
    "5726f4a0708984140094d6eb": "in 1888,",
    "5726f4a0708984140094d6ec": "in 1888",
    "5726f4a0708984140094d6ed": ".",
    "5726f755708984140094d737": "and as such are displayed in the galleries of continental art 1600\u20131800,",
    "5726f755708984140094d738": "1758",
    "5726f755708984140094d739": "that formed part of the Jones bequest of 1882 and",
    "5726f755708984140094d73a": "that formed part of the Jones bequest of 1882",
    "5726f90b708984140094d75d": "this consists of 781 plates.",
    "5726f90b708984140094d75e": "at Devonshire House in 1897 to celebrate Queen Victoria's diamond jubilee.",
    "5726f90b708984140094d75f": "this consists of 781 plates.",
    "5726f90b708984140094d760": "held at Devonshire House in 1897 to celebrate Queen Victoria's diamond jubilee.",
    "5726f90b708984140094d761": "There are several of John Thomson's 1876-7 images of Street Life in London in the collection.",
    "5726fb18dd62a815002e96ce": "the V&A is the most comprehensive holding of post-classical European sculpture in the world.",
    "5726fb18dd62a815002e96cf": "There are approximately 22,000 objects",
    "5726fb18dd62a815002e96d0": "All uses of sculpture are",
    "5726fb18dd62a815002e96d1": "All us",
    "5726fc63dd62a815002e9706": "which the museum jointly owns with National Galleries of Scotland.",
    "5726fc63dd62a815002e9707": "Monti. An unu",
    "5726fc63dd62a815002e9708": ".",
    "5726fc63dd62a815002e9709": ".",
    "5726fc63dd62a815002e970a": "decoration.",
    "5726fe95dd62a815002e9732": "Rodin is represented by more than 20 works in the museum collection",
    "5726fe95dd62a815002e9733": "Rodin is",
    "5726fe95dd62a815002e9734": "Rodin is",
    "5726fe95dd62a815002e9735": "Britain's support of France in World War I",
    "5726fe95dd62a815002e9736": "France",
    "572700c8dd62a815002e976a": "Nicholas Stone,",
    "572700c8dd62a815002e976b": "and whose work is in the collection include Nicholas Stone",
    "572700c8dd62a815002e976c": "Sculptors",
    "572700c8dd62a815002e976d": "A sample of some of these sculptors' work is on display in the British Galleries.",
    "572702a3dd62a815002e9790": "With the opening of the Dorothy and Michael Hintze sculpture galleries in 2006",
    "572702a3dd62a815002e9791": "taught sculpture",
    "572702a3dd62a815002e9792": "The",
    "572702a3dd62a815002e9793": "view.",
    "572702a3dd62a815002e9794": "it was decided to extend the chronology of the works on display up to 1950;",
    "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23c": "oidery.",
    "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23d": "The collection of textiles",
    "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23e": "The collection of",
    "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23f": "this is the largest such collection in the world.",
    "572703fdf1498d1400e8f240": "These are classified by technique",
    "57270541dd62a815002e97c8": "The tapestry collection includes a fragment of the Cloth of St Gereon",
    "57270541dd62a815002e97c9": "A highlight of the collection is the four Devonshire Hunting Tapestries",
    "57270541dd62a815002e97ca": "A highlight of the collection is the four Devonshire Hunting Tapestries,",
    "57270541dd62a815002e97cb": "A highlight of the collection is the four Devonshire Hunting Tapestries",
    "57270541dd62a815002e97cc": "Also included are tapestries from John Vanderbank's workshop wh",
    "57270676dd62a815002e97f0": "the late 14th-century Sicilian Tristan Quilt, is also held by the collection.",
    "57270676dd62a815002e97f1": "paper designs.",
    "57270676dd62a815002e97f2": "Including 'The Forest' tapestry of 1887),",
    "57270676dd62a815002e97f3": "The art deco period is covered by rugs and fabrics designed by Marion Dorn.",
    "57270676dd62a815002e97f4": "From the same period there is a rug designed by Serge Chermayeff.",
    "57270817708984140094d8c7": "The V&A Theatre & Performance galleries, formerly the Theatre Museum",
    "57270817708984140094d8c8": "2009.",
    "57270817708984140094d8c9": "They hol",
    "57270817708984140094d8ca": ".",
    "57270817708984140094d8cb": "are available for research, exhibitions and other shows.",
    "57270ab9708984140094d8f7": "Conservation",
    "57270ab9708984140094d8f8": "Ac",
    "57270ab9708984140094d8f9": "Interventive treatment mak",
    "57270ab9708984140094d8fa": "all the collections held by the V&A and the V&A Museum of Childhood.",
    "57270ab9708984140094d8fb": "providing advice on the handling of items,",
    "57267b755951b619008f7433": ".",
    "57267b755951b619008f7434": "The American Broadcasting Company (ABC) (stylized in its logo as abc since 1957",
    "57267b755951b619008f7435": ".",
    "57267b755951b619008f7436": "California.",
    "57267b755951b619008f7437": "a subsidiary of Disney Media Networks division of The Walt Disney Company.",
    "57267ca75951b619008f7469": "which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble.",
    "57267ca75951b619008f746a": "Edward J. Noble",
    "57267ca75951b619008f746b": "It extended its operations to television in 1948, following in the foots",
    "57267ca75951b619008f746c": "In the 1980s, after purchasing an 80% interest in cable sports channel ESPN",
    "57267ca75951b619008f746d": "In the 1980s",
    "57267f1cdd62a815002e8740": "2007.",
    "57267f1cdd62a815002e8741": "in 2007",
    "57267f1cdd62a815002e8742": "The television network",
    "57267f1cdd62a815002e8743": "2007.",
    "57267f1cdd62a815002e8744": "2007.",
    "5726808bdd62a815002e8776": "In the 1930s",
    "5726808bdd62a815002e8777": "The last was owned by electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America (RCA)",
    "5726808bdd62a815002e8778": "which served the major cities, and to test drama series.",
    "5726808bdd62a815002e8779": "Red.",
    "5726808bdd62a815002e877a": ".",
    "572681ab708984140094c85d": ",",
    "572681ab708984140094c85e": "interest.",
    "572681ab708984140094c85f": "the FCC established a regulation forbidding licenses",
    "572681ab708984140094c860": "In 1938,",
    "572681ab708984140094c861": "1940.",
    "572684f5dd62a815002e87fc": "and gave the mandate to do so to Mark Woods.",
    "572684f5dd62a815002e87fd": "RCA converted the NBC Blue Network",
    "572684f5dd62a815002e87fe": ".",
    "572684f5dd62a815002e87ff": "but the offer was rejected by Woods and RCA president David Sarnoff.",
    "572684f5dd62a815002e8800": "network, but the offer was rejected by Woods and RCA president David Sarnoff.",
    "572685d1f1498d1400e8e29e": "Edward John Noble, the owner of Life Savers candy",
    "572685d1f1498d1400e8e29f": "1951.",
    "572685d1f1498d1400e8e2a0": "Nob",
    "572685d1f1498d1400e8e2a1": "Woods retained his position as president and CEO of ABC until December 1949, and",
    "572685d1f1498d1400e8e2a2": "alt",
    "57268739708984140094c8ed": "when NBC and CBS did not allow pre-taped shows.",
    "57268739708984140094c8ee": "it aired symphony performances conducted by Paul Whiteman,",
    "57268739708984140094c8ef": "The network also became known for such suspenseful dramas as Sherlock Holmes,",
    "57268739708984140094c8f0": "With the help of the Magnetophon",
    "57268739708984140094c8f1": ".",
    "57269260dd62a815002e89ea": "2000",
    "57269260dd62a815002e89eb": "The policy regarding wholly owned international networks was revived in 2004 wh",
    "57269260dd62a815002e89ec": "citing to the channel's inability to attain sustainable viewership.",
    "57269260dd62a815002e89ed": "citing to the channel's inability to attain sustainable viewership.",
    "57269260dd62a815002e89ee": ".",
    "57269344f1498d1400e8e43e": "In 1959,",
    "57269344f1498d1400e8e43f": "ended the need for ABC to hold interests in other countries;",
    "57269344f1498d1400e8e440": "in the 1970s.",
    "57269344f1498d1400e8e441": "in the 1970s.",
    "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5c": "Leonard Goldenson sa",
    "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5d": "Goldenson also invested in broadcasting properties in Beirut in the mid-1960s.",
    "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5e": "the Mainichi Broadcasting System in 1951 and Nihon Educational Television in 1957.",
    "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5f": "was broadcasting the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in June 1953;",
    "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb60": "was broadcasting the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in June 1953;",
    "5726e5ac708984140094d51b": "Since 2000",
    "5726e5ac708984140094d51c": "(which are rotated across all four major networks on a year-to-year basis),",
    "5726e5ac708984140094d51d": ".",
    "5726e5ac708984140094d51e": ".",
    "5726e5ac708984140094d51f": "Since 2000",
    "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef30": "Since 1974",
    "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef31": "ABC will continue to broadcast the pageant through 2016",
    "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef32": "ABC will continue to broadcast the pageant through 2016.",
    "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef33": "(hosted first by its creator Dick Clark, and later by his successor Ryan Seacrest",
    "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef34": "wh",
    "5726e671dd62a815002e9464": ".",
    "5726e671dd62a815002e9465": "ABC also broadcasts the morning news program Good Morning America",
    "5726e671dd62a815002e9466": "ABC also aired the last nine years of the Procter & Gamble-produced soap",
    "5726e671dd62a815002e9467": "The View and The Chew, and the soap opera General Hospital,",
    "5726e671dd62a815002e9468": "1963.",
    "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6e": "AB",
    "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6c": "ESPN took over responsibilities for ABC's sports division in 2006",
    "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6b": "and",
    "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6a": ".",
    "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6d": "During the summer, ABC airs ESPN-produced highlight compilation programs for",
    "5726e860708984140094d579": "Frank Marx, then ABC's vice-president of engineering",
    "5726e860708984140094d57a": "would be requisitioned from broadcasting use and reallocated for the U.S. Army.",
    "5726e860708984140094d57b": ".",
    "5726e860708984140094d57c": "would be requisitioned from broadcasting use and reallocated for the U.S. Army.",
    "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa0": "in 1952, there were only 108 existing television stations in the United States;",
    "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa1": "Before the freeze ended in 1952",
    "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa2": "the DuMont Television Network.",
    "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa3": "its competing networks",
    "5726ea06dd62a815002e950a": "At the end of 1949",
    "5726ea06dd62a815002e950b": "At the end of 1949, movie theater operator United Paramount Theatres",
    "5726ea06dd62a815002e950c": "ates.",
    "5726ea06dd62a815002e950d": "In 1951, a rumor even mentioned that the network would be sold to CBS.",
    "5726ea06dd62a815002e950e": "In 1951",
    "5726ec6ff1498d1400e8eff2": "1951 on a proposal for UPT to purchase ABC.",
    "5726ec6ff1498d1400e8eff3": "William S. Paley",
    "5726ec6ff1498d1400e8eff4": "the tentative agreement was approved by UPT's board of directors.",
    "5726ed12708984140094d645": "wh",
    "5726ed12708984140094d646": "On February 9, 1953, the FCC approved UPT's purchase of ABC in",
    "5726ed12708984140094d647": "The",
    "5726ed12708984140094d648": ". cities.",
    "5726edeff1498d1400e8f024": "with its first broadcast running for two hours that evening.",
    "5726edeff1498d1400e8f025": "the FCC implemented a freeze on new station applications.",
    "5726edeff1498d1400e8f026": "However, KGO-TV in San Francisco",
    "5726edeff1498d1400e8f027": "Hollywood into what would become The Prospect Studios",
    "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c6": "On September 30, 1960, ABC premiered The Flintstones",
    "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c7": "the decade was also marked by the network's gradual transition to color.",
    "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c8": ".",
    "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c9": "The 1960s wou",
    "5726f0865951b619008f82e5": "In 1959",
    "5726f0865951b619008f82e6": "Walt Disney was approached by NBC to produce color broadcasts of his anthology series (wh",
    "5726f0865951b619008f82e7": "Disney",
    "5726f0865951b619008f82e8": "1961",
    "572734af708984140094dae3": "In",
    "572734af708984140094dae4": ".",
    "572734af708984140094dae5": "the ABC logo to fly around the screen and settle in the bottom-right corner.",
    "572734af708984140094dae6": "In 2000",
    "572735a15951b619008f86bf": "In 1998",
    "572735a15951b619008f86c0": "In",
    "572735a15951b619008f86c1": ".",
    "572735a15951b619008f86c2": "The",
    "572736625951b619008f86d1": "The ABC logo first appeared as a on-screen bug in the 1993\u201394 season,",
    "572736625951b619008f86d2": ".",
    "572736625951b619008f86d3": "In 1983",
    "572736625951b619008f86d4": "the slogan \"That Special Feeling\" in a script font.",
    "572736fc5951b619008f86d9": "was the first ABC identification card to have a three-dimensional appearance.",
    "572736fc5951b619008f86da": "Among the \"ABC Circle\" logo's many variants was a 1977 ID sequence that",
    "572736fc5951b619008f86db": "Among the \"ABC Circle\" logo's many variants was a 1977 ID sequence that",
    "57273799f1498d1400e8f4be": "with the lowercase letters \"abc\" enclosed in a single black circle.",
    "57273799f1498d1400e8f4bf": "The letters are strongly reminiscent of the Bauhaus t",
    "57273799f1498d1400e8f4c0": "Herbert Bayer in the 1920s,",
    "57273799f1498d1400e8f4c1": ".",
    "5727387b5951b619008f86e9": "Between May and September 2005",
    "5727387b5951b619008f86ea": "On",
    "5727387b5951b619008f86eb": "International Communications.",
    "57273954708984140094db05": "behind NBC, CBS and Fox (",
    "57273954708984140094db06": "behind a surging Fox.",
    "57273954708984140094db07": "Disney announced a restructuring of its Disney Media Networks division with Anne Sweeney be",
    "57273954708984140094db08": "On December 7, 2005,",
    "57273a0d708984140094db0d": "Networks affiliates approved a two-year affiliate agreement in 2002.",
    "57273a0d708984140094db0e": "Networks affiliates approved a two-year affiliate agreement in 2002.",
    "57273a0d708984140094db0f": "2002",
    "57273a0d708984140094db10": "The Bachelor (the elimination-style dating show's success led to a spinoff,",
    "57273abef1498d1400e8f4da": ")",
    "57273abef1498d1400e8f4db": "ordering Time Warner Cable to restore the stations, doing so on the afternoon of May 2.",
    "57273abef1498d1400e8f4dc": "ABC ended the 2000\u201301 season as the most-watched network, ahead of NBC.",
    "57273abef1498d1400e8f4dd": "Time Warner Cable",
    "57273b69dd62a815002e99d6": "2000 saw the end of \"TGIF\"",
    "57273b69dd62a815002e99d7": "2000",
    "57273b69dd62a815002e99d8": "Friday comedy block in the 1997\u201398 season. Out",
    "57273c195951b619008f8721": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire, a game show based on the British program of the same title.",
    "57273c195951b619008f8722": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire, a game show based on the British program of the same title.",
    "57273c195951b619008f8723": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire, a game show based on the British program of the same title.",
    "57273c195951b619008f8724": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire, a game show based on the British program of the same title.",
    "57273d19708984140094db3d": "Following the merger, Thomas S. Murphy left ABC with Robert Iger taki",
    "57273d19708984140094db3e": "following the sale, Disney renamed its new subsidiary ABC Inc.",
    "57273d19708984140094db3f": ".",
    "57273d19708984140094db40": "Thomas S. Murphy left ABC with Robert Iger taking his place as president and CEO.",
    "57273d19708984140094db41": "In 1998, ABC premiered the Aaron Sorkin-created sitcom Sports Night,",
    "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f508": "the dominant format for the three broadcast television networks.",
    "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f509": ".",
    "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f50a": "Beating the Odds: The Untold Story Behind the Rise of ABC",
    "57273ef15951b619008f8751": "On May 1, 1953, ABC's New York City flagship stations \u2013 WJZ,",
    "57273ef15951b619008f8752": "On May 1, 1953",
    "57273ef15951b619008f8753": "The WJZ calls would later be reassigned to the then-ABC affiliate in Baltimore",
    "57273f9d708984140094db51": "Robert Kintner to be ABC's president while he himself served as its CEO,",
    "57273f9d708984140094db52": "Goldenson added to the confusion when, in October 1954",
    "57273f9d708984140094db53": "Goldenson added to the confusion when, in October 1954,",
    "57273f9d708984140094db54": "ich was also mired in financial trouble.",
    "5727403af1498d1400e8f526": "AB",
    "5727403af1498d1400e8f527": "2002.",
    "5727403af1498d1400e8f528": "until it was surpassed by The Simpsons in 2002.",
    "57274118dd62a815002e9a1c": "Cheyenne (adapted from the 1947 film Wyoming Kid)",
    "57274118dd62a815002e9a1d": "Sugarfoot (a remake of the 1954 film The Boy from Oklahoma)",
    "57274118dd62a815002e9a1e": "was its agreement with Walt Disney;",
    "57274118dd62a815002e9a1f": "ears\".",
    "572741aaf1498d1400e8f53e": "Walt Disney and his brother Roy contacted Goldenson at",
    "572741aaf1498d1400e8f53f": "Walt wanted ABC to invest $500,000 and",
    "572741aaf1498d1400e8f540": "Around 1954",
    "572741aaf1498d1400e8f541": ".",
    "572742daf1498d1400e8f550": "In July 1968",
    "572742daf1498d1400e8f551": "who was approached by ABC Radio president Harold L. Neal",
    "572742daf1498d1400e8f552": "which was spearheaded by Allen Shaw,",
    "572742daf1498d1400e8f553": "In July 1968",
    "5727436af1498d1400e8f558": "On the television side, in September 1969, ABC launched the Movie of the Week",
    "5727436af1498d1400e8f559": "the latter of whom gained early success through the showcase for his 1971 film Duel)",
    "5727436af1498d1400e8f55a": "the latter of whom gained early success through the showcase for his 1971 film Duel) that",
    "5727436af1498d1400e8f55b": "the Movie of the Week",
    "572743fb708984140094db93": "the decade as a whole would mark a turning point for ABC",
    "572743fb708984140094db94": "CBS and NBC in the ratings to become the first place network.",
    "572743fb708984140094db95": ".",
    "5727448b5951b619008f87a1": "ABC debuted Monday Night Football as part of its Monday prime time schedule;",
    "5727448b5951b619008f87a2": "wh",
    "5727448b5951b619008f87a3": "when Sunday Night",
    "5727448b5951b619008f87a4": "Accor",
    "57274633dd62a815002e9a4e": "In 1970",
    "57274633dd62a815002e9a4f": "In 1972",
    "57274633dd62a815002e9a50": "which",
    "572746d3dd62a815002e9a66": "In April 1970, Congress pas",
    "572746d3dd62a815002e9a67": "when it took effect on January 2, 1971.",
    "572746d3dd62a815002e9a68": "was sold to Henry Plitt in 1974.",
    "572746d3dd62a815002e9a69": ".",
    "572747dd5951b619008f87a9": "Michael Eisner, who joined ABC in 1966, became the network's program development manager.",
    "572747dd5951b619008f87aa": "He helped bring about ideas for many series including Happy Days",
    "572747dd5951b619008f87ab": "was for developing youth-oriented programming.",
    "572747dd5951b619008f87ac": ".",
    "572748745951b619008f87b1": "In the spring of 1975",
    "572748745951b619008f87b2": ",",
    "572748745951b619008f87b3": "In 1974, ABC premiered the detective series S.W.A.T. Th",
    "572748745951b619008f87b4": "ich debuted on November 3, 1975.",
    "5727492f708984140094dbb5": "who left ABC in 1978 to become president of NBC's entertainment division.",
    "5727492f708984140094dbb6": ".",
    "5727492f708984140094dbb7": "Charlie's Angels and Three's Company (which debuted in 1977) were two prime ex",
    "572749d7dd62a815002e9a90": "Alex Haley novel that was published the previous year;",
    "572749d7dd62a815002e9a91": "The Love Boat, a comedy-drama anthology series produced by Aaron Spelling wh",
    "572749d7dd62a815002e9a92": ".",
    "572749d7dd62a815002e9a93": "1976\u201377 season.",
    "572749d7dd62a815002e9a94": ";",
    "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b4": "In 1977, Roone Arledge",
    "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b5": "In 1977",
    "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b6": ".",
    "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b7": ".",
    "57274baff1498d1400e8f5dc": "In June 1978, Arledge created the newsmagazine 20/20;",
    "57274baff1498d1400e8f5dd": "Walters)",
    "57274baff1498d1400e8f5de": "later paired alongside his former Today colleague Barbara Walters)",
    "57274baff1498d1400e8f5df": "In February 1979,",
    "57274cac708984140094dbdd": "In order",
    "57274cac708984140094dbde": "ABC would reattempt such a concept in July 2004",
    "57274cac708984140094dbdf": "On August 29, 1994, ABC purchased Flint",
    "57274cac708984140094dbe0": "On August 29, 1994, ABC purchased Flint",
    "57274d905951b619008f87e1": "The Writers Guild of America",
    "57274d905951b619008f87e2": "One of the network's strike-replacement programs during that time was the game show Duel",
    "57274d905951b619008f87e3": "On August 15, 2008, Disney denied rumors started by Caris & Co. that",
    "57274e6a5951b619008f87f1": "In early 2009",
    "57274e6a5951b619008f87f2": "ich would be responsible for both its production and broadcasting operations.",
    "57274e6a5951b619008f87f3": "it would rebrand ABC Radio as Citadel Media;",
    "57274e6a5951b619008f87f4": "available for purchase on iTunes.",
    "57274f07708984140094dbed": ".",
    "57274f07708984140094dbee": "its debut in 2004.",
    "57274f07708984140094dbef": "Ugly Betty collapsed dramatically after it was moved to Fridays",
    "57274f07708984140094dbf0": "an attempt to boost ratings by moving the",
    "5727504b5951b619008f881d": "When the FCC imposed its fin-syn rules in 1970,",
    "5727504b5951b619008f881e": "Worldvision Enterprises",
    "5727504b5951b619008f881f": ".",
    "5727504b5951b619008f8820": "Nonet",
    "57275273dd62a815002e9b16": ".",
    "57275273dd62a815002e9b17": ".",
    "57275273dd62a815002e9b18": ".",
    "57275273dd62a815002e9b19": "the Selmur Productions catalog that",
    "57275339dd62a815002e9b28": "the first two stations to carry the network's programming.",
    "57275339dd62a815002e9b29": ".",
    "57275339dd62a815002e9b2a": "Since its inception, ABC has had many affiliated stations",
    "57275339dd62a815002e9b2b": "set).",
    "572754b5dd62a815002e9b44": "When the ABC-UPT merger was finalized in 1953,",
    "572754b5dd62a815002e9b45": "When the ABC-UPT merger was finalized in 1953,",
    "572754b5dd62a815002e9b46": "A\".",
    "57275573708984140094dc45": ".",
    "57275573708984140094dc46": "Wi",
    "57275573708984140094dc47": "All of the network's programming has been presented in HD since January 2012",
    "57275573708984140094dc48": "was the first children's program block on any U.S. broadcast network",
    "57275650708984140094dc5f": "the native resolution format for The Walt Disney Company's U.S. television properties.",
    "57275650708984140094dc60": ".",
    "57275650708984140094dc61": ".",
    "57275650708984140094dc62": "the native resolution format for The Walt Disney Company's U.S. television properties.",
    "57275743f1498d1400e8f680": "being the only one that was renewed for a second season.",
    "57275743f1498d1400e8f681": "being the only one that was renewed for a second season.",
    "57275743f1498d1400e8f682": "year.",
    "57275743f1498d1400e8f683": "Body of Proof",
    "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b6": "ABC canceled the long-running soap operas All My Children and One Life to Live after 41",
    "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b7": "All My Children and One Life to Live",
    "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b8": "All My Children and One Life to Live after 41 and 43 years on the air,",
    "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b9": "The talk/lifestyle show that replaced One Life to Live,",
    "5727590df1498d1400e8f6ba": "The 2011\u201312 season saw ABC drop to fourth place in the 18\u201349 demographic des",
    "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6ca": "NBC",
    "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cb": "BC, which had lagged behind ABC for eight years",
    "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cc": "demographics.",
    "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cd": "being bookended by Last Man Standing and Shark Tank) and Suburgatory.",
    "57275a505951b619008f889f": "that anchored the network's revamped Wednesday comedy lineup",
    "57275a505951b619008f88a0": "Shark Tank (based on the Dragon's Den reality format",
    "57275a505951b619008f88a1": "Sundays in the spring of 2010;",
    "57275a505951b619008f88a2": "2000.",
    "57275bfb708984140094dc97": "Daniel Burke departed from Capital Cities/ABC in February 1994",
    "57275bfb708984140094dc98": "with Thomas Murphy taking over as president before ceding control to Robert Iger.",
    "57275bfb708984140094dc99": "season.",
    "57275bfb708984140094dc9a": "September 1994 saw the debut of NYPD Blue",
    "57275bfb708984140094dc9b": "its first season.",
    "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6da": "In 1993, the FCC repealed the Financial Interest and Syndication Rules",
    "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6db": "Capital Cities/ABC purchased the French animation studio DIC Entertainment;",
    "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6dc": ".",
    "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6dd": "By that year, ABC had a total viewership share of 23.63% of American households,",
    "57275e125951b619008f88d7": "In May 1960, ABC purchased Chicago radio station WLS,",
    "57275e125951b619008f88d8": "On May 9, 1960, WLS launched a new lineup consisting of ABC Radio programming.",
    "57275e125951b619008f88d9": "Toronto, sought the help of ABC to launch the station.",
    "57275e125951b619008f88da": "Leonard Goldenson agreed to acquire a 25% interest in CFTO-TV;",
    "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f4": "On April 29, 1961, ABC debuted Wide World of Sports",
    "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f5": "On April 29, 1961, ABC debuted Wide World of Sports",
    "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f6": "On April 29, 1961, ABC debuted Wide World of Sports",
    "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f7": "ABC purchased Sports Programs, Inc. in",
    "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f706": "In 1965",
    "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f707": "which was a reworking of the blind date concept in wh",
    "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f708": "This was followed up in July 1966 by The Newlywed Game",
    "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f709": "West 66th Street, Goldenson found a new headquarters for ABC in a 44",
    "57276166dd62a815002e9bd8": "of all prime-time television viewership in the U.S.",
    "57276166dd62a815002e9bd9": "an opulent drama",
    "57276166dd62a815002e9bda": "In",
    "57276166dd62a815002e9bdb": "In 1981",
    "5727623a5951b619008f8921": "In 1983, ABC sold KXYZ to the Infinity Broadcasting Corporation.",
    "5727623a5951b619008f8922": "Getty Oil's shares in ESPN",
    "5727623a5951b619008f8923": "That year, ABC and Hearst reached an agreement with RCA to merge ARTS",
    "5727623a5951b619008f8924": "That year, ABC and Hearst reached an agreement with RCA to merge ARTS",
    "572763a8708984140094dcd9": "Thomas S. Murphy delegated his position as president",
    "572763a8708984140094dcda": "his position as president to Daniel B. Burke while remaining ABC's chairman and CEO.",
    "572763a8708984140094dcdb": "Capital Cities/ABC reported revenues of $465 million.",
    "572763a8708984140094dcdc": "In 1990",
    "572763a8708984140094dcdd": "In",
    "572764855951b619008f8951": "The View and The Chew and the soap opera General Hospital",
    "572764855951b619008f8952": "Daytime programming is",
    "572764855951b619008f8953": "ABC News programming includes Good Morning America",
    "572764855951b619008f8954": "Late nights feature the weeknight talk show Jimmy Kimmel Live!.",
    "57276576dd62a815002e9c18": "Currently, New Jersey, Rhode Island and Delaware are the only U.S. states wh",
    "57276576dd62a815002e9c19": "ABC",
    "57276576dd62a815002e9c1a": "In",
    "57276576dd62a815002e9c1b": "D).",
    "57276690708984140094dd01": "by Touchstone Television beginning in 1985",
    "57276690708984140094dd02": "before Touchstone was reorganized as ABC Studios in February 2007.",
    "57276690708984140094dd03": "New York City.",
    "57276690708984140094dd04": "New York City.",
    "5727678e5951b619008f8973": "ABC also owns the Times Square Studios",
    "5727678e5951b619008f8974": ".",
    "5727678e5951b619008f8975": ".",
    "5727678e5951b619008f8976": "ABC News chief anchor and anchor of World News Tonight.",
    "572768d9708984140094dd13": "including a traditional VOD service called ABC on Demand",
    "572768d9708984140094dd14": "Hulu.",
    "572768d9708984140094dd15": ".",
    "572768d9708984140094dd16": "ownership stake in Hulu.",
    "572769e85951b619008f8985": "WATCH ABC, Hulu and ABC on Demand the day after their original broadcast.",
    "572769e85951b619008f8986": "The most recent episodes of the network's shows are usually mad",
    "572769e85951b619008f8987": "fast forwarding of accessed content.",
    "572769e85951b619008f8988": "using an ISP account via an authenticated user login.",
    "57276a8f5951b619008f8995": "LoyalKaspar.",
    "57276a8f5951b619008f8996": "The logo is displayed on-air, online and in print advertising in four variants sh",
    "57276a8f5951b619008f8997": "was also created for use in advertising and other promotional materials.",
    "57276a8f5951b619008f8998": ".",
    "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b2": "However that year, ABC",
    "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b3": "network.",
    "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b4": "Until the All-Channel Receiver Act (passed by Congress in 1961",
    "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b5": "network.",
    "57276d7f708984140094dd3f": "ABC was relegated to secondary status on one or both of the existing stations,",
    "57276d7f708984140094dd40": "Ac",
    "57276d7f708984140094dd41": "before.",
    "57276d7f708984140094dd42": "1960s",
    "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd0": "the Disneyland anthology series was retitled Wal",
    "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd1": "In late 1958",
    "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd2": "The Untouchables in April 1959.",
    "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd3": "debuted The Untouchables in April 1959.",
    "5727705f5951b619008f89f3": "1962 as the first television series to be broadcast in color on the network.",
    "5727705f5951b619008f89f4": ".",
    "5727705f5951b619008f89f5": "To catch up, ABC followed up The Flintstones",
    "5727705f5951b619008f89f6": "the first television series to be broadcast in color on the network.",
    "5727705f5951b619008f89f7": "On April 1, 1963, ABC debuted the soap opera General Hospital",
    "572771a5f1498d1400e8f840": "On December 7, 1965",
    "572771a5f1498d1400e8f841": "The merger was suspended, and",
    "572771a5f1498d1400e8f842": "The merger was suspended, and a complaint was filed by the Department of Justice in July 1967",
    "572771a5f1498d1400e8f843": "the merger was officially canceled after the trial's conclusion on January 1, 1968",
    "57277373dd62a815002e9d24": "contacted Leonard Goldenson about a proposal to merge their respective companies.",
    "57277373dd62a815002e9d25": ".",
    "57277373dd62a815002e9d26": "The remaining $500 million was loaned by Warren Buffett",
    "57277373dd62a815002e9d27": "TV to the E. W. Scripps Company",
    "57277373dd62a815002e9d28": "Due to an FCC ban on same-",
    "572774cf5951b619008f8a51": "The merger between ABC and Capital Cities received federal approval on September 5, 1985.",
    "572774cf5951b619008f8a52": "After the ABC/Capital Cities merger was finalized on January 3, 1986,",
    "572774cf5951b619008f8a53": "Frederick S. Pierce was named president of ABC's broadcasting division;",
    "572774cf5951b619008f8a54": "Michael P. Millardi became vice president of ABC Broadcasting, and",
    "572774cf5951b619008f8a55": "and Roone Arledge became president of ABC News and ABC Sports.",
    "57277585708984140094de2b": "Laverne & Shirley ended its run in 1983",
    "57277585708984140094de2c": ".",
    "57277585708984140094de2d": "NBC had regained the ratings lead among the Big Three networks in 1984",
    "57277585708984140094de2e": "1986.",
    "57277585708984140094de2f": "1984 on the success of series such as The Cosby Show, Cheers and Miami Vice.",
    "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c4": ")",
    "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c5": ".",
    "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c6": "Miller-Boyett Productions",
    "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c7": "Many of the series",
    "572776e85951b619008f8a7f": "In 1968",
    "572776e85951b619008f8a80": "the Ralph Nelson-directed Charly.",
    "572776e85951b619008f8a81": "the Ralph Nelson-directed Charly.",
    "572776e85951b619008f8a82": "It was renamed ABC Motion Pictures in 1979; the unit was dissolved in 1985. The",
    "572776e85951b619008f8a83": "In July 1968, ABC",
    "5727780a5951b619008f8a9d": "It was not until the late 1950s that",
    "5727780a5951b619008f8a9e": "Despite an almost 500% increase in advertising revenues between 1953 and 1958,",
    "5727780a5951b619008f8a9f": "the network only had a national reach of between 10% and",
    "5727780a5951b619008f8aa0": "In 1957, ABC Entertainment president Ollie Treiz dis",
    "5727780a5951b619008f8aa1": "In 1957, ABC Entertainment president Ollie Treiz dis",
    "57277944f1498d1400e8f90a": "Goldenson give the network a continuum between film and television.",
    "57277944f1498d1400e8f90b": "1959.",
    "57277944f1498d1400e8f90c": ".",
    "57277944f1498d1400e8f90d": "1959.",
    "57277af2708984140094dec3": "In May 2013, ABC launched \"WATCH ABC",
    "57277af2708984140094dec4": "New",
    "57277af2708984140094dec5": "Hearst Television al",
    "57277af2708984140094dec6": "New",
    "57277bfc708984140094ded9": "The Sinclair Broadcast Group",
    "57277bfc708984140094deda": "WABM-DT2/WDBB-DT2 in the Birmingham market,",
    "57277bfc708984140094dedb": "The E. W. Scripps Company",
    "57277bfc708984140094dedc": "28 ABC affiliates and two additional subchannel-only affiliates;",
    "57277bfc708984140094dedd": "The",
    "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e76": ".",
    "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e77": "On June 16, 2007",
    "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e78": "Red ribbons were used to represent the entertainment division, wh",
    "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e79": "blue ribbons were used for ABC News.",
    "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea4": "The network",
    "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea5": "10).",
    "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea6": "Michigan (",
    "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea7": "WTSP was Tampa's primary ABC affiliate prior to 1994,",
    "57269e8a5951b619008f77f5": "After founding the Mongol Empire and being proclaimed \"Genghis Khan\",",
    "57269e8a5951b619008f77f6": "he started the Mongol invasions that resulted in the conquest of most of Eurasia.",
    "57269e8a5951b619008f77f7": "These campaigns were often accompanied by whole",
    "57269e8a5951b619008f77f8": ".",
    "57269e8a5951b619008f77f9": "He came to power by uniting many of the nomadic tribes of Northeast Asia.",
    "5726a00d708984140094cc25": "he assigned \u00d6gedei Khan as his successor",
    "5726a00d708984140094cc26": "Before Genghis Khan died",
    "5726a00d708984140094cc27": ".",
    "5726a00d708984140094cc28": "among his sons and grandsons.",
    "5726a00d708984140094cc29": ".",
    "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e578": "Tem\u00fcjin",
    "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e579": "He was the second-oldest son of his father Yes\u00fcgei,",
    "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e57a": "Tem\u00fcjin was",
    "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e57b": "According to the Secret History, Tem\u00fcjin was named af",
    "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbc": "Tem\u00fcjin",
    "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbd": "Tem",
    "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbe": "His",
    "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbf": "at nine years of age he",
    "5726a340dd62a815002e8bc0": "he was delivered by",
    "5726a4a9708984140094ccb7": "Beg",
    "5726a4a9708984140094ccb8": "Begter",
    "5726a4a9708984140094ccb9": "Begter, Temujin's older half-brother",
    "5726a4a9708984140094ccba": "Begter, Temujin's older half-brother",
    "5726a5f65951b619008f7903": "the Tayichi'ud.",
    "5726a5f65951b619008f7904": "the Tayichi'ud.",
    "5726a5f65951b619008f7905": "Tem\u00fcjin's reputation also became widespread after his escape from the Tayichi'u",
    "5726a5f65951b619008f7906": "Tem",
    "5726a5f65951b619008f7907": "Tem\u00fcjin's reputation also became widespread after his escape from the Tayichi'u",
    "5726a784708984140094ccff": "At this time, none of the tribal confederations of Mongolia",
    "5726a784708984140094cd00": "the unstable political climate of Mongolia, especially the need for alliances.",
    "5726a784708984140094cd01": "Tem\u00fcjin",
    "5726a784708984140094cd02": "Tem\u00fcjin",
    "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c34": "was around 16 in order to cement alliances between their respective tribes.",
    "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c35": "she was kidnapped by the Merkits and reportedly given away as a wife.",
    "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c36": "she was kidnapped by the Merkits and reportedly given away as a wife.",
    "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c37": "she was kidnapped by the Merkits and reportedly given away as a wife.",
    "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c38": ".",
    "5726a9ed5951b619008f7969": "Genghis Khan.",
    "5726a9ed5951b619008f796a": "Genghis Khan.",
    "5726a9ed5951b619008f796b": "(1190\u20131232)",
    "5726a9ed5951b619008f796c": "born to the consorts of Genghis Khan.",
    "5726a9ed5951b619008f796d": "The names of at least six daughters are known,",
    "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a2": "him in 1197.",
    "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a3": "when B\u00f6rte was captured by the Merkits.",
    "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a4": "the Jadaran.",
    "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a5": "Tem\u00fcjin",
    "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a6": "Toghrul offered his vassal 20,000 of his Keraite warriors and suggested that he al",
    "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6ca": "In 1187,",
    "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cb": "began rising to power.",
    "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cc": "In 1186, Tem\u00fcjin was elected khan of the Mongols.",
    "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cd": "Jamukha hor",
    "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6ce": "Toghrul, as Tem\u00fcjin's patron, was exiled to the Qara Khitai.",
    "5726ae32708984140094cdab": ".",
    "5726ae32708984140094cdac": "As an incentive for absolute obedience",
    "5726ae32708984140094cdad": "He would even have his mother adopt orphans from the conquered tribe,",
    "5726ae32708984140094cdae": "making Tem\u00fcjin stronger with each victory.",
    "5726af765951b619008f7a51": "Toghrul's refusal to give his daughter in marriage to Jochi",
    "5726af765951b619008f7a52": "Toghrul and Tem\u00fcjin was Toghrul's refusal to give his daughter in marriage to Jochi",
    "5726af765951b619008f7a53": "This act led to the split between both factions and was a prelude to war.",
    "5726af765951b619008f7a54": "eat.",
    "5726b0985951b619008f7a91": "After several battles, Jamukha was finally turned over to Tem\u00fcjin by his own men in 1206.",
    "5726b0985951b619008f7a92": "G\u00fcr Khan, \"universal ruler\", a title used by the rulers of the Qara Khitai.",
    "5726b0985951b619008f7a93": "a title used by the rulers of the Qara Khitai.",
    "5726b0985951b619008f7a94": "Jelme's well-known younger brother.",
    "5726b0985951b619008f7a95": "although enough sectors again voluntarily sided with Tem\u00fcjin.",
    "5726b1d95951b619008f7acd": "Jamukha ref",
    "5726b1d95951b619008f7ace": "Tem\u00fcjin had killed the men who betrayed Jamukha,",
    "5726b1d95951b619008f7acf": "alive.",
    "5726b1d95951b619008f7ad0": "alive.",
    "5726b879708984140094cf01": "He se",
    "5726b879708984140094cf02": "He was also ruthless, demonstrated by his tactic of measuring against the linchpin,",
    "5726b879708984140094cf03": "was allegedly trying to drive a wedge between him and his loyal brother Khasar.",
    "5726b879708984140094cf04": "His military strategies showed a deep interest in gathering",
    "5726b879708984140094cf05": "wh",
    "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf1": "monumental feat for the \"Mongols\" (as they became known collectively).",
    "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf2": "It was a monumental feat for the \"Mongols\"",
    "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf3": "The title Khagan was",
    "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf4": "The title Khagan was",
    "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf5": "As a result, by 1206",
    "5726bb645951b619008f7c3b": "Genghis Khan planned again to conquer the Jin dynasty.",
    "5726bb645951b619008f7c3c": "that the Jin army was waiting on the other side of the pass.",
    "5726bb645951b619008f7c3d": "Genghis besieged, captured, and sacked the Jin capital of Zhongdu (",
    "5726bb645951b619008f7c3e": "In",
    "5726bb645951b619008f7c3f": "The Jin dynasty collapsed in 1234, after the siege of Caizhou.",
    "5726bd655951b619008f7c9f": "Tem\u00fcjin defeated and folded into his Mongol Empire",
    "5726bd655951b619008f7ca0": "as it was originally established as remnants of the Liao dynasty).",
    "5726bd655951b619008f7ca1": "Genghis Khan decided to conquer the Qara Khitai and defeat Kuchlug",
    "5726bd655951b619008f7ca2": "Genghis Khan decided to conquer the Qara Khitai and defeat Kuchlug",
    "5726bd655951b619008f7ca3": "known as \"The Arrow\".",
    "5726bf135951b619008f7ce9": "Kuchlug fled again, but was soon hunted down by Jebe's army and executed.",
    "5726bf135951b619008f7cea": "Kuchlug fled again, but was soon hunted down by Jebe's army and executed.",
    "5726bf135951b619008f7ceb": "By 1218",
    "5726bf135951b619008f7cec": "By 1218, as",
    "5726bf135951b619008f7ced": "which bordered the Khwarezmia (Khwarezmid Empire),",
    "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f76": "the Khwarazmian dynasty was governed by Shah Ala ad-Din Muhammad.",
    "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f77": "This was seen as an affront and insult to Genghis Khan.",
    "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f78": "The",
    "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f79": "t out to Khwarezmia.",
    "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f7a": "Genghis Khan saw the potential advantage in Khwarezmia",
    "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa6": ".",
    "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa7": "His son Jochi led the first division into the northeast of Khwarezmia.",
    "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa8": "His son Jochi led the first division into the northeast of Khwarezmia.",
    "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa9": ".",
    "5726c20fdd62a815002e8faa": "which was divided into three groups.",
    "5726c3b3708984140094d0cf": ".",
    "5726c3b3708984140094d0d0": "Genghis Khan ordered the wholesale massacre of many of the civilians,",
    "5726c3b3708984140094d0d1": "by pouring molten silver into his ears and eyes, as retribution for his actions.",
    "5726c3b3708984140094d0d2": "The Shah died under mysterious circumstances on a small island within his empire.",
    "5726c3b3708984140094d0d3": "The Shah died under mysterious circumstances on a small island within his empire.",
    "5726c4c8708984140094d0f5": "the remnants of the Khwarezmid Empire",
    "5726c4c8708984140094d0f6": "After the capital Samarkand fell, the capital was moved to Bukhara",
    "5726c4c8708984140094d0f7": "According to legend",
    "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae2": "The Mongols attacked Samarkand using captured enemies as body shields.",
    "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae3": ".",
    "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae4": "The people of Samarkand were ordered to evacuate and assemble in a plain outside the",
    "5726c7a85951b619008f7ddd": "The city leaders op",
    "5726c7a85951b619008f7dde": ".",
    "5726c7a85951b619008f7ddf": "Survivor",
    "5726c7a85951b619008f7de0": "Gen",
    "5726c7a85951b619008f7de1": "who had not fought were drafted into the Mongolian army",
    "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9046": "Genghis Khan led the main army",
    "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9047": "Under the suggestion of Subutai, the Mongol army was split into two forces.",
    "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9048": "Under the suggestion of Subutai, the Mongol army was split into two forces.",
    "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9049": "At the Battle of Kalka River in 1223, Subutai's forces defeated the larger Kievan force",
    "5726c9b0dd62a815002e904a": "Kievan Rus' troops led by Mstislav the Bold of Halych and Mstislav III of Kiev",
    "57272bcb5951b619008f8683": "1240.",
    "57272bcb5951b619008f8684": "The Mongols learned from captives of the abundant green pastures beyond the Bulgar territory",
    "57272bcb5951b619008f8685": "These invasions added Transoxiana and Persia to an already formidable empire wh",
    "57272bcb5951b619008f8686": "In 1225 both divisions returned to Mongolia.",
    "57272bcb5951b619008f8687": "Jebe died on the road back to Samarkand.",
    "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43a": "Genghis Khan began a retaliatory attack on the Tanguts.",
    "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43b": "According to legen",
    "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43c": "One of the Tangut generals challenged the Mongols to a battle near Helan Mountains but",
    "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43d": "defeating the Tangut relief army.",
    "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43e": "it as an omen of his victory.",
    "57272dd55951b619008f8697": "the Tangut capital of Ning Hia and",
    "57272dd55951b619008f8698": ".",
    "57272dd55951b619008f8699": "Ma Jianlong later died from wounds received from arrows in battle.",
    "57272dd55951b619008f869a": "Genghis Khan, after conquering Deshun,",
    "57272dd55951b619008f869b": "Gen",
    "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f44e": "The long running paternity discussion about Genghis' oldest son Jochi",
    "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f44f": "Jochi as Genghis Khan's successor.",
    "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f450": "the issue over Jochi's paternity was voiced most strongly by Chagatai.",
    "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f451": "The succession of Genghis Khan",
    "57272ff2708984140094dabd": "He therefore decided",
    "57272ff2708984140094dabe": ".",
    "57272ff2708984140094dabf": "Tol",
    "57272ff2708984140094dac0": "one of his sons as his successor.",
    "5727311d5951b619008f86ab": "Jochi remained in Khorasan.",
    "5727311d5951b619008f86ac": "Rashid al-Din reports that the great Khan sent for his sons in the spring of 1223,",
    "5727311d5951b619008f86ad": "while his brothers heeded the order, Jochi remained in Khorasan.",
    "5727311d5951b619008f86ae": "Genghis Khan is mad to have massacred so many people and laid waste so many lands.",
    "5727311d5951b619008f86af": "\"",
    "57273249f1498d1400e8f46a": "He was already old and tired from his journeys.",
    "57273249f1498d1400e8f46b": "He was already old and tired from his journeys.",
    "57273249f1498d1400e8f46c": "Oirads.",
    "57273249f1498d1400e8f46d": "Later Mongol chronicles connect Genghis' death with a Western Xia princess tak",
    "57273249f1498d1400e8f46e": ".",
    "572732f8f1498d1400e8f474": "according to the customs of his tribe.",
