the head of the bioterrorism lab involved in potentially exposing dozens of workers at the centers for disease control and prevention to deadly anthrax bacteria has resigned . michael farrell , who headed the bioterrorism rapid response and advanced technology -lrb- brrat -rrb- laboratory , submitted his resignation tuesday , cdc spokesman tom skinner told cnn . he had been reassigned from his post last month , after the anthrax incident was made public . the idea that your tongue is separated into ` zones ' for different tastes has been widely debunked - although the exact process taking place is still poorly understood . but now , for the first time , scientists have created a live imaging map of the tongue 's taste buds to determine what happens each time we place food in our mouths . it reveals how taste buds have different cells that are used to differentiate between between the five basic groups of flavours . a harvard-led study has mapped taste buds on a tongue for the first time . scientists examined the different cells used to identify taste and watched these cells capture and process molecules live . shown is a taste bud with receptor cells -lrb- green -rrb- , blood cells -lrb- red -rrb- and collagen surrounding the bud -lrb- blue -rrb- . the research was conducted by an international team that included the australian national university -lrb- anu -rrb- and the harvard medical school . they used a specially designed microscope system to image single cells on the tongue of a mouse . leicester boss richard cockerill believes that this season 's aviva premiership play-off race will run until the final day of regular league season action . the tigers tackle saracens at allianz park on saturday , separated by just two points and two places with only four games left . the cdc says the potential anthrax exposure happened between june 6 and june 13 . the brrat lab had been preparing anthrax samples for use in two other labs on the cdc 's atlanta campus and failed to adequately deactivate the samples . according to a cdc investigation report , the exposure happened because the lab did n't use an approved sterilization technique . it did n't have a written plan reviewed by senior staff to make sure all safety protocols were followed , and there was a limited knowledge of peer-reviewed literature about the process that would make it less dangerous . the lab also did not have a standard operating procedure that would make sure the transfer of the material would be safe . bottom line , `` the scientists failed to follow a scientifically derived and reviewed protocol that would have assured the anthrax was deactivated , '' cdc director tom frieden said . it `` should have happened , and it did n't . '' cdc director grilled over safety issues . usda finds more cdc lab problems . while northampton are clear at the top , it is a different story for the three remaining play-off positions , with saracens , bath , leicester and exeter all bunched up behind saints , and mid-table wasps and sale sharks also can not be discounted . leicester tigers rugby director richard cockerill believes the premiership title race will go to the wire . the 22-game premiership campaign concludes on may 16 , with play-offs a week later , and the stakes are high . ` we 've got some tough games coming up , but we are up there in the mix , ' said tigers rugby director cockerill , whose team 's run-in features appointments with saracens , london welsh , wasps and northampton . ` the top four was our target at the start of the season , and that is still our target now , but we have to keep going . ` with being out of europe , we brought our internationals straight back into the squad against exeter -lrb- two weeks ago -rrb- because we knew they could have some down-time after that . leicester tigers ' jamie gibson -lrb- left -rrb- in action against bath during the aviva premiership clash in january . ` all of the top five or six clubs have some tricky games in the run-in . we all play each other at some point , too , and it will go to the last weekend for everybody . ` this is a really big game for both teams on saturday , with just four rounds of fixtures left in the season . ` it is a tough place to go , and saracens are a consistently good team who come into this weekend on the back of a european champions cup quarter-final win . shining a bright infrared laser on the mouse 's tongue caused different parts of it and ` flavour molecules ' to fluoresce . penguins lost three of the five basic vertebrate tastes - sweet , bitter and the savoury , meaty taste known as umami - more than 20 million years ago and never regained them , researchers have found . researchers say the genes were lost after cold antarctic temperatures interfered with taste perception . university of michigan researchers said they were surprised by the discovery . because penguins are fish eaters , the loss of the umami taste is especially perplexing , said study leader dr jianzhi ` george ' zhang , a professor in the u-m department of ecology and evolutionary biology . ` but we 've come into some form , and we want to maintain that through to the end of the season and see where that takes us . ' dr zhang suspects the sensory changes are tied to ancient climate-cooling events in antarctica , where penguins originated . using a method called intravital multiphoton microscopy , the scientists were then able to pick out individual taste cells within each bud . they were also able to spot blood vessels up to 240 microns - 240 millionths of a metre -lrb- 0.0024 mm -rrb- - below the surface of the tongue . ` we 've watched live taste cells capture and process molecules with different tastes , ' said biomedical engineer dr steve lee , from anu . there are more than 2,000 taste buds on the human tongue , which can distinguish at least five tastes : salty , sweet , sour , bitter and umami - a word used to describe smooth and typically savoury , meaty sensations . however , the relationship between the many taste cells within a taste bud , and our perception of taste , has been a long-standing mystery , said professor