Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access
Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access ( FOMA ) shine sunan alamar sabis na sadarwar 3G na tushen W-CDMA wanda mai ba da sabis na sadarwa na Japan NTT DoCoMo ke bayarwa . Yana aiwatar da Tsarin Sadarwar Wayar hannu ta Duniya (UMTS) kuma shine sabis na bayanan wayar hannu na 3G na farko a duniya don fara ayyukan kasuwanci.

NTT DoCoMo kuma yana ba da sabis na HSPA mai suna FOMA High-Speed ( FOMAハイスピード), wanda ke ba da saurin saukar da sauri zuwa 7.2 Mbit/s da haɓakawa zuwa 5.7 Mbit/s.

Tarihi 
NTT DoCoMo ya haɓaka hanyar haɗin iska ta W-CDMA, wanda shine nau'i na DS-CDMA (Direct Sequence CDMA), a ƙarshen 1990s. . Daga baya ITU ta karɓe ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin sadarwa na iska da yawa don shirin IMT-2000telecom kuma ta ETSI a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin sadarwa na iska guda uku don ma'aunin hanyar sadarwar wayar salula ta UMTS .

NTT DoCoMo da farko ya shirya ƙaddamar da sabis na 3G na farko a duniya, wanda aka fara yiwa alama Frontier of Mobile Multimedia Access ( FOMA ), a cikin Mayu 2001.  Koyaya, a watan Mayu 2001, NTT DoCoMo ta dage ƙaddamar da cikakken sikelin har zuwa Oktoba 2001, suna da'awar ba su kammala gwajin dukkanin kayayyakin aikin su ba, kuma za su ƙaddamar da gwajin gabatarwa kawai ga masu biyan kuɗi 4,000.  A yin haka, sun kuma canza sunan sabis ɗin zuwa Freedom of Mobile multimedia Access .  A watan Yuni na shekara ta 2001 masu biyan kuɗi na gwaji sun yi korafin cewa wayoyin hannu ba su da isasshen batir kuma suna yin faɗuwa akai-akai, cewa babu isasshiyar hanyar sadarwa, kuma akwai matsalolin tsaro a cikin wayar kanta.  Sakamakon haka, DoCoMo ya tuno da wayoyin hannu guda 1,500 a ƙarshen Yuni 2001. An ƙaddamar da FOMA cikin nasara a cikin Oktoban shekara ta 2001, yana ba da sadarwar wayar hannu zuwa Tokyo da Yokohama . 

Da farko - a matsayin sabis na 3G na farko na farko a duniya  - Na'urar wayar hannu ta FOMA ta farko sun kasance na gwaji ne, suna yin niyya ga masu karɓa na farko, sun fi girma fiye da wayoyin hannu na baya, suna da ƙarancin batir, yayin da cibiyar sadarwa ta farko ta rufe cibiyar kawai. na manyan garuruwa da biranen Japan. A cikin shekaru 1-2 na farko, FOMA shine ainihin sabis na gwaji don masu riko da farko - wanda ya fi karkata akan ƙwararrun masana'antar sadarwa.

Kamar yadda NTT DoCoMo bai jira ƙarewa da ƙaddamar da ƙayyadaddun hanyoyin sadarwa na 3G Release 99 ba, cibiyar sadarwar su ta 3G W-CDMA da farko ba ta dace da ƙa'idar UMTS da aka tura ta duniya ba.  Koyaya, a cikin 2004 NTT DoCoMo ya aiwatar da haɓaka mai faɗi akan hanyar sadarwar sa, yana kawo shi cikin yarda da ƙayyadaddun bayanai tare da ba da damar dacewa 100% tare da wayoyin hannu na UMTS, gami da yawo mai shigowa da mai fita.

Kusan Maris na shekara ta 2004, hanyar sadarwar FOMA ta sami karɓuwa da yawa, kuma tallace-tallacen wayar hannu ya ƙaru. Tun daga ranar 29 ga watan Satumba na shekara ta, 2007, FOMA tana da masu biyan kuɗi sama da miliyan 40.

Tasha 
NTT DoCoMo yana ba da nau'ikan wayoyin hannu masu alamar FOMA, waɗanda aka yi su musamman don kasuwar Japan. Wayoyin hannu na FOMA sun bambanta da wayoyin hannu na yammacin UMTS ta fuskoki da dama, misali:

 Daidaitaccen tsarin menu da caja.
 Takamaiman siffofi na Japan kamar i-mode ko Osaifu-Keitai (walat ɗin lantarki).
 Multiband-support, wanda ya haɗa da band VI a 800 MHz don FOMA Plus-Arewa (sabbin samfura).
 Babu tallafi don aiki mai nau'i biyu tare da GSM/EDGE (sai dai wasu samfuran DoCoMo da aka yiwa alama a matsayin World Wing).

Rarraba yawan mitoci 
A cikin babban birni, FOMA tana amfani da ƙungiyar UMTS I a kusa da 2100 MHz, wanda aka sanya asali zuwa sabis na IMT-2000 a duk duniya, sai a cikin Amurka.  Domin inganta ɗaukar hoto a yankunan karkara da tsaunuka, NTT DoCoMo yana ba da sabis na FOMA a cikin 800. Ƙungiya ta MHz ta asali an sanya ta zuwa sabis na 2G PDC mova, wanda yayi dai-dai da UMTS band VI kuma yayi kama da band V da ake amfani dashi a Amurka .  Waɗannan wuraren da aka faɗaɗa sabis ɗin suna da alamar FOMA Plus-Area ( FOMAプラスエリア) kuma suna buƙatar tashoshi masu yawa.

Manazarta 

Wayar Hannu
Yanar Gizo