    "572732f8f1498d1400e8f475": "Years before his death",
    "572732f8f1498d1400e8f476": ".",
    "572732f8f1498d1400e8f477": "The Genghis Khan Mausoleum,",
    "57273455f1498d1400e8f48c": "In 1939 Chinese Nationalist soldiers",
    "57273455f1498d1400e8f48d": ".",
    "57273455f1498d1400e8f48e": ".",
    "57273455f1498d1400e8f48f": ".",
    "57273455f1498d1400e8f490": "In 1968 during the Cultural Revolution,",
    "57273581708984140094daeb": "Genghis Khan's palace in rural Mongolia",
    "57273581708984140094daec": "what is believed to be Genghis Khan's palace in rural Mongolia",
    "57273581708984140094daed": "Folklore says that a river was diverted over his grave to make it impossible to find",
    "57273581708984140094daee": "Other tales state that his grave was stampeded over by many horses,",
    "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b5": ".",
    "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b4": ".",
    "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b6": "The",
    "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b7": "The exception was the role of Genghis Khan and his family.",
    "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b8": "The",
    "57273887dd62a815002e99a2": ".",
    "57273887dd62a815002e99a3": ".",
    "57273887dd62a815002e99a4": "that religion was a personal concept, and not subject to law or interference.",
    "57273887dd62a815002e99a5": "Various Mongol tribes were Shamanist, Buddhist or Christian.",
    "572739a75951b619008f86f7": "en next male Khagan was being chosen. Modern",
    "572739a75951b619008f86f8": "as the Chinese.",
    "572739a75951b619008f86f9": "as the Chinese.",
    "572739a75951b619008f86fa": "Genghis Khan attempted to create a civil state under the Great Yassa that",
    "57273b1a5951b619008f8709": "became a confidant of the successive Mongol Khans.",
    "57273b1a5951b619008f870a": "who could govern cities and states conquered by him.",
    "57273b1a5951b619008f870b": "Jin dynasty was defeated.",
    "57273b1a5951b619008f870c": "that he had avenged Chu'Tsai's forefathers.",
    "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e2": "Genghis Khan put",
    "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e3": "when they embarked on campaigns far from the Mongol Empire capital Karakorum.",
    "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e4": "was given command of the Mongol forces against the Jin dynasty while Genghis Khan was",
    "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e5": "the Great Raid into the Caucasus and Kievan Rus',",
    "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e6": "While granting his generals a great deal of autonomy in making command decisions,",
    "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f6": "The Mongol military",
    "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f7": "The Mongol military was also successful in siege warfare",
    "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f8": "the larger group and defended position for ambush and counterattack.",
    "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f9": "The Mongol military was also successful in siege warfare,",
    "57273dccdd62a815002e99fa": "Genghis Khan did not conquer all the areas ultimately part of the Mongol Empire.",
    "57273dccdd62a815002e99fb": "Genghis Khan did not conquer all the areas ultimately part of the Mongol Empire.",
    "57273dccdd62a815002e99fc": ".",
    "57273dccdd62a815002e99fd": "and that concluded with the Mongols gaining control of all of China.",
    "57273eecf1498d1400e8f51e": "the Silk Road under one cohesive political environment.",
    "57273eecf1498d1400e8f51f": "it is popular for male children to carry his title as name.",
    "57273eecf1498d1400e8f520": "was tolerant of religions and explained his policies clearly to all his soldiers.",
    "57273eecf1498d1400e8f521": "This allowed increased communication and trade between the West, Middle East and Asia",
    "5727404b708984140094db59": "However, there is a chasm in the perception of his brutality.",
    "5727404b708984140094db5a": "Genghis Khan became one of the central figures of the national identity.",
    "5727404b708984140094db5b": "Genghis Khan and",
    "5727404b708984140094db5c": "that his butchery is exaggerated, while his positive role is underrated.",
    "5727404b708984140094db5d": "Genghis Khan became one of the central figures of the national identity.",
    "57274126dd62a815002e9a24": ".",
    "57274126dd62a815002e9a25": "\u20ae).",
    "57274126dd62a815002e9a26": ".",
    "57274126dd62a815002e9a27": "use of his name and image to avoid trivialization.",
    "57274126dd62a815002e9a28": "near Ulaanbaatar.",
    "5727515af1498d1400e8f63a": "the first written Mongolian law.",
    "5727515af1498d1400e8f63b": "Pres",
    "5727515af1498d1400e8f63c": "He",
    "5727515af1498d1400e8f63d": "(Genghis Khan)",
    "57275250708984140094dc25": "There are conflicting views of Genghis Khan in the People's Republic of China",
    "57275250708984140094dc26": "with some viewing him positively in the Inner Mongolia region",
    "57275250708984140094dc27": "While",
    "57275250708984140094dc28": "The",
    "57275250708984140094dc29": "Wh",
    "572753af708984140094dc2f": "wh",
    "572753af708984140094dc30": "o caused enormous damage and destruction to the population of these areas.",
    "572753af708984140094dc31": "Som",
    "572754cd5951b619008f8863": "an, a grandson of Genghis Khan, launched an invasion into Kievan Rus'.",
    "572754cd5951b619008f8864": "The invasions of Baghdad,",
    "572754cd5951b619008f8865": "Ac",
    "572754cd5951b619008f8866": "In 1237 Batu Khan,",
    "572754cd5951b619008f8867": "the major cities of Eastern Europe with the exceptions of Novgorod and Pskov.",
    "572756715951b619008f8877": "Although",
    "572756715951b619008f8878": "Mughal emperors were proud descendants of Genghis Khan and particularly Timur,",
    "572756715951b619008f8879": "Attar of Nishapur and many other notable Muslims.",
    "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69a": "However, it seems that if they had meant to call Genghis ten",
    "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69b": "Lake Baikal and ocean were called tenggis by the Mongols.",
    "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69c": ".",
    "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69d": ".",
    "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69e": "It",
    "572758c3dd62a815002e9b78": "Genghis Khan",
    "572758c3dd62a815002e9b79": "Turkic",
    "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7a": "Tem\u00fcjin is",
    "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7b": "guages such as Mongolian Chinggis Khaan,",
    "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7c": "Genghis Khan",
    "5726d8bd708984140094d35b": "The word pharmacy is derived from its root word pharma wh",
    "5726d8bd708984140094d35c": "The pharma (",
    "5726d8bd708984140094d35d": "However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos imply sorcery or even poison.",
    "5726d8bd708984140094d35e": "were on offer to a large extent.",
    "5726d8bd708984140094d35f": "which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries.",
    "5726d9935951b619008f7fed": "Pharmacists are healthcare professionals with specialised education and training wh",
    "5726d9935951b619008f7fee": "health outcomes for their patients through the quality use of medicines.",
    "5726d9935951b619008f7fef": ".",
    "5726d9935951b619008f7ff0": "they play an important role in optimisation of a drug treatment for an individual.",
    "5726d9935951b619008f7ff1": ".",
    "5726da89dd62a815002e92b2": ".",
    "5726da89dd62a815002e92b3": "A",
    "5726da89dd62a815002e92b4": ".",
    "5726da89dd62a815002e92b5": "A Pharmacy Technician in the UK is considered a health care professional",
    "5726da89dd62a815002e92b6": "A",
    "5726db5add62a815002e92d5": ".",
    "5726db5add62a815002e92d6": ".",
    "5726db5add62a815002e92d7": ".",
    "5726db5add62a815002e92d4": "was one of several men studying the medicinal properties of plants.",
    "5726db5add62a815002e92d8": "The Greek physician Pedanius Dioscorides",
    "5726dcbddd62a815002e9320": "the men who fulfilled roles similar to those of modern pharmacists",
    "5726dcbddd62a815002e9321": ".",
    "5726dcbddd62a815002e9322": ".",
    "5726dcbddd62a815002e9323": "Ranked positions in the pre-Heian Imperial court were established;",
    "5726dcbddd62a815002e9324": "the pharmacist was even ranked above the two personal physicians of the Emperor.",
    "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee04": "led medicine in medieval Islam substantially to develop pharmacology.",
    "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee05": "the medical uses of chemical compounds.",
    "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee06": "His Liber servitoris is",
    "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee08": "He also describes the distillation of sea-water for drinking",
    "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee07": "which were compounded the complex drugs then generally used.",
    "5726deed5951b619008f80c5": "dating from at least 1422.",
    "5726deed5951b619008f80c6": "The",
    "5726deed5951b619008f80c7": ".",
    "5726deed5951b619008f80c8": ".",
    "5726deed5951b619008f80c9": "The oldest is claimed to have been set up in 1221",
    "5726e08e5951b619008f810f": "In most countries, the dispensary is subject to pharmacy legislation;",
    "5726e08e5951b619008f8110": ".",
    "5726e08e5951b619008f8111": ".",
    "5726e08e5951b619008f8112": ".",
    "5726e08e5951b619008f8113": "Where it",
    "5726e179dd62a815002e93ae": "a.",
    "5726e179dd62a815002e93af": "Those pharmacists are",
    "5726e179dd62a815002e93b0": ".",
    "5726e179dd62a815002e93b1": ".",
    "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb2": "Hospital pharmacies can often be found within the premises of the hospital.",
    "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb3": "Most hospital medications are unit-dose, or a single dose of medicine.",
    "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb4": "Hospital pharmacies can",
    "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb5": "make it imperative that hospital pharmacies perform at the highest level possible.",
    "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb6": "Hospital pharmacies can often be found within the premises of the hospital.",
    "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9404": ".",
    "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9405": "the clinical pharmacy movement initially began inside hospitals and clinics.",
    "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9406": "Clin",
    "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9407": "They often participate in patient care rounds drug product selection.",
    "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9408": "Clin",
    "5726e5c95951b619008f81cb": ".",
    "5726e5c95951b619008f81cc": "prior to dispensing and administration to the patient.",
    "5726e5c95951b619008f81cd": ".",
    "5726e5c95951b619008f81ce": "The pharmacist must",
    "5726e985dd62a815002e94da": ".",
    "5726e985dd62a815002e94db": ".",
    "5726e985dd62a815002e94dc": ".",
    "5726e985dd62a815002e94dd": "CP.",
    "5726e985dd62a815002e94de": ".",
    "5726ea985951b619008f8261": "Con",
    "5726ea985951b619008f8262": "Consultant",
    "5726ea985951b619008f8263": ".",
    "5726ea985951b619008f8264": "This trend may be gradually reversing as consultant pharmacists begin to work",
    "5726ea985951b619008f8265": "Som",
    "5726eb4b5951b619008f826b": "a growing number of Internet pharmacies have been established worldwide.",
    "5726eb4b5951b619008f826c": "a growing number of Internet pharmacies have been established worldwide.",
    "5726eb4b5951b619008f826d": "Internet pharmacies (also known as online pharmacies) are also recommen",
    "5726eb4b5951b619008f826e": "Internet",
    "5726eb4b5951b619008f826f": "The primary difference is",
    "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00c": "Many customers order drugs from such pharmacies to",
    "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00d": "However",
    "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00e": "While most Internet pharmacies sell prescription drugs and require a valid prescription,",
    "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00f": "some Internet pharmacies sell prescription drugs without requiring a prescription.",
    "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f010": "While most Internet pharmacies sell prescription drugs and require a valid prescription,",
    "5726edecdd62a815002e957e": "Of particular concern with Internet pharmacies",
    "5726edecdd62a815002e957f": "it",
    "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05e": "Of particular concern with Internet pharmacies",
    "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05f": "it",
    "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f060": "The filling pharmacy has a corresponding responsibility to ensure that the prescription is",
    "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f061": "individual state laws out",
    "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f062": "for a controlled substance to a \"patient\" s/he has never met.",
    "5726f0e35951b619008f82f7": "In the United States, there has been a push to legalize importation of medications from Canada",
    "5726f0e35951b619008f82f8": ".",
    "5726f0e35951b619008f82f9": "While",
    "5726f0e35951b619008f82fa": "has ever been charged by authorities.",
    "5726f0e35951b619008f82fb": "In the United States",
    "5726f2375951b619008f830f": "s.",
    "5726f2375951b619008f8310": ".",
    "5726f2375951b619008f8311": ".",
    "5726f2375951b619008f8312": ".",
    "5726f2375951b619008f8313": ".",
    "5726f36cdd62a815002e95fe": ".",
    "5726f36cdd62a815002e95ff": "approved medications in 2013 being specialty drugs.",
    "5726f36cdd62a815002e9600": ".",
    "5726f36cdd62a815002e9601": ".",
    "5726f36cdd62a815002e9602": "In addition to supplying these drugs, specialty pharmacies also provide",
    "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0da": ".",
    "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0db": "e.",
    "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dc": "However",
    "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dd": "How",
    "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0de": "s.",
    "5726f635dd62a815002e9657": ".",
    "5726f635dd62a815002e9656": "In some rural areas in the United Kingdom, there are dispensing physicians wh",
    "5726f635dd62a815002e9658": ".",
    "5726f635dd62a815002e9659": ".",
    "5726f7715951b619008f838d": "The reason for the majority rule",
    "5726f7715951b619008f838e": "s.",
    "5726f7715951b619008f838f": "s.",
    "5726f7715951b619008f8391": "Otherwise, the physician has a financial self-interest in",
    "5726f7715951b619008f8390": "Such self-interest directly conflicts with the patient's interest in",
    "5726f868dd62a815002e9684": ".",
    "5726f868dd62a815002e9685": "health care system.",
    "5726f868dd62a815002e9686": "In particular, Medication Therapy Management (MTM) inc",
    "5726f868dd62a815002e9687": "the clinical services that pharmacists can provide for their patients.",
    "5726f868dd62a815002e9688": "In particular, Medication Therapy Management (MTM) inc",
    "5726f96ddd62a815002e9698": "In Canada",
    "5726f96ddd62a815002e9699": "They are also being paid for by the government for medicine use reviews.",
    "5726f96ddd62a815002e969a": "They are also being paid for by the government for medicine use reviews.",
    "5726f96ddd62a815002e969b": "In",
    "5726f96ddd62a815002e969c": ".",
    "5726fa525951b619008f83f7": "which is often written as \"Rx\" in typed text.",
    "5726fa525951b619008f83f8": "The show globe was also used until the early 20th century.",
    "5726fa525951b619008f83f9": "Pharmacy organizations often use other symbols, such as the Bowl of Hygieia wh",
    "5726fa525951b619008f83fa": ".",
    "5726fa525951b619008f83fb": "the green Greek cross in France",
    "5726e65e708984140094d53d": ".",
    "5726e65e708984140094d53e": "disease.",
    "5726e65e708984140094d53f": ".",
    "5726e65e708984140094d540": "the peripheral immune system from the neuroimmune system which protects the brain.",
    "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efda": ".",
    "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efdb": "disease.",
    "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efdc": ".",
    "5728eff82ca10214002daadc": ".",
    "5728eff82ca10214002daadd": "known as pathogens",
    "5728eff82ca10214002daade": "the peripheral immune system from the neuroimmune system which protects the brain.",
    "5728eff82ca10214002daadf": "the peripheral immune system from the neuroimmune system which protects the brain.",
    "572a14af3f37b319004786c1": "To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents,",
    "572a14af3f37b319004786c3": ".",
    "572a14af3f37b319004786c2": "the brain.",
    "572a14af3f37b319004786c4": "the brain.",
    "5726eb785951b619008f8275": "Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection",
    "5726eb785951b619008f8276": "This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.",
    "5726eb785951b619008f8277": ".",
    "5726eb785951b619008f8278": "This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.",
    "572a135daf94a219006aa79f": ".",
    "572a135daf94a219006aa7a0": "These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins",
    "572a135daf94a219006aa7a1": "This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.",
    "572a135daf94a219006aa7a2": "Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory",
    "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe2": "can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer.",
    "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe3": ".",
    "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe4": ".",
    "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe5": ".",
    "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe6": "Com",
    "5728f2e26aef051400154896": "Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal,",
    "5728f2e26aef051400154897": "y were foreign organisms.",
    "5728f2e26aef051400154898": "Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.",
    "5728f2e26aef051400154899": "acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication.",
    "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f166": "The earliest known reference to immunity was during the plague of Athens in 430 BC.",
    "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f167": "In the 18th century",
    "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f168": "Pas",
    "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f169": "with the discovery of the yellow fever virus by Walter Reed.",
    "5728f3724b864d1900165116": "that microorganisms were confirmed as the cause of infectious disease.",
    "5728f3724b864d1900165117": "that microorganisms were confirmed as the cause of infectious disease.",
    "5728f3724b864d1900165118": "with the discovery of the yellow fever virus by Walter Reed.",
    "5728f3724b864d1900165119": "The earliest known reference to immunity was during the plague of Athens in 430 BC.",
    "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f16e": "each time this pathogen is encountered.",
    "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f16f": "which is activated by the innate response.",
    "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f170": "If pathogens successfully evade the innate response",
    "5728f6446aef0514001548e4": "Innate immune systems are found in all plants and animals.",
    "5728f6446aef0514001548e5": "which is activated by the innate response.",
    "5728f6446aef0514001548e6": "each time this pathogen is encountered.",
    "5728f6446aef0514001548e7": ".",
    "5728f7774b864d190016512e": "the immune system to distinguish between self and non-self molecules.",
    "5728f7774b864d190016512f": ".",
    "5728f7774b864d1900165130": "molecules.",
    "5728f7774b864d1900165131": "One class of non-self molecules are called antigens (short for antibody generators)",
    "5728f7774b864d1900165132": "substances that bind to specific immune receptors and elicit an immune response.",
    "5728f9882ca10214002dab5a": "The innate response is usually triggered wh",
    "5728f9882ca10214002dab5b": "The innate immune system is the dominant system of host defense in most organisms.",
    "5728f9882ca10214002dab5c": "microorganisms,",
    "5728f9882ca10214002dab5d": "Inn",
    "5728fb002ca10214002dab6a": "The waxy cuticle of many leaves, the exoskeleton of insects",
    "5728fb002ca10214002dab6b": "are examples of mechanical barriers that are the first line of defense against infection.",
    "5728fb002ca10214002dab6c": "In the lungs, coughing and sneezing mechanically eject pathogens and",
    "5728fb002ca10214002dab6d": "The flushing action of tears and urine also mechanically expels pathogens, while muc",
    "5728fb002ca10214002dab6e": "The flushing action of tears",
    "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec7": ".",
    "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec8": "Enzymes such as lysozyme and phospholipase A2 in saliva",
    "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec9": "to kill pathogens.",
    "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9eca": "In",
    "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ecb": "Vaginal secretions serve as a chemical barrier following menarche,",
    "5728fd206aef05140015494c": "Wi",
    "5728fd206aef05140015494d": "However",
    "5728fd206aef05140015494e": "There is good evidence that re-introduction of probiotic flora",
    "5728fd206aef05140015494f": "the conditions in their environment, such as pH or available iron.",
    "572900f73f37b31900477f69": "Inflammation is one of the first responses of the immune system to infection.",
    "572900f73f37b31900477f6a": ".",
    "572900f73f37b31900477f6b": "Inflammation is produced by eicosanoids and cytokines, which are",
    "572900f73f37b31900477f6c": "Eicosanoids include prostaglandins that produce fever and the dilation of blood vessels as",
    "572900f73f37b31900477f6d": "Com",
    "572905ce1d04691400778f83": ".",
    "572905ce1d04691400778f84": ".",
    "572905ce1d04691400778f85": "Once",
    "572905ce1d04691400778f86": ".",
    "572905ce1d04691400778f87": "Phagocytosis evolved as a means of acquiring nutrients, but",
    "5729081d3f37b31900477fab": "Neutrophils and macrophages are",
    "5729081d3f37b31900477fac": "Neutrophils and macrophages are phagocytes that",
    "5729081d3f37b31900477fad": "Neutrophils are normal",
    "5729081d3f37b31900477fae": "the site of inflammation in a process called chemotaxis,",
    "5729081d3f37b31900477faf": "Mac",
    "572908c13f37b31900477fbd": "Leukocytes",
    "572908c13f37b31900477fbe": "are the second arm of the innate immune system.",
    "572908c13f37b31900477fbf": "Innate cells are also important mediators in the activation of the adaptive immune system.",
    "572908c13f37b31900477fc0": "are the second arm of the innate immune system.",
    "5729efab3f37b319004785cf": "Dendritic cells (DC)",
    "5729efab3f37b319004785d0": "They are named for their resemblance to neuronal dendrites,",
    "5729efab3f37b319004785d1": "one of the key cell types of the adaptive immune system.",
    "5729efab3f37b319004785d2": "Dendritic cells",
    "5729f06f1d04691400779674": "Rather",
    "5729f06f1d04691400779673": "ich does not directly attack invading microbes.",
    "5729f06f1d04691400779675": "This term describes cells with low levels of a cell-surface marker called M",
    "5729f06f1d04691400779676": "Tho",
    "5729f12e3f37b319004785e1": "The adaptive immune system evolved in early vertebrates",
    "5729f12e3f37b319004785e2": ".",
    "5729f12e3f37b319004785e3": "tailored to specific pathogens or pathogen-infected cells.",
    "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d3": "the killer T cell and the helper T cell.",
    "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d4": "ich have a role in modulating immune response.",
    "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d5": "Kil",
    "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d6": "Killer T cells only recognize antigens coupled to Class I MHC molecules",
    "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d7": ".",
    "5729f39a6aef05140015514c": "Killer",
    "5729f39a6aef05140015514e": "Recognition of this MHC:antigen complex is",
    "5729f39a6aef05140015514d": "plex with the MHC Class I receptor of another cell.",
    "5729f39a6aef051400155150": "The",
    "5729f39a6aef05140015514f": "Wh",
    "5729f4b41d0469140077968b": ".",
    "5729f4b41d0469140077968c": "eptors (around 200\u2013300) on the helper T cell must be bound by an M",
    "5729f4b41d0469140077968d": "HC:antigen in order to activate the helper cell",
    "5729f4b41d0469140077968e": "The activation of a resting helper T cell causes it to release cytokines that",
    "5729f4b41d0469140077968f": "helper T cell activation causes an upregulation of molecules ex",
    "5729f5a03f37b31900478605": "the characteristics of helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells and NK cells.",
    "5729f5a03f37b31900478606": "The conditions that produce responses from \u03b3\u03b4 T cells are not fully understood.",
    "5729f5a03f37b31900478607": "The conditions that produce responses from \u03b3\u03b4 T cells are not fully understood.",
    "5729f5a03f37b31900478608": ".",
    "5729f5a03f37b31900478609": "For",
    "5729f69caf94a219006aa6f9": "A B",
    "5729f69caf94a219006aa6fa": ".",
    "5729f69caf94a219006aa6fb": "This combination of MHC and antigen attracts a matching helper T cell",
    "5729f799af94a219006aa707": "some of their offspring become long-lived memory cells.",
    "5729f799af94a219006aa708": ".",
    "5729f799af94a219006aa709": ".",
    "5729f799af94a219006aa70a": ".",
    "5729f8516aef05140015516c": "are particularly vulnerable to infection.",
    "5729f8516aef05140015516d": "is transported from mother to baby directly across the placenta,",
    "5729f8516aef05140015516e": ".",
    "5729f8516aef05140015516f": "In medicine,",
    "5729f9953f37b3190047861f": "Hormones can act as immunomodulators, altering the sensitivity of the immune system.",
    "5729f9953f37b31900478620": "known immunostimulators of both adaptive and innate immune responses.",
    "5729f9953f37b31900478621": "Some autoimmune diseases such as lupus erythematosus strike",
    "5729f9953f37b31900478622": "By contrast, male sex hormones such as testosterone seem to be immunosuppressive.",
    "5729fa40af94a219006aa70f": "both T-cell differentiation and our circadian rhythms,",
    "5729fa40af94a219006aa710": ".",
    "5729fa40af94a219006aa711": "Wh",
    "5729fb003f37b31900478627": ".",
    "5729fb003f37b31900478628": "This means that they get less sun and",
    "5729fb003f37b31900478629": "Conversely, some hormones are regulated by the immune system,",
    "5729fb003f37b3190047862a": "Th",
    "5729fc3d1d0469140077969d": "The main response of the immune system to tumors is to destroy the abnormal cells",
    "5729fc3d1d0469140077969e": "ecules on their surface than normal; this is a common phenomenon with tumors.",
    "5729fc3d1d0469140077969f": "Tumor anti",
    "5729fc3d1d046914007796a0": "Sometimes antibodies are",
    "5729fd111d046914007796a5": "plant.",
    "5729fd111d046914007796a6": "Individual plan",
    "5729fd111d046914007796a7": "the spread of the disease to other parts of the plant.",
    "5729fd111d046914007796a8": "the entire plant resistant to a particular infectious agent.",
    "5729fd111d046914007796a9": ".",
    "5729fe5c3f37b3190047862f": ".",
    "5729fe5c3f37b31900478630": ".",
    "5729fe5c3f37b31900478631": ".",
    "5729fe5c3f37b31900478632": "Under normal circumstances, many T cells and antibodies react with \"self\" peptides.",
    "5729fefbaf94a219006aa739": ".",
    "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73a": ".",
    "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73b": "at around 50 years of age due to immunosenescence.",
    "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73c": ".",
    "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73d": "malnutrition is the most common cause of immunodeficiency in developing countries.",
    "5729ffda1d046914007796af": "Active immunity can also be generated artificially, through vaccination.",
    "5729ffda1d046914007796b0": "The principle behind vaccination (also called immunization) is",
    "5729ffda1d046914007796b1": "The principle behind vaccination",
    "5729ffda1d046914007796b2": ".",
    "572a019f3f37b31900478643": "These proteins are often used to shut down host defenses.",
    "572a019f3f37b31900478644": "providing a direct route for proteins to move from the pathogen to the host.",
    "572a019f3f37b31900478645": "These proteins are often used to shut down host defenses.",
    "572a019f3f37b31900478646": "The success of any pathogen depends on its ability to elude host immune responses.",
    "572a02483f37b3190047864b": "formulated the clonal selection theory (CST) of immunity.",
    "572a02483f37b3190047864c": "The theory was",
    "572a02483f37b3190047864d": ".",
    "572a02483f37b3190047864e": "The theory was lat",
    "572a03086aef0514001551a2": "Glucocorticoids are the most powerful of these drugs;",
    "572a03086aef0514001551a3": "Lower",
    "572a03086aef0514001551a4": ".",
    "572a03086aef0514001551a5": ".",
    "572a04d51d046914007796cd": "peak in order to elicit an effective response against any intruding pathogens.",
    "572a04d51d046914007796ce": "As well",
    "572a04d51d046914007796cf": "Inflammation causes a great deal of oxidative stress and the presence of melatonin",
    "572a04d51d046914007796d0": "this time.",
    "572a058aaf94a219006aa751": "When a T-cell encounters a foreign pathogen, it extends a vitamin D receptor.",
    "572a058aaf94a219006aa752": "Other immune system cells that are known to express CYP27B1 and",
    "572a058aaf94a219006aa753": "T-cells have a symbiotic relationship with vitamin D.",
    "572a058aaf94a219006aa754": ".",
    "572a058aaf94a219006aa755": "Other immune system cells that are known to express CYP27B1 and",
    "572a06af3f37b31900478667": "Pattern recognition receptors are proteins used by nearly all organisms",
    "572a06af3f37b31900478668": "and represent the main form of invertebrate systemic immunity.",
    "572a06af3f37b31900478669": ".",
    "572a06af3f37b3190047866a": "and are thought to play a role in the immune response to viruses.",
    "572a07fc6aef0514001551dc": "Many of the classical",
    "572a07fc6aef0514001551dd": "However",
    "572a07fc6aef0514001551de": "However",
    "572a07fc6aef0514001551df": "Ev",
    "572a096e6aef0514001551e4": ".",
    "572a096e6aef0514001551e5": ".",
    "572a096e6aef0514001551e6": "viral pathogens, called bacteriophages.",
    "572a096e6aef0514001551e7": "they have come into contact with in the past, wh",
    "572a0a686aef0514001551ec": ".",
    "572a0a686aef0514001551ed": "According to the cellular theory of immunity,",
    "572a0a686aef0514001551ee": ".",
    "572a0a686aef0514001551ef": "In contrast, the humoral theory of immunity,",
    "572a0a686aef0514001551f0": "its cells.",
    "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f6": "Clearly, some tumors evade the immune system and go on to become cancers.",
    "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f7": "T cells.",
    "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f8": "Some tumor cells also release products that inhibit the immune response;",
    "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f9": "activity of macrophages and lymphocytes.",
    "572a0bf96aef051400155204": "Hypersensitivity is an immune response that damages the body's own tissues.",
    "572a0bf96aef051400155205": ".",
    "572a0bf96aef051400155206": "Type I",
    "572a0bf96aef051400155207": "Hypersensitivity is an immune response that damages the body's own tissues.",
    "572a0bf96aef051400155208": "Hypersensitivity is an immune response that damages the body's own tissues.",
    "572a0ce11d046914007796fd": "where it is shielded from direct contact with immune cells, antibodies and complement.",
    "572a0ce11d046914007796fe": "Some examples of intracellular pathogens include viruses",
    "572a0ce11d046914007796ff": "Som",
    "572a0ce11d04691400779700": "Other",
    "572a0ce11d04691400779701": "Other",
    "572a0e4b6aef051400155214": "The mechanisms used to evade the adaptive immune system are more complicated.",
    "572a0e4b6aef051400155215": "This is called antigenic variation.",
    "572a0e4b6aef051400155216": "The",
    "572a0e4b6aef051400155217": "Masking antigens with",
    "572a0f073f37b3190047867f": "This is called immune surveillance.",
    "572a0f073f37b31900478680": "which causes cervical cancer,",
    "572a0f073f37b31900478681": "One example is an enzyme called tyrosinase that, when expressed at high levels,",
    "572a0f073f37b31900478682": "but reach high levels in tumor cells.",
    "572a0f073f37b31900478683": "tack the transformed tumor cells.",
    "572a10cd6aef051400155222": "Larger drugs (>500 Da) can provoke a neutralizing immune response",
    "572a10cd6aef051400155223": "than hydrophobic amino acids;",
    "572a10cd6aef051400155224": "known to be recognizable by B cells.",
    "572a10cd6aef051400155225": "cells. The",
    "572a10cd6aef051400155226": "The",
    "572a12386aef051400155234": "First, during the early slow-wave-sleep stage, a sudden",
    "572a12386aef051400155235": "and T-cells",
    "572a12386aef051400155236": "/Th2 cytokine",
    "572a12386aef051400155237": "This milieu is",
    "572a142e3f37b319004786b9": "The speed of the response is",
    "572a142e3f37b319004786bc": "This deposition of complement can also kill cells directly by disrupting their plasma membran",
    "572a142e3f37b319004786ba": ".",
    "572a142e3f37b319004786bb": "which in turn activates other complement proteases, and so on.",
    "57271c235951b619008f860b": "what they deem to be unfair laws.",
    "57271c235951b619008f860c": "wide.",
    "57271c235951b619008f860d": "in the Singing Revolution to bring independence to the Baltic countries from the Soviet Union,",
    "57271c235951b619008f860e": "worldwide.",
    "57271c235951b619008f860f": "recently with the 2003 Rose Revolution in Georgia and",
    "5728d4c03acd2414000dff9f": ".",
    "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa0": "One of its earliest massive implementations was brought about by Egyptians again",
    "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa1": "people have rebelled against what they deem to be unfair laws.",
    "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa2": "what they deem to be unfair laws.",
    "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa3": "It has been used in many nonviolent resistance movements in India (",
    "57271f125951b619008f8635": "Antigone",
    "57271f125951b619008f8636": "One of the oldest depictions of civil disobedience is in Sophocles' play Antigone",
    "57271f125951b619008f8637": "who is trying to stop her from giving her brother Polynices a proper burial.",
    "57271f125951b619008f8638": "One of the oldest depictions of civil disobedience is in Sophocles' play Antigone,",
    "57271f125951b619008f8639": "who is trying to stop her from giving her brother Polynices a proper burial.",
    "5728d5793acd2414000dffb3": "One of the oldest depictions of civil disobedience is in Sophocles' play Antigone,",
    "5728d5793acd2414000dffb4": "Antigone, in which Antigone",
    "5728d5793acd2414000dffb5": "One of the oldest depictions of civil disobedience is in Sophocles' play Antigone",
    "5728d5793acd2414000dffb6": "who is trying to stop her from giving her brother Polynices a proper burial.",
    "5728d5793acd2414000dffb7": "One of the oldest depictions of civil disobedience is in Sophocles' play Antigone",
    "5727213c708984140094da35": "Following the Peterloo massacre of 1819, poet Percy Shelley wrote the political poem",
    "5727213c708984140094da36": "It is perhaps the first modern[vague] statement of the principle of nonviolent protest.",
    "5727213c708984140094da38": "and later by Gandhi in his doctrine of Satyagraha.",
    "5727213c708984140094da39": "during the campaign for a free India.",
    "5727213c708984140094da37": "A version was taken up by the author Henry David Thoreau in his essay Civil Disobedience",
    "5728d63c4b864d1900164f18": "The Mas",
    "5728d63c4b864d1900164f19": "It is perhaps the first modern[vague] statement of the principle of nonviolent protest.",
    "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1a": "It is perhaps the first modern[vague] statement of the principle of nonviolent protest.",
    "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1c": "It is perhaps the first modern[vague] statement of the principle of nonviolent protest.",
    "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1b": "A version was taken up by the author Henry David Thoreau in his essay Civil Disobedience",
    "572726c9708984140094da7b": "Vic",
    "572726c9708984140094da7e": "bringing a test-case in the federal courts to taking aim at a federal official.",
    "572726c9708984140094da7c": "in modern times, become utterly debased.",
    "572726c9708984140094da7d": "It",
    "5728d6f02ca10214002da90e": "in modern times, become utterly debased.",
    "5728d6f02ca10214002da90f": "It",
    "5728d6f02ca10214002da910": ".",
    "5728d6f02ca10214002da911": "It",
    "5728d6f02ca10214002da912": ".",
    "572807802ca10214002d9bf8": ".",
    "572807802ca10214002d9bf9": ".",
    "572807802ca10214002d9bfa": ".",
    "572807802ca10214002d9bfb": "rounded by a maze of semantical problems and grammatical niceties.",
    "572807802ca10214002d9bfc": "not impossible.",
    "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4c": ".",
    "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4d": "ce.",
    "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4e": ".",
    "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4f": "disobedience.",
    "5728d7c54b864d1900164f50": ".",
    "57280f974b864d1900164370": ".",
    "57280f974b864d1900164371": "constitutional impasse in which",
    "57280f974b864d1900164372": "Civil disobedience",
    "57280f974b864d1900164373": ".",
    "57280f974b864d1900164374": ".",
    "5728d9403acd2414000e001b": "Civil disobedience",
    "5728d9403acd2414000e001c": "Civil disobedience",
    "5728d9403acd2414000e001d": "Civil disobedience is",
    "5728d9403acd2414000e001e": "Civil disobedience",
    "5728d9403acd2414000e001f": ".",
    "572812e74b864d19001643ce": "the collective.",
    "572812e74b864d19001643cf": "What, then, is the proper relationship between the individual and the government?",
    "572812e74b864d19001643d0": "The majority may be powerful but it is not necessarily right.",
    "572812e74b864d19001643d1": "Before Thoreau\u2019s imprisonment,",
    "572812e74b864d19001643d2": "choice.",
    "5728dafe3acd2414000e005d": "The individual is the final judge of right and wrong.",
    "5728dafe3acd2414000e005e": ".",
    "5728dafe3acd2414000e005f": "whose hand hits the wood.",
    "5728dafe3acd2414000e0060": ".",
    "5728dafe3acd2414000e0061": "The majority may be powerful but it is not necessarily right.",
    "5728151b4b864d1900164428": ".",
    "5728151b4b864d1900164429": "Brown",
    "5728151b4b864d190016442a": "Brownlee argues that disobedience in opposition to the decisions of non-",
    "5728151b4b864d190016442b": "breaches of law in protest against international organizations and foreign governments.",
    "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0080": "be taken\".",
    "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0081": "be taken\".",
    "5728dc2d3acd2414000e007f": "Some theories of civil disobedience",
    "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0083": "Some theories of civil disobedience hold that civil disobedience is",
    "572818f54b864d190016446c": "at least must be publicly announced in order to constitute civil disobedience.",
    "572818f54b864d190016446d": "rather than simply covert lawbreaking.",
    "572818f54b864d190016446e": "I",
    "572818f54b864d190016446f": "I",
    "572818f54b864d1900164470": "y did it.",
    "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d2": "at least must be publicly announced in order to constitute civil disobedience.",
    "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d3": ".",
    "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d4": "I",
    "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d5": "This assumes that common morality does not have a prohibition on deceit in such situations.",
    "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d6": ".",
    "57281c594b864d19001644a2": "It has be",
    "57281c594b864d19001644a3": ".",
    "57281c594b864d19001644a4": "while both civil disobedience and civil rebellion are",
    "57281c594b864d19001644a5": "Civil disobedients' refraining from violence is",
    "57281c594b864d19001644a6": "Civil disobedients",
    "5728df634b864d1900164fe2": ".",
    "5728df634b864d1900164fe3": "There have been debates as to whether civil disobedience",
    "5728df634b864d1900164fe4": "one cannot justify civil rebellion, the",
    "5728df634b864d1900164fe6": ".",
    "5728202c4b864d19001644ec": "Revolutionary civil disobedience",
    "5728202c4b864d19001644ed": ".",
    "5728202c4b864d19001644ee": "directed revolutionary civil disobedience against the Austrian government.",
    "5728202c4b864d19001644ef": "Revolutionary civil disobedience is",
    "5728202c4b864d19001644f0": "Non-revolutionary civil disobedience",
    "5728e07e3acd2414000e00e9": "Non-revolutionary civil disobedience",
    "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ea": "Non-",
    "5728e07e3acd2414000e00eb": "Non-revolutionary civil disobedience",
    "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ec": "Non-",
    "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ed": "Non-revolutionary civil disobedience",
    "572822233acd2414000df555": "unnoticed.",
    "572822233acd2414000df556": "Jerusalem.",
    "572822233acd2414000df557": "it happened.",
    "572822233acd2414000df558": "Thoreau's essay was not published until after the end of the Mexican War.",
    "572822233acd2414000df559": "Thoreau's essay was not published until after the end of the Mexican War.",
    "5728e3c33acd2414000e0131": "The earliest",
    "5728e3c33acd2414000e0132": "The earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience",
    "5728e3c33acd2414000e0133": "This is a form of jail solidarity.",
    "5728e3c33acd2414000e0134": "s.",
    "5728e3c33acd2414000e0135": "Thoreau, at the time of his arrest",
    "572825a92ca10214002d9efe": "Civil disobedients have chosen a variety of different illegal acts.",
    "572825a92ca10214002d9eff": "Bed",
    "572825a92ca10214002d9f00": "which brought medicine to Iraq without the permission of the U.S.",
    "572825a92ca10214002d9f01": ".",
    "572825a92ca10214002d9f02": "California Redwood tree for 738 days, successfully preventing it from being cut down.",
    "5728e5224b864d1900165032": "Civil disobedients have chosen a variety of different illegal acts.",
    "5728e5224b864d1900165033": "...",
    "5728e5224b864d1900165034": "..",
    "5728e5224b864d1900165035": "pose.",
    "5728e5224b864d1900165036": "Julia Butterfly Hill",
    "5728284e3acd2414000df5cd": "Joseph",
    "5728284e3acd2414000df5ce": "Joseph",
    "5728284e3acd2414000df5cf": "civil disobedience can consist simply of engaging in the forbidden speech.",
    "5728284e3acd2414000df5d0": "to the 1978 Supreme Court case of FCC v. Pacifica Foundation.",
    "5728284e3acd2414000df5d1": "1978 Supreme Court case of FCC v. Pacifica Foundation.",
    "5728e5f43acd2414000e0171": "In cases",
    "5728e5f43acd2414000e0172": "speech.",
    "5728e5f43acd2414000e0173": "Threatening government officials is",
    "5728e5f43acd2414000e0174": ".",
    "57282dfb4b864d1900164668": "it more difficult for a system to function.",
    "57282dfb4b864d1900164669": "The",
    "57282dfb4b864d190016466a": "The Plowshares organization temporarily closed GCSB Waihopai",
    "57282dfb4b864d190016466b": "table.",
    "57282dfb4b864d190016466c": "In this way, they might be considered coercive.",
    "5728e715ff5b5019007da914": "In this way, they might be considered coercive.",
    "5728e715ff5b5019007da916": "table.",
    "5728e715ff5b5019007da917": ".",
    "5728e715ff5b5019007da918": "In this way, they might be considered coercive.",
    "5728e8212ca10214002daa6c": "Many of the same de",
    "5728e8212ca10214002daa6d": "ful.",
    "5728e8212ca10214002daa6e": ".",
    "5728e8212ca10214002daa6f": "action.",
    "5728e8212ca10214002daa70": "action.\"",
    "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c5": "Som",
    "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c6": "Some civil disobedients",
    "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c7": "s.",
    "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c8": "others.",
    "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c9": "others.",
    "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01d9": "An important decision for civil disobedients is whether or not to plead guilty.",
    "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01da": ".",
    "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01db": "An important decision for civil disobedients is whether or not to plead guilty.",
    "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dc": "is sometimes regarded as a compromise between the two.",
    "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dd": "not guilty.",
    "5728ec6a4b864d19001650aa": ".",
    "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ab": "The",
    "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ac": "before the local Justice of the Peace, that afternoon.",
    "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ad": ".",
    "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ae": "The",
    "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97c": "that they must go to jail as part of a rule connected with civil disobedience.",
    "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97d": "they must go to jail as part of a rule connected with civil disobedience.",
    "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97e": "they must go to jail as part of a rule connected with civil disobedience.",
    "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97f": "they must go to jail as part of a rule connected with civil disobedience.",
    "5728eef92ca10214002daab0": "Sometimes the prosecution proposes a plea bargain to civil disobedients,",
    "5728eef92ca10214002daab1": "Sometimes the prosecution proposes a plea bargain to civil disobedients",
    "5728eef92ca10214002daab2": ".",
    "5728eef92ca10214002daab3": "Sometimes the prosecution proposes a plea bargain to civil disobedients,",
    "5728eef92ca10214002daab4": "en.",
    "5728f50baf94a219006a9e55": ".",
    "5728f50baf94a219006a9e56": "the ones who are violating the greater law are the members of the Navy\".",
    "5728f50baf94a219006a9e57": "Some civil disobedience defendants",
    "5728f50baf94a219006a9e58": "the ones who are violating the greater law are the members of the Navy\".",
    "5728f50baf94a219006a9e59": "Some civil disobedience defendants",
    "5728facd4b864d1900165170": ".",
    "5728facd4b864d1900165171": "Steven Barkan writes that if defendants plead not guilty",
    "5728facd4b864d1900165172": "some civil disobedients seek jury nullification.",
    "5728facd4b864d1900165173": "some civil disobedients seek jury nullification.",
    "5728facd4b864d1900165174": "surrounding the case and their reasons for breaking the law via civil disobedience.",
    "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef5": "which is neither conscientious nor of social benefit.",
    "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef6": "general disobedience wh",
    "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef7": "wh",
    "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef8": "which is neither conscientious nor of social benefit.",
    "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef9": "not civil disobedience.",
    "5728fc9e1d04691400778f11": ".",
    "5728fc9e1d04691400778f12": "protesting the existence of a particular law by breaking that law.",
    "5728fc9e1d04691400778f13": "disregard his competing harms defense, and he was found guilty.",
    "5728fc9e1d04691400778f14": "The necessity defense",
    "5728fc9e1d04691400778f15": "ce.",
    "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2b": ".",
    "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2d": "Along with giving the offender his \"just deserts",
    "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2e": ".",
    "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2f": "would be whether it would do more harm than good.",
    "57273a465951b619008f86ff": "Construction is the process of constructing a building or infrastructure.",
    "57273a465951b619008f8700": "Construction differs from manufacturing in that manufacturing",
    "57273a465951b619008f8701": "Construction is the process of constructing a building or infrastructure.",
    "57273a465951b619008f8702": "while construction typically takes place on location for a known client.",
    "57273a465951b619008f8703": "construction typically takes place on location for a known client.",
