Zea mays
Zea mays (binomen a Linnaeo anno 1753 statutum), Latinitate communi zea seu maizium (Hispanice maíz, a lingua Taino mahiz), est gramen familiae Poacearum, frumentum ab Indis in Mexico australi temporibus praehistoricis, abhinc annorum 10 000 fere, primum excultum. Foliaceae plantae caulis inflorescentias pollenaceas separatasque inflorescentias ovuliferas (spicas) parit, quarum nuclei sunt semina.

Nuclei, botanice fructus habita, ut holus vel amylum in arte coquinaria adhibentur. Olmeci et Maiae permultas varietates maizii, et molitas et per nixtamalizationem commutatas, coquere solebant. A medio fere millennio tertio a.C.n., maizium per multum Americae excolebatur. Tota regio retia commercii condidit in residuo et varietatibus messium maizi posita. Exeunte saeculo XV ineunteque XVI, cum America ab Europaeis colonizata esset, exploratores mercatoresque maizium ad Europam importabant, quod in alias civitates introducebant. Cultura maizii ad cetera quoque loca mundi extensa est, quod sub diversis caelis crescit. Varietates saccharo plenae, maizium dulce appellatae, pro cibo humano usitate excoluntur, dum varietates maizii agrestis pro victu animalium sunt. E granis Zeae maydis varietatis evertae maizium inflatum praeparatur.

Maizium ad usus plures per confectionem  paratur. Mesoamericani varias potiones et pultes e maizio faciunt, inter quas balché, , , .

Notae

Bibliographia 

 Fontes antiquiores
 1494-1530 : 
 1518 : Ioannes Nannius Utinensis, picturae botanicae porticus Amoris et Psychae in viridarii Augustini Chigii quaere speciem no. 160
 circa 1530 : 
 1526/1557 : 
 1570 : 
 1586 : Ioannes Lerius, Historia navigationis in Brasiliam (Genavae) p. 102: "quod Indorum historiographus Mais nominat"
 1597 : 
 1601 : Carolus Clusius, Rariorum plantarum historia (Antverpiae) appendix pp. ccxv-ccxvi "panicum Americanum"
 1658 : Iacobus Bontius; Gulielmus Piso, ed., De Indiae utriusque re naturali et medica libri (Amstelaedami: apud Elzevirios) textus  ("maizium")
 1775 : Cristoforo Pilati, "Aggiunta sopra il formentone" in Agostino Gallo, Le venti giornate dell' agricoltura e de'piaceri della villa (nova editio. Brixiae) 

 Eruditio
 Bruce F. Benz, "Archaeological evidence of teosinte domestication from Guilá Naquitz, Oaxaca" in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences vol. 102 (2005) pp. 2104–2106
 Sean B. Carroll, "Tracking the Ancestry of Corn Back 9,000 Years" in New York Times (24 Maii 2010)
 
 Michele Fassina, "Il mais nel Veneto nel Cinquecento. Testimonianze iconografichee prime esperienze colturali" in Angela Caracciolo Angelò, ed., L'impatto della scoperta dell'America nella cultura veneziana (Romae: Bulzoni, 1990)
 Roberto Finzi, "Sazia assai ma dà poco fiato": il mais nell'economia e nella vita rurale italiane, secoli XVI-XX. Booniae: CLUEB, 2009
 Walton C. Galinat, "Maize: gift from America's first peoples" in Nelson Foster, Linda S. Cordell, edd., Chilies to Chocolate: Food the Americas Gave the World (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1992) pp. 47-60 
 David Gentilcore, Food and Health in Early Modern Europe: diet, medicine and society, 1450–1800 (Londinii: Bloomsbury, 2016) pp. 144-148
 David Gentilcore, "The Impact of New World Plants, 1500–1800: The Americas in Italy" in Elizabeth Horodowich, Lia Markey, edd., The New World in Early Modern Italy, 1492–1750 (Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press, 2017) pp. 190-205 
 
 Yongxian Lu et al., "A pistil-expressed pectin methylesterase confers cross-incompatibility between strains of Zea mays" in Nature Communications vol. 10 no. 2304 (2019)
 Richard S. MacNeish, Mary W. Eubanks, "Comparative analysis of the Rio Balsas and Tehuacan models for the origin of maize" in Latin American Antiquity vol. 11 (2000) pp. 3-20
 Dolores R. Piperno, K. V. Flannery, "The earliest archaeological maize (Zea mays L.) from highland Mexico: New accelerator mass spectrometry dates and their implications" in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences vol. 98 (2001) pp. 2101–2103
 Dolores R. Piperno, Anthony J. Ranere, Irene Holst, Jose Iriarte, Ruth Dickau, "Starch grain and phytolith evidence for early ninth millennium B.P. maize from the Central Balsas River Valley, Mexico" in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences vol. 106 (2009) pp. 5019–5024
 Anthony J. Ranere, Dolores R. Piperno, Irene Holst, Ruth Dickau, José Iriarte, "The cultural and chronological context of early Holocene maize and squash domestication in the Central Balsas River Valley, Mexico" in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences vol. 106 (2009) pp. 5014–5018
 John Roney, "The Beginnings of Maize Agriculture" in Archaeology Southwest vol. 23 (2009) p. 4 ff.
 Jonathan D. Sauer, Historical Geography of Crop Plants: A Select Roster (CRC Press, 1993) pp. 228–236 

 Aliae encyclopaediae
 Ruben G. Mendoza, et Irene Casas, "Maize" in Solomon H. Katz, ed., Encyclopedia of Food and Culture (Novi Eboraci: Scribner, 2003) vol. 2 pp. 417–431

Nexus externi 

Fruges Americae mediae
Frumenta
Species plantarum
Taxa Linnaei
Taxa 1753
Victualia
Zea