Kididdigar masu fitar da hayaki
ƙididdigar (ko ƙididdiga masu fitar da hayaki  ) lissafin adadin gurɓataccen abu ne da aka fitar a cikin yanayi . Ƙirar ƙira yawanci tana ƙunshe da jimillar hayaki ɗaya ko fiye da ƙayyadaddun iskar gas ko gurɓataccen iska, Kuma  wanda ya samo asali daga duk nau'ikan tushe a cikin wani yanki na yanki da cikin ƙayyadadden lokaci, yawanci shekara ta musamman.

Gaba ɗaya ƙididdige ƙirƙira ana siffanta shi da abubuwa masu zuwa:

 Me yasa : Nau'in ayyukan da ke haifar da hayaki
 Abin da : Sinadari ko ainihin zahiri na gurɓatattun abubuwan da aka haɗa, da adadinsu
 Inda : Yankin yanki da aka rufe
 Lokacin : Lokacin lokacin da ake ƙididdige fitar da hayaki
 Ta yaya : Hanyar da za a yi amfani da ita

An tattara abubuwan ƙirƙira don aikace-aikacen kimiyya duka da kuma amfani da su a cikin tsarin manufofin.

Amfani 
Fitowar hayaki da sakewa ga muhalli sune farkon kowace matsala ta gurɓacewar muhalli. Don haka bayani kan hayaki babban buƙatu ne wajen fahimtar matsalolin muhalli da kuma lura da ci gaban da ake samu wajen magance waɗannan. Kuma Kayayyakin ƙira suna ba da irin wannan bayanin.

An ƙirƙira abubuwan ƙirƙira don dalilai daban-daban:

 Amfani da manufofin: ta masu tsara manufofin zuwa
 bibiyar ci gaban da aka samu zuwa ga maƙasudin rage fitar da iska
 inganta dabaru da manufofi ko
 Amfani da Kimiyya : Masana kimiyya suna amfani da abubuwan ƙirƙira na abubuwan da ke fitar da iskar dabi'a a matsayin abubuwan shigar da samfuran ingancin iska.

Amfani da manufofin 
An ɓullo da fiye ko žasa nau'ikan tsare-tsaren bayar da rahoton masu zaman kansu:

 Rahoton shekara-shekara na jimillar fitar da iskar gas da gurɓataccen iska na ƙasa don amsa wajibai a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa; irin wannan nau'in rahoton fitar da hayaki yana da nufin sa ido kan ci gaban da aka amince da shi wajen rage yawan hayaki na kasa;
 Rahoto na yau da kullun ta wuraren masana'antu guda ɗaya don amsa wajibai na doka; irin wannan nau'in rahotannin fitar da hayaki an haɓaka shi ne don tallafawa sa hannun jama'a wajen yanke shawara. 

Misalai na farko su ne abubuwan da ake fitar da hayaki na shekara-shekara kamar yadda aka bayar da rahoto ga Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Sauyin yanayi ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNFCCC)  don iskar gas da kuma Yarjejeniyar UNECE kan gurbatar iska mai nisa mai tsayi (LRTAP) don gurbatar iska. A cikin Amurka, Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta ƙasae Amurka ce ke buga ƙididdiga ta ƙasa kowace shekara. Ana kiran wannan kirga “National Emissions Inventory”, kuma ana iya samun shi a nan: 

Misalai na biyu su ne abin da ake kira Fitar da Rajistar Ƙira da Canja wurin .

Masu amfani da manufofin yawanci suna sha'awar jimillar hayaƙin shekara-shekara kawai.

Amfanin kimiyya 
Samfuran ingancin iska suna buƙatar shigarwa don bayyana duk tushen gurɓataccen iska a yankin binciken. Abubuwan da ke fitar da iska suna ba da irin wannan bayanin. Sanna Kuma Dangane da ƙudirin sararin samaniya da na ɗan lokaci na ƙirar, ƙudirin sararin samaniya da na ɗan lokaci na abubuwan ƙirƙira akai-akai dole ne a ƙaru fiye da abin da ake samu daga abubuwan ƙirƙira na ƙasa kamar yadda aka ruwaito ga yarjejeniyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa.

