Pala
Pala vel batilla est instrumentum rusticum, usitate ferreum, ligonis simile, sed planum et latius, quo materies sicut solum, carbo, calculi, nix, harena, et aes plerumque manu fodantur, tollantur, moveantur.

Aevo Neolithico atque ante, scapula magni animalis saepe pro rude pala vel rutro adhibebatur.

 Vatillum

Notae

Bibliographia
 Hoban, Russell. 1959. What does it do and how does it work? Power shovel, dump truck, and other heavy machines. Novi Eboraci: Harper.
 Taylor, Frederick Winslow. 1911. The Principles of Scientific Management. Novi Eboraci et Londinii: Harper & Brothers. OCLC 233134. Propositum Gutenbergianum. LCCN 11010339. Google Books.

Nexus externi 

Instrumenta rustica