Ilinois
Illinois (/ ˌɪləˈnɔɪ / (Game da wannan waƙar sautin) IL-ə-NOY) jiha ce a yankin Midwest na Amurka. Tana da ƙasa mafi girma ta biyar (GDP), na shida mafi yawan jama'a, da kuma yanki na 25 mafi girma na duk jihohin Amurka. An lura da Illinois a matsayin matsakaiciyar kwayar halittar Amurka baki daya. Tare da Chicago a arewa maso gabashin Illinois, ƙananan biranen masana'antu da ƙarancin albarkatun noma a arewa da tsakiyar jihar, da albarkatun ƙasa kamar kwal, katako, da man fetur a kudanci, Illinois tana da tushen tattalin arziki daban-daban, kuma babbar matattarar sufuri ce. Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Chicago ta haɗu da jihar zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa ta duniya ta manyan hanyoyi biyu: daga Manyan Tafkuna, ta hanyar Saint Lawrence Seaway, zuwa Tekun Atlantika kuma daga Manyan Lakes zuwa Kogin Mississippi, ta Kogin Illinois, ta hanyar Kogin Illinois. Kogin Mississippi, da Kogin Ohio, da Kogin Wabash sune sassan iyakokin Illinois. Shekaru da dama, Filin jirgin saman O'Hare na Chicago yana cikin ɗaya daga cikin filayen tashin jirage mafi birgewa a duniya. Illinois ta daɗe tana da suna a matsayin mai kararrawa a fagen zamantakewa da al'adu  kuma, a cikin 1980s, a siyasa Babban birnin Illinois shine Springfield, wanda ke tsakiyar yankin. Kodayake a yau babbar cibiyar yawan jama’ar Illinois ita ce arewa maso gabashinta, amma yawan mutanen Turai ya fara girma a yamma yayin da Faransawa suka zaunar da su kusa da Kogin Mississippi, lokacin da aka san yankin da Illinoisasar Illinois kuma ya kasance wani ɓangare na Sabuwar Faransa. Bayan Yaƙin Juyin Juya Hali na Amurka, baƙi Ba'amurke sun fara zuwa daga Kentucky a cikin 1780s ta Kogin Ohio, kuma yawan mutanen ya girma daga kudu zuwa arewa. A cikin 1818, Illinois ta sami matsayin ƙasa. Bayan karuwar ayyukan kasuwanci a cikin Manyan Tafkuna bayan gina Hanyar Erie, an sanya garin Chicago a cikin 1830 a bankunan Kogin Chicago a daya daga cikin 'yan tsirarun mashigai na kasa da ke kudancin tafkin Michigan. [8] Kirkirar John Deere na narkar da kayan karafa na karafa ya mayar da wadatacciyar gonar ta Illinois zuwa wasu manya-manyan filayen noma na duniya, yana jan hankalin manoma bakin haure daga Jamus da Sweden. Kogin Illinois da Michigan (1848) sun yi zirga-zirga tsakanin Manyan Tabkuna da Kogin Mississippi cikin sauri da rahusa, kuma sabbin hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa sun ɗauki baƙi zuwa sababbin gidaje a yammacin ƙasar kuma sun tura amfanin gona zuwa gabashin ƙasar. Jihar ta zama matattarar sufuri ga al'umma. 

Zuwa 1900, ci gaban ayyukan masana'antu a cikin garuruwan arewa da hakar kwal a cikin yankunan tsakiya da kudanci ya jawo baƙi daga Gabas da Kudancin Turai. Illinois ta kasance muhimmiyar cibiyar masana'antu yayin yakin duniya biyu. Babban Hijira daga Kudancin ya kafa babban taron jama'ar Ba'amurke 'yan Afirka a cikin jihar, gami da Chicago, wadanda suka kafa shahararrun jazz da al'adun birni. Birnin Chicago, wanda ke tsakiyar yankin Metropolitan na Chicago, yanzu an san shi a matsayin birni na duniya. Chicagoland, yankin babban birnin Chicago, ya ƙunshi kusan 65% na yawan jama'ar jihar. Yankunan da suka fi yawan jama'a a wajen yankin Chicago sun hada da, Metro East (na Greater St. Louis), Peoria da Rockford.
 
 An zabi shugabannin Amurka uku yayin da suke zaune a Illinois: Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, da Barack Obama. Bugu da kari, Ronald Reagan, wanda aikin siyasan sa ya kasance a California, an haife shi kuma ya girma a cikin jihar. A yau, Illinois na girmama Lincoln tare da taken ƙasarta na yau da kullun Land of Lincoln, wanda aka nuna a kan lambar lasisinsa tun daga 1954.Jihar ita ce wurin da dakin karatun Shugaban Kasa na Abraham Lincoln da Gidan adana kayan tarihi a Springfield da kuma gida na nan gaba na Cibiyar Shugabancin Barack Obama a Chicago.
Bayanin Lantarki

Duba kuma: Illinoisungiyoyin Illinois da Jerin ƙananan hukumomi a cikin Illinois
"Illinois" ita ce rubutun zamani ga mishan mishan Katolika na mishan na farko da sunan masu bincike don Nan asalin Amurka na Illinois, sunan da aka rubuta ta hanyoyi daban-daban a cikin bayanan farko. Masanan Amurka a baya suna tunanin sunan "Illinois" na nufin "mutum" ko "maza" a cikin yaren Miami-Illinois, tare da asalin iliniwek da aka canza ta hanyar Faransanci zuwa Illinois. Wannan yaren ilimin ba ya da tallafi daga yaren Illinois, [ana buƙatar] kamar yadda kalmar “mutum” ita ce ireniwa, kuma jam’in “mutum” ireniwaki ne. Sunan Illiniwek an kuma ce yana nufin "ƙabilar mazan mutane", wanda yake shi ne asalin asalin ƙarya. Sunan "Illinois" ya samo asali ne daga fi'ilin Miami-Illinois irenwe · wa "yana magana ne ta hanyar yau da kullun". Wannan an ɗauke shi zuwa yaren Ojibwe, wataƙila a yaren Ottawa, kuma an canza shi zuwa ilinwe · (an haɗa shi da ilinwe · k). Faransanci sun ari waɗannan nau'ikan, suna rubuta  mun ƙare da -ois, fassarar wannan sautin a cikin Faransanci na wancan lokacin. Halin rubutun yanzu, Illinois, ya fara bayyana a farkon shekarun 1670, lokacin da turawan Faransa yan mulkin mallaka suka zauna a yankin yamma. Sunan Illinois na kansu, kamar yadda aka tabbatar a cikin duka uku kamus na mishan na Faransawan-lokaci na Illinois, shi ne Inoka, wanda ba a san ma'anar sa ba kuma ba shi da alaƙa da sauran sharuɗɗan.

Tarihi Babban labarin

Tarihin Illinois

Tarihin kasa

Babban labarin: Geology na Illinois A farkon farkon zamanin Paleozoic Era, yankin da wata rana zai zama Illinois an nutsar da shi a ƙarƙashin wani babban teku mai zurfi kuma yana kusa da Equator. Rayuwar ruwa daban daban ta rayu a wannan lokacin, gami da trilobites, brachiopods, da crinoids. Canza yanayin muhalli ya haifar da samuwar manyan gulbin kwal a cikin Carboniferous. Illinois ya kasance sama da matakin teku don aƙalla ɓangare na Mesozoic, amma a ƙarshensa ya sake nutsar da tekun cikin gida na Yammacin Yamma. Wannan ya dawo da shi ta hanyar Eocene Epoch. A lokacin Pleistocene Epoch, manyan shimfiɗar kankara sun mamaye yawancin Illinois, tare da yankin Driftless ne kawai ya rage. Wadannan kankarar sun sassaka kwarin tafkin Michigan kuma suka bar baya da alamun tsoffin tafkuna masu ruwa da ruwa.

Pre-Turai 

Misis ɗin tagulla na Mississippian da aka samo a Saddle Site a Union County, Illinois
Indiyawan Ba'amurke na al'adun da suka biyo baya sun rayu tare da hanyoyin ruwa na yankin Illinois na dubunnan shekaru kafin zuwan Turawa. An tono Shafin Koster kuma yana nuna shekaru 7,000 na cigaba da zama. Cahokia, babban birni mafi girma da kuma Babban birni na al'adun gargajiya na Pre-Columbian Mississippian, yana kusa da Collinsville na yanzu, Illinois. Sun gina katafaren birni sama da dandamali sama da 100 da tudun kabari, fili mai girman kadada 50 (20 ha) wanda ya fi filayen kwallon kafa 35, da katako na itacen al'ul na alfarma, duk a cikin tsari wanda aka tsara wanda yake nuna al'adun gargajiya. Monks Mound, tsakiyar shafin, shine mafi girman tsarin Pre-Columbian a arewacin kwarin Mexico. Yana da ƙafa 100 (30 m) tsayi, ƙafa 951 (290 m) tsayi, ƙafa 836 (255 m) fadi, kuma ya rufe kadada 13.8 (ha 5.6). Ya kunshi kusan yadi kamu dubu 814,000 (622,000 m3) na duniya. An shimfiɗa shi da wani tsari da ake tsammani ya auna kusan ƙafa 105 (tsawon 32) da ƙafa 48  a faɗi, ya rufe yanki mai murabba'in ƙafa 5,000 (460 m2), kuma ya kai tsawon ƙafa 50 (15 m ) babba, yana yin ƙwanƙolin ƙafa 150 (mita 46) sama da matakin filin wasa. Kayan kwalliyar da kayan aikin da masu binciken kayan tarihi suka gano a Cahokia sun hada da manyan kayan aiki, kayan aikin da aka sassaka, da kwalliya da zane-zanen tagulla da na mica, da kuma bargon jana'iza don wani muhimmin shugaba wanda aka kera shi daga beads 20,000. Wadannan kayan tarihi sun nuna cewa da gaske Cahokia birni ne na gari, tare da wadatattun gidaje, kasuwanni, da kwararru a fannin kera kayan aiki, sutturar suttura, tukwane, yin kayan kwalliya, zanen harsashi, saka da yin gishiri.Wayewa ya ɓace a ƙarni na 15 saboda dalilan da ba a sani ba, amma masana tarihi da masana kimiyyar kayan tarihi sun yi tunanin cewa mutane sun rage yankin albarkatu. Yawancin kabilu 'yan asalin sun shiga yaƙe-yaƙe. A cewar Suzanne Austin Alchon, "A wani wuri a tsakiyar kwarin Illinois, kashi daya bisa uku na dukkan manya sun mutu sakamakon mummunan rauni. Babban iko na gaba a yankin shi ne Confungiyar ta Illinois ko Illini, wani ɗan siyasa kawance. Kamar yadda Illini ya ƙi a lokacin Beaver Wars zamanin, membobin Algonquian masu magana da Potawatomi, Miami, Sauk, da sauran kabilu gami da Fox (Mesquakie), Ioway, Kickapoo, Mascouten, Piankashaw, Shawnee, Wea, da Winnebago (Ho-Chunk ) ya shigo yankin daga gabas da arewa kusa da Manyan Tabkuna.

Binciken Turai da sasantawa kafin 1800
Babban labarai: New France; Louisiana (Sabuwar Faransa); Kanada (Sabuwar Faransa); Kasar Illinois; Yaƙin Faransa da Indiya; Yarjejeniyar Faris (1763); Lardin Quebec (1763-1791); Asusun Indiya (1763); Yaƙin Juyin Juya Hali na Amurka; Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Yammacin Yakin Juyin Juya Hali na Amurka; Yankin Illinois, Virginia; Yarjejeniyar Faris (1783); Dokar Arewa maso Yamma; da Yankin Arewa maso Yamma

Illinois a cikin 1718, kusan yanayin yanki na zamani da aka haskaka, daga Carte de la Louisiane et du cours du Mississipi na Guillaume de L'Isle Masu binciken Faransawa Jacques Marquette da Louis Jolliet sun bincika Kogin Illinois a 1673. Marquette ba da daɗewa ba bayan kafa manufa a Grand Village na Illinois a Illinoisasar Illinois. A shekarar 1680, masu binciken Faransawa karkashin René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle da Henri de Tonti sun gina katafaren gini a wurin Peoria ta yau, kuma a 1682, wani katafaren gini a kan Starved Rock a cikin Parked Rock State Park na yau. Canasar Canadiens ta Faransa sun zo kudu don zama musamman a gefen Kogin Mississippi, kuma Illinois wani ɓangare ne na Sabuwar Faransa ta farko, sannan ta La Louisiane har zuwa 1763, lokacin da ta wuce zuwa Birtaniyyawa tare da kayen da suka yi da Faransa a Yakin shekaru Bakwai. Ananan ƙauyukan Faransa sun ci gaba, kodayake Faransawa da yawa sun yi ƙaura yamma zuwa Ste. Genevieve da St. Louis, Missouri, don gujewa mulkin Burtaniya. An liƙa wasu soldiersan sojojin Burtaniya a cikin Illinois, amma fewan ƙauyuka na Burtaniya ko Amurkawa sun ƙaura zuwa can, kamar yadda Masarautar ta sanya shi wani yanki na yankin da aka keɓe wa Indiyawan yamma da Appalachians, sannan kuma wani yanki na Lardin Biritaniya na Quebec. A cikin 1778, George Rogers Clark ya yi iƙirarin County Illinois don Virginia. A cikin sulhu, Virginia (da sauran jihohin da suka yi ikirarin daban-daban) sun ba da yankin ga sabuwar Amurka a cikin 1780s kuma ta zama wani yanki na yankin Arewa maso Yamma, wanda gwamnatin tarayya ke gudanarwa sannan daga baya aka tsara shi a matsayin jihohi.

