Zerynthia polyxena
Zerynthia polyxena est papilio subfamiliae Parnassiinarum familiae Papilionidarum.

Subspecies et varietates
Inter subspecies sunt:

 Zerynthia polyxena polyxena (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) Italia
 Zerynthia polyxena polyxena f. punctata Schultz, 1908
 Zerynthia polyxena polyxena f. marpha Schultz, 1908
 Zerynthia polyxena polyxena f. rubra Hoffmann], 1916
 Zerynthia polyxena polyxena f. bella Neuburger, 1903
 Zerynthia polyxena polyxena f. bipunctata Cosmovici, 1892
 Zerynthia polyxena polyxena f. meridionalis Hoffmann, 1916
 Zerynthia polyxena polyxena f. tripunctata Zelezny, 1916
 Zerynthia polyxena polyxena f. nora Schultz, 1908 (kreusa Tomala)
 Zerynthia polyxena polyxena f. muelleri Bryk, 1921 (mulleri Bryk, recte muelleri)
 Zerynthia polyxena polyxena f. springeri Ronnicke, 1906
 Zerynthia polyxena polyxena f. reducta Zelezny, 1915
 Zerynthia polyxena polyxena f. nigromaculata Zelezny, 1915
 Zerynthia polyxena polyxena f. unimaculata Zelezny, 1915
 Zerynthia polyxena polyxena f. demaculata Schultz, 1908
 Zerynthia polyxena polyxena f. confluens Schultz, 1908
 Zerynthia polyxena polyxena f. lateviltata Schultz, 1908
 Zerynthia polyxena polyxena f. fasciata Begrer, 1919
 Zerynthia polyxena polyxena f. skalae Zelezny, 1917
 Zerynthia polyxena polyxena f. derubescens Zullich, 1928
 Zerynthia polyxena polyxena f. alba Esper, 1805
 Zerynthia polyxena polyxena f. subalba Schultz, 1908
 Zerynthia polyxena polyxena f. rufescens Oberthur, 1879
 Zerynthia polyxena polyxena f. meta Meigen
 Zerynthia polyxena polyxena f. ochracea Staudinger, 1861
 Zerynthia polyxena polyxena f. cellopura Eisner
 Zerynthia polyxena polyxena f. basinigra Eisner
 Zerynthia polyxena polyxena f. quincunx Eisner
 Zerynthia polyxena polyxena f. divisa Schultz, 1908
 Zerynthia polyxena polyxena f. ornata Eisner
 Zerynthia polyxena polyxena f. vitrina Rothschild
 Zerynthia polyxena polyxena f. irregularis Holland
 Zerynthia polyxena aemiliae (Rocci, 1929) Italia septentrionalis; Lombardia: Massa Lombarda, Mutina, Labro
 Zerynthia polyxena albanica (Riemel, 1927) Albania
 Zerynthia polyxena australis Esper, 1780 (medesicaste Hoffmannsegg) (Francia meridiana: Provincia ad Pyrenaeos orientales)
 Zerynthia polyxena australis f. alicea Neuburger, 1903
 Zerynthia polyxena australis f. paucipunctata Neuburger
 Zerynthia polyxena australis f. tristis Verity
 Zerynthia polyxena australis f. divisa Schultez
 Zerynthia polyxena australis f. hartmanni Staudfuss, 1896
 Zerynthia polyxena australis f. unipunctata Eisner, 1954
 Zerynthia polyxena australis f. minusculus Eisner
 Zerynthia polyxena australis f. vitrina Rothschild sensu Eisner
 Zerynthia polyxena australis f. aperta Eisner, 1954
 Zerynthia polyxena australis f. quincunx Eisner
 Zerynthia polyxena australis f. honnerathii Boisduval, 1832
 Zerynthia polyxena australis f. albescens Eisner
 Zerynthia polyxena australis f. binaria Eisner
 Zerynthia polyxena bosniensis (Eisner, 1974) Bosnia
 Zerynthia polyxena bosniensis f. ochracea Staudinger, 1861
 Zerynthia polyxena bosniensis f.reducta Zelzny, 1915
 Zerynthia polyxena bryki (Eisner, 1954) in finibus Montis Nigri et Herzegovinae
 Zerynthia polyxena cantabrica Gomez-Bustille (Hispania: Cantabrica)
 Zerynthia polyxena carmenae (Sabariego et Martinez, 1991) in Bulgaria
 Zerynthia polyxena cassandra (Geyer, 1828) Francia meridiana et Italia septentrionali
 Zerynthia polyxena cassandra f. ochracea Staudinger, 1861
 Zerynthia polyxena cassandra f. vitrina Rothschild, 1918
 Zerynthia polyxena cassandra f. inornata Pionneau
