John Cale
John Davies Cale (9 de martio 1942) es un autor-compositor-interprete, multiinstrumentista e productor gallese.

Ille esseva membro del gruppo Velvet Underground de 1965 a 1968 postea partiva in 1970 a un carriera solo. Si su obras le plus cognoscite es orientate verso le musica rock, ille approcha se in omne parte de su carriera de multe stilos musical differente.

Ille ha equalmente collaborate con multe artistas, per exemplo: The Modern Lovers, Patti Smith, The Stooges, Brian Eno, Terry Riley, Nick Drake, e Phil Manzanera.

Biographia

Le debutes 
John Cale se nasce le 9 de martio 1942 in Crynant, al sud del Galles, su lingua maternal es gallese. Su patre es minator e su matre inseniante. Multo primemente, ille monstra de bon dispositiones pro le musica, ille es inviate al Goldsmith College de London pro un formation classic, ille studia le alto, piano e guitarra. In 1963, ille attinge le bursa Leonard Bernstein que permitte a ille integrar le conservatorio Eastman in Tanglewood, in Massachusetts, pro apprender le composition moderne. Sex menses plus tarde, ille se installa a New York ubi ille incontra specialmente John Cage con qui ille participa (assi como altere pianistas) al creation de Vexations de Erik Satie, un performance musical que dura 18 horas. Altere incontros, Tony Conrad, Aaron Copland e La Monte Young que le introduce in le aventura de Dream syndicate (Theater of Eternal Music). A iste epocha ille discoperi le musica rock e face le cognoscentia de Lou Reed.

The Velvet Underground 
Le incontro inter Cale e Reed da nascentia al Velvet Underground in 1965. Le formation original, que prende le nomine de "Primitives", es un quatuor al qual Conrad (de Dream Syndicate) e Walter De Maria (un sculptor qui es anque percussionista) se junge. Iste duo membros non resta e lor reimplaciamento transforma le gruppo al qual le cantatrice Nico va punctualmente participar. Per su formation, Cale apporta multe elementos exterior al mundo del rock: musica repetitive, travalio, e experimenationes super le sono. Ille participa al conception, scriptura, e registro del duo prime albums del gruppo: The Velvet Underground and Nico e White Light/White Heat, que es insuccessos commercial. Ille canta super qualque cantos e se carga del alto, clavieros, e guitarra de basso. Su experientias non es del gusto de Lou Reed e isto es probabilemente un querela de ego que precipita le exito de Cale in 1968.

Carriera solo 

Su carriera solo comencia in 1970, con Vintage Violence. In parallel de un discographia personal, ille se impone como un productor de prime plano. In le anno sequente, ille collabora con le compositor american Terry Riley super The Church of Anthrax, un obra de musica repetitive, genere que ille perseque super Academy in Peril. In 1972, ille rejunge Nico e Reed a Paris pro un unic concerto al Bataclan. 1973 vide le production de Paris 1919]], un album al numerose referentias e musicalmente multo elaborate, que es reguardate como un del summitates del carriera de John Cale, , e un del discos emblematic del annos 1970. De retorno a London, ille signa con le casa de discos Island Records un contracto que va permitter a ille de sortir del discos personal a un rhythmo sustenite. June 1, 1974 es le registro de un concerto date a London (Rainbow) con Kevin Ayers, Brian Eno e Nico, ille se tracta de un version de Heartbreak Hotel de Elvis Presley. Fear es un album rock al qual collabora Phil Manzanera, le guitarrista de Roxy Music.

Parallelmente a su proprie discographia, ille interveni como productor con multe artistas, del quales on pote retener Squeeze, Patti Smith, Sham 69, The Stooges, The Modern Lovers, e Siouxsie and the Banshees. Ille es a vices reguardate como un del precursores del musica punk.

Al initio del decennio de 1990, Cale contribueva un interpretation del canto Hallelujah per Leonard Cohen, pro le album de tributo I'm Your Fan. Iste disco non esseva notate vastemente tum, ma illo inspirava interpretationes ulterior del canto, inclusive le version per Jeff Buckley.

Depost del reunion in un concerto improvisate al Fundation Cartier al occasion de un exposition consecrate a Andy Warhol, in 1990, The Velvet Underground se reforma pro un tour in 1993. Iste nove formation comprende Cale, Reed, Maureen Tucker, e Sterling Morrison. Un album es tirate: Live MCMXCIII.

In 1998, ille es le programmator del festival "With A Little Help From My Friends" que sta al Paradiso de Amsterdam. Le concerto retransmittite al television nederlandese comprende un titulo specialmente componite pro le occasion e restate non publicate, Murdering Mouth cantate in duo con Siouxsie Sioux.

In 1999, ille da un concerto a Cardiff al occasion del festivitates date pro le creation del Assemblea National de Galles.

Un libro autobiographic ha essite publicate in collaboration con Victor Bockris, What's Welsh for zen? Bloomsbury, USA, ISBN 0747536686.