19th century

Main articles: Indiana Territory, Organic act § List of organic acts, Illinois Territory, Admission to the Union, and List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union

See also: History of Chicago and History of Nauvoo, Illinois

Kafin zama jihar

Kararrawar da King Louis XV ya bayar a cikin 1741 don aikin a Kaskaskia. Daga baya ana kiranta "erancin ofancin Yammacin Yamma", bayan an hau shi don murnar nasarar Amurka a cikin Juyin Juya Hali Kamfanin Illinois-Wabash ya kasance mai da'awar farko ga yawancin Illinois. An kirkiro Yankin Yankin Illinois a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, 1809, tare da babban birninta a Kaskaskia, mazaunin Faransa na farko. A yayin tattaunawar da ta kai ga shigar da Illinois zuwa Union, an gabatar da iyakar arewacin jihar sau biyu.  Abubuwan da aka tanadar na ƙa'idar Arewa maso Yamma sun ayyana wani iyaka wanda zai zama ya zama izuwa ƙarshen ƙarshen tafkin Michigan. Irin wannan iyaka zai bar Illinois ba tare da bakin teku a Tafkin Michigan kwata-kwata. Koyaya, kamar yadda aka ba Indiana nasarar samun nisan mil 10 (kilomita 16) na arewacin iyakarta don samar mata da gabar ruwa mai amfani, asalin lissafin jihar Illinois, wanda aka gabatar ga Majalisa a ranar 23 ga Janairun 1818, an tsayar da iyakar arewa a iri ɗaya kamar na Indiana, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin mil 10 a arewacin ƙarshen ƙarshen tafkin Michigan. Koyaya, wakilin Illinois, Nathaniel Paparoma, yana son ƙari, kuma yana da sha'awar ganin iyakar ta ci gaba zuwa arewa. Kudurin doka na karshe da Majalisar ta zartar ya hada da kwaskwarima don sauya iyaka zuwa 42 ° 30 'arewa, wanda yake kusan mil 51 (kilomita 82) arewacin iyakar Indiana ta arewacin. Wannan sauyawar ya kara kilomita murabba'in 8,500 (kilomita 22,000) zuwa jihar, gami da yankin ma'adinan gubar kusa da Galena. Mafi mahimmanci, ya ƙara kusan mil 50 na gabar Tekun Michigan da Kogin Chicago. Paparoma da wasu sun yi tunanin wata hanyar da za ta haɗu da kogin Chicago da Illinois kuma ta haka ne za su haɗu da Manyan Tabkuna zuwa Mississippi.

Jihar Illinois kafin yakin basasa 

A 1818, Illinois ta zama jihar Amurka ta 21. Yankin kudu na Yankin Illinois an yarda da shi azaman jihar Illinois, sauran kuma an haɗa su zuwa Yankin Michigan. Old State Capitol: Abraham Lincoln da sauran yan majalissun dokokin yankin sun taimaka kwarai da gaske wajen matsar da babban birnin jihar zuwa garin Springfield da ke tsakiyar garin a cikin 1839. A 1818, Illinois ta zama jihar Amurka ta 21. Babban birnin ya kasance a Kaskaskia, wanda ke da hedikwata a cikin wani ƙaramin gini da jihar ta haya. A cikin 1819, Vandalia ta zama babban birni, kuma a cikin shekaru 18 masu zuwa, an gina gine-gine daban-daban guda uku don yin aiki a jere a matsayin babban ginin. A shekarar 1837, ‘yan majalisar jihar da ke wakiltar Sangamon County, karkashin jagorancin wakilin jihar Abraham Lincoln, suka yi nasarar samun babban birnin ya koma Springfield,  inda aka gina babban gida na biyar. An gina babban ginin majalisa na shida a 1867, wanda ke ci gaba da aiki a matsayin babban ginin Illinois a yau.Kodayake da alama "'yantacciyar ƙasa" ce, amma duk da haka akwai bautar a cikin Illinois. Faransanci na ƙabila sun mallaki baƙin bayi tun daga shekarun 1720, kuma baƙi Ba'amurke sun riga sun kawo bayi daga yankin Kentucky. Dokar Arewa maso Yamma ta dakatar da bautar a bayyane, amma ba a tilasta hakan ga waɗanda suka riga suka riƙe bayi. Lokacin da Illinois ta zama ƙasa mai cikakken iko a cikin 1818, Dokar ba ta sake amfani da shi ba, kuma ana riƙe da bayi kusan 900 a cikin jihar. Kamar yadda yankin kudancin jihar, wanda daga baya aka fi sani da "Egypt" ko "Little Egypt. yawancin masu baƙi ne daga Kudu suka zauna, sashin ya kasance mai adawa da baƙar fata. An ba wa baƙi izinin su zo da bayi tare da su don yin aiki, amma, a cikin 1822, mazauna jihar sun ƙi amincewa da sanya bautar da doka. Har yanzu, yawancin mazauna suna adawa da barin baƙar fata kyauta a matsayin mazaunan dindindin. Wasu mazaunan suna shigo da bayi ne lokaci-lokaci ko kuma masu hidimar gida. [35] An rubuta Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Mulki na Illinois na 1848 tare da tanadi don keɓance dokokin da za a zartar. A cikin 1853, John A. Logan ya taimaka wajen kafa wata doka da za ta haramtawa duk Ba’amurke Ba’amurke, ciki har da ’yanci, zama a jihar.

Lokacin hunturu na 1830-1831 ana kiransa "Lokacin hunturu mai zurfin dusar ƙanƙara"; ba zato ba tsammani, zurfin dusar ƙanƙara ya lulluɓe jihar, wanda ya sa yin tafiyar ba zai yiwu ba tsawon lokacin hunturu, kuma matafiya da yawa sun halaka. Yawancin damuna masu tsanani sun biyo baya, gami da "Hunturu na Kwatsam Ba zato ba tsammani". A ranar 20 ga Disamba, 1836, wani sanyin sanyi mai saurin wucewa ya ratsa, ya daskare kududdufai cikin mintina kuma ya kashe matafiya da yawa da ba su sami mafaka ba. Mummunan yanayi ya haifar da gazawar amfanin gona a yankin arewacin jihar. Yankin kudancin jihar ya shigo da abinci arewa, kuma wannan yana iya taimakawa ga sunansa: "Little Egypt", bayan labarin Baibul na Yusufu a Masar yana ba 'yan'uwansa hatsi.
 
 A 1832, an yi yakin Black Hawk a Illinois da Wisconsin na yau tsakanin Amurka da Sauk, Fox (Meskwaki), da Kickapoo Indian kabilu. Yana wakiltar ƙarshen gwagwarmayar Indiya ga fatarar ƙuduri a yankin Chicago.An tilasta wa Indiyawa barin gidajensu zuwa Iowa a 1831; lokacin da suka yi yunƙurin dawowa, an kawo musu hari kuma daga ƙarshe mayaƙan Amurka suka ci su. Waɗanda suka tsira an tilasta musu komawa Iowa.A shekara ta 1839, Waliyyai na terarshe sun kafa wani birni mai suna Nauvoo. Ana zaune a cikin Yankin Hancock tare da Kogin Mississippi, Nauvoo ya bunkasa, kuma ba da daɗewa ba ya yi gogayya da Chicago don matsayin babban birni mafi girma a jihar. Amma a cikin 1844, an kashe wanda ya kirkiro kungiyar Latter Day Saint Joseph Smith a gidan yarin Carthage, kimanin mil 30 daga Nauvoo. Bayan rikice-rikicen maye gurbin (Waliyyan Latter Day Saints), Brigham Young ya jagoranci yawancin Waliyyai na terarshe daga Illinois a cikin ƙaura mai yawa zuwa Utah ta yau; bayan kusan shekaru shida na ci gaba mai sauri, Nauvoo yayi hanzari baya daga baya. Bayan an kafa shi a 1833, Chicago ta sami daukaka a matsayin babbar tashar jirgin ruwa ta Great Lakes, sannan ta zama tashar tashar ruwa ta Illinois da Michigan bayan 1848, kuma a matsayin tashar jirgin ƙasa ba da daɗewa ba. By 1857, Chicago ita ce birni mafi girma a cikin Illinois.Tare da gagarumar haɓakar ma'adinai da masana'antu a cikin jihar a cikin karni na 19, Illinois ita ce ƙasa don kafa ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago a Amurka.A cikin 1847, bayan yin kira ga Dorothea L. Dix, Illinois ta zama ɗaya daga cikin jihohi na farko da suka kafa tsarin ba da tallafi don magance cutar rashin hankali da nakasa, maye gurbin gidajen sadaka na gida. Dix ta shiga wannan kokarin ne bayan ta hadu da J. O. King, dan kasuwar Jacksonville, dan kasuwar Illinois, wanda ya gayyace ta zuwa Illinois, inda ya ke aiki don gina wa mahaukata mafaka. Tare da kwarewar neman dix, shirye-shiryen Asibitin Jiha na Jacksonville (wanda aka sani yanzu da Jacksonville Development Center) an sanya hannu a kan doka a ranar 1 ga Maris, 1847.
Yakin basasa da bayan haka

Babban labarin: Illinois a yakin basasar Amurka Fitowa daga rundunar hadin gwiwa daga Alkahira a ranar 10 ga Janairun 1862 A lokacin yakin basasar Amurka, Illinois ta zama ta hudu a cikin maza da suka yi aiki (sama da 250,000) a cikin Sojojin Union, adadin da ya wuce New York, Pennsylvania, da Ohio kawai. Farawa tare da kiran farko na Shugaba Abraham Lincoln ga sojoji da ci gaba a duk lokacin yaƙin, Illinois ta tattara rundunonin sojoji 150, waɗanda aka ƙidaya daga na 7 zuwa na 156. Hakanan an tara rundunonin dawakai goma sha bakwai, da kuma manyan bindigogi masu linzami guda biyu. Garin Alkahira, a gefen kudu na jihar a hade da Mississippi da Kogin Ohio, sun kasance a matsayin muhimmiyar cibiyar samar da kayayyaki da cibiyar horo ga rundunar Sojojin. Tsawon watanni, Janar Grant da Admiral Foote suna da hedikwata a Alkahira. A lokacin Yaƙin Basasa, da ƙari bayan haka, yawan jama'ar Chicago ya yi tashin gwauron zabi, wanda ya haɓaka martabarta. Pullman Strike da Haymarket Riot, musamman, sun yi tasiri sosai ga ci gaban ƙungiyar kwadagon Amurka. Daga ranar Lahadi, 8 ga Oktoba, 1871, har zuwa ranar Talata 10 ga Oktoba 10, 1871, Babban Wutar Chicago ta kone a cikin garin Chicago, ta lalata murabba'in kilomita hudu (kilomita 102).

20th karni

A karshen karni na 20, Illinois tana da mutane kusan miliyan 5. Mutane da yawa daga wasu sassan ƙasar sun sami sha'awar jihar ta hanyar aikin yi sakamakon fadada tushen masana'antu. Fararen fata sun kasance kashi 98% na yawan mutanen jihar. Ci gaba da ƙaura daga kudu da gabashin Turai ya ƙarfafa shi, da kuma Baƙin Baƙin Americanasar Afirka daga Kudu, Illinois ta girma kuma ta zama ɗayan mahimman jihohi a cikin ƙungiyar. A karshen karnin, yawan mutanen ya kai miliyan 12.4. An gudanar da baje kolin karnin duniya na gaba a Chicago a shekarar 1933. Yajin aikin mai a lardin Marion da Crawford County ya haifar da cigaba a 1937, kuma zuwa 1939, Illinois ta kasance ta huɗu a cikin samar da mai na Amurka. Illinois ce ta kera kashi 6.1 na jimillar makaman yakin Amurka da aka samar a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, wanda shi ne na bakwai a tsakanin jihohi 48. Chicago ta zama tashar ruwa ta teku tare da buɗewar Saint Lawrence Seaway a 1959. Ruwa da Kogin Illinois sun haɗu da Chicago zuwa duka Kogin Mississippi da Tekun Atlantika. A cikin 1960, Ray Kroc ya buɗe ikon mallakar McDonald na farko a cikin Des Plaines (wanda har yanzu yana matsayin gidan kayan gargajiya, tare da McDonald's mai aiki a ƙetaren titi).

Illinois na da muhimmiyar rawa wajen bayyanar zamanin makaman nukiliya. A cikin 1942, a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin Manhattan, Jami'ar Chicago ta gudanar da aikin haɓakar makaman nukiliya na farko. A cikin 1957, Argonne National Laboratory, kusa da Chicago, ya kunna tsarin samar da makamashin nukiliya na farko a Amurka. Zuwa 1960, tashar nukiliya ta farko mai zaman kanta a Amurka, Dresden 1, an sadaukar da ita kusa da Morris. A cikin 1967, Fermilab, cibiyar binciken nukiliya ta ƙasa kusa da Batavia, ta buɗe maɓallin haɓaka, wanda shine mafi girma a duniya sama da shekaru 40. Tare da tsire-tsire goma sha ɗaya a halin yanzu, Illinois tana jagorantar dukkan jihohi a cikin yawan wutar lantarki da aka samu daga ƙarfin nukiliya.
 
 A cikin 1961, Illinois ta zama jiha ta farko a cikin ƙasar da ta karɓi shawarar Cibiyar Nazarin Doka ta Amurka kuma ta zartar da cikakken gyara dokar aikata laifi wanda ya soke doka game da yin luwadi. Har ila yau lambar ta shafe laifuka na gama gari tare da kafa shekaru na yarda 18.An zartar da kundin tsarin mulki na hudu a jihar a shekarar 1970, wanda ya maye gurbin na 1870.
 