 Zerynthia polyxena cassandra f. bella Neuburger
 Zerynthia polyxena cassandra f. reducta Železný, 1915
 Zerynthia polyxena cassandra f. quincunx Eisner
 Zerynthia polyxena cassandra f. microcreusa Verity, 1947
 Zerynthia polyxena cassandra f. deminuta Verity, 1947
 Zerynthia polyxena cassandra-clara (Verity, 1947) in Croatia
 Zerynthia polyxena castiliana Ruhl, 1892 (transcastilia Mon) (Hispania media: Castella, Albarracín)
 Zerynthia polyxena castiliana f. derubescens Schultz
 Zerynthia polyxena castiliana f. honnorathii Boisduval, 1832 (henrietta Timmins)
 Zerynthia polyxena castiliana f. tristis Verity, 1906
 Zerynthia polyxena castiliana f. semitristis de Sagarra, 1930
 Zerynthia polyxena castiliana f. ornatissima Blachier, 1908
 Zerynthia polyxena castiliana f. nigricans Holland
 Zerynthia polyxena castiliana f. alicea Neuburger, 1903
 Zerynthia polyxena catalonica de Sagarra 1930 (Hispania: Catalonia)
 Zerynthia polyxena catalonica f. semitristis de Sagarra, 1930
 Zerynthia polyxena caucasiae (Nardelli & Hirschfeld, 2002) Caucasus septentrio-occidentalis
 Zerynthia polyxena creusa Meigen, 1829 (Italia media: Albintimilium (Verity, 1950); cf. Eisner, 1974)
 Zerynthia polyxena decastroi (Sala & Bollino, 1992) Italia
 Zerynthia polyxena deminuta (Verity, 1947) Francia meridiana
 Zerynthia polyxena demnosia Freyer, 1833 (Dahl MS) (albanica Riemel], thusnelda Schultz) (= ssp. macedonia Eisner, 1974 (Macedonia Graeca, Thessalia, Dalmatia, Albania)
 Zerynthia polyxena demnosia f. quincunx Eisner
 Zerynthia polyxena demnosia f. vitrina Rothschild
 Zerynthia polyxena demnosia f. ochracea Staudinger, 1861
 Zerynthia polyxena gracilis (Schultz, 1908) Turcia boreo-orientalis: Bursa, Karagja Dagh
 Zerynthia polyxena idaensis (Eisner, 1974) Creta
 Zerynthia polyxena idaensis f. rumina Linne, 1758
 Zerynthia polyxena latevittata (Verity, 1919) Sicilia
 Zerynthia polyxena latiaris (Stichel, 1907) Italia meridiana: Calabria, Roma, Albanus Mons
 Zerynthia polyxena linnea (Bryk, 1932) Italia, Elba
 Zerynthia polyxena macedonia (Eisner, 1974) Macedonia
 Zerynthia polyxena michaelis (Nardelli, 1993) Italia
 Zerynthia polyxena microcreusa (Verity, 1947) Francia meridiana
 Zerynthia polyxena minima Gerhardinger, 1951 Hispania: Toletum)
 Zerynthia polyxena nemorensis (Verity, 1919) Italia: Tuscania, Florentia.
 Zerynthia polyxena nigra (Sijaric, 1989) Bosnia
 Zerynthia polyxena padana (Rocci, 1929) Italia septentrionalis: Pedemontium, Lombardia, Augusta Taurinorum
 Zerynthia polyxena patrizii (Nardelli, 1993) Italia
 Zerynthia polyxena petheri Romei, 1927 (Hispania meridiana: Serra Nivata in Vandalitia)
 Zerynthia polyxena petri (Bryk, 1932) Graecia, Ucraina meridiana: Cherson, Kiovia, Juzinyi Bug inferior, Crimaea
 Zerynthia polyxena polymnia (Millière, 1880) Graecia: Euboea
 Zerynthia polyxena reverdinii (Fruhstorfer, 1908) Italia occidentalis et borealis: Liguria.
 Zerynthia polyxena silana (Storace, 1962) Italia
 Zerynthia polyxena sontae (Sijaric, 1989) Serbia
 Zerynthia polyxena taygetana (Rosen, 1929) Graecia: Taygetus, Peloponnesus
 Zerynthia polyxena thesto Fruhstorfer, 1908 Unio Rerum Publicarum Sovieticarum Socialisticarum meridio-occidentalis: Volga inferior, Saratow, Tanais inferior
 Zerynthia polyxena thesto f. rufescens Oberthur, 1879
 Zerynthia polyxena thesto f. muelleri Bryk, 1991
 Zerynthia polyxena thesto f. cellopura Eisner
 Zerynthia polyxena tristis de Lattin, 1950 Turcia
 Zerynthia polyxena vipsania Hemming, 1941 (:latevittata Verity, 1919 latevittata Schultz, 1908: creusa Mann, nec Meigen, Dahl MS: polymnia Ragusa, 1906, (Sicilia)

