Muhammadu Maccido
Ibrahim Muhammadu Maccido ɗan Abubakar (Haihuwa: 20 Afrilu 1928 Rasuwa: 29 Oktoba 2006), wanda aka fi sani da Muhammadu Maccido, shi ne Sarkin Musulmi na 19 a Najeriya . Ya kasance  mataimaki na farko ga Siddiq Abubakar III (1903–1988) wanda ya kasance Sarkin Musulmi na tsawon shekaru 50. Maccido ya yi ayyuka da dama na gwamnati a lokacin rayuwarsa kuma ya yi fice sosai a matsayin mai hulda da Shugaban Nijeriya Shehu Shagari (mulki 1979 – 1983) har zuwa lokacin da sojoji suka yi juyin mulki suka kawar da Shagari daga mulki. Lokacin da mahaifinsa ya mutu a shekarar 1988, shugaban gwamnatin mulkin soji a Najeriya, Ibrahim Babangida ya nada Ibrahim Dasuki (mulki a 1985 – 1993) a matsayin sabon Sarkin Musulmi, shawarar da ta haifar da zanga-zanga mai ƙarfi a duk arewacin Nijeriya.

A shekarar 1996, Sani Abacha (1993 – 1998), tsohon shugaban mulkin sojan Nijeriya 6, ya tumɓuke Dasuki daga muƙaminsa ya kuma naɗa Maccido sabon Sarkin Musulmi. An naɗa Maccido a ranar 21 ga watan Afrilu shekarar 1996 kuma ya yi mulki daga matsayin na tsawon shekaru goma. Ya yi amfani da mukamin don kokarin sasanta rarrabuwar kawuna a tsakanin al’ummar Musulmin arewacin Najeriya, da inganta alaka da sauran al’ummomin Musulmi, da rage rikice-rikicen kabilanci a cikin Najeriya. A ranar 29 ga watan Oktoba shekarar 2006, bayan ganawa da Shugaba Olusegun Obasanjo, Maccido ya mutu a hatsarin jirgin saman kamfanin jirgin sama na ADC Airlines Flight 53, tare da ɗansa Badamasi Maccido, yayin da suke komawa Sakkwato. An binne shi a Sakkwato tare da yawancin sauran Sarakunan na Sakkwato.

Rayuwar farko 
Muhammadu Maccido yana ɗaya daga cikin ‘yan yaran da Sarki Siddiq Abubakar III ya haifa kafin Abubakar ya zama Sarkin Musulmi a shekarar 1938. An haife shi ne a 20 ga watan Afrilu shekarar 1928 a wajen garin Sakkwato a garin Dange Shuni .   Sauran yara da yawa sun mutu yayin haihuwa kuma don haka lokacin da aka haifi Muhammadu ga babbar matar Abubakar Hauwa, an ba shi ƙarin suna Maccido (ma'anar bawa ) don ƙoƙarin kawar da rashin sa'a. Duk da cewa Abubakar ya haifi 'ya'ya biyu ne kawai kafin ya zama Sarkin Musulmi, amma ya riga ya sami karin' ya'ya 53 bayan haka. 

Maccido ya yi fice a kotun Abubakar yayin da yake girma kuma tsarin shugabancin mahaifinsa na da matukar tasiri a karshen mulkin Maccido.  Misali ɗaya shi ne a shekarar 1943 lokacin da Sardauna Ahmadu, wanda ya ƙalubalanci Abubakar a zaɓen a matsayin sarki, ana zarginsa da karkatar da kuɗin haraji kuma Abubakar ya hukunta shi da kurkuku; amma, Ahmadu ya dauki lauya a kudu don daukaka kara kan hukuncin kuma kotun Burtaniya ta ba da umarnin a daina tuhumar. Yanayin siyasa ya yi matukar damuwa bayan wannan kuma daga wannan Maccido ya koyi yin sulhu da abokan adawar siyasa. 

Maccido ya yi karatu a kwalejin da ke Zariya kafin ya yi karatu a shekarar 1952-1953 a Kwalejin Kudancin Devon da ke Burtaniya.