 An gudanar da taron kide-kide na Farko na Aid a Champaign don amfanin manoman Amurka, a shekarar 1985. Mafi munin ambaliyar kogin Mississippi na wannan karnin, Babban Ruwan 1993, ya mamaye garuruwa da yawa da dubban kadada na gonakin noma.
21st karni

A ranar 28 ga Agusta, 2017, Gwamnan Illinois Bruce Rauner ya sanya hannu a kan wata doka wacce ta haramtawa ‘yan sanda na jihohi da na kananan hukumomi kame kowa saboda yanayin shige da fice ko kuma saboda wadanda ke tsare a tarayya. Wasu daga cikin 'yan jam'iyyar Republicans sun soki Rauner saboda matakin da ya dauka, suna masu cewa kudirin dokar ya sanya Illinois wani yanki ne na mafaka

Labarin kasa

Babban labarin: Geography na Illinois Informationarin bayani: Jerin ecoregions a cikin Illinois Illinois tana cikin yankin Midwest na Amurka kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin jihohi takwas da Ontario, Kanada, a yankin Great Lakes na Arewacin Amurka.

Iyakoki

Iyakokin gabashin Illinois da Indiana sun hada da layin arewa zuwa kudu a 87 ° 31 ′ 30 long yamma mai nisa a tafkin Michigan a arewa, zuwa Kogin Wabash a kudu sama da Post Vincennes. Kogin Wabash ya ci gaba a matsayin iyakar gabas / kudu maso gabas da Indiana har zuwa lokacin da Wabash ya shiga Kogin Ohio. Wannan shine farkon iyakar kudancin Illinois da Kentucky, wanda ke kan iyakar arewacin Kogin Ohio.Yawancin iyakar yamma da Missouri da Iowa sune Kogin Mississippi; Kaskaskia ɗan gari ne na Illinois, yana kwance yamma da Mississippi kuma ana iya samunsa daga Missouri kawai. Iyakar arewacin jihar da Wisconsin an tsayar da ita a latti 42 ° 30 ′ arewa. Iyakar arewa maso gabashin Illinois ta ta'allaka ne a tafkin Michigan, a inda Illinois ke raba iyaka da jihar Michigan, da Wisconsin da Indiana.

Tsarin kasa

Charles Mound, mafi girman yanayin halitta a Illinois mai ƙafa 1,235, yana cikin Yankin Driftless a yankin arewa maso yammacin jihar. Kodayake Illinois tana kwance gaba ɗaya a cikin Filayen Cikin Gida, amma tana da ɗan ɗan bambanci a tsawanta. A cikin yammacin arewa maso yammacin Illinois, Yankin Driftless, yanki ne wanda ba a ƙididdige ba saboda haka ya fi girma da kuma shimfidar yanayin kasa, ya kasance wani yanki kaɗan na jihar. Kudancin Illinois sun hada da yankuna masu tudu da ke kusa da Shawnee National Forest.Charles Mound, wanda yake a yankin Driftless, yana da mafi girman yanayin ƙasa sama da matakin teku a ƙafa 1,235 (mita 376). Sauran tsaunuka sun hada da Shawnee Hills a kudu, kuma akwai yanayin kasa iri-iri tare da kogunan sa; Kogin Illinois ya raba jihar arewa maso gabas zuwa kudu maso yamma. Filin ambaliyar ruwa a kan Kogin Mississippi daga Alton zuwa Kogin Kaskaskia an san shi da Basar Amurka.

Raba

A ƙafa 279 sama da matakin teku,  wuri mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin jihar yana kusa da Alkahira da mahadar Kogin Ohio da Mississippi.
Illinois na da manyan rarrabuwa uku. Arewacin Illinois ya mamaye yankin Chicago, ko Chicagoland, wanda shine garin Chicago da kewayenta, da kuma gefen makwabtaka wanda garin ke faɗaɗawa. Kamar yadda gwamnatin tarayya ta bayyana, yankin metro na Chicago ya hada da kananan hukumomi da dama a cikin Illinois, Indiana, da Wisconsin, kuma yana da yawan mutane sama da miliyan 9.8. Birnin Chicago kansa birni ne mai cike da jama'a, da yawan jama'a, da masana'antu, da matattarar sufuri na ƙasar, kuma ya zauna tare da kabilu daban-daban. Garin Rockford, babban birni na uku mafi girma a cikin Illinois kuma cibiyar babban birni na hudu mafi girma, yana zaune tare da Interstates 39 da 90 kimanin mil 75 (kilomita 121) arewa maso yamma na Chicago. Yankin Quad Cities, wanda yake kusa da Kogin Mississippi a arewacin Illinois, yana da yawan mutane 381,342 a shekarar 2011 Yankin tsakiyar Illinois shine babban rukuni na biyu, wanda ake kira Central Illinois. Yanki ne na galibi prairie kuma an san shi da Zuciyar Illinois. An bayyana shi da ƙananan ƙauyuka da matsakaita-ƙananan birane. Sashin yamma (yamma da Kogin Illinois) asalinsa ɓangare ne na Tattalin Soja na 1812 kuma ya haifar da fitowar yammacin jihar. Noma, musamman masara da waken soya, da cibiyoyin ilimi da cibiyoyin masana'antu, suna da mahimmanci a Central Illinois. Garuruwan sun hada da Peoria; Springfield, babban birnin jihar; Quincy; Decatur; Bloomington-Na al'ada; da Champaign-Urbana.

Rukuni na uku shine Kudancin Illinois, wanda ya ƙunshi yankin kudu da Hanyar 50 ta Amurka, gami da Little Egypt, kusa da mahadar Kogin Mississippi da Kogin Ohio. Kudancin Illinois wuri ne na tsohon garin Cahokia, haka nan kuma wurin babban birni ne na farko a Kaskaskia, wanda a yau ya rabu da sauran jihar ta Kogin Mississippi. Wannan yankin yana da ɗan yanayi mai ɗan ɗumi, iri-iri iri daban-daban (gami da wasu noman auduga a da), daɗaɗɗen yanayin ƙasa (saboda yankin da ba shi da ƙima a lokacin Matakin Illinoian, ba kamar yawancin sauran jihar ba), haka kuma a matsayin ƙaramin sikelin mai da haƙar kwal. Yankunan Illinois na St. Louis, kamar East St. Louis, suna cikin wannan yankin, kuma gabaɗaya, ana kiran su Metro-East. Sauran da ke da ɗan muhimmanci a Kudancin Illinois shi ne Carbondale-Marion-Herrin, Illinois Comididdigar istididdigar centididdigar da ke kan Carbondale da Marion, wani yanki na ƙananan hukumomi biyu wanda ke da mazaunan 123,272. Wani yanki na kudu maso gabashin Illinois wani bangare ne na fadada Evansville, Indiana, Metro Area, wanda ake kira a gida da asasar-withari tare da Indiana da Kentucky. Yankuna bakwai na Illinois suna cikin yankin.
 
 Baya ga waɗannan ukun, galibi rarrabuwar rarrabuwa, dukkanin yankin da ke wajen yankin Metropolitan na Chicago galibi ana kiransa "downstate" Illinois. Wannan lokacin yana da sassauƙa, amma ana nufin gaba ɗaya ma'anar duk abin da ke bayan tasirin yankin Chicago. Don haka, wasu biranen a Arewacin Illinois, kamar DeKalb, wanda yake yamma da Chicago, da Rockford - wanda yake a zahiri arewacin Chicago ne - wani lokacin ana ɗaukar su a matsayin ba 'yan ƙasa ba ne.
Yanayi

Babban Labari: Sauyin Yanayi na Illinois Duba kuma: Tarihin guguwar ruwan sanyi na St. Louis

Köppen nau'ikan yanayi na Illinois
Illinois na da sauyin yanayi wanda ya bambanta ko'ina cikin shekara. Saboda kusan nisan mil mil 400 tsakanin iyakar arewa da kudu, har ila yau da yanayin tsakiyar nahiya, yawancin Illinois suna da yanayin yanayin yanki mai zafi (Köppen rabe-raben yanayi Dfa), tare da zafi, rani mai raɗaɗi da damuna mai sanyi. Yankin kudancin jihar, daga yankin Carbondale ta kudu, yana da yanayin yanayin ruwa mai zafi (Koppen Cfa), tare da damuna mafi matsakaici. Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara na Illinois ya bambanta daga kawai inci 48 (1,219 mm) a ƙarshen kudu zuwa kusan inci 35 (889 mm) a arewacin yankin na jihar. Ruwan dusar ƙanƙara na shekara-shekara ya wuce inci 38 (mil 965) a yankin Chicago, yayin da yankin kudancin jihar yawanci karɓar ƙasa da inci 14 (356 mm).Babban yanayin zafin ya kasance 117 ° F (47 ° C), an rubuta shi a ranar 14 ga Yuli, 1954, a East St. Louis, kuma ƙarancin zafin-lokaci-−38 ° F (-39 ° C), wanda aka rubuta akan Janairu 31, 2019, a lokacin Janairu 2019 na Arewacin Amurka mai sanyi a tashar tashar yanayi kusa da Mount Carroll,  kuma an tabbatar a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2019. Wannan ya biyo bayan rikodin da ya gabata na -36 ° F (-38 ° C) wanda aka rubuta a ranar 5 ga Janairun 1999, kusa da Congerville. Kafin rikodin Mount Carroll, zazzabin −37 ° F (-38 ° C) an yi rikodin a ranar 15 ga Janairun 2009, a Rochelle, amma a tashar tashar yanayi da ba a bi ta da ingancin ingancin rajista kamar na hukuma. Matsakaicin matsakaici na Illinois kusan kwanaki 51 na aikin hadari a shekara, wanda yakai matsayin sama da matsakaici a cikin adadin kwanakin tsawa ga Amurka. Illinois na da saukin fuskantar guguwa, inda a kalla 35 ke faruwa a kowace shekara, wanda ke sanya yawancin jihar a kusa da mahaukaciyar guguwa biyar a cikin murabba'in murabba'in 10,000 (30,000 km2) a shekara.Duk da yake guguwa ba ta da ƙarfi a cikin Illinois fiye da sauran jihohi, wasu daga cikin guguwar Tornado Alley da ke cikin rikodin sun faru a cikin jihar. Tutar Kasa Mai Kasuwa-Yanki ta 1925 ta kashe mutane 695 a cikin jihohi uku; 613 daga cikin wadanda abin ya shafa sun mutu a Illinois.

Yawan jama'a

Taswirar yawa da ke nuna yawan jama'ar Illinois
Tarihin jama'a Yawan Jama'a % ± 1800 2,458 - 1810 12,282 399.7% 1820 55,211 349.5% 1830 157,445 185.2% 1840 476,183 202.4% 1850 851,470 78.8% 1860 1,711,951 101,1% 1870 2,539,891 48.4% 1880 3,077,871 21.2%1890 3,826,352 24.3% 1900 4,821,550 26,0% 1910 5,638,591 16.9% 1920 6,485,280 15.0% 1930 7,630,654 17.7% 1940 7,897,241 3.5% 1950 8,712,176 10.3% 1960 10,081,158 15.7% 1970 11,113,976 10.2% 1980 11,426,518 2.8% 1990 11,430,602 0.0% 2000 12,419,293 8.6% 2010 12,830,632 3.3% 2020 12,812,508 −0.1% Source: 1910–2020 Ofishin ensusidaya na Amurka ya gano cewa yawan mutanen Illinois sun kasance 12,812,508 a cikin Cidayar Amurka ta 2020, suna ƙaura daga jiha mafi girma ta biyar zuwa ta shida mafi girma (rasa zuwa Pennsylvania). Yawan jama'ar Illinois ya dan ragu a shekarar 2020 daga kidayar Amurka ta 2010 da ta wuce mazauna 18,000 kuma yawan mutanen ya dara na kiyasi na baya-bayan nan. Illinois ita ce mafi yawan mutane a cikin yankin Midwest. Chicago, birni na uku mafi yawan jama'a a Amurka, shine tsakiyar yankin babban birnin Chicago ko Chicagoland, kamar yadda ake yiwa wannan yanki laƙabi. Kodayake Chicagoland ta ƙunshi kashi 9% kawai na yankin jihar, ta ƙunshi 65% na mazaunan jihar. Asarar yawan jama'a da ake tsammani daga sakamakon Cidaya na 2020 ba ya tashi daga yankin metro na Chicago; maimakon haka raguwar ta fito ne daga ƙananan hukumomin Downstate. Dangane da ƙidayar jama'a a shekarar 2010, asalin launin fatar jihar shine: 71.5% Farin Ba'amurke (63.7% fari ba 'yan asalinsa ba ne, 7.8% Farin Hispaniki) 14.5% Baƙi ko Ba'amurke Ba'amurke 0.3% Ba'amurke Ba'amurke da Dan Asalin Alaska 4,6% Ba'amurke ɗan Asiya 2.3% Ba'amurke da yawa 6.8% wasu tseren
A cikin wannan shekarar 15.8% na yawan jama'ar asalinsu 'yan Hispanic ne ko Latino (suna iya kasancewa na kowane jinsi).

