Edwin Morgan
File agus aistritheoir Albanach ab ea Edwin George Morgan FRSE, OBE, (Glaschú, 27 Aibreán 1920 – Ibidem 17 Lúnasa 2010), ceangailte leis an Athbheochan Albanach san fhichiú haois. Tá Morgan aitheanta mar dhuine de na filí Albanacha is tábhachtaí. Sa bhliain 2004, ceapadh Morgan mar an chéad "Makar", nó an Príomh-Fhile Albanach.

Beatha agus gairm

Rugadh Morgan i nGlaschú agus tógadh sa Ghleann Ruadh é. Ba Phreispitéirigh iad a thuismitheoirí. Mar pháiste, ní raibh mórán leabhar sa teach, agus ní raibh sé ceangailte le haon dream liteartha ach oiread. Ach bhí sé aitheanta mar scoláire díograiseach ag an scoil. Chuir sé ina luí ar a thuismitheoirí airgead a thabhairt dó chun ballraíocht a bhaint amach i gcumainn éagsúla liteartha i nGlaschú. Dúirt sé gur 'taispeánadh' é The Faber Book of Modern Verse (1963) blianta tar éis sin.

Chuaigh Morgan go hOllscoil Ghlaschú i 1937. Ba san ollscoil a d'fhoghlaim sé an Fhraincis agus an Rúisis, fad is a d'fhoghlaim sé an Ghearmáinis agus an Iodáilis freisin, as a stuaim féin.  Briseadh isteach ar a chuid oideachais chun seirbhís a dhéanamh sa Dara Cogadh Domhanda mar dhiúltóir coinsiasach neamhchomhraiceach i gCór Liachta an Airm Ríoga. Bronnadh céim air i 1947 agus d'oibrigh sé mar léachtóir san ollscoil chéanna go dtí gur éirigh sé as an bpost i 1980.

Rinne Morgan cur síos ar a ghnéasacht den chéad uair i Nothing Not Giving Messages: Reflections on his Work and Life (1990) agus in agallamh le Crìsdean Mac 'Ille-Bhàin. Scríobh sé go leor dánta grá cáiliúla, Strawberries agus The Unspoken ina measc, gan inscne luaite leis an leannán iontu. Cúrsaí dlí a bhí i gceist ag an am leis seo, ach, freisin, aidhmeanna coitiantachta, mar a mhínigh sé in agallamh le Marshall Mac an Fhùcadair.  Ag oscailt an Ionaid LADT (Leispiach, Aerach, Déghnéasach agus Trasinscneach) Ghlaschú i 1995, léigh sé dán a scríobh sé go háirithe ar son na hócáide, agus thíolaic sé don ionad é mar bhronntanas.

I 2002, ceapadh mar phatrún Our Story Scotland é. Ag oscailt Pharlaimint na hAlban i nDún Éideann ar 9 Deireadh Fómhair 2004, léigh Liz Lochhead dán a scríobh Morgan go háirithe ar son na hócáide sin freisin. Tháinig sise i gcomharbas air mar an Príomh-Fhile Albanach in Eanáir 2011.

I ndeireadh a shaoil, fuair Morgan lucht léitheoireachta nua tar éis dó comhoibriú a dhéanamh leis an mbanna ceoil Albanach Idlewild ar an gclár The Remote Part. Ag deireadh an amhráin dheireanaigh, In Remote Part / Scottish Fiction, léigh sé an dán Scottish Fiction a bhí scríofa go háirithe don amhrán féin.

I 2007, thug sé dhá dhán don duanaire Ballads of the Book, agus scríobh mórán filí Albanacha dánta a bhí cóirithe le ceol ag ceoltóirí Albanacha. Ba iad na hamhráin le Morgan The Good Years agus The Weight of Years a sheinn Karine Polwart is Idlewild faoi seach. Thug Seamus Heaney urraim fhoirmiúil dó, mar chuid dá chuairt agus Heaney ina phríomhfhile Nobel.

Tugadh aire do Mhorgan i dteach cónaithe mar go bhfuil tinneas trom air.  D'fhoilsigh sé bailiúchán darb ainm Dreams and Other Nightmares in Aibreán 2010, míonna sula bhfuair sé bás, chun comóradh a dhéanamh ar a nóchadú breithlá.  

Roimh a bhás, ba é an marthanóir deireanach den Seachtar Mór liteartha (ina measc, Aodh MacDiarmaid, Rabairt Garbhach, Tormod MacThaoidhg, Iain Mac a' Ghobhainn, Deòrsa Mac Iain Deòrsa is Somhairle MacGill-Eain).

Ar 17 Lúnasa 2010, fuair Edwin Morgan bás leis an niúmóine. Bhí sé nócha bliain d'aois. Scaoil Leabharlann Filíochta na hAlban an nuacht ar maidin. Thug polaiteoirí mar Alex Salmond agus Iain Gray ómós dó, chomh maith le Carole Ann Ní Dhubhthaigh, Príomh-Fhile na Ríochta Aontaithe.

Filíocht

D'aistrigh sé ó go leor teanga eile freisin, ina measc an Rúisis, an Ungáiris, an Fhraincis, an Iodáilis, Laidin, an Spáinnis, an Phortaingéilis, an Ghearmáinis, agus Sean-Bhéarla (Béowulf). Bhí go leor acu cruinnithe i  Rites of Passage: Selected Translations (1976). Is é a aistriúchán ar Beowulf an t-aistriúchán is coitianta i Meiriceá.