seok-hyun yun from harvard medical school . ` with this new imaging tool we have shown that each taste bud contains taste cells for different tastes , ' said professor yun . the breakthrough complements recent studies by other research groups that identified the areas in the brain associated with taste . interestingly , the results showed that taste cells respond not only to molecules contacting the surface of the tongue , but also to molecules in the blood circulation . the researchers used a specially designed microscope system to image single cells on the tongue of a mouse . shining a bright infrared laser on the mouse 's tongue caused different parts of it to fluoresce . the tongue is shown here , with taste buds in blue , among yellow papillae , or small bumps in the tongue 's tissue . using a method called intravital multiphoton microscopy , the scientists were able to pick out individual taste cells within each taste bud . dr steve lee from the australian national university -lrb- anu -rrb- is seen here working on a laser microscope system at the anu research school of engineering . according to assistant professor myunghwan -lrb- mark -rrb- choi from the sungkyunkwan university in south korea , this suggests tasting might ` involve an interaction between the food taken orally and blood composition . ' the team now hopes to develop an experiment to monitor the brain while imaging the tongue to track the full process of taste sensation . however to fully understand the complex interactions that form our basic sense of taste could take years , dr lee added . ` until we can simultaneously capture both the neurological and physiological events , we ca n't fully unravel the logic behind taste , ' he said . the findings were published in the journal nature .
michael farrell led the bioterrorism rapid response and advanced technology lab . farrell submitted his resignation tuesday . the potential anthrax exposure happened between june 6 and june 13 .
the head of the bioterrorism lab involved in potentially exposing dozens of workers at the centers for disease control and prevention to deadly anthrax bacteria has resigned . michael farrell , who headed the bioterrorism rapid response and advanced technology -lrb- brrat -rrb- laboratory , submitted his resignation tuesday , cdc spokesman tom skinner told cnn . he had been reassigned from his post last month , after the anthrax incident was made public . the idea that your tongue is separated into ` zones ' for different tastes has been widely debunked - although the exact process taking place is still poorly understood . but now , for the first time , scientists have created a live imaging map of the tongue 's taste buds to determine what happens each time we place food in our mouths . it reveals how taste buds have different cells that are used to differentiate between between the five basic groups of flavours . a harvard-led study has mapped taste buds on a tongue for the first time . scientists examined the different cells used to identify taste and watched these cells capture and process molecules live . shown is a taste bud with receptor cells -lrb- green -rrb- , blood cells -lrb- red -rrb- and collagen surrounding the bud -lrb- blue -rrb- . the research was conducted by an international team that included the australian national university -lrb- anu -rrb- and the harvard medical school . they used a specially designed microscope system to image single cells on the tongue of a mouse . leicester boss richard cockerill believes that this season 's aviva premiership play-off race will run until the final day of regular league season action . the tigers tackle saracens at allianz park on saturday , separated by just two points and two places with only four games left . the cdc says the potential anthrax exposure happened between june 6 and june 13 . the brrat lab had been preparing anthrax samples for use in two other labs on the cdc 's atlanta campus and failed to adequately deactivate the samples . according to a cdc investigation report , the exposure happened because the lab did n't use an approved sterilization technique . it did n't have a written plan reviewed by senior staff to make sure all safety protocols were followed , and there was a limited knowledge of peer-reviewed literature about the process that would make it less dangerous . the lab also did not have a standard operating procedure that would make sure the transfer of the material would be safe . bottom line , `` the scientists failed to follow a scientifically derived and reviewed protocol that would have assured the anthrax was deactivated , '' cdc director tom frieden said . it `` should have happened , and it did n't . '' cdc director grilled over safety issues . usda finds more cdc lab problems . while northampton are clear at the top , it is a different story for the three remaining play-off tongue . ` we 've watched live taste cells capture and process molecules with different tastes , ' said biomedical engineer dr steve lee , from anu . there are more than 2,000 taste buds on the human tongue , which can distinguish at least five tastes : salty , sweet , sour , bitter and umami - a word used to describe smooth and typically savoury , meaty sensations . however , the relationship between the many taste cells within a taste bud , and our perception of taste , has been a long-standing mystery , said professor seok-hyun yun from harvard medical school . ` with this new imaging tool we have shown that each taste bud contains taste cells for different tastes , ' said professor yun . the breakthrough complements recent studies by other research groups that identified the areas in the brain associated with taste . interestingly , the results showed that taste cells respond not only to molecules contacting the surface of the tongue , but also to molecules in the blood circulation . the researchers used a specially designed microscope system to image single cells on the tongue of a mouse . shining a bright infrared laser on the mouse 's tongue caused different parts of it to fluoresce . the tongue is shown here , with taste buds in