Systema internum
Systema internum, vel systema administrativum computatrale vel fortasse systema operatorium, est corpus programmatum principalium quae interactiones inter programmata, utentes, et armaturam computatralem electronicam administrant. Inter res principales a systemate interno effectas sunt codicillos creare et memoriam volatilem gubernare et conlocare. Systemata interpretationis iussorum et fenestrae graphicae etiam sunt integrae multorum systematum internorum partes, sed non omnia systemata eas habent.

Operationes saepe effectae
Operationes systematis interni saepe sunt:
subsidium computatri praebere
in codicillos creando
in memoriam gubernando et conlocando  
usori programmata faciliora praebere
iussi lineam adhibere
interfaciem graphicam adhibere

Exempla systematum internorum
 Berkeley Software Distribution
 Chrome OS
 Linux
 macOS
 Microsoft Windows
 Unix

Nexus interni

Comparatio systematum internorum
Computatra manualia
Daemon (informatica)
Hypervisor
Imago systematica
 Index systematum internorum
Nucleus (informatica)
Micromoderator
PCjacking
 Proposita systematum internorum
Systemata interna Macintosh
Tempora systematum internorum

Notae

Bibliographia
Auslander, Marc A., David C. Larkin, et Allan L. Scherr. 1981. The evolution of the MVS Operating System IBM J. Research & Development.
Deitel, Harvey M., Paul Deitel, et David Choffnes. Operating Systems. Pearson/Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-092641-8.
Bic, Lubomur F., et Alan C. Shaw. 2003. Operating Systems Prentice Hall Pearson.
Silberschatz, Avi, Peter Galvin, et Greg Gagne. 2008. Operating Systems Concepts. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-470-12872-0.
Salus, Peter H.. 2008. The Daemon, the GNU & The Penguin. Reed Media Services. ISBN 978-0-9790342-3-7.
Salus, Peter H.. 1994. A Quarter Century of UNIX. Addison Wesley. ISBN 978-0-201-54777-1.
Salus, Peter H. 1995. Casting the Net. Addison-Wesley. ISBN 978-0-201-87674-1.
Tanenbaum, Andrew S. Moderne Betriebssysteme. Ed. 3a. Pearson Studium. ISBN 978-3-8273-7342-7.

Nexus externi

 "Help finding your Operating System type and version," whatsmyos.com
 "How Stuff Works: Operating Systems," computer.howstuffworks.com
 "Multics History" et historia systematum administrativorum, www.cbi.umn.edu

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