METHODS	The patients were assigned to 4 groups : ( 1 ) sedation with intravenous midazolam and placebo throat spray ( midazolam group ) , ( 2 ) placebo sedation and pharyngeal anaesthesia with lidocaine ( lidocaine group ) , ( 3 ) placebo sedation and placebo throat spray ( placebo group ) , and ( 4 ) no intravenous cannula nor throat spray ( control group ) .\