Tari 
Ga kowane ɗayan gurɓataccen abu a cikin abubuwan da ake fitarwa ana ƙididdige su ta hanyar ninka ƙarfin kowane aikin da ya dace ('ƙimar aiki') a cikin yanki na yanki da tsawon lokaci tare da ƙarancin dogaro mai ƙazanta akai-akai (' sabawar fitarwa ').

Me ya sa: tushen nau'ikan 
Don tattara kaya mai fitar da hayaki, dole ne a gano da ƙididdige duk tushen abubuwan da suka gurbata. Sanna Kuma Abubuwan da ake yawan amfani da su akai-akai sune

 waɗanda Ƙungiyar  Ƙwararrun ( IPCC ) ta bayyana a cikin 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse  Gas Inventories kuma mafi kwanan nan 2006 Jagoran IPCC don Kayayyakin Gas na Greenhouse na ƙasa
 waɗanda aka ayyana a cikin Yarjejeniyar UNECE kan gurɓacewar iska mai iyaka (LRTAP); kwanan nan Yarjejeniyar LRTAP ta amince da rarrabuwar tushe wanda ya yi daidai da na IPCC, don maye gurbin ƙarin fasahar da aka daidaita daidaitattun Nomenclature for Air Pollutants (SNAP) da aka yi amfani da shi har zuwa shekarata 2005.

Dukansu nau'ikan tushe suna bayyani sarai tsakanin hanyoyin da ke da alaƙa da konewar (burbushin man fetur) da waɗanda ba konewa ke haifar da su ba. Kuma A mafi yawan lokuta takamaiman man da aka ƙone a cikin tsohon ana ƙara shi zuwa ma'anar tushe. Rukunin tushen sun haɗa da:

 Makamashi
 Konewar mai
 Konewa a tsaye
 Konewar masana'antu
 dumama wurin zama
 Konewar wayar hannu (transport)
 Fitowar da ake fitarwa daga (burbushin) amfani mai
 Hanyoyin Masana'antu
 Solvent da sauran amfani da samfur
 Noma
 LULUCF (Amfani da Kasa, Canjin Amfani da Kasa da Dazuka)
 Sharar gida

Yawancin masu bincike da ayyukan bincike suna amfani da rarrabuwar tushen tushen kansu, wani lokacin bisa ko dai IPCC ko nau'ikan tushen SNAP, amma a mafi yawan lokuta za a haɗa nau'ikan tushen da aka jera a sama.

Abin da: gurɓatacce 
An ƙirƙira abubuwan ƙirƙira kuma har yanzu ana haɓaka su don manyan ƙungiyoyi biyu na gurɓataccen abu:

 Gas na Greenhouse :
 Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ),
 Methane (CH 4 ),
 Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) da
 Yawan mahaɗan gaseous masu kyalli (HFCs, PFCs, SF 6 )
 Sauran iskar gas, ba a haɗa su a cikin Tsarin Tsarin Mulki na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Sauyin Yanayi ( UNFCCC )
 Gurbacewar iska :
 Acidifying gurbatawa : sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), nitrogen oxides (NO x, hade da nitrogen monoxide, NO da nitrogen dioxide, NO 2 ) da kuma ammonia (NH 3 ).
 Photochemical smog precursors : sake nitrogen oxides da wadanda ba methane maras tabbas Organic mahadi (NMVOCs)
 Ƙarfafawa da ɓarna masu ƙima
 Guda masu guba kamar karafa masu nauyi da kuma gurɓatattun ƙwayoyin halitta
 Carbon monoxide (CO)

Inda: ƙudurin yanki 
Yawanci kayan ƙirƙira na ƙasa suna ba da bayanai da aka taƙaita a cikin ƙasa kawai. A wasu lokuta ana samun ƙarin bayani akan manyan rijiyoyin masana'antu ('spoint source'). Har ila yau, ana kiran tambura maki, shiyasa saboda ba duk hayaki ke fitowa daga tari ba. Sauran hanyoyin masana'antu sun haɗa da hayaƙi mai gudu, waɗanda ba za a iya danganta su da kowane wurin sakin ba.

