Greenland ice core project
Aikin Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP) wani aikin bincike ne da aka shirya ta Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Turai (ESF).  Aikin ya gudana daga 1989 zuwa 1995, tare da lokutan hakowa daga 1990 zuwa 1992.  A cikin 1988, an karɓi aikin azaman shirin haɗin gwiwar ESF, kuma a lokacin rani na 1989, an fara aikin filin a Greenland . 

GRIP da nufin tattarawa da bincikar ƙanƙara mai tsayin mita 3000 da aka haƙa a koli na kankara na Greenland, wanda kuma aka sani da Summit Camp .  Gilashin kankara na Greenland ya ƙunshi fiye da kashi 90% na jimlar kankara da ƙanƙara mai dusar ƙanƙara a wajen Antarctica .

Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Cibiyar Kimiya ta Jami'ar Bern, wanda Farfesa Bernhard Stauffer ya jagoranta ne ya gudanar da aikin.  Tallafin ya fito ne daga ƙasashe takwas na Turai ( Belgium, Denmark, Faransa, Jamus, Iceland, Italiya, Switzerland, da Ingila ) da kuma daga Tarayyar Turai .   Nazarin isotopes na nukiliya da nau'o'in yanayi daban-daban da aka samar da su sun ba da damar ƙungiyar ta gina cikakkun bayanan sauyin yanayi. Bayanan sun shafi shekaru 100,000 na ƙarshe.

Fage 
Asara mai tarin yawa na kankara ta Greenland na dada karuwa saboda illolin sauyin yanayi da ayyukan mutane ke haifarwa.  An yi hasashen cewa ruwan tekun zai tashi da kusan mita 7 idan duk kankarar ta narke.  Yawan hasara na zanen kankara da glaciers yana haifar da hawan teku, yana shafar raguwar albedo na ƙasa, kuma yana haifar da canje-canje a cikin kewayar teku. Haka nan kuma raguwar kankarar teku tana shafar yanayi da muhallin duniya; Yunƙurin ruwan teku saboda narkar da dusar ƙanƙara zai sa mutane ba za su iya rayuwa a yankunan bakin teku ba.  Saboda rashin tsofaffin wuraren adana kayan tarihi na ƙasa, yawancin tarihin takardar kankara a Greenland yana dogara ne akan bayanan kai tsaye, tare da ƴan bayanan kai tsaye.  Duk da haka, bisa ga ƙayyadaddun bayanai na paleoclimate, an nuna cewa adadin kankara a Greenland ya canza sosai a tsawon lokaci, yana nuna cewa canjin girman ya faru ne saboda dalilai daban-daban na muhalli na jiki.  Mafi kyawun ƙiyasin idan aka yi la'akari da bayanan paleoclimate shine cewa takardar kankara na Greenland za a iya ragewa sosai ta 'yan digiri na karuwa a cikin mummunan tasirin sauyin yanayi, wanda ke haifar da asarar kankara.  Takardar bincike ta 2020 ta nuna cewa narkewar takardar kankara da ke rufe Greenland zai yi saurin saurin narkewa fiye da yadda aka yi annabta a baya.

Sakamako da binciken 

Nazarin isotopes na nukiliya da nau'ikan yanayi daban-daban suna ba da cikakkun bayanai game da sauyin yanayi sama da shekaru 100,000 da suka gabata. Daga sakamakon bincike na isotope isotope oxygen na GRIP core da aka tono a cikin 1992, ya bayyana a fili cewa a cikin Greenland, canjin yanayi ba zato ba tsammani ya faru a lokacin glacial na ƙarshe. Wannan ya faru fiye da sau 20. Bugu da ƙari, ya bayyana a fili cewa duka lokutan dumi da sanyi an maimaita su a madadin. Kusa da kasan tushen GRIP, isotope isotope na iskar oxygen ya canza sosai, da farko an fassara shi azaman sauyin yanayi mai maimaita tashin hankali a lokacin tsaka-tsaki na ƙarshe a Greenland.

Dabaru 
GRIP ta yi nasarar hako kankara mai tsayin mita 3029 zuwa gadon kankara na Greenland a taron koli daga 1989 zuwa 1992 a

Nazarin isotopes da nau'o'in yanayi daban-daban a cikin ainihin sun bayyana cikakken rikodin canjin yanayi wanda ya kai fiye da shekaru 100,000 a baya. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa yanayin Holocene ya kasance da kwanciyar hankali sosai kuma ya tabbatar da faruwar saurin sauyin yanayi a lokacin ƙanƙara na ƙarshe ( Wisconsin ). Bambance-bambancen Delta-O-18 da aka lura a cikin ainihin ɓangaren da aka yi imani zuwa yau daga matakin Eemiyan ba a tabbatar da su ta wasu bayanan ba  gami da ainihin NGRIP kuma yanzu an yi imanin ba wakiltar al'amuran yanayi ba: yanayin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin matakin Emian ya bayyana. sun kasance masu tsayayye kamar Holocene.

Mafi mahimmanci, an yi amfani da nau'o' su a cikin aikin, kuma daya daga cikin bambance-bambancen shine zurfin da za su iya hakowa zuwa.

Hannu auger 
Auger hannun yana da nauyin 80 kg kuma ana iya sarrafa shi ta hanyar aiki guda ɗaya, kuma yana da amfani don tattara abubuwan kankara mai diamita na 74 mm daga saman 10 m na hular kankara.

rawar jiki mai zurfi 

Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba