Da'irar Latitud
Da'irar latitude ko layin latitude a doron ƙasa madaidaiciyar gabas ce - yamma ƙaramin da'irar da ke haɗa duk wurare a kewayen duniya (yin watsi da ɗagawa) a layin daidaitawa na latitude.

Da'irori na latitude galibi ana kiransu a layi ɗaya saboda sun yi daidai da juna; wato jiragen da ke dauke da kowanne daga cikin wadannan da'irori ba sa rabe -raben juna. A wuri ta wuri tare da wani da'irar latitud da aka ba da ta longitude . Da'irar latitude ba kamar da'irar longitude ba, wacce dukkan manyan da'ira ce tare da tsakiyar Duniya a tsakiya, yayin da da'irar latitude tayi ƙarami yayin da nisa daga Equator ke ƙaruwa. Ana iya lissafin tsayin su ta hanyar aikin sinadari na yau da kullun ko aikin cosine. Hanya ta 60 a layi ɗaya arewa ko kudu rabi ce muddin layin Equator (yin watsi da ƙaramin faɗin duniya da kashi 0.3%). Da'irar latitude daidai take ga duk 'yan meridians . 

A latitud daga cikin da'irar ne kamar kwana tsakanin mazauna da kuma da'irar, da kan kusurwa ta kokuwa a Duniya ta tsakiya. Equator yana kan digiri 0 °, kuma Pole na Arewa da Pole na Kudu suna 90 ° arewa da 90 ° kudu, bi da bi. Equator shine mafi tsawo da'irar latitude kuma shine kawai da'irar latitude wanda shima babban da'ira ne.

Akwai 89 na game (duka digiri ) da'ira na latitud tsakanin mazauna da kuma zura sandunan a kowane yammancin duniya, amma wadannan za a iya raba mafi daidai ma'aunai na latitud, kuma sukan wakilci a matsayin wani gidan goma na digiri (misali 34,637 ° N) ko da minti da daƙiƙa (misali 22 ° 14'26 "S). Za a iya auna ma'aunin latitude zuwa tsayin katako, don haka akwai adadi mai yawa na da'irar latitude a Duniya.

A kan taswira, da'irar latitude na iya zama ko a'a, kuma tazarar su na iya bambanta, gwargwadon abin da ake amfani da shi don yin taswirar saman duniya akan jirgin sama. A kan tsinkayen ma'auni mai daidaituwa, wanda aka dora akan mai daidaitawa, da'irorin latitude suna a kwance, a layi ɗaya, kuma an daidaita su daidai. A kan wasu tsinkayen silinda da sikeli, da'irar latitude a kwance take kuma a layi ɗaya, amma ana iya keɓe ta ba daidai ba don ba da taswirar halaye masu amfani. Misali, akan tsinkayen Mercator da'irar latitude sun fi nisa a kusa da sandunan don kiyaye ma'aunin gida da sifofi, yayin da akan tsinkayen Gall -Peters an keɓe da'irar latitude kusa da sandunan don a kwatanta kwatancen yankin. daidai. A kan yawancin tsinkayen da ba sa-cylindrical da non-pseudocylindrical, da'irar latitude ba madaidaiciya ce ko a layi ɗaya.

Arcs of circles of latitude wani lokaci ana amfani da su a matsayin iyakoki tsakanin ƙasashe ko yankuna inda aka rasa iyakokin halitta na musamman (kamar a cikin hamada), ko lokacin da aka zana iyakar wucin gadi azaman "layi akan taswira", wanda aka yi shi da sikelin Taron Berlin na 1884, game da manyan sassan nahiyar Afirka. Kasashen Arewacin Amurka da jihohi ma galibi an ƙirƙira su ta hanyar madaidaiciya, waɗanda galibi ɓangarori ne na da'ira. Misali, iyakar Colorado ta arewa tana kan 41 ° N yayin da iyakar kudancin take a 37 ° N. Kimanin rabin iyakar iyaka tsakanin Amurka da Kanada yana biye da 49 ° N.

Manyan da'irori na latitude 

Akwai manyan da'irori biyar na latitude, da aka jera a ƙasa daga arewa zuwa kudu. An daidaita matsayin Equator (digiri 90 daga juzu'in Duniya na juyawa) amma latitudes na sauran da'irori sun dogara da karkatar da wannan axis dangane da jirgin da ke kewaye da Duniya, don haka ba a daidaita su sosai. Ƙimar da ke ƙasa don 2 August 2021 : 

 Da'irar Arctic ( 66°33′48.7″ N)
 Tropic of Cancer ( 23°26′11.3″ N)
 Mai daidaitawa (0 ° latitude)
 Tropic na Capricorn ( 23°26′11.3″ S)
 Da'irar Antarctic ( 66°33′48.7″ S)

Waɗannan da'irori na latitude, ban da Equator, suna nuna rarrabuwa tsakanin manyan mazhabobi biyar.

Layin Equator 
Mai daidaitawa shine da'irar da ta daidaita daga Pole ta Arewa da Pole ta Kudu . Yana raba Duniya zuwa Yankin Arewa da Kudancin Duniya. Daga cikin kamanceceniya ko da'irar latitude, ita ce mafi tsawo, kuma ita ce kawai ' babban da'irar ' (da'ira a farfajiyar Duniya, wanda ke tsakiyar cibiyar Duniya). Duk sauran daidaitattun sun fi ƙanƙanta kuma an mai da su ne kawai akan axis na Duniya.