blue , among yellow papillae , or small bumps in the tongue 's tissue . using a method called intravital multiphoton microscopy , the scientists were able to pick out individual taste cells within each taste bud . dr steve lee from the australian national university -lrb- anu -rrb- is seen here working on a laser microscope system at the anu research school of engineering . according to assistant professor myunghwan -lrb- mark -rrb- choi from the sungkyunkwan university in south korea , this suggests tasting might ` involve an interaction between the food taken orally and blood composition . ' the team now hopes to develop an experiment to monitor the brain while imaging the tongue to track the full process of taste sensation . however to fully understand the complex interactions that form our basic sense of taste could take years , dr lee added . ` until we can simultaneously capture both the neurological and physiological events , we ca n't fully unravel the logic behind taste , ' he said . the findings were published in the journal nature .
the head of the bioterrorism lab involved in potentially exposing dozens of workers at the centers for disease control and prevention to deadly anthrax bacteria has resigned . michael farrell , who headed the bioterrorism rapid response and advanced technology -lrb- brrat -rrb- laboratory , submitted his resignation tuesday , cdc spokesman tom skinner told cnn . he had been reassigned from his post last month , after the anthrax incident was made public . the idea that your tongue is separated into ` zones ' for different tastes has been widely debunked - although the exact process taking place is still poorly understood . but now , for the first time , scientists have created a live imaging map of the tongue 's taste buds to determine the tongue of a mouse . leicester boss richard cockerill believes that this season 's aviva premiership play-off race will run until the final day of regular league season action . the tigers tackle saracens at allianz park on saturday , separated by just two points and two places with only four games left . the cdc says the potential anthrax exposure happened between june 6 and june 13 . the brrat lab had been preparing anthrax samples for use in two other labs on the cdc 's atlanta campus and failed to adequately deactivate the samples . according to a cdc investigation report , the exposure happened because the lab did n't use an approved sterilization technique . it did n't have a written plan reviewed by senior staff to make sure all safety protocols were followed , and there was a limited knowledge of peer-reviewed literature about the process that would make it less dangerous . the lab also did not have a standard operating procedure that would make sure the transfer of the material would be safe . bottom line , `` the scientists failed to follow a scientifically derived and reviewed protocol that would have assured the anthrax was deactivated , '' cdc director tom frieden said . it `` should have happened , and it did n't . '' cdc director grilled over safety issues . usda finds more cdc lab problems . while northampton are clear at the top , it is a different story for the three remaining play-off now , but we have to keep going . ` with being out of europe , we brought our internationals straight back into the squad against exeter -lrb- two weeks ago -rrb- because we knew they could have some down-time after that . leicester tigers ' jamie gibson -lrb- left -rrb- in action against bath during the aviva premiership clash in january . ` all of the top five or six clubs have some tricky games in the run-in . we all play each other at some point , too , and it will go to the last weekend for everybody . ` this is a really big game for both teams on saturday , with just four rounds of fixtures left in the season . ` it is a tough place to go , and saracens are a consistently good team who come into this weekend on the back of a european champions cup quarter-final win . shining a bright infrared laser on the mouse 's tongue caused different parts of it and ` flavour molecules ' to fluoresce . penguins lost three of the five basic vertebrate tastes - sweet , bitter and the savoury , meaty taste known as umami - more than 20 million years ago and never regained them , researchers have found . researchers say the genes were lost after cold antarctic temperatures interfered with taste perception . university of michigan researchers said they were surprised by the discovery . because penguins are fish eaters , the loss of the tongue . ` we 've watched live taste cells capture and process molecules with different tastes , ' said biomedical engineer dr steve lee , from anu . there are more than 2,000 taste buds on the human tongue , which can distinguish at least five tastes : salty , sweet , sour , bitter and umami - a word used to describe smooth and typically savoury , meaty sensations . however , the relationship between the many taste cells within a taste bud , and our perception of taste , has been a long-standing mystery , said professor seok-hyun yun from harvard medical school . ` with this new imaging tool we have shown that each taste bud contains taste cells for different tastes , ' said out individual taste cells within each taste bud . dr steve lee from the australian national university -lrb- anu -rrb- is seen here working on a laser microscope system at the anu research school of engineering . according to assistant professor myunghwan -lrb- mark -rrb- choi from the sungkyunkwan university in south korea , this suggests tasting might ` involve an interaction between the food taken orally and blood composition . ' the team now hopes to develop an experiment to monitor the brain while imaging the tongue to track the full process of taste sensation . however to fully understand the complex interactions that form our basic sense of taste could take years , dr lee added . ` until we can simultaneously capture both the neurological and physiological events , we ca n't fully unravel the logic behind taste , ' he said . the findings were published in the journal nature .