Binciken Nazarin Americanasar Amirka na 2019

Dangane da ƙididdigar Ofishin ensusidaya na Amurka na 2019, yawan jama'ar Illinois sun kasance 71.4% Fari (60.7% Fari ba -an Hispanic), 5.6% Asiya, 0.2% Wasu Sauran Tsere, 13.9% Baƙi ko Ba'amurke Ba'amurke, 0.1% ativean Asalin Amurka da ativean Alaskan, 0.1% Tsibirin Pacific da kashi 2.0% daga tsere biyu ko fiye.Whiteasar White ta ci gaba da kasancewa mafi girman rukunin launin fata a cikin Illinois kamar yadda panan Hispanic ke bayyanawa da fari (61.1%) tare da wasu da ke bayyana kamar wasu Somean Race (32.0%), Multiracial (4.3%), Black (1.4%), Indian Indian da Alaskan 'Yan ƙasar (0.2%), Asiya (0.1%), da Hawaiian da Pacific Islander (0.1%). Ta hanyar kabilanci, kashi 17.5% na yawan jama'ar Hispanic-Latino ne (na kowane jinsi) kuma kashi 82.5% ba 'yan Hispanic bane (na kowane jinsi). Idan aka kula da su azaman rukunin daban, 'yan Hispanic su ne mafi yawan rukunin tsiraru a cikin Illinois. Kabilar da ta fi yawan jama'a a jihar, farar fata ba 'yan asalin kasar Spain ba, ta ragu daga kashi 83.5% a shekarar 1970 [78] zuwa 60.90% a shekarar 2018. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2011, kashi 49.4% na yawan jama'ar Illinois waɗanda shekarunsu suka gaza 1 sun kasance 'yan tsiraru (Lura: Yaran da aka haifa ta fararen fata' yan Hispaniyawa ko kuma ga iyayen da ke cike da iyayensu ko kuma iyayensu marasa rinjaye ana lasafta su a matsayin marasa rinjaye). A ƙididdigar 2007 daga Ofishin Cidaya na Amurka, akwai mazaunan jihar baƙi 1,768,518 ko 13.8% na yawan jama'a, tare da 48.4% daga Latin Amurka, 24.6% daga Asiya, 22.8% daga Turai, 2.9% daga Afirka, 1.2 % daga Kanada, da 0.2% daga Oceania. Daga cikin yawan mutanen da aka haifa a kasashen waje, kashi 43.7% sun kasance yan asalin Amurka, kuma kashi 56.3% ba yan kasar Amurka bane. A cikin 2007, 6.9% na yawan jama'ar Illinois an ba da rahoton cewa suna ƙasa da shekaru 5, 24.9% ƙasa da shekaru 18 da 12.1% sun kasance shekaru 65 zuwa sama. Mata sun kai kusan 50.7% na yawan jama'a. Dangane da ƙididdigar 2007, 21.1% na yawan suna da asalin Jamus, 13.3% suna da asalin Irish, 8% suna da asalin Burtaniya, 7.9% suna da asalin Poland, 6.4% suna da asalin Italia, 4.6% sun lasafta kansu a matsayin Ba'amurke, 2.4% na Sweden zuriya, kashi 2 da digo 2 suna da kakannin Faransanci, ban da Basque, kashi 1.6% suna da kakannin Holland, yayin da kashi 1.4% ke da zuriyar Norway.Hakanan Illinois tana da adadi mai yawa na Ba'amurke Ba'amurke da Latinos (galibi Mexicans da Puerto Ricans).

Chicago, a gefen tafkin Michigan, shine birni na uku mafi girma a cikin ƙasa. A shekara ta 2000, kashi 23.3% na yawan jama'ar Illinois sun zauna a cikin garin Chicago, 43.3% a Cook County, da 65.6% a cikin ƙananan gundumar yankin Chicago: Will, DuPage, Kane, Lake, da McHenry County, da Cook County . Ragowar mutanen suna zaune ne a cikin ƙananan garuruwa da yankunan karkara waɗanda suka cika filayen jihar. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2000, cibiyar yawan mutanen jihar ta kasance 41.278216 ° N 88.380238 ° W, wanda yake a Grundy County, arewa maso gabashin ƙauyen Mazon.

Bayanin haihuwa

Haihuwar ba a tarawa, saboda ana kidaya mutanen Hispania da ƙabilanci da ƙabila.

Yankunan birni

Duba kuma: Yankunan ilimin lissafi na Illinois, Jerin birane a cikin Illinois, da Lissafin garuruwa da ƙauyuka a cikin Illinois
Chicago ita ce birni mafi girma a cikin jihar kuma birni na uku mafi yawan jama'a a cikin Amurka, tare da yawan mutanen da suke a cikin 2010 na 2,695,598. Ofishin ensusidaya na Amurka a halin yanzu ya lissafa wasu biranen bakwai tare da mutane sama da 100,000 a cikin Illinois. Dangane da yawan'sididdigar Ofishin Hukumomin ensusidaya na yawan jama'ar 2010: Aurora, wani tauraron ɗan adam na Chicago wanda ya lulluɓe Rockford don taken birni na biyu mafi yawan jama'a a cikin Illinois; yawan jama'ar ta na shekarar 2010 ya kasance 197,899. Rockford, a 152,871, shine birni na uku mafi girma a cikin jihar, kuma shine birni mafi girma a cikin jihar wanda baya cikin kewayen garin Chicago. Joliet, wanda ke cikin babban birnin Chicago, shine birni mafi girma na huɗu a cikin jihar, tare da yawan mutane 147,433. Naperville, yankin Chicago, shine na biyar tare da 141,853. Naperville da Aurora sun raba iyaka tare da Hanyar Illinois 59. Springfield, babban birnin jihar, ya zo na shida mafi yawan mutane tare da mazauna 117,352. Peoria, wanda shekaru da yawa da suka gabata shine birni na biyu mafi yawan yawan jama'a a cikin jihar, shine na bakwai tare da 115,007. Birni na takwas mafi girma kuma na ƙarshe a cikin ƙungiyar 100,000 shine Elgin, yankin arewa maso yammacin Chicago, tare da yawan mutanen 2010 108,188.Garin da ya fi yawan jama'a a jihar kudu da Springfield shine Belleville, tare da mutane 44,478 a kidayar shekarar 2010. Tana cikin yankin Illinois na Greater St. Louis (wanda ake kira yankin Metro-East), wanda ke da saurin ƙaruwa sama da 700,000.Sauran manyan biranen sun hada da Champaign-Urbana Metropolitan Area, wanda ke da yawan mutane kusan 230,000, yankin Illinois na Quad Cities yankin da kimanin mutane 215,000, da kuma Bloomington-Normal area mai yawan mutane sama da 165,000.

Harsuna

Babban labarin: Yarukan Illinois
Yaren hukuma na Illinois shine Ingilishi, kodayake tsakanin 1923 da 1969, dokar ƙasa ta ba da matsayin hukuma ga "yaren Amurka". Kusan kashi 80% na mutanen Illinois suna magana da Ingilishi na asali, kuma yawancin sauran suna magana da shi sosai a matsayin yare na biyu. Ana magana da yarukan Ingilishi Amurkawa, wanda ya faro daga Ingilishi Ingilishi na Arewacin Amurka da Ingilishi Baƙin Amurka a kusa da Chicago, zuwa Ingilishi Midland na Amurka a Central Illinois, zuwa Ingilishi na Kudancin Amurka a can kudu.Fiye da kashi 20 cikin 100 na 'yan Illinoan suna magana da wani harshe ban da Ingilishi a gida, wanda yaren Spanish yake da yawa a duniya, sama da 12% na yawan mutanen. Adadin adadin masu magana da yaren Poland suna nan a cikin Yankin Birni na Chicago. Frenchasar Faransanci ta Illinoisasar Illinois ta ɓace galibi a cikin Illinois, kodayake har yanzu ana yin bikin a cikin Districtasar Tarihin Mulkin mallaka na Faransa.

Addini

Addini a cikin Illinois (2014) Furotesta (43%) Roman Katolika (28%) Babu addini (22%)Addinin yahudanci (2%) Musulunci (1%)  Buddha (1%) Hindu (1%) Sauran addinin (1%) Babu amsa da aka bayar / Ba a sani ba (1%) Kiristanci Katolika na Roman Katolika sune babbar ƙungiyar ɗariƙar addini a cikin Illinois; suna da hankali sosai a ciki da kewayen Chicago, kuma suna da kusan kashi 30% na yawan jama'ar jihar. [98] Koyaya, haɗuwa tare a zaman ƙungiya, ɗariku daban-daban na Furotesta sun ƙunshi mafi yawan adadin jama'ar jihar fiye da Katolika. A cikin 2010 Katolika a Illinois sun ƙidaya 3,648,907. Denungiyoyin Furotesta mafi girma sune Metungiyar Methodist ta United tare da 314,461, da kuma Yarjejeniyar Baptist ta Kudu, tare da mambobi 283,519. Illinois tana daya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin Missouri Synod Lutherans a Amurka.

Illinois ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a farkon motsi na terarshen Ranar Saintarshe, tare da Nauvoo, Illinois, ya zama wurin taro don Mormons a farkon 1840s. Nauvoo shine wurin da rikicin rikici ya biyo baya, wanda ya haifar da rabuwar ƙungiyar Mormon zuwa ɗarikun ƙungiyoyin Latter Day Saint da yawa. Cocin Jesus Christ na Waliyyan terarshe, mafi girma a cikin ƙungiyoyin da suka fito daga ɗimbin addinin Mormon, yana da mabiya sama da 55,000 a Illinois a yau. Sauran al'ummomin addinin Ibrahim Za a iya samun adadi mai yawa na mabiya sauran addinan Ibrahim a cikin Illinois. Da yawa sun fi yawa a cikin yankin Chicago, mabiya musulmai, Baháʼí, da addinan yahudawa duk suna kiran gida gida. Musulmai sun fi yawa daga cikin rukunin wadanda ba kiristoci ba, tare da mabiya 359,264. Yankin Illinois ya fi kowane yanki yawan musulmai a kasar, tare da musulmai 2,800 a cikin kowane dan kasar 100,000. Babba kuma mafi tsufa da ya tsira daga gidan Bauta da ke Bauta a duniya yana cikin Wilmette, Illinois, Yankin Chicago yana da babbar al'ummar yahudawa, musamman a cikin unguwannin Skokie, Buffalo Grove, Highland Park, da kewayen garin. Tsohon Magajin garin Chicago Rahm Emanuel shi ne magajin garin bayahude na farko da yahudawa. Sauran addinai
Birnin Chicago ma gida ne mai tarin yawa na Hindu, Sikh, Jains, da Buddha.Gidan Bauta na Baháʼí a Wilmette shine cibiyar bautar wannan addinin a Arewacin Amurka.

Tattalin arziki

Babban labarin: Tattalin Arziki na Illinois Duba kuma: Yankin Illinois ta hanyar kuɗin shigar kowane mutum Babban Bankin Tarayya na Chicago a tsakiyar cibiyar hadahadar kudi ta Chicago An kiyasta dalallar da ta wadata jihar Illinois ta kai dala biliyan 909 a shekarar 2019.  Kudaden da jihar ta samar na kowane mutum ya kai kimanin $ 72,000. Ya zuwa watan Fabrairu 2019, yawan marasa aikin yi a cikin Illinois ya kai kashi 4.2%. Mafi karancin albashin Illinois zai tashi zuwa $ 15 a kowace awa ta 2025, yana mai da shi daya daga cikin mafiya girma a kasar.

Noma

Babban labarin: Noma a cikin Illinois Babban kayan aikin gona na Illinois sune masara, waken soya, alade, shanu, kayayyakin kiwo, da alkama. A mafi yawan shekaru, Illinois ita ce jiha ta farko ko ta biyu don samar da waken soya mafi yawa, tare da girbin buhuh miliyan 427.7 (tan miliyan 11.64 miliyan) a shekara ta 2008, bayan samar da Iowa na ƙwarya miliyan 444.82 (miliyan miliyan 12.11). 108] Illinois tana matsayi na biyu a cikin noman masara na Amurka tare da sama da bushel biliyan 1.5 da ake samarwa duk shekara. Tare da damar samar da galan biliyan 1.5 a kowace shekara, Illinois ita ce kan gaba wajen samar da ethanol, a matsayi na uku a Amurka a 2011.  Illinois jagora ce a masana'antar sarrafa abinci da sarrafa nama. Kodayake Chicago ba za ta iya zama "Hog Butcher ga Duniya ba", yankin Chicago ya kasance cibiyar duniya don kera abinci da sarrafa nama, tare da tsire-tsire da yawa, gidajen sarrafawa, da wuraren rarrabawa da ke tattare a yankin tsohuwar Union Stock Yarduna. Har ila yau, Illinois na samar da ruwan inabi, kuma jihar gida ce ga yankuna biyu na baƙuwar al'adun Amurka. A cikin yankin Ganawar Babban Kogin Nishaɗi Byway, peaches da apples suna girma. Baƙi daga Jamusawa waɗanda suka zo daga asalin aikin gona waɗanda suka zauna a cikin Illinois a tsakiyar karni na ƙarshen 19th, suna cikin ɓangaren da ke da alhakin yalwata gonar inabi a wannan yanki na Illinois. Jami'o'in Illinois suna bincike sosai kan samfuran aikin gona azaman madadin amfanin gona.

Masana'antu

Illinois na ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin masana'antun ƙasar, tana alfahari da ƙimar shekara-shekara da aka haɓaka ta hanyar ƙera sama da dala biliyan 107 a cikin 2006. Ya zuwa shekarar 2011, Illinois tana matsayin ƙasa ta 4-mafi yawan masana'antu a ƙasar, bayan California, Texas, da Ohio . Kimanin kashi uku cikin huɗu na masana'antun jihar suna cikin Yankin Samuwar Samun Yankin Arewa Maso Gabas, tare da kashi 38 na masana'antar kera masana'antu ta 18,900 da ke cikin County Cook. Ya zuwa 2006, manyan masana'antun masana'antu a cikin Illinois, bisa ga ƙarin darajar, masana'antun sunadarai ne (dala biliyan 18.3), ƙera injuna (dala biliyan 13.4), ƙera abinci (dala biliyan 12.9), kayayyakin ƙarfe da aka ƙera (dala biliyan 11.5) , kayan sufuri (dala biliyan 7.4), robobi da kayayyakin roba (dala biliyan 7.0), da kayayyakin kwamfuta da lantarki (dala biliyan 6.1).