Shiga cikin siyasa 
A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata na mulkin Biritaniya a kan yankin, Maccido ya zama mai tasiri a cikin muƙamin siyasa daban-daban. A shekarar 1951, Maccido ya zama memba na Majalisar Dokoki a Kaduna yana mulkin Hukumar 'Yan Asalin Sakkwato. Kodayake yana da ƙuruciya kuma ƙaramin memba na Majalisar, ya sami damar ƙirƙirar alaƙa da shugabannin farko na Nijeriya da yawa saboda ɗan sarki ne.  A ƙarshen 1950s, Zamfara da sauran al'ummomin arewa sun fara fuskantar rikice-rikicen rikici tare da jam'iyyun siyasa da ke gwagwarmaya da juna kafin zaɓen shekarar 1959. An tura Maccido zuwa ga al'ummomin don zama wakilin masarautar Sokoto a kokarin rage tashin hankali.  Ya rike mukamai daban-daban a Hukumar 'Yan Asalin Sakkwato a cikin shekarun 1950 ciki har da Kansilan Ayyuka (1956), Kansila na Raya Karkara (1959), da Kansilan Aikin Gona (1960). 

Tare da rikice-rikicen bayan samun 'yanci a Najeriya, wanda ya karu sosai bayan kisan Firimiya Sir Ahmadu Bello (daga Sakkwato) a shekarar 1966, Maccido ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen taimaka wa mahaifinsa a kokarin sasanta rikicin. A Sakkwato, wasu fusatattun Musulmai sun yunkuro zuwa Cocin Katolika da nufin rusa ginin a wani bangare na fushin da ake yi wa Ibo da Kirista. Maccido da Marafa, suruki ne ga Ahmadu Bello, sun sadu da taron kuma suka shawo kansu suka watse don hana lalata cocin. 

Shekarar da ta biyo baya, Maccido ya zama Kwamishina na Majalisar zartarwar Jihar Arewa maso Yamma kuma ya yi aiki a Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona sannan daga baya Ma'aikatar Lafiya.  Duk da cewa ya yi nesa da gwamnatocin sojoji a shekarun 1970s, ya yi aiki a matsayin jami’in tuntuba tsakanin masarautar Sakkwato da shugaban Najeriya na tsawon shekaru a lokacin Shugabancin Shehu Shagari . 

A cikin shekarar 1986, Maccido ya bar siyasa a cikin kasar ya koma ga mahaifinsa mara lafiya Abubakar da siyasar cikin gida a Sakkwato. Lokacin da mahaifinsa ya kuduri aniyar rashin lafiya sosai saboda ayyukan ofis, Maccido ya kasance daga cikin Inungiyar Inner don gudanar da Masarautar.

Dasuki a matsayin Sarkin Musulmi 
Abubakar III ya mutu a ranar 1 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 1988 yayin da Ibrahim Babangida ya kasance shugaban gwamnatin mulkin soja ta Najeriya. Kamar yadda yake a gargajiyance a tsarin addinin Sakkwato, masu zaɓen masarautu daban-daban ne suka dauki nauyin lamarin suka zabi Maccido a matsayin sabon Sarkin Musulmi a ranar 3 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 1988. Amma, a ranar 6 ga watan Nuwamba, gwamnatin soja ta Babangida ta yanke hukuncin cewa Ibrahim Dasuki, wanda ya kalubalanci Maccido ga matsayin kuma mashahurin abokin kasuwancin Babangida ne, zai zama sabon sarki. Nan take rikici ya barke a Sakkwato da sauran arewacin Najeriya tare da magoya bayan Maccido wadanda ke nuna rashin amincewarsu da katsalandan din sojoji a cikin masarautu.  Maccido an tura shi gudun hijira zuwa Afirka ta Kudu. 

Ya dawo bayan mulkin Babangida amma bai goyi bayan jajircewar mabiyansa ga Dasuki ba. Ya karfafawa magoya bayansa gwiwa da kada su yi tarayya da mulkin Dasuki kuma su kasance a rabe. Rayuwa ta bunkasa cikin wahalar kudi ga Maccido kuma gidansa ya fara zama mara kyau kuma har wayarsa ta katse saboda rashin biyan kudi.  Musulmai da yawa a arewacin Najeriya sun yi adawa da mulkin Dasuki, tare da jerin korafe korafe da suka hada da cewa Dasuki ya rusa gidan Muhammed Bello, Sarkin Musulmi na biyu, don yin gyare-gyare a harabar gidan sarautar.

Sultan 
Maccido daga baya ya dawo da kuɗi. Ya fara shigo da kayayyaki da sayar da kayayyakin ga 'yan kasuwar gida, kafin ya zama sarki. Marigayi Sani Abacha ne ya cire Ibrahim Dasuki daga wannan muƙamin a ranar 19 ga watan Afrilun shekarar 1996. Ba tare da bin tsarin mulkin gargajiya na Sakkwato ba, Abacha ya nada Maccido a matsayin sabon Sarkin Musulmi kuma an naɗa masa sarauta, ko kuma nadin sarauta, a 21 ga watan  Afrilu 1996 a Sultan Masallacin Bello.  A matsayin Sultan, ya zama jagora na ruhaniya ga al'ummar musulmin Najeriya kuma shugaban masarautar Sokoto. 

