Isra'ila Bruna
Rabbi Isra'ila na Bruna (ישראל ברונא; 1480-1400) ɗan Moravian ne - rabbi na Jamus kuma Posek (mai yanke hukunci kan Dokar Yahudawa ). An kuma san shi da Mahari Bruna, acronym na Ibrananci don "Malamnmu, Rabbi, Isra'ila Bruna". Rabbi Bruna an fi saninsa da ɗaya daga cikin manyan hukumomin Ashkenazi da Musa Isserles ya nakalto a cikin Shulkhan Arukh .

Tarihin Rayuwa 
An haifi Rabbi Bruna a Jamus .  Ya yi karatu a ƙarƙashin manyan malaman Ashkenazi na zamaninsa: Yakubu Weil da Isra'ila Isserlin, wanda ya naɗa shi kuma ya yi magana da shi sosai. "Shi ƙwararren ɗalibi ne, wanda ya sadaukar da kansa, jiki da rai, ga nazarin Talmud ." Sai aka zabe shi rabbi na Bruna. Bayan korar Yahudawa daga wannan birni (1454) ya zauna a Ratisbon, Bavaria, inda ya buɗe yeshivah .

An kwatanta rayuwarsa ta baya a matsayin "matsala da damuwa".

 Matsayinsa a Ratisbon ya haifar da cece-kuce, wanda ya raba kan al'umma. Rabbi Anschel Segal, wanda ya riga ya fara aikin yeshivah a wurin, yana jin ya kamata Rabbi Bruna ya buɗe yeshivah a wani wuri. Daga cikin mabiyan Rabbi Anschel akwai wasu da suka koma yin zanen kalmar "bidi'a" a kan kujerar Rabbi Bruna a cikin majami'a, kuma idan ya yi wa'azi, sai su gudanar da yawo. Rabbi Bruna, duk da haka, ya ɗauki hare-hare da zagi cikin tawali'u, kuma a kan mutuwar Rabbi Segal, ya sami karɓuwa a wurin dukan al'umma.
 A cikin 1474, bayan takaddama tsakanin Frederick III, Sarkin Roma Mai Tsarki da Duke Ludwig na Landsberg kan harajin da aka sanya wa al'ummar Yahudawa, Sarkin sarakuna ya daure Bruna a kurkuku don tilasta masa yin amfani da ikonsa don neman yardar Sarkin; an sake shi bayan kwana goma sha uku a gidan yari.
 Daga baya an yi barazanar kashe Rabbi Bruna da kisa bisa zargin cin mutuncin Jini, wanda tuba zuwa Kiristanci, Hans Vagol ya kawo. Al'ummar sun yi kira ga Frederick III, da kuma Sarki Ladislav na Bohemia, wanda dukansu suka bayyana Rabbi Bruna ba shi da laifi.

Ayyuka 
Rabbi Bruna ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manya-manyan hukumomin Talmudic na zamaninsa: malamai da malamai daga garuruwa da kasashe daban-daban sun aika masa da tambayoyinsu kan duk wani abu da ya shafi dokar Yahudawa. Waɗannan martanin, Teshuvot Mahari Bruna, shi ne sanannen aikinsa. Mahimmanci, sun kasance tushen Halakha ga Musa Isserles ' HaMapah - mai haske akan Shulkhan Arukh yana kwatanta bambance-bambance tsakanin ayyukan Ashkenazi da Sephardi . Duba kuma Tarihin Responsa: Karni na sha biyar

Manazarta

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje 

 Israel Bruna Ben Hayyim, jewishencyclopedia.com
 Rabbi Israel Brunna, chabad.org
 Mahari Bruna, chaburas.org