Ayyuka

A farkon 2000s, tattalin arzikin Illinois ya koma ga dogaro da manyan aiyukan da aka ƙara, kamar cinikin kuɗi, ilimi mai zurfi, doka, dabaru, da magani. A wasu lokuta, waɗannan ayyukan sun haɗu a cikin cibiyoyin da suka saurari tattalin arzikin Illinois na farko. Misali, Kasuwar Kasuwanci ta Chicago, canjin kasuwanci ga dangin duniya, ta fara rayuwa a matsayin kasuwar nan gaba ta harkar noma. Sauran mahimman masana'antun da ba na masana'antu ba sun haɗa da wallafe-wallafe, yawon buɗe ido, da samar da makamashi da rarrabawa.

Zuba jari

'Yan jari hujja sun ba da kuɗin kusan dala biliyan 62 a cikin tattalin arziƙin Amurka a cikin 2016. Daga wannan adadin, kamfanonin da ke zaune a Illinois sun karɓi kusan dala biliyan 1.1. Hakanan, a cikin FY 2016, gwamnatin tarayya ta kashe dala biliyan 461 kan kwangiloli a Amurka Daga cikin wannan adadin, kamfanonin da ke zaune a Illinois sun karɓi kusan dala biliyan 8.7.

Makamashi

Duba kuma: Jerin tashoshin wutar lantarki a cikin Illinois da hasken rana a cikin Illinois Illinois babbar hanyar shigo da mai ne don samar da makamashi, duk da yawan albarkatun kwal da dan karamin aikin samar da mai. Illinois na fitar da wutar lantarki, ta kasance ta biyar a tsakanin jihohin samar da wutar lantarki da kuma na bakwai a cikin amfani da wutar lantarki. Gawayi
Masana'antar gawayi ta Illinois ta samo asalinta ne a tsakiyar ƙarni na 19, lokacin da entreprenean kasuwa kamar su Jacob Loose suka gano kwal a wurare irin su Sangamon County. Jacob Bunn ya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban masana'antar kwal ta Illinois, kuma shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma ya mallaki Kamfanin Western Coal & Mining na Illinois. Kimanin 68% na Illinois suna da ɓangaren ɗaukar kwal na zamanin ilimin ƙasa na Pennsylvania. Dangane da binciken binciken kasa na jihar Illinois, an kiyasta tan biliyan 211 na gawayin kwal yana kwance a karkashin kasa, yana da adadin dumama dumbin da ya fi wanda ake kiyasta mai a yankin Larabawa. Koyaya, wannan kwal ɗin yana da babban sinadarin sulphur, wanda ke haifar da ruwan sama na acid, sai dai idan an yi amfani da kayan aiki na musamman don rage fitowar sulfur dioxide. Yawancin tsire-tsire masu wutar lantarki na Illinois ba su da kayan aiki don ƙone gawayin gawurtaccen sulphur. A cikin 1999, Illinois ta samar da tan miliyan 40.4 na gawayi, amma kawai tan miliyan 17 (42%) na kwal na Illinois ne aka ci a Illinois. Mafi yawan kwal da aka samar a Illinois ana fitarwa zuwa wasu jihohi da ƙasashe. A shekarar 2008, Illinois ta fitar da tan miliyan uku na kwal, kuma an yi niyyar fitar da miliyan tara a shekarar 2011, yayin da bukatar makamashi ke tsirowa a wurare kamar China, Indiya, da sauran wurare a Asiya da Turai. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2010, Illinois ta kasance ta uku a cikin ma'adinan kwal da za'a iya dawo da su wajen samar da ma'adinai a cikin ƙasar. Yawancin gawayin da ake samarwa a cikin Illinois ana fitarwa zuwa wasu jihohi, yayin da yawancin kwal ɗin da aka ƙone don ƙarfi a cikin Illinois (tan miliyan 21 a 1998) ana haƙa shi ne a Kogin Powder River Basin na Wyoming.Mattoon ne aka zaba a matsayin shafin don Sashin Makamashi na FutureGen aikin, mai karfin megawatt 275 na gwajin sifiri na fitar da wutar da ke kona kwal wanda DOE ta bayar da zagaye na biyu na kudade. A cikin 2010, bayan wasu matsaloli, garin Mattoon ya goyi bayan aikin.

Man Fetur

Illinois itace kan gaba wajen tace mai a yankin Amurka ta Tsakiya, tare da hada danyen mai na hada danyen mai kusan ganga 900,000 a rana (140,000 m3 / d). Koyaya, Illinois tana da iyakantaccen ɗanyen mai wanda ya tabbatar da asusun wanda ke ƙasa da 1% na jimlar Amurka. Heatingarfin gida shine 81% gas na gas idan aka kwatanta da ƙasa da 1% mai dumama. Illinois tana matsayi na 14 a cikin samar da mai tsakanin jihohi, tare da fitarwa na yau da kullun kusan ganga 28,000 (4,500 m3) a cikin 2005.

Makaman nukiliya

Babban Labari: Nuarfin Nukiliya a Amurka

Tashar samar da Nukiliya ta Byron a gundumar Ogle Matsakaicin ikon rarraba iska na shekara-shekara don Illinois, tsayin 50 m (160 ft) sama da ƙasa (2009)
Ana iya cewa ikon nukiliya ya fara ne a cikin Illinois tare da Chicago Pile-1, farkon sarkar keɓaɓɓiyar makaman nukiliya a duniya a farkon mai sarrafa makaman nukiliya, wanda aka gina a harabar Jami'ar Chicago. Akwai cibiyoyin makamashin nukiliya guda shida masu aiki a cikin Illinois: Braidwood, Byron, Clinton, Dresden, LaSalle, da Quad Cities. Ban da tsire-tsire guda ɗaya na shuka Clinton, kowane ɗayan waɗannan wuraren yana da tashoshi biyu. Uku reactors an rufe su har abada kuma suna cikin matakai daban-daban na ƙaddamarwa: Dresden-1 da Zion-1 da 2. Illinois sun kasance na farko a cikin ƙasar a cikin 2010 a duka ƙarfin nukiliya da ƙaryar nukiliya. Zamani daga tashoshin nukiliyar da ke samar da kaso 12 cikin 100 na jimillar al'ummar kasar. A shekarar 2007, kashi 48 cikin dari na wutar lantarkin ta Illinois ta samu ne ta hanyar amfani da makamashin nukiliya. Aikin Morris shine kawai a zahiri a keɓance madaidaicin wurin adana sharar iska a cikin Amurka.

Ikon iska

Babban labarin: Ikon iska a cikin Illinois
Illinois ya ga yana da sha'awar amfani da iska ta iska don samar da lantarki. Yawancin Illinois sun kasance a cikin 2009 a matsayin "mara iyaka ko adalci" don Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka don samar da makamashin iska, tare da wasu ɓangarorin yamma da aka ƙaddara "mai kyau" kuma ɓangarorin kudu sun sami "talakawa". Wadannan ƙididdigar sune don injinan iska masu tsayin mita 50 (160 ft); sababbin injinan iska sun fi tsayi, hakan na basu damar isa iska mai karfi nesa da kasa. A sakamakon haka, ƙarin yankuna na Illinois sun zama wuraren da ake noman iska mai iska. Ya zuwa watan Satumbar 2009, Illinois tana da 1116.06 MW na shigar ikon aiki na sunan iska tare da wasu 741.9 MW da ke kan gini. Illinois ce ta tara a tsakanin jihohin Amurka a cikin karfin karfin iska, kuma ta goma sha shida ta karfin iya aiki. Manyan gonakin iska a cikin Illinois sun hada da Twin Groves, Rail Splitter, EcoGrove, da Mendota Hills. Ya zuwa 2007, makamashin iska ya wakilci kashi 1.7% na samar da makamashi na Illinois, kuma an kiyasta cewa karfin iska na iya samar da kashi 5-10% na bukatun makamashin jihar. Har ila yau, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Illinois ta ba da umarnin a cikin 2007 cewa ta 2025, 25% na duk wutar lantarki da aka samar a cikin Illinois shine ya fito daga albarkatun sabuntawa

Man Fetur

Illinois ce ta biyu a noman masara a tsakanin jihohin Amurka, kuma ana amfani da masarar Illinois don samar da kashi 40% na ethanol da ake amfani da shi a Amurka. Kamfanin Archer Daniels Midland a Decatur, Illinois, shine babban mai samar da ethanol daga masara a duniya. Cibiyar Bincike ta Masara-da-Ethanol (NCERC), ita ce kadai cibiyar da aka keɓe a duniya don yin bincike kan hanyoyi da hanyoyin sauya masara (masara) zuwa ethanol da ke harabar Kudancin Illinois University Edwardsville. Jami'ar Illinois a Urbana - Champaign na ɗaya daga cikin abokan haɗin gwiwa a Cibiyar Tattalin Arziki na Ilimin Tattalin Arziki (EBI), wani aikin bincike na ɗanyen mai na dala miliyan 500 wanda babban kamfanin mai na BP ya ɗora.

Haraji

Ana karɓar haraji ta Ma'aikatar Haraji ta Illinois. Ana lissafin harajin kudin shiga na Jiha ta hanyar ninka kudin shiga ta hanzari. A cikin 1990, an saita wannan adadin zuwa 3%, amma a cikin 2010, Babban Taron ya zaba don increaseara ɗan lokaci zuwa ƙimar zuwa 5%; sabon kudin ya fara aiki ne a ranar 1 ga Janairun 2011; kudin shigar mutum na wani lokaci faduwar rana 1 ga Janairun 2015, zuwa 3.75%, yayin da harajin samun kudin shiga na kamfanoni ya fadi zuwa 5.25%. Illinois ta kasa zartar da kasafin kudi daga 2015 zuwa 2017, bayan kwana 736 da aka kwashe ana kasafi, an gabatar da kasafin kudi a Illinois bayan ‘yan majalisar sun yi watsi da kin amincewa da Gwamna Bruce Rauner; wannan kasafin kudin ya daga darajar kudin shiga mutum zuwa 4.95% da kuma kamfanoni zuwa 7%.  Akwai farashi biyu na harajin tallace-tallace na ƙasa: 6.25% na hajojin gaba ɗaya da 1% don cancantar abinci, ƙwayoyi, da kayan aikin likitanci. Harajin kadara babban tushe ne na samun kudin shiga na haraji ga yankuna masu biyan haraji. Harajin kadara yanki ne - ba na jihar ba haraji ne, wanda gundumar harajin karamar hukuma ta sanya, wanda ya hada da kananan hukumomi, garuruwa, birni, gundumar makaranta, da kuma gundumomi na biyan haraji na musamman. Harajin kadara a cikin Illinois ana sanya shi ne akan ainihin kadara

May 1, 2019, da majalisar dattijai ta Illinois jefa kuri'a don amincewa da tsarin mulki gyara wanda zai yi stricken harshe daga Illinois Tsarin Mulki bukata wani lebur jihar samun kudin shiga haraji, a cikin wani 73-44 jefa kuri'a. Idan har aka amince da shi, kwaskwarimar za ta ba wa majalisar dokokin jihar damar sanya harajin samun kudin shiga da ya kammala karatunsa bisa la’akari da kudin shiga na shekara-shekara. Gwamnan, J.B Pritzker, ya amince da kudirin a ranar 27 ga Mayu, 2019. An shirya shi ne don kada kuri’ar babban zaben shekarar 2020 kuma ya bukaci amincewar kashi 60 cikin 100 don yin kwaskwarimar tsarin mulkin jihar yadda ya kamata. 'Yan Illinois ba su amince da kwaskwarimar ba, inda kashi 55.1% na masu jefa kuri'a suka zabi "A'a" kan amincewa sannan 44,9% suka kada kuri'ar "Ee.
 
 Ya zuwa shekarar 2017 Chicago ta kasance tana da mafi girman haraji da na harajin tallace-tallace na gida don wani birni na Amurka mai yawan jama'a sama da 200,000, a 10.250%. Jihar Illinois ce ta biyu mafi girman adadi na harajin gidaje: 2.31%, wanda yake na biyu kawai ga New Jersey a kashi 2.44%.Hanyoyin rashi na haraji ne na zahiri akan 'yan ƙasa da baƙi zuwa jihar Illinois. Illinois tana matsayi na bakwai daga cikin jihohi 11 tare da mafi yawan mil na hanyoyin biyan kuɗi, a mil 282.1. Chicago tana matsayi na huɗu a cikin mafi yawan hanyoyin biyan kuɗi a Amurka tazarar mil, tare da Chicago Skyway da ke caji cent 51.2 a kowace kilomita. Har ila yau, Illinois na da mafi girma na 11 na harajin fetur ta jiha, a cikin centi 37.5 a galan.
Al'adu

Gidajen tarihi Don ƙarin cikakken jerin, duba Jerin gidajen tarihi a cikin Illinois. Illinois na da gidajen tarihi da yawa; mafi girman girman waɗannan a cikin Chicago. Yawancin gidajen adana kayan tarihi a cikin Chicago an tsara su kamar wasu mafi kyau a duniya. Wadannan sun hada da John G. Shedd Aquarium, Gidan Tarihi na Tarihi na Tarihi, Cibiyar Nazarin Fasaha ta Chicago, Adler Planetarium, da Gidan Tarihin Kimiyya da Masana'antu.

