Grand Canyon
Grand Canyon (Hopi,  Yavapai, Navajo,   Yaren Kudancin Paiute: Paxa'uipi,  Spanish) wani canyon mai gangare  wanda kogin Colorado ya sassaka a Arizona, Amurka. Grand Canyon yana da  tsawo, har zuwa  fadi kuma ya kai zurfin sama da mil (  ).  

Kogin da  gefen yana ƙunshe a cikin Grand Canyon National Park, Gandun daji na Kaibab, Grand Canyon–Parashant National Monument, Hualapai Indian Reservation, da Havasupai Indian Reservation da Navajo Nation. Shugaba Theodore Roosevelt ya kasance babban mai goyon bayan kiyaye yankin Grand Canyon kuma ya ziyarce shi a lokuta da yawa don farauta da jin daɗin yanayin.

Kusan shekaru biliyan biyu na tarihin yanayin duniya an fallasa su yayin da kogin Colorado da magudanan ruwa suka yanke tashoshi ta hanyar Layer bayan dutsen dutse yayin da Dutsen Colorado ya daukaka.   Duk da yake wasu al'amura game da tarihin ƙaddamar da rafin suna muhawara ta masana ilimin geologists,   da dama na binciken kwanan nan sun goyi bayan ra'ayin cewa kogin Colorado ya kafa hanyarsa ta wurin kimanin shekaru 5 zuwa 6 da suka wuce.    Tun daga wannan lokacin, kogin Colorado ya kori raguwar raƙuman ruwa da ja da baya na tsaunuka, tare da zurfafawa da faɗaɗa kogin.

Tsawon shekaru dubbai, ’yan asalin ƙasar Amirka sun ci gaba da zama a yankin, waɗanda suka gina ƙauyuka a cikin kwarin da koguna da yawa. Mutanen Pueblo sun ɗauki Grand Canyon wuri mai tsarki, kuma sun yi pilgrimage a wurin.  Bature na farko da aka sani ya kalli Grand Canyon shine García López de Cárdenas daga Spain, wanda ya zo a 1540.

Geography 

Grand Canyon kwarin kogi ne a cikin Plateau na Colorado wanda ke fallasa abubuwan haɓaka Proterozoic da Paleozoic strata,  kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin sassa shida na physiographic na lardin Colorado Plateau.  Ko da yake ba shi ne mafi zurfi a cikin duniya ba (Kali Gandaki Gorge a Nepal ya fi zurfi  ), Grand Canyon an san shi da girman girmansa da girmansa mai ban sha'awa da ban mamaki. A fannin ilimin kasa, yana da mahimmanci saboda kauri jerin tsaffin duwatsu waɗanda aka adana da kyau da kuma fallasa su a bangon kwarin. Waɗannan matakan dutsen sun rubuta yawancin tarihin yanayin ƙasa na nahiyar Arewacin Amurka. 

Karfafa da ke da alaƙa da samuwar tsaunuka daga baya ya motsa waɗannan tsaunukan dubunnan ƙafa zuwa sama kuma suka haifar da Plateau na Colorado. Matsayi mafi girma ya kuma haifar da hazo mai girma a yankin magudanar ruwa na Kogin Colorado, amma bai isa ya canza yankin Grand Canyon daga zama ɗan bushewa ba.  Hawan Dutsen Colorado ba daidai ba ne, kuma Dutsen Kaibab da Grand Canyon ya yi bisects ya wuce  mafi girma a Arewa Rim fiye da Kudu Rim. Kusan dukkanin kwararar ruwa daga Arewacin Rim (wanda kuma ke samun karin ruwan sama da dusar ƙanƙara) yana gudana zuwa ga Grand Canyon, yayin da yawancin ruwan da ke kan tudu da ke bayan Kudancin Rim yana gudana daga kogin (bayan karkatar gaba ɗaya).  Sakamakon ya fi zurfi da tsayin wankin tributary da kwaruruka a gefen arewa da gajere kuma mafi tsayi a gefen kudu.  

Yanayin zafi a Arewacin Rim gabaɗaya ya fi na Kudancin Rim saboda girman girma (matsakaicin  sama da matakin teku).  Ana yawan samun ruwan sama kamar da bakin kwarya a duk tsawon watannin bazara. Samun damar zuwa Rim ta Arewa ta hanyar farko da za ta kai ga rafin ( Hanyar Jiha ta 67 ) tana da iyaka a lokacin hunturu saboda ana rufe hanyoyin.

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