Plus recentemente in 2010, ille ha facite un concerto al Salle Pleyel a Paris, ubi ille sonava su mythic album, Paris 1919, con le Orchestra National de Île-de-France.

In 2011, Cale es in tour francese a partir del mense de octobre. Un autobiographia titulate What's Welsh for Zen? es production del casa editorial Au Diable Vauvert.

Discographia

Con The Dream Syndicate 
 2000: Day of Niagara (Table of the Elements)

Registros del annos 1960 
 2001: Sun Blindness Music (Table of the Elements)
 2001: Dream Interpretation: Inside The Dream Syndicate Vol. II (Table of the Elements)
 2001: Stainless Gamelan: Inside The Dream Syndicate Vol. III (Table of the Elements)

Con The Velvet Underground 
 1967: The Velvet Underground and Nico
 1968: White Light/White Heat
 1985: VU (compilation)
 1986: Another View (compilation)
 1993: Live MCMXCIII
 1995: Peel Slowly and See (compilation + multe non publicate)
 2003: The Very Best of the Velvet Underground (compilation)

Solo 
 1970: Vintage Violence
 1972: The Academy in Peril (reprisa)
 1973: Paris 1919
 1974: Fear
 1975: Slow Dazzle
 1975: Helen of Troy
 1977: Guts (compilation)
 1979: Sabotage / Live (live)
 1981: Honi Soit
 1982: Music for a New Society
 1983: Caribbean Sunset (nunquam publicate de novo in CD)
 1984: John Cale Comes Alive  (live, nunquam publicate de novo in CD)
 1985: Artificial Intelligence
 1989: Words for the Dying
 1991: Even Cowgirls Get the Blues (live)
 1991: Paris s'éveille, suivi d'autres compositions (musica del film eponyme)
 1992: Fragments of a rainy season (live)
 1993: 23 Solo Pieces pour La Naissance de L'Amour (musica del film eponyme)
 1994: N'oublie pas que tu vas mourir (musica del film eponyme)
 1994: Seducing Down the Door (compilation)
 1995: Antartida (musica del film eponyme)
 1996: Walking on Locusts
 1997: Eat / Kiss: Music for the Films of Andy Warhol (live, e non musica de film, paradoxemente)
 1998: Somewhere in the City (musica del film eponyme)
 1999: The Unknown (musica de film del nove edition del film eponyme)
 1999: Le Vent de la nuit (musica del film eponyme)
 1999: Close watch: An Introduction to John Cale (compilation)
 2003: HoboSapiens
 2005: Process
 2005: BlackAcetate
 2007: Circus Live (Triple CD Live)
 2011: Extra playful (maxi) 
 2012: Shifty Adventures in Nookie Wood
 2016: M:FANS
 2023: Mercy

Musica de film 
 2000: Love Me de Laetitia Masson
 2000: Saint-Cyr de Patricia Mazuy
 2011: Un été brûlant de Philippe Garrel
 2013: La Jalousie de Philippe Garrel

Collaborationes 
 1967: Chelsea Girl, Nico: coproductor, compositor
 1969: The Marble Index, Nico: productor, arrangiator, musico
 1969: The Stooges, Iggy Pop & The Stooges: productor
 1971: The Church of Anthrax, Terry Riley: productor, musico, coautor, cocompositor
 1971: Desertshore, Nico: productor, arrangiator, musico
 1974: June 1, 1974 (live), Kevin Ayers, Brian Eno e Nico
 1974: The End, Nico: productor, arrangiator, musico
 1975: Horses, Patti Smith: productor
 1976: The Modern Lovers, The Modern Lovers: productor
 1978: Re Bop, Marie et les garçons: productor
 1981: Drama of Exile, Nico: productor, arrangiator, musico
 1987: Squirrel and G-Man Twenty Four Hour Party People Plastic Face Carnt Smile (White Out), Happy Mondays: productor
 1990: Songs for Drella, Lou Reed (tributo a Andy Warhol): cantator, musico, compositor, autor
 1990: Wrong Way Up, Brian Eno: arrangiator, musico, compositor, e autor
 1991: Les Nouvelles Polyphonies corses: pianista super le canto Nanna
 1991: Louise Féron, Louise Féron: productor
 1994: Last Day on Earth, Bob Neuwirth: productor, cantator, musico, compositor, autor
 1995: The Rapture, Siouxsie and the Banshees: productor
 1996: In Paradisu, Les nouvelles polyphonies Corses: productor
 1996: Nostalgia, Ivan Kral: compositor
 2002: Positions, Trash Palace: cantator, musico, compositor, autor

Bibliographia

Complementos

Referentia bibliographic 
 Dictionnaire du rock, obra collective, casa editorial Robert Laffont, coll. « Bouquins », Paris, 2001, ISBN 2-221-08954-5

Ligamines externe 
  Sito official de John Cale
  Fear Is A Man's Best Friend

Referentias 

Gente gallese
Cantatores