Acido deoxyribonucleic
Acido deoxyribonucleic (ADN o DNA) es un acido nucleic que contine le genetic instructiones usate in le disvelopamento e functionamento de tote organismos vive cognoscite e alicun viruses. Le role principal de ADN molecules es memorar information de termo longe. ADN es comparate frequentemente con un set de cyanotypos, o un code, proque illo contine le instructiones necessari constructer altere componentes de cellulas, como proteines e molecules ARN (Acido Ribo-Nucleic). Le segmentes de ADN que supporta isto information genetic es nominate genes, ma altere sequences de ADN ha proposito structural, o es implicate in regulatate del uso de isto information genetic.

ADN es composite, (in chimia organic) de duo longe polymeros de unitos simple nominate nucleotides.

Proprietates 

ADN es un polymer longe composito de unitos que se repeta, nominate nucleotides. Le catena de ADN es 22 a 26 Ångströms large (2.2 to 2.6 nanometres), e uno nucleotide es 3.3 Å (0.33 nm) longe. 

In le organismos vive, ADN no exista como un molecule solo, ma como un par de molecules associate stricte. Multiple nucleotide in ligamine, como in ADN, isto polymer es nominate polynucleotide.

Cannellaturas 

Le helice duble es un spiral dextera.

Historia de recerca de DNA 

ADN esseva primero isolate de le physician Switze Friedrich Miescher 1869, quando il discoperiva un substantia microscopic in le pure de bandages chirurgic.  Proque il esseva discoperite in le nucleo del cellula, il lo nominava ille "nuclein".

In 1919, Phoebus Levene discoperiva le unitate basic del ADN, le nucleotide  In le annos 1950, Edwin Chargaff discoperiva que le amonta de thymine (T) esse casi equivilante al amonta del adenine (A); per isto, il discoperiva que le mesmo occure con guanine (G) e cytosine (C).

Un annos postea in 1952, un scientista britannic, Rosalind Franklin, studiava crystallos de DNA - specialmente, su diffraction de radios X.  Con iste imagines e con communicationes private con Chargaff, James Watson e Francis Crick sugeriva que hodie esse reguardava como le prime modello correcte del structura helical duple de ADN.  Con Maurice Wilkins, cuje labor supportava le hypothese de Watson e Crick, illos ganiava le Premio Nobel pro physiologia o medicina in 1962.  (Franklin esseva considerate un pionero equal, ma ille moriva in 1958 per cancere ovarian, e le premio nobel non esse acccordate postumemente.)

Le final discoperatura in le analyse de DNA esseva le labor facite per Khorana, Holley e Nirenberg.  Per le discoperatura per Crick que le codice genetic esseva basate in triplettos de bases, nominate "codon", Khorana, Holley, e Nirenberg discoperiva lo pro que le codones codiva; iste esseva le initio de biologia molecular.

Vide etiam 
 Perturbation genetic
 Plasmid
 Nucleic acid analogues
 Nucleic acid methodes
 Nucleic Acid Notationes
 ADN sequentiante
 Polymerase chain reaction
 Phosphoramidite

Referentias

Lectura in plus 
 Clayton, Julie. (Ed.). 50 Years of DNA, Palgrave MacMillan Press, 2003. ISBN 978-1-4039-1479-8
 Judson, Horace Freeland. The Eighth Day of Creation: Makers of the Revolution in Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1996. ISBN 978-0-87969-478-4
 Olby, Robert. The Path to The Double Helix: Discovery of DNA, first published in October 1974 by MacMillan, with foreword by Francis Crick; ISBN 978-0-486-68117-7; the definitive DNA textbook, revised in 1994, with a 9 page postscript.
 Ridley, Matt. Francis Crick: Discoverer of the Genetic Code (Eminent Lives) HarperCollins Publishers; 192 pp, ISBN 978-0-06-082333-7 2006
 Rose, Steven. The Chemistry of Life, Penguin, ISBN 978-0-14-027273-4.
 Watson, James D. and Francis H.C. Crick. A structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid (PDF). Nature 171, 737–738, 25 April 1953.
 Watson, James D. DNA: The Secret of Life ISBN 978-0-375-41546-3.
 Watson, James D. The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA (Norton Critical Editions). ISBN 978-0-393-95075-5
 Watson, James D. "Avoid boring people and other lessons from a life in science" (2007) New York: Random House. ISBN 978-0-375-41284-4
 Calladine, Chris R.; Drew, Horace R.; Luisi, Ben F. and Travers, Andrew A. Understanding DNA, Elsevier Academic Press, 2003. ISBN 978-0-12-155089-9

Ligamines externe 
 The Secret Life of DNA - DNA Music compositions
 The Register of Francis Crick Personal Papers 1938 - 2007  at Mandeville Special Collections Library, Geisel Library, University of California, San Diego
 DNA Interactive This site from the Dolan DNA Learning Center included dozens of animations as well as interviews with James Watson and others (requires Adobe Flash)
 DNA from the Beginning Another DNA Learning Center site on DNA, genes, and heredity from Mendel to the human genome project.
 Double Helix 1953–2003  National Centre for Biotechnology Education
 Double helix: 50 years of DNA, Nature
 Rosalind Franklin's contributions to the study of DNA
 U.S. National DNA Day — watch videos and participate in real-time chat with top scientists
 Genetic Education Modules for Teachers — DNA from the Beginning Study Guide
 Listen to Francis Crick and James Watson talking on the BBC in 1962, 1972, and 1974
 
 
 DNA under electron microscope
 
 DNA coiling to form chromosomes 
 DISPLAR: DNA binding site prediction on protein
 Dolan DNA Learning Center
 Olby, R. (2003) "Quiet debut for the double helix"  Nature 421 (January 23): 402–405.
 Basic animated guide to DNA cloning
 DNA the Double Helix Game From the official Nobel Prize web site
 DNA Lab, demonstrates how to extract DNA from wheat using readily available equipment and supplies.

 
Genetica
Biologia cellular
Anatomia
Biologia