Rairayin Kasa
Rairayin kasa wato (dune a turance) wani tsarin kasa ne wanda ya ƙunshi yashi wanda iska ko ruwa ya dauko ya ajiye. Yawanci yana ɗaukar siffar tudun ruwa, tudu, ko hawa. Yankin da ke da dunes ana kiransa tsarin dune ko dune complex.  Ana kiran babban hadadden dune filin dune,  yayin da faffadan, lalatattun yankuna da aka rufe da yashi mai goge iska ko dunes tare da tsiro ko babu ciyawa ana kiranta ergs ko rairayin yashi. Rairayin kasa wato dunes suna faruwa a cikin sifofi da girma dabam -dabam, amma yawancin nau'ikan dunes sun fi tsayi a gefen turba (sama), inda ake tura yashi sama da dune, kuma yana da gajeriyar fuska a cikin lee. gefe.  Kwarin ko kwandon da ke tsakanin dunes ana kiransa rairayi mai rauni.

Kirkira 
Bambancin madaidaicin duniya bai wanzu tsakanin ripples, dunes, da draa,  waɗanda duk ajiya ce ta nau'ikan kayan. Gabaɗaya an bayyana dunes sama da 7 cm tsayi kuma yana iya samun ripsles, yayin da ripples adibas ne waɗanda ba su wuce 3 ba cm tsayi.  Draa babban yanki ne na eolian, wanda ke da tsawon kilomita da yawa da tsayin dubunna zuwa ɗaruruwan mita, wanda kuma yana iya mamaye raurayin kasa. an yi su da ƙananan yashi, kuma yana iya ƙunsar ma'adini, carbonate carbonate, dusar ƙanƙara, gypsum, ko wasu kayan. Haɗin sama/sama/sama na dune ana kiransa ɓangaren stoss; gefen da ke saukowa ana kiransa gefen lee. Ana tura yashi (creep) ko bounces ( gishiri ) a gefen gefen, ya zame ƙasa. Wani gefen ramin da yashi ya zame kasa ana kiransa fuskar zamewa (ko zamewa).

Manazarta