Testudines
Testudines sunt animalia classis reptilium, quibus est praecipua testa ossea vel cartilaginea, ex eorum costis evoluta et scutum agendum. Ordo species ambas exstantis exstinctasque comprehendit. Primae huius gregis species Iurassico medio ortae sunt, qua pro causa testudines sunt unus ex veterrimis reptilium gregibus, atque anguibus crocodiliisque antiquior. Ex 356 speciebus notis quae hodie in vita sunt, nonnullae in periculum addicuntur. 

Testudines sunt ectothermi—animalia vulgo poikilothermi appellata—quod significat eorum temperaturam internum cum temperatura ambiente variare. Corporea autem Dermochelytis coriaceae temperatura, propter eius altam proportionem metabolicam, aqua circumpatenti insigniter altior est. Testudines amniota classificantur, cum aliis reptilibus, avibus, et mammalibus. Aliorum amniotorum similes, aerem suspirant, et ova in aqua non pariunt, quamquam multae species in aut prope aquam habitant.

Classificatio 
Ordo Testudines Linnaeus, 1758
 Subordo Pleurodira Cope, 1864
 Familia †Apertotemporalidae Kühne, 1937
 Familia †Platychelyidae Brän, 1965 sensu Gaffney, Tong & Buffetaut, 2006
 Familia †Dortokidae Lapparent de Broin & Murelaga, 1996
 Familia †Notoemyidae Fernandez & Fuente, 1994
 Superfamilia Cheloides Gray, 1825 sensu Gaffney, Tong & Buffetaut, 2006
 Familia Chelidae Gray, 1825
 Superfamilia Pelomedusoides Cope, 1868 sensu Broin 1988
 Familia †Araripemydidae Price, 1973
 Familia Pelomedusidae
 Familia †Euraxemydidae Gaffney, Tong & Buffetaut, 2006
 Familia †Bothremydidae Baur, 1891
 Familia Podocnemididae Cope, 1868
 Subordo Cryptodira Duméril & Bibron, 1835
 Infraordo Eucryptodira Gaffney, 1975a sensu Gaffney, 1984
 Familia †Macrobaenidae Sukhanov 1964
 Familia †Eurysternidae Dollo, 1886
 Familia †Plesiochelyidae Baur, 1888
 Familia †Xinjiangchelyidae Nesov, 1990
 Cladus Centrocryptodira
 Familia †Osteopygidae Zangerl, 1953
 Familia †Sinemydidae Yeh, 1963
 Cladus Polycryptodira Gaffney, 1988
 Cladus Pantrionychia
 Familia †Adocidae
 Superfamilia Trionychoidea Gray, 1870
 Familia Carettochelyidae Boulenger, 1887
 Familia Trionychidae Fitzinger, 1826
 Superfamilia Testudinoidea Baur, 1893
 Familia †Haichemydidae Sukhanov & Narmandakh, 2006
 Familia †Lindholmemydidae Chkhikvadze, 1970
 Familia †Sinochelyidae Chkhikvadze, 1970
 Familia Emydidae (Rafinesque, 1815)
 Familia Geoemydidae Theobald, 1868
 Familia Testudinidae Batsch, 1788
 Cladus Americhelydia Crawford et al., 2014
 Familia Chelydridae Gray, 1831
 Superfamilis Kinosternoidea Joyce, Parham, and Gauthier 2004
 Familia Dermatemydidae Gray, 1870
 Familia Kinosternidae Agassiz, 1857
 Superfamilia Chelonioidea Bauer, 1893
 Familia †Toxochelyidae Baur, 1895
 Familia Cheloniidae Oppel, 1811
 Familia†Thalassemydidae
 Familia Dermochelyidae Fitzinger, 1843
 Familia †Protostegidae Cope, 1872
Cladus †Paracryptodira
 Familia †Pleurosternidae Cope, 1868
 Familia †Compsemyidae
 Familia †Baenidae Cope, 1882

Notae

Bibliographia 
 
 .
 
 
 
  (Ed. tertia, 2004, ISBN 0-632-05637-1.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Exemplar.

Bibliographia addita 
Pritchard, Peter Charles Howard.1979. Encyclopedia of turtles. Neptunus Novae Caesareae: T. F. H. Publications. ISBN 978-0-87666-918-1. Editio interretialis.
Wyneken, Jeanette, Matthew H. Godfrey, et Vincent Bels, eds. 2008. Biology of turtles. Boca Raton Floridae: CRC Press. ISBN 9780849333392, ISBN 0849333393.

Nexus externi 

 "Recipes from Another Time." 2001. Smithsonian Magazine.
 "Chelonian studbook."
 "Biogeography and Phylogeny of the Chelonia."
 De evolutione testae testudinis. New Scientist.

Ordines animalium
 
Taxa Batsch
Taxa 1788