    "57273cca708984140094db33": "An architect normally manages the job,",
    "57273cca708984140094db34": "it.",
    "57273cca708984140094db35": "For the successful execution of a project, effective planning is essential.",
    "57273cca708984140094db36": "The largest construction projects are referred to as megaprojects.",
    "57273cca708984140094db37": "Those involved with the design and execution of the infrastructure in question",
    "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4fe": "buildings, infrastructure and industrial.",
    "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4ff": "Bu",
    "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f500": "heavy/highway, heavy civil or heavy engineering.",
    "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f501": "It includes lar",
    "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f502": "Industrial includes",
    "57273e50dd62a815002e9a02": "Engineering News-Record (ENR) is a trade magazine for the construction industry.",
    "57273e50dd62a815002e9a03": "ENR compiles and reports on data about the size of design and construction companies.",
    "57273e50dd62a815002e9a04": "It",
    "57273e50dd62a815002e9a05": "In",
    "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0a": ".",
    "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0b": "Ther",
    "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0c": "have a classification system for companies that perform or otherwise engage in construction.",
    "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0d": "Ther",
    "57274046dd62a815002e9a12": "Building construction",
    "57274046dd62a815002e9a13": "small renovations, such as addition of a room, or renovation of a bathroom.",
    "57274046dd62a815002e9a14": "the property acts as laborer, paymaster, and design team for the entire project.",
    "57274046dd62a815002e9a15": ".",
    "57274046dd62a815002e9a16": "For",
    "572742bd5951b619008f8785": ".",
    "572742bd5951b619008f8786": ".",
    "572742bd5951b619008f8787": ".",
    "572742bd5951b619008f8788": "As",
    "572744aff1498d1400e8f588": "3D printing technology.",
    "572744aff1498d1400e8f589": "building printing is making it possible to flexibly construct small commercial",
    "572744aff1498d1400e8f58a": "2014.",
    "572744aff1498d1400e8f58b": "Work",
    "572745c6708984140094db9a": ".",
    "572745c6708984140094db99": "construction usually involves the translation of designs into reality.",
    "572745c6708984140094db9b": "The",
    "572745c6708984140094db9c": "a bill of quantities provided by a quantity surveyor.",
    "572745c6708984140094db9d": "the owner typically awards a contract to the most cost efficient bidder.",
    "57274e0d708984140094dbe5": ".",
    "57274e0d708984140094dbe6": "entirely separate companies, even in the larger firms.",
    "57274e0d708984140094dbe7": "Thus, each such",
    "57274e0d708984140094dbe8": "This is designated as a \"design build\" contract where",
    "57274e975951b619008f87f9": "Several project structures",
    "57274e975951b619008f87fa": "these project structures allows",
    "57274e975951b619008f87fb": ".",
    "57274f67708984140094dbf5": "Construction projects can suffer from preventable financial problems.",
    "57274f67708984140094dbf6": "Underbids happen when builders ask for too little money to complete the project.",
    "57274f67708984140094dbf7": "Cash flow problems exist wh",
    "57274f67708984140094dbf8": "but is notoriously prevalent in the construction field.",
    "5727502f708984140094dc07": "Mortgage bankers, accountants, and cost engineers are",
    "5727502f708984140094dc08": "The presence of the mortgage banker is",
    "5727502f708984140094dc09": ".",
    "5727502f708984140094dc0b": ".",
    "5727502f708984140094dc0a": "Co",
    "572750e8dd62a815002e9af0": "The project must adhere to zoning and building code requirements.",
    "572750e8dd62a815002e9af1": "Constructing a project that fails to adhere to codes does not benefit the owner.",
    "572750e8dd62a815002e9af2": "Some legal requirements come from malum in se considerations,",
    "572750e8dd62a815002e9af3": "Other legal requirements come from malum prohibitum considerations,",
    "572750e8dd62a815002e9af4": "An attorney may seek changes or exemptions in the law that governs the land wh",
    "572751b4708984140094dc1b": "A construction project",
    "572751b4708984140094dc1c": "A contract is the exchange of a set of obligations between two or more parties,",
    "572751b4708984140094dc1d": "The time element in construction means that a delay costs money, and in cases of bottlenecks,",
    "572751b4708984140094dc1e": "the contracts must be designed to ensure that",
    "572751b4708984140094dc1f": ".",
    "5727526cdd62a815002e9b0e": "a growing number of new forms of procurement that involve relationship contracting wh",
    "5727526cdd62a815002e9b0f": "New forms include partnering such as Public-Private Partnering (PPPs)",
    "5727526cdd62a815002e9b10": "There is",
    "5727526cdd62a815002e9b11": "The focus on co-operation is to ameliorate the many problems that",
    "572753335951b619008f8853": "In this arrangement, the architect or engineer acts as the project coordinator.",
    "572753335951b619008f8854": "His or her role",
    "572753335951b619008f8855": "the architect's client and the main contractor.",
    "572753335951b619008f8856": "Any subcontractor has a direct contractual relationship with the main contractor.",
    "572753335951b619008f8857": "The procedure continues until the building is ready to occupy.",
    "57275411dd62a815002e9b30": "The owner produces",
    "57275411dd62a815002e9b31": "Several D&B contractors",
    "57275411dd62a815002e9b32": "The owner selects the ideas he or she likes best and hires the appropriate contractor.",
    "57275411dd62a815002e9b33": "working together.",
    "57275411dd62a815002e9b34": "As they build phase 1, they design phase 2.",
    "572754fff1498d1400e8f660": "Before the foundation can be dug, contractors are typically",
    "572754fff1498d1400e8f661": "Th",
    "572754fff1498d1400e8f662": "which could cause outages and potentially hazardous situations.",
    "572754fff1498d1400e8f663": "During the construction of a building, the municipal building inspector inspects",
    "572754fff1498d1400e8f664": "Once construction is complete and a final inspection has been passed,",
    "572755b7708984140094dc4d": "In the United States, the industry in 2014",
    "572755b7708984140094dc4e": "and the remainder is government.",
    "572755b7708984140094dc4f": "As of 2005, there were about 667,000 firms employing",
    "572755b7708984140094dc50": "the average contractor employed fewer than 10 employees.",
    "572755b7708984140094dc51": ".",
    "5727565ef1498d1400e8f674": "in the UK.",
    "5727565ef1498d1400e8f675": "in the UK.",
    "5727565ef1498d1400e8f676": "Some construction workers in the US/Canada have made more than $100,000 ann",
    "572756fe708984140094dc71": "Construction is one of the most dangerous occupations in the world",
    "572756fe708984140094dc72": "Falls are",
    "572756fe708984140094dc73": "Ot",
    "572756fe708984140094dc74": ".",
    "572746addd62a815002e9a5e": "are not administered by local, state or national governments;",
    "572746addd62a815002e9a5f": "might be available.",
    "572746addd62a815002e9a60": "rather than relying on mandatory taxation through public (government) funding;",
    "572746addd62a815002e9a61": ".",
    "57274712708984140094dbad": "at several New England preparatory schools.",
    "57274712708984140094dbae": ".",
    "57274712708984140094dbaf": "several New England preparatory schools.",
    "57274712708984140094dbb0": "it is almost never used of universities and other tertiary institutions.",
    "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59a": "and year 13 (upper sixth).",
    "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59b": "and year 13 (upper sixth).",
    "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59c": ".",
    "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59d": "endowment.",
    "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59e": "High tuition, schools claim, is used to pay higher salaries for",
    "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a4": "a term which is often used to denote Roman Catholic schools.",
    "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a5": ".",
    "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a6": "Some such schools teach religious education",
    "5727490bdd62a815002e9a82": "Student uniforms for Australian private schools are",
    "5727490bdd62a815002e9a83": "Student uniforms for Australian private schools are",
    "5727490bdd62a815002e9a84": "Pr",
    "57274971708984140094dbbb": "also belong to the large",
    "57274971708984140094dbbc": "St Joseph's College",
    "57274971708984140094dbbd": "St Aloysius' College (Sydney) and St Joseph's College,",
    "57274971708984140094dbbe": "St Ursula's College and Loreto Normanhurst for girls.",
    "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9a": "Paragraph 4 of the Grundgesetz and",
    "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9b": ".",
    "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9c": "Percent of students in private high schools reached 11.1%.",
    "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9d": "Percent of students in private high schools reached 11.1%.",
    "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9e": "Percent of students in private high schools reached 11.1%.",
    "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bc": "the so-called Sonderungsverbot).",
    "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bd": "Ersatzschulen",
    "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5be": "How",
    "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d4": "which is not available at public schools.",
    "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d5": "Most of these schools are vocational schools.",
    "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d6": ".",
    "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d7": "Erg\u00e4nzungsschulen have",
    "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e4": "So, in a strict sense, a private school is an unaided independent school.",
    "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e5": "Prominent Examination Boards that are present in multiple states are",
    "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e6": "In India",
    "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e7": "The practice has been for the union government to provide the broad policy directions wh",
    "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa4": "Legally, only non-profit trusts and societies can run schools in India.",
    "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa5": "that has the largest adult illiterate population in the world.",
    "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa6": "Wh",
    "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa7": "while it is the local language in government schools.",
    "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa8": "while it is the local language in government schools.",
    "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aae": "Ther",
    "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aaf": "In Ireland",
    "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab0": "etc.",
    "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab1": "The",
    "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab2": ".",
    "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f6": ".",
    "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f7": "While Chinese primary schools were allowed to retain Chi",
    "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f8": "Chinese secondary schools are required to change into English-medium schools.",
    "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f9": "After Malaysia",
    "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5fa": "Over 60 schools converted to become National Type schools.",
    "57274e145951b619008f87e7": "government funds are called 'aided' schools.",
    "57274e145951b619008f87e8": "The ones that accept government funds are called 'aided' schools.",
    "57274e145951b619008f87e9": "the Galaxy Public School in Kathmandu.",
    "57274e145951b619008f87ea": "t.",
    "57274e145951b619008f87eb": "The medium of education is English, but",
    "57274eca5951b619008f87ff": "As of April 2014",
    "57274eca5951b619008f8800": ".",
    "57274eca5951b619008f8801": "As of April 2014",
    "57274eca5951b619008f8802": "The largest decline in private school numbers occurred between 1979 and 1984",
    "57274eca5951b619008f8803": ".",
    "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61e": "Private schools",
    "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61f": "Samuel Marsden Collegiate School in Wellington",
    "57274f49f1498d1400e8f620": "ch as Saint Kentigern College",
    "57274f49f1498d1400e8f621": "Rangi Ruru Girls' School in Christchurch",
    "57274f49f1498d1400e8f622": "the Society of St Pius X in Wanganui.",
    "5727500f708984140094dbfd": "Private schools have proven to be efficient in resource utilization.",
    "5727500f708984140094dbfe": "Private schools have proven to be efficient in resource utilization.",
    "5727500f708984140094dbff": "Private schools have proven to be efficient in resource utilization.",
    "5727500f708984140094dc00": "1992.",
    "5727500f708984140094dc01": "1992.",
    "572750df5951b619008f882f": "The Tuition Fee Supplement is",
    "572750df5951b619008f8830": ".",
    "572750df5951b619008f8831": "The Private Education Student Financial Assistance is",
    "5727515f708984140094dc11": "needed].",
    "5727515f708984140094dc12": "The South African Schools Act of 1996 rec",
    "5727515f708984140094dc13": "The South African Schools Act of 1996 rec",
    "5727515f708984140094dc14": "Some of the oldest schools",
    "5727515f708984140094dc15": "in the early nineteenth century.",
    "57275409708984140094dc35": "Form",
    "57275409708984140094dc36": "These schools ten",
    "57275409708984140094dc37": "much higher school fees than other public schools.",
    "572754dd708984140094dc3b": "Over 10% of Swedish pupils were enrolled in private schools in 2008.",
    "572754dd708984140094dc3c": "has 700 employees and teaches nearly 10,000 pupils.",
    "572754dd708984140094dc3d": "has 700 employees and teaches nearly 10,000 pupils.",
    "572754dd708984140094dc3e": "s.",
    "572754dd708984140094dc3f": "Sweden is internationally known for this innovative school voucher model that",
    "572756265951b619008f886d": "Ac",
    "572756265951b619008f886e": ".",
    "572756265951b619008f886f": "doing so at fee-paying schools at GSCE level and 13 per cent at A-level.",
    "572756265951b619008f8870": "at A-level.",
    "572756265951b619008f8871": "Fe",
    "572757bef1498d1400e8f690": ".",
    "572757bef1498d1400e8f691": ".",
    "572757bef1498d1400e8f692": "In many parts of the United States,",
    "572757bef1498d1400e8f693": "In many parts of the United States, after the 1954 decision in the landmark court case Brown v",
    "572757bef1498d1400e8f694": "needed",
    "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6ae": "religious organizations or private individuals.",
    "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6af": "Government funding for religious schools is",
    "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b0": "Government funding for religious schools is",
    "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b1": "charter status.",
    "572759665951b619008f8883": "the beginnings of compulsory education in Massachusetts",
    "572759665951b619008f8884": "in Massachusetts in 1852.",
    "572759665951b619008f8885": "Wisconsin v. Yoder, 406 U.S. 205 (1972)",
    "572759665951b619008f8886": "(1923).",
    "572759665951b619008f8887": "Runyon v. McCrary,",
    "572759dbdd62a815002e9b94": "As of 2012",
    "572759dbdd62a815002e9b95": "capacity.",
    "572759dbdd62a815002e9b96": "supplemented by fundraising drives.",
    "572759dbdd62a815002e9b97": "capacity.",
    "5727aa413acd2414000de921": "The undergraduate college became coeducational after its 1977 merger with Radcliffe College.",
    "5727aa413acd2414000de922": "The undergraduate college became coeducational after its 1977 merger with Radcliffe College.",
    "5727aa413acd2414000de923": "James Bryant Conant led the university through the Great Depression and World War II and",
    "5727aa413acd2414000de924": "Harvard was a founding member of the Association of American Universities in 1900.",
    "5727aa413acd2414000de925": ";",
    "5727aeac3acd2414000de987": "which is the world's largest academic and private library system,",
    "5727aeac3acd2414000de988": "individual libraries with over 18 million volumes.",
    "5727aeac3acd2414000de989": "individual libraries with over 18 million volumes.",
    "5727aeac3acd2414000de98a": "Harvard's alumni include eight U.S. presidents",
    "5727aeac3acd2414000de98b": "Harvard",
    "5727aec03acd2414000de991": "Boston metropolitan area",
    "5727aec03acd2414000de992": "financial endowment is the largest of any academic institution.",
    "5727aec03acd2414000de993": "the Charles River in the Allston neighborhood of Boston",
    "5727aec03acd2414000de994": "Boston",
    "5727aec03acd2414000de995": "its 209-acre (85 ha) main campus is centered on Harvard Yard in Cambridge",
    "5727afa82ca10214002d93c2": "He had left the school \u00a3779 and his library of some 400 books.",
    "5727afa82ca10214002d93c3": "He had left the school \u00a3779 and his library of some 400 books.",
    "5727afa82ca10214002d93c4": "In 1638, the college became home for North America's first known printing press",
    "5727afa82ca10214002d93c5": "In 1639, the college was renamed Harvard College af",
    "5727afa82ca10214002d93c6": "The charter creating the Harvard Corporation was granted in 1650.",
    "5727b0892ca10214002d93e8": "In the early years the College trained many Puritan ministers.",
    "5727b0892ca10214002d93e9": ".",
    "5727b0892ca10214002d93ea": "It was never affiliated with any particular denomination,",
    "5727b8df3acd2414000dea99": "When the Hollis Professor of Divinity David Tappan died in 1803",
    "5727b8df3acd2414000dea9a": "Calvinist parties.",
    "5727b8df3acd2414000dea9b": "Henry Ware was elected to the chair in 1805,",
    "5727c0402ca10214002d9564": "Louis Agassiz were acclaimed both in New York and on the campus at Harvard College.",
    "5727c0402ca10214002d9565": "Ag",
    "5727c0402ca10214002d9566": "This dual view of knowledge was in concert with the teachings of",
    "5727c3b02ca10214002d95ba": "while opening it to student self-direction.",
    "5727c3b02ca10214002d95bb": "but by Transcendentalist Unitarian convictions.",
    "5727c3b02ca10214002d95bc": "Derived from William Ellery Channing",
    "5727c55bff5b5019007d94ce": "among research institutions",
    "5727c55bff5b5019007d94cf": "He sa",
    "5727c55bff5b5019007d94d0": "history of American education in the 20th century.",
    "5727c69d3acd2414000dec13": "Women remained segregated at Radcliffe, though more and more took Harvard classes.",
    "5727c69d3acd2414000dec14": "Following the merger of Harvard and Radcliffe admissions in 1977",
    "5727c69d3acd2414000dec15": "Harvard College for every woman studying at Radcliffe.",
    "5727c8863acd2414000dec49": ".",
    "5727c8863acd2414000dec4a": "the Charles River.",
    "5727c8863acd2414000dec4b": ".",
    "5727c8863acd2414000dec4c": "The other three are located in a residential neighborhood hal",
    "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9576": ".",
    "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9577": "The John W. Weeks Bridge is a pedestrian bridge over the Charles River connecting both campuses.",
    "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9578": ".",
    "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d72": "The",
    "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d73": ".",
    "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d74": "The institution asserts that such expansion w",
    "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f0": "Harvard's",
    "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f1": "Harvard's",
    "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f2": "Harvard",
    "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f3": "The",
    "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f4": "regatta.",
    "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c4": "It was worth $32 billion in 2011,",
    "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c5": "It suffered about 30% loss in 2008-09.",
    "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c6": "Harvard has",
    "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c7": "and a Pell Grant reserve of $4.093 million available for disbursement.",
    "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c8": ".",
    "5727d0f73acd2414000ded13": ".",
    "5727d0f73acd2414000ded14": "South African Vice Consul Duke Kent-Brown.",
    "5727d0f73acd2414000ded15": "South African holdings by $230 million (out of $400 million) in response to the pressure.",
    "5727d1c93acd2414000ded3f": "Harvard College accepted 5.3% of applicants for the class of 2019,",
    "5727d1c93acd2414000ded40": "Harvard College ended its early admissions program in 2007",
    "5727d1c93acd2414000ded41": "Harvard College ended its early admissions program in 2007",
    "5727d1c93acd2414000ded42": "an Early Action program was reintroduced.",
    "5727d3843acd2414000ded69": "Between 1978 and 2008",
    "5727d3843acd2414000ded6a": "Since 2008",
    "5727d3843acd2414000ded6b": "the quality of education.",
    "5727d4922ca10214002d977c": "Harvard",
    "5727d4922ca10214002d977d": "must maintain a four-course rate average to be considered full-time.",
    "5727d4922ca10214002d977e": "Stu",
    "5727d4922ca10214002d977f": "Harvard College reduced the number of students who receive Latin honors from 90% in",
    "5727d6154b864d1900163e34": "For the 2012\u201313 school year annual tuition was $38,000,",
    "5727d6154b864d1900163e35": "with a total cost of attendance of $57,000.",
    "5727d6154b864d1900163e36": "Beginning 2007, families with incomes below $60,000 pay",
    "5727d6154b864d1900163e37": "In 2009, Harvard offered grants total",
    "5727d6154b864d1900163e38": "Grants total 88% of Harvard's aid for undergraduate students,",
    "5727d6faff5b5019007d969a": "The Harvard University Library System is centered in Widener Library",
    "5727d6faff5b5019007d969c": "The Harvard University Library System is centered in Widener Library",
    "5727d6faff5b5019007d969d": "both old and new is stored in Pusey Library and open to the public.",
    "5727d6faff5b5019007d969b": "18 million volumes.",
    "5727d88b4b864d1900163e5e": "The Harvard Art Museums comprises three museums.",
    "5727d88b4b864d1900163e5f": ".",
    "5727d88b4b864d1900163e60": "specializing in the cultural history and civilizations of the Western Hemisphere",
    "5727d9c43acd2414000dee17": "In particular, it has consistently topped the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU)",
    "5727d9c43acd2414000dee18": "It was ranked 8th on the 2013-2014 PayScale College Sala",
    "5727d9c43acd2414000dee19": "Fro",
    "5727da564b864d1900163e8e": "The Harvard Crimson competes",
    "5727da564b864d1900163e8f": "Harvard has an intense athletic rivalry",
    "5727da564b864d1900163e90": "This rivalry, though, is put aside every two years wh",
    "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fc": "both it and Yale have influenced the way the game is played.",
    "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fd": "The",
    "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fe": ".",
    "5727db85ff5b5019007d96ff": "Walter Camp (former captain of the Yale football team),",
    "5727dc473acd2414000dee43": ".",
    "5727dc473acd2414000dee44": "The Malkin Athletic Center, known as the \"MAC\"",
    "5727dc473acd2414000dee45": "three weight rooms, and a three-court gym floor to play basketball.",
    "5727dd2e4b864d1900163eba": "The Game by 23",
    "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebb": ".",
    "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebc": "It is held annually in June on the Thames River in eastern Connecticut.",
    "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebd": "Harvard also won the Intercollegiate Sailing Association National Championships in 2003.",
    "5727de862ca10214002d9860": "Secretary",
    "5727de862ca10214002d9861": "and Barack Obama;",
    "5727de862ca10214002d9862": "Gardner",
    "5727de862ca10214002d9863": "Ki-moon; American political leaders John Hancock, John Adams, John Quincy Adams,",
    "5727e0474b864d1900163f08": "ter",
    "5727e0474b864d1900163f09": "moto.",
    "5727e0474b864d1900163f0a": ":",
    "5727e0474b864d1900163f0b": "ri",
    "5727e21e4b864d1900163f34": "Harvard",
    "5727e21e4b864d1900163f35": ".",
    "5727e21e4b864d1900163f36": "Harvard",
    "5727c94bff5b5019007d954a": "ich the city government consolidated in 1968.",
    "5727c94bff5b5019007d954b": "2010.",
    "5727c94bff5b5019007d954c": "Jacksonville",
    "5727c94bff5b5019007d954d": "Jacksonville",
    "5727c94bff5b5019007d954e": "It is the county seat of Duval County, with which the city government consolidated in 1968.",
    "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9676": "Jacksonville is",
    "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9677": "Jacksonville is in the First Coast region of northeast Florida",
    "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9678": "in 1564 was the site of the French colony of Fort Caroline,",
    "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9679": "The area was originally inhabited by the Timucua people",
    "5727cb4b2ca10214002d967a": "it was named after Andrew Jackson, the",
    "5727cd7dff5b5019007d958e": "Its riverine location facilitates two United States Navy bases",
    "5727cd7dff5b5019007d958f": "Peop",
    "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9590": "Its riverine location facilitates two United States Navy bases",
    "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9591": "Peop",
    "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bec": "The area of the modern city of Jacksonville has been inhabited for thousands of years.",
    "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bed": "On Black Hammock Island in the national Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve",
    "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bee": "a.",
    "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bef": "In the 16th century",
    "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bf0": "Ossachite at the site of what is now downtown Jacksonville;",
    "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c26": "calling it the River of May because he discovered it in May.",
    "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c27": "Ribault erected a stone column near present-day Jacksonville",
    "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c28": "Spanish force from the nearby",
    "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c29": ".",
    "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c2a": "but a reconstruction of the fort was established on the St. Johns River in 1964",
    "572810ec2ca10214002d9d06": "Britain c",
    "572810ec2ca10214002d9d07": "They soon named the town Jacksonville, after Andrew Jackson.",
    "572810ec2ca10214002d9d08": "which the Seminole called Wacca Pilatka and the British called the Cow Ford or Cowford;",
    "572810ec2ca10214002d9d09": "Britain ceded control of the territory back to Spain in 1783, after its defeat in the American",
    "572810ec2ca10214002d9d0a": "They soon named the town Jacksonville, after Andrew Jackson.",
    "5728128cff5b5019007d9c76": "Jacksonville",
    "5728128cff5b5019007d9c77": "Florida.",
    "5728128cff5b5019007d9c78": "Union forces then retreated to Jacksonville and held the city for the remainder of the war.",
    "5728128cff5b5019007d9c79": "During the American Civil War",
    "5728128cff5b5019007d9c7a": "In March 1864 a Confederate cavalry con",
    "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbc": "During Reconstruction and the Gilded Age, Jacksonville",
    "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbd": "Florida.",
    "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbe": ".",
    "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbf": "In addition, extension of the Florida East Coast Railway fur",
    "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cc0": "Florida East Coast Railway further south drew visitors to other areas.",
    "5728170d3acd2414000df443": "On May 3, 1901, downtown Jacksonville was ravaged by a fire that started as a kitchen fire.",
    "5728170d3acd2414000df444": "Jacksonville was ravaged by a fire that started as a kitchen fire.",
    "5728170d3acd2414000df445": "Governor Jennings declare martial law and sent the state militia to maintain order.",
    "5728170d3acd2414000df446": "Known as the \"Great Fire of 1901\",",
    "57281940ff5b5019007d9d44": ".",
    "57281940ff5b5019007d9d45": "Over the course of the decade, more than 30",
    "57281940ff5b5019007d9d46": "Jacksonville the title of \"Winter Film Capital of the World\".",
    "57281940ff5b5019007d9d47": "In the 1910s",
    "57281ab63acd2414000df493": "The construction of highways led residents to move to newer housing in the suburbs.",
    "57281ab63acd2414000df494": "2010.",
    "57281ab63acd2414000df495": "However, the development of suburbs",
    "57281ab63acd2414000df496": "new public building projects in the boom that occurred after the war.",
    "57281ab63acd2414000df497": "2010.",
    "57281bb84b864d190016449a": "the city limits.",
    "57281bb84b864d190016449b": "In addition",
    "57281bb84b864d190016449c": "Much of the city's tax base",
    "57281bb84b864d190016449d": "1965.",
    "57281d494b864d19001644be": "who were mainly elected through the traditional old boy network.",
    "57281d494b864d19001644bf": "11 officials were indicted and more were forced to resign.",
    "57281d494b864d19001644c0": "In the mid-1960s",
    "57281d494b864d19001644c1": "This added momentum to proposals for government reform.",
    "57281edd3acd2414000df4eb": "When a consolidation referendum was held in 1967, voters approved the plan.",
    "57281edd3acd2414000df4ec": "When a consolidation referendum was held in 1967, voters approved the plan.",
    "57281edd3acd2414000df4ed": "When a consolidation referendum was held in 1967, voters approved the plan.",
    "57281edd3acd2414000df4ee": "st of the revenue required for the $2.25 billion package of major projects that",
    "57281edd3acd2414000df4ef": "The",
    "572820512ca10214002d9e72": "Jacksonville the largest city in land area in the contiguous United States",
    "572820512ca10214002d9e73": "Jacksonville surrounds the town of Baldwin.",
    "572820512ca10214002d9e74": "Jacksonville.",
    "572820512ca10214002d9e75": ".",
    "572820512ca10214002d9e76": "Jacksonville surrounds the town of Baldwin.",
    "572821274b864d1900164510": "It has a height of 617 ft (188 m) and includes 42 floors.",
    "572821274b864d1900164511": "It has a height of 617 ft (188 m) and includes 42 floors.",
    "572821274b864d1900164512": "The tallest building in Downtown Jacksonville's skyline is the Bank of America Tower",
    "572821274b864d1900164513": "1967, was the tallest precast, post-tensioned concrete structure in the world.",
    "572821274b864d1900164514": "with its distinctive flared base making it the defining building in the Jacksonville skyline),",
    "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc4": ".",
    "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc5": "Jacksonville",
    "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc6": "Jacksonville",
    "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc7": "during winters and hot and humid weather during summers.",
    "57282358ff5b5019007d9dde": "It is common for thunderstorms to erupt during a typical summer afternoon.",
    "57282358ff5b5019007d9ddf": "It is common for thunderstorms to erupt during a typical summer afternoon.",
    "57282358ff5b5019007d9de0": "These are caused by the rapid heating of the land relative to the water",
    "57282358ff5b5019007d9de1": "y.",
    "572824f13acd2414000df58f": "The strongest effect on Jacksonville",
    "572824f13acd2414000df590": "The eye crossed",
    "572824f13acd2414000df591": "Beach",
    "572824f13acd2414000df592": "made landfall south of the area.",
    "572824f13acd2414000df593": "Jacksonville",
    "572826634b864d19001645be": "Jacksonville",
    "572826634b864d19001645bf": "in the metropolitan area as of the 2010 Census.",
    "572826634b864d19001645c0": "Much of Jacksonville's Filipino community served in or has ties to the United States Navy.",
    "572826634b864d19001645c1": "Much of Jacksonville's Filipino community served in or has ties to the United States Navy.",
    "572827fc3acd2414000df5bb": "older.",
    "572827fc3acd2414000df5bc": "23.9% of households had children under the age of 18 living with them,",
    "572827fc3acd2414000df5bd": "older.",
    "572827fc3acd2414000df5be": "For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.3 males.",
    "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ee": "The three richest people in",
    "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ef": "the 85 richest people, a small part of the wealthiest 1%, o",
    "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f0": "ceed $759,900.",
    "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f1": "Oxfam's claims have",
    "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f2": "finds that there are more poor people in the United States and Western Europe than in China (",
    "5729d36b1d04691400779607": "40% of global assets in the year 2000.",
    "5729d36b1d04691400779608": ".",
    "5729d36b1d04691400779609": ".",
    "5729d36b1d0469140077960a": "the wealthiest 1 percent will own more than half of the global wealth by 2016.",
    "5729d36b1d0469140077960b": "that there are more poor people in the United States and Western Europe than in China (",
    "5727e8424b864d1900163fc0": "\"have more wealth than half of all Americans combined.",
    "5727e8424b864d1900163fc1": "the \"richest 1 percent in the United States now own more wealth than the bottom 90",
    "5727e8424b864d1900163fc2": "why many Americans who have become rich may have had a \"substantial head start\".",
    "5727e8424b864d1900163fc3": "Inherited wealth may help explain why many Americans wh",
    "5729d44b1d04691400779611": "the top 400 richest Americans \"have more wealth than half of all Americans combined.",
    "5729d44b1d04691400779612": "\" According to the New York Times",
    "5729d44b1d04691400779613": "Inherited wealth may help explain why many Americans wh",
    "5729d44b1d04691400779614": "In September 2012, according to the Institute for Policy Studies",
    "5729d44b1d04691400779615": "\"grew up in substantial privilege\".",
    "5727e9523acd2414000def95": "s.",
    "5727e9523acd2414000def96": ".",
    "5727e9523acd2414000def97": ".",
    "5727e9523acd2414000def98": "Thus",
    "5727e9523acd2414000def99": "Within labor income distribution is",
    "5729d51d3f37b3190047858f": ".",
    "5729d51d3f37b31900478590": "With",
    "5729d51d3f37b31900478591": "In this perspective, wages and profits are deter",
    "5729d51d3f37b31900478592": ".",
    "5729d51d3f37b31900478593": ".",
    "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986e": "Over the long-",
    "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986f": ".",
    "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9870": ".",
    "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9871": "ome for the capitalist class.",
    "5729d609af94a219006aa661": ".",
    "5729d609af94a219006aa662": "In Marxian analysis, capitalist firms",
    "5729d609af94a219006aa663": "Over the long-term, this trend increases the organic composition of capital,",
    "5729d609af94a219006aa664": ".",
    "5729d609af94a219006aa665": ".",
    "5727ec062ca10214002d99b6": "will not be controlled by these organizations, or by the employer, but rather by the market.",
    "5727ec062ca10214002d99b7": ".",
    "5727ec062ca10214002d99b8": "Employers who off",
    "5727ec062ca10214002d99b9": "Employers who off",
    "5727ec062ca10214002d99ba": "\"",
    "5729d878af94a219006aa66b": ".",
    "5729d878af94a219006aa66c": "Wages work in the same way as prices for any other good.",
    "5729d878af94a219006aa66d": "Thus, wages can be considered as a function of market price of skill.",
    "5729d878af94a219006aa66e": "On the other hand",
    "5729d878af94a219006aa66f": "\"",
    "5727ed2e3acd2414000df001": "A job",
    "5727ed2e3acd2414000df002": ".",
    "5727ed2e3acd2414000df003": "A job",
    "5727ed2e3acd2414000df004": "Prof",
    "5727ed2e3acd2414000df005": "A job",
    "5729da0faf94a219006aa675": "A job",
    "5729da0faf94a219006aa676": "A job",
    "5729da0faf94a219006aa677": "This is because competition between workers drives down the wage.",
    "5729da0faf94a219006aa678": "A job",
    "5729da0faf94a219006aa679": "This is because competition between workers drives down the wage.",
    "5727ee372ca10214002d99ec": ".",
    "5727ee372ca10214002d99ed": "needs.",
    "5727ee372ca10214002d99ee": "needs.",
    "5727ee372ca10214002d99ef": "needs.",
    "5727ee372ca10214002d99f0": "entrepreneurship rates at the individual level (self-employment).",
    "5729de24af94a219006aa689": ".",
    "5729de24af94a219006aa68a": "However, most of it is often based on necessity rather than opportunity.",
    "5729de24af94a219006aa68b": "Necessity-based entrepreneurship is motivated by survival needs",
    "5729de24af94a219006aa68c": "needs.",
    "5729de24af94a219006aa68d": "The economic impact of the former type of entrepreneurialism tends",
    "5727ef664b864d1900164060": "the tax rate increases as the taxable base amount increases.",
    "5727ef664b864d1900164061": "In a progressive tax system, the level of the top tax rate will",
    "5727ef664b864d1900164062": "can result in a more equal distribution of income across the board.",
    "5727ef664b864d1900164063": "provided that income does not change as a result of the change in tax regime.",
    "5729e02f1d04691400779639": "the tax rate increases as the taxable base amount increases.",
    "5729e02f1d0469140077963a": "In a progressive tax system, the level of the top tax rate w",
    "5729e02f1d0469140077963b": "can result in a more equal distribution of income across the board.",
    "5729e02f1d0469140077963c": "Additionally, steeper tax progressivity applied to social spending",
    "5727f05b4b864d1900164068": "e inequality.",
    "5727f05b4b864d1900164069": "wages.",
    "5727f05b4b864d190016406a": "directly to lower incomes, and thus lower aggregate savings and investment.",
    "5727f05b4b864d190016406b": "the productive potential of the poor.",
    "5727f05b4b864d190016406c": "wages.",
    "5729e1101d04691400779641": ".",
    "5729e1101d04691400779642": "Education, especially in an area where there is a high demand for workers, creates hi",
    "5729e1101d04691400779643": "wages.",
    "5729e1101d04691400779644": "directly to lower incomes, and thus lower aggregate savings and investment.",
    "5729e1101d04691400779645": "it helps to unleash the productive potential of the poor.",
    "5727f16c3acd2414000df05b": ".",
    "5727f16c3acd2414000df05c": ".",
    "5727f16c3acd2414000df05d": "the rest of the nation had slowed its recovery from the 2008-2009 recession and",
    "5727f16c3acd2414000df05e": ".",
    "5729e1e36aef0514001550ba": ".",
    "5729e1e36aef0514001550bb": "recovery from the 2008-2009 recession and made it more prone to boom-and-bust cycles.",
    "5729e1e36aef0514001550bc": "To partially remedy the wealth gap",
    "5729e1e36aef0514001550bd": ".",
    "5729e1e36aef0514001550be": "it more prone to boom-and-bust cycles.",
    "5727f2714b864d1900164072": ".",
    "5727f2714b864d1900164073": "In fact, it differs from the present high school education",
    "5727f2714b864d1900164074": "which led to a decrease in the price of skilled labor.",
    "5727f2714b864d1900164075": ".",
    "5727f2714b864d1900164076": "Th",
    "5729e2b76aef0514001550ce": ".",
    "5729e2b76aef0514001550cf": "which led to a decrease in the price of skilled labor.",
    "5729e2b76aef0514001550d0": "In fact, it differs from the present high school education",
    "5729e2b76aef0514001550d1": "Education is very important for the growth of the economy,",
    "5729e2b76aef0514001550d2": "thus creating a poverty trap.",
    "5727f6723acd2414000df0e7": "Despite popular prejudices to the contrary, the U.S.",
    "5727f6723acd2414000df0e8": "all the continental European countries for which data is available.",
    "5727f6723acd2414000df0ea": "outcomes.",
    "5727f6723acd2414000df0e9": "outcomes.",
    "5729e38daf94a219006aa69d": "one of the causes of economic inequality.",
    "5729e38daf94a219006aa69e": "\"The",
    "5729e38daf94a219006aa69f": "one of the causes of economic inequality.",
    "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a0": "At",
    "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a1": ".",
    "5727f7523acd2414000df10d": ".",
    "5727f7523acd2414000df10e": "d with weak labor movements and vice-versa.",
    "5727f7523acd2414000df10f": "that the decline of organized labor in the United States",
    "5727f7523acd2414000df110": "which were also experienced by other industrialized nations that",
    "5729e4291d04691400779651": "which were also experienced by other industrialized nations that",
    "5729e4291d04691400779652": "ty.",
    "5729e4291d04691400779653": "th",
    "5729e4291d04691400779654": "He points out that nations with high rates of unionization, particularly in Scandinavia,",
    "5729e4291d04691400779655": "weak labor movements and vice-versa.",
    "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a18": "When rich countries trade with poor countries",
    "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a19": "When rich countries trade with poor countries",
    "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1a": "s.",
    "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1b": "workers that could be affected by competition from poor countries.",
    "5729f1283f37b319004785d7": "Trade liberalization may shift economic inequality from a global to a domestic scale.",
    "5729f1283f37b319004785d8": ".",
    "5729f1283f37b319004785d9": "that trade liberalisation has had a measurable effect on the rising inequality in the United States.",
    "5729f1283f37b319004785da": "However",
    "5729f1283f37b319004785db": "that technological innovation and automation has meant that low-skilled jobs have",
    "5727fd123acd2414000df185": ".",
    "5727fd123acd2414000df186": "The income gap in other countries ranges from 53% in Botswana to -40% in Bah",
    "5727fd123acd2414000df187": "in.",
    "5727fd123acd2414000df188": "erence.",
    "5729f1c13f37b319004785e7": "In many countries, there is a Gender pay gap in favor of males in the labor market.",
    "5729f1c13f37b319004785e8": "In many countries, there is a Gender pay gap in favor of males in the labor market.",
    "5729f1c13f37b319004785e9": "when looking for work, and may be less willing to travel or relocate.",
    "5729f1c13f37b319004785ea": "Thomas Sowell, in his book Knowledge and Decisions,",
    "5729f1c13f37b319004785eb": ".",
    "5727ff083acd2414000df1ab": ".",
    "5727ff083acd2414000df1ac": "that levels of economic inequality are in large part the result of stages of development.",
    "5727ff083acd2414000df1ad": "having more wealth and income and introducing inequality.",
    "5727ff083acd2414000df1ae": ".",
    "5729f24baf94a219006aa6dd": "have relatively equal distributions of wealth.",
    "5729f24baf94a219006aa6de": "part the result of stages of development.",
    "5729f24baf94a219006aa6df": "As",
    "5729f24baf94a219006aa6e0": "having more wealth and income and introducing inequality.",
    "5729f24baf94a219006aa6e1": "Eventually, through various possible redistribution mechanisms su",
    "57287b322ca10214002da3be": "during its High school movement from 1910 to 1940 and thereafter.",
    "57287b322ca10214002da3bf": "United States",
    "57287b322ca10214002da3c0": "given time.",
    "57287b322ca10214002da3c1": "given time.",
    "5729f3883f37b319004785f1": ".",
    "5729f3883f37b319004785f2": "what is now known as the Kuznets curve.",
    "5729f3883f37b319004785f3": "However, more recent testing of this theory with superior panel data has shown it to be very weak.",
    "5729f3883f37b319004785f4": "income inequality will eventually decrease given time.",
    "5729f3883f37b319004785f5": ".",
    "57287c2bff5b5019007da26c": "According to this theory, those who already hold wealth have",
    "57287c2bff5b5019007da26d": "According to this theory, those who already hold wealth",
    "57287c2bff5b5019007da26e": "tribute to the persistence of inequality within society.",
    "57287c2bff5b5019007da26f": "tribute to the persistence of inequality within society.",
    "5729f4273f37b319004785fb": "newly created wealth con",
    "5729f4273f37b319004785fc": "leverage the accumulation of wealth,",
    "5729f4273f37b319004785fd": "Over time, wealth condensation can",
    "5729f4273f37b319004785fe": "Thomas Piketty in his book Capital in the Twenty-First Century",
    "5729f4273f37b319004785ff": "that larger fortunes generate higher returns [",
    "5729f4e46aef051400155157": "market forces should serve as a brake on such concentration,",
    "5729f4e46aef051400155156": "which may better be explained by the non-market force known as \"rent-seeking\".",
    "5729f4e46aef051400155158": "While the market",
    "5729f4e46aef051400155159": ".",
    "5729f4e46aef05140015515a": "the wealth that would otherwise have been produced without their effort\"",
    "5729f60caf94a219006aa6ef": "Effects of inequality researchers",
    "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f0": "when human capital is neglected for high-end consumption.",
    "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f1": "For the top 21 industrialised countries",
    "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f2": "Effects of inequality researchers",
    "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f3": ".",
    "572a05eb3f37b31900478653": "that rising inequality in the United States and elsewhere is the most important problem.",
    "572a05eb3f37b31900478654": "that rising inequality in the United States and elsewhere is the most important problem.",
    "572a05eb3f37b31900478655": "has a negative effect on subsequent long-run economic growth.",
    "572a05eb3f37b31900478656": "and erodes self-esteem promoting social dislocation, unrest and conflict.",
    "572a05eb3f37b31900478657": "Poli",
    "572a06866aef0514001551be": ".",
    "572a06866aef0514001551bf": "in countries and states with higher inequality.",
    "572a06866aef0514001551c0": "in countries and states with higher inequality.",
    "572a06866aef0514001551c2": "income.",
    "572a06866aef0514001551c1": "ome.",
    "572a070c6aef0514001551c8": ".",
    "572a070c6aef0514001551c9": "This pat",
    "572a070c6aef0514001551ca": "where life expectancy increases rapidly as per capita income increases",
    "572a070c6aef0514001551cb": "American",
    "572a070c6aef0514001551cc": "Life expectancy in Sweden (80 years) and Japan (82) \u2013 wh",
    "572a07a86aef0514001551d2": "that has strongly correlated with health in developed countries is income inequality.",
    "572a07a86aef0514001551d3": "Cre",
    "572a07a86aef0514001551d4": "Creating an index of",
    "572a07a86aef0514001551d5": "\", and more common among states in the US with larger income inequalities.",
    "572a07a86aef0514001551d6": "but not per capita income.",
    "572a0a391d046914007796df": "Crime rate has also been shown to be correlated with inequality in society.",
    "572a0a391d046914007796e0": ".",
    "572a0a391d046914007796e1": "where income differences are larger.",
    "572a0a391d046914007796e3": ".",
    "572a0a391d046914007796e2": "The",
    "572a0bafaf94a219006aa765": "Fol",
    "572a0bafaf94a219006aa766": "An additional",
    "572a0bafaf94a219006aa767": "An ad",
    "572a0bafaf94a219006aa768": ".",
    "572a0bafaf94a219006aa769": "a society with more equality will have higher aggregate utility.",
    "572a0c541d046914007796f3": "income should be the measure of inequality",
    "572a0c541d046914007796f4": "inc",
    "572a0c541d046914007796f5": "1986.",
    "572a0c541d046914007796f6": "The",
    "572a0c541d046914007796f7": "The Hidden Prosperity of the Poor\" by journalist Thomas B. Edsall.",
    "572a0d21af94a219006aa783": "low.",
    "572a0d21af94a219006aa784": "have created deep financial 'fault lines' that",
    "572a0d21af94a219006aa785": "being the most recent example.",
    "572a0d21af94a219006aa786": "To compensate for stagnating and declining purchasing power",
    "572a0d21af94a219006aa787": "\" fueled by unsustainable monetary stimulation.",
    "572a0e0e1d04691400779707": "According to International Monetary Fund economists, inequality in wealth and income",
    "572a0e0e1d04691400779708": "High levels of inequality prevent not just economic prosperity,",
    "572a0e0e1d04691400779709": "Ac",
    "572a0e0e1d0469140077970a": "bottom 20 percent (the poor) is associated with higher GDP growth.",
    "572a0e0e1d0469140077970b": "The",
    "572a0ecb1d04691400779717": "increasing inequality harms economic growth.",
    "572a0ecb1d04691400779718": "increasing inequality harms economic growth.",