Laburaren Shugabancin Abraham Lincoln na zamani da gidan adana kayan tarihi a cikin Springfield shine mafi girma kuma mafi yawan halartar babban ɗakin karatu na shugaban ƙasa a cikin ƙasar. Gidan Tarihi na Jihar Illinois yana alfahari da tarin abubuwa miliyan 13.5 waɗanda ke ba da labarin rayuwar Illinois, ƙasar, mutane, da fasaha. ISM yana daga cikin 5% kawai na gidajen tarihi na ƙasar waɗanda thatungiyar Hadin Gwiwar Amurka ta amince da su. Sauran gidajen tarihi na tarihi a cikin jihar sun hada da gidan tarihin Poland na Amurka a Chicago; Magnolia Manor a Alkahira; Easley Pioneer Museum a Ipava; Elihu Biliyaminu Washburne; Ulysses S. Grant Gidaje, duka a Galena; da kuma Chanute Air Museum, wanda ke kan tsohon sansanin Sojan Sama na Chanute a Rantoul. Har ila yau, yankin na Birnin na Chicago, yana da gidajen zoo guda biyu: Gidan ajje na Brookfield, wanda ke da nisan mil goma yamma da tsakiyar garin, a garin Brookfield, na da dabbobi fiye da dubu biyu da 300, kuma ya mamaye kadada 216 (87 ha) Gidan Zoo na Lincoln Park yana cikin Lincoln Park a arewacin Chicago, kusan mil 3 (kilomita 4.8) arewacin Loop. Gidan gidan namun dajin yana da fiye da kadada 35 (14 ha) na wurin shakatawa.

Waƙa

Babban labarin: Kiɗan Illinois Illinois jagora ce a ilimin kide-kide, kasancewar ta dauki bakuncin kungiyar Midwest Clinic International Band da Taron Kade-kade tun 1946, tare da kasancewa gida ga Educungiyar Masu Koyar da Kiɗa ta Illinois (IMEA), ɗayan manyan ƙungiyoyin masu koyar da kiɗan a cikin ƙasar. Kowane lokacin rani tun daga 2004, Jami'ar Kudancin Illinois Carbondale ta dauki bakuncin Kudancin Illinois Music Festival, wanda ke gabatar da wasanni da yawa a duk yankin. Shahararrun masu zane da suka gabata sun hada da Eroica Trio da mai kidan violin David Kim.

Chicago, a kusurwar arewa maso gabashin jihar, ita ce babbar cibiyar kiɗa [a tsakiyar yammacin Amurka inda keɓaɓɓun siffofin launin shuɗi (waɗanda ke da alhakin haifar da dutsen nan da nan gaba), da kiɗan gida, wani nau'in lantarki waƙar rawa, an haɓaka.
 
 Babban Hijirar talakawa baƙi ma'aikata daga Kudu zuwa biranen masana'antu sun kawo jazz na gargajiya da kiɗan shuɗi zuwa garin, wanda ya haifar da blues ɗin Chicago da "salon Chicago" Dixieland jazz. Fitattun masu fasahar zane-zane sun hada da Muddy Waters, Junior Wells, Howlin 'Wolf da duka Sonny Boy Williamsons; manyan jazz sun hada da Nat King Cole, Gene Ammons, Benny Goodman, da Bud Freeman. Chicago kuma sanannen sanannen waƙar ruhi.
 
 A farkon 1930s, kiɗan Injila ya fara samun shahara a cikin Chicago saboda gudummawar da Thomas A. Dorsey ya bayar a Cocin Pilgrim Baptist.
 
 A cikin 1980s da 1990s, dutsen mai nauyi, fandare, da hip hop suma sun zama sananne a cikin Chicago. Orchestra a Chicago sun hada da Chicago Symphony Orchestra, Lyric Opera na Chicago, da Chicago Sinfonietta
Fina-finai

John Hughes, wanda ya ƙaura daga Grosse Pointe zuwa Northbrook, ya kafa fina-finai da yawa a cikin shi a Chicago, da kewayenta. Ranar Ferris Bueller's Off Off, Gida Shi Kadai, Theungiyar Breakfast, da duk finafinansa suna faruwa ne a cikin almara mai suna Shermer, Illinois (asalin sunan Northbrook shi ne Shermerville, kuma Hughes's High School, Glenbrook North High School, yana kan hanyar Shermer). Yawancin wurare a cikin fina-finansa sun haɗa da Glenbrook North, tsohuwar Maine North High School, da Ben Rose House a Highland Park, da kuma shahararren gidan Alone a Winnetka, Illinois

Wasanni

Don ƙarin cikakken jerin, duba Jerin ƙungiyoyin wasanni masu ƙwarewa a cikin Illinois.

Babban wasannin wasanni

A matsayin ɗayan manyan biranen Amurka, duk manyan wasannin wasanni suna da ƙungiyoyi masu hedkwata a Chicago. Akwai manyan kungiyoyin kwallon kwando biyu na kungiyar kwallon kwando a cikin jihar. Chicagoungiyar Chicago Cungiyar Leaguewallon Nationalasa suna wasa a babban filin wasa na biyu mafi tsufa (Wrigley Field) kuma sanannu ne sanadiyyar fari mafi tsayi a cikin dukkanin manyan wasannin Amurka: ba cin Kofin Duniya tun 1908. Duk da haka, wannan ya ƙare a Shekarar 2016 lokacin da Kabilanci suka sami nasarar jerin su na farko a duniya cikin shekaru 108. Wannan fari a ƙarshe ya zo ƙarshe lokacin da uban wasan suka doke Cleveland Indiyawa a cikin wasanni bakwai don cin nasarar 2016 World Series. Chicago White Sox na Kungiyar Amurka ta lashe Gasar Duniya a 2005, na farko tun shekarar 1917. Suna wasa a gefen kudu na gari a filin Tabbacin Rate.
Footballungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Chicago Bears ta lashe gasar zakarun NFL sau tara, na ƙarshe da ya faru a Super Bowl XX ranar 26 ga Janairu, 1986.
Chicago Bulls na NBA na ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararrun ƙwallon kwando a duniya, galibi sakamakon ƙoƙarin Michael Jordan, wanda ya jagoranci ƙungiyar zuwa gasar NBA shida a cikin yanayi takwas a cikin 1990s. Chicago Blackhawks na NHL sun fara wasa a 1926, kuma sun zama memba na Asalin Asali sau ɗaya lokacin da NHL ta sauka zuwa wannan adadin ƙungiyar yayin Yaƙin Duniya na II. Blackhawks sun ci Kofin Stanley shida, na baya-bayan nan a cikin 2015. Chicago Fire F.C. memba ne na MLS kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin da suka fi nasara a gasar sannan kuma aka fi tallafawa tun lokacin da aka kafa ta a shekarar 1997, ta lashe gasar laliga daya da Lamar Hunt US Open Cups hudu a wannan lokacin. Playedungiyar ta buga wasa a Bridgeview, kusa da Chicago daga 2006 zuwa 2019. Yanzu ƙungiyar tana wasa a Filin Soja a Chicago.

Sauran wasannin kwararru na matakin farko

Chicago Red Stars sun taka leda a matakin farko na ƙwallon ƙafa mata na Amurka tun lokacin da aka kafa su a 2009, ban da a kakar 2011. Currentlyungiyar a yanzu tana wasa a Sowallon Women'swallon Mata na Nationalasa, suna raba filin wasa tare da Wuta.
Chicago Sky ta taka leda a Kungiyar Kwallon Kwando ta Mata, kungiyar 'yar'uwar NBA, tun 2006.

Leagueananan wasannin wasanni

Yawancin ƙananan rukunin ƙungiyoyi kuma suna kiran Illinois gidansu. Sun hada da:

Bloomington Edge na Footballwallon Kwallon Cikin gida

Bloomington Flex na westungiyar Kwando na Kwallon Kafa ta Midwest

Bandan Chicago Chicago na NPF, ƙungiyar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata; sun lashe kofunan wasanni hudu, na baya-bayan nan a 2016

Chicago Red Stars ta NWSL, a baya ta Kungiyar Kwallon Kwallan Mata ta Mata (WPS) da kuma Firimiyan Kwallan Mata (WPSL) 

Chicago Wolves ƙungiyar AHL ce da ke wasa a cikin ƙauyen Rosemont

Wayofar Grizzlies na Fungiyar Frontier a Sauget, Illinois
Ugungiyoyin Kane na ofungiyar Midwest League

Masarautar Al'ada ta ronungiyar Frontier
Joliet Slammers na ronungiyar Yamma

Shugabannin Peoria na Midwest League

Yan Kogin Peoria ƙungiyar SPHL ce

Rockford Aviators na ronungiyar Frontier

Rockford IceHogs ƙungiyar AHL ce

Sungiyoyin Schaumburg na Fungiyar Frontier

Kudancin Illinois Miners waɗanda suka fito daga Marion a cikin Frontier League

Windwararrun ywararrun ywararru, suna wasa a cikin garin Chicago na Hoffman Estates, na NBA G League

Wasannin kwaleji

Jihar ta ƙunshi shirye-shiryen wasannin motsa jiki 13 waɗanda ke gasa a cikin NCAA Division I, mafi girman matakin wasannin kwalejin Amurka.

Manyan mutane biyu sune Illinois Fighting Illini da Northwest Wildcats, dukkansu mambobi ne na Babban Taron Goma kuma su kaɗai ne ke takara a ɗaya daga cikin abin da ake kira "Power Five conferences". Footballungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Fighting Illini ta lashe gasar zakarun ƙasa biyar da Wasannin Bow Bowl sau uku, yayin da ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza ta ci nasara a lokutan taro 17 kuma ta buga Fours biyar. A halin yanzu, Wildcats sun ci gasar zakarun kwallon kafa takwas da kuma Wasan Wasan Bowl guda daya. 

Huskies na Arewacin Illinois daga DeKalb, Illinois sun fafata a cikin Taron Amurkawa na Tsakiya inda suka lashe gasar zakarun hudu kuma suka samu fa'ida a cikin Orange Bowl tare da samar da dan takarar Heisman Jordan Lynch a wasan da aka buga. Huskies sune kawai ƙungiyar da ke gasa a cikin Kwallon Kwallon Kwallon Kafa, matakin matakin ƙwallon ƙafa na NCAA.
 
 Makarantu huɗu suna da shirye-shiryen ƙwallon ƙafa waɗanda ke gasa a mataki na biyu na ƙwallon ƙafa na I, diarancin Gasar Kwallon kafa. Yankin Redbirds na Jihar Illinois (Na al'ada, kusa da Bloomington) da Kudancin Illinois Salukis (wakiltar babban harabar Jami'ar Kudancin Illinois a Carbondale) mambobi ne na Taron Missouri Valley (MVC) don wasanni mara ƙwallon ƙafa da kuma taron ƙwallon ƙafa na Missouri Valley (MVFC). Western Illinois Leathernecks (Macomb) cikakkun membobi ne na Kungiyar Koli, wacce ba ta daukar nauyin wasan kwallon kafa, sannan kuma suna fafatawa a MVFC. Gabashin Illinois Panthers (Charleston) membobi ne na Taron Kwarin Ohio (OVC).
 
 Birnin Chicago gida ne ga shirye-shirye na Division I huɗu waɗanda ba sa tallafawa ƙwallon ƙafa. DePaul Blue Demons, tare da manyan makarantu a Lincoln Park da Loop, membobin Big East Conference ne. Loyola Ramblers, tare da babban harabar makarantar da ke ragargaza yankunan Edgewater da Rogers Park a gefen arewa mai nisa na gari, suna gasa a cikin MVC. Harshen UIC, daga Near West Side kusa da Madauki, suna cikin Horizon League. Ugungiyar Cougars ta Jihar Chicago, daga gefen kudu na birni, suna fafatawa a Taron Wasannin Yammacin Turai.
 
 A ƙarshe, shirye-shiryen rukunin I na biyu waɗanda ba ƙwallon ƙafa ba suna ƙasa. Bradley Braves (Peoria) membobin MVC ne, kuma SIU Edwardsville Cougars (a cikin yankin Metro Gabas ta hayin Kogin Mississippi daga St. Louis) suna gasa a cikin OVC
Horar da filin wasan motsa jiki na Chicago

Teamsungiyoyin tawaga

Garin ya kasance gida ga wasu ƙungiyoyi da yawa waɗanda ko dai sun kasa rayuwa ko kuma suna cikin wasannin da suka ninka.

Chicago Blitz, Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Amurka 1983–1984

Stungiyar Chicago, Leaguewallon Northwallon Arewacin Amurka daga 1975–1984 da Babban Majorwallon ccerwallon Cikin gida

Coungiyar Cougars ta Chicago, Houngiyar Hockey ta Duniya daga 1972-1975

Roungiyar Chicago Rockers, Basungiyar Kwando ta Nahiyar

Chicago Skyliners, Basungiyar Kwando ta Amurka 2000-01

The Chicago Bruisers, Arena Kwallon Kafa na 1987-1989

Chicagoarfin Chicago, Leaguewallon Professionalwallon Professionalwallan Nationalasa na 1984–2001

Chicagoungiyar Chicago Blaze, Leaguewallon Kwando ta Mata ta Nationalasa

Na'urar Chicago, Babban League Lacrosse

Chicago Whales na Tarayyar Baseball League, gasar hamayya da Major League Baseball daga 1914 zuwa 1916

Gattawan Americanasar Amurka na Chicago na ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon Negro, 1910-1952

Chicago Bruins na Leaguewallon Kwando na Nationalasa, 1939–1942

The Chicago Studebaker Flyers na NBL, 1942–43

The Chicago American Gears na NBL, 1944–1947

Chicago Stags na Basungiyar Kwando ta Amurka, 1946–1950

Chicago Majors na Baswallon Kwando na Amurka, 1961-1963

Chicago Express na ECHL

Chicago Enforcers na XFL pro wasan kwallon kafa

Wutar Chicago, Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya 1974

The Chicago Winds, Footballwallon Worldwallon Duniya na 1975

Taron Hustle na Chicago, Kungiyar Kwallon Kwando ta Mata ta Mata daga 1978-1981

Chicago Mustangs, ccerwallon Kwallan Arewacin Amurka 1966-1967

The Chicago Rush, Arena Kwallon Kafa na 2001 - 2013

The Chicago Storm, Baƙin Amincewa da Amurka Slo-Pitch League (APSPL), 1977-1978

Chicagoungiyar Talla ta Nationasar ta Chicago, Softasar Wasannin Kwando ta Arewacin Amirka (NASL),

Teamsungiyoyin da aka sauya

Cardinal Cardinal na NFL, wanda ke wasa a yanzu a cikin garin Phoenix na Glendale, Arizona, ya taka leda a Chicago a matsayin Chicago Cardinal, har sai ya koma St. Expansionungiyar fadada NBA da aka sani da Chicago Packers a 1961-1962, kuma a matsayin Chicago Zephyrs a shekara mai zuwa, sun ƙaura zuwa Baltimore bayan kakar 1962-1963. Yanzu ana kiran sunan kamfani da Washington Wizards.

