Bauchi (jiha)
Jihar Bauchi jiha ce da ke Arewa maso gabashin ƙasar Najeriya.Ta hada iyaka daga arewa da Kano da Jigawa, jihar Taraba da Plateau daga kudu, Gombe da Yobe daga Gabas, sai kuma Kaduna daga Yamma. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihin masarautar Bauchi, wacce itace babban birnin jihar a yau. An kafa Jihar Bauchi a shekarar alif dari tara da saba'in da shida (1976), a yayin da aka rarraba tsohuwar Jihar Arewa maso Gabacin Najeriya. A baya Jihar Bauchi ta mamaye yankin Jihar Gombe, wacce daga bisani ta zamo jiha mai zaman kanta a shekara ta 1996. 

Bauchi itace jiha ta biyar a fadin kasar, kuma ta bakwai a yawan jama'a. Ta na da yawan fili kimanin kilomita dubu ar,ba’in da tara da dari dagoma  shatara (49,119) da yawan Jama’a miliyan shida da dubu dari biyar da dubu talatin (6,530,000) a bisa kidayar shekara ta dubu biyu da sha shida 2016. Jihar ta rabu dangane da yanayin kasa zuwa kashi biyu (2), West Sudanian savanna daga kudu da kuma semi-desert sahel Savanna daga arewa, da kuma montane Jos Plateau daga kudu maso yammacin Jihar. Daga cikin kayatattun wurare a garin sun hada da,  Yankari National Park, wani katafaren wajen ajiye dabbobi ne dake kudancin jihar Bauchi inda akwai dabbobi kaman bijimai, birrai, barewa, zakuna, giwaye da dai sauransu. 

Bauchi ne babban birnin jihar Bauchi. Bala Abdulkadir Mohammed shi ne Gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2019 har zuwa yau. Wasu daga cikin dattijan Jihar sun hada da: Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Isa Yuguda, Isah Hamma Misau, Nazif Gamawa, Haruna Ningi da Ali Wakili.

Akwai yaruka da dama a yankuna daban daban na Jihar  wadanda suka hada da:  Yaren Bolewa, Butawa, da Yaren Warji daga yankunan tsakiyar jihar; Yaren Fulfulde, Yaren Kanuri, da Yaren Karai-Karai daga arewacin garin;  Fulani da Yaren Gerawa acikin birnin Bauchi da kewayen ta; Yaren Zaar (Sayawa) daga kudu; Yaren Tangale daga kudu maso gabas; da kuma Jarawa daga kudu maso yamma. Mafi akasarin mutanen gari (kaso tamanin da biyar 85%) musulmai ne, da karamin kaso kiristoci da kaso shida 6% da maguzawa da kaso tara 9%.

A farkon shekarun alif dubu da dari takwas 1800s, Fulani Jihadi sun kwace mafi akasarin garin birnin Bauchi na  yau, sannan suka kafa Masarautar Bauchi a karkashin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto. A karni na dubu daya da shatara 1900 ne Turawan mulkin mallaka suka mamaye Masarautar kuma suka hade ta a cikin Yankin Mulkin Mallaka na Arewacin Najeriya wacce daga bisani ta zamo Najeriya karkashin mulkin Turawa, kafin samun 'yanci a shekarar alif dari Tara da sittin 1960.  Tun asali, yankin Jihar Bauchi a yau tana cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci har zuwa shekarar alif ta 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin kuma jihar ta fada karkashin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan rarraba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas, an kafa Jihar Bauchi a ranar uku 3 ga watan Februrun shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da saba'in da shida 1976 tare da sauran jihohi goma. Shekaru ashirin (20) kuma bayan kafata, an hade wasu kananan hukumomi daga yammacin Jihar inda suka samar da Jihar Gombe.                     

A matsayinta na jihar da ta dogara da noma, tattalin arzkin Jihar sun ta'allaka ne akan dabbobi da hatsi, kamansu auduga, gyaɗa, dawa, tumatiri da kuma doya tare da cigaba a fannin noman rani na kara habaka samar da abinci tun zamanta jiha. Sannan akwai masana'antu na sarrafa abinci da masana'antun sarrafa kayan abinci na gwan-gwani, da kuma hako ma'adanai kamar tin da columbite, da kuma wuraren bude idanu kamar Dajin shakatawa na Yankari da koramunta na Wikki Springs.

Asalin Suna 
Dangane da tarihi na gargajiya, garin ya samo asali ne daga wani mafarauci mai suna Baushe, wanda ya zauna a yankin kafin zuwan jagoran masarutar na farko wato Yakubu (wacce aka samar a tsakanin alif ta  1800–10). Jihohin Bauchi da Adamawa sun kasance kasashen 'yanci da kasuwanci ga mutanen Daular Fulani na Sokoto.

Tarihi 

Wurin da ake kira Bauchi ta kasance kafin shakarar alif ta 1976 gunduma a yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Danagne da kidayar shekara ta 2006, Jihar tana da mutane kimanin 4,653,066.

Jihar Bauchi ta sama cigaba iri-iri a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Akwai harshen Ajawa da akayi amfani dashi a jihar Bauchi, amma daga bisani ya bace a tsakanin shekarun 1920 da shekara ta  1940 inda asalin masu amfani da harshe suka sauya zuwa Hausa.