    "572a0ecb1d04691400779719": "has a negative effect on subsequent long-run economic growth.",
    "572a0ecb1d0469140077971a": "Unemployment can harm growth not on",
    "572a0ecb1d0469140077971b": "Policies aimin",
    "572a1046af94a219006aa78d": ".",
    "572a1046af94a219006aa78e": ".",
    "572a1046af94a219006aa78f": "...",
    "572a1046af94a219006aa790": "The main reason for this shift is the increasing importance of human capital in development.",
    "572a1046af94a219006aa791": "ion has become the secret to growth.",
    "572a11663f37b31900478693": ".",
    "572a11663f37b31900478694": ".",
    "572a11663f37b31900478695": ".",
    "572a11663f37b31900478696": "He",
    "572a11663f37b31900478697": "Also, very unequal societies tend to be politically and socially unstable,",
    "572a12381d0469140077972d": "According to work by Barro in 1999 and 2000,",
    "572a12381d0469140077972e": "but encourage growth in richer countries.",
    "572a12381d0469140077972c": ".",
    "572a12381d0469140077972b": "Resear",
    "572a12381d0469140077972f": ".",
    "572a13841d0469140077973b": "have sometimes found evidence confirming the Kuznets curve hypothesis",
    "572a13841d0469140077973c": "decreases.",
    "572a13841d0469140077973d": "Studies",
    "572a13841d0469140077973e": "Thomas Piketty",
    "572a13841d0469140077973f": "Thomas Piketty challenges this notion, claiming that from 1914 to 1945 w",
    "572a18a4af94a219006aa7df": "which inequality may have a positive effect on economic development.",
    "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e0": ".",
    "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e1": ".",
    "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e2": "because it takes several years for effects to manifest as changes to economic growth.",
    "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e3": "are robustly associated with more equality in the income distribution.",
    "572a1a5c6aef051400155284": ".",
    "572a1a5c6aef051400155285": "can depend on the existing level of inequality.",
    "572a1a5c6aef051400155286": ".",
    "572a1a5c6aef051400155287": "\"",
    "572a1a5c6aef051400155288": "it is not sufficient for progress on reducing poverty.",
    "572a1ba46aef05140015528e": "In many poor and developing countries much land and housing",
    "572a1ba46aef05140015528f": "through various associations and other arrangements.",
    "572a1ba46aef051400155290": "excessive bureaucratic red tape in buying property and building,",
    "572a1ba46aef051400155291": ".",
    "572a1ba46aef051400155292": "it can take over 200 steps and up to 14 years to build on government land.",
    "572a1c943f37b319004786e1": ".",
    "572a1c943f37b319004786e2": ".",
    "572a1c943f37b319004786e3": ".",
    "572a1c943f37b319004786e4": "Through gentrification of older neighbourhoods, for example, in East New York",
    "572a1c943f37b319004786e5": "The ad valorem property tax policy",
    "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f5": "Firstly",
    "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f6": "who are worse equipped to manage their finances.",
    "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f7": "aspiring to achieve the standards of living enjoyed by the",
    "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f8": "one method of achieving this aspiration is by taking on debt.",
    "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f9": ".",
    "572a1f086aef0514001552c0": "The smaller the economic inequality",
    "572a1f086aef0514001552c1": ".",
    "572a1f086aef0514001552c2": "As such, the current high level of population has a large impact on this as well.",
    "572a1f086aef0514001552c3": "while still not resulting in an increase of environmental damage.",
    "572a1fe16aef0514001552d0": ".",
    "572a1fe16aef0514001552d1": "wh",
    "572a1fe16aef0514001552d2": ".",
    "572a1fe16aef0514001552d3": "the means of production should be socially owned so that",
    "572a1fe16aef0514001552d4": "would be reflective of individual contributions to the social product.",
    "572a20816aef0514001552e4": "that the ideal moral society would be one where all individuals are free from force.",
    "572a20816aef0514001552e5": "Robert Nozick argued that government redistributes wealth by force",
    "572a20816aef0514001552e6": "that the ideal moral society would be one where all individuals are free from force.",
    "572a20816aef0514001552e7": "However, Nozick recognized that some modern economic inequalities we",
    "572a20816aef0514001552e8": "John Rawls argued in A Theory of Justice",
    "572a213e6aef0514001552ee": "\u201ccapability deprivation\u201d.",
    "572a213e6aef0514001552ef": "an the end itself",
    "572a213e6aef0514001552f0": ".",
    "572a213e6aef0514001552f1": "It",
    "572a213e6aef0514001552f2": "ability to pursue valued goals).",
    "572a2224af94a219006aa823": ".",
    "572a2224af94a219006aa824": "An old, ill man cannot earn as much as a healthy young man;",
    "572a2224af94a219006aa825": ".",
    "572a2224af94a219006aa826": "people from going to work for fear of their lives.",
    "572a2224af94a219006aa827": "can thus work towards a better relevant income.",
    "5727efabff5b5019007d98e2": "Doctor Who is a British science-fiction television programme produced by the BBC since 1963",
    "5727efabff5b5019007d98e3": "Doctor Who is a British science-fiction television programme produced by the BBC since 1963",
    "5727efabff5b5019007d98e4": "He explores the universe in his TARDIS, a sentient time-travelling space ship.",
    "5727efabff5b5019007d98e5": "Doctor Who is",
    "5727efabff5b5019007d98e6": "Doctor Who is a British science-fiction television programme produced by the BBC since 1963",
    "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f2": ".",
    "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f3": "The programme was relaunched in 2005 by Russell T Davies,",
    "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f4": "(1981).",
    "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f5": "Doctor Who al",
    "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f6": "Doctor Who al",
    "5727f18c3acd2414000df063": "Twelve actors have headlined the series as the Doctor.",
    "5727f18c3acd2414000df064": "Matt Smith's exit in the 2013 Christmas special \"The Time of the Doctor\".",
    "5727f18c3acd2414000df065": "Matt Smith's exit in the 2013 Christmas special \"The Time of the Doctor\".",
    "5727f18c3acd2414000df066": "be fatal to most other species.",
    "5727f18c3acd2414000df067": "be fatal to most other species.",
    "5727f2583acd2414000df087": "Do",
    "5727f2583acd2414000df088": "He fled from Gallifrey",
    "5727f2583acd2414000df089": ".",
    "5727f2583acd2414000df08a": "ich normally allows the machine to take on the appearance of local objects as a disguise.",
    "5727f2583acd2414000df08b": ".",
    "5727f3193acd2414000df0a5": "He of",
    "5727f3193acd2414000df0a6": "As a Time Lord",
    "5727f3193acd2414000df0a7": "As a Time Lord, the Doctor has the ability to regenerate when his body is mortally damaged,",
    "5727f3193acd2414000df0a8": "His companions are usually humans, as he has found a fascination with planet Earth.",
    "5727f3193acd2414000df0a9": ".",
    "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a32": "s",
    "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a33": ".",
    "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a34": "When the script was presented to Newman and",
    "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a35": "Whitaker commissioned Terry Nation to write a story under the title The Mutants.",
    "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a36": "each episode 25 minutes of transmission length.",
    "5727f5622ca10214002d9a44": "The BBC drama department's serials division produced the programme for 26 seasons",
    "5727f5622ca10214002d9a45": "the BBC repeatedly affirmed that the series would return.",
    "5727f5622ca10214002d9a46": "the documentary Doctor Who: More Than 30 Years in the TARDIS) it",
    "5727f5622ca10214002d9a47": "the BBC repeatedly affirmed that the series would return.",
    "5727f5622ca10214002d9a48": "the BBC repeatedly affirmed that the series would return.",
    "5727f678ff5b5019007d9956": "the BBC hoped to find an independent production company to relaunch the show.",
    "5727f678ff5b5019007d9957": "about such a venture as early as July 1989,",
    "5727f678ff5b5019007d9958": ".",
    "5727f678ff5b5019007d9959": "it was less so in the United States and did not lead to a series.",
    "5727f678ff5b5019007d995a": ".",
    "5727f746ff5b5019007d9960": "Doctor Who finally returned with the episode \"Rose\" on BBC One on 26 March 2005.",
    "5727f746ff5b5019007d9961": "Doctor Who finally returned with the episode \"Rose\" on BBC One on 26 March 2005.",
    "5727f746ff5b5019007d9963": "No full series was filmed in 2009,",
    "5727f746ff5b5019007d9964": ".",
    "5727f746ff5b5019007d9962": "Ther",
    "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7c": "needed]).",
    "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7d": "The 2005 version of Doctor Who is a direct plot continuation of the original 1963\u20131989 series",
    "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7e": ".",
    "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7f": "wh",
    "5727f8342ca10214002d9a80": "but differs from most other series relaunches wh",
    "5727fc7f4b864d1900164160": "It",
    "5727fc7f4b864d1900164161": "It",
    "5727fc7f4b864d1900164162": "It",
    "5727fc7f4b864d1900164163": "o.",
    "5727fc7f4b864d1900164164": ".",
    "5727fdb94b864d190016417c": "The phrase retains this association with Doctor Who,",
    "5727fdb94b864d190016417d": ".",
    "5727fdb94b864d190016417e": ".",
    "5727fdb94b864d190016417f": "and a 2011 online vote at Digital Spy deemed the series the \"scariest TV show of all time\".",
    "5727fdb94b864d1900164180": "a 2011 online vote at Digital Spy deemed the series the \"scariest TV show of all time\".",
    "5727fed73acd2414000df1a1": "A BBC audience research survey conducted in 1972 found that",
    "5727fed73acd2414000df1a2": "The same report found that 3%",
    "5727fed73acd2414000df1a3": "Doctor Who was the most violent of the drama programmes the corporation produced at the time.",
    "5727fed73acd2414000df1a4": "both are fantasies, but one is meant to be taken seriously.",
    "5727fed73acd2414000df1a5": ".",
    "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8c": ".",
    "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8d": ".",
    "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8e": "The image of the TARDIS",
    "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8f": "In",
    "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a90": "In 1996,",
    "572800b03acd2414000df1f1": "Doctor Who originally ran for 26",
    "572800b03acd2414000df1f2": "y.",
    "572800b03acd2414000df1f3": "Notable exceptions were",
    "572800b03acd2414000df1f4": "The Trial of a Time Lord",
    "572800b03acd2414000df1f5": "Guardian Trilogy.",
    "572801823acd2414000df1fb": "The serial format changed for the 2005 revival",
    "572801823acd2414000df1fc": ".",
    "572801823acd2414000df1fd": "an extended episode broadcast on Christmas Day.",
    "572801823acd2414000df1fe": "\"The Eleventh Hour\" from 2010 exceeded an hour in length.",
    "572801823acd2414000df1ff": "\"The Eleventh Hour\" from 2010 exceeded an hour in length.",
    "5728023a4b864d19001641f4": "Doctor Who instalments",
    "5728023a4b864d19001641f5": "Doctor Who instalments have been televised since 1963,",
    "5728023a4b864d19001641f6": "Do",
    "5728023a4b864d19001641f7": "and 2013.",
    "5728023a4b864d19001641f8": "and 2013.",
    "572803493acd2414000df229": ".",
    "572803493acd2414000df22a": "most notably seasons 3, 4, & 5, from which 79 episodes are missing).",
    "572803493acd2414000df22b": "from which 79 episodes are missing",
    "572803493acd2414000df22c": ".",
    "572803493acd2414000df22d": "most notably seasons 3, 4, & 5, from which 79 episodes are missing).",
    "572804522ca10214002d9b94": "Some episodes have been returned to the BBC from the archives of other countries wh",
    "572804522ca10214002d9b95": "Early colour videotape recordings made off-air by fans",
    "572804522ca10214002d9b97": "Short clips from every story with the exception of Marco Polo",
    "572804522ca10214002d9b96": "that were shown on other programmes.",
    "572804522ca10214002d9b98": "Some episodes have been returned to the BBC from the archives of other countries wh",
    "572805363acd2414000df26d": "The missing episodes of The Reign of Terror",
    "572805363acd2414000df26e": "reconstructed the missing episodes 1 and 4 of The Invasion (1968),",
    "572805363acd2414000df26f": "The BBC,",
    "572805363acd2414000df270": "The missing episodes of The Reign of Terror",
    "572805363acd2414000df271": "DVD release in November 2006.",
    "57280757ff5b5019007d9b42": "the Second Doctor underwent a \"change of appearance\".",
    "57280757ff5b5019007d9b43": "This was first prompted by original star William Hartnell's poor health.",
    "57280757ff5b5019007d9b44": "This was first prompted by original star William Hartnell's poor health.",
    "57280757ff5b5019007d9b45": "This was first prompted by original star William Hartnell's poor health.",
    "57280757ff5b5019007d9b46": "the Second Doctor underwent a \"change of appearance\".",
    "572808bf4b864d190016429a": "a Time Lord can only regenerate 12 times, for a total of 13 incarnations.",
    "572808bf4b864d190016429b": "a Time Lord can only regenerate 12 times, for a total of 13 incarnations.",
    "572808bf4b864d190016429c": "The episode \"The Time of the Doctor\"",
    "572808bf4b864d190016429d": ".",
    "572808bf4b864d190016429e": ".",
    "572809ab4b864d19001642ae": "have headlined the series, others have portrayed versions of the Doctor in guest roles.",
    "572809ab4b864d19001642af": "to the show's 50th anniversary special \"The Day of the Doctor\".",
    "572809ab4b864d19001642b0": "where Michael Jayston portrayed the Valeyard, wh",
    "572809ab4b864d19001642b1": "where Michael Jayston portrayed the Valeyard",
    "572809ab4b864d19001642b2": "the Doctor in guest roles.",
    "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c66": "In",
    "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c67": "For this episode, Richard Hurndall replaced William Hartnell.",
    "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c68": "In 2007, Peter Davison returned in the Children in Need",
    "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c6a": "The",
    "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c69": "For this episode, Richard Hurndall replaced William Hartnell.",
    "57280cac2ca10214002d9ca8": "The Sirens of Time.",
    "57280cac2ca10214002d9ca9": "was released with additional archive recordings of Jon Pertwee.",
    "57280cac2ca10214002d9caa": "e together again to star in the audio drama The Four Doctors.",
    "57280cac2ca10214002d9cab": "Again",
    "57280cac2ca10214002d9cac": ".",
    "57280e323acd2414000df349": "which had been trailed throughout the series.",
    "57280e323acd2414000df34a": "In The Brain of Morbius (1976)",
    "57280e323acd2414000df34b": "In Mawdryn Undead (1983), the Fifth Doctor explicitly confirmed that",
    "57280e323acd2414000df34c": "me.",
    "57280e323acd2414000df34d": "Later that same year, during 1983's 20th Anniversary special The Five Doctors",
    "57280f0d3acd2414000df35b": "Susan Foreman.",
    "57280f0d3acd2414000df35c": "the Doctor has a granddaughter, Susan Foreman.",
    "57280f0d3acd2414000df35d": "The 2005 series reveals that the Ninth Doctor thought he was the last surviving Time Lord,",
    "57280f0d3acd2414000df35e": "Before the war even began, I was a father and a grandfather. No",
    "57280f0d3acd2414000df35f": "Now I am neither.",
    "5728103eff5b5019007d9c30": "Doctor Who since the programme's inception in 1963.",
    "5728103eff5b5019007d9c31": "the Doctor travels alone is The Deadly Assassin.",
    "5728103eff5b5019007d9c33": "Doctor Who since the programme's inception in 1963.",
    "5728103eff5b5019007d9c34": "the Doctor who was to act as a mysterious father figure.",
    "5728103eff5b5019007d9c32": "t as a mysterious father figure.",
    "572811434b864d190016438c": "Sin",
    "572811434b864d190016438d": ".",
    "572811434b864d190016438e": "The Eleventh Doctor became the first to travel with a married couple,",
    "572811434b864d190016438f": "Pearl Mackie as Bill, the Doctor's newest traveling companion.",
    "572811434b864d1900164390": "Donna Noble (Catherine Tate) with",
    "572812142ca10214002d9d2a": "With the show's 2005 revival, executive producer Russell T Davies",
    "572812142ca10214002d9d2b": "the Autons with the Nestene Consciousness",
    "572812142ca10214002d9d2c": "Wh",
    "572812142ca10214002d9d2d": "Specials.",
    "572812142ca10214002d9d2e": "and Zygons in the 50th Anniversary Special.",
    "572812eaff5b5019007d9c80": "are Doctor Who's oldest villains.",
    "572812eaff5b5019007d9c81": "The Daleks are Kaleds from the planet Skaro,",
    "572812eaff5b5019007d9c82": "Davros has also been a recurring figure since his debut in Genesis of the Daleks",
    "572812eaff5b5019007d9c83": "mutated by the scientist Davros and housed in mechanical armour shells for mobility.",
    "572812eaff5b5019007d9c84": "Their main weakness is their eyestalk;",
    "572813b52ca10214002d9d68": "The Master is the Doctor's archenemy",
    "572813b52ca10214002d9d69": ".",
    "572813b52ca10214002d9d6a": "The Master returned in the 1996 television movie of Doctor Who",
    "572813b52ca10214002d9d6b": "The Master",
    "572813b52ca10214002d9d6c": "The Master was briefly played by Peter Pratt and Geoffrey Beevers un",
    "572814882ca10214002d9d72": "This incarnation is played by Michelle Gomez.",
    "572814882ca10214002d9d73": "who returned to the role multiple times through the Tenth Doctor's tenure.",
    "572814882ca10214002d9d74": "Master\").",
    "572814882ca10214002d9d75": ".",
    "572814882ca10214002d9d76": ".",
    "572816213acd2414000df429": "The original theme",
    "572816213acd2414000df42a": ".",
    "572816213acd2414000df42b": "The various parts were built up using musique concr\u00e8te techniques",
    "572816213acd2414000df42c": "The original theme was composed by Ron Grainer and realised by Delia Derbyshire",
    "572816213acd2414000df42d": "this was before the era of multitrack tape machines.",
    "5728177f2ca10214002d9db0": "A different arrangement was recorded by Peter Howell for season 18 (1980)",
    "5728177f2ca10214002d9db1": "The Trial of a Time Lord in season 23 (1986)",
    "5728177f2ca10214002d9db2": "Keff McCulloch provided the new arrangement for the Seventh Do",
    "5728177f2ca10214002d9db3": "For the return of the series in 2005",
    "572817802ca10214002d9db4": "For the return of the series in 2005, Murray Gold provided a new arrangement",
    "5728185f3acd2414000df45b": "A new arrangement of the theme",
    "5728185f3acd2414000df45d": "In 2011",
    "5728185f3acd2414000df45c": "which was reported to have had a hostile reception from some viewers.",
    "5728185f3acd2414000df45e": "He was responsible for a new version of the theme wh",
    "5728185f3acd2414000df45f": "was made for the 50th Anniversary special \"The Day of the Doctor\" in November 2013.",
    "572819864b864d190016447e": "In the early 1970s, Jon Pertwee, who had played the Third Doctor",
    "572819864b864d190016447f": "Versions of the \"Doctor Who Theme\"",
    "572819864b864d1900164480": "which reached number 24 in the UK charts.",
    "572819864b864d1900164481": "In 1988 the band The Justified Ancients of Mu Mu (",
    "572819864b864d1900164482": "Others who have covered or reint",
    "57281a952ca10214002d9dea": "Dudley Simpson,",
    "57281a952ca10214002d9deb": ".",
    "57281a952ca10214002d9dec": ".",
    "57281a952ca10214002d9ded": ".",
    "57281a952ca10214002d9dee": ".",
    "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfa": "All the incidental music for the 2005 revived series has been composed by Murray Gold and Ben Foster",
    "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfb": "Children in Need.",
    "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfc": "A",
    "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfd": "A Doctor Who Prom was celebrated on 27 July 2008 in",
    "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfe": "All the incidental music for the 2005",
    "57281cb22ca10214002d9e1e": "Six soundtrack releases have been released since 2005.",
    "57281cb22ca10214002d9e1f": "The first featured tracks from the first two series",
    "57281cb22ca10214002d9e20": "The fourth was released on 4 October 2010 as",
    "57281cb22ca10214002d9e21": ".",
    "57281cb22ca10214002d9e22": "The soundtrack for Series 5 was released on 8 November 2010.",
    "57281f203acd2414000df4f5": "The original logo used for the First Doctor",
    "57281f203acd2414000df4f6": "The logo for the Twelfth Doctor had the \"DW\" TARDIS insignia removed and",
    "57281f203acd2414000df4f7": "the current Doctor Wh",
    "57281f203acd2414000df4f8": "relating to the current Doctor.",
    "57281f203acd2414000df4f9": "\"The Day of the Doctor\" during the Eleventh Doctor's run.",
    "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9c": "the first episode of Doctor Who was repeated with the second episode the following week.",
    "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9d": "Doctor Who has always appeared initially on the BBC's mainstream BBC One channel,",
    "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9e": ".",
    "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9f": "The first of these was the \"Dalekmania\" period (circa 1964\u20131965),",
    "57282036ff5b5019007d9da0": "Doctor Who has always appeared initially on the BBC's mainstream BBC One channel",
    "572821ceff5b5019007d9db2": "it has consistently had high viewership levels for the evening on which the episode is broad",
    "572821ceff5b5019007d9db3": "a leading cause of the programme's 1989 suspension.",
    "572821ceff5b5019007d9db4": "During the ITV network strike of 1979, viewership peaked at 16 million.",
    "572821ceff5b5019007d9db5": "Coronation Street, the most popular show at the time.",
    "572821ceff5b5019007d9db6": "it has consistently had high viewership levels for the evening on which the episode is broad",
    "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd4": "Only four episodes have ever had their premiere showings on channels other than BBC One.",
    "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd5": "The",
    "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd6": "Finally, the 1996 television film premi\u00e8red on 12",
    "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd7": "it aired on Fox in the United States.",
    "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd8": "The 1983 20th anniversary special The Five Doctors",
    "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed6": "In Australia, the show",
    "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed7": "The Five Doctors in 1983.",
    "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed8": "BBC UKTV, SF and later on SyFy upon SF's closure.",
    "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed9": "The ABC has",
    "5728245b2ca10214002d9eda": "The ABC broadcasts the modern series first run on ABC1, with repeats on ABC2.",
    "572825714b864d1900164590": "TVOntario",
    "572825714b864d1900164591": "TVOntario picked up the show in 1976 beginning with The Three Doctors",
    "572825714b864d1900164592": "The series moved to the Canadian cable channel Space in 2009.",
    "572825714b864d1900164593": "Its airing of The Talons of Weng-Chiang",
    "572825714b864d1900164594": "after the episode concluded,",
    "572826762ca10214002d9f2c": "including a trivia question as part of a viewer contest)",
    "572826762ca10214002d9f2d": "were played over the closing credits;",
    "572826762ca10214002d9f2e": "st of the country.",
    "572826762ca10214002d9f2f": "country.",
    "572826762ca10214002d9f30": "country.",
    "5728274cff5b5019007d9e26": "DVD.",
    "5728274cff5b5019007d9e27": "Eight original series serials have been released on Laserdisc and",
    "5728274cff5b5019007d9e28": "One episode of Doctor Who (The Infinite Quest) was released on VCD.",
    "5728274cff5b5019007d9e29": "except for the 1970 story Spearhead from Space, released in July 2013.",
    "5728274cff5b5019007d9e2a": "Only the series from 2009 onwards are available on Blu-ray,",
    "572828383acd2414000df5c3": "In the early 1970s",
    "572828383acd2414000df5c4": "In the late 1980s",
    "572828383acd2414000df5c5": "Doctor Who has appeared on stage numerous times.",
    "572828383acd2414000df5c6": "In the early 1970s, Trevor Martin played the role in Doctor Who",
    "572828383acd2414000df5c7": "Doctor Who has appeared on stage numerous times.",
    "572829532ca10214002d9fa2": "BBC",
    "572829532ca10214002d9fa3": "Torchwood (an anagram of \"Doctor Who\"),",
    "572829532ca10214002d9fa4": ".",
    "572829532ca10214002d9fa5": "A third series was broadcast from 6 to 10 July 2009, and consisted of a single five-",
    "572829532ca10214002d9fa6": "e.",
    "57282f204b864d190016468a": "The Sarah Jane Adventures, starring Elisabeth Sladen",
    "57282f204b864d190016468b": "began on 24 September 2007.",
    "57282f204b864d190016468c": "began on 24 September 2007.",
    "57282f204b864d190016468d": "began on 24 September 2007.",
    "57282f204b864d190016468e": "uncompleted due to the death of Elisabeth Sladen in early 2011.",
    "5728303e4b864d19001646aa": "In 1993,",
    "5728303e4b864d19001646ab": "In",
    "5728303e4b864d19001646ac": "Dimensions in Time was produced for Children in Need",
    "5728303e4b864d19001646ad": "the picture would look normal to those viewers who watched without the glasses.",
    "5728303e4b864d19001646ae": "The special was one of several special 3D programmes the BBC produced at the time,",
    "572831512ca10214002da04a": "was made for Comic Relief and later released on VHS.",
    "572831512ca10214002da04b": "eks.",
    "572831512ca10214002da04c": "During the special the Doctor is",
    "572831512ca10214002da04d": "During the special the Doctor is forced to regenerate several times",
    "572831512ca10214002da04e": "er to be head writer and executive producer to the revived series.",
    "572833662ca10214002da086": "It has also be referenced in Destroy All Humans!",
    "572833662ca10214002da087": ".",
    "572833662ca10214002da088": "In",
    "572833662ca10214002da089": "Doctor Who fan",
    "572833662ca10214002da08a": "Refer",
    "572834524b864d1900164716": "the first original Doctor Who audio was released on LP record;",
    "572834524b864d1900164717": "the first original Doctor Who audio was released on LP record;",
    "572834524b864d1900164718": "the first original Doctor Who audio was released on LP record;",
    "572834524b864d1900164719": "Ten years later, the first original Doctor Who audio was released on LP record",
    "572834524b864d190016471a": "was transmitted.",
    "572835854b864d190016472e": "Doctor Who audios on CD.",
    "572835854b864d190016472f": "The",
    "572835854b864d1900164730": "Doctor Who audios on CD.",
    "572835854b864d1900164731": "as audiobooks.",
    "572835854b864d1900164732": "Tom Baker's Fourth Doctor began appearing for Big Finish in 2012.",
    "572836732ca10214002da0dc": "the Virgin New Adventures and Virgin Missing Adventures.",
    "572836732ca10214002da0dd": "books have been published from the mid-sixties through to the present day.",
    "572836732ca10214002da0de": "Doctor Who Magazine with newsstand circulation has been published regularly since 1979",
    "572836732ca10214002da0df": "ctor Who Adventures magazine for younger fans.",
    "572836732ca10214002da0e0": "a new range of novels have been published by BBC Books.",
    "572837402ca10214002da0f4": "Since the creation of the Doctor Who character by BBC Television in the early 1960s,",
    "572837402ca10214002da0f5": "Since the creation of the Doctor Who character by BBC Television in the early 1960s,",
    "572837402ca10214002da0f6": ".",
    "572837402ca10214002da0f7": ".",
    "572838323acd2414000df737": "winning the 2006 British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series and five consecutive",
    "572838323acd2414000df738": ".",
    "572838323acd2414000df739": "In 2011",
    "572838323acd2414000df73a": "y.",
    "572838323acd2414000df73b": "Michelle Gomez became the first female to receive a BAFTA nomination for the series,",
    "57283a392ca10214002da118": "the \"most successful\" science fiction series of all time\u2014",
    "57283a392ca10214002da119": "for the largest ever simulcast of a TV drama with its 50th anniversary special.",
    "57283a392ca10214002da11a": "use of electronic music (originally produced by the BBC Radiophonic Workshop).",
    "57283a392ca10214002da11b": "(originally produced by the BBC Radiophonic Workshop).",
    "57283a392ca10214002da11c": "the largest ever simulcast of a TV drama with its 50th anniversary special.",
    "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa4": ".",
    "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa5": "the corporation had ever produced,",
    "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa6": "produced by the British Film Institute and voted on by industry professionals.",
    "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa7": "In",
    "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa8": "the 1963\u20131989 run was placed at number eight.",
    "57283ce72ca10214002da14c": "Doctor Who was",
    "57283ce72ca10214002da14d": "It won five BAFTA TV Awards",
    "57283ce72ca10214002da14e": "It was very popular at the BAFTA Cymru Awards, with",
    "57283ce72ca10214002da14f": ".",
    "57283ce72ca10214002da150": ".",
    "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc6": "ctor Who has been nominated for over 200 awards and has won over a hundred of them.",
    "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc7": "Doctor Who has been nominated for over 200",
    "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc8": "ctor Who has been nominated for over 200 awards and has won over a hundred of them.",
    "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc9": "Do",
    "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fca": "It has won the Short Form of the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation,",
    "57283e652ca10214002da166": "Doctor Who has",
    "57283e652ca10214002da167": ".",
    "57283e652ca10214002da168": "Milligan, naked, hurls a soap sponge at it) and Lenny Henry.",
    "57283e652ca10214002da16a": "Doctor Who fandom has also been lampooned on programs such as Saturday Night Live,",
    "57283e652ca10214002da169": "Jon Culshaw",
    "57283c464b864d19001647c8": "Chicago.",
    "57283c464b864d19001647c9": "The university, established in 1890, consists of The College",
    "57283c464b864d19001647ca": "Chicago is also well known for its professional schools,",
    "57283c464b864d19001647cb": ".",
    "57283c464b864d19001647cc": "The university currently enrolls approximately",
    "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbc": "University of Chicago scholars have played a major role in the development",
    "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbd": "Chicago's physics department helped develop the world's first man-made",
    "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbe": "Chicago's physics department helped develop the world's first man-made",
    "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbf": "the largest university press in the United States.",
    "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fc0": ".",
    "57283f014b864d19001647e8": "the University of Chicago was incorporated in 1890;",
    "57283f014b864d19001647e9": "Founded by the American Baptist Education Society",
    "57283f014b864d19001647ea": "John D. Rockefeller, the University of Chicago was incorporated in 1890;",
    "57283f014b864d19001647eb": "William Rainey Harper became the university's first president in 1891,",
    "57283f014b864d19001647ec": "John D. Rockefeller, the University of Chicago was incorporated in 1890;",
    "57284142ff5b5019007da00a": "The University of Chicago",
    "57284142ff5b5019007da00b": "pledge of $100,000.",
    "57284142ff5b5019007da00c": "who provided the funds for the campus' first building,",
    "57284142ff5b5019007da00d": "pledge of $100,000.",
    "57284142ff5b5019007da00e": "Charles L. Hutchinson (trustee, treasurer and donor of Hutchinson Common",
    "572843304b864d1900164848": "In the 1890s",
    "572843304b864d1900164849": "In 1896, the university affiliated with Shimer College in Mount Carroll, Illinois.",
    "572843304b864d190016484a": "The University of Chicago ag",
    "572843304b864d190016484b": "The",
    "572843304b864d190016484c": "attend an affiliated school on the same terms and receive credit for their work.",
    "57284456ff5b5019007da05c": "Also,",
    "57284456ff5b5019007da060": "kn",
    "57284456ff5b5019007da05f": "created.",
    "57284456ff5b5019007da05e": "during his 24-year tenure.",
    "57284456ff5b5019007da05d": "In 1929,",
    "57284618ff5b5019007da0a8": "courses.",
    "57284618ff5b5019007da0a9": ".",
    "57284618ff5b5019007da0aa": "after their second year, having taken comparable or identical examinations and courses.",
    "57284618ff5b5019007da0ab": "the Hyde Park neighborhood.",
    "57284618ff5b5019007da0ac": "During this period the university, like Shimer College and 10 others, adop",
    "572847ff3acd2414000df869": "George Beadle's office in a protest over the university's off-campus rental policies.",
    "572847ff3acd2414000df86a": "George Beadle's office in a protest over the university's off-campus rental policies.",
    "572847ff3acd2414000df86b": "issued what became known as the Kalven Report.",
    "572847ff3acd2414000df86c": "After continued turmoil, a university committee in 1967 issued what became kn",
    "572847ff3acd2414000df86d": "The report, a two-page statement of the university's policy in",
    "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f2": "From the mid-2000s",
    "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f3": "In 2008, the University of Chicago announced plans to establish the Milton Friedman Institute wh",
    "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f4": "ich attracted both support and controversy from faculty members and students.",
    "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f5": "In 2008, the University of Chicago announced plans to establish the Milton Friedman Institute wh",
    "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f6": "wh",
    "57284b904b864d19001648e2": "which make up what is now known as the Main Quadrangles,",
    "57284b904b864d19001648e3": "The",
    "57284b904b864d19001648e4": "The buildi",
    "57284b904b864d19001648e5": "Mitchell Tower, for example, is modeled after Oxford's Magdalen Tower,",
    "57284b904b864d19001648e6": "Hutchinson Hall, replicates Christ Church Hall.",
    "57284d484b864d1900164900": "After the 1940s, the Gothic style on campus began to give way to modern styles.",
    "57284d484b864d1900164901": "In 1955, Eero Saarinen was contracted to develop a second master plan,",
    "57284d484b864d1900164902": "a bu",
    "57284d484b864d1900164903": "tion",
    "57284d484b864d1900164904": "Another master plan, designed in 1999 and updated in 2004, produc",
    "57284e9fff5b5019007da150": "Chicago.",
    "57284e9fff5b5019007da151": "The Center in Paris, a campus located on the left bank of the Seine in Paris",
    "57284e9fff5b5019007da152": "In fall 2010, the University of Chicago also opened a center in Beijing",
    "57284e9fff5b5019007da153": ".",
    "57284e9fff5b5019007da154": "and a center in Hong Kong which opened in 2015.",
    "5728501aff5b5019007da166": "The University of Chicago is governed by a board of trustees.",
    "5728501aff5b5019007da167": ".",
    "5728501aff5b5019007da168": ".",
    "5728501aff5b5019007da169": "Andrew Alper, and the President of the university is Robert Zimmer.",
    "5728501aff5b5019007da16a": "aacs was replaced as Provost in March 2016 by",
    "5728510f4b864d1900164936": "The university is accredited by The Higher Learning Commission.",
    "5728510f4b864d1900164937": ".",
    "5728510f4b864d1900164938": "Commission.",
    "57285213ff5b5019007da180": "s.",
    "57285213ff5b5019007da181": "s.",
    "57285213ff5b5019007da182": "The college's academics are divided into five divisions:",
    "57285213ff5b5019007da183": "which do not fit in one of the other four divisions.",
    "572853e8ff5b5019007da188": "the university's core curriculum known as the Common Core.",
    "572853e8ff5b5019007da189": "Core.",
    "572853e8ff5b5019007da18a": ".",
    "572853e8ff5b5019007da18b": "Undergraduate courses at the University of Chicago are",
    "572855973acd2414000df925": "It operates the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools",
    "572855973acd2414000df926": ".",
    "572855973acd2414000df927": "on the South Side of Chicago administered by the university's Urban Education Institute.",
    "572855973acd2414000df928": "In",
    "572855973acd2414000df929": ".",
    "572856beff5b5019007da190": "The University of Chicago Library system encompasses six libraries that contain a total of",
    "572856beff5b5019007da191": "the 11th most among library systems in the United States.",
    "572856beff5b5019007da192": "The university's main library is the Regenstein Library",
    "572856beff5b5019007da193": ".",
    "572856beff5b5019007da194": "The John Crerar Library con",
    "57285841ff5b5019007da19a": "The university operates 12 research institutes and 113 research centers on campus.",
    "57285841ff5b5019007da19b": "The university operates 12 research institutes and 113 research centers on campus.",
    "57285841ff5b5019007da19c": "Among these are the Oriental Institute\u2014",
    "57285841ff5b5019007da19d": "as well as a stake in the Apache Point Observatory in Sunspot, New Mexico.",
    "57285841ff5b5019007da19e": "stake in the Apache Point Observatory in Sunspot, New Mexico.",
    "57286010ff5b5019007da1ca": "In economics",
    "57286010ff5b5019007da1cb": "the university was the site of the Chicago Pile-1 (the",
    "57286010ff5b5019007da1cc": "The chemical experiment that tested how life originated on early Earth,",
    "57286010ff5b5019007da1cd": "sleep was discovered at the university in 1953 by Nathaniel Kleitman and Eugene Aserinsky.",
    "572861cc4b864d190016495e": "It",
    "572861cc4b864d190016495f": "The",
    "572861cc4b864d1900164960": "The",
    "572861cc4b864d1900164961": "The",
    "572861cc4b864d1900164962": "Several thousand major and non-major undergraduates",
    "572863363acd2414000df985": "In the fall quarter of 2014, the University of Chicago enrolled 5,792 students in the College",
    "572863363acd2414000df986": "3,468 students in its four graduate divisions,",
    "572863363acd2414000df987": "5,792 students in the College,",
    "572863363acd2414000df988": "In the fall quarter of 2014, the University of Chicago enrolled 5,792 students in the College,",
    "572863363acd2414000df989": "international students comprised almost 19% of the overall study body, over",
    "572864542ca10214002da2de": ".",
    "572864542ca10214002da2df": "The Maroons compete in the NCAA's Division III",
    "572864542ca10214002da2e0": ".",
    "572864542ca10214002da2e1": ".",
    "572864542ca10214002da2e2": "The university was a founding member of the Big Ten Conference",
    "5728659f4b864d190016498a": "The university's competitive Model United Nations team was the top ranked team in North America in",
    "5728659f4b864d190016498b": ".",
    "5728659f4b864d190016498c": ".",
    "5728659f4b864d190016498d": "Among notable RSOs",
    "5728659f4b864d190016498e": "Off-Off Campus, and the university-owned radio station WHPK.",
    "5728667eff5b5019007da1fc": ".",
    "5728667eff5b5019007da1fd": ".",
    "5728667eff5b5019007da1fe": ".",
    "5728667eff5b5019007da1ff": "Its annual budget is greater than $2 million.",
    "572867543acd2414000df9a1": "There are fifteen fraternities and seven sororities at the University of Chicago",
    "572867543acd2414000df9a2": "There are fifteen fraternities and seven sororities at the University of Chicago",
    "572867543acd2414000df9a3": "as well as one co-ed community service fraternity, Alpha Phi Omega.",
    "572867543acd2414000df9a4": "Four of the sororities are members of the National Panhellenic Conference, and",
    "572867543acd2414000df9a5": "and ten of the fraternities form the University of Chicago Interfraternity Council.",
    "5728683b3acd2414000df9af": "items from a list.",
    "5728683b3acd2414000df9b0": "items from a list.",
    "5728683b3acd2414000df9b1": "takes over campus for 7\u201310 days of exhibitions and interactive artistic endeavors.",
    "5728683b3acd2414000df9b2": "Every January, the university holds a week-long winter festival,",
    "5728683b3acd2414000df9b3": "The university also annually holds a summer carnival and concert called Summer Breeze that",
    "57286951ff5b5019007da20e": "Silver.",
    "57286951ff5b5019007da20f": "Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella, Oracle Corporation founder and the third richest man in",
    "57286951ff5b5019007da210": "the third richest man in America",
    "57286951ff5b5019007da211": "In business, notable alumni include Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella,",
    "57286951ff5b5019007da212": "McKinsey & Company founder and author of the first management accounting textbook James",
    "57286ab72ca10214002da31e": "Saul Alinsky,",
    "57286ab72ca10214002da31f": "Saul Alinsky, Obama campaign advisor and top political advisor to President",
    "57286ab72ca10214002da320": "Saul Alinsky,",
    "57286ab72ca10214002da321": "Governor of the Bank of Japan Masaaki Shirakawa",
    "57286ab72ca10214002da322": "field of government and politics include the founder of modern community organizing Saul Alinsky,",
    "57286bf84b864d19001649d4": "\"The Closing of the American Mind\" Allan Bloom,",
    "57286bf84b864d19001649d6": ".",
    "57286bf84b864d19001649d2": "Before I Fall",
    "57286bf84b864d19001649d5": "The Good War\" author Studs Terkel,",
    "57286bf84b864d19001649d3": "alumni.",
    "57286d7d4b864d19001649e0": "In the arts and entertainment, minimalist composer Philip Glass,",
    "57286d7d4b864d19001649e1": "Katherine Dunham, Bungie founder and developer of the Halo",
    "57286d7d4b864d19001649e2": "video game series Alex Seropian",
    "57286d7d4b864d19001649e3": "graduates.",
    "57286d7d4b864d19001649e4": "graduates.",
    "57286ec63acd2414000df9d1": "Carl Sagan,",
    "57286ec63acd2414000df9d2": "In science",
    "57286ec63acd2414000df9d3": "Sc).",
    "57286ec63acd2414000df9d4": "lithium-ion battery developer John B. Goodenough,",
    "57286ec63acd2414000df9d5": "wh",
    "572870b2ff5b5019007da222": "Milton Friedman",
    "572870b2ff5b5019007da223": "Thomas Sowell is also an alumnus.",
    "572870b2ff5b5019007da224": "the first American to win the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, and Eugene Fama,",
    "572870b2ff5b5019007da225": "known for his work on portfolio theory,",
    "572871bc4b864d1900164a04": "tington.",
    "572871bc4b864d1900164a05": ".",
    "572871bc4b864d1900164a06": "tington.",
    "572872dd2ca10214002da37e": "Notable faculty in physics have included the speed of light",
    "572872dd2ca10214002da37f": "discoverer of the Compton Effect Arthur H. Compton,",
    "572872dd2ca10214002da380": "Enrico Fermi,",
    "572872dd2ca10214002da381": "Enrico Fermi, \"the father of the hydrogen bomb",
    "572872dd2ca10214002da382": "who introduced the quark, second female Nobel laureate Maria Goeppert-Mayer",
    "5728742cff5b5019007da246": "Past faculty have also included Egyptologist James Henry Breasted,",
    "5728742cff5b5019007da247": "Past faculty have also included Egyptologist James Henry Breasted,",
    "5728742cff5b5019007da248": "Past faculty have also included Egyptologist James Henry Breasted,",
    "5728742cff5b5019007da249": "the developer of the actinide concept and Nobel Prize winner Yuan T. Lee,",
    "5728742cff5b5019007da24a": "Past faculty have also included Egyptologist James Henry Breasted,",
    "5728759cff5b5019007da25b": "current governor of India's central bank Raghuram Rajan,",
    "5728759cff5b5019007da25a": "former Chairman of Pres",
    "5728759cff5b5019007da25c": "Pape.",
    "5728759cff5b5019007da25d": "Pape.",
    "5728759cff5b5019007da25e": "Current faculty include the anthropologist Marshall Sahlins,",
    "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b6": "The Yuan dynasty (Chinese: \u5143\u671d; pinyin: Yu\u00e1n Ch\u00e1o),",
    "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b7": "The Yuan dynasty",
    "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b8": "The Yuan dynasty (Chinese: \u5143\u671d; pinyin: Yu\u00e1n Ch\u00e1o),",
    "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b9": ".",
    "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1ba": "[a])",
    "572860e03acd2414000df977": ".",
    "572860e03acd2414000df978": "The Yuan",
    "572860e03acd2414000df979": ".",
    "572860e03acd2414000df97a": "yet he placed his grandfather Genghis Khan on",
    "57286192ff5b5019007da1dc": "before the actual establishment of the Yuan dynasty by Kublai Khan in 1271.",
    "57286192ff5b5019007da1dd": "In 1271",
    "57286192ff5b5019007da1de": "before the actual establishment of the Yuan dynasty by Kublai Khan in 1271.",
    "57286192ff5b5019007da1df": "In 1271",
    "57286192ff5b5019007da1e0": "held the nominal title of Great Khan",
    "572863c72ca10214002da2d4": "Genghis Khan united the Mongol",
    "572863c72ca10214002da2d5": "Great Khan in 1206.",
    "572863c72ca10214002da2d6": "Under the reign of Genghis' third son,",
    "572863c72ca10214002da2d7": "Great Khan in 1206.",
    "572863c72ca10214002da2d8": ".",
    "572864dd4b864d1900164976": "Many Han Chinese and Khitan defected to the Mongols to fight against the Jin.",
    "572864dd4b864d1900164977": "Many Han Chinese and Khitan defected to the Mongols to fight against the Jin.",
    "572864dd4b864d1900164978": "Many Han Chinese and Khitan defected to the Mongols to fight against the Jin.",
    "572864dd4b864d1900164979": "s, with each Tumen consisting of 10,000 troops.",
    "572864dd4b864d190016497a": "There were 4 Han Tumens and 3 Khitan Tumens,",
    "5728661e2ca10214002da2e8": "Shi Tianze was a Han Chinese who lived in the Jin dynasty.",
    "5728661e2ca10214002da2e9": "Shi Tianze was a Han Chinese who lived in the Jin dynasty",
    "5728661e2ca10214002da2ea": "Interethnic marriage between Han and Jurchen became common at this time.",
    "5728661e2ca10214002da2eb": "Shi Tianze was a Han Chinese who lived in the Jin dynasty.",
    "5728661e2ca10214002da2ec": "on the Song dynasty ordered by T\u00f6regene Khatun.",
    "572867212ca10214002da2f2": "the Chinese Song dynasty in southern China.",
    "572867212ca10214002da2f3": "the Chinese Song dynasty in southern China.",
    "572867212ca10214002da2f4": "He died in 1259 without a successor.",
    "572867212ca10214002da2f5": "Kublai convened a kurultai in Kaiping that elected him Great Khan.",
    "572867212ca10214002da2f6": "the Chinese era name of Zhongtong.",
    "572867d72ca10214002da2fc": "Ogedei's grandson Ka",
    "572867d72ca10214002da2fd": "Instability troubled the early years of Kublai Khan's reign.",
    "572867d72ca10214002da2fe": "Wonjong as the ruler of Korea, making it a Mongol tributary state.",
    "572867d72ca10214002da2ff": "Kublai was also threatened by domestic unrest.",
    "572867d72ca10214002da300": ".",
    "572869b84b864d19001649ae": ".",
    "572869b84b864d19001649b0": ".",
    "572869b84b864d19001649b2": "However",
    "572869b84b864d19001649b1": "However, Kublai rejected plans",
    "572869b84b864d19001649af": ".",
    "57286b003acd2414000df9c1": "Kubla",
    "57286b003acd2414000df9c2": "Kublai readied the move of the Mongol capital from Karakorum in Mongolia to Khanbaliq",
    "57286b003acd2414000df9c3": "Kublai readied the move of the Mongol capital from Karakorum in Mongolia to Khanbaliq",
    "57286b003acd2414000df9c4": "Beijing, in 1266.",
    "57286b003acd2414000df9c5": ".",
    "57286bb84b864d19001649c8": "Kublai Khan promoted commercial, scientific, and cultural growth.",
    "57286bb84b864d19001649c9": ".",
    "57286bb84b864d19001649ca": "Kublai expanded the Grand Canal from southern China to Daidu in the north.",
    "57286bb84b864d19001649cb": "Kublai expanded the Grand Canal from southern China to Daidu in the north.",
    "57286bb84b864d19001649cc": "Kublai expanded the Grand Canal from southern China to Daidu in the north.",
    "57286c8cff5b5019007da218": "the Duke Yansheng Kong Duanyou fled south with the Song Emperor to Quzhou,",
    "57286c8cff5b5019007da219": ".",
    "57286c8cff5b5019007da21a": ".",
    "57286c8cff5b5019007da21b": "Kong Duanyou's brother Kong Duancao",
    "57286c8cff5b5019007da21c": "Confucius's descendants in Quzhou alone number 30,000.",
    "57286d4f2ca10214002da328": "He renewed a massive drive against the Song dynasty to the south.",
    "57286d4f2ca10214002da329": "Kublai besieged Xiangyang between 1268 and 1273,",
    "57286d4f2ca10214002da32a": "Kublai besieged Xiangyang",
    "57286d4f2ca10214002da32b": "He renewed a massive drive against the Song dynasty to the south.",
    "57286d4f2ca10214002da32c": "The last Song emperor drowned, bringing an end to the Song dynasty.",
    "57286dfa2ca10214002da332": "Vietnam",
    "57286dfa2ca10214002da333": "Kublai's second invasion of Japan in",
    "57286dfa2ca10214002da334": ".",
    "57286dfa2ca10214002da335": "The",