Kungiyoyin wasanni masu kwarewa a wajen Chicago

Shugabannin Peoria da Kane County Cougars ƙananan ƙwallon baseball ne waɗanda ke da alaƙa da MLB. Schaumburg Boomers da Lake County Fielders mambobi ne na Arewacin Amurka League, da kuma Kudancin Illinois Miners, Gateway Grizzlies, Joliet Slammers, Windy City ThunderBolts, da Normal CornBelters suna cikin Frontier League.

Baya ga Chicago Wolves, AHL kuma tana da Rockford IceHogs da ke aiki a matsayin AHL reshen Chicago Blackhawks. Zama na biyu na Peoria Rivermen yana wasa a cikin SPHL.

Gudun mota

Waƙoƙin motsa jiki na oval a Chicagoland Speedway a Joliet, da Chicago Motor Speedway a Cicero da kuma Gateway International Raceway a Madison, kusa da St. Kungiyoyin tsere na kasa da na yanki, sun ziyarci Kungiyar Kwallan Kasa ta Autobahn da ke Joliet, da Blackhawk Farms Raceway a Kudancin Beloit da kuma tsohon Meadowdale International Raceway a Carpentersville. Har ila yau, Illinois tana da gajeren waƙoƙi da dama da dama. Hanyar da aka zana a Gateway International Raceway da Hanyar 66 Raceway, wanda ke zaune akan gida ɗaya kamar Chicagoland Speedway, duka biyun suna karɓar bakuncin wasan NHRA.

Golf

Illinois ta ƙunshi kwasa-kwasan golf da yawa, irin su Olympia Fields, Medinah, Midlothian, Cog Hill, da Conway Farms, waɗanda galibi ke karɓar bakuncin BMW Championship, Western Open, da Western Western Open. Hakanan, jihar ta dauki nauyin bugu 13 na US Open (na baya-bayan nan a filin Olympia a 2003), sau shida na PGA Championship (na baya-bayan nan a Medinah a 2006), sau uku na US Open Open (na baya-bayan nan a The Merit Club), Kofin Solheim na 2009 (a gonakin Girbi na Rich), da Kofin Ryder na 2012 (a Madinah).

John Deere Classic shine taron PGA Tour na yau da kullun da ake bugawa a cikin Quad Cities tun daga 1971, yayin da Encompass Championship taron ne na Zagayen Gasar tun daga 2013. A da, LPGA State Farm Classic ta kasance taron LPGA Tour daga 1976 zuwa 2011.

Wuraren shakatawa da shakatawa

Don ƙarin cikakken jerin, duba Jerin wuraren kariya na Illinois. Tsarin wuraren shakatawa na jihar Illinois ya fara ne a cikin 1908 tare da filin da ake kira Fort Massac State Park a yanzu, ya zama filin shakatawa na farko a cikin tsarin da ya kunshi wuraren shakatawa 60 kuma kusan adadin wuraren nishaɗi da na namun daji. Yankunan da ke karkashin kariyar National Park Service sun hada da: Illinois da Michigan Canal National Heritage Corridor kusa da Lockport,  the Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail, da Lincoln Home National Historic Site a Springfield, Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail, the Tafarkin Hawaye na Tarihin Tarihi na Nationalasa, Hanyar Gano Amurka, da Tashar Tarihin Kasa ta Pullman. Gwamnatin tarayya kuma tana kula da Dajin Kasa na Shawnee da Midewin National Tallgrass Prairie.

Doka da siyasa

Babban labarai: Dokar Illinois da Siyasar Illinois

Gwamnatin Jiha

Babban Labari: Gwamnatin Illinois
Gwamnatin Illinois, a ƙarƙashin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Illinois, tana da rassa uku na gwamnati: zartarwa, majalisa da kuma shari'a. An rarraba bangaren zartarwa zuwa zababbun ofisoshi da yawa a duk fadin jihar, tare da gwamnan a matsayin shugaban zartarwa. An ba da ayyukan majalisa ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Illinois. Theungiyar shari'a ta ƙunshi Kotun Supremeoli da ƙananan kotuna.Majalisar ta Illinois ita ce majalisar dokoki ta jihar, wacce ta kunshi wakilai 118 na majalisar wakilai ta Illinois da mambobi 59 na majalisar dattijan Illinois. Membobin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ana zabarsu a farkon kowace shekara har ma da lambobi. Ka'idodin da aka Haɗa na Illinois (ILCS) ƙa'idodi ne waɗanda aka tsara na janar kuma mai ɗorewa. Theungiyar zartarwa ta ƙunshi zaɓaɓɓun jami'ai shida da ofisoshinsu da sauran sassa da yawa.  Jami’an da aka zaba su shida sun hada da: Gwamna, Laftanar Gwamna, Babban Lauya, Sakataren Gwamnati, Kwanturola, da Ma’aji. Gwamnatin Illinois tana da sassa da yawa, hukumomi, almara da kwamitocin, amma wadanda ake kira sassan sassan suna samar da mafi yawan aiyukan jihar. 

Judungiyar Shari'a ta Illinois ita ce tsarin kotu ɗaya na Illinois. Ya ƙunshi Kotun Koli, Kotun ɗaukaka ƙara, da Kotunan Circuit. Kotun Koli tana lura da yadda ake gudanar da tsarin kotuna.
 
 Rukunin gudanarwa na Illinois sune gundumomi, ƙauyuka, gundumomi, birane, garuruwa, ƙauyuka, da gundumomi na musamman. Ainihin rashi na Illinois sune gundumomi 102.Kashi tamanin da biyar daga cikin gundumomi 102 kuma an raba su zuwa garuruwa da gundumomi.Gwamnatocin birni su ne birane, ƙauyuka, da garuruwan da aka kafa.Wasu yankuna suna da dokar gida, wanda ke basu damar mulkar kansu zuwa wani mizani.
Daidaita jam’iyya

Illinois yanki ne mai karfi na Democrat. A tarihi, Illinois ƙasa ce mai sauya siyasa, tare da kusancin daidaito tsakanin 'yan Republican da Democratic. Koyaya, a zabubbukan da suka gabata, Jam'iyyar Demokraɗiyya ta sami ci gaba, kuma ana ganin Illinois a matsayin ƙasa mai ƙarfi "shuɗi" a cikin kamfen ɗin shugaban ƙasa. Kuri'u daga Chicago da galibi na Cook County sun daɗe suna da ƙarfi na Demokraɗiya. Duk da haka, "ƙananan kololin" (yankunan da ke kewaye da Chicago's Cook County, Illinois), ana iya ganin su a matsayin gundumomi masu jefa ƙuri'a. Garuruwan kwaleji kamar Carbondale, Champaign, da Normal suma sun rataya a kan Democrat.

Gwamna J. B. Pritzker (D) 'Yan Republican na ci gaba da yin galaba a yankunan karkara na arewa da tsakiyar Illinois, da kuma kudancin Illinois a wajen Gabashin St. Daga 1920 zuwa 1972, Illinois ta kasance mai nasara ga kowane ɗayan waɗannan zaɓukan shugaban ƙasa 14.  A zahiri, an daɗe ana ganin jihar a matsayin mai kararrawar ƙasa, tana goyon bayan wanda ya yi nasara a kowane zaɓe a ƙarni na 20, ban da 1916 da 1976. Sabanin haka, Illinois ta fi karkata zuwa ga jam'iyyar Democrat, kuma ta zaɓi su ‘yan takarar shugaban kasa a zabuka shida da suka gabata; a 2000, George W. Bush ya zama ɗan Republican na farko da ya ci shugabancin ba tare da ɗauke da ɗayan Illinois ko Vermont ba. Dan siyasa na gari kuma dan asalin Chicago Barrack Obama cikin sauki ya samu nasarar kuri’u 21 na jihar a shekarar 2008, da kashi 61.9% na kuri’un. A shekarar 2010, an sake zabar gwamna mai ci Pat Quinn da kashi 47% na kuri’un, yayin da aka zabi Mark Kirk dan Republican zuwa ga Majalisar Dattawa da kashi 48% na kuri’un. A shekarar 2012, cikin sauki Shugaba Obama ya sake daukar Illinois, tare da kashi 58% zuwa dan takarar Republican Mitt Romney na kashi 41%. A shekarar 2014, dan Republican Bruce Rauner ya kayar da Gwamna Quinn 50% zuwa 46% don zama gwamnan jihar Illinois na farko a cikin shekaru 12 bayan an rantsar da shi a ranar 12 ga Janairun 2015, yayin da aka sake zaben sanata Dick Durbin na Democrat da kashi 53% na kuri’un. A 2016, Hillary Clinton ta dauki Illinois da kashi 55% na kuri’un, kuma Tammy Duckworth ya kayar da shugaba mai ci Mark Kirk 54% zuwa 40%. George W. Bush da Donald Trump su ne ‘yan takarar shugabancin Amurka na Jam’iyyar Republican da suka yi nasara ba tare da dauke ko daya daga Illinois ko Vermont ba. A cikin 2018, Democrat JB Pritzker ya kayar da mai ci Bruce Rauner na takarar gwamna da kashi 54% na kuri’un.

Tarihin rashawa

Babban labarin: Cin hanci da rashawa na siyasa a cikin Illinois Siyasa a cikin jihar tayi kaurin suna game da shari'o'in cin hanci da rashawa da ake gani sosai, haka kuma ga masu neman kawo sauyi, kamar gwamnoni Adlai Stevenson da James R. Thompson. A shekarar 2006, an yankewa tsohon gwamna George Ryan hukunci da laifin yin almubazzaranci da rashawa, lamarin da ya sa aka yanke masa hukuncin daurin shekara shida da rabi. A shekarar 2008, an yi wa Gwamna Rod Blagojevich na wancan lokacin wani korafin aikata laifuka kan tuhumar cin hanci da rashawa, wanda ya samo asali daga zargin da ake masa cewa ya hada baki ya sayar da kujerar Sanata da Shugaba Barack Obama ya bari ga wanda ya fi girma. Bayan haka, a ranar 7 ga Disamba, 2011, an yanke wa Rod Blagojevich hukuncin daurin shekaru 14 a kurkuku game da waɗannan tuhume-tuhumen, da kuma yin ƙarya a yayin da yake ba da shaida yayin shari’ar, jimillar hukunci 18. Blagojevich ya tsige kuma majalisar ta yanke masa hukunci, wanda ya haifar da cire shi daga mukaminsa. A ƙarshen ƙarni na 20, ɗan majalisa Dan Rostenkowski ya kasance a kurkuku saboda damfara da wasiƙa; tsohon gwamna kuma alkalin tarayya Otto Kerner, Jr. ya kasance a kurkuku saboda cin hanci; An binciki Sakataren Gwamnati Paul Powell kuma an gano cewa ya sami dukiya mai yawa ta hanyar rashawa, kuma an tsare mai binciken kudi na Jiha (Kwanturola) na Jihar Orville Hodge saboda almubazzaranci. A cikin 1912, an kori William Lorimer, shugaban GOP na Chicago, daga Majalisar Dattijan Amurka saboda cin hanci kuma a cikin 1921, an gano Gwamna Len Small ya damfari jihar dala miliyan.

Zaben shugaban kasar Amurka

Babban Labari: Zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na Amurka a Illinois
Illinois ta nuna karfi sosai a zaben shugaban kasa. Shugabannin uku sun yi iƙirarin Illinois a matsayin tushen siyasarsu lokacin da suke takarar shugaban ƙasa: Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, da kuma kwanan nan Barack Obama. Lincoln an haife shi ne a Kentucky, amma ya koma Illinois yana da shekara 21. Ya yi aiki a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kuma ya wakilci gundumar majalisa ta 7 a Majalisar Wakilan Amurka kafin a zabe shi ya zama shugaban kasa a 1860. Ulysses S. Grant an haife shi ne a Ohio kuma yana da aikin soja wanda ya hana zama, amma a jajibirin yakin basasa da kuma kusanci da matsakaitan shekaru, ya koma Illinois kuma ta haka ne ya yi amfani da jihar a matsayin gidansa da tushen siyasa lokacin da yake takarar shugaban kasa. An haifi Barack Obama ne a Hawaii kuma ya mayar da Illinois gidansa bayan ya kammala karatun karatun lauya, sannan daga baya ya wakilci Illinois a Majalisar Dattawan Amurka. Sannan ya zama shugaban kasa a shekara ta 2008, yana takara a matsayin dan takara daga cibiyar sa ta Illinois.