the head the bioterrorism lab involved potentially exposing dozens workers the centers for disease control has. michael farrell, who headed the bioterrorism rapid response and advanced technology -lrb- brrat -rrb- laboratory, submitted tuesday cdc spokesman tom skinner cnn he had reassigned last, the anthrax incident was made the idea your tongue separated into ` zones for different tastes has widely debunked - although the exact process taking poorly. but now, for scientists created a live imaging map the tongue 's taste buds to each we place it reveals taste buds have different cells used differentiate between the five basic groups flavours. a harvard-led study has mapped taste buds on a tongue for. scientists examined the different cells used identify taste watched these cells capture process molecules live. shown is a taste bud with receptor cells -lrb- green -rrb-, blood cells collagen surrounding the research that the australian national university -lrb- anu -rrb- the harvard medical school. they used a specially designed microscope system image single cells on the tongue. leicester boss richard cockerill believes this season 's aviva premiership play-off race run regular league season action. the tigers tackle saracens at allianz park on saturday, separated just two points two places with only four games. the cdc says the potential anthrax exposure happened between june 6. the brrat lab had preparing anthrax samples use two other labs on the cdc 's atlanta campus failed adequately deactivate. according a cdc investigation report, the exposure happened because the lab did n't use an approved sterilization technique it did n't have a written plan reviewed senior staff to all safety protocols, there a limited knowledge peer-reviewed literature the process that make less dangerous the lab also did make sure the transfer. bottom line, `` the scientists failed follow a scientifically derived and reviewed protocol assured the anthrax was deactivated, '' cdc director tom frieden. it `` should happened, and n't. '' cdc director grilled over safety issues. usda finds more cdc lab problems. while northampton clear at, it the three remaining play-off positions, saracens, bath, leicester exeter bunched behind saints mid-table wasps sale sharks also can not discounted leicester tigers rugby director richard cockerill believes the premiership title race go the wire. the 22-game premiership campaign concludes may 16, a the stakes ` we 've some tough games, up the mix, said tigers rugby director cockerill, whose team 's run-in features appointments saracens london welsh wasps northampton. ` the top four was our target at, that still. ` with being out europe, we brought our internationals straight the squad against exeter -lrb- two -rrb- because knew have some down-time after. leicester tigers ' jamie gibson -lrb- left -rrb- in action against bath during the aviva premiership clash in january. ` all the top five or six clubs have some tricky games. we all play each at, too, will go to the last weekend for everybody. ` this a really big game both teams on saturday, with just four rounds fixtures left. ` it a tough place, and saracens a consistently good team who come this weekend on a european champions cup quarter-final win. shining a bright infrared laser the mouse 's tongue caused different parts it and ` flavour molecules '. penguins lost three the five basic vertebrate tastes - sweet, the, meaty taste known more 20 and never, researchers say the genes lost cold antarctic temperatures interfered taste perception. university researchers said. because penguins fish eaters, the loss the umami taste especially perplexing said study leader dr jianzhi ` george ' zhang the u-m department ecology. ` but we ' come into some form, want maintain through to and see ' dr zhang suspects the sensory changes tied ancient climate-cooling events in antarctica, where penguins originated. using a method intravital multiphoton microscopy, the scientists were then pick individual taste cells within each bud. they also able spot blood vessels up to 240 microns - 240 millionths -lrb- 0.0024 mm -rrb- - below the tongue. ` we 've watched live taste cells capture molecules with different tastes, said biomedical engineer dr steve lee from anu. there, which distinguish at least five tastes : salty - a word smooth typically, meaty sensations however, the relationship the many taste cells a taste bud, and our perception said professor seok-hyun yun harvard medical school ` with this new imaging tool we shown each taste bud taste cells for, ' said professor yun. the breakthrough complements recent studies other research groups identified the areas taste. interestingly, the results taste cells respond not molecules contacting, the researchers used a specially designed microscope system image single cells the tongue. shining a bright infrared laser the mouse 's tongue caused different parts it. the tongue shown here, with taste buds blue, among yellow papillae or small bumps the tongue 's tissue using a method intravital multiphoton microscopy, the scientists were pick individual taste cells within each taste bud. dr steve lee from the australian national university -lrb- anu -rrb- is seen working a laser microscope system the anu research school of engineering. according assistant professor myunghwan -lrb- mark -rrb- choi from the sungkyunkwan university, this suggests tasting might ` involve an interaction taken orally blood composition. ' the team now hopes develop an experiment monitor while imaging the tongue track the full process taste sensation. however to fully the complex interactions form our basic sense could take years, dr lee added ` until we simultaneously capture both the neurological and physiological events, we ca n't fully unravel the logic taste ' he the findings were the journal nature.
the head of the bioterrorism lab involved in potentially exposing dozens of workers at the centers for disease control and prevention to deadly anthrax bacteria has resigned . michael farrell , who headed the bioterrorism rapid response and advanced technology -lrb- brrat -rrb- laboratory , submitted his resignation tuesday , cdc spokesman tom skinner told cnn . he had been reassigned from his post last month , after the anthrax incident was made public . the idea that your tongue is separated into ` zones ' for different tastes has been widely debunked - although the exact process taking place is still poorly understood . but now , for the first time , scientists have created a live imaging map of the tongue 's taste buds to determine what happens each time we place food in our mouths . it reveals how taste buds have different cells that are used to differentiate between between the five basic groups of flavours . a harvard-led study has mapped taste buds on a tongue for the first time . scientists examined the different cells used to identify taste and watched these cells capture and process molecules live . shown is a taste bud with receptor cells -lrb- green -rrb- , blood cells -lrb- red -rrb- and collagen surrounding the bud -lrb- blue -rrb- . the research was conducted by an international team that included the australian national university -lrb- anu -rrb- and the harvard medical school . they used a specially designed microscope system to image single cells on the tongue of a mouse . leicester boss richard cockerill believes that this season 's aviva premiership play-off race will run until the final day of regular league season action . the tigers tackle saracens at allianz park on saturday , separated by just two points and two places with only four games left . the cdc says the potential anthrax exposure happened between june 6 and june 13 . the brrat lab had been preparing anthrax samples for use in two other labs on the cdc 's atlanta campus and failed to adequately deactivate the samples . according to a cdc investigation report , the exposure happened because the lab did n't use an approved sterilization technique . it did n't have a written plan reviewed by senior staff to make sure all safety protocols were followed , and there was a limited knowledge of peer-reviewed literature about the process that would make it less dangerous . the lab also did not have a standard operating procedure that would make sure the transfer of the material would be safe . bottom line , `` the scientists failed to follow a scientifically derived and reviewed protocol that would have assured the anthrax was deactivated , '' cdc director tom frieden said . it `` should have happened , and it did n't . '' cdc director grilled over safety issues . usda finds more cdc lab problems . while northampton are clear at the top , it is a different story for the three remaining play-off out individual taste cells within each taste bud . dr steve lee from the australian national university -lrb- anu -rrb- is seen here working on a laser microscope system at the anu research school of engineering . according to assistant professor myunghwan -lrb- mark -rrb- choi from the sungkyunkwan university in south korea , this suggests tasting might ` involve an interaction between the food taken orally and blood composition . ' the team now hopes to develop an experiment to monitor the brain while imaging the tongue to track the full process of taste sensation . however to fully understand the complex interactions that form our basic sense of taste could take years , dr lee added . ` until we can simultaneously capture both the neurological and physiological events , we ca n't fully unravel the logic behind taste , ' he said . the findings were published in the journal nature .
 The text discusses the resignation of Michael Farrrell, who headed the bioterrorism lab at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). He resigned after it was discovered that dozens of workers were potentially exposed to deadly anthrax bacteria. The incident occurred when a sample of anthrax was mistakenly sent to a lower-security lab, where workers did not have proper protective gear. The CDC has since taken steps to improve safety protocols and increase transparency.