    "57286dfa2ca10214002da336": "The",
    "57286ead2ca10214002da346": "However, the corruption in the Yuan dynasty began during the reign of Tem\u00fcr Khan.",
    "57286ead2ca10214002da347": "but he died before Kublai in 1285.",
    "57286ead2ca10214002da348": "he died before Kublai in 1285.",
    "57286ead2ca10214002da349": "before Kublai in 1285.",
    "57286ead2ca10214002da34a": "However, the corruption in the Yuan dynasty began during the reign of Tem\u00fcr Khan.",
    "57286f373acd2414000df9db": "He had been mentored by Li Meng, a Confucian academic.",
    "57286f373acd2414000df9dc": "to the discontent of some Mongol elite.",
    "57286f373acd2414000df9dd": "He had been mentored by Li Meng, a Confucian academic.",
    "57286f373acd2414000df9de": "He had been mentored by Li Meng, a Confucian academic.",
    "57286f373acd2414000df9df": "s.",
    "57286fa83acd2414000df9e5": "Emperor Gegeen Khan, Ayurbarwada's son",
    "57286fa83acd2414000df9e6": "Emperor Gegeen Khan",
    "57286fa83acd2414000df9e7": "with the help of his newly appointed grand chancellor Baiju.",
    "57286fa83acd2414000df9e8": "ed.",
    "57286fa83acd2414000df9e9": ".",
    "5728705c2ca10214002da35a": "When Yes\u00fcn Tem\u00fcr died in Shangdu",
    "5728705c2ca10214002da35b": "Tugh Tem\u00fcr eventually w",
    "5728705c2ca10214002da35c": "However, Kusala suddenly died only four days after a banquet with Tugh Tem\u00fcr.",
    "5728705c2ca10214002da35d": "He was supposedly killed with poison by El Tem\u00fcr, and Tugh Tem\u00fcr the",
    "5728705c2ca10214002da35e": "Afterwards, Tugh Tem\u00fcr abdicated in favour of his brother Kusala",
    "5728710c3acd2414000df9ef": "Tugh Tem\u00fcr is known for his cultural contribution instead.",
    "5728710c3acd2414000df9f0": "Tugh Tem\u00fcr is known for his cultural contribution instead.",
    "5728710c3acd2414000df9f1": "Tugh Tem\u00fcr is known for his cultural contribution instead.",
    "5728710c3acd2414000df9f2": "The",
    "5728710c3acd2414000df9f3": "Tugh Tem\u00fcr is known for his cultural contribution instead.",
    "572871bd3acd2414000dfa03": "He also gave a few early signs of a new and positive direction in central government.",
    "572871bd3acd2414000dfa04": "His first administration clearly exhibited fresh new spirit.",
    "572871bd3acd2414000dfa05": "One of his successful projects was to finish the long-",
    "572871bd3acd2414000dfa06": "was summoned back from Guangxi and succeeded to the throne.",
    "572871bd3acd2414000dfa07": "ich were eventually completed in 1345.",
    "572872822ca10214002da374": "The final years",
    "572872822ca10214002da375": "In time",
    "572872822ca10214002da376": "the later Yuan emperors were short and marked by intrigues and rivalries.",
    "572872822ca10214002da377": "Outlaws ravaged the country without interference from the weakening Yuan armies.",
    "572872822ca10214002da378": "the later Yuan emperors were short and marked by intrigues and rivalries.",
    "57287338ff5b5019007da232": ".",
    "57287338ff5b5019007da233": "In 1351, the Red Turban Rebellion started and grew into a nationwide uprising.",
    "57287338ff5b5019007da234": "Toghun Tem\u00fcr suddenly dismissed him for fear of betrayal.",
    "57287338ff5b5019007da235": "He",
    "57287338ff5b5019007da236": "Yingchang was seized by the Ming shortly after his death.",
    "572878942ca10214002da3a2": "It had significantly eased trade and commerce across Asia until its decline;",
    "572878942ca10214002da3a3": ".",
    "572878942ca10214002da3a4": "the Ilkhanate, encouraged this development.",
    "572878942ca10214002da3a5": "popularized during the Yuan dynasty.",
    "572879574b864d1900164a14": "ety.",
    "572879574b864d1900164a15": "Buddhism (especially Tibetan Buddhism) flourished, although Taois",
    "572879574b864d1900164a16": ".",
    "572879574b864d1900164a17": ".",
    "572879574b864d1900164a18": "Advan",
    "57287b4a4b864d1900164a28": "The first recorded travels by Europeans to China and back date from this time.",
    "57287b4a4b864d1900164a29": "ulture, as well the practice of foot binding by the women in capital of the Great Khan.",
    "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2a": "Some argue over the accuracy of Marco Polo's",
    "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2b": "Some argue over the accuracy of Marco Polo's",
    "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2c": "named were in Persian.",
    "57287c142ca10214002da3d0": "the astronomer Guo Shoujing,",
    "57287c142ca10214002da3d1": "the Yuan",
    "57287c142ca10214002da3d2": "empire.",
    "57287c142ca10214002da3d3": "During the Yuan period, Beijing became the terminus of the Grand Canal of China",
    "57287c142ca10214002da3d4": ".",
    "57287ccb2ca10214002da3da": "The Yuan dynasty was the first time that non-native Chinese people ruled all of China",
    "57287ccb2ca10214002da3db": "wh",
    "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dc": "the Yuan dynasty as a legitimate dynasty of China, but",
    "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dd": "the Yuan dynasty as a legitimate dynasty of China,",
    "57287ccb2ca10214002da3de": "who did not consider the Yuan dynasty as a legitimate dynasty of China, but",
    "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e4": "While the official terminology of the institutions",
    "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e5": ".",
    "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e6": "Chinese advisers such as Liu Bingzhong and Yao Shu gave",
    "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e7": ".",
    "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e8": "This government adop",
    "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa3f": "the real military authority in Yuan times resided in the Privy Council.",
    "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa40": "which had been introduced since the Sui and Tang dynasties)",
    "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa41": "who had separate courts of justice.",
    "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa42": "the real military authority in Yuan times resided in the Privy Council.",
    "57287e512ca10214002da3f8": ".",
    "57287e512ca10214002da3f9": ".",
    "57287e512ca10214002da3fa": "Most of the Emperors could not master written Chinese",
    "57287e512ca10214002da3fb": "e mother was a Tangut concubine. The",
    "57287e512ca10214002da3fc": "g),",
    "57287ee3ff5b5019007da274": "were selling their children into slavery.",
    "57287ee3ff5b5019007da275": "Seeing this as damaging to the Mongol nation, Kublai in",
    "57287ee3ff5b5019007da276": "eaten up by costs of equipping and dispatching men for their tours of duty.",
    "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa51": "In the China of the Yuan,",
    "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa52": "many of the artists practicing these different pursuits",
    "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa53": "ous Yuan poets.",
    "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa54": "In",
    "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa55": "the zaju variety show was the incorporation of poetry both classical and of the newer qu form.",
    "57287fec4b864d1900164a3c": "However, unlike the western khanates, the Yuan dynasty never converted to Islam.",
    "57287fec4b864d1900164a3d": "He and his successors kept a Sakya Imperial Preceptor (Dishi) at court.",
    "57287fec4b864d1900164a3e": "As a result, Tibetan Buddhism was established as the de facto state religion.",
    "57287fec4b864d1900164a3f": "throughout the empire.",
    "57287fec4b864d1900164a40": "As a result, Tibetan Buddhism was established as the de facto state religion.",
    "5728804b4b864d1900164a46": ".",
    "5728804b4b864d1900164a47": "using a rectangular array of coefficients, equivalent to modern matrices.",
    "5728804b4b864d1900164a48": "The mathematician Zhu Shijie (",
    "5728804b4b864d1900164a49": "Advances in polynomial algebra were made by mathematicians during the Yuan era.",
    "5728804b4b864d1900164a4a": "His method is described in the Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns",
    "5728809f2ca10214002da40c": "Guo Shoujing applied mathematics to the construction of calendars.",
    "5728809f2ca10214002da40d": "Gou derived a cubic interpolation formula for his astronomical calculations.",
    "5728809f2ca10214002da40e": "Gou derived a cubic interpolation formula for his astronomical calculations.",
    "5728809f2ca10214002da40f": "Gou derived a cubic interpolation formula for his astronomical calculations.",
    "5728809f2ca10214002da410": "as the official calendar of the Yuan dynasty.",
    "572881022ca10214002da416": "Healers were divided into non-Mongol physicians called otachi and",
    "572881022ca10214002da417": ".",
    "572881022ca10214002da418": "Healers",
    "572881022ca10214002da419": "Kub",
    "572881022ca10214002da41a": ".",
    "572881704b864d1900164a50": "but advocated different theoretical approaches toward medicine.",
    "572881704b864d1900164a51": "but advocated different theoretical approaches toward medicine.",
    "572881704b864d1900164a52": ".",
    "572881704b864d1900164a53": "Chinese medical techniques",
    "572881704b864d1900164a54": ".",
    "572881d34b864d1900164a5a": "where it was sometimes labeled as huihui or Muslim medicine.",
    "572881d34b864d1900164a5b": "the Interpreter founded the Office of Western Medicine in 1263 during the reign of Kublai.",
    "572881d34b864d1900164a5c": "the Interpreter founded the Office of Western Medicine in 1263 during the reign of Kublai.",
    "572881d34b864d1900164a5d": "Chinese physicians opposed West",
    "572881d34b864d1900164a5e": "Chinese phys",
    "572882242ca10214002da420": ".",
    "572882242ca10214002da421": "Wang Zhen's",
    "572882242ca10214002da422": "Wang Zhen's Nong Shu were printed with earthenware movable type",
    "572882242ca10214002da423": "\u00d6gedei's wife, is one of the first printed works sponsored by the Mongols.",
    "572882242ca10214002da424": "In 1273, the Mongols created the Imperial Library Directorate",
    "5728827b2ca10214002da42a": "the paper money of the Yuan.",
    "5728827b2ca10214002da42b": "Chao were made from the bark of mulberry trees.",
    "5728827b2ca10214002da42c": "but switched to bronze plates in 1275.",
    "5728827b2ca10214002da42d": "but switched to bronze plates in 1275.",
    "5728827b2ca10214002da42e": "where he explained Yuan paper money to the Il-khanate court of Gaykhatu.",
    "572883153acd2414000dfa6f": ".",
    "572883153acd2414000dfa70": "the traditional Chinese autocratic-bureaucratic system.",
    "572883153acd2414000dfa71": "the Mongols and the Semuren (various allied groups from Central Asia and",
    "572883153acd2414000dfa72": "The",
    "572883153acd2414000dfa73": "the possibility that Persians did so in the Ilkhanate.",
    "572883a33acd2414000dfa79": "At the same time the Mongols imported Central Asian Muslims to serve as administrators in China",
    "572883a33acd2414000dfa7a": "using foreigners to curtail the power of the local peoples of both lands.",
    "572883a33acd2414000dfa7b": "Han Chinese we",
    "572883a33acd2414000dfa7c": "ere they worked as artisans and farmers.",
    "572883a33acd2414000dfa7d": "The",
    "57288428ff5b5019007da28e": "Despite the high position given to Muslims",
    "57288428ff5b5019007da28f": ".",
    "57288428ff5b5019007da290": "The Ming founder Zhu Yuanzhang had Muslim generals like Lan Yu wh",
    "57288428ff5b5019007da291": "Some Muslim communities had a Chinese surname wh",
    "57288428ff5b5019007da292": "The",
    "5728848cff5b5019007da298": "treated.",
    "5728848cff5b5019007da299": "treated.",
    "5728848cff5b5019007da29a": ".",
    "5728848cff5b5019007da29b": ".",
    "572885023acd2414000dfa83": ".",
    "572885023acd2414000dfa84": ".",
    "572885023acd2414000dfa85": "The Northern Chinese were ranked higher and",
    "572885023acd2414000dfa86": "The Northern Chinese were ranked higher",
    "572885023acd2414000dfa87": "ked.",
    "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8d": "When the Mongols placed the Uighurs of the Kingdom of Qocho over the Koreans",
    "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8e": "the Uighur King of Qocho was ranked higher than the Karluk Kara-Khanid ruler,",
    "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8f": "who in turn was ranked higher than the Korean King, who was ranked last",
    "5728855d3acd2414000dfa90": "When the Mongols placed the Uighurs of the Kingdom of Qocho",
    "572885c44b864d1900164a78": ".",
    "572885c44b864d1900164a79": "The Central Region",
    "572885c44b864d1900164a7a": ")",
    "572885c44b864d1900164a7b": ".",
    "572885c44b864d1900164a7c": "the Central Secretariat (or Zhongshu Sheng) at Khanbaliq (modern Beijing)",
    "5728dab94b864d1900164f96": "Its capital and largest city is Nairobi.",
    "5728dab94b864d1900164f97": "a founding member of the East African Community (EAC).",
    "5728dab94b864d1900164f98": "Its capital and largest city is Nairobi.",
    "5728dab94b864d1900164f99": "It",
    "5728dab94b864d1900164f9a": ".",
    "5728de0e2ca10214002da9dc": "Kenya has a warm and humid tropical climate on its Indian Ocean coastline.",
    "5728de0e2ca10214002da9dd": "The",
    "5728de0e2ca10214002da9de": "which has snow permanently on its peaks.",
    "5728de0e2ca10214002da9df": "landscapes.",
    "5728de0e2ca10214002da9e0": "Kenya is",
    "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac2": ".",
    "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac3": "the Bantu expansion had reached the area from West-Central Africa.",
    "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac4": "Bantu and Nilotic populations together constitute around 97% of the nation's residents.",
    "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac5": "European exploration of the interior began in the 19th century.",
    "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac6": "Kenya obtained independence in December 1963.",
    "5728f5376aef0514001548c4": "The Republic of Kenya is named after Mount Kenya.",
    "5728f5376aef0514001548c5": "which mean \"God's resting place\" in all three languages.",
    "5728f5376aef0514001548c6": "which mean \"God's resting place\" in all three languages.",
    "5728f9342ca10214002dab52": "Kenia and Kegnia believed by most to be a corruption of the Kamba version.",
    "5728f9342ca10214002dab53": "believed by most to be a corruption of the Kamba version.",
    "5728f9342ca10214002dab54": "1862.",
    "5728f9342ca10214002dab55": "indicated Mt. Kenya as Mt. Kenia, 1862.",
    "5728f9cf4b864d1900165166": ".",
    "5728f9cf4b864d1900165167": ".",
    "5728f9cf4b864d1900165168": ".",
    "5728f9cf4b864d1900165169": "The annual animal migration occurs between Jun",
    "5728f9cf4b864d190016516a": "in a constant clockwise fashion, searching for food and water supplies.",
    "5728fa576aef051400154920": "that primates roamed the area more than 20 million years ago.",
    "5728fa576aef051400154921": "ancestors of modern Homo sapiens, and lived in Kenya in the Pleistocene epoch.",
    "5728fa576aef051400154922": "paleoanthropologist Richard Leakey assisted by Kamoya Kimeu discovered the Turkana Boy",
    "5728fa576aef051400154923": "paleoanthropologist Richard Leakey assisted by Kamoya Kimeu discovered the Turkana Boy",
    "5728fa576aef051400154924": ".",
    "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3b": "The Swahili built Mombasa",
    "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3c": ".",
    "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3d": "ich",
    "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef5": "Throughout the centuries, the Kenyan Coast has played host to many merchants and explorers.",
    "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef6": ".",
    "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef7": "Among the cities that line the Kenyan coast is the City of Malindi.",
    "5729024f1d04691400778f5f": "At the outbreak of World War I in August 1914,",
    "5729024f1d04691400778f60": "the young colonies out",
    "5729024f1d04691400778f61": "Lt Col Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck took command of the German military forces,",
    "5729024f1d04691400778f62": "von Lettow con",
    "5729024f1d04691400778f63": ".",
    "572903d96aef0514001549a4": "The central highlands were already home to over a million members of the Kikuyu people",
    "572903d96aef0514001549a5": "most of whom had no land claims in European terms and lived as itinerant farmers.",
    "572903d96aef0514001549a6": "To protect their interests",
    "572903d96aef0514001549a7": "There were 80,000 white settlers living in Kenya in the 1950s.",
    "5729046aaf94a219006a9f4d": ".",
    "5729046aaf94a219006a9f4e": "During this period, substantial governmental changes to land tenure occurred.",
    "5729046aaf94a219006a9f4f": "Operation Anvil opened on 24 April 1954",
    "5729046aaf94a219006a9f50": ".",
    "5729046aaf94a219006a9f51": "During this period, substantial governmental changes to land tenure occurred.",
    "572906e23f37b31900477f8d": "The first direct elections for native Kenyans to the Legislative Council took place in 1957.",
    "572906e23f37b31900477f8e": "it was the Kenya African National Union (KANU) of Jomo Kenyatta that formed a government.",
    "572906e23f37b31900477f8f": "being conferred on all of Kenya.",
    "572906e23f37b31900477f90": "Kenya became an independent country under the Kenya Independence Act 1963 of the United Kingdom.",
    "572906e23f37b31900477f91": "Kenya became a republic under the name \"Republic of Kenya\".",
    "572909406aef0514001549dc": "The election held in 1988 saw the advent of the mlolongo (queuing) system",
    "572909406aef0514001549dd": ".",
    "572909406aef0514001549de": "In democratic, multiparty elections in 1992 and 1997, Daniel arap Moi won re-election.",
    "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc5": "affairs of the judiciary.",
    "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc6": ".",
    "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc7": "Executive power is exercised by the government.",
    "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc8": "The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.",
    "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc9": "judiciary.",
    "57290b21af94a219006a9fcf": "Kenya ranks low",
    "57290b21af94a219006a9fd0": ".",
    "57290b21af94a219006a9fd1": "In 2012,",
    "57290b21af94a219006a9fd2": ".",
    "57290d811d04691400778fcf": ".",
    "57290d811d04691400778fd0": "the Orange Democratic Movement (ODM).",
    "57290d811d04691400778fd1": "Th",
    "57290d811d04691400778fd2": ".",
    "57290e153f37b31900477fd9": "Since the election riots",
    "57290e153f37b31900477fda": "For example, the Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission initiated community dialogues",
    "57290e153f37b31900477fdb": "the Kenya National Dialogue and Reconciliation process was started.",
    "57290e153f37b31900477fdc": "started.",
    "57290ee2af94a219006a9fff": "ich Odinga would become Kenya's second Prime Minister.",
    "57290ee2af94a219006aa000": "ich Odinga would become Kenya's second Prime Minister.",
    "57290ee2af94a219006aa001": "Under the deal",
    "57290ee2af94a219006aa002": "before then.",
    "57290ee2af94a219006aa003": "before then.",
    "57290f963f37b31900477feb": "The new office of the PM will have power and authority to co-",
    "57290f963f37b31900477fec": "Jakaya Kikwete as they brought together the former rivals to the signing ceremony,",
    "57290f963f37b31900477fed": "beamed live on national TV from the steps of Nairobi's Harambee House.",
    "57290f963f37b31900477fee": "began working on the finer details of the power-sharing agreement.",
    "57290f963f37b31900477fef": "in which the two political parties would share power equally.",
    "572913626aef051400154a30": ".",
    "572913626aef051400154a31": "A constitutional change was considered that would eliminate the position of Prime Minister",
    "572913626aef051400154a32": "the new constitution passed by a wide margin.",
    "572913626aef051400154a33": "the new constitution passed by a wide margin.",
    "572913626aef051400154a34": "the new constitution heralding the Second Republic came into force.",
    "572914441d04691400779025": "which supporters of the law suggested was necessary to guard against armed groups.",
    "572914441d04691400779026": "the security bill, arguing that it infringed on democratic freedoms.",
    "572914441d04691400779027": "Opposition politicians, human rights groups, and nine Western countries",
    "572914441d04691400779028": "the security bill, arguing that it infringed on democratic freedoms.",
    "572914441d04691400779029": "about the law's potential impact.",
    "572914f46aef051400154a46": "President Kenyatta and Deputy President William Ruto related to the 2007 election aftermath",
    "572914f46aef051400154a47": "chose not to visit the country during his mid-2013 African trip.",
    "572914f46aef051400154a48": "Later in the summer, Kenyatta visited China at the invitation of President Xi Jinping",
    "572914f46aef051400154a49": "Barack Obama chose not to visit the country during his mid-2013 African trip.",
    "572915621d0469140077902f": "The armed forces are regularly deployed in peacekeeping missions around the world.",
    "572915621d04691400779030": "Further, in the aftermath of the national elections of December 2007",
    "572915621d04691400779031": "2007",
    "572915e43f37b31900478005": "have been tainted by corruption allegations.",
    "572915e43f37b31900478006": "the corruption has been less in public view,",
    "572915e43f37b31900478007": ".",
    "572915e43f37b31900478008": "Further, the wisdom and prudence of certain decisions of procurement have",
    "572916f16aef051400154a56": "it has a Human Development Index (HDI) of 0.519,",
    "572916f16aef051400154a57": "Although Kenya is the biggest and most advanced economy in east and central Africa,",
    "572916f16aef051400154a58": "17.7% of Kenyans lived on less than $1.25 a day.",
    "572916f16aef051400154a59": ".",
    "572917743f37b3190047800d": "boosted by rapid expansion in telecommunication and financial activity over the last decade",
    "572917743f37b3190047800f": "that have not attained food security \u2013 an important catalyst of economic growth",
    "572917743f37b31900478010": "aid.",
    "572917743f37b3190047800e": "75% of the labour force",
    "572917ff6aef051400154a5e": "ich contributes 61% of GDP, is dominated by tourism.",
    "572917ff6aef051400154a5f": "which contributes 61% of GDP, is dominated by tourism.",
    "572917ff6aef051400154a60": "The tourism sector has exhibited steady growth in most years since independence",
    "572917ff6aef051400154a62": "The tourism sector has exhibited steady growth in most years since independence",
    "572917ff6aef051400154a61": "Tourists, the largest number being from Germany and the United Kingdom,",
    "572918bd3f37b31900478016": "In 2005 agriculture, including forestry and fishing, accounted for 24% of GDP,",
    "572918bd3f37b31900478017": "The principal cash crops are tea, horticultural produce, and coffee.",
    "572918bd3f37b31900478015": "Agriculture",
    "572918bd3f37b31900478018": ".",
    "57291a7b1d0469140077903f": "A consortium led by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics",
    "57291a7b1d04691400779040": ".",
    "57291a7b1d04691400779041": "Successive projects encouraged the commercialisation of legumes,",
    "57291a7b1d04691400779042": ".",
    "57291a7b1d04691400779043": "in Nairobi and Mombasa.",
    "57291b461d04691400779049": "one of the most successful agricultural production regions in Africa.",
    "57291b461d0469140077904a": "wheat are grown in the fertile highlands,",
    "57291b461d0469140077904b": "aid.",
    "57291b461d0469140077904c": "(53% of the population lives below the poverty line),",
    "57291b461d0469140077904d": "prompting the Kenyans for Kenya initiative by the Red Cross.",
    "57291beb1d04691400779053": "Although Kenya is",
    "57291beb1d04691400779054": "manufacturing still accounts for only 14% of the GDP.",
    "57291beb1d04691400779055": "Industrial activity, concentrated around the three largest urban centres,",
    "57291beb1d04691400779056": "In addition, a substantial and expanding informal sec",
    "57291d9e3f37b31900478035": "has given a boost to manufacturing in recent years.",
    "57291d9e3f37b31900478036": "Since AGOA took effect in 2000,",
    "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09b": "The largest share of Kenya's electricity supply comes from hydroelectric stations",
    "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09c": "The largest share of",
    "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09d": "The state-owned Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen)",
    "57291f153f37b31900478043": "Kenya has proven deposits of oil in Turkana and",
    "57291f153f37b31900478044": "Tullow Oil estimates Kenya's oil reserves to be around 10 billion barrels.",
    "57291f153f37b31900478045": "Exploration is still continuing to determine if there are more reserves.",
    "57291f153f37b31900478046": "Petroleum accounts for 20% to 25% of the national import bill.",
    "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b1": "China",
    "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b2": "project.",
    "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b3": "\"Chinese investment in Kenya ...",
    "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b4": "The first shipment was expected to earn Kenya ab",
    "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b5": "the recent suspension of the railway project.",
    "57292046af94a219006aa0bb": "In 2007, the Kenyan government unveiled Vision 2030",
    "57292046af94a219006aa0bc": "In 2007, the Kenyan government unveiled Vision 2030",
    "57292046af94a219006aa0bd": ".",
    "57292046af94a219006aa0be": "In 2007, the Kenyan government unveiled Vision 2030",
    "57292046af94a219006aa0bf": "is treated as an economy-wide issue.",
    "572920d73f37b31900478055": "Most working children are active in agriculture.",
    "572920d73f37b31900478056": "up to 30% of girls in the coastal areas of",
    "572920d73f37b31900478057": "Most of the prostitutes in Kenya are aged 9\u201318.",
    "572920d73f37b31900478058": "The",
    "572921646aef051400154a78": "Sheng is a Swahili-based cant spoken in some urban areas.",
    "572921646aef051400154a79": "The two official languages, English and Swahili,",
    "572921646aef051400154a7a": "English is widely spoken in commerce, schooling and government.",
    "572921646aef051400154a7b": "British English is primarily used in the country.",
    "572922206aef051400154a8a": ".",
    "572922206aef051400154a8b": "The vast majority of Kenyans are Christian (83%),",
    "572922206aef051400154a8c": ".",
    "572922206aef051400154a8d": "The only Jewish synagogue in the country is located in the capital, Nairobi.",
    "57292449af94a219006aa0dd": "s, where they constitute the majority religious group.",
    "57292449af94a219006aa0de": "Sixty percent of the Muslim population lives in Kenya's Coastal Region",
    "57292449af94a219006aa0df": "ere they constitute the majority religious group.",
    "57292449af94a219006aa0e0": "In addition, there is a large Hindu population in Kenya (around 300,000),",
    "572924b53f37b31900478067": "Nurses treat 80%",
    "572924b53f37b31900478068": "r).",
    "572924b53f37b31900478069": "in 2011 there were 65,000 qualified nurses registered in the country;",
    "572924b53f37b3190047806a": "in 2011 there were 65,000 qualified nurses registered in the country;",
    "572925491d046914007790c3": "Diseases of poverty",
    "572925491d046914007790c4": "Half of Kenyans live below the poverty level.",
    "572925491d046914007790c5": "the biggest burden, major child-killers, and responsible for much morbidity",
    "572925491d046914007790c6": "health sector are largely to blame.",
    "572925491d046914007790c7": "Kenya had an estimated 15 million cases of malaria in 2006.",
    "572925a81d046914007790cd": "Kenya's first system of education was introduced by British colonists.",
    "572925a81d046914007790ce": "After Kenya's independence",
    "572925a81d046914007790cf": "an authority named the Ominde Commission",
    "572925a81d046914007790d0": "that would reflect the nation's sovereignty.",
    "572925a81d046914007790d1": "Kenya's first system of education was introduced by British colonists.",
    "572926086aef051400154ac2": "In 1981",
    "572926086aef051400154ac3": "The committee recom",
    "572926086aef051400154ac4": "The",
    "572926086aef051400154ac5": "the last batch of students from the former system graduated from Kenyan Universities in 1992.",
    "572926653f37b31900478079": "The current 8\u20134\u20134 system was launched in January 1985.",
    "572926653f37b3190047807a": "It put more emphasis on vocational subjects on the assumption that",
    "572926653f37b3190047807b": "It put more emphasis on vocational subjects on the assumption that",
    "572926653f37b3190047807c": "As a result, primary school enrolment increased by about 70%.",
    "572926653f37b3190047807d": "As a result, primary school enrolment increased by about 70%.",
    "572926d23f37b31900478083": "Basic formal education starts at age six years",
    "572926d23f37b31900478084": ".",
    "572926d23f37b31900478085": ".",
    "572926d23f37b31900478086": "Those wh",
    "5729276c1d046914007790d7": "The country's literacy level stands at 85% of the whole population.",
    "5729276c1d046914007790d8": "Preschool, which targets children from age three to five,",
    "5729276c1d046914007790d9": ".",
    "5729276c1d046914007790da": "which determines those who proceed to secondary school or vocational training.",
    "5729276c1d046914007790db": "at the end of Form Four \u2013 the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE), wh",
    "572927d06aef051400154ade": ".",
    "572927d06aef051400154adf": ".",
    "572927d06aef051400154ae0": "A public library is seen as a peoples university since it",
    "572927d06aef051400154ae1": "A public library is seen as a peoples university since it",
    "5729281baf94a219006aa11f": "Kenya is active in several sports,",
    "5729281baf94a219006aa120": ".",
    "5729281baf94a219006aa121": "Kenyan athletes (particularly Kalenjin) continue to dominate the world of distance running",
    "5729281baf94a219006aa122": "The country is",
    "572928bf6aef051400154af0": "Kenya won several medals during the Beijing Olympics",
    "572928bf6aef051400154af1": "Kenya won several medals during the Beijing Olympics",
    "572928bf6aef051400154af2": "New athletes gained attention, such as Pamela Jelimo",
    "572928bf6aef051400154af3": "Lately, there has been controversy in Kenyan athletics circles,",
    "572928bf6aef051400154af4": "Most of these defections occur because of economic or financial factors.",
    "5729293d3f37b3190047809f": ".",
    "5729293d3f37b319004780a0": "Cricket is another popular and the most successful team sport.",
    "5729293d3f37b319004780a1": "some of the World's best teams and reached semi-finals of the 2003 tournament.",
    "5729293d3f37b319004780a2": "Their current captain is Rakep Patel.",
    "5729293d3f37b319004780a3": "ng to a suspension by FIFA which was lifted in March 2007.",
    "57292994af94a219006aa131": "Kenya is home to the world famous Safari Rally,",
    "57292994af94a219006aa132": "In the motor rallying arena",
    "57292994af94a219006aa133": "Some of the best rally drivers in the world have taken part in and won the rally,",
    "572929d56aef051400154b0a": "Kenyans generally",
    "572929d56aef051400154b0b": ".",
    "572929d56aef051400154b0c": ".",
    "572929d56aef051400154b0d": "generally eaten by much of the population for lunch or supper.",
    "57293b843f37b31900478133": "The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change",
    "57293b843f37b31900478134": "It",
    "57293b843f37b31900478135": "The ultimate objective of the UNFCCC is",
    "57293b843f37b31900478136": "which is the main international treaty on climate change.",
    "57293b843f37b31900478137": "later endorsed by the United Nations General Assembly through Resolution 43/53.",
    "57293bc91d0469140077919b": "following the election of the new IPCC Bureau.",
    "57293bc91d0469140077919c": "Hoesung Lee is the chair of the IPCC",
    "57293bc91d0469140077919d": "Before this election, the IPCC was led by his vice-Chair Ismail El Gizouli,",
    "57293bc91d0469140077919e": "the IPCC was led by his vice-Chair Ismail El Gizouli,",
    "57293bc91d0469140077919f": "following the election of the new IPCC Bureau.",
    "57293c246aef051400154bb8": "The IPCC Panel is composed of representatives appointed by governments and organizations.",
    "57293c246aef051400154bb9": "tendance at the 2003 meeting included 350 government officials and climate change experts.",
    "57293c246aef051400154bba": "The meeting report states there were 322 persons in attendance at Sessions",
    "57293c246aef051400154bbb": "Plenary sessions",
    "57293ca73f37b3190047815b": "The IPCC receives funding through the IPCC Trust Fund",
    "57293ca73f37b3190047815c": "The IPCC receives funding through the IPCC Trust Fund",
    "57293ca73f37b3190047815e": "The IPCC receives funding through",
    "57293ca73f37b3190047815f": "The organisation is required to comply with the Financial Regulations and Rules of the WMO.",
    "57293ca73f37b3190047815d": ".",
    "57293d116aef051400154bc8": "The IPCC does not carry out research nor does it monitor climate related data.",
    "57293d116aef051400154bc9": "The IPCC does not carry out research nor does it monitor climate related data.",
    "57293d116aef051400154bca": "Authors may refer to non-peer-reviewed sources (the \"grey literature\"),",
    "57293d116aef051400154bcb": "The IPCC does not carry out research nor does it monitor climate related data.",
    "57293d6d1d046914007791b7": "Lead authors are responsible for writing sections of chapters.",
    "57293d6d1d046914007791b8": "ad authors are responsible for writing sections of chapters.",
    "57293d6d1d046914007791b9": "tributing authors prepare text, graphs or data for inclusion by the lead authors.",
    "57293d6d1d046914007791ba": "who are responsible for writing and editing the material.",
    "57293d6d1d046914007791bb": "A chapter typically",
    "57293e221d046914007791d5": ".",
    "57293e221d046914007791d6": "resulting on average in an additional warming of the Earth's surface.",
    "57293e221d046914007791d7": "The unequivocal detection of the enhanced",
    "57293e221d046914007791d8": ".",
    "57293e221d046914007791d9": "The",
    "57293e983f37b3190047818b": "In 2001",
    "57293e983f37b3190047818c": "In 2001",
    "57293e983f37b3190047818d": "The statement, also published as an editorial in the journal Science,",
    "57293e983f37b3190047818e": "by 2100\".",
    "57293e983f37b3190047818f": "\".",
    "57293f353f37b3190047819b": "IPCC author Richard Lindzen has made a number of criticisms of the TAR.",
    "57293f353f37b3190047819c": "SPM) does not faithfully summarize the full WGI report.",
    "57293f353f37b3190047819d": "has responded to Lindzen's criticisms of the SPM.",
    "57293f353f37b3190047819e": "John Houghton, who was a co-chair of TAR WGI,",
    "57293f353f37b3190047819f": "that any changes to the SPM must be supported by scientific evidence.",
    "57293f8a6aef051400154bde": "the IPCC is publishing Special Reports on specific topics.",
    "57293f8a6aef051400154bdf": "the Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation (SRREN)",
    "57293f8a6aef051400154be0": "Bot",
    "57293f8a6aef051400154be1": "In",
    "572940246aef051400154bec": ".",
    "572940246aef051400154bed": ".",
    "572940246aef051400154bee": ".",
    "572940246aef051400154bef": "The",
    "572940973f37b319004781a5": "The IPC",
    "572940973f37b319004781a6": "The IPCC",
    "572940973f37b319004781a7": "which has misquoted its own source",
    "572940973f37b319004781a8": "The date of 2035",
    "572941273f37b319004781ad": "The IPCC needs to look at this trend in the errors and ask why it happened\".",
    "572941273f37b319004781ae": "The mistakes all appear to have gone in the direction of making it seem like climate change",
    "572941273f37b319004781af": "The IPCC needs to look at this trend in the errors and ask why it happened\".",
    "572941273f37b319004781b0": "The IPCC needs to look at this trend in the errors and ask why it happened\".",
    "572941273f37b319004781b1": ".",
    "57294209af94a219006aa201": ".",
    "57294209af94a219006aa202": "The",
    "57294209af94a219006aa203": "which has been referred to as the \"hockey stick graph\".",
    "57294209af94a219006aa204": "by Michael E. Mann",
    "57294279af94a219006aa209": "1000 and 1900, and the MBH99 based graph featured in publicity.",
    "57294279af94a219006aa20a": "Fred Singer's Science and Environmental Policy Project",
    "57294279af94a219006aa20b": "Even at the draft stage, this finding was disputed by contrarians: in May 2000 Fred",
    "57294279af94a219006aa20c": "2000.",
    "57294279af94a219006aa20d": "2000",
    "572943ab1d04691400779219": "Joe Barton, chairman of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce",
    "572943ab1d0469140077921a": "Ed Whitfield,",
    "572943ab1d0469140077921b": "demanding full records on climate research",
    "572943ab1d0469140077921c": "Sherwood Boehlert, chairman of the House Science Committee,",
    "572943ab1d0469140077921d": "Sherwood Boehlert, chairman of the House Science Committee",
    "572944e03f37b319004781e2": "The IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4)",
    "572944e03f37b319004781e1": "The IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) published in",
    "572944e03f37b319004781e4": "Ten of these 14 reconstructions covered 1,000 years or longer. Mo",
    "572944e03f37b319004781e5": "The section discussed the divergence problem affecting certain tree ring data.",
    "572944e03f37b319004781e3": "In ad",
    "572945b11d0469140077922f": ".",
    "572945b11d04691400779230": ".",
    "572945b11d04691400779231": ".",
    "572945b11d04691400779232": ".",
    "572949306aef051400154c68": "have actually understated them is a study on projected rises in sea levels.",
    "572949306aef051400154c69": "the researchers found that in 210",
    "572949306aef051400154c6a": "1990 levels.",
    "572949306aef051400154c6b": "published in 2001\".",
    "57294baaaf94a219006aa26b": ".",
    "57294baaaf94a219006aa26c": ".",
    "57294baaaf94a219006aa26d": "It has become more important to provide a broader exploration of uncertainties.",
    "57294e6b1d04691400779275": "In case of the Oz",
    "57294e6b1d04691400779276": "s.",
    "57294e6b1d04691400779277": "if not opposing goals.",
    "5729506d6aef051400154cac": "the actors in the ozone depletion case",
    "5729506d6aef051400154cad": ".",
    "5729506d6aef051400154cae": ".",
    "5729506d6aef051400154caf": ".",
    "5729517d6aef051400154cc8": ".",
    "5729517d6aef051400154cc9": "between this deadline and publication of an IPCC report cannot be included.",
    "5729517d6aef051400154cca": "which is widely regarded as the ultimate authority on the science.",
    "572951f16aef051400154cce": "wrote in the journal Nature calling for changes to the IPCC.",
    "572951f16aef051400154ccf": ".",
    "572951f16aef051400154cd0": "IPCC.",
    "572951f16aef051400154cd1": "They suggested a range of new organizational options, from",
    "572953013f37b3190047824d": "Chloroplasts' main role is",
    "572953013f37b3190047824e": "while freeing oxygen from water.",
    "572953013f37b3190047824f": "P and NADPH while freeing oxygen from water.",
    "572953013f37b31900478250": "ts.",
    "572953013f37b31900478251": "The number of chloroplasts per cell varies from 1 in algae up to 100 in plants like Arab",
    "5729544c3f37b31900478257": ".",
    "5729544c3f37b31900478258": ".",
    "5729544c3f37b31900478259": "Chloroplasts, like mitochondria, contain their own DNA",
    "5729544c3f37b3190047825a": "that was engulfed by an early eukaryotic cell.",
    "5729544c3f37b3190047825b": ".",
    "572956c86aef051400154d1a": "Chloroplasts are one of many types of organelles in the plant cell.",
    "572956c86aef051400154d1b": "This origin of chloroplasts was first sug",
    "572956c86aef051400154d1c": "This origin of chloroplasts",
    "572956c86aef051400154d1d": "This origin of chloroplasts",
    "572956c86aef051400154d1e": "Chloroplasts are only found in plants and algae.",
    "572957361d046914007792cf": "Cyanobacteria are considered the ancestors of chloroplasts.",
    "572957361d046914007792d0": "Cyanobacteria are considered the ancestors of chloroplasts.",
    "572957361d046914007792d2": "are gram-negative, meaning that they have two cell membranes.",
    "572957361d046914007792d3": "Like chloroplasts, they have thylakoids within.",
    "572957361d046914007792d1": "They are sometimes called blue-green algae even though they are prokaryotes.",
    "572957ad1d046914007792d9": "st.",
    "572957ad1d046914007792da": "Somewhere around a billion years ago",
    "572957ad1d046914007792db": "The",
    "572957ad1d046914007792dc": "the phagosomal membrane from the host",
    "572957ad1d046914007792dd": "Over time, the cyanobacterium was assimilated,",
    "5729582b1d046914007792e3": "chloroplast).",
    "5729582b1d046914007792e4": "These chloroplasts",
    "5729582b1d046914007792e5": "chloroplast).",
    "5729582b1d046914007792e6": ".",
    "5729582b1d046914007792e7": "the green chloroplast lineage is the one that contains the land plants.",
    "572958cc6aef051400154d2a": "The alga Cyanophora, a glaucophyte",
    "572958cc6aef051400154d2b": ".",
    "572958cc6aef051400154d2c": "For this reason, glaucophyte chloroplasts are also known as muroplasts.",
    "572958cc6aef051400154d2d": "Glaucophyte chloroplasts also contain concentric unstacked thylakoids",
    "572958cc6aef051400154d2e": "surround a carboxysome - an icosahedral structure that",
    "57295a116aef051400154d44": "Rhodoplasts have a double membrane",
    "57295a116aef051400154d45": "Rhodoplasts",
    "57295a116aef051400154d46": "red algae their distinctive red color.",
    "57295a116aef051400154d47": "red algae their distinctive red color.",
    "57295a116aef051400154d48": "Rhodoplasts synthesize a form of starch called floridean",
    "57295b5b1d04691400779315": ".",
    "57295b5b1d04691400779316": "though some aren't",
    "57295b5b1d04691400779317": "Chloroplastidan chloroplasts have lo",
    "57295b5b1d04691400779318": "Some plants seem to have kept the genes for the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer",
    "57295b5b1d04691400779319": "Their host organisms are commonly known as the green algae and land plants.",
    "572961f61d04691400779359": "While primary chloroplasts have a double membrane",
    "572961f61d0469140077935a": "While",
    "572961f61d0469140077935b": ".",
    "572961f61d0469140077935c": "While",
    "572961f61d0469140077935d": "The engulfed alga was broken down,",
    "572962953f37b319004782f5": "Euglenophytes are",
    "572962953f37b319004782f6": "Euglenophytes are a group of common flagellated protists that",
    "572962953f37b319004782f7": "Euglenophyte chloroplasts",
    "572962953f37b319004782f8": "Starch is stored in the form of paramylon",
    "572962953f37b319004782f9": ".",
    "572963221d04691400779385": "Cryptophytes",
    "572963221d04691400779386": "Cryptophytes",
    "572963221d04691400779387": "that of the chlorarachniophytes.",
    "572963221d04691400779388": "which is stored in granules found in the periplastid space\u2014",
    "572963221d04691400779389": ".",
    "572963876aef051400154dd2": "Apicomplexans are another group of chromalveolates.",
    "572963876aef051400154dd3": "Apicomplexans are another group of chromalveolates.",
    "572963876aef051400154dd4": "The apicomplexans include Plasmodium, the malaria parasite.",
    "572963876aef051400154dd5": "Man",
    "572963876aef051400154dd6": "Ap",
    "5729645b3f37b31900478321": "Apicoplasts",
    "5729645b3f37b31900478322": "This makes the apicoplast an attractive target for drugs to",
    "5729645b3f37b31900478323": "The",
    "5729645b3f37b31900478324": ".",
    "5729645b3f37b31900478325": ".",
    "572965566aef051400154e00": "The most common dinophyte chloroplast is",
    "572965566aef051400154e01": "Peridinin is not found in any other group of chloroplasts.",
    "572965566aef051400154e02": "They contain a pyrenoid, and have triplet-stacked thylakoids.",
    "572965566aef051400154e03": "The most common dinophyte chloroplast",
    "572965e73f37b3190047832b": "The fucoxanthin dinophyte lineages",
    "572965e73f37b3190047832c": "The fucoxanthin dinophyte lineages",
    "572965e73f37b3190047832d": ".",
    "572965e73f37b3190047832e": ".",
    "572966626aef051400154e13": "ones.",
    "572966626aef051400154e14": "Dinophysis have a phycobilin-containing chloroplast taken from a cryptophyte.",
    "572966626aef051400154e12": "that the Dinophysis chloroplast is a kleptoplast\u2014",
    "572966626aef051400154e15": ".",
    "572966ebaf94a219006aa391": "Diatoms have been engulfed by dinoflagellates at least three times.",
    "572966ebaf94a219006aa392": "Durinskia have a diatom (heterokontophyte) derived chloroplast.",
    "572966ebaf94a219006aa393": "Durinskia have a diatom (heterokontophyte) derived chloroplast.",
    "572966ebaf94a219006aa394": "Durinskia have a diatom (heterokontophyte) derived chloroplast.",
    "572966ebaf94a219006aa395": "How",
    "572967e31d046914007793b1": "all the nucleomorph genes have been transferred to the dinophyte nucleus.",
    "572967e31d046914007793b2": "is the only dinophyte that has a chloroplast that's not from the rhodoplast lineage.",
    "572967e31d046914007793b3": ".",
    "572967e31d046914007793b4": "it with a green algal derived chloroplast (more specifically, a prasinophyte).",
    "572967e31d046914007793b5": "it with a green algal derived chloroplast (more specifically, a prasinophyte).",
    "5729686d1d046914007793c1": "While most chloroplasts originate from that first set of endosymbiotic events,",
    "5729686d1d046914007793c2": ".",
    "5729686d1d046914007793c3": "150,000 base pair genome of the more assimilated chloroplast.",
    "5729686d1d046914007793c4": ".",
    "5729686d1d046914007793c5": "150,000 base pair genome of the more assimilated chloroplast.",
    "572968cf1d046914007793cb": "Chloroplasts have their own DNA, often abbreviated as ctDNA, or cpDNA.",
    "572968cf1d046914007793cc": "Chloroplasts have their own DNA, often abbreviated as ctDNA, or cpDNA.",
    "572968cf1d046914007793cd": "It is also known as the plastome.",
    "572968cf1d046914007793ce": "Its existence was first proved in 1962, and first sequenced in 1986\u2014",
    "572968cf1d046914007793cf": "Its existence was first proved in 1962, and first sequenced in 1986\u2014",
    "57296977af94a219006aa3bd": "The inverted repeat regions are",
    "57296977af94a219006aa3be": ".",
    "57296977af94a219006aa3bf": "It is possible that the inverted repeats help stabil",
    "572969f51d046914007793dd": "the 1970s.",
    "572969f51d046914007793de": "but two main models have been proposed.",
    "572969f51d046914007793e0": "a Cairns replication intermediate, and completes replication with a rolling circle mechanism.",
    "572969f51d046914007793df": ".",
    "572969f51d046914007793e1": "As the D-loop moves through the circular DNA",
    "57296a65af94a219006aa3c3": "In cpDNA, there are several A \u2192 G deamination gradients.",
    "57296a65af94a219006aa3c4": "DNA becomes susceptible to deamination events when it is single stranded.",
    "57296a65af94a219006aa3c5": "actually linear and replicates through homologous recombination.",
    "57296a65af94a219006aa3c6": "actually linear and replicates through homologous recombination.",
    "57296a65af94a219006aa3c7": "It",
    "57296ab93f37b31900478369": "T4.",
    "57296ab93f37b3190047836a": "It has been established that some plants have linear cpDNA, such as maize,",
    "57296ab93f37b3190047836b": "T4.",
    "57296ab93f37b3190047836c": ".",
    "57296b151d046914007793f1": "we know about the lost chloroplasts in many chromalveolate lineages.",
    "57296b151d046914007793f2": "the lost chloroplast's existence.",
    "57296b151d046914007793f3": ".",
    "57296b151d046914007793f4": "which was subsequently replaced by the red chloroplast.",
    "57296bf96aef051400154e52": "A few chloroplast genes found new homes in the mitochondrial genome\u2014",
    "57296bf96aef051400154e53": "Curiously",
    "57296bf96aef051400154e54": "Curiously",
    "57296bf96aef051400154e55": "just like if you were headed for the extracellular space.",
    "57296c5c3f37b3190047837f": "After a",
    "57296c5c3f37b31900478380": "After a chloroplast polypeptide is synthesized on a ribosome",
    "57296c5c3f37b31900478381": "After a chloroplast polypeptide is",
    "57296c5c3f37b31900478382": "After a chloroplast polypeptide is",
    "57296cb21d04691400779403": "In land plants, chloroplasts are generally lens-shaped,",
    "57296cb21d04691400779404": ".",
    "57296cb21d04691400779405": ".",
    "57296cb21d04691400779406": "that",
    "57296cb21d04691400779407": "Greater diversity",
    "57296d1b1d0469140077940d": "they are the descendants of endosymbiotic cyanobacteria.",
    "57296d1b1d0469140077940e": "There are some common misconceptions about the outer and inner chloroplast membranes.",
    "57296d1b1d0469140077940f": ".",
    "57296d8d1d0469140077941d": "The chloroplast double membrane is also often compared to the mitochondrial double membrane",
    "57296d8d1d0469140077941e": "the inner mitochondria membrane is",
    "57296d8d1d0469140077941f": "oxidative phosphorylation across to generate ATP energy.",