Ronald Reagan an haife shi ne a Illinois, a cikin garin Tampico, ya tashi ne a Dixon, Illinois, kuma ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Eureka, a wajen Peoria. Daga baya Reagan ya koma California yayin samartakarsa. Sannan ya zama dan wasan kwaikwayo, sannan daga baya ya zama Gwamnan California kafin a zabe shi shugaban kasa.

An haifi Hillary Clinton kuma ta girma a cikin unguwannin bayan gari na Chicago kuma ta zama mace ta farko da ta wakilci wata babbar jam’iyyar siyasa a babban zaben shugabancin Amurka. Clinton ta gudu ne daga wani dandamali da ke jihar New York.

'Yan majalisar dattijan Amurka na Afirka-Amurka

Ba'amurke Ba'amurke guda tara sun yi aiki a matsayin membobin Majalisar Dattawan Amurka. Cikin su uku sun wakilci Illinois, mafi yawan kowace jiha: Carol Moseley-Braun, Barack Obama, da Roland Burris, wanda aka nada don maye gurbin Obama bayan zaben sa zuwa ga shugaban kasa. Moseley-Braun ita ce mace Ba-Amurke ta farko da ta fara zama Sanatan Amurka.

Iyalan siyasa

Iyalai uku daga Illinois sun taka rawar gani musamman a cikin Jam'iyyar Democrat, suna samun suna a duk faɗin jihar da ƙasa.

Stevenson

Iyalin Stevenson, waɗanda aka fara tushe a tsakiyar Illinois kuma daga baya suka kasance a cikin yankin babban birnin Chicago, sun ba da ƙarni huɗu na masu ofisoshin Illinois. Adlai Stevenson I (1835–1914) ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban Amurka, haka kuma dan majalisa Lewis Stevenson (1868-1929), ɗan Adlai, ya yi aiki a matsayin Sakataren Gwamnati na Illinois. Adlai Stevenson II (1900-1965), ɗan Lewis, ya yi aiki a matsayin Gwamnan Illinois kuma ya zama Ambasadan Amurka a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya; ya kuma kasance dan takarar shugaban kasa na jam’iyyar Democrat a 1952 da 1956, inda ya sha kaye a zabukan biyu ga Dwight Eisenhower.
Adlai Stevenson III (1930–), ɗan Adlai na II, ya yi shekaru goma a matsayin Sanatan Amurka.

Daley

Gidan gidan Daley ya kasance a Chicago.

Richard J. Daley (1902-1976) ya yi aiki a matsayin Magajin Garin Chicago daga 1955 zuwa rasuwarsa.

Richard M. Daley (1942–), ɗan Richard J, shi ne magajin gari mafi dadewa a Chicago, a ofis daga 1989 zuwa 2011.

William M. Daley (1948–), wani ɗan Richard J, tsohon Shugaban Ma’aikata ne na Fadar White House kuma ya yi aiki a wurare da yawa da aka naɗa.

Pritzker Iyalin Pritzker

suna zaune ne a Birnin Chicago kuma sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin masu zaman kansu da kuma na jama'a. Jay Pritzker (1922-1999), co-kafa Hyatt Hotel da ke Chicago. Penny Pritzker (an haife shi a 1959), Sakataren Ciniki na Amurka na 38 a karkashin Shugaba Barack Obama. J.B Pritzker (an haife shi a shekara ta 1965), gwamnan jihar Illinois na yanzu kuma na 43 kuma wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar Pritzker.

Ilimi

Hukumar Ilimi ta Jihar Illinois Babban labarin: Hukumar Ilimi ta Jihar Illinois Hukumar Ilimi ta Jihar Illinois (ISBE) tana da ikon cin gashin kai na gwamna da na majalisar dokoki ta jihar, kuma tana gudanar da ilimin jama’a a jihar. Localananan hukumomi da gundumomin makarantunsu suna aiki da makarantun jama'a ɗayansu, amma ISBE tana duba ayyukan makarantun gwamnati tare da Katin Rahoton Makarantar Illinois. Kungiyar ta ISBE tana kuma ba da shawarwari ga shugabannin jihohi dangane da kashe kudade da manufofin ilimi.

Firamare da sakandare

Duba kuma: Jerin gundumomin makaranta a cikin Illinois da Jerin manyan makarantu a cikin Illinois

Ilimi ya zama tilas ga shekaru 7-17 a cikin Illinois. Makarantu galibi, amma ba na musamman ba, sun kasu kashi uku na ilimin firamare da na sakandare: makarantar firamare, makarantar sakandare ko karamar sakandare, da sakandare. Yankunan gundumomi galibi suna da rikitarwa cikin tsari. Yankuna da yawa a cikin jihar a zahiri suna cikin gundumomin makaranta biyu-ɗaya na makarantar sakandare, ɗayan na firamare da na tsakiya. Kuma irin waɗannan gundumomin ba lallai bane su raba iyaka. Wata makarantar sakandare da aka bayar na iya samun yankuna na farko da suke ciyarwa a ciki, amma wasu daga cikin wadannan yankuna masu ciyarwar su da kansu zasu iya ciyarwa a cikin gundumomin makarantar sakandare da yawa

Kolejoji da jami’o’i

Don ƙarin cikakken jerin, duba Jerin kwalejoji da jami'o'i a cikin Illinois.Jami'ar Chicago Ta yin amfani da ma'aunin da Gidauniyar Carnegie ta Bunƙasa na Koyarwa ta kafa, akwai "Jami'o'in Nationalasa" goma sha ɗaya a cikin jihar. Jami'ar Chicago tana ci gaba da zama ɗayan ɗayan manyan jami'o'in duniya goma a kan martaba daban-daban na jami'a, da Makarantar Kasuwancin Booth, tare da Kellogg School of Management na Arewa maso Yamma suna ci gaba da kasancewa cikin manyan makarantun kasuwanci guda biyar a cikin ƙasar da kuma goma. a duniya. Jami'ar Illinois a Urbana – Champaign galibi ana daga cikin manyan makarantun injiniya a duniya da Amurka. Ya zuwa ranar 19 ga Agusta 2010, shida daga cikin wadannan darajar a cikin "matakin farko" a cikin manyan Jami'o'in Kasa na 500 a cikin kasar, kamar yadda matsayin Amurka News & World Report ya kayyade: Jami'ar Chicago, Northwest University, Jami'ar Illinois a Urbana – Champaign, Loyola University Chicago, Illinois Institute of Technology, DePaul University, University of Illinois a Chicago, Illinois State University, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, da Northern Illinois University. Har ila yau, Illinois na da fiye da ƙarin ashirin da jami'o'in shekaru huɗu da aka amince da su, na jama'a da masu zaman kansu, da kuma ɗaliban ƙananan kwalejojin fasaha masu sassaucin ra'ayi a duk faɗin jihar. Bugu da ƙari, Illinois na tallafawa kwalejojin jama'a na jama'a 49 a cikin Tsarin Kwalejin Communityungiyoyin Jama'a na Illinois.

Tallafin makaranta

Makarantu a cikin Illinois suna samun kuɗin farko da harajin kadarori, bisa la'akari da kimar ƙasa game da ƙimar mallakar ƙasa, maimakon gudummawar jihar kai tsaye. Wani masani Tracy Steffes ya bayyana ilimin jama'a na Illinois a matsayin tarihi "mara daidaito," tsarin da daya daga "mafiya arziki a jihohi" shine "mafi tsananin goyon baya ga ilimi." An yi ƙoƙari da yawa don sake fasalin kuɗin makaranta a cikin Illinois. Attemptarin sanannen ƙoƙari ya zo a cikin 1973 tare da karɓar Resoa'idodin Equalizer na Illinoisasashen Illinois, gwargwadon abin da aka sa ran za a iya tattara kuɗaɗen kuma a rarraba wa makarantun Illinois cikin adalci. Koyaya, hamayya daga al'ummomin Illinois masu wadata waɗanda ke adawa da biyan kuɗi ga gundumomin makarantu marasa wadata (yawancin su yawancin al'ummomin Bakar Fata, wanda aka samar ta hanyar jan layi, jirgin sama fari, da sauran hanyoyin rarrabuwar kawuna) ya haifar da soke tsarin a ƙarshen 1980s.

Kayan more rayuwa

Sufuri Jami'ar Illinois Willard Filin jirgin sama Duba kuma: Jerin filayen jiragen sama a cikin Illinois, Jerin Hanyoyin Illinois, Jerin hanyoyin Railway na Illinois, da Rukuni: Hanyoyin ruwan Illinois
Saboda matsayinta na tsakiya da kusancinsa da Rust Belt da Belt Grain, Illinois babbar hanyar ƙasa ce don iska, mota, dogo, da zirga-zirgar manyan motoci.

Filin jirgin sama

A Cikin Filin Jirgin Sama na O'Hare
Daga 1962 har zuwa 1998, Filin jirgin saman O'Hare na Kasa da Kasa (ORD) na Chicago shine filin jirgin saman da ya fi kowane kasuwa a duniya, ana auna shi dangane da jimlar jirgi da fasinjoji. Yayin da Hartsfield na Atlanta ya wuce shi a 1998 (yayin da Chicago ta raba zirga-zirgar jiragen sama tsakanin filayen jiragen saman O'Hare da Midway, yayin da Atlanta ke amfani da filin jirgin sama daya), tare da fasinjoji miliyan 59.3 na cikin gida a kowace shekara, tare da fasinjoji miliyan 11.4 na duniya a 2008,  O'Hare ya ci gaba da kasancewa ɗayan manyan filayen jirgin sama biyu ko uku a duniya, kuma a cikin wasu shekaru har yanzu yana kan na ɗaya a cikin jimlar jirage. Babban matattara ce ga jiragen sama na United da na American Airlines, kuma yanzu haka ana kan aikin fadada tashar jirgin sama. Filin jirgin saman Midway (MDW), wanda ya kasance filin jirgin saman da ya fi cunkoson ababen hawa a duniya a wani lokaci har sai da O'Hare ya maye gurbinsa a matsayin filin saukar jirage mafi hadari a 1962, yanzu filin jirgin sama ne na biyu a cikin yankin babban birnin Chicago kuma har yanzu yana matsayin ɗaya daga cikin filayen jiragen sama na kasar. Midway shine babban tashar jirgin saman Kudu maso Yamma kuma yana amfani da sauran masu jigilar kayayyaki da yawa. Midway yayi hidimar fasinjoji miliyan 17.3 na cikin gida da na waje a shekarar 2008.

Rail 

Babban hanyar sadarwa ta Illinois Illinois tana da fasinja mai yawa da hanyar sadarwar jirgin ƙasa. Chicago cibiyar Amtrak ce ta ƙasa kuma Amtrak's Illinois Service ne ke hidimar fasinjojin cikin jihar, wanda ke nuna Chicago zuwa Carbondale Illini da Saluki, da Chicago zuwa Quincy Carl Sandburg da Illinois Zephyr, da kuma Chicago zuwa St. Louis Lincoln Service. A halin yanzu akwai ayyukan waƙa a kan Chicago – St. Layin Louis don kawo saurin gudu zuwa 110 mph (180 km / h), wanda zai rage lokacin tafiya da awa ɗaya da rabi. Kusan kowane layin dogo na Arewacin Amurka ya hadu a Chicago, yana mai da shi babbar tashar jirgin ƙasa mafi girma a cikin ƙasar. An samar da layin dogo masu zirga-zirga a cikin gari daidai da wasu yankuna na kusa da nan ta hanyar tsarin 'L' na Kamfanin Transit na Chicago. Daya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin jirgin kasa da ke zirga-zirga a cikin Amurka, wanda kamfanin Metra ke sarrafawa, yana amfani da layukan dogo da ake da su don samar da hanyoyin jirgin kasa kai tsaye ga daruruwan garuruwa zuwa cikin gari da kuma bayan. Baya ga layukan dogo na jihar, Kogin Mississippi da Kogin Illinois suna samar da manyan hanyoyin sufuri don amfanin gonar jihar. Tafkin Michigan ya ba Illinois damar zuwa Tekun Atlantika ta hanyar Saint Lawrence Seaway.

Tsarin babbar hanyar babbar hanyar

Babban labarin: Jerin manyan hanyoyi a cikin Illinois
Manyan titin manyan hanyoyi a cikin Illinois dukkan bangarori ne na babbar hanyar babbar hanyar da mallakar ta ne ta jihar. Illinois na da bambancin kasancewar manyan firamomi na farko (lamba biyu) sun ratsa ta cikin dukkanin jihohin 50 tare da 13. Illinois kuma tana matsayi na uku a cikin jihohi hamsin da ke da nisan kilomita mafi kusa, wanda ke zuwa bayan California da Texas, waɗanda suke da yawa manyan jihohi a yankin. Manyan titunan babbar hanyar Amurka da ke ratsa jihar sun hada da: babbar hanyar 24 (I-24), I-39, I-41, I-55, I-57, I-64, I-70, I-72, I-74, I -80, I-88, I-90, da kuma I-94.

Tsarin babbar hanyar Amurka

Babban labarin: Jerin manyan hanyoyin Amurka a cikin Illinois Ma'aikatar Sufuri ta Illinois (IDOT) ce ke da alhakin kiyaye manyan hanyoyin Amurka a cikin Illinois. Tsarin a cikin Illinois ya ƙunshi manyan hanyoyin mota 21 na farko. Daga cikin manyan hanyoyin Amurka da suka ratsa jihar, manyan hanyoyin sune: US 6, US 12, US 14, US 20, US 24, US 30, US 34, US 36, US 40, US 41, US 45, US 50 , US 51, US 52, US 54, US 60, US 62, da Amurka 67.