A lokacin mulkin Turawa har zuwa samun 'yanci, tana cikin yankin Plateau da Yankin Arewacin Najeriya, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka samar da jihohi, yayin da yankunan Bauchi, Borno, da Adamawa suka hade wajen samar da Jihar Arewa ta Gabas.

Bayan samar da Jihar Bauchi a shekara ta 1976, a lokacin Jihohi biyu Bauchi da Gombe na hade, jihar nada kananan hukumomi 16. Daga bisani an kara yawan kananan hukumomin zuwa 20 sannan daga bisani 23. Haka zalika, a shekara ta 1997, an samar da Jihar Gombe, daga Jihar Bauchi inda aka samu karin kananan hukumomi a kasar, inda aka bar Jihar Bauchi da kananan hukumomi 20 kamar yadda aka zayyano a kasa:

Kananan Hukumomi 
Jihar Bauchi nada adadin Kananan hukumomi ashirin (20). Sune:

Garuruwa 

Kirfi Ta kasance Garine cikin Birnin Bauchi wanda keda aƙalla faɗin aƙalla 700 meters kewaye da gefenta ne rafin Gongola wanda ke isar da ruwa zuwa cikin garin. Wanda ya haɗe da babban kogin Benue. Gari ne mai tarin albarkoki, a ɓangaren Noma da Kiwo. A al’adance ta kasance tana maraba ne kaɗai da mutanen da ake kira Kirfawa kuma ta faɗa ƙarƙashin gundumar Hausawa. Bincike akan garin Kirfi ya nuna cewa amsoshin da suka ƙunshi al’ada, da Addini da harkan Siyasa a ƙasar Hausa ana iya samun sa a garin Kirfi ta garin Bauchi.

Labarin kasa 
Jihar Bauchi ta mamaye fadin kasa kimanin 49,119 km2 (18,965 sq mi) inda ta mamaye kaso 5.3% na daukakin fadin Najeriya kuma tana zaune akan lambobin wuri na latitudes 9° 3' da 12° 3' arewa da kuma longitudes 8° 50' da 11° gabas.

Jihar tana da iyaka da jihohi bakwai, Kano da Jigawa daga arewa, Taraba da Plateau daga Kudu, Gombe da Yobe daga Gabas sai kuma Kaduna daga Yamma.    

Jihar Bauchi na daga cikin jihohin arewan Najeriya dake da yanayin tsirrai iri biyu, Sudan savannah da kuma Sahel savannah. Haka zalika akwai tsaunuka a kudancin yankin garin, dangane da alakarta da  tsaunukan Jos Plateau.

Adadin jama'a 
Akwai Kabilu daban daban har guda  55 a garin wanda suka hada da:   Gerawa, Sayawa, Jarawa, Kirfawa, Hausawa Bolewa, Karekare, Kanuri, Fa'awa, Butawa, Warjawa, Zulawa, Boyawa, Badawa. Amma Fulani ne asalin kabilar garin. Hakan na nufin cewa suna da nasu asalin, al'adu, addinai da makamantansu.

Akwai kamaiceceniya tsakanin harsunan garin, dangane da ayyuka, al'adu, sutura, da kuma cudanya a tsakaninsu musamman ta hanyar auratanya da kasuwanci. Wasu daga cikin harsunan na da ba'a a tsakaninsu. da Sayawa da dai sauransu.

Bikin hawan sallah na daya daga cikin muhimman bukukuwa da ke jawo 'yan kallo a duk shekara.

Ilimi 
Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa na nan acikin babban birnin Bauchi. Wasu daga cikin wuraren koyarwa sun hada da; Jami'ar Jihar Bauchi, Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic , Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi., Aminu saleh college of Education Azare

Yaruka 
Ire-iren harsunan West Chadic language da ake amfani dasu a Bauchi sun hada da:

 North Bauchi languages
 South Bauchi languages

Yarukan Bauchi a jere da kananan hukumominsu.

Sauran harsunan Bauchi sun hada da: Ajawa, Beele, Berom, Kanuri, Kwaami, Manga, Pero, da kuma Piya-Kwonci.

Gwamnati 
Gwamnan garin shine babban mai zartarwa, tare da fannin shari'a na garin na nan a birnin Bauchi.

Gwamna 
Gwamna Bauchi shine Mr. Bala AbdulKadir Mohammed, wanda ya lashe zabe a ranar 9 ga watan March,shekara ta 2019 a karkashin jam'iyyar PDP. An rantsar dashi a ranar May 29, ga watan shekara ta  2019, wanda hakan tasa ya zamo gwamna na shida a Bauchi a karkashin mulkin dimukradiyya sannan kuma gwamna na 16 gaba daya. Baba Tela ne mataimakin gwamnan Bauchi.

Kiwon Lafiya 
Jihar Bauchi na da tarin asibitoci daman hukumomin kiwon lafiya, wannnan sun hada da:

 Abubakar Tafawa Balewa Teaching Hospital
 Bauchi State Hospital
 Al-amin Hospital
 Niima Consultants Hospital
 Albishir Clinic and Maternity
 Proactive Clinic and Hospital Ltd.

Sanannun Mutane 

 Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, first and only Prime Minister of Nigeria
 Jude Rabo, vice-chancellor of Federal University, Wukari
 Tjjani Yusuf Guruntum

Bibiliyo 

 Haour, Anne., Rossi, Benedetta (2010) Being and becoming Hausa : interdisciplinary perspectives.Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-1854-25

Manazarta

Jihohin Nijeriya