Bhí tionchar mór ag na filí Meiriceánacha beat ar Mhorgan, lena meon agus a gcaint shimplí oscailte mar chomhartha ina chuid oibre. Ba i 1968 a scríobh sé dán darb ainm Starlings In George Square. Léadh an dán mar thrácht ar an drogall a bhí ar an bpobal i dtaobh imeascadh na ndaoine as tíortha thar lear. Ar an lámh eile, chonaic daoine eile tagairt do Réabhlóid na Rúise agus tagairt do Stalin sna Starlings.

Tagairtí

Leabhair 

 Dies Irae, 1952 - first published in Poems of Thirty Years, Carcanet New Press, 1982
 Beowulf: A Verse Translation into Modern English, Hand and Flower Press, 1952
 The Vision of Cathkin Braes and Other Poems, William MacLellan, 1952
 The Cape of Good Hope (limited edition), Pound Press, 1955
 Poems from Eugenio Montale (translator), School of Art, University of Reading, 1959
 Sovpoems: Brecht, Neruda, Pasternak, Tsvetayeva, Mayakovsky, Martynov, Yevtushenko   (translator)   Migrant Press, 1961
 Collins Albatross Book of Longer Poems   (editor)   Collins, 1963
 Starryveldt   Eugen Gomringer Press, 1965
 Emergent Poems   Hansjörg Mayer, 1967
 Gnomes   Akros publications, 1968
 The Second Life   Edinburgh University Press, 1968
 Selected Poems of Sándor Weöres and Selected Poems of Ferenc Juhász   (translator and introduction for Sándor Weöres)   Penguin, 1970
 The Horseman's Word: Concrete Poems   Akros, 1970
 Twelve Songs   Castlelaw Press, 1970
 Glasgow Sonnets   Castlelaw Press, 1972
 Instamatic Poems   Ian McKelvie, 1972
 Wi the haill voice: 25 poems by Vladimir Mayakovsky   (translator and glossary)   Carcanet, 1972
 From Glasgow to Saturn   Carcanet, 1973
 Nuspeak8: Being a Visual Poem by Edwin Morgan   Scottish Arts Council, 1973
 The Whittrick: a Poem in Eight Dialogues   Akros, 1973
 Essays   Carcanet, 1974
 Fifty Renascence Love-Poems   (translator)   Whiteknights Press, 1975
 Rites of Passage   (translator), 1976
 Edwin Morgan: an interview by Marshall Walker   Akros, 1977
 The New Divan, 1977
 Selected poems by August Graf von Platen-Hallermünde   (translator)   Castlelaw Press, 1978
 Star Gate: Science Fiction Poems ,Third Eye Centre, 1979
 Scottish Satirical Verse   (compiler)  Carcanet, 1980
 Grendel   Mariscat, 1982
 Poems of Thirty Years, Carcanet New Press, 1982
 The Apple-Tree   (modern version of a medieval Dutch play)   Third Eye Centre, 1982
 Grafts   Mariscat, 1983
 Sonnets from Scotland   Mariscat, 1984
 Selected Poems, 1985
 From the Video Box   Mariscat, 1986
 Newspoems   Wacy, 1987
 Tales from Limerick Zoo   (illustrated by David Neilson)   Mariscat, 1988
 Themes on a Variation, 1988
 Collected Poems   (republished 1996 with index), 1990
 Crossing the Border: Essays on Scottish Literature, 1990
 Nothing Not Giving Messages: Reflections on his Work and Life   (edited by Hamish Whyte)   Polygon, 1990
 Hold Hands Among the Atoms: 70 Poems   Mariscat, 1991
 Edmond Rostand's Cyrano de Bergerac: A New Verse Translation   (translator), 1992
 Fragments by József Attila   (translator)   Morning Star Publications, 1992
 MacCaig, Morgan, Lochhead: Three Scottish Poets   (edited and introduced by Roderick Watson)   Canongate, 1992
 Cecilia Vicuña:PALABRARmas/WURDWAPPINschaw   Morning Star Publications, 1994
 Sweeping Out the Dark, 1994
 Long Poems – But How Long?   (W. D. Thomas Memorial Lecture)   University of Wales, Swansea, 1995
 Collected Translations, 1996
 St. Columba: The Maker on High   (translator)   Mariscat, 1997
 Virtual and Other Realities, 1997
 Chistopher Marlowe's Dr Faustus   (a new version)   Canongate, 1999
 Demon   Mariscat, 1999
 A.D.: A Trilogy of Plays on the Life of Jesus Carcanet, 2000
 Jean Racine: Phaedra   (translation of Phèdre), 2000 (Oxford-Weidenfeld Translation Prize)
 New Selected Poems, 2000
 Attila József: Sixty Poems   (translator)   Mariscat, 2001
 Cathures, 2002
 Love and a Life: 50 Poems by Edwin Morgan   Mariscat, 2003
 The Battle of Bannockburn   (translator)   SPL in association with Akros and Mariscat, 2004
 Tales from Baron Munchausen   Mariscat, 2005
 The Play of Gilgamesh, 2005
 Thirteen Ways of Looking at Rillie   Enitharmon, 2006
 A Book of Lives, 2007

Filí Albanacha
Daoine as Glaschú
Daoine a rugadh i 1920
Básanna in 2010