    "57296d8d1d04691400779420": "This is not a valid comparison\u2014the inner mitochondria membrane is",
    "57296d8d1d04691400779421": "mitochondria.",
    "57296de03f37b3190047839b": "like chromoplasts and amyloplasts in petals and roots, respectively.",
    "57296de03f37b3190047839c": "a stromule, or stroma-containing tubule.",
    "57296de03f37b3190047839d": "They may exist",
    "57296de03f37b3190047839e": ".",
    "57296e43af94a219006aa3e5": "Some chloroplasts contain a structure called the chloroplast peripheral reticulum.",
    "57296e43af94a219006aa3e6": "It",
    "57296e43af94a219006aa3e7": "The chloroplast peripheral reticulum consists of a maze of membranous tubes and",
    "57296e43af94a219006aa3e8": "Some chloroplasts contain a structure called the chloroplast peripheral reticulum.",
    "57296e43af94a219006aa3e9": "space.",
    "57296eb01d04691400779435": "which they use to synthesize a small fraction of their proteins.",
    "57296eb01d04691400779436": "the size of cytoplasmic ribosomes (around 17 nm vs 25 nm).",
    "57296eb01d04691400779437": "the size of cytoplasmic ribosomes (around 17 nm vs 25 nm).",
    "57296eb01d04691400779438": "include some chloroplast-unique features.",
    "57296eb01d04691400779439": "chloroplasts lack motifs for shine-dalgarno sequence recognition",
    "57296eee6aef051400154e8e": "They are surrounded by a lipid monolayer.",
    "57296eee6aef051400154e8f": ".",
    "57296eee6aef051400154e90": "when it ages and transitions into a gerontoplast.",
    "57296eee6aef051400154e91": "45\u201360 nanometers across.",
    "57296eee6aef051400154e92": "They are surrounded by a lipid monolayer.",
    "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fb": "attached to a thylakoid,",
    "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fc": "that allows a plastoglobulus to exchange its contents with the thylakoid network.",
    "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fd": "In normal green chloroplasts",
    "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fe": "or chains, still always anchored to a thylakoid.",
    "57296f85af94a219006aa403": "They are not found in higher plants.",
    "57296f85af94a219006aa404": "Pyrenoids are roughly spherical and highly refractive bodies wh",
    "57296f85af94a219006aa405": "Pyrenoids can divide to form new pyrenoids, or be produced \"de novo\".",
    "57296f85af94a219006aa406": "Pyrenoids can divide to form new pyrenoids, or be produced \"de novo\".",
    "57296f85af94a219006aa407": "Pyrenoids can divide to form new pyrenoids, or be produced \"de novo\".",
    "57296fd71d0469140077943f": "In the helical thylakoid model",
    "57296fd71d04691400779440": ".",
    "57296fd71d04691400779441": "E",
    "57296fd71d04691400779442": "E",
    "57296fd71d04691400779443": "so known as frets or lamellar thylakoids.",
    "5729703d3f37b319004783bb": "that absorb light energy and use it to energize electrons.",
    "5729703d3f37b319004783bc": "that absorb light energy and use it to energize electrons.",
    "5729703d3f37b319004783bd": "that absorb light energy and use it to energize electrons.",
    "5729703d3f37b319004783be": "Molecules",
    "5729703d3f37b319004783bf": "AT",
    "572970916aef051400154eba": "which are in contact with the stroma.",
    "572970916aef051400154ebb": "Granal thylakoids are",
    "572970916aef051400154ebc": "Stromal thylakoids are helicoid sheets that spiral around grana.",
    "572970916aef051400154ebe": "pancake-shaped circular disks about 300\u2013600 nanometers in diameter.",
    "572970916aef051400154ebd": "pancake-shaped circular disks about 300\u2013600 nanometers in diameter.",
    "57297103af94a219006aa423": "There are about thirty photosynthetic carotenoids.",
    "57297103af94a219006aa424": "There are about thirty photosynthetic carotenoids.",
    "57297103af94a219006aa425": "when the leaves of some land plants change color.",
    "57297103af94a219006aa426": "Xanthophylls, especially the orange-red zeaxanthin, are also common.",
    "57297103af94a219006aa427": "Xanthophylls, especially the orange-red zeaxanthin, are also common.",
    "5729714daf94a219006aa42d": ".",
    "5729714daf94a219006aa42e": "though phycoerytherin is one of the pigments that makes many red algae red.",
    "5729714daf94a219006aa42f": "Phycobilins are",
    "5729714daf94a219006aa430": ".",
    "5729714daf94a219006aa431": "Phycobilins",
    "572971af6aef051400154ede": ".",
    "572971af6aef051400154edf": ".",
    "572971af6aef051400154ee0": "being produced.",
    "572971af6aef051400154ee1": "down the line in the Calvin cycle which uses rubisco.",
    "572971af6aef051400154ee2": "This has the end result of ATP energy being",
    "5729723c6aef051400154ee8": ".",
    "5729723c6aef051400154ee9": "In mesophyll cells",
    "5729723c6aef051400154eea": "which they use to make ATP and NADPH, as well as oxygen.",
    "5729723c6aef051400154eeb": "as well as oxygen.",
    "5729723c6aef051400154eec": "Bun",
    "5729729a1d0469140077948b": ".",
    "5729729a1d0469140077948c": "what make the photosynthetic parts of a plant green.",
    "5729729a1d0469140077948d": ".",
    "5729729a1d0469140077948e": "though chloroplasts can also be found in collenchyma tissue",
    "5729729a1d0469140077948f": "A plant cell which contains chloroplasts is known as a chlorenchyma cell.",
    "572972f46aef051400154ef2": "In some plants such as cacti,",
    "572972f46aef051400154ef3": ".",
    "572972f46aef051400154ef6": ".",
    "572972f46aef051400154ef4": "One square millimeter of leaf tissue can contain half a million chloroplasts.",
    "572972f46aef051400154ef5": "Wi",
    "5729735c3f37b319004783fb": "they will spread out in a sheet\u2014maximizing the surface area to absorb light.",
    "5729735c3f37b319004783fc": "Under intense light, they will seek shelter by aligning in vertical columns",
    "5729735c3f37b319004783fd": "turning sideways so that light strikes them edge-on.",
    "5729735c3f37b319004783fe": "wh",
    "5729735c3f37b319004783ff": "Mitochondria have also been observed to follow chloroplasts as they move.",
    "572973ccaf94a219006aa449": "Plants have",
    "572973ccaf94a219006aa44a": "Plants",
    "572973ccaf94a219006aa44b": "Plants have",
    "572973ccaf94a219006aa44c": "Plants have",
    "572973ccaf94a219006aa44d": "Plants",
    "57297427af94a219006aa453": "which can serve as defense-signals.",
    "57297427af94a219006aa454": "which can serve as defense-signals.",
    "57297427af94a219006aa455": "which can serve as defense-signals.",
    "57297427af94a219006aa456": "All these molecules initiate retrograde signaling",
    "572974923f37b3190047840b": "One of the main functions of the chloroplast",
    "572974923f37b3190047840c": "the process by which light is transformed into chemical energy",
    "572974923f37b3190047840d": "produce food in the form of sugars.",
    "572974923f37b3190047840e": "molecules from carbon dioxide.",
    "572974923f37b3190047840f": "molecules from carbon dioxide.",
    "572975073f37b31900478415": "Like mitochondria",
    "572975073f37b31900478416": ".",
    "572975073f37b31900478417": "The hydrogen ions in the thylakoid space",
    "572975073f37b31900478418": ".",
    "572975073f37b31900478419": ".",
    "572975511d046914007794a7": "Normal",
    "572975511d046914007794a8": "This is termed cyclic photophosphorylation because the electrons are recycled.",
    "572975511d046914007794a9": "Cyclic photophosphorylation is common in C4 plants, wh",
    "572975511d046914007794aa": "Cyclic photophosphorylation is common in C4 plants",
    "572975a3af94a219006aa465": "The Calvin cycle starts",
    "572975a3af94a219006aa466": ".",
    "572975a3af94a219006aa467": "s.",
    "572975a3af94a219006aa468": "the end product of the dark reactions.",
    "572976183f37b31900478431": "which accumulates into the starch grains found in the chloroplast.",
    "572976183f37b31900478432": "the starch grains found in the chloroplast.",
    "572976183f37b31900478433": ".",
    "572976183f37b31900478434": "Waterlogged roots can also cause starch buildup in the chloroplasts",
    "572976183f37b31900478435": "be a side effect of another photosynthesis-depressing factor.",
    "572976791d046914007794af": ".",
    "572976791d046914007794b0": "when the oxygen concentration is too high.",
    "572976791d046914007794b1": "it can accidentally add O2 instead of CO2 to RuBP.",
    "572976791d046914007794b2": "it can accidentally add O2 instead of CO2 to RuBP.",
    "572976791d046914007794b3": ".",
    "572976cfaf94a219006aa493": "Chloroplasts alone make almost all of a plant cell's amino acids",
    "572976cfaf94a219006aa494": "the sulfur-containing ones like cysteine and methionine.",
    "572976cfaf94a219006aa495": "the sulfur-containing ones like cysteine and methionine.",
    "572976cfaf94a219006aa496": "The chloroplast is known to make the precursors to methionine but",
    "57297725af94a219006aa49b": "though the two terms are sometimes used interchangeably.",
    "57297725af94a219006aa49c": ".",
    "57297725af94a219006aa49d": "Proplastids are commonly found in an adult plant's apical meristems.",
    "57297725af94a219006aa49e": ".",
    "5729779b6aef051400154f62": "If angiosperm shoots",
    "5729779b6aef051400154f63": ".",
    "5729779b6aef051400154f64": "This process, where the etioplast becomes a chloroplast, takes several hours.",
    "5729779b6aef051400154f65": "they have a yellow chlorophyll precursor stocked.",
    "5729779b6aef051400154f66": "s to be produced.",
    "572977fbaf94a219006aa4ad": "If a plant",
    "572977fbaf94a219006aa4ae": ".",
    "572977fbaf94a219006aa4af": "chloroplasts, like what happens when a carrot or a potato is illuminated.",
    "572977fbaf94a219006aa4b0": "chloroplasts, like what happens when a carrot or a potato is illuminated.",
    "572977fbaf94a219006aa4b1": "I",
    "5729784b1d046914007794c9": "The division process starts when the proteins FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 assemble into filaments",
    "5729784b1d046914007794ca": ".",
    "5729784b1d046914007794cb": "form a structure called a Z-ring within the chloroplast's stroma.",
    "5729784b1d046914007794cc": "The Min system manages the placement of the Z-ring",
    "5729784b1d046914007794cd": "The Min system manages the placement of the Z-ring",
    "5729789b6aef051400154f6c": "Next, the two plastid-dividing rings, or PD rings form.",
    "5729789b6aef051400154f6d": "Next, the two plastid-dividing rings, or PD rings form.",
    "5729789b6aef051400154f6e": ".",
    "5729789b6aef051400154f6f": ".",
    "5729789b6aef051400154f70": "In a few species like Cyanidioschyzon merol\u00e6,",
    "572978e66aef051400154f76": "Light has been shown to be a requirement for chloroplast division.",
    "572978e66aef051400154f78": ".",
    "572978e66aef051400154f79": "Spinach leaves grown under green light have",
    "572978e66aef051400154f77": ".",
    "57297991af94a219006aa4b7": "Recently",
    "57297991af94a219006aa4b8": "This makes",
    "57297991af94a219006aa4b9": "showing a failed containment rate of transplastomic plants at 3 in 1,000,000.",
    "57297991af94a219006aa4ba": "This makes",
    "57296d571d04691400779413": "that has no positive divisors other than 1 and itself.",
    "57296d571d04691400779414": "are all valid factorizations of 3.",
    "57296d571d04691400779415": "The fundamental theorem of arithmetic establishes the central role of primes in number theory",
    "57296d571d04691400779416": "pressed as a product of primes that is unique up to ordering.",
    "57296d571d04691400779417": "The uniqueness in this theorem requires excluding 1 as",
    "57296f293f37b319004783a3": "The property of being prime (or not) is called primality.",
    "57296f293f37b319004783a4": "the primality of a given number n is known as trial division.",
    "57296f293f37b319004783a5": ".",
    "57296f293f37b319004783a6": ".",
    "57296f293f37b319004783a7": "the largest known prime number has 22,338,618 decimal digits.",
    "572970c11d04691400779463": "There are infinitely many primes, as demonstrated by Euclid around 300 BC.",
    "572970c11d04691400779464": "There is no known simple formula that separates prime numbers from composite numbers.",
    "572970c11d04691400779465": "the statistical behaviour of primes in the large, can be modelled.",
    "572970c11d04691400779466": ".",
    "572970c11d04691400779467": "proven at the end of the 19th century, wh",
    "5729727baf94a219006aa437": "Many questions regarding prime numbers remain open, such as Goldbach's conjecture",
    "5729727baf94a219006aa438": "that there are infinitely many pairs of primes whose difference is 2).",
    "5729727baf94a219006aa439": "focusing on analytic or algebraic aspects of numbers.",
    "5729727baf94a219006aa43a": ".",
    "5729727baf94a219006aa43b": "Prime numbers gi",
    "572973f76aef051400154f0a": "or 5 are multiples of 5.",
    "572973f76aef051400154f0b": "No even number greater than 2 is",
    "572973f76aef051400154f0c": "Accordingly, the term odd prime refers to any prime number greater than 2.",
    "572973f76aef051400154f0d": "multiples of 5",
    "572973f76aef051400154f0e": "even numbers are multiples of 2 and numbers ending in 0 or 5 are multiples of 5.",
    "57297547af94a219006aa45b": "st early Greeks did not even consider 1 to be a number,",
    "57297547af94a219006aa45c": "By the Middle Ages and Renaissance many mathematicians inc",
    "57297547af94a219006aa45d": "In",
    "57297547af94a219006aa45e": "started with 1 as its first prime. Hen",
    "57297547af94a219006aa45f": "1 to be a number,",
    "57297781af94a219006aa4a3": "if 1 were admitted as a prime",
    "57297781af94a219006aa4a4": "the sieve of Eratosthenes would not work correctly if",
    "57297781af94a219006aa4a6": "Furthermore, the prime numbers have several properties that the number 1 lacks, su",
    "57297781af94a219006aa4a5": "Euler's totient function or the sum of divisors function.",
    "57297781af94a219006aa4a7": "Similarly, the sieve of Eratosthenes would not work co",
    "572978f91d046914007794d3": ".",
    "572978f91d046914007794d4": "that they had some knowledge of prime numbers:",
    "572978f91d046914007794d5": "Euclid",
    "572978f91d046914007794d6": "Euclid also showed how to construct a perfect number from a Mersenne prime.",
    "572978f91d046914007794d7": "The Sieve of Eratosthenes, attributed to Eratosthenes,",
    "57297a276aef051400154f88": "In",
    "57297a276aef051400154f89": "Fermat's little theorem (later proved by Leibniz and Euler).",
    "57297a276aef051400154f8a": "e.",
    "57297a276aef051400154f8c": "They are called Mersenne primes in his honor.",
    "57297a276aef051400154f8b": "e.",
    "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c7": "The most basic method of checking the primality of a given integer n is",
    "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c8": "For example, for , the trial divisions are by m = 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.",
    "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c9": "that is greater than 1 and less than or equal to the square root of n.",
    "57297bc9af94a219006aa4cb": "None of these numbers divides 37, so 37 is prime.",
    "57297bc9af94a219006aa4ca": "This routine consists of dividing n by each integer m",
    "57297d421d046914007794e5": ".",
    "57297d421d046914007794e6": "Modern primality tests for general numbers",
    "57297d421d046914007794e7": "we can be as sure as we like (though never perfectly sure) that the number is prime.",
    "57297d421d046914007794e8": "For example, trial division is a deterministic algorithm",
    "57297d421d046914007794e9": "prime.",
    "57297ed93f37b3190047845f": "A particularly simple example of a probabilistic test is the Fermat primality test",
    "57297ed93f37b31900478460": ".",
    "57297ed93f37b31900478461": "A flaw with this test is",
    "57297ed93f37b31900478462": "A particularly simple example of a probabilistic test is the Fermat primality test",
    "57297ed93f37b31900478463": "if p is a prime number.",
    "572980f9af94a219006aa4d1": "shape include the Sophie Germain primes (primes of the form",
    "572980f9af94a219006aa4d2": "a Mersenne prime since the dawn of electronic computers.",
    "572980f9af94a219006aa4d3": "prim",
    "572980f9af94a219006aa4d4": "Other primes where either p + 1 or p \u2212 1 is of a particular shap",
    "572980f9af94a219006aa4d5": "Other primes where either p + 1 or p \u2212 1 is of a particular shap",
    "572982e66aef051400154f92": "Some of these primes have been found using distributed computing.",
    "572982e66aef051400154f93": ".",
    "572982e66aef051400154f94": ".",
    "572982e66aef051400154f95": "Som",
    "572982e76aef051400154f96": "Some of these primes have been found using distributed computing.",
    "572985011d04691400779501": "Here  represents the floor function, i.e.",
    "572985011d04691400779502": "The latter formula can be shown using Bertrand's postulate (proven first by Chebyshev",
    "572985011d04691400779503": ".",
    "572985011d04691400779504": "The latter formula",
    "572985011d04691400779505": "on Wilson's theorem and generates the number 2 many times and all other primes exactly once.",
    "572987e46aef051400154fa2": "a and q are coprime, i.e., their greatest common divisor is one.",
    "572987e46aef051400154fa3": "when a and q are coprime, i.e., their greatest common divisor is one.",
    "572987e46aef051400154fa4": "the density of all primes congruent a modulo 9 is 1/6.",
    "572987e46aef051400154fa5": ".",
    "572987e46aef051400154fa6": ".",
    "572989846aef051400154fc0": "The zeta function is closely related to prime numbers.",
    "572989846aef051400154fc1": "then \u03b6(1) would have a finite value.",
    "572989846aef051400154fc2": "For example, the aforementioned fact that there are infinitely many primes",
    "572989846aef051400154fc3": ".",
    "572989846aef051400154fc4": "the following identity (Basel problem),",
    "57298ef11d0469140077952d": "This hypothesis is generally believed to be correct.",
    "57298ef11d0469140077952e": "dating from 1859, states that except for s = \u22122, \u22124, ...",
    "57298ef11d0469140077952f": "that the irregularity in the distribution of primes only comes from random noise.",
    "57298ef11d04691400779530": "the square root of x (for intervals near x).",
    "57298ef11d04691400779531": "distribution of primes (about x/log x of numbers less than x are prim",
    "57299021af94a219006aa50c": ".",
    "57299021af94a219006aa50b": "all four of Landau's problems from 1912 are still unsolved.",
    "57299021af94a219006aa50d": "this conjecture has been verified for all numbers up to n = 2 \u00b7 1017.",
    "57299021af94a219006aa50e": "can be written as a sum of two primes.",
    "57299021af94a219006aa50f": "Also, any even integer can be written as the sum of six primes.",
    "572991943f37b319004784a1": "It is conjectured that there are infinitely many twin primes,",
    "572991943f37b319004784a2": "It is conjectured that there are infinitely many twin primes",
    "572991943f37b319004784a3": "there are infinitely many pairs of consecutive primes that differ by 2n.",
    "572991943f37b319004784a4": "These conjectures are special cases of the broad Schinzel's hypothesis H",
    "572991943f37b319004784a5": "quares of consecutive primes greater than 2.",
    "57299326af94a219006aa515": "was seen as the canonical example of pure mathematics",
    "57299326af94a219006aa516": "prided themselves on doing work that had absolutely no military significance.",
    "57299326af94a219006aa517": ".",
    "57299326af94a219006aa518": "Prime numbers are also used for hash tables and pseudorandom number generators.",
    "57299326af94a219006aa519": "Prime numbers are also used for hash tables and pseudorandom number generators.",
    "572995d46aef051400154fe8": "Another consequence of Fermat's little theorem is",
    "572995d46aef051400154fe9": ".",
    "572995d46aef051400154fea": ".",
    "572995d46aef051400154feb": "an integer n > 4 is composite if and only if (n \u2212 1)! is divisible by n.",
    "572995d46aef051400154fec": "The fraction 1/p expressed likewise in base q (rather than base 10",
    "572996c73f37b319004784b3": ".",
    "572996c73f37b319004784b4": ".",
    "572996c73f37b319004784b5": ".",
    "572996c73f37b319004784b6": ".",
    "572996c73f37b319004784b7": "problem.",
    "572998673f37b319004784d5": ".",
    "572998673f37b319004784d6": "These insects spend most of their lives as grubs underground.",
    "572998673f37b319004784d7": "They only pupate and then emerge from their burrows after 7, 13 or 17 years",
    "572998673f37b319004784d8": ".",
    "572998673f37b319004784d9": "Ov",
    "57299a6f6aef051400155016": "Generally, \"prime\" indicates minimality or indecomposability, in an appropriate sense.",
    "57299a6f6aef051400155017": "It is either Q or the finite field with p elements, whence the name.",
    "57299a6f6aef051400155019": "Any knot can be uniquely expressed as a connected sum of prime knots.",
    "57299a6f6aef05140015501a": "Often a second, additional meaning is intended by using the word prime,",
    "57299a6f6aef051400155018": "that it cannot be written as the knot sum of two nontrivial knots.",
    "57299c2c6aef051400155020": "prime elements and irreducible elements.",
    "57299c2c6aef051400155021": "Prime numbers",
    "57299c2c6aef051400155022": "Prim",
    "57299c2c6aef051400155023": "An element p of R is called prime element if it is neither zero nor a unit (i.e.",
    "57299c2c6aef051400155024": ".",
    "57299d1c1d04691400779581": "theorem of arithmetic continues to hold in unique factorization domains.",
    "57299d1c1d04691400779582": "An example of such a domain is the Gaussian integers Z",
    "57299d1c1d04691400779583": "the imaginary unit and a and b are arbitrary integers.",
    "57299d1c1d04691400779584": "the imaginary unit and a and b are arbitrary integers.",
    "57299d1c1d04691400779585": "whereas rational primes of the form 4k + 1 are not.",
    "57299ec43f37b3190047850d": "In ring theory, the notion of number is generally replaced with that of ideal.",
    "57299ec43f37b3190047850e": "which generalize prime elements",
    "57299ec43f37b3190047850f": ".",
    "57299ec43f37b31900478510": "The fundamental theorem of arithmetic generalizes to the Lasker\u2013Noether theorem",
    "57299ec43f37b31900478511": "ich expresses every ideal in a Noetherian commutative ring as an intersection of primary ideals, wh",
    "5729a03f1d04691400779593": "Prime ideals",
    "5729a03f1d04691400779594": ".",
    "5729a03f1d04691400779595": "For example, prime ideals in the ring of integers of quadratic number fields",
    "5729a03f1d04691400779596": ".",
    "5729a26d6aef05140015505a": "in sharp contrast to the usual absolute value (also referred to as the infinite prime).",
    "5729a26d6aef05140015505b": "general global fields may be transferred back and forth to the completed (or local) fields.",
    "5729a26d6aef05140015505c": ".",
    "5729a26d6aef05140015505d": "This local-global principle again underlines the importance of primes to number theory.",
    "5729a3716aef05140015506a": ".",
    "5729a3716aef05140015506b": ".",
    "5729a3716aef05140015506c": ".",
    "5729a3716aef05140015506d": "the primes 41, 43, 47 and 53 appear in the third \u00e9tude",
    "5729a3716aef05140015506e": "Ac",
    "572f5533a23a5019007fc55b": ".",
    "572f5533a23a5019007fc55c": "empties into the North Sea in the Netherlands.",
    "572f5533a23a5019007fc55d": "people.",
    "572f5533a23a5019007fc55e": "The biggest city on the river Rhine is Cologne, Germany with a population of more th",
    "572f5533a23a5019007fc55f": "The Rhine",
    "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e37": "The Rhine",
    "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3a": "empties into the North Sea in the Netherlands",
    "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3b": "The Rhine",
    "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56b": "The variant forms of the name of the Rhine in modern languages",
    "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56c": ".",
    "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56d": ".",
    "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56e": ".",
    "572fe288a23a5019007fcad7": ".",
    "572fe288a23a5019007fcad8": "retain the Latin Ren-.",
    "572fe288a23a5019007fcada": ".",
    "572fe288a23a5019007fcad9": "The variant forms of the name of the Rhine in modern languages",
    "572fe288a23a5019007fcadb": "The spelling with Rh- in English Rhine as",
    "572f567cb2c2fd140056803f": "The length",
    "572f567cb2c2fd1400568040": "wh",
    "572f567cb2c2fd1400568041": "The length",
    "572f567cb2c2fd1400568042": "The length",
    "572f567cb2c2fd1400568043": "The river length is significantly shortened from",
    "572fe393947a6a140053cdba": "The",
    "572fe393947a6a140053cdbb": "The length",
    "572fe393947a6a140053cdbc": "The length of the Rhine is",
    "572fe393947a6a140053cdbe": "The river length is significantly shortened from",
    "572fe393947a6a140053cdbd": "The length of the Rhine is",
    "572f5703a23a5019007fc573": "The river makes a distinctive turn to the north near Chur.",
    "572f5703a23a5019007fc574": "This section is nearly 86 km long, and descends from a height of 599 m to 396 m.",
    "572f5703a23a5019007fc575": ".",
    "572f5703a23a5019007fc576": ".",
    "572f5703a23a5019007fc577": "East.",
    "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4b": "The river makes a distinctive turn to the north near Chur.",
    "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4c": "The river makes a distinctive turn to the north near Chur.",
    "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4d": "This section is nearly 86 km long, and descends from a height of 599 m to 396 m.",
    "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4e": ".",
    "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4f": "the border between Switzerland to the West and Liechtenstein and later Austria to the East.",
    "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686d": "the Rhine into Lake Constance forms an inland delta.",
    "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686e": ".",
    "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686f": ".",
    "572f57c704bcaa1900d76870": ".",
    "572f57c704bcaa1900d76871": "Man",
    "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e55": "The mouth of the Rhine into Lake Constance forms an inland delta.",
    "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e56": ".",
    "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e57": ".",
    "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e58": "It includes the Austrian towns of Gai\u00dfau, H\u00f6chst and Fu\u00dfach.",
    "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e59": "It includes the Austrian towns of Gai\u00dfau, H\u00f6chst and Fu\u00dfach.",
    "572f5875947a6a140053c89a": "A regulation of the Rhine was called for,",
    "572f5875947a6a140053c89b": "A regulation of the Rhine was called for,",
    "572f5875947a6a140053c89c": "the constant flooding and strong sedimentation in the western Rhine Delta.",
    "572f5875947a6a140053c89d": ".",
    "572f5875947a6a140053c89e": ".",
    "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e69": "with an upper canal near Diepoldsau and a lower canal at Fu\u00dfach,",
    "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6b": "A regulation of the Rhine",
    "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6a": "with an upper canal near Diepoldsau and a lower canal at Fu\u00dfach,",
    "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6c": "The Dornbirner Ach",
    "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6d": ".",
    "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57d": "Lak",
    "572f58d9a23a5019007fc580": "the Untersee (\"lower lake\")",
    "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57e": "called the Seerhein (\"Lake Rhine\")",
    "572f58d9a23a5019007fc581": "The Rhine flows into it from the south following the Swiss-Austrian border.",
    "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57f": "Lake Constance consists of three bodies of water: the Obersee (\"upper lake\")",
    "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858b": "Lak",
    "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858c": "The lake is situated in Germany, Switzerland and Austria near the Alps.",
    "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858d": "Lake Constance consists of three bodies of water:",
    "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858e": "The Rhine flows into it from the south following the Swiss-Austrian border.",
    "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858f": "Specifically, its shorelines lie in the German states of Bavaria and Baden-",
    "572f59b4a23a5019007fc587": "But then, at the so-called Rheinbrech",
    "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58a": "mall fraction of the flow is diverted off the island of Mainau into Lake \u00dcberlingen.",
    "572f59b4a23a5019007fc588": "The cold water flows near the surface and at first doesn't mix with the warmer",
    "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58b": "The flow reappears on the surface at the northern (German)",
    "572f59b4a23a5019007fc589": "off the island of Lindau. The",
    "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e95": "The cold water flows near the surface and at first doesn't mix with the warmer,",
    "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e96": "The cold water flows near the surface",
    "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e97": "small fraction of the flow is diverted off the island of Mainau into Lake \u00dcberlingen",
    "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e98": "Dep",
    "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e99": ".",
    "572f609ca23a5019007fc5af": "The Rhine emerges from Lake Constance, flows generally westward,",
    "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b0": "is joined by its major tributary, the river Aare.",
    "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b1": "The Aare more than doubles the Rhine's water discharge",
    "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b2": "the highest point of the Rhine basin.",
    "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b3": "the so-called Rhine knee at Basel, leaving Switzerland.",
    "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde0": "The Rhine emerges from Lake Constance",
    "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde1": "is joined by its major tributary, the river Aare.",
    "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde2": "The Aare al",
    "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde3": "the highest point of the Rhine basin.",
    "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde4": "The Rhine roughly forms the German-Swiss border from Lake Constance",
    "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ea": "is located the \"Rhine knee\";",
    "572f60f4947a6a140053c8eb": "where the overall direction of the Rhine changes from West to North.",
    "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ec": "Legally, the Central Bridge is the boundary between High and Upper Rhine.",
    "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ed": "which is about 300 km long and up to 40 km wide.",
    "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ee": "which is about 300 km long and up to 40 km wide.",
    "572fec30947a6a140053cdf2": "In the centre of Basel, the first major city in the course of the stream",
    "572fec30947a6a140053cdf3": "this is a major bend, where the overall direction of the Rhine changes from West to North.",
    "572fec30947a6a140053cdf4": "ere the overall direction of the Rhine changes from West to North",
    "572fec30947a6a140053cdf5": "Here the High Rhine ends.",
    "572fec30947a6a140053cdf6": "Legally, the Central Bridge is the boundary between High and Upper Rhine.",
    "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b7": "The",
    "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b8": "The rate of flow was increased and the ground water level fell significantly.",
    "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b9": "The Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in",
    "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680ba": "which carries a significant part of the river water, and all of the traffic.",
    "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680bb": ".",
    "572feddda23a5019007fcb5b": ".",
    "572feddda23a5019007fcb5c": "a Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century.",
    "572feddda23a5019007fcb5d": "The rate of flow was increased and the ground water level fell significantly.",
    "572feddda23a5019007fcb5e": "The rate of flow was increased and the ground water level fell significantly.",
    "572feddda23a5019007fcb5f": ".",
    "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cc": "It is here that the Rhine encounters",
    "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cd": "an average discharge of more than 300 m3/s (11,000 cu ft/s).",
    "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cb": "The Rhine is the longest river in Germany.",
    "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680ce": ".",
    "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cf": "and an average width of 400 m (1,300 ft).",
    "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef5": "The Rhine is the longest river in Germany.",
    "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef6": "It is here that the Rhine encounters some more of its main tributaries,",
    "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef7": "which",
    "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef8": "t).",
    "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef9": ".",
    "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5eb": "Between Bingen and Bonn, the Middle Rhine flows through the Rhine Gorge,",
    "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ec": "The gorge is quite deep and is the stretch of the river wh",
    "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ed": "the Rhine Gorge, a formation which was created by erosion.",
    "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ee": ".",
    "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76eff": "Between Bingen and Bonn, the Middle Rhine flows through the Rhine Gorge,",
    "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f00": "Between Bingen and Bonn",
    "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f02": "which is known for its many castles and vineyards.",
    "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f03": ".",
    "572f6c85947a6a140053c940": "It contributes 70 m3/s (2,500 cu ft/s) to the Rhine.",
    "572f6c85947a6a140053c942": ".",
    "572f6c85947a6a140053c943": "The Ruhr, which joins the Rhine in Duisburg,",
    "572f6c85947a6a140053c944": "The Ruhr currently provides the region with drinking water.",
    "572f6c85947a6a140053c941": "it is along the Lower Rhine",
    "572ff293947a6a140053ce52": "Until the early 1980s, industry was a major source of water pollution.",
    "572ff293947a6a140053ce53": "Although many plants and factories can be found al",
    "572ff293947a6a140053ce54": "Although many plants and factories can be found along the Rhine up into Switzer",
    "572ff293947a6a140053ce55": "Duisburg is the home of Europe",
    "572ff293947a6a140053ce56": "The Ruhr, which joins the Rhine in Duisburg,",
    "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc621": "The dominant economic sectors in the Middle Rhine area",
    "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc622": "The Rhine Gorge between R\u00fcdesheim am Rhein",
    "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc623": "Near Sankt Goarshausen, the Rhine flows around the famous rock Lorelei.",
    "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc624": "can be considered the epitome of the Rhine romanticism.",
    "572ff35f947a6a140053ce66": "The dominant economic sectors in the Middle Rhine area are",
    "572ff35f947a6a140053ce67": ".",
    "572ff35f947a6a140053ce68": ".",
    "572ff35f947a6a140053ce69": "Near Sankt Goarshausen, the Rhine flows around the famous rock Lorelei.",
    "572ff35f947a6a140053ce6a": "the Rhine flows around the famous rock Lorelei.",
    "572f7588947a6a140053c984": ".",
    "572f7588947a6a140053c985": "the Wesel-Datteln Canal, which runs parallel to the Lippe.",
    "572f7588947a6a140053c986": "the Wesel-Datteln Canal, which runs parallel to the Lippe.",
    "572f7588947a6a140053c987": "Here the Rhine flows through the largest conurbation in Germany",
    "572f7588947a6a140053c988": "Bet",
    "572ff430a23a5019007fcba9": "The Lower Rhine flows through North Rhine-Westphalia.",
    "572ff430a23a5019007fcbaa": "Here the Rhine flows through the largest conurbation in Germany",
    "572ff430a23a5019007fcbab": ".",
    "572ff430a23a5019007fcbac": "Between Emmerich and Cleves the Emmerich Rhine Bridge, the long",
    "572ff430a23a5019007fcbad": "Here the Rhine flows through the largest conurbation in Germany",
    "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568154": "From here",
    "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568153": "the Dutch name Rijn no longer coincides with the main flow of water.",
    "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568155": "Tw",
    "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f24": "Two thirds of the water flow volume of the Rhine flows farther west",
    "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f25": "Two thirds of the water flow volume of the Rhine flows",
    "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f26": "From here",
    "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f27": "near Dordrecht, farther down rejoining the Nieuwe Maas to form Het Scheur.",
    "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a2": "rough the Pannerdens Kanaal and redistributes in the IJssel and Nederrijn.",
    "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a3": "the Pannerdens Kanaal and redistributes in the IJssel and Nederrijn.",
    "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a4": "the Nederrijn changes its name and becomes the Lek.",
    "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a5": "the Nederrijn changes its name and becomes the Lek.",
    "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2d": "el to the Waal.",
    "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2e": ".",
    "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2f": ".",
    "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f30": "the Nederrijn changes its name and becomes the Lek.",
    "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f31": "the Nederrijn changes its name and becomes the Lek.",
    "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568657": "which together formed the main river Rhine in Roman times.",
    "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568658": "farther to the north, which together formed the main river Rhine in Roman times.",
    "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568659": ".",
    "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865a": ".",
    "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865b": "The latter flows west into a sluice at Katwijk,",
    "572ff673b2c2fd1400568669": "However, this name is also used for the river delta wh",
    "572ff673b2c2fd140056866a": "The Rhine-Meuse Delta",
    "572ff673b2c2fd140056866b": "The Rhine-Meuse Delta",
    "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f51": "Kanaal",
    "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f52": "the IJssel branches off from the Nederrijn.",
    "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f53": "The largest and southern main branch begins as Waal",
    "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f55": ".",
    "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f54": "\").",
    "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568681": "the Meuse",
    "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568682": "Waal and Lek.",
    "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568683": "the Meuse flowed just south of today's line Merwede-Oude Maas",
    "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568685": "the Meuse and Waal merged further upstream at Gorinchem to form Merwede.",
    "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568684": "Befor",
    "572ff890a23a5019007fcbce": "s.",
    "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcf": "Currently Rhine water runs",
    "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcd": "Many rivers have been closed (\"dammed\") and",
    "572ff890a23a5019007fcbd0": "The construction of Delta Works",
    "572ff935b2c2fd140056869b": "The Rhine-Meuse Delta is a tidal delta,",
    "572ff935b2c2fd140056869c": "shaped not only by the sedimentation of the rivers, but also by tidal currents.",
    "572ff935b2c2fd140056869d": ".",
    "572ff935b2c2fd140056869e": "the most landward tidal influence can be detected between Brakel and Zaltbommel.",
    "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbe9": "The present Mediterranean Sea descends from this somewhat larger Tethys sea.",
    "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbeb": "the two plates reversed direction and began to compress the Tethys floor,",
    "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbec": "Several",
    "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbea": "with the opening of the Tethys Ocean",
    "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbed": "Iberia pushed up the Pyrenees;",
    "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b7": "the ongoing Alpine orogeny caused a N\u2013S rift system to develop in this zone.",
    "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b8": "From the Eocene onwards",
    "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b9": "By the time of the Miocene, a river system had developed in the Upper Rhine Graben,",
    "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686ba": "Alps.",
    "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef0": "Through stream capture, the Rhine extended its watershed southward.",
    "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef1": "By the Pliocene period, the Rhine had captured streams down",
    "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef2": "the Rhine extended its watershed southward.",
    "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc15": "the geological period of the Ice Ages.",
    "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc16": "Since approximately 600,000 years ago, six major Ice Ages have",
    "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc17": "and much of the continental margins became exposed.",
    "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc18": "the Rhine followed a course to the northwest, through the present North Sea.",
    "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc19": "during glacial times, the river mouth was located offshore",
    "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e5": ".",
    "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e6": "until the end of the Pleistocene (~11,600 BP).",
    "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e7": "During this time, the lower Rhine fl",
    "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e8": "was approximately 120 m (390 ft) lower than today.",
    "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e9": "today.",
    "572fff45947a6a140053cf26": "st",
    "572fff45947a6a140053cf27": "st of the Rhine's current course was not under the ice during the last Ice Age",
    "572fff45947a6a140053cf28": "was the case during the Last Glacial Maximum, ca.",
    "572fff45947a6a140053cf29": "en ic",
    "572fff45947a6a140053cf2a": "The loess or",
    "572fffb404bcaa1900d76fef": "in spring.",
    "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff0": "began to thaw and fall-winter snow covers melted in spring.",
    "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff1": "Much of the discharge was routed to the Rhine and its downstream extension.",
    "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff2": "Rapid warming and changes of vegetation, to open forest, began about 13,000 BP.",
    "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff3": "Europe was fully forested.",
    "573003dd947a6a140053cf42": "a situation with tides and currents, very similar to present has existed.",
    "573003dd947a6a140053cf43": "could compensate the transgression by the sea;",
    "573003dd947a6a140053cf44": "the coast line was roughly at the same location.",
    "573003dd947a6a140053cf45": ".",
    "573003dd947a6a140053cf46": ".",
    "5730042804bcaa1900d77011": "the Rhine occupied its Late-Glacial valley.",
    "5730042804bcaa1900d77014": "the formation of the Holocene Rhine-Meuse delta began (~8,000 years ago).",
    "5730042804bcaa1900d77012": "the Rhine occupied its Late-Glacial valley.",
    "5730042804bcaa1900d77013": "the Rhine occupied its Late-Glacial valley.",
    "57300580b2c2fd140056874d": "Direct human impact in the delta start",
    "57300580b2c2fd140056874f": "the sediment load of the Rhine has strongly increased and delta growth has sped up.",
    "57300580b2c2fd140056874e": "the sediment load of the Rhine has strongly increased and delta growth has sped up.",
    "57300580b2c2fd1400568751": "which took place in the 11\u201313th century AD.",
    "57300580b2c2fd1400568750": "Over the past 6000 years, approximately 80 avulsions have occurred.",
    "5730069004bcaa1900d7702d": "the branches Waal and Nederrijn-Lek discharge to the North Sea",
    "5730069004bcaa1900d7702e": "through the former Meuse estuary, near Rotterdam.",
    "5730069004bcaa1900d7702f": "The river IJssel branch flows to the north and enters the IJsselmeer,",
    "5730069004bcaa1900d77030": ".",
    "5730069004bcaa1900d77031": "discharge).",
    "57300761947a6a140053cf9a": ".",
    "57300761947a6a140053cf9b": "At that time, it formed the boundary between Gaul and Germania.",
    "57300761947a6a140053cf9c": "The Upper Rhine",
    "57300761947a6a140053cf9d": ".",
    "573007fab2c2fd140056876b": "From the death of Augustus in AD 14 until after AD 70,",
    "573007fab2c2fd140056876c": "accepted as her Germanic frontier the water-boundary of the Rhine and upper Danube.",
    "573007fab2c2fd140056876d": "where the Rhine is deep and broad, remained the Roman boundary until the empire fell.",
    "573007fab2c2fd140056876f": "ere the Rhine is deep and broad, remained the Roman boundary until the empire fell.",
    "573007fab2c2fd140056876e": "The upper Rhine and upper Danube are easily crossed.",
    "57300888b2c2fd1400568775": "The Romans kept eight legions in five bases along the Rhine.",
    "57300888b2c2fd1400568777": ".",
    "57300888b2c2fd1400568778": "which was renamed to Colonia Agrippina",
    "57300888b2c2fd1400568776": "depended on whether a state or threat of war existed.",
    "57300888b2c2fd1400568779": "empire.",
    "57300911947a6a140053cfb6": "Germanic tribes crossed the Rhine in the Migration period,",
    "57300911947a6a140053cfb7": "the Rhine in the Migration period,",
    "57300911947a6a140053cfb8": ",",
    "57300911947a6a140053cfb9": "This \"Germanic Heroic Age\"",
    "57300911947a6a140053cfba": "which was thrown into the Rhine by Hagen.",
    "573009a004bcaa1900d7704f": "the Rhine was within the borders of Francia.",
    "573009a004bcaa1900d77050": "it was fully within the Holy Roman Empire,",
    "573009a004bcaa1900d77051": "it was fully within the Holy Roman Empire",
    "573009a004bcaa1900d77052": "The Alsace on the left banks of the Upper Rhine was sold to Burgundy by Archduk",
    "573009a004bcaa1900d77053": "the Upper Rhine was sold to Burgundy by Archduke Sigismund of Austria in 1469 and",
    "57300a25a23a5019007fcc97": "the Upper Rhine formed a contentious border between France and Germany.",
    "57300a25a23a5019007fcc98": "Establishing \"natural borders\" on the Rhine",
    "57300a25a23a5019007fcc99": "The Confederation of the Rhine was established by Napoleon,",
    "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9a": "The Confederation of the Rhine was established by Napoleon,",
    "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9b": "In 1840, the Rhine crisis,",
    "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77063": "the Rhineland was subject to the Treaty of Versailles.",
    "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77064": "The allies left the Rhineland",
    "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77065": "after that, it would be a demilitarised zone, with the German army forbidden to enter",
    "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77066": ".",
    "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77067": "with the German army forbidden to enter.",
    "57300bf504bcaa1900d77087": "The Rhine bridge at Arnhem,",
    "57300bf504bcaa1900d77088": ".",
    "57300bf504bcaa1900d77089": "during the failed Operation Market Garden of September 1944.",
    "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708a": "the Germans failed to demolish it.",
    "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708b": "was a Warsaw Pact war plan for an invasion of Western Europe during the Cold War.",
    "57300c67947a6a140053cff0": "1932 the generally accepted length of the Rhine was 1,230 kilometres (764 miles).",
    "57300c67947a6a140053cff1": "the generally accepted length of the Rhine was 1,230 kilometres (764 miles).",
    "57300c67947a6a140053cff3": "the Rhine was 1,230 kilometres (764 miles).",
    "57300c67947a6a140053cff2": "1932 the generally accepted length of the Rhine was 1,230 kilometres (764 miles).",
    "57300c68947a6a140053cff4": "was 1,230 kilometres (764 miles).",
    "572fac17947a6a140053cb54": "the current Parliament was convened by the Scotland Act 1998,",
    "572fac17947a6a140053cb55": "which sets out its powers as a devolved legislature.",
    "572fac17947a6a140053cb56": "The",
    "572fac17947a6a140053cb57": "powers that are \"reserved\" to the Parliament of the United Kingdom.",
    "572fac17947a6a140053cb58": "are not explicitly reserved to Westminster.",
    "572facb0a23a5019007fc863": "remained an important element in Scottish national identity.",
    "572facb0a23a5019007fc864": "For the next three hundred years",
    "572facb0a23a5019007fc865": "Suggestions for a 'devolved' Parliament were made before 1914,",
    "572facb0a23a5019007fc866": "A sharp rise in nationalism in Scotland dur",
    "572facb0a23a5019007fc867": ".",
    "572fad30a23a5019007fc86d": "the discovery of oil in the North Sea",
    "572fad30a23a5019007fc86e": "as well as the SNP.",
    "572fad30a23a5019007fc870": "1974.",
    "572fad30a23a5019007fc86f": "The party argued that the revenues from the oil were not benefitting Scotland",
    "572fad30a23a5019007fc871": ".",
    "572fadcbb2c2fd1400568329": "an elected assembly would be set up in Edinburgh",
    "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832a": "that the majority of the Scottish electorate voted for it in a referendum to be held on 1",
    "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832c": "Although the vote was 51.6% in favour of a Scottish Assembly",
    "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832b": "The 1979 Scottish devolution referendum to establish a devolved Scottish Assembly failed.",
    "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832d": "vote.",
    "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76bdf": "Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, demand for a Scottish Parliament grew",
    "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be0": "Thro",
    "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be1": "such as Scottish churches, political parties and representatives of industry taking part.",
    "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be2": "the Convention provided much of the basis for the structure of the Parliament.",
    "572faec7b2c2fd1400568333": "Since September 2004",
    "572faec7b2c2fd1400568334": "The",
    "572faec7b2c2fd1400568335": "architect Enric Miralles in partnership with local Edinburgh Architecture firm RMJM",
    "572faec7b2c2fd1400568336": "Som",
    "572faec7b2c2fd1400568337": "Queen Elizabeth II opened the new building on 9 October 2004.",
    "572faf74b2c2fd1400568349": ".",
    "572faf74b2c2fd1400568347": "Whilst the permanent building at Holyrood",
    "572faf74b2c2fd1400568348": "Official photographs and television interviews",
    "572faf74b2c2fd140056834b": "erdeen in May 2002.",
    "572faf74b2c2fd140056834a": ".",
    "572fb059947a6a140053cb80": "the Parliament also used buildings rented from the City of Edinburgh Council.",
    "572fb059947a6a140053cb81": ".",
    "572fb059947a6a140053cb82": "was used for the MSP's offices.",
    "572fb059947a6a140053cb83": ".",
    "572fb059947a6a140053cb84": "whilst the main hall was used as the Parliament's principal committee room",
    "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c15": "After each election to the Scottish Parliament",
    "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c16": "After each election to the Scottish Parliament",
    "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c17": "The Presiding Officer and deputies are elected by a secret ballot of the 129 MSPs,",
    "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c18": "Scott).",
    "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c19": ".",
    "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f7": ".",
    "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f8": "is another of the roles of the Presiding Officer.",
    "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f9": "one representative from each political parties with five or more seats in the Parliament.",
    "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8fa": ".",
    "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5b": "The debating chamber of the Scottish Parliament",
    "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5c": "The debating chamber of the Scottish Parliament has seating arranged in a hemicycle",
    "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5d": "There are 131 seats in the debating chamber.",
    "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5e": "are members of the Scottish Government.",
    "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5f": "who are not elected members of the Parliament but are members of the Scottish Government",
    "572fbf21a23a5019007fc938": ".",
    "572fbf21a23a5019007fc937": ".",
    "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93a": "Pres",
    "572fbf21a23a5019007fc939": "are inscribed around the head of the mace, wh",
    "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93b": "the mace is displayed in a glass case suspended from the lid. At",
    "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c73": "which is the substantially verbatim transcript of parliamentary debates.",
    "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c74": ".",
    "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c75": "Chamber debates and committee meetings are open to the public.",
    "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c76": ".",
    "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c77": "which is the substantially verbatim transcript of parliamentary debates.",
    "572fc043a23a5019007fc95d": "The first item of business on Wednesdays",
    "572fc043a23a5019007fc95e": ".",
    "572fc043a23a5019007fc960": "Faith groups can make direct representations to the Presiding Officer to nominate speakers.",
    "572fc043a23a5019007fc95f": "Speakers are drawn from across Scotland and",
    "572fc043a23a5019007fc961": "Faith groups can make direct representations to the Presiding Officer to nominate speakers.",
    "572fc41f947a6a140053cc80": "who speaks in chamber debates and",
    "572fc41f947a6a140053cc81": ".",
    "572fc41f947a6a140053cc82": "when selecting members to speak.",
    "572fc41f947a6a140053cc83": "Typically, ministers or party leaders open debates,",
    "572fc41f947a6a140053cc84": "The Scottish Parliament has conducted debates in the Gaelic language.",
    "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccb": "MSPs decide on all the motions and amendments that have been moved that day.",
    "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccc": "This \"Decision Time\" is heralded by the sounding of the division bell,",
    "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccd": "MSPs who are not in the chamber to return and vote.",
    "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76cce": "As a result, the outcome of each division is known in seconds.",
    "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccf": "As a result, the outcome of each division is known in seconds.",
    "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8a": "The outcome of most votes",
    "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8b": "which way to vote.",
    "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8c": "with the task of ensuring that party members vote according to the party line.",
    "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8e": "This is typically done on moral issues.",
    "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8d": "This is typically done on moral issues.",
    "572fc659b2c2fd1400568447": "Immediately after Decision Time a \"Members Debate\" is held,",
    "572fc659b2c2fd1400568449": "Members Business is a debate on a motion proposed by an MSP who is not a Scottish minister.",
    "572fc659b2c2fd1400568448": "45 minutes.",
    "572fc659b2c2fd140056844a": "Members Business is a debate on a motion proposed by an MSP who is not a Scottish minister.",
    "572fc659b2c2fd140056844b": "the debate by speaking after all other participants.",
    "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf5": "Much of the work of the Scottish Parliament is done in committee.",
    "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf6": "The",
    "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf7": "Committees can also meet at other locations throughout Scotland.",
    "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf8": "Committees can also meet at other locations throughout Scotland.",
    "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf9": "Committees can also meet at other locations throughout Scotland.",
    "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d07": "the balance of parties across Parliament.",
    "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d08": "There are different committees with their functions set out in different ways.",
    "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d09": "There are different committees with their functions set out in different ways.",
    "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0a": "Mandatory Committees are committees which are set down under the Scottish Parliament",
    "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0b": ".",
    "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d11": ".",
    "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d12": "one (or more) of the departments (or ministries) of the Scottish Government.",
    "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d13": "Government.",
    "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d14": ".",
    "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d1f": "A further type of committee",
    "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d20": ".",
    "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d21": "require the use of land or property.",
    "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d22": "Private Bill Committees",
    "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568473": ".",
    "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568474": "The Scotland Act",
    "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568475": "The Scotland Act 2012 extends the devolved competencies.",
    "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568476": "continues to constitute the supreme legislature of Scotland.",
    "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568477": "Another of the roles of the Parliament is to hold the Scottish Government to account.",
    "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f1": "Schedule 5 to the Scotland Act as reserved matters.",
    "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f2": ".",
    "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f3": "The",
    "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f4": "The Scottish Parliament has the ability to alter income tax in Scotland",
    "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f5": "The 2012 Ac",
    "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847d": ".",
    "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847e": "(and where Ministerial functions usually lie with UK Government ministers).",
    "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847f": ".",
    "572fcc43b2c2fd1400568480": "at, Westminster (and where Ministerial functions usually lie with UK Government ministers)",
    "572fcd86947a6a140053ccda": "Bills can be introduced to Parliament in a number of ways;",
    "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdb": "the Scottish Government can",
    "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdc": ".",
    "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdd": "or a private bill can be submitted to Parliament by an outside proposer.",
    "572fcd86947a6a140053ccde": "Bills pass through Parliament in a number of stages:",
    "572fce12a23a5019007fca11": "Stage 1 is the first, or introductory stage of the bill",
    "572fce13a23a5019007fca12": "ether the bill is within the legislative competence of the Parliament.",
    "572fce13a23a5019007fca13": "Statements from the Presiding Officer",
    "572fce13a23a5019007fca14": "where the minister or member in charge of the bill",
    "572fce13a23a5019007fca15": "it then proceeds to Stage 2.",
    "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd02": "Stage 3",
    "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd03": "the final stage of the bill and is considered at a meeting of the whole Parliament.",
    "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd04": "Stage 3",
    "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd05": "Opposition members",
    "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd06": "ether they agree to the general principles of the final bill.",
    "572fd264b2c2fd14005684a9": "After the bill has been pas",
    "572fd264b2c2fd14005684aa": "the bill has been passed, the Presiding Officer submits it to the Monarch for royal assent",
    "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ab": "However he can",
    "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ac": "a ruling on whether it is within the powers of the Parliament.",
    "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ad": "Acts of the Scottish Parliament do not begin with a conventional enacting formula.",
    "572fd47fa23a5019007fca55": "the Parliament forms the Scottish Government.",
    "572fd47fa23a5019007fca57": "Any member can put their name forward to be First Minister,",
    "572fd47fa23a5019007fca56": "at the beginning of each parliamentary term (after a general election).",
    "572fd47fa23a5019007fca58": "Most ministers and their juniors are drawn from amongst",
    "572fd47fa23a5019007fca59": "the formal appointment or dismissal is made by the Sovereign.",
    "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76d9f": "so on).",
    "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da0": "on).",
    "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da1": "Officer.",
    "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da3": "before the due date of an ordinary general election, in which case they supplant it.",
    "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da2": "within 28 days of a General Election or",
    "572fd73e947a6a140053cd32": "Several procedures enable the Scottish Parliament to scrutinise the Government.",
    "572fd73e947a6a140053cd33": "The First Minister or members of the cabinet can deliver statements to Parliament upon wh",
    "572fd73e947a6a140053cd34": "For example, at the beginning of each parliamentary year",
    "572fd73e947a6a140053cd35": ".",
    "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3a": "Parliamentary time is also set aside for question periods in the debating chamber.",
    "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3b": "11:40 a.m. and 12 p.m.",
    "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3c": "where members can direct questions to any member of the Scottish Government.",
    "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3d": "directly on issues under their jurisdiction.",
    "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3e": "The four general questions available to opposition leaders are:",
    "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684f9": "Of the 129 MSPs",
    "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fb": "2005 reduction in the number of Scottish MPs",
    "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fa": "Voters choose one member to represent the constituency",
    "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fd": "due to their dispersed population and distance from the Scottish Parliament in Edinburgh.",
    "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fc": ".",
    "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850b": "The total number of seats in the Parliament",
    "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850c": "using the d'Hondt method.",
    "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850d": "The party with the highest quotient is awarded the seat",
    "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850e": "which is then added to its constituency seats in allocating the second seat.",
    "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850f": "This is repeated iteratively until all available list seats are allocated.",
    "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851d": "As in the House of Commons, a number of qualifications apply to being an MSP.",
    "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851e": "1981.",
    "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851f": "As in the House of Commons, a number of qualifications apply to being an MSP.",
    "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568520": "Members of the police and the armed forces are disqualified from sitting in the Scott",
    "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568521": ".",
    "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dd9": "making this the first time in the Scottish Parliament",
    "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dda": "The SNP took 16 seats from Labour,",
    "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddb": "t, although Labour leader Iain Gray retained East Lothian by 151 votes.",
    "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddc": "The SNP took a further eight seats from the Liberal Democrats and",
    "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddd": "dence.",
    "572fdc34a23a5019007fca93": "the seat of former party leader David McLetchie, to the SNP.",
    "572fdc34a23a5019007fca94": "For the Conservatives, the main disappointment was the loss of Edinburgh Pentlands",
    "572fdc34a23a5019007fca95": "the Conservatives suff",
    "572fdc34a23a5019007fca96": "Nevertheless, she too announced she would step down as leader of the party.",
    "572fdc34a23a5019007fca97": ".",
    "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9d": "A",
    "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9e": ".",
    "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9f": "This phenomenon is known as the West Lothian question and has led to criticism.",
    "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa0": "Following the Conservative victory in the 2015 UK election,",
    "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa1": "MPs representing English constituencies a new \"veto\" over laws only affecting England",
    "572ff626947a6a140053ce8e": ".",
    "572ff626947a6a140053ce8f": "life.",
    "572ff626947a6a140053ce90": "the reordering of government and society in accordance with the Shari'a.",
    "572ff626947a6a140053ce91": "The",
    "572ff626947a6a140053ce92": "at",
    "572ff760b2c2fd1400568677": "Tunisian Ennahda Movement.",
    "572ff760b2c2fd1400568678": "Hamas in Palestine participate in",
    "572ff760b2c2fd1400568679": "The Islamist groups like Hezbollah in Lebanon and",
    "572ff760b2c2fd140056867a": "tacks on a religious basis.",
    "572ff760b2c2fd140056867b": "attacks on a religious basis.",
    "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f65": "Another major division within Islamism is between what Graham E. Fuller",
    "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f66": "wh",
    "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f67": "Islam.",
    "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f68": "Following the Arab Spring, Roy",
    "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f69": "Islamists need democratic elections to maintain their legitimacy.",
    "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd5": "Islamism is",
    "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd6": "Islam",
    "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd7": "Islam, while the contrary idea that Islam is, or can be, apolitical is an error.",
    "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd8": "Hay",
    "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd9": "who seek to separate religion from politics.",
    "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76f9f": "Islamists",
    "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa0": "that \"the conception of 'political Islam'\" is a creation of American",
    "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa1": "and apolitical Islam",
    "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa2": "between 1945 and 1970\", and",
    "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa3": "requires explanation.",
    "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee7": "dangerous enemies.",
    "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee6": "During the 1970s and sometimes",
    "572ffbaa947a6a140053ceea": "\"experience, ideology, and weapons\", and had considerable impact.",
    "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee9": "The US spent billions of dollars to aid the mujahideen Muslim Af",
    "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee8": "Islamists were considered by Western governments bulwarks against\u2014what",
    "572ffbaab2c2fd14005686cd": "\"experience, ideology, and weapons\", and had considerable impact.",
    "572ffc99947a6a140053cef6": "Egyptian President Anwar Sadat",
    "572ffc99947a6a140053cef7": ".",
    "572ffc99947a6a140053cef8": "Islamists from prison and",
    "572ffc99947a6a140053cef9": "This \"gentlemen's agreement\" between Sadat and Islamists broke down in 1975 but",
    "572ffc99947a6a140053cefa": "Sad",
    "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc7": ".",
    "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc8": "y Muslims.",
    "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc9": "\" that democracy \"is responsible for all the horrible wars of the 20th century",
    "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fca": ".",
    "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fcb": "the \"gold standard\" of religion in minds of some or many Muslims.",
    "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686ef": "Islamist movements such as the Muslim Brotherhood",
    "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f2": "All",
    "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f0": "are well known for providing shelters,",
    "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f3": "whose commitment to social justice is limited to rhetoric.",
    "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f1": "\"",
    "572ffee1947a6a140053cf14": "While studying law and philosophy in England and Germany",
    "572ffee1947a6a140053cf15": "Iqbal became a member of the London branch of the All India Muslim League",
    "572ffee1947a6a140053cf17": "He was a critic of the mainstream Indian nationalist and secularist Indian National Congress.",
    "572ffee1947a6a140053cf16": "He came back to Lahore in 1908.",
    "572ffee1947a6a140053cf18": ".",
    "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686f9": "Iqbal expressed fears that not only would secularism and secular nationalism",
    "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fa": "crowd out Muslim heritage, culture and political influence.",
    "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fb": "calling for the shedding of nationalist differences.",
    "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fc": "Sir Muhammad I",
    "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fd": "This address later inspired the Pakistan movement.",
    "5730005db2c2fd1400568703": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi was",
    "5730005db2c2fd1400568704": "Tra",
    "5730005db2c2fd1400568705": "Maududi founded the Jamaat-e-Islami party in 1941 and",
    "5730005db2c2fd1400568706": "Maududi had much more impact through his writing than through his political organising.",
    "5730005db2c2fd1400568707": "His extremely influential books (translated into many languages) placed Islam in",
    "57300137b2c2fd1400568717": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi was",
    "57300137b2c2fd1400568718": "Trained as a lawyer he",
    "57300137b2c2fd140056871a": "Maududi had much more impact through his writing than through his political organising.",
    "57300137b2c2fd140056871b": "His extremely influential books (translated into many languages) placed Islam in",
    "57300200b2c2fd1400568729": ".",
    "57300200b2c2fd140056872a": ".",
    "57300200b2c2fd140056872b": "This state should be a \"theo-democracy,",
    "57300200b2c2fd140056872c": "Maududi also believed that",
    "57300200b2c2fd140056872d": "but the gradual changing the hearts and minds of individuals from",
    "5730035e04bcaa1900d77001": "Maududi was the founding of the Muslim Brotherhood in Ismailiyah,",
    "5730035e04bcaa1900d77002": "Maududi was the founding of the Muslim Brotherhood in Ismailiyah,",
    "5730035e04bcaa1900d77003": "the founding of the Muslim Brotherhood in Ismailiyah",
    "5730035e04bcaa1900d77004": "Under the motto \"the Qur'an is our constitution,",
    "5730035e04bcaa1900d77005": "eliminating all imperialist influence in the Muslim world.",
    "5730040f947a6a140053cf4c": "Some elements of the Brotherhood, though perhaps against orders,",
    "5730040f947a6a140053cf4d": "Al-Banna was assassinated in 1949",
    "5730040f947a6a140053cf4e": "in retaliation for the assassination of Egypt's premier Mahmud Fami Naqrashi th",
    "5730040f947a6a140053cf4f": "The Brotherhood has suffered periodic repression in Egypt and",
    "5730040f947a6a140053cf50": "who jailed thousands of members for several years.",
    "573004bf947a6a140053cf56": ".",
    "573004bf947a6a140053cf59": "In the Egyptian parliamentary election, 2011\u20132012, the",
    "573004bf947a6a140053cf57": "For many years it was described as \"semi-legal\" and",
    "573004bf947a6a140053cf58": ".",
    "573004bf947a6a140053cf5a": "was the first democratically elected president of Egypt.",
    "573005b9947a6a140053cf6a": ".",
    "573005b9947a6a140053cf6b": ".",
    "573005b9947a6a140053cf6c": ".",
    "573005b9947a6a140053cf6d": ".",
    "573005b9947a6a140053cf6e": ".",
    "5730088e947a6a140053cfad": "Mohammad Iqbal, ideological father of the State of Pakistan",
    "5730088e947a6a140053cfac": "The views of Ali Shariati, ideologue of the Iranian Revolution,",
    "5730088e947a6a140053cfae": "like Mawdudi and Qutb.",
    "5730088e947a6a140053cfaf": "Ali for restoration of Sharia law was essential to Islam,",
    "5730088e947a6a140053cfb0": "was part of a long-term conspiracy against Islam by the Western governments.",
    "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b7": "The Islamic Republic",
    "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b9": "Shia terrorist groups in Iraq",
    "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b8": "The Islamic Republic",
    "57300e2604bcaa1900d770ba": "During the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict",
    "57300e2604bcaa1900d770bb": "vanish.",
    "57300ec0947a6a140053d004": "In 1979, the Soviet Union deployed its 40th Army into Afghanistan",
    "57300ec0947a6a140053d005": "In 1979, the Soviet Union deployed its 40th Army into Afghanistan",
    "57300ec0947a6a140053d006": "around the world to send aid and sometimes to go themselves to fight for their faith.",
    "57300ec0947a6a140053d007": "While the military effectiveness of these \"Afghan Arabs\" was marginal, an",
    "57300ec0947a6a140053d008": "Muslim volunteers came from around the world came to fight in Afghanistan.",
    "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d1": "the Islamist movement was the Gulf War",
    "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d2": "Saddam Hussein's occupation of Kuwait.",
    "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d3": "Prior to 1990 Saudi Arabia played an important role in restraining the many Islam",
    "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d4": "western troops came to protect the Saudi monarchy.",
    "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d5": "Islamists accused the Saudi regime of being a puppet of the west.",
    "573010fab2c2fd14005687d7": "These attacks resonated with conservative Muslims",
    "573010fab2c2fd14005687d9": "Saudi Arabia attempted to compensate for its loss of prestige among",
    "573010fab2c2fd14005687d8": "These attacks",
    "573010fab2c2fd14005687da": "attack.",
    "573010fab2c2fd14005687db": "These attacks",
    "573011de04bcaa1900d770f9": "While",
    "573011de04bcaa1900d770fa": "While",
    "573011de04bcaa1900d770fb": "the leadership of the Brotherhood",
    "573011de04bcaa1900d770fc": "Fringe or splinter movements",
    "573011de04bcaa1900d770fd": "By the 1970s",
    "5730126ba23a5019007fcd09": "The path of violence and military struggle",
    "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0a": ".",
    "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0b": "the extremist group directed its attacks",
    "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0c": "wh",
    "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0d": ".",
    "5730131c947a6a140053d052": ".",
    "5730131c947a6a140053d053": "over 100 Egyptian police.",
    "5730131c947a6a140053d055": "2003",
    "5730131c947a6a140053d054": "Ultimately the campaign to overthrow the government was unsuccessful, and",
    "5730131c947a6a140053d056": "ngs.",
    "5730208fa23a5019007fcded": "the Muslim Brotherhood in Palestine took a \"quiescent\" stance towards Israel,",
    "5730208fa23a5019007fcdee": "the Brotherhood announced the formation of HAMAS",
    "5730208fa23a5019007fcdef": "the 1988 Hamas",
    "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf1": "The",
    "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf0": "It",
    "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f7": "Hamas has continued to be a major player in Palestine.",
    "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f8": "From 2000 to 2007 it killed 542 people in 140 suicide bombing or \"martyrdom operations\".",
    "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f9": ".",
    "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fa": "it won the majority of the seats, and in 2007 it drove the PLO out of Gaza.",
    "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fb": "Hamas has been praised by Muslims for driving Israel out of the Gaza Strip,",
    "57302700a23a5019007fce89": "For many years, Sudan had an Islamist regime under the leadership of Hassan al-Turabi.",
    "57302700a23a5019007fce8a": "For many years, Sudan had an Islamist regime under the leadership of Hassan al-Turabi.",
    "57302700a23a5019007fce8b": "General Gaafar al-Nimeiry invited members to serve in his government in 1979.",
    "57302700a23a5019007fce8c": "Turabi bu",
    "57302700a23a5019007fce8d": ".",
    "573027d6a23a5019007fce9d": "After al-Nimeiry was overthrown in 1985",
    "573027d6a23a5019007fce9e": ".",
    "573027d6a23a5019007fce9f": "before coming to power",
    "573027d6a23a5019007fcea0": ".",
    "573027d6a23a5019007fcea1": ".",
    "5730285a04bcaa1900d77270": "when voting was canceled by a military coup d'\u00e9tat.",
    "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726f": "when voting was canceled by a military coup d'\u00e9tat.",
    "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726e": ".",
    "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726d": "when voting was canceled by a military coup d'\u00e9tat.",
    "5730285a04bcaa1900d77271": "when voting was canceled by a military coup d'\u00e9tat.",
    "573028fa04bcaa1900d77287": "In Afghanistan",
    "573028fa04bcaa1900d77288": "In Afghanistan, the mujahideen's victory against the Soviet Union in the 1980s",
    "573028fa04bcaa1900d7728a": "In",
    "573028fa04bcaa1900d77289": "In Afghanistan, the mujahideen's victory against the Soviet Union in the 1980s",
    "573028fa04bcaa1900d7728b": ".",
    "57302a3aa23a5019007fcecf": "Pakistan.",
    "57302a3aa23a5019007fced0": "in neighboring Pakistan",
    "57302a3aa23a5019007fced1": "The Taliban differed from other Islamist movements to the point",
    "57302a3aa23a5019007fced2": "the label of Sharia to an entire country.",
    "57302a3aa23a5019007fced3": ".",
    "57302ad804bcaa1900d772af": "Pakistan.",
    "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b0": "he was overthrown.",
    "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b1": "became his \"official state ideology\".",
    "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b2": "and using Islamization to legitimize his means of seizing power.",
    "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b3": "but Islamization remains an important element in Pakistani society.",
    "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689db": "which is led by and mainly composed of Sunni Arabs from Iraq and Syria.",
    "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dc": "\"The Islamic State\", formerly known as the \"Islamic State of Iraq",
    "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689de": "it had control over territory occupied by ten million people in Iraq and Syria,",
    "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689df": "While a self-described state, it lacks international recognition.",
    "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dd": "In",
    "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d7": "it pledged allegiance to al-Qaeda in 2004",
    "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d8": "the March 2003 invasion of Iraq by Western forces",
    "57302cd004bcaa1900d772da": "The United Nations",
    "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d9": "joined the fight in the Syrian Civil War beginning in March 2011,",
    "57302cd004bcaa1900d772db": "The",
    "57302e45947a6a140053d22e": "In its focus on the Caliphate",
    "57302e45947a6a140053d22f": "Caliphs in the 7th century, but with the abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate in 1924.",
    "57302e45947a6a140053d230": "but with the abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate in 1924.",
    "57302e45947a6a140053d231": "This is believed to have ended the true Islamic system,",
    "57302e45947a6a140053d232": "the disbelieving (Kafir) colonial powers\" working through Turkish modernist Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk.",
    "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f5": "HT does not engage in armed",
    "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f6": "HT does not engage in armed jihad or",
    "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f7": "Muslim public opinion",
    "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f8": "Egypt, and is now banned in both countries.",
    "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f9": ".",
    "57302faa04bcaa1900d77311": ".",
    "57302faa04bcaa1900d77312": "are some with a strong Islamist outlook.",
    "57302faa04bcaa1900d77313": "2007 Channel 4 documentary programme Undercover Mosque",
    "57302faa04bcaa1900d77314": "2007 Channel 4 documentary programme Undercover Mosque, has given rise to the term Londonistan.",
    "57302faa04bcaa1900d77315": "was arrested and charged with incitement to terrorism wh",
    "57303048947a6a140053d254": "2001.",
    "57303048947a6a140053d255": ".",
    "57303048947a6a140053d256": "d War.",
    "57303048947a6a140053d257": "2001.",
    "57303048947a6a140053d258": "ich was charged with undermining the communist ideology during the Cold War.",
    "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c6": "Its name originated from the Latin word \"imperium\"",
    "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c7": "Imperialism is a type of advocacy of empire.",
    "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c9": "The",
    "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4ca": "It has also allowed for the rapid spread of technologies and ideas.",
    "573062662461fd1900a9cdf7": ".",
    "573062662461fd1900a9cdf8": "Ther",
    "573062662461fd1900a9cdfa": "Imperialism is",
    "573062662461fd1900a9cdfb": "In",
    "57306797396df919000960ee": "forcefully.",
    "57306797396df919000960ef": "the first meaning physical control or \"full-fledged colonial rule\" while",
    "57306797396df919000960f0": "general-purpose aggressiveness.",
    "57306797396df919000960f2": "y.",
    "57306797396df919000960f1": "To clear out this confusion about the definition of imperialism",
    "573081c2069b531400832133": ".",
    "573081c2069b531400832134": "Polit",
    "573081c2069b531400832135": "The Russian leader Lenin suggested that \"imperialism was the highest form of capitalism,",
    "573081c2069b531400832136": "e to their political and economic authority over other nations",
    "573081c2069b531400832137": "Political",
    "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6d": "The term \"imperialism\" is often conflated with \"colonialism\",",
    "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6e": "Thus it",
    "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6f": "Col",
    "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce70": "Contiguous land empires such as the Russian or Ottoman are",
    "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce71": ":116",
    "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54c": "c",
    "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54d": ".",
    "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54e": "The meaning of imperialism is",
    "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c550": ".",
    "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54f": "peoples are inherited by the conquered indigenous populations.",
    "5730876a396df9190009617a": ".",
    "5730876a396df9190009617c": "was needed.",
    "5730876a396df9190009617b": "the races of highest 'social efficiency'\".",
    "5730876a396df9190009617d": ".",
    "5730876a396df9190009617e": "are common.",
    "573088da069b53140083216b": ".",
    "573088da069b53140083216c": "Halford Mackinder of Britain also supported imperialism.",
    "573088da069b53140083216d": ".",
    "573088da069b53140083216e": "Rat",
    "573088da069b53140083216f": "who would come back with tales of their discoveries.",
    "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c576": "in the tropics they were only able to become fully human in the temperate zone.",
    "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c577": "they were only able to become fully human in the temperate zone.",
    "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c578": "as the west\u2019s construction of the east as the \u201cother\u201d.",
    "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c579": "Ac",
    "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c57a": "Orient.",
    "57308ddc396df919000961a5": ".",
    "57308ddc396df919000961a7": "s.",
    "57308ddc396df919000961a4": "s.",
    "57308ddc396df919000961a6": ".",
    "57308ddc396df919000961a8": ".",
    "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c580": "Edward Said, refers to how the West developed an imaginative geography of the East.",
    "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c581": "led.",
    "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c582": "the West developed an imaginative geography of the East.",
    "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c583": "ritories.",
    "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c584": "the West developed an imaginative geography of the East.",
    "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58a": "Bassett focuses his analysis of the role of nineteenth-century maps",
    "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58b": ".",
    "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58c": "information to fill in blank spaces on contemporary maps\".",
    "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58d": ".",
    "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58e": ".",
    "573092088ab72b1400f9c595": "the Aztec Empire and the Incan Empire.",
    "573092088ab72b1400f9c594": "Imperialism was a basic component to the conquests of Genghis Khan dur",
    "573092088ab72b1400f9c597": "Imperialism",
    "573092088ab72b1400f9c598": "Imperialism has played an important role in the histories of Japan, Korea,",
    "573092088ab72b1400f9c596": "Imperialism",
    "573093598ab72b1400f9c5ae": "Nor is such a usage of culture recent, as part of Roman imperialism local elites w",
    "573093598ab72b1400f9c5af": "a country's influence is felt in social and cultural circles,",
    "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b0": "during the Cold War changed the expectations of Romanians;",
    "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b1": "Nor is such a usage of culture recent, as part of Roman imperialism local elites w",
    "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b2": "a country's influence is felt in social and cultural circles, i.e.",
    "57309446396df919000961b8": "The Age of Imperialism, a time period beginning around 1700,",
    "57309446396df919000961b9": "The Age of Imperialism, a time period beginning around 1700",
    "57309446396df919000961ba": "Although imperialist practices have existed for thousands of years,",
    "57309446396df919000961bb": "The Age of Imperialism",
    "57309446396df919000961bc": "China.",
    "57309564069b5314008321a5": ".",
    "57309564069b5314008321a6": "World War I, making the many imperial powers rich and prosperous.",
    "57309564069b5314008321a7": "constructed a framework for understanding European imperialism.",
    "57309564069b5314008321a8": "Because of the resources made available by imperialism",
    "57309564069b5314008321a9": "I, making the many imperial powers rich and prosperous.",
    "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d2": ".",
    "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d4": "The colonization of India in the mid-18th century offers",
    "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d3": "colonies, in combination with assuming political control by military and political means.",
    "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d5": "The colonization of India in the mid-18th century offers",
    "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dc": "Along",
    "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dd": "European chemists made deadly explosives that",
    "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5de": "By the 1880s, the machine gun had become an effective battlefield weapon.",
    "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5df": "the Zulus in Southern Africa during the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879).",
    "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5e0": "By the 1880s, the machine gun had become an effective battlefield weapon.",
    "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e6": "Th",
    "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e7": "The term",
    "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e8": ".",
    "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e9": "hoed by later Marxist theoreticians.",
    "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c600": ".",
    "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c602": "the United States from the 1950s.",
    "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c601": "While these non-Marxist writers were at their most prolific before World War I",
    "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c603": "the international disease of imperialism by removing its economic foundation.",
    "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c604": "Hob",
    "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60a": "served as a moral justification for domination of certain territories and peoples.",
    "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60b": "It was believed that",
    "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60c": ".",
    "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60d": "people in a racial hierarchy.",
    "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60e": "This takes two forms, orientalism and tropicality.",
    "5730a314069b5314008321eb": "According to geographic scholars under colonizing empires",
    "5730a314069b5314008321ec": "The people of these climates",
    "5730a314069b5314008321ed": "The people of these climates were believed to be in need of guidance",
    "5730a314069b5314008321ee": "people based on their geographical location.",
    "5730a314069b5314008321ef": "According",
    "5730a40f396df91900096234": ".",
    "5730a40f396df91900096235": "In 1599 the British East India Company was established and",
    "5730a40f396df91900096236": ".",
    "5730a40f396df91900096237": "In 1767 political activity caused exploitation of the East India Company",
    "5730a40f396df91900096238": "who already had set up trading posts in India.",
    "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf29": "France to",
    "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2a": "France took control of Algeria in",
    "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2d": ".",
    "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2b": ".",
    "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2c": ".",
    "5730a951069b531400832213": "have a right over the lower races, they have a duty to civilize the inferior\".",
    "5730a951069b531400832214": ".",
    "5730a951069b531400832215": "Contrasting from Britain, France sent small numbers of settlers to its colonies",
    "5730a951069b531400832216": ".",
    "5730a951069b531400832217": "where French settlers nevertheless always remained a small minority.",
    "5730aa52069b53140083221d": "In World War II",
    "5730aa52069b53140083221e": "However after 1945 anti-colonial movements began to challenge the Empire.",
    "5730aa52069b53140083221f": "France fought and lost a bitter war in Vietnam in the 1950s.",
    "5730aa52069b531400832220": "France fought and lost a bitter war in Vietnam in the 1950s.",
    "5730aa52069b531400832221": "by 1960, but France retained great financial and diplomatic influence.",
    "5730ab63396df91900096260": "From their original homelands in Scandinavia and northern Europe",
    "5730ab63396df91900096263": "From their original homelands in Scandinavia and northern Europe",
    "5730ab63396df91900096261": "From their original homelands in Scandinavia and northern Europe",
    "5730ab63396df91900096262": "From their original homelands in Scandinavia and northern Europe, Germanic trib",
    "5730ab63396df91900096264": "Europe",
    "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf73": "f.",
    "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf74": ".",
    "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf75": "itself.",
    "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf77": "who caused the dissolution of that Holy Roman Empire,",
    "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf76": "distract Germany from its central interest, Europe itself.",
    "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c682": "before losing interest in imperialism.",
    "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c683": "Germany made this sudden and short-lived move.",
    "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c685": "why Germany made this sudden and short-lived move.",
    "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c684": "in 1884.",
    "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c686": "He was influenced by Hamburg merchants and traders, his neighbors at Friedrichsruh.",
    "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa4": ".",
    "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa3": "During the First Sino-Japanese War in 1894, Japan absorbed Taiwan.",
    "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa6": ".",
    "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa5": "In 1931 Japan conquered Manchuria from China.",
    "5730b255396df919000962b0": "ful.",
    "5730b255396df919000962b1": "Begin",
    "5730b255396df919000962b2": "right to limited self-determination for national minorities within the new territory.",
    "5730b255396df919000962b3": "in the old Tsarist Empire in areas its forces occupied in Eastern Europe.",
    "5730b255396df919000962b4": "1921,",
    "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc5": ".",
    "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc6": "Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism",
    "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc9": "It has al",
    "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc8": "In his speech on the UN conference in 1960",
    "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc7": "However, after Lenin's death",
    "5730b541396df919000962c2": ".",
    "5730b541396df919000962c3": "Increasing degrees of internal autono",
    "5730b541396df919000962c5": "that gave it dominance in the trade of much of the world.",
    "5730b541396df919000962c4": "after the independence of Spanish and Portuguese colonies about 1820.",
    "5730b541396df919000962c6": "Following the defeat of Napoleonic France in 1815,",
    "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfcf": "The British Empire was the largest Empire that the world has eve",
    "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd0": "formed an ideological underpinning during this time.",
    "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd2": "Other influential spokes",
    "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd1": "A resurgence came in the late 19th century",
    "5730b7ce069b5314008322c3": "The early United States expressed its opposition to Imperialism,",
    "5730b7ce069b5314008322c4": "The best he could do was to operate his racket in three districts.",
    "5730b7ce069b5314008322c6": "Philippines as they also denounced them for causing the deaths of many Filipinos.",
    "5730b7ce069b5314008322c5": "In 1898, American",
    "5730b7ce069b5314008322c7": "American foreign policy was denounced as a \"racket\" by Smedley Butler, an American general.",
    "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c704": "Bowman was the director of the American Geographical Society in 1914.",
    "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c705": "he was appointed to then President Woodrow Wilson's inquiry in 1917.",
    "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c706": "The inquiry was the idea of President Wilson and the American delegation from the Paris Peace Conference.",
    "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c707": "The point of this inquiry was to build a premise that would allow for U.",
    "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c708": "was a geographer named Isiah Bowman.",
    "5730bb522461fd1900a9d011": ".",
    "5730bb522461fd1900a9d012": "This internal form of empire has been referred to as \"internal colonialism\".",
    "5730bb522461fd1900a9d013": "Participation in the African slave trade",
    "5730bb522461fd1900a9d015": "Edward Said made a bold statement on modern imperialism in the United States,",
    "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73c": "The Ottoman Empire was an imperial state that lasted from 1299 to 1923.",
    "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73d": "at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent",
    "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73e": "17th century the empire contained 32 provinces and numerous vassal states.",
    "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73f": "course of centuries.",
    "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c740": "The Ottoman Empire was an imperial state that lasted from 1299 to 1923.",
    "5730bd00069b5314008322d7": ".",
    "5730bd00069b5314008322d9": "The empire all",
    "5730bd00069b5314008322db": "thus ending Turkish colonial ambitions.",
    "5730bd00069b5314008322da": ".",
    "5730982f396df919000961e2": "In the 19th century its main predecessor was a leader in Evangelicalism.",
    "5730982f396df919000961e3": "The United Methodist Church (UMC) is a mainline Protestant Methodist denomination.",
    "5730982f396df919000961e4": "In the 19th century its main predecessor was a leader in Evangelicalism.",
    "5730982f396df919000961e5": "The United Methodist Church (UMC) is a mainline Protestant Methodist denomination.",
    "5730982f396df919000961e6": "As such, the church's theological orientation is decidedly Wesleyan.",
    "573098c12461fd1900a9cee5": "The United Methodist Church",
    "573098c12461fd1900a9cee6": "approximately 80 million adherents across the world.",
    "573098c12461fd1900a9cee7": "In the United States, the UMC ranks as the largest mainline Protestant denomination",
    "573098c12461fd1900a9cee8": "registered membership.",
    "57309921396df919000961f6": ".",
    "57309921396df919000961f7": ".",
    "57309921396df919000961f8": "Other students",
    "573099f42461fd1900a9cef7": "In 1735",
    "573099f42461fd1900a9cef8": ".",
    "573099f42461fd1900a9cef9": ".",
    "573099f42461fd1900a9cefa": "In less than two years, the \"Holy Club\" disbanded.",
    "57309a6c2461fd1900a9ceff": ".",
    "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf00": "Thomas Coke as superintendent (bishop) to organize a separate Methodist Society.",
    "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf01": "In 1784, after unsuccessful attempts to have the Church of England send",
    "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf02": "officially establishing the Methodist Episcopal Church.",
    "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf03": ".",
    "57309adb396df919000961fc": "in the Old City neighborhood of Philadelphia",
    "57309adb396df919000961fd": "is the oldest Methodist church in continuous use in the United States,",
    "57309adb396df919000961fe": "The congregation was founded in 1767,",
    "57309adb396df919000961ff": "The congregation was founded in 1767,",
    "57309adb396df91900096200": ".",
    "57309cd6069b5314008321c3": "Richard Allen and Absalom Jones became the first African Americans ordained by the Methodist Church.",
    "57309cd6069b5314008321c4": "Richard Allen and Absalom Jones became the first African Americans ordained by the Methodist Church",
    "57309cd6069b5314008321c5": "They were licensed by St. George's Church in 1784.",
    "57309d31396df91900096210": "In 1830",
    "57309d31396df91900096211": "In 1830",
    "57309d31396df91900096212": "In",
    "57309d31396df91900096213": "In",
    "5730a97a396df9190009625a": ".",
    "5730a97a396df9190009625b": "new denomination was given birth by the two churches that",
    "5730a97a396df9190009625c": "With",
    "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6d": "The United Methodist Church understands itself to be part of the holy catholic",
    "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6e": ".",
    "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6f": "It upholds the concept of the \"visible and invisible Church,",
    "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c64e": "John Wesley",
    "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c650": "Dr. Thomas Coke, already an Anglican priest, assisted Wesley in this action.",
    "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c64f": "John Wesley was compelled in 1784 to",
    "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c655": ".",
    "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c654": ".",
    "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c656": "With the formation of The United Methodist Church in 1968, theologian Albert C. Outler led",
    "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c657": "Outler's work proved pivotal in the work of union, and he is",
    "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c670": "the grace that \"goes before\" us, is given to all people.",
    "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c672": ".",
    "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c671": ".",
    "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c673": ".",
    "5730aeba069b531400832241": "that we receive by faith and trust in Christ, through which God pardons the believer of sin.",
    "5730aeba069b531400832242": "The justifying grace",
    "5730aeba069b531400832243": "Today, justifying grace is also known as conversion, \"",
    "5730aeba069b531400832244": "or being \"born again\".",
    "5730aeba069b531400832245": "John Wesley originally called this experience the New Birth.",
    "5730afed069b53140083225f": "Sanctifying Grace is that grace of God wh",
    "5730afed069b531400832260": "Sanctifying Grace",
    "5730afed069b531400832261": ".",
    "5730afed069b531400832262": "Christian Perfection",
    "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c696": "It",
    "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c697": "The United Methodist Church believes in prima scriptura",
    "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c698": "Today, the UMC",
    "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c699": "Therefore, according to The Book of Discipline, United",
    "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c69f": "2008",
    "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c69e": "the use of late-term or partial birth abortion except as a medical necessity.",
    "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c6a0": "was a founding member of the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice.",
    "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6ae": ".",
    "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6af": "The",
    "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6b0": ".",
    "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfad": ".",
    "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfae": "There was an attempt to withdraw the United Methodist Church membership in",
    "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfaf": "the Taskforce of United Methodists on Abortion and Sexuality (TUMAS)",
    "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb3": "Historically, the Methodist Church has supported the temperance movement.",
    "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb6": ".",
    "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb4": "John Wesley warned against the dangers of drinking in his famous sermon,",
    "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb5": "unfermented grape juice in the sacrament of Holy Communion,",
    "5730b54c069b53140083228d": ".",
    "5730b54c069b53140083228e": "talionis in Matthew 5:38-39 and abolished the death penalty in John",
    "5730b54c069b53140083228f": "talionis in Matthew 5:38-39 and abolished the death penalty in John 8:7.",
    "5730b54c069b531400832290": "The General Conference of the United Methodist Church",
    "5730b5cc396df919000962d2": "the celebration of same-sex unions.",
    "5730b5cc396df919000962d3": "Rev. Jimmy Creech was defrocked after a highly publicized church trial",
    "5730b5cc396df919000962d4": "in 2016 after same-sex marriage was legalized nationwide,",
    "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd7": "which would permit ministers to officiate same-sex weddings,",
    "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd8": "the LGBT community within the UMC.",
    "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd9": "man",
    "5730b776069b5314008322bd": "In",
    "5730b776069b5314008322be": "In 2005",
    "5730b776069b5314008322bf": "The Baltimore-Washington Conference of the UMC",
    "5730b9852461fd1900a9cff9": "The United Methodist Church opposes conscription as incompatible with the teaching of Scripture.",
    "5730b9852461fd1900a9cffa": ".",
    "5730b9852461fd1900a9cffb": "Ther",
    "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c70e": "Christ's message and teachings.",
    "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c70f": "the Church rejects war as an instrument of national foreign policy,",
    "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c710": "Consequently, the United Methodist Church endorses general",
    "5730bdfe396df9190009630e": "It is harmful and is generally addictive.",
    "5730bdfe396df9190009630f": ".",
    "5730bdfe396df91900096310": "\"",
    "5730bf03069b5314008322eb": "the research purposes.",
    "5730bf03069b5314008322ed": "It supports research on stem cells retrieved from umbilical cords and",
    "5730bf03069b5314008322ec": ".",
    "5730c059069b531400832305": ".",
    "5730c059069b531400832306": "The Book of Common Prayer called the Sunday Service of the Methodists in North America.",
    "5730c059069b531400832307": "the Sunday Service of the Methodists in North America.",
    "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc46": "some clergy in The United Methodist Church in Africa.",
    "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc47": ".",
    "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc48": "These services involve the laying on of hands and anointing with oil.",
    "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4c": "may be named after a biblical figure (e.g., \"St. James UMC\").",
    "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4d": "William",
    "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4e": "Methodism's revered founder John Wesley are",
    "5730c737b54a4f140068cc52": "The United Methodist Church is organized into conferences.",
    "5730c737b54a4f140068cc54": ".",
    "5730c737b54a4f140068cc55": "which is revised after each General Conference.",
    "5730c737b54a4f140068cc53": "The highest level is called the General Conference",
    "5730c737b54a4f140068cc56": "The General Conference meets every four years (quadrennium).",
    "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa7": "Northeastern, Southeastern, North Central, South Central and Western.",
    "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa8": "Outside the United States the church is divided into seven central conferences:",
    "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa9": ".",
    "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aaa": "the chief administrators of the church.",
    "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aab": ".",
    "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449c": "Decisions in-between the four-year meetings are made by the Mission Council",
    "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449d": "the Mission Council (usually consisting of church bishops).",
    "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449e": "at Southern Methodist University for the George W. Bush Presidential Library.",
    "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449f": "at Southern Methodist University for the George W. Bush Presidential Library.",
    "5730c8a1f6cb411900e244a0": "Southern Methodist University for the George W. Bush Presidential Library.",
    "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac2": "The Judicial Council is the highest court in the denomination.",
    "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac1": "The Judicial Council is the highest court in the denomination.",
    "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac3": ".",
    "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac4": "The Council meets twice a year at various locations throughout the world.",
    "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac5": "The Council meets twice a year at various locations throughout the world.",
    "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154a": "is the basic unit of organization within the UMC.",
    "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154b": ".",
    "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154c": "Clergy are members of their Annual Conference rather than of any local congregation",
    "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c2": "The Book of Discipline",
    "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c3": "All UM churches",
    "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c4": "All UM churches must have a board of trustees with",
    "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c5": "The church conference is",
    "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c6": "to elect officers to the committees.",
    "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc66": "As such, the United Methodist Church",
    "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc67": "The church operates three hundred sixty schools and institutions overseas.",
    "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc68": "members of the International Association of Methodist-related Schools, Colleges, and Universities.",
    "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc94": "The first Methodist clergy were ordained by John Wesley,",
    "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc95": "They generally serve as pastors in local congregations.",
    "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc96": "Elders in full connection are each a member of their Annual Conference Order of Elders.",
    "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc97": "each deacon in full connection is a member of their Annual Conference Order of Deacons.",
    "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af5": "the several District Superintendents of the Districts of the Annual Conference.",
    "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af6": "All",
    "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af7": "no appointments are officially fixed.",
    "5730d473b7151e1900c0155a": ".",
    "5730d473b7151e1900c0155b": "Elde",
    "5730d473b7151e1900c0155c": "Elders serve a term of 2\u20133 years as provisional Elders prior to their ordination.",
    "5730d473b7151e1900c0155d": "Elders may also be assigned as District Superintendents,",
    "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b03": "Deacons serve a term of 2\u20133 years as provisional deacons prior to their ordination.",
    "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b04": "Deacons",
    "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b05": "Deacons assist elders in the sacraments of Holy Communion and Baptism,",
    "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b06": "they are appointed as the pastor in a local church.",
    "5730d597f6cb411900e244d6": "At the 1996 General Conference the ordination order of transitional deacon was abolished.",
    "5730d597f6cb411900e244d7": ".",
    "5730d597f6cb411900e244d8": "This created new orders known as \"provisional elder\"",
    "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01562": "A",
    "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01563": "The licensed local pastor",
    "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01564": "an approved five-year course of study at an approved United",
    "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01565": "They may continue towards Associate Membership allowing them to retire as clergy.",
    "5730d77ef6cb411900e244dc": "Baptized Members are those",
    "5730d77ef6cb411900e244dd": ".",
    "5730d77ef6cb411900e244de": "other Christian denomination.",
    "5730de74f6cb411900e244fc": "Unlike confirmation and profession of faith, Baptism is a sacrament in the UMC.",
    "5730de74f6cb411900e244fd": "students learn about Church",
    "5730de74f6cb411900e244fe": "The Book of Discipline of the United Methodist Church",
    "5730de74f6cb411900e244ff": "In confirmation and membership preparation classes",
    "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b61": "There are two categories of lay servants:",
    "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b62": "To",
    "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b63": "Each year they must reapply,",
    "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b64": "To be recognized as local church lay servant",
    "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b73": "The United Methodist Church is one tradition within the Christian Church.",
    "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b74": ".",
    "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b75": ".",
    "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce4": "A Commission on Pan Methodist Cooperation and Union formed in 2000",
    "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce5": "In May 2012, The United Methodist Church",
    "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce6": "The United Methodist Church",
    "5730eb5b497a881900248a3f": "the UMC had about 11 million members in nearly 42,000 congregations.",
    "5730eb5b497a881900248a40": "the UMC had about 11 million members in nearly 42,000 congregations.",
    "5730eb5b497a881900248a41": "In 2005, there were about 8 million members in over 34,000 congregations.",
    "5730eb5b497a881900248a42": "In 2005, there were about 8 million members in over 34,000 congregations.",
    "5730eb5b497a881900248a43": "Texas has the largest number of members, with about 1 million.",
    "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae5": ".",
    "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae6": ".",
    "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae7": ".",
    "5730ec85e6313a140071caba": "which seeks to reconceive and promote Biblical holiness in today's Church.",
    "5730ec85e6313a140071cabb": ".",
    "5730ec85e6313a140071cabc": "On",
    "5733cf61d058e614000b62e9": "was the North American theater of the worldwide Seven Years' War.",
    "5733cf61d058e614000b62ea": "The war was fought between the colonies of British America and New France,",
    "5733cf61d058e614000b62eb": ".",
    "5733cf61d058e614000b62ec": ".",
    "5733cff84776f419006612b4": ".",
    "5733cff84776f419006612b5": "The",
    "5733cff84776f419006612b6": "patrol.",
    "5733d13e4776f419006612c4": "attack on the French.",
    "5733d13e4776f419006612c5": "None succeeded and the main effort by Braddock was a disaster;",
    "5733d13e4776f419006612c6": "Brit",
    "5733d13e4776f419006612c7": "In",
    "5733d13e4776f419006612c8": "French.",
    "5733d249d058e614000b6331": "William Pitt came to power and significantly increase",
    "5733d249d058e614000b6332": "eaty.",
    "5733d249d058e614000b6333": "France was unwilling to risk large convoys to aid the limited forces it had in New France.",
    "5733d249d058e614000b6334": "Tho",
    "5733d2dbd058e614000b6339": "France ceded its territory east of the Mississippi to Great Britain.",
    "5733d2dbd058e614000b633a": "It c",
    "5733d2dbd058e614000b633b": ".",
    "5733d3cb4776f419006612ea": "As there had already been a King George's War in the 1740s,",
    "5733d3cb4776f419006612eb": "it became known as the French and Indian War.",
    "5733d3cb4776f419006612ec": "that this was part of the Seven Years' War,",
    "5733d3cb4776f419006612ed": ".",
    "5733d4c8d058e614000b6353": "The entire international conflict is known as the Seven Years' War.",
    "5733d4c8d058e614000b6354": "The entire international conflict is known as the Seven Years' War.",
    "5733d4c8d058e614000b6355": "from the Battle of Jumonville Glen in 1754 to the capture of Montreal in 1760.",
    "5733d4c8d058e614000b6356": "in 1754 to the capture of Montreal in 1760.",
    "5733d5704776f4190066130e": "The French population numbered about",
    "5733d5704776f4190066130f": "The Fren",
    "5733d5704776f41900661310": "Fren",
    "5733d68ed058e614000b637f": ".",
    "5733d68ed058e614000b6380": ".",
    "5733d68ed058e614000b6381": "Many of the older colonies",
    "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ab": "In between the French and the British, large areas were dominated by native tribes.",
    "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ac": "To the north, the Mi'kmaq and the Abenaki",
    "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ad": ".",
    "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ae": "s.",
    "5733da01d058e614000b63f9": "Further south the Southeast interior was dominated by Siouan-speaking Catawba",
    "5733da01d058e614000b63fa": "When",
    "5733da01d058e614000b63fb": "The British were supported in the war by the Iroquois Six Nations,",
    "5733dab4d058e614000b6409": "no French regular army troops were stationed in North America, and few British troops.",
    "5733dab4d058e614000b640a": "At the start of the war, no French regular army troops were stationed in North America",
    "5733dab4d058e614000b640b": "some of whom had significant woodland combat experience).",
    "5733db8dd058e614000b6428": "leave.",
    "5733db8dd058e614000b6429": "\u00e9loron informed them of the French claims on the territory and told them to leave.",
    "5733db8dd058e614000b642a": "leave.",
    "5733dc95d058e614000b644a": "When C\u00e9loron's expedition arrived at Logstown,",
    "5733dc95d058e614000b644b": "\u00e9loron",
    "5733dc95d058e614000b644c": "\u00e9loron threatened \"Old Briton\"",
    "5733dc95d058e614000b644d": "\u00e9loron con",
    "5733dd4f4776f419006613aa": "English.",
    "5733dd4f4776f419006613ab": "de.",
    "5733dd4f4776f419006613ac": "William Shirley",
    "5733e5a14776f4190066145b": ".",
    "5733e5a14776f4190066145c": ".",
    "5733e5a14776f4190066145d": "In 1750 Christopher Gist,",
    "5733e5a14776f4190066145e": "By",
    "5733e5a14776f4190066145f": "River (the site of present-day Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania).",
    "5733e771d058e614000b6545": "The War of the Austrian Succession (whose North American theater is known as King George's War",
    "5733e771d058e614000b6546": ".",
    "5733e771d058e614000b6547": "the signing of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle.",
    "5733e771d058e614000b6548": "but it reached no decision.",
    "5733e8ae4776f419006614a6": "post.",
    "5733e8ae4776f419006614a7": "pedition.",
    "5733e8ae4776f419006614a8": "Langlade was given 300 men, including French-Canadians and warriors of the Ottawa.",
    "5733e8ae4776f419006614a9": "including Old Briton.",
    "5733ea04d058e614000b6594": ".",
    "5733ea04d058e614000b6595": ".",
    "5733ea04d058e614000b6596": "Mar",
    "5733ea04d058e614000b6597": "His orders were to protect the King's land in the Ohio Valley from the British.",
    "5733ea04d058e614000b6598": "he threatened the French with military action, which Marin contemptuously dismissed.",
    "5733eb34d058e614000b65cc": "William Johnson in upstate New York.",
    "5733eb34d058e614000b65cd": "William Johnson in upstate New York.",
    "5733eb34d058e614000b65ce": "Johnson was made a colonel of the Iroquois.",
    "5733eb34d058e614000b65cf": "Mohawk Chief Hendrick",
    "5733ef47d058e614000b662b": "Governor Robert Dinwiddie of Virginia was an investor in the Ohio Company",
    "5733ef47d058e614000b662c": "warn the French to leave Virginia territory. Washington le",
    "5733ef47d058e614000b662d": "Washington",
    "5733ef47d058e614000b662e": "On December 12, Washington and his men reached Fort Le Boeuf.",
    "5733f062d058e614000b6633": ".",
    "5733f062d058e614000b6634": ".",
    "5733f062d058e614000b6635": "Washington to dine with him.",
    "5733f062d058e614000b6636": "Salle had explored the Ohio Country nearly a century earlier.",
    "5733f1784776f41900661575": "Governor Duquesne sent additional French for",
    "5733f1784776f41900661576": "Even before Washington returned, Dinwiddie had sent a company of 40 men under William Trent",
    "5733f1784776f41900661577": "they began construction of a small stockaded fort.",
    "5733f309d058e614000b6648": "Lear",
    "5733f309d058e614000b6649": "After Washington had",
    "5733f309d058e614000b664a": "Since Tanaghrisson had promised support to the British",
    "5733f410d058e614000b6663": "They chose Major General Edward Braddock to lead the expedition.",
    "5733f410d058e614000b6664": "They chose Major General Edward Braddock to lead the expedition.",
    "5733f410d058e614000b6665": ".",
    "5733f410d058e614000b6666": "the French.",
    "5733f5264776f419006615a3": "the convening of the Albany Congress in June and July, 1754.",
    "5733f5264776f419006615a4": "The",
    "5733f5264776f419006615a5": "The goal of the congress was to formalize a unified front in trade and negotiations with var",
    "5733f5264776f419006615a6": "The goal of the congress was to formalize a unified front in trade and negotiations with",
    "5733f5f24776f419006615c1": "in June 1755 to take Fort Duquesne.",
    "5733f5f24776f419006615c2": "The expedition was a disaster.",
    "5733f5f24776f419006615c3": "retreat.",
    "5733f5f24776f419006615c4": "It was attacked by",
    "5733f7b9d058e614000b66a9": "The French",
    "5733f7b9d058e614000b66aa": "Shirley's inexperience in managing large expeditions.",
    "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ab": "when he planned to attack Fort Niagara.",
    "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ac": ".",
    "5733f8dc4776f419006615f7": "which was noticed by New France's governor, the Marquis de Vaudreuil.",
    "5733f8dc4776f419006615f8": "Vaudreuil sent Dieskau to Fort St. Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric to meet that threat.",
    "5733f8dc4776f419006615f9": "The two forces finally met in the bloody Battle of Lake George between Fort Edward and Fort William Henry.",
    "5733f8dc4776f419006615fa": "Johnson's advance stopped at Fort William Henry, and the French withdrew to Ticonderoga Point, wh",
    "5733f8dc4776f419006615fb": "the French withdrew to Ticonderoga Point",
    "5733f9fa4776f4190066161f": "captured Fort Beaus\u00e9jour in June 1755,",
    "5733f9fa4776f41900661620": "To cut vital supplies to Louisbourg,",
    "5733f9fa4776f41900661621": "in 1757.",
    "5733faaf4776f4190066162f": "Following the death of Braddock, William Shirley assumed command of British forces in North America",
    "5733faaf4776f41900661630": "he laid out his plans for 1756.",
    "5733faaf4776f41900661631": "Shirley's plan had little support.",
    "5733faaf4776f41900661632": "Shirley's plan had little support.",
    "5733fb7bd058e614000b66ff": "Lord Loudoun, with Major General James Abercrombie as his second in command.",
    "5733fb7bd058e614000b6700": "French regular army reinforcements arrived in New France in May 1756,",
    "5733fb7bd058e614000b6701": "During that time in Europe, on May 18, 1756, England formally declared war on France",
    "5733fc6ed058e614000b670f": "Scouts had reported the weakness of the British supply chain,",
    "5733fc6ed058e614000b6710": "Scouts had reported the weakness of the British supply chain,",
    "5733fc6ed058e614000b6711": "In the March Battle of Fort Bull, French forces",
    "5733fc6ed058e614000b6712": "Shirley had erected at the Oneida Carry.",
    "5733fd66d058e614000b6735": "refused to take any significant actions until Loudoun approved them.",
    "5733fd66d058e614000b6736": "Montcalm took bold action against his inertia.",
    "5733fd66d058e614000b6737": "Montcalm slipped away and led the successful attack on Oswego in August.",
    "5733fd66d058e614000b6738": ".",
    "5733fe73d058e614000b673d": "planned one major operation for 1757: an attack on New France's capital, Quebec.",
    "5733fe73d058e614000b673e": "Fort William Henry to distract Montcalm, he began organizing for the expedition to Quebec.",
    "5733fe73d058e614000b673f": ".",
    "5733fe73d058e614000b6740": "Loudoun at Louisbourg",
    "5733ffa7d058e614000b674f": "French irregular forces",
    "5733ffa7d058e614000b6750": "Wh",
    "5733ffa7d058e614000b6751": "Wh",
    "57340111d058e614000b677d": "The situation in New France was further exacerbated by a poor harvest in 1757,",
    "57340111d058e614000b677e": "years",
    "57340111d058e614000b677f": "Montcalm focused his meager resources on the defense of the St. Lawrence",
    "5734025d4776f419006616c3": "the Duke of Cumberland.",
    "5734025d4776f419006616c4": "after the failures of 1757.",
    "5734025d4776f419006616c5": "Pit",
    "5734025d4776f419006616c6": "Two of the expeditions were successful,",
    "573403394776f419006616dd": "the French called Carillon and the British called Ticonderoga.",
    "573403394776f419006616de": "Abercrombie's for",
    "573403394776f419006616df": "Aber",
    "573403394776f419006616e0": "Abercrombie was recalled and replaced by Jeffery Amherst, victor at Louisbourg.",
    "57340549d058e614000b67dd": "in 1758",
    "57340549d058e614000b67de": "France, eluding the British blockade of the French coast.",
    "57340549d058e614000b67df": "the French Navy failed in the 1759 naval battles at Lagos and Quiberon Bay.",
    "573406d1d058e614000b6801": "James Wolfe defeated Montcalm at Quebec (",
    "573406d1d058e614000b6802": ".",
    "573406d1d058e614000b6803": "when, despite losing outside Quebec City in the Battle of Sainte-Foy",
    "573406d1d058e614000b6804": ".",
    "573407d7d058e614000b6813": "Governor Vaudreuil negotiated from Montreal a capitulation with General Amherst.",
    "573407d7d058e614000b6814": "war.",
    "573407d7d058e614000b6815": "Governor Vaudreuil negotiated from Montreal a capitulation with General Amherst.",
    "573408ef4776f41900661757": ".",
    "573408ef4776f41900661758": "was settled by the Treaty of Hubertusburg on 15 February 1763.",
    "573408ef4776f41900661759": ".",
    "573408ef4776f4190066175a": "France",
    "57340a094776f4190066177d": "Some were sent to colonize pla",
    "57340a094776f4190066177e": ".",
    "57340a094776f4190066177f": ".",
    "57340a094776f41900661780": "which they had expected to remain French.",
    "57340b1bd058e614000b6869": "King George III issued the Royal Proclamation of 1763",
    "57340b1bd058e614000b686a": "Following the treaty",
    "57340b1bd058e614000b686b": "the reservation of lands west of the Appalachian Mountains",
    "57340d124776f419006617c3": "Although",
    "57340d124776f419006617c0": "The Ohio Country was particularly vulnerable to",
    "57340d124776f419006617c1": "Although",
    "57340d124776f419006617c2": ".",
    "57340d124776f419006617bf": ".",
    "573735e8c3c5551400e51e71": "Philosophers in antiquity used the concept of force",
    "573735e8c3c5551400e51e72": "A fundamental error was the belief that a force is required to maintain motion,",
    "573735e8c3c5551400e51e73": "With his mathematical insight,",
    "573735e8c3c5551400e51e74": "With his mathematical insight, Sir Isaac Newton formulated laws of motion that",
    "573735e8c3c5551400e51e75": "By the early 20th century, Einstein developed a theory of relativity that",
    "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7b": "between particles smaller than atoms.",
    "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7c": "are the fundamental means by which forces are emitted and absorbed.",
    "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7d": "Only four main interactions are known: in order of decreasing strength,",
    "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7e": "Only four main interactions are kn",
    "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7f": "are expressions of a more fundamental electroweak interaction.",
    "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e85": "Aristotle provided",
    "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e86": "the concept of a force as an integral part of Aristotelian cosmology.",
    "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e87": ".",
    "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e88": "Arist",
    "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e89": "which required continued application of a force.",
    "57373f80c3c5551400e51e8f": ".",
    "57373f80c3c5551400e51e90": "the 17th century work of Galileo Galilei",
    "57373f80c3c5551400e51e91": ".",
    "57373f80c3c5551400e51e92": "incline to disprove the Aristotelian theory of motion early in the 17th century.",
    "57373f80c3c5551400e51e93": ".",
    "5737432bc3c5551400e51e99": ".",
    "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9a": ".",
    "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9b": "Newton proposed that every object with mass has",
    "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9c": "directly connects inertia with the concept of relative velocities.",
    "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9d": ".",
    "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea3": "the laws of physics do not change from being at rest.",
    "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea4": "rest.",
    "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea5": ".",
    "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea6": "Inertia therefore applies equally well to constant velocity motion as it does to rest",
    "573749741c4567190057445d": "The concept of inertia can be further generalized to explain the tendency of objects",
    "573749741c4567190057445e": "the constancy of the length of a day and the length of a year.",
    "573749741c4567190057445f": "Albert",
    "573749741c45671900574460": "This is why, for example, astronauts experience weightlessness when in",
    "573749741c45671900574461": ".",
    "573750f51c45671900574467": "proportionality of acceleration to force and the inverse proportionality of acceleration to mass.",
    "573750f61c45671900574468": "Accelerations can be defined through kinematic measurements.",
    "573750f61c45671900574469": "General relativity offers an equivalence between space-time and mass,",
    "573750f61c4567190057446a": "it is unclear as to how or whether this connection is relevant on microscales.",
    "573750f61c4567190057446b": "Wi",
    "5737534ec3c5551400e51eab": "where forces can be attributed to the presence of different objects.",
    "5737534ec3c5551400e51eac": "and \u2212F are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.",
    "5737534ec3c5551400e51ead": "body.",
    "5737534ec3c5551400e51eae": "where forces can be attributed to the presence of different objects",
    "573755afc3c5551400e51eb3": "the center of mass of the system to accelerate.",
    "573755afc3c5551400e51eb4": ".",
    "573755afc3c5551400e51eb5": "magnitude of the external force divided by the mass of the system.",
    "573766251c45671900574471": "this can provide an intuitive understanding for describing forces.",
    "573766251c45671900574472": "the intuitive understanding of forces is quantified using precise operational definitions that",
    "573766251c45671900574473": "offered by Newtonian mechanics.",
    "573766251c45671900574474": ".",
    "57376828c3c5551400e51eb9": "forces are classified as \"vector quantities\".",
    "57376828c3c5551400e51eba": ".",
    "57376828c3c5551400e51ebb": "Associating forces with vectors avoids such problems.",
    "57376828c3c5551400e51ebc": "For example,",
    "57376828c3c5551400e51ebd": "it is impossible to determine what the acceleration of the rope will be.",
    "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec3": "Historically",
    "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec4": "they have magnitude and direction.",
    "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec5": "When two forces act on a point particle",
    "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec6": ".",
    "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec7": "have magnitude and direction.",
    "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecd": ".",
    "57376c50c3c5551400e51ece": ".",
    "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecf": "be resolved into independent components at right angles to each other.",
    "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed0": "uniquely determined by the scalar addition of the components of the individual vectors.",
    "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed1": ".",
    "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed7": "Pushing against an object on a frictional surface can result in a situation wh",
    "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed8": "generated between the object and the table surface.",
    "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed9": "the static friction force exactly balances the applied force resulting in no acceleration.",
    "57376df3c3c5551400e51eda": "determined by the characteristics of the contact between the surface and the object.",
    "57377083c3c5551400e51edf": "using simple devices such as weighing scales and spring balances.",
    "57377083c3c5551400e51ee0": "the",
    "57377083c3c5551400e51ee1": "which equals the object's weight.",
    "57377083c3c5551400e51ee2": "widely exploited for millennia to define standard weights);",
    "57377083c3c5551400e51ee3": "before Isaac Newton expounded his Three Laws of Motion.",
    "573776eec3c5551400e51ee9": "Dynamic equilibrium was first described by Galileo wh",
    "573776eec3c5551400e51eea": "force is required to keep the cannonball moving at the constant forward velocity.",
    "573776eec3c5551400e51eeb": ".",
    "573776eec3c5551400e51eec": "For example, if a mariner dropped a cannonball from",
    "573776eec3c5551400e51eed": "For example, if a mariner dropped a",
    "57377862c3c5551400e51ef3": ".",
    "57377862c3c5551400e51ef4": "the kinetic friction force exactly opposes the applied force.",
    "57377862c3c5551400e51ef5": "Aristotle misinterpreted this motion as being caused by the applied force.",
    "57377862c3c5551400e51ef6": "Aristotle misinterpreted this motion as being caused by the applied force.",
    "57377aac1c45671900574479": "the Schr\u00f6dinger equation instead of Newtonian equations.",
    "57377aac1c4567190057447a": "described by the Schr\u00f6dinger equation instead of Newtonian equations.",
    "57377aac1c4567190057447b": "are treated similar to classical position variables, i.e., .",
    "57377aac1c4567190057447c": "the Schr\u00f6dinger equation instead of Newtonian equations.",
    "57377aac1c4567190057447d": "the Schr\u00f6dinger equation instead of Newtonian equations.",
    "57377c98c3c5551400e51efb": "the correlation is strictly positive.",
    "57377c98c3c5551400e51efc": "there is the Pauli principle relating the space and the spin variables.",
    "57377c98c3c5551400e51efd": "Dep",
    "57377c98c3c5551400e51efe": "the correlation is strictly positive.",
    "57377c98c3c5551400e51eff": "I",
    "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f05": ".",
    "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f06": "it was realized that force",
    "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f07": "With the development of quantum field theory and",
    "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f08": "Th",
    "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f09": "In",
    "5737804dc3c5551400e51f0f": "All of the forces in the universe are based on four fundamental interactions.",
    "5737804dc3c5551400e51f10": "The strong and weak forces are nuclear forces that act only at very short distances,",
    "5737804dc3c5551400e51f11": "The electromagnetic force acts between electric charges,",
    "5737804dc3c5551400e51f12": "the gravitational force acts between masses.",
    "5737804dc3c5551400e51f13": "atoms to pass through each other.",
    "5737821cc3c5551400e51f19": ".",
    "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1a": "incomplete.",
    "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1b": "a theory of everything.",
    "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1c": "Einstein tr",
    "573784fa1c45671900574483": "Isaac Newton.",
    "573784fa1c45671900574484": "the center of the Earth.",
    "573784fa1c45671900574485": "Befor",
    "573784fa1c45671900574486": "this measurement is taken from sea level and may vary depending on location),",
    "573784fa1c45671900574487": "This observation means that the force of gravity on an object at the Earth's surface is",
    "573786b51c4567190057448d": "Newton came to realize",
    "573786b51c4567190057448e": ".",
    "573786b51c4567190057448f": "the acceleration due to gravity is proportional to the mass of the attracting body.",
    "573786b51c45671900574490": "acceleration:",
    "57378862c3c5551400e51f21": "a dimensional constant  is used to describe the relative strength of gravity.",
    "57378862c3c5551400e51f22": "This constant has come to be known as Newton's Universal Gravitation Constant,",
    "57378862c3c5551400e51f23": "This constant has come to be known as Newton's Universal Gravitation Constant,",
    "57378862c3c5551400e51f24": "New",
    "5737898f1c45671900574495": "It was on",
    "5737898f1c45671900574496": "Some astrophysicists predicted the existence of another planet (Vulcan)",
    "5737898f1c45671900574497": "cy.",
    "5737898f1c45671900574498": ".",
    "5737898f1c45671900574499": ".",
    "57378b141c4567190057449f": ".",
    "57378b141c456719005744a0": "Thus, the straight line path in space-time is seen as a curved line in space,",
    "57378b141c456719005744a1": "The time derivative of the changing momentum of the object is what we label as \"gravitational",
    "57378b141c456719005744a2": ".",
    "57378c9b1c456719005744a8": "Th",
    "57378c9b1c456719005744a9": ".",
    "57378c9b1c456719005744a7": "Lorentz's Law describes the force on a charge moving in a magnetic field.",
    "57378c9b1c456719005744aa": "This force can be writ",
    "57378e311c456719005744af": "wh",
    "57378e311c456719005744b0": "wh",
    "57378e311c456719005744b1": "James Clerk Maxwell un",
    "57378e311c456719005744b2": "wh",
    "57378e311c456719005744b3": "This led Maxwell to discover that electric and magnetic fields co",
    "573792ee1c456719005744b9": "the nonexistence of the ultraviolet catastrophe, proved troublesome.",
    "573792ee1c456719005744ba": "Th",
    "573792ee1c456719005744bb": "This final",
    "573792ee1c456719005744bc": "mediated by wave\u2013particles known as photons.",
    "573792ee1c456719005744bd": ".",
    "5737958ac3c5551400e51f29": ".",
    "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2a": "matter to the repulsion of like charges under the influence of the electromagnetic force.",
    "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2b": "When the electrons in a material are densely packed together,",
    "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2c": "However, these characteristics actually result from the Pauli exclusion principle.",
    "5737958b1c456719005744c3": ".",
    "5737958b1c456719005744c4": "matter to the repulsion of like charges under the influence of the electromagnetic force.",
    "5737958b1c456719005744c5": "When the electrons in a material are densely packed together,",
    "5737958b1c456719005744c6": "However, these characteristics actually result from the Pauli exclusion principle.",
    "573796edc3c5551400e51f33": "The strong force only acts directly upon elementary particles.",
    "573796edc3c5551400e51f34": ".",
    "573796edc3c5551400e51f35": "the force that acts between nucleons in atomic nuclei) as the nuclear force.",
    "573796edc3c5551400e51f36": "which classically transmit the nuclear force (see this topic for more).",
    "573796edc3c5551400e51f37": "shown that the elementary particles affected are not directly observable.",
    "57379829c3c5551400e51f3d": "The weak force is due to the exchange of the heavy W and Z bosons.",
    "57379829c3c5551400e51f3e": "The weak force is due to the exchange of the heavy W and Z bosons.",
    "57379829c3c5551400e51f3f": "Its most familiar effect is beta decay (of neutrons in atomic nuclei)",
    "57379829c3c5551400e51f40": "the field strength is some 1013 times less than that of the strong force.",
    "57379829c3c5551400e51f41": "The weak force is due to the exchange of the heavy W and Z bosons.",
    "57379a4b1c456719005744cd": "The normal force is due to repulsive forces of interaction between atoms at close contact",
    "57379a4b1c456719005744ce": "When their electron clouds overlap,",
    "57379a4b1c456719005744cf": "When their electron clouds overlap",
    "57379a4b1c456719005744d0": "The normal",
    "57379ed81c456719005744d5": ".",
    "57379ed81c456719005744d6": "They can be combined with ideal pulleys, which allow ideal strings to switch physical direction.",
    "57379ed81c456719005744d7": ".",
    "57379ed81c456719005744d8": "the work done on the load is the same no matter how complicated the machine.",
    "57379ed81c456719005744d9": "the tension force on a load can be multiplied.",
    "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f47": "the theories of continuum mechanics describe the way forces affect the material.",
    "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f48": "the theories of continuum mechanics describe the way forces affect the material.",
    "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f49": "being directed along the pressure gradients as follows:",
    "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4a": "forces that act on one part of an object might affect other parts of an object.",
    "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4b": "s.",
    "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f51": "-11",
    "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f52": "where  is the relevant cross-sectional area for the volume for",
    "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f53": "This formalism includes pressure terms",
    "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f54": "ed.",
    "5737a4511c456719005744df": "Torque is the rotation equivalent of force in the same way that angle is",
    "5737a4511c456719005744e0": "As a consequen",
    "5737a4511c456719005744e1": "body:",
    "5737a5931c456719005744e7": "direction.",
    "5737a5931c456719005744e8": "but only the direction of the velocity vector.",
    "5737a5931c456719005744e9": "its direction.",
    "5737a5931c456719005744ea": "This means that the unbalanced centripetal force",
    "5737a5931c456719005744eb": "Th",
    "5737a7351c456719005744f1": ".",
    "5737a7351c456719005744f2": "only between kinetic or potential forms.",
    "5737a7351c456719005744f3": "A conservative force",
    "5737a7351c456719005744f4": "The force",
    "5737a7351c456719005744f5": "area.",
    "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f59": "it is impossible to model forces as being due to gradient of potentials.",
    "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5a": "it is impossible to model forces as being due to gradient of potentials.",
    "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5b": ".",
    "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5c": "Nonconservative forces other than friction include other contact forces",
    "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f61": ".",
    "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f62": ".",
    "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f63": "the transfer of heat.",
    "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f64": "the internal energies of the system, and are often associated with the transfer of heat.",
    "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f65": "In macroscopic closed systems",
    "5737aafd1c456719005744fb": ".",
    "5737aafd1c456719005744fc": "is the force exerted by standard gravity on one kilogram of mass.",
    "5737aafd1c456719005744fd": ".",
    "5737aafd1c456719005744fe": "f.",
    "5737aafd1c456719005744ff": "The pound-force"
}