Don kaucewa matsaloli tare da Dasuki da magoya bayansa, Maccido ya roki Abacha da ya tabbatar an bi da shi ta hanyar mutuntaka kuma za a bar shi ya dawo daga gudun hijira bayan wani dan lokaci. Lokacin da ‘yan fashi da makami suka far wa Dasuki a gidansa, Maccido ya aika da wani jami’in hukuma don ba Dasuki goyon baya. 

A matsayinsa na ɗaya daga cikin muƙamin nasa, ya kuma zama Shugaban Majalisar Ƙoli ta Harkokin Addinin Musulunci a Nijeriya kuma ya yi kyakkyawar alaka da sauran kungiyoyin Musulmi a duk duniya daga wannan matsayin. Ya halarci Taron Duniya kan Addinin Musulunci, ya tafi Saudiyya don tara kudi don makarantun Islamiyya, kuma ya yi mu’amala sosai da Musulmai a wasu wurare a duniya.  Don tallafawa musulmai a arewacin Najeriya, Maccido ya ba da wata kungiya ga kungiyar mata mata ta ilimi, ta kafa makaranta a wajen Sakkwato, sannan ta fara wani babban yunkuri na yada kwayar cutar shan inna a yadu.  A shekara ta 2004, ya shirya bukukuwan jihadi na shekara biyu na Usman dan Fodio, wanda ya kafa Masarautar Sakkwato, da kuma fara Yaƙin Fulani .  Tare da karuwar rikice-rikicen kabilanci tsakanin Kiristoci da Musulmai a Najeriya, Maccido ya yi ƙoƙari don kawo ƙarshen tashin hankali kuma ya sa baki sau da yawa don rage tashin hankali.  A lokacin da yake sarki, ya kuma ba sarakunan gargajiya wasu 'ya'yansa uku. An nada dansa Malami a matsayin "danburan sokoto"; Ahmed, wanda yanzu haka Sanata ne, an nada masa rawani a matsayin "Mainan Sokoto"; da Bello, wanda shi ne Shugaba na FBN Holdings a Najeriya, an nada shi da "Kyakkyawan Sakkwato". Koda bayan mutuwar mahaifinsu, dukkansu sun riƙe mukamansu na manyan sarakunan halifancin.

Koyaya, Maccido ya nuna adawa ga gwamnatin jihar ta Najeriya lokacin da suka yi kokarin baiwa mabiya Shi’a ‘ yan cirani damar yin salla a masallatan Sokoto. Kamar mahaifinsa, ya yi adawa da wannan yunƙurin kuma ya ƙi ba da damar yin addu'a ga Musulmin Shi'a.

Mutuwa 
Bayan bikin karamar Sallah a shekarar 2006, Maccido ya tafi Abuja don ganawa da Shugaba Olusegun Obasanjo . Bayan wannan taron, Maccido ya hau jirgi ya dawo Sokoto ranar Lahadi 29 ga watan Oktoba. A cikin jirgin akwai ɗaya daga cikin 'ya' ya Badamasi Maccido (wanda shi ne Sanata daga Sakkwato), jikan sa, da sauran hukumomin gwamnatin yankin da suka je Abuja domin bitar ilmi. Jirgin na ADC Airlines mai lamba 53 ya fadi ne jim kadan bayan tashinsa ya kashe yawancin mutanen da ke cikin jirgin ciki har da Maccido, dansa, da kuma jikan sa.   Maccido jikinsa bai ƙone ba, yana mai sauƙin ganewa. An jagoranci gawarsa a kan titunan Sakkwato tare da dubun dubatan masu makoki da suka hallara. An binne shi a babban kabarin sarakunan Sokoto (Hubbare), kusa da na mahaifinsa.

Manazarta

Bayanan kula

Hanyoyin haɗin waje 

  
 Tarihi: Sultan na Sokoto, Martin Plaut, Labaran BBC, 29 ga Oktoba 2006
 Katolika suna ɗaukaka kyawawan halayen Maccido, The Guardian, Nijar, Nuwamba 3, 2006
 Sarkin Morocco ya yi alhinin marigayi Sultan, da sauran wadanda hatsarin ya rutsa da su, The Guardian, Nijar, Nuwamba 3, 2006

Sarakunan Sakkwato
Pages with unreviewed translations