Tholus vulcanicus
Tholus vulcanicus, sive tholus lavae, in vulcanologia est rotunda protrusio tumuli similis, quae ex lente lavae viscosae extrusione per eruptionem montis igniferi nascitur, Erupientes montes igniferi tholos lavae saepe gignunt, praecipue prope convergentes laminarum fines. Circa 6 centesimae eruptionum in tellure tales tholos gignunt, et eorum geochemia a basalte (e.g., Semeru anno 1946) ad rhyolitem (e.g., Chaitén anno 2010) variare possunt, sed plurimi a rebus permixtis componuntur (sicut Sancta Maria, a dacite et andesite hodie composita). Propria tholi similis forma a viscositate fingitur quae prohibet ne lava procul effluat. Quae viscositas binis modis efficitur: ex dioxido silicii in magma et per degasificationem magmae fluentis. Quia tholi basaltici andesiticique celeriter effectu caeli dissolvuntur et facile a lava nuper exorienti confringuntur, plurimis tholis exstantibus est materies silicosa, atque ei in rhyolite vel dacite consistunt.

Geologi credunt nonnullas conformationes tholiformes quae in Luna atque in Venere et Marte planetis videntur esse tholos lavae, praesertim in superficie Martis in occidentali Arcadiae Planitiae regione atque intra Terram Sirenum.

 Podium Dumiatis

Notae

Bibliographia
 Calder, Eliza S., Yan Lavallée, Jackie E. Kendrick, et Marc Bernstein. 2015. In The Encyclopedia of Volcanoes, 343–62. Elsevier. . ISBN 9780123859389.
 Fink, Jonathan H., et Steven W. Anderson. 2001. "Lava Domes and Coulees." In Encyclopedia of Volcanoes, ed. Haraldur Sigursson, 307–19. Academic Press.
 Heap, Michael J., Valentin R. Troll, Alexandra R. L. Kushnir, H. Albert Gilg, Amy S. D. Collinson, Frances M. Deegan, Herlan Darmawan, Nadhirah Seraphine, Walter Neuberg, et Thomas R. Juergen. 2019. "Hydrothermal alteration of andesitic lava domes can lead to explosive volcanic behaviour." Nature Communications 10, no. 1 (7 Novembris): 5063. . ISSN 2041-1723.
 Melnik, O., et R. S. J. Sparks. 1999. "Nonlinear dynamics of lava dome extrusion." Nature 402, no. 6757 (4 Novembris): 37–41. Bibcode:1999Natur.402...37M. . S2CID 4426887. PDF.
 Newhall, C. G., et W. G. Melson. 1983. "Explosive activity associated with the growth of volcanic domes." Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 17, nos. 1–4 (September): 111–31. Bibcode:1983JVGR...17..111N..
 Parfitt, E. A., et L. Wilson. 2008. Fundamentals of Physical Volcanology. Massachusetta: Blackwell Publishing.
 Rampey, Michael L., Keith A. Milam, Harry Y. McSween, Jeffrey E. Moersch, et Philip R. Christensen. 2007. "Identity and emplacement of domical structures in the western Arcadia Planitia, Mars." Journal of Geophysical Research 112, no. E6 (28 Iunii): E06011. Bibcode:2007JGRE..112.6011R. . Textus interretialis.
 Sparks, R.S.J. 1997. "Causes and consequences of pressurisation in lava dome eruptions." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 150, nos. 3–4 (Augustus): 177–89, Bibcode:1997E&PSL.150..177S, .

Nexus externi 

 De tholis lavae. Programma Vulcanismi Totius Mundi.
 "Lava dome," in glossario vocabulorum vulcanicorum per photographemata pictorum. USGS.

Tholi
Vulcanologia