Muhammad al-Mahdi
Muḥammad bn al-Ḥasan al-Mahdi (Larabci: محمد بن الحسن المهدي) Shi'a 'yan-sha-biyu sun yi imani da cewa shi ne na karshen Imamai goma sha biyu kuma Mahdi mai fa'ida, wanda zai fito a karshen zamani don tabbatar da aminci da adalci da kuma fanshi. Musulunci.
Hasan al-Askari, Imami na goma sha daya, ya rasu a shekara ta 260 bayan hijira (873-874 miladiyya) , watakila Abbasiyawa ne suka sanya masa guba. Nan take bayan rasuwarsa babban wakilinsa Uthman bn Sa’id ya yi da’awar cewa Imami na sha daya yana da wani jariri mai suna Muhammad wanda aka boye shi ga jama’a saboda tsoron fitinar Abbasiyawa. . Uthman ya kuma yi ikirarin cewa shi ne yake wakilta Muhammad, wanda ya shiga wani hali na fakuwa. Sauran wakilan al-Askari na cikin gida sun goyi bayan wadannan ikirari, yayin da al'ummar Shi'a suka rabu zuwa kungiyoyi da dama saboda al-Askari ya gaje shi. Duk da haka, an ce duk wadannan mazhabobi sun bace ne bayan wasu ‘yan shekaru in ban da ‘yan-sha-biyu, wadanda suka yarda da dan al-Askari a matsayin Imami na goma sha biyu kuma na karshe a fakuwa.

Uthman ya biyo bayan wasu wakilai uku, wadanda aka fi sani da Wakilai Hudu, wadanda al’ummar ‘yan-sha-biyu ke daukarsu a matsayin wakilan Muhammad al-Mahdi. Wannan lokacin, daga baya ana kiransa Ƙananan Fakuwa, ya ƙare bayan kimanin shekaru saba'in tare da mutuwar wakili na huɗu, Abu al-Hasan al-Samarri (d. 940-41). An ce ya samu wasika daga Muhammad al-Mahdi jim kadan kafin rasuwarsa. Wasikar ta yi hasashen mutuwar Abu al-Hasan a cikin kwanaki shida kuma ta sanar da fara gamayyar fakuwar, wanda daga baya ake kira babbar gakuwa, wanda ke ci gaba da wanzuwa har yau. Wasikar, wacce aka danganta ga Muhammad al-Mahdi, ta kara da cewa fakuwar za ta ci gaba har sai Allah ya ba shi izinin sake bayyana kansa a lokacin da duniya za ta cika da zalunci .

Lakabi
Abu al-Qasim Muhammad ibn Hasan al-Askari, mai ceton eschatological a cikin Islama goma sha biyu, sananne ne da lakabi da yawa, ciki har da al-Mahdi (lit. 'Shiryuwa'), al-Qa'im (lit.  'wanda zai yi tashi'), al-Montazar (lit.  'wanda ake jira'), Saheb al-Zaman (lit. 'ubangijin zamani'), al-Gha'ib (lit.boyayyen'), al-Hojja/Hojjat Allah (lit. "Hujjar [Allah]'), Sahib al-Amr (lit. "Ubangijin dalili'), Sahib al-Haqq (lit. "Ubangijin gaskiya"), Baqiyat Allah (lit. saura daga Allah).

Lakabin al-Qa'im yana nufin bullowar azzalumai,[3] ko da yake wani hadisi wahid (lit. 'olone') daga Imamin Shi'a na shida, Ja'afar al-Sadiq, ya danganta wannan take da tashin al-Qa'ida. bayan mutuwarsa. A matsayin hadisin wahid, wannan rahoto ba masana suna kallonsa a matsayin abin dogaro ba, in ji Majlesi ta Shi’a (d.1699), musamman saboda ya saba wa akidar ‘yan-sha-biyu na cewa kasa ba za ta gushe ba daga Imam a kowane lokaci, kamar yadda hujjar Allah (littattafai).tabbacin Allah') a duniya. Majlesi ya kuma yi nuni da cewa kila ana nufin mutuwa ta alama ce a cikin wannan hadisi, yana nufin tunawa da al-Qa'im da aka manta bayan da ya dade yana fakuwa.

Tarihi
Har zuwa rasuwarsu, Imaman Shi'a na goma da goma sha daya (Ali al-Hadi da Hasan al-Askari, bi da bi) suna karkashin kulawa ta musamman a garin Samarra da 'yan Abbasiyawa suka yi, tushen gubar Imamai biyu . Imaman biyu sun shaida irin tabarbarewar halifancin Abbasiyya yayin da hukumar daular ta yi saurin rikidewa zuwa hannun Turkawa musamman bayan al-Mutawakkil .
A zamanin Imam na goma, Abbasid al-Mutawakkil ya tuhumi Shi'a da karfi, saboda sabon adawar Zaidi. Daga baya kuma dansa al-Mu’tamid ya karvi manufofin al-Mutawakkil a kan Imami na goma, wanda aka ruwaito cewa ya tsare Imami na sha daya a gida ba tare da wani bako ba. Maimakon haka, an san al-Askari ya kasance yana tattaunawa da mabiyansa ta hanyar hanyar sadarwar wakilai. Daga cikinsu akwai Uthman bn Sa’id wanda aka ce ya rikiɗe ya zama mai sayar da kitse don guje wa wakilan Abbasiyawa, don haka ake yi masa lakabi da al-Samman .

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