Brazil
Brazil, bisa hukuma Jamhuriyar Tarayya ta Brazil, ita ce babbar ƙasa a Kudancin Amurka da yankin Latin Amurka, ta kasance ta biyar mafi girma a duniya a cikin yanki (daidai da 47.3% na yankin Kudancin Amurka), tare da 8 510 345,538 km² kuma ta shida a yawan jama'a (tare da fiye da mutane miliyan 213). Ita kaɗai ce ƙasar Amurka inda ake magana da yawancin yaren Portugal, kuma mafi girma a ƙasar da ake magana da harshen Portugal a doron ƙasa, ban da kasance warta ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe masu al'adu daban-daban, saboda ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaura daga sassa daban-daban na duniya. Tsarin mulkinta na yanzu, wanda aka kafa shi a shekarata alif 1988, yana ganin Brazil a matsayin jamhuriyyar shugaban ƙasa na tarayya, wanda ƙungiyar jihohi guda 26, Gundumar Tarayya da ƙananan hukumomi dubu biyar da Dari biyar da saba’in (5,570)da aka kafa.

 An yi wa Tekun Atlantika wanka, Brazil tana da gabar teku mai nisan kilomita dubu bakwai da faru Hudu da chasa’in da daya (7,491) tana iyaka da duk sauran ƙasashen Amurka ta Kudu, ban da Chile da Ecuador, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname da sashen Faransa na ketare na Faransa Guiana; arewa maso yamma ta Kolombiya; zuwa yamma ta Bolivia da Peru; zuwa kudu maso yamma ta Argentina da Paraguay sannan ta kudu ta Uruguay. Yawancin tsibirai sun zama wani ɓangare na yankin Brazil, kamar Atol das Rocas, Tsibirin São Pedro da São Paulo, Fernando de Noronha (wanda farar hula ke zaune kawai) da Trindade da Martim Vaz. Brazil ma gida ce ga dabbobin daji iri -iri, muhallin halittu da albarkatun kasa masu yawa a fannoni masu yawa na kariya. Portugal ɗin ya gano yankin da a halin yanzu ya kafa Brazil a hukumance a ranar 22 ga Afrilu, 1500, a cikin balaguron da Pedro Álvares Cabral ya jagoranta. A cewar wasu masana tarihi kuma kamar Antonio de Herrera da Pietro d'Anghiera, taron yankin zai kasance watanni uku da suka gabata, a ranar 26 ga Janairu, ta jirgin ruwa na Ispaniya Vicente Yáñez Pinzón, yayin balaguro a ƙarƙashin umurninsa. Yankin, sannan 'yan asalin ƙasar Amerindian da ke rarrabu tsakanin dubban ƙabilu da harsuna daban -daban, yana ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar Tordesillas ta Portugal, kuma ya zama mulkin mallaka na Daular Portugal.

 Haɗin haɗin mulkin mallaka ya karye, a zahiri, lokacin da a cikin 1808 aka canza babban birnin masarautar daga Lisbon zuwa birnin Rio de Janeiro, bayan sojojin Faransa da Napoleon Bonaparte suka ba da umarnin mamaye yankin Portugal. A cikin 1815, Brazil ta zama wani yanki na haɗin gwiwa tare da Portugal. Dom Pedro I, sarki na farko, ya shelanta samun 'yancin siyasa na kasar a shekarar 1822. Da farko ya kasance mai cin gashin kansa a matsayin masarauta, a lokacin mulkin masarautar tsarin mulki ne na majalisa, Brazil ta zama jamhuriya a 1889, saboda juyin mulkin soji wanda Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca (shugaban farko), kodayake majalisar dokoki ta bicameral, wanda yanzu ake kira Babban Taron Ƙasa, ya wanzu tun bayan tabbatar da Tsarin Mulki na farko a 1824. Tun farkon lokacin jamhuriya, mulkin dimokuraɗiyya ya katse ta tsawon lokaci na gwamnatoci masu iko, har zuwa zababbiyar gwamnatin farar hula kuma ta demokradiyya ta karbi mulki a shekarar 1985, tare da kawo karshen mulkin kama -karya na sojoji.

GDP na Brazil na GDP shine na goma sha biyu mafi girma a duniya kuma na takwas ta hanyar siyan madaidaicin iko a 2020. Ƙasar tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan kwandunan burodi a duniya, kasancewar ita ce babbar masana'antar kofi a cikin shekaru 150 da suka gabata. Bankin Duniya da sabuwar kasa ta masana'antu, wanda ke da kaso mafi tsoka na arzikin duniya a Kudancin Amurka. Har ila yau, an rarrabe shi azaman ikon duniya mai tasowa kuma a matsayin mai ƙarfin iko ta manazarta da yawa. Duk da haka, har yanzu ƙasar tana riƙe da matakan cin hanci da rashawa, laifuka da rashin daidaiton zamantakewa. Memba ne wanda ya kafa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, G20, BRICS, Community of Portuguese Language Countries, Latin Union, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States, Southern Common Market and Union of South American Nations.

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