Hordeum vulgare
Hordeum vulgare (binomen a Carolo Linnaeo anno 1753 statutum), Latinitate classica hordeum, est species generis Hordei et familiae Poacearum. Est annuum frumentum cereale, quod maxima parte adhibetur ad animalia alenda, minus ad cibum humanum. Iuribus minutalibusque et pane hordeaceo a populis variis adhibetur. Grana hordei usitate in braces convertuntur ad cervisiam faciendam. Cultivatio hordei mundialis anno 2005 (560,000 chiliometris quadratis) fuit magnitudine quarta inter frumenta cerealia.

Origo et historia 
Genus Hordeum in zonis temperatis continentium quattuor crescit spontaneum, videlicet Asiae mediae, Africae australis, Americae Septentrionalis et Australis. Species quattuor ab hominibus coluntur, quarum duae Americanae boreales (H. jubatum et H. pusillum), duae Asiaticae occidentales, nominatim H. bulbosum et H. vulgare. Haec est hodie vulgatissima, aliis fere omnino oblitis. Stirps silvestris (melius H. vulgare L. ssp. spontaneum nuncupatum sed a nonnullis H. spontaneum) a litoribus orientalibus maris Mediterranei (Libya litorali, Asia Minore litorali, Creta, Cypro) per Mesopotamiam, Armeniam, Atropatenam et Iraniam occidentalem hodie crescit et usque in mediam Asiam (Turcomanniam, Uzbeciam, Afganiam, Ladakh et Thibetum).

Sed crebrissime floret in ea regione Asiae occidentalis quae "Luna fertilis" appellatur, cui est aqua abundans. Ibi grana hordei ab hominibus iam anno circiter 17 000 a.C.n. collecta sunt. Ibidem hordeum inter fruges conditrices agriculturae huius regionis neolithicae primum millennio fere IX a.C.n. cultum est. Recentissime inter eruditos satis constat hordeum rursus et separatim, sed tardius, e stirpibus silvestribus montanis in Thibeto domesticatum esse.

 Index subspecierum

Chemia 
Catechin-7-O-glucosidum in H. vulgare inveni potest.

 Beowa

Notae

Bibliographia 
 Robin G. Allaby, Chris Stevens, Leilani Lucas, Osamu Maeda, Dorian Q. Fuller, "Geographic mosaics and changing rates of cereal domestication" in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B vol. 372 no. 1735 (2017)
 
 Alain Bonjean, E. Picard, Les céréales à paille: origine, histoire, économie, sélection. Lutetiae: Softword – Groupe ITM, 1990
 
 Chen Shouliang, Zhu Guanghua, "Hordeum vulgare" in Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong, edd., Flora of China. Volume 22: Poaceae (Pecingi: Science Press, 2006. ISBN 1-930723-50-4) p. 399
 
 
 
 Mordechai E. Kislev, Ehud Weiss, Anat Hartmann, "Impetus for sowing and the beginning of agriculture: Ground collecting of wild cereals" in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences vol. 101 (2004)
 Matti W. Leino, Jenny Hagenblad, "Nineteenth Century Seeds Reveal the Population Genetics of Landrace Barley (Hordeum vulgare)" in Molecular Biology and Evolution vol. 27 (2010) pp. 964-973
 
 Peter L. Morrell, Michael T. Clegg, "Genetic evidence for a second domestication of barley (Hordeum vulgare) east of the Fertile Crescent" in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences vol. 104 (2007)
 Peter L. Morrell, Ana M. Gonzales, Kapua K.T. Meyer, Michael T. Clegg, "Resequencing Data Indicate a Modest Effect of Domestication on Diversity in Barley: A Cultigen With Multiple Origins" in Journal of Heredity (2013) Epitome
 Simone Riehl, Konstantin Pustovoytov, Heike Weippert, Stefan Klett, Frank Hole, "Drought stress variability in ancient Near Eastern agricultural systems evidenced by δ13C in barley grain" in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences vol. 111 (2014) pp. 12348–12353
 Daisuke Saisho, Michael D. Purugganan, "Molecular Phylogeography of Domesticated Barley Traces Expansion of Agriculture in the Old World" in Genetics vol. 177 (2007) pp. 1765-1776
 Wilfried Seibel, Warenkunde Getreide – Inhaltsstoffe, Analytik, Reinigung, Trocknung, Lagerung, Vermarktung, Verarbeitung. Bergen/Dumme: Agrimedia, 2005. ISBN 3-86037-257-2

Nexus externi 

 De specie

 Crop Wild Relatives Gap Analysis Portal,

 De cultura
 Genetically modified barley - No effects on beneficial fungi,
 Barley Information for Growers, apud eXtension

 De cibo
 A Brief History of Barley Foods,
 Cooking with barley and barley recipes, apud About.com
 De hordeo, apud NutritionData
 Nutritive value of barley,
 Situs publicus, The National Barley Foods Council

Fruges Asiae occidentalis
Frumenta
!
Pabula
Taxa Linnaei
Taxa 1753
Victualia
Species plantarum