Parnassius smintheus
Parnassius smintheus est papilio subfamiliae Parnassiinarum familiae Papilionidarum, qui altitudines altas in Montibus Saxosis Civitatum Foederatarum et Canadae habitat. Colores inter album et flavo-fuscum variant, maculis rubris nigrisque quae praedatoribus signum saporis mali dat.

Prata frequentat, silvas vitans, quia lumen magnopere praefert.

Larvae foliis Sedi lanceolati, adulti eius nectar plerumque vescuntur.

Subspecies
Parmassio smintheo sunt hae subspecies:
P. s. magnus Wright, 1905: Vasintonia
P. s. olympiannus Burdick, 1941: Montes Olympici Vancuverii Insulae
P. s. pseudorotgeri Eisner, 1966: Coloratum (Montes Sancti Ioannis)
P. s. sayii Edwards, 1863 
P. s. smintheus Doubleday, 1847
P. s. sternitzkyi McDunnough, 1936: California septentrionalis
P. s. xanthus Ehrmann, 1918: Vasintonia 
P. s. yukonensis Eisner, 1969: Yukon meridianum, Columbia Britannica

Species simillimae
P. smintheus pro Parnassio phoebo, specie holarctica arte cognata, saepe habetur. Nonnulli investigatores septentrionalem multitudinis Americae Septentrionalis gregem in duas vel tres species digere solent, papilionibus in extrema septentrione P. phoebus, reliquisque P. smintheus appellatis.
 Parnassius phoebus
 Parnassius clodius
 Parnassius eversmanni

Notae

Bibliographia

 
Brock, Jim P. et K. Kaufman. 2003. Kaufman Field Guide to Butterflies of North America. Novi Eboraci:Houghton Mifflin.
Doyle, Amanda. 2011. The roles of temperature and host plant interactions in larval development and population ecology of Parnassius smintheus Doubleday, the Rocky Mountain Apollo butterfly. Dissertatio in Universitate Albertae. PDF.
Shepard, Jon, et Crispin Guppy, 2011. Butterflies of British Columbia: Including Western Alberta, Southern Yukon, the Alaska Panhandle, Washington, Northern Oregon, Northern Idaho, and Northwestern Montana. UBC Press. ISBN 9780774844376. De libro.

Nexus externi

Imagines. Consortium for the Barcode of Life.
Imagines, cum typis et habitationibus. Butterflies of America.
Taxinomia, distributio, imagines. Funet.

Lepidoptera Americae Septentrionalis
smintheus
smintheus
Taxa Doubleday
Taxa 1847