An tattara wasu kayan ƙirƙira daga ƙananan hukumomi kamar jihohi da gundumomi (a cikin Amurka), waɗanda zasu iya samar da ƙarin ƙudurin sararin samaniya.

A cikin aikace-aikacen kimiyya, inda ake buƙatar ƙuduri mafi girma, bayanan yanki kamar yawan yawan jama'a, amfani da ƙasa ko wasu bayanai na iya samar da kayan aiki don rarraba fitar da matakin ƙasa zuwa ƙudurin da ake buƙata, Kuma  daidai da ƙudurin yanki na samfurin.

Lokacin: ƙuduri na ɗan lokaci 
Hakazalika, masana'antun fitar da hayaki na kasa suna samar da jimillar hayaki a cikin wata takamaiman shekara, bisa kididdigar kasa. A wasu aikace-aikacen ƙirar ana buƙatar mafi girman ƙuduri na ɗan lokaci, misali lokacin yin ƙirar matsalolin ingancin iska mai alaƙa da jigilar hanya. A irin waɗannan lokuta ana iya amfani da bayanai akan ƙarfin zirga-zirga masu dogaro da lokaci (awanni gaggawa, sannnan ƙarshen mako da kwanakin aiki, yanayin tuƙi na lokacin rani da lokacin sanyi, da sauransu) don kafa ƙudurin ɗan lokaci mai girma da ake buƙata.

Abubuwan ƙirƙira da aka haɗa daga Ci gaba da saka idanu masu sakawa (CEMs) na iya samar da bayanan fitar da hayaki na sa'a.

Ta yaya: dabarar tattara kayan da ake fitarwa 
Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Turai ta sabunta bugu na uku na littafin jagora a cikin shekarar 2007. Kwamitin UNECE/EMEP ne ya shirya littafin jagora akan Kayayyakin Kayayyaki da Hasashe kuma yana ba da cikakken jagora ga hanyoyin ƙirƙira hayaki na yanayi. Musamman don Sufurin Hanya Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Turai tana ba da kuɗin COPERT 4, shirin software don ƙididdige hayaki wanda za a haɗa shi cikin kayan ƙirƙira na ƙasa na shekara-shekara.

inganci 
Ingancin kayan da ake fitarwa ya dogara da amfani da shi. A cikin aikace-aikacen manufofin, Kuma ƙididdiga ya kamata ya bi duk abin da aka yanke shawara a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar da ta dace. Duka UNFCCC da LRTAP yarjejeniya suna buƙatar ƙira don bin ƙa'idodin ingancin da ke ƙasa (duba  ):

Ya kamata ƙayyadadden ƙayyadaddun ƙira ya haɗa da isassun takardu da sauran bayanai don baiwa masu karatu da masu amfani damar fahimtar zato da kuma tantance amfanin sa a cikin aikace-aikacen da aka yi niyya.

Duba wasu abubuwan 

 Fasali na fitarwa
 Haɗakarwa &amp; Haɗin Bayanan Bayanai
 Kayayyakin gas na Greenhouse

Manazarta

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje 

 Abubuwan ƙirƙira na ƙasa na GhG da aka fitar a cikin 2019 (UNFCCC ta karɓa a cikin 2021)

Sources da ƙarin karatu 

 Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Sauyin yanayi
 Kwamitin Tsakanin gwamnatoci kan Canjin Yanayi
 Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka: Gidan Tsara don Kayayyaki da Abubuwan Haɓakawa
 Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka: Bayanan Haɓaka Iskar Gas na Ƙasa
 Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka: Kayayyakin Saki na Guba 
 Hukumar Muhalli ta Turai EMEP/CORINAIR Littafin Jagorar Inventory Inventory 2009
 Taswirar Iskar Iska mai Guba ta Amurka
 COPERT 4 - Shirin Kwamfuta don ƙididdige fitar da hayaki daga sufurin hanya 
 Hanyar da za a ƙididdige fitar da hayaki - Hanyoyin sufuri
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba