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---
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license: apache-2.0
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---
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---
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license: apache-2.0
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datasets:
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- grammarly/pseudonymization-data
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language:
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- en
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metrics:
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- f1
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- bleu
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pipeline_tag: text2text-generation
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---
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# Model Card for Model ID
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<!-- Provide a quick summary of what the model is/does. -->
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This repository contains files for two Seq2Seq transformers-based models used in our paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.05561.
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## Model Details
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### Model Description
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<!-- Provide a longer summary of what this model is. -->
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- **Developed by:** Oleksandr Yermilov, Vipul Raheja, Artem Chernodub
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- **Model type:** Seq2Seq
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- **Language (NLP):** English
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- **License:** Apache license 2.0
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- **Finetuned from model:** BART
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### Model Sources
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- **Paper:** https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.05561
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## Uses
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These models can be used for anonymizing datasets in English language.
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## Bias, Risks, and Limitations
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Please check the Limitations section in our paper.
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## Training Details
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### Training Data
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https://huggingface.co/datasets/grammarly/pseudonymization-data/tree/main/seq2seq
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### Training Procedure
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1. Gather text data from Wikipedia.
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2. Preprocess it using NER-based pseudonymization.
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3. Fine-tune BART model on translation task for translating text from "original" to "pseudonymized".
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#### Training Hyperparameters
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We train the models for 3 epochs using `AdamW` optimization with the learning rate α =2*10<sup>5</sup>, and the batch size is 8.
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## Evaluation
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### Factors & Metrics
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#### Factors
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<!-- These are the things the evaluation is disaggregating by, e.g., subpopulations or domains. -->
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There is no source truth of named entities for the data, on which this model was trained. We check whether the word is a named entity, using one of the NER systems (spaCy or FLAIR).
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#### Metrics
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We measure the amount of text, changed by our model. Specifically, we check for the following categories of translated text word by word:
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1. True positive (TP) - Named entity, which was changed to another named entity.
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2. True negative (TN) - Not a named entity, which was not changed.
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3. False positive (FP) - Not a named entity, which was changed to another word.
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4. False negative (FN) - Named entity, which was not changed to another named entity.
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We calculate F<sub>1</sub> score based on the abovementioned values.
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## Citation
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<!-- If there is a paper or blog post introducing the model, the APA and Bibtex information for that should go in this section. -->
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**BibTeX:**
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```
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@misc{yermilov2023privacy,
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title={Privacy- and Utility-Preserving NLP with Anonymized Data: A case study of Pseudonymization},
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author={Oleksandr Yermilov and Vipul Raheja and Artem Chernodub},
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year={2023},
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eprint={2306.05561},
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archivePrefix={arXiv},
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primaryClass={cs.CL}
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}
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```
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## Model Card Contact
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Oleksandr Yermilov ([email protected]).
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