Distributio
Z. polyxena in Europa Media et Meridiana (Francia meridio-orientali, Italia, Slovacia, et Graecia) late distribuitur, omnem Balcaniam habitans, terrasque ad meridiem Kazakhstaniae et Uralium attingens.

Habitatio
Invenitur hic papilio in locis calidis et apricis, ut in pratis gramineis, vinetis, ripis fluminum, locis uliginosis, agris cultis, rupibus saxosis, sursum 1700 metris tenus supra aequor maris, sed plerumque sub 900 metris.

Pinacotheca

Notae

Bibliographia
Capinera, J. L., ed. 2008. Encyclopedia of Entomology. Ed. 2a. 4 voll. Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media B.V. ISBN 978-1-4020-6242-1. LCCN 2008930112, OCLC 837039413.
Dapporto, L. [In prelo.] Speciation in Mediterranean refugia and post-glacial expansion of Zerynthia polyxena (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae). J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2009.00550.x.
Higgins, L. G, et N. D. Riley. 1970. A Field Guide to the Butterflies of Britain and Europe.
Kükenthal, W., ed.. (1998) 1999. Handbuch der Zoologie / Handbook of Zoology. Vol. 4: Arthropoda - 2. Hälfte: Insecta - Lepidoptera, moths and butterflies . . . in Kristensen, N. P. (a cura di), Handbuch der Zoologie, Fischer, M. (Scientific Editor), Teilband/Part 35: Volume 1: Evolution, systematics, and biogeography, Berolini et Novi Eboraci: Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-015704-8. OCLC 174380917.
Nazari, V., Sperling, F.A.H. 2007; Mitochondrial DNA divergence and phylogeography in western Palaearctic Parnassiinae (Lepidoptera:Papilionidae): how many species are there? Insect Syst Evol 38:121–38.
Scoble, M. J. [1992] 2011. The Lepidoptera: Form, Function and Diversity. Ed. 2a. Londinii: Oxford University Press & Natural History Museum. ISBN 978-0-19-854952-9. LCCN 92004297, OCLC 25282932.
Stehr, F. W., ed. [1987] 1991. Immature Insects 2 vol. Ed. 2a. Dubuque Iovae: Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co. ISBN 978-0-8403-3702-3. LCCN 85081922, OCLC 13784377.

Nexus externi

Rowlings, Matt. Euro Butterflies.
Schmetterling-raupe.de
Butterfly Corner.
Catalogus Vitae.
Pocket Nature.

Polyxena
Lepidoptera Europae
Lepidoptera Asiae
polyxena
Taxa Denis
Taxa Schiffermüller
Taxa 1775