Da'irorin Polar 
Yankin Arctic shine yanki mafi nisa a kudancin Arewacin duniya inda rana za ta iya cigaba da kasancewa sama ko ƙasa da sararin sama na awanni 24 (a cikin watan Yuni da Disamba bi da bi). Hakazalika, da'irar Antarctic tana nuna yankin arewa mafi nisa a Kudancin inda rana za ta iya ci gaba da kasancewa sama ko ƙasa a sararin sama na awanni 24 (a watan Disamba da Yuni na Solstices bi da bi).

Latitude na iyakacin duniya daidai yake da 90 ° debe karkacewar axial ta Duniya.

Da'irori masu zafi 
Tropic na Ciwon daji da Tropic na Capricorn alama ce ta arewacin arewa da kudu inda za a iya ganin rana kai tsaye (a ƙarshen watan Yuni da ƙarshen watan Disamba bi da bi).

Latitude na da'irar wurare masu zafi daidai yake da karkacewar ƙasa.

Motsi na Tropical da Polar Circles 
Ta hanyar ma'ana, matsayin Tropic of Cancer, Tropic of Capricorn, Arctic Circle da Antarctic Circle duk sun dogara ne da karkatar gindin duniyar dangane da jirgin da ke kewaye da rana (ƙanƙancewar yanayin duhu '). Idan Duniya ta kasance "madaidaiciya" (ginshiƙinta a kusurwoyin dama zuwa jirgin sama mai kewaya) da babu Arctic, Antarctic, ko Tropical circles: a cikin sandunan rana koyaushe tana zagaye tare da sararin sama, kuma a ma'aunin rana koyaushe tashi saboda gabas, wuce kai tsaye sama, kuma saita yamma.

Matsayin Tropical da Polar Circles ba a gyara ba saboda karkatar da axial tana canzawa sannu a hankali - motsi mai rikitarwa wanda aka ƙaddara ta fifikon juzu'i daban -daban (wasu waɗanda aka bayyana a ƙasa) tare da gajeru zuwa dogon lokaci. A shekara ta 2000 miladiyya ƙimar karkatar ta kusan 23 ° 26 ′ 21.406 ″ (bisa ga IAU 2006, ka'idar P03).

Babban sake zagayowar na dogon lokaci yana haifar da karkacewar axial tsakanin 22.1 ° da 24.5 ° tare da tsawon shekaru 41,000. A halin yanzu, matsakacin darajar karkatar yana raguwa da kusan 0.468 ″ a shekara. A sakamakon haka, (kusan, kuma a matsakaita) Tropical Circles suna karkacewa zuwa mai daidaitawa (da Polar Circles zuwa sandunan) ta mita 15 a kowace shekara, kuma yankin Tropics yana raguwa da  a kowace shekara.

Karkacewar ƙasa tana da ƙarin bambance-bambance na ɗan gajeren lokaci saboda ƙoshin abinci, wanda babban lokacin, tare da tsawon shekaru 18.6, yana da girman 9.2 ”(daidai da kusan mita 300 arewa da kudu).  Akwai ƙaramin sharudda da yawa, wanda ke haifar da sauye-sauye na yau da kullum na wasu mita a kowace hanya.

A ƙarshe, madaidaicin jujjuyawar duniya ba a daidaita shi a cikin ƙasa, amma yana fuskantar ƙananan juzu'i (akan tsari na mita 15) wanda ake kira motsi na polar, wanda ke da ƙaramin tasiri akan Tropics da Polar Circles da kuma a kanin lay Equator.

Canje-canje na ɗan gajeren lokaci a cikin kwanaki  ba sa yin tasiri kai tsaye a wurin matsanancin latitudes inda rana za ta iya fitowa kai tsaye, ko kuma a cikin awanni 24 na dare ko dare, mai yiwuwa, sai dai idan da gaske suna faruwa a lokacin solstices. Maimakon haka, suna haifar da sauye -sauyen ka'idoji na kamanceceniya, wanda zai faru idan an kiyaye karkatar da aka bayar a cikin shekara.

Za'a iya ayyana waɗannan da'irarori latitude akan sauran duniyoyin da ke da karkacewar axial dangane da jiragen su na kewaya. Abubuwa kamar Pluto tare da karkatattun kusurwoyin da suka fi digiri 45 za su sami da'irarorin wurare masu zafi kusa da sandunan kuma kusurwoyin kusa da maƙiyan.

Sauran daidaitattun layikan 
An yi niyya an ƙaddara yawan iyakokin ƙasashe da na ƙasashe don a ayyana su, ko kuma a kimanta su ta hanyar daidaituwa. Daidaici yana yin iyakoki masu dacewa a cikin arewacin duniya saboda ana iya auna ma'aunin tauraron dan Adam (zuwa tsakanin fewan mitoci) ta hanyar ganin Tauraron Arewa .

Tashi 

Yawancin lokaci ana bayyana da'irar latitude a tsayin sifili. Haɓaka yana da tasiri a wuri dangane da jirgin da aka ƙera ta da'irar latitude. Tun da (a cikin tsarin geodetic ) ana ƙaddara tsayi da zurfin ta hanyar al'ada zuwa farfajiyar duniya, wurare da ke raba madaidaiciya iri ɗaya — amma suna da matsayi daban-daban (watau kwance tare da wannan al'ada) — ba sa kwance a cikin wannan jirgin. Maimakon haka, duk abubuwan da ke raba r madaidaiciya — amma na ɗimbin tsayi da tsayi — suna mamaye saman mazugin da aka yanke ta jujjuyawar wannan al'ada a kewayen juzu'in Duniya.

Duba kuma 
 Da'irori na wani yanki
 Jerin da'ira na latitude

Hanyoyin waje 
 US Naval Observatory - yana nufin ƙanƙantar da duhu

Manazarta
Da'ira
Pages with unreviewed translations