Monismus
Monismus est sententia quae unitatem (Graece μόνος) ad notionem (e.g., exsistentia) attribuit. Monismus substantiarum ergo est sententia philosophica quae varias res exsistentes per singulam realitatem vel substantiam enodari posse dicit. Alia definitio dicit omnes res exsistentes ex fonte ab eis distincto ortas esse (e.g. in Neoplatonismo, omnia ex uno deducuntur). Quod saepe monismus prioritatis appellam, dicit solum unam rem per ontologiam esse primam, omnibus rebus aliis priorem.

Alia distinctio est differentia inter monismum substantiae et monismum exsistentiae. Monismus substantiae ponit solum unum rerum genus (e.g., materia vel mens) exsistere, quamquam multae res ex ea fieri possunt; monismus autem exsisteniae ponit exsistere, sensu stricto, solum unam rem (e.g. universum), quod solum inter multas res arte et ad arbitrium dividi potest.

Historia 
Vocabulum monismus saeculo duodevicensimo a Christiano Wolffio in libro Logic (1728) propositus est, ad varia cogitationis philosophicae genera designanda quae dualitatem corporis et mentis tollere conabantur et ad omnia phaenomena enodanda per unum principium coniungens vel patefactiones unius substantiae.

Quaestio mentis et corporis in philosophia coniunctionem interrogat mentis et materiae, et praecipue coniunctionem conscientiae et cerebri. Haec quaestio insigniter a Renato Cartesio saeculo septimo decimo tractata est, dualismum Cartesianum gignens, atque a philosophis praearistotelianis, in philosophia Avicenniana, et in prioribus traditionibus Asianis et disertius Indis.

Quaestio mentis et corporis tandem ad rationem identitatis absolutae a Hegel et Schelling propositam adhibita est. Postea verbum latius adhibebatur, ad ullam rationem principium coniungens postulantem adhibitum. Dualismus, propositio contraria, etiam latior facta est, pluralismum amplectendum. Quam ob rem, verbum est "certa ratione ambiguum."

Monismus praeterea philosophis minus gratus factus est ob philosophiam analyticam saeculo vicensimo ineunte ortam, quae a neohegelianis defecerunt. Carnap et Ayer, acres positivismi fautores, "omni quaestioni ut mysticismus perturbatus irridebant."

Quaestio mentis et corporis in psychologia sociali et disciplinis cognatis rediit, cum philosophi animum agitare de interactione mentis et corporis et reicere dualismi mentis et corporis incipirent in thesi identitatis, hodierna monismi forma. Monismus autem ad philosophiam mentis iam attinet, ubi varia argumenta defenduntur.

Nexus interni
 
 Dualismus
 Eliminativismus
 Functionalismus
 Holismus
 Interactionismus
 Materialismus
 Monas
 Monismus dialecticus
 Monismus indefinitivus
 Monismus materialis
 Monismus neuter
 Philosophia mentis
 Pluralismus cosmicus
 Pluralismus ontologicus
 Quaestio mentis et corporis
 Synechismus
 Unitarianismus
 Univocitas entis

Notae

Bibliographia 
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Nexus externi 
 
 
 "Monism," www.himalayanacademy.com
 The Monist: An International Quarterly Journal of General Philosophical Inquiry, secure.pdcnet.org (Documentation Center)

 
Philosophia religionis
Rationes mentis
Theologia
Theoriae metaphysicae