question: how many percent of the average pace of u.s. gross domestic product (gdp) over the 7-year period 2008-15?
table.cells: expenditures and gross domestic product longer-term trends most recent years
table.cells: 1988-98 1998-2008 2008-15 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
table.cells: current $
table.cells: total r&d, all performers 5.4 6 2.9 -0.5 0.9 4.8 1.8 4.7 4.7 4.1 3
table.cells: business 5.8 5.7 2.9 -2.9 -1.2 5.4 2.8 6.7 5.6 4.4 2.2
table.cells: federal government 1.8 5.9 2.5 4.2 6.8 5.4 -2.6 -2 3.1 3.1 5.8
table.cells: federal intramurala 1.9 5.6 2.6 2.4 4.6 9.3 -2.7 -1.8 4.1 2.6 6.5
table.cells: ffrdcs 1.6 6.4 2.4 7.6 10.7 -1.4 -2.4 -2.5 1.3 4.2 4.4
table.cells: nonfederal governmentb na na 3.1 na 14.1 0.4 -4.2 -6.8 -5.9 4.6 6.8
table.cells: higher education 6 7.4 3.1 5.5 5.8 3.5 1.3 1.1 1.3 3.7 4.4
table.cells: other nonprofit organizationsc 8.5 8.2 3.1 9.8 3.3 -1.5 -0.6 3 4.9 3.5 4.3
table.cells: gross domestic product 5.6 4.9 3 -2 3.8 3.7 4.1 3.3 4.4 4 2.8
table.cells: constant 2009 $
table.cells: total r&d, all performers 2.9 3.6 1.4 -1.2 -0.3 2.7 -0.1 3 2.9 3 1.7
table.cells: business 3.3 3.3 1.4 -3.6 -2.4 3.3 0.9 5 3.8 3.3 0.9
table.cells: federal government -0.6 3.4 1 3.4 5.5 3.2 -4.3 -3.6 1.3 2 4.4
table.cells: federal intramurala -0.5 3.2 1.1 1.6 3.4 7.1 -4.4 -3.4 2.3 1.5 5.2
table.cells: ffrdcs -0.8 4 0.9 6.8 9.3 -3.3 -4.2 -4 -0.5 3 3
table.cells: nonfederal governmentb na na 1.6 na 12.7 -1.6 -5.9 -8.3 -7.5 3.5 5.4
table.cells: higher education 3.5 4.9 1.6 4.7 4.5 1.4 -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 2.6 3.1
table.cells: other nonprofit organizationsc 5.9 5.7 1.6 8.9 2.1 -3.5 -2.4 1.3 3 2.4 3
table.cells: gross domestic product 3.4 2.2 1.5 -2.8 2.5 1.6 2.2 1.7 2.6 2.9 1.5