Salvador


Gabatarwa
Salvador ko El Salvador ko Al Salbado ko Jamhuriyar Al Salbado (da Ispaniyanci República de El Salvador) ƙasa ce, da ke a nahiyar Amurka. Babban birnin ƙasar Salvador birnin San Salvador ne. Salvador tana da yawan fili kimani na kilomita murabba'i . Salvador tana da yawan jama'a , bisa ga jimilla a shekarar 2020. Salvador tana da iyaka da ƙasashen biyu: Guatemala a Arewa maso Yamma da Honduras a Arewa da Arewa maso Yamma. Salvador ta samu yancin kanta a shekara ta 1821. 

Daga shekara ta 2019, shugaban ƙasar Salvador Nayib Bukele ne. Mataimakin shugaban ƙasar Salvador Félix Ulloa ne daga shekara ta 2019. 
Ƙaddamarwa a matsayin babban birni, tare da mulkin mallaka na Portuguese, sun kasance muhimman abubuwan da ke tsara bayanin martaba na gundumar, kamar yadda wasu halaye na yanki suka kasance. Gine-ginen birnin ya biyo bayan yanayin yanayin da bai dace ba, da farko an samar da matakai guda biyu—Upper Town (Cidade Alta) da Lower Town (Cidade Baixa)—a kan tudu mai tsayi, kuma daga baya tare da tunanin hanyoyin kwari. Tare da fadin murabba'in kilomita 692,818 (267,499 sq mi) a cikin yanki, yankin da ya fito fili ne, kuma bakin tekun yana iyaka da Bay of All Saints zuwa yamma da Tekun Atlantika daga gabas. Cibiyar Tarihi ta Salvador, wacce ke wajen Pelourinho, sananne ne da gine-ginen mulkin mallaka, tare da abubuwan tarihi na tarihi tun daga karni na 17 zuwa farkon karni na 20, kuma UNESCO ta ayyana shi a matsayin Gidan Tarihi na Duniya a 1985. Matakin. na daya daga cikin manyan bukukuwan Carnivals a duniya (babbar jam'iyyar tituna a duniya, bisa ga Guinness World Records), hadewar gundumar zuwa cibiyar UNESCO ta Creative Cities Network a matsayin "City of Music", wani take na musamman a cikin kasar, ta kara wa duniya amincewa da kiɗan Salvador.

Tare da fiye da mazaunan miliyan 2.9 kamar na 2020, ita ce birni mafi yawan jama'a a arewa maso gabas, birni na uku mafi yawan jama'a a Brazil (Brasília ta zarce Salvador a 2016, amma gundumar tarayya ce, ba gunduma ba), kuma ta tara mafi girma a Latin. Birnin Amurka. Ita ce ainihin yankin da aka fi sani da "Great Salvador", wanda ke da kimanin mazaunan 3,957,123 a cikin 2020 bisa ga Cibiyar Nazarin Geography da Kididdiga ta Brazil (IBGE). Wannan ya sanya ta zama yanki na biyu mafi yawan jama'a a Arewa maso Gabas, na bakwai a Brazil, kuma ɗayan mafi girma a duniya. Hakanan saboda waɗannan girman yawan jama'ar birni, binciken IBGE ya keɓance shi akan hanyar sadarwar biranen Brazil azaman babban birni. A cikin rahotanninta na shekarun 2014 da 2020, Cibiyar Bincike ta Duniya da Biranen Duniya (GaWC) ta rarraba Salvador a matsayin birni na duniya a cikin "Iswa" (mafi ƙanƙanta). Binciken biranen duniya ta hanyar mai ba da shawara Kearney ya kuma haɗa da Salvador a cikin rahoton shekara ta 2018 da 2020, yayin da ban da shi a cikin 2019.

Tarihi
Salvador ya ta'allaka ne akan ƙaramin tsibiri mai kusan murabba'i uku wanda ya raba Bay of All Saints, bakin teku mafi girma a Brazil, da Tekun Atlantika. Gaspar de Lemos ne ya fara kaiwa gare shi a shekara ta 1501, shekara guda kacal bayan da aka ce Cabral ya gano Brazil. A lokacin tafiyarsa ta biyu zuwa Portugal, ɗan ƙasar Italiya mai bincike Amerigo Vespucci ya hango bakin tekun a ranar Dukan tsarkaka (1 Nuwamba) 1502 kuma, don girmama kwanan wata da cocin Ikklesiya a Florence, ya sanya mata suna Bay na Mai Ceton Duka. waliyyai. Bature na farko da ya zauna a kusa shine Diogo Álvares Correia ("Caramuru"), wanda jirgin ya tarwatse a ƙarshen 1509. Ya zauna a cikin Tupinambá, yana auren Guaibimpara da sauransu. A cikin 1531, Martim Afonso de Sousa ya jagoranci balaguro daga Dutsen St Paul (Morro de São Paulo) [10] kuma, a cikin 1534, Francisco Pereira Coutinho, kyaftin na farko na Bahia, ya kafa mazaunin Pereira a unguwar Ladeira da Barra ta Salvador ta zamani. . Cin zarafin Tupinambá da mazauna suka yi ya sa su zama abokan gaba kuma an tilasta wa Portuguese su gudu zuwa Porto Seguro c. 1546.  Wani yunƙurin maido da mulkin mallaka a shekara mai zuwa ya ƙare a cikin ɓarkewar jirgin ruwa da cin naman mutane.

An kafa birnin na yanzu a matsayin kagara na São Salvador da Bahia de Todos os Santos ("Mai Ceton Bay na Dukan Waliyyai")  a cikin 1549 ta mazaunan Portuguese a ƙarƙashin Tomé de Sousa, gwamna na farko na Brazil- na gaba ɗaya. Yana daya daga cikin tsofaffin garuruwan da Turawa suka kafa a Amurka. Daga wani dutse da ke kallon Bay of All Saints, [n 3] ya zama babban birnin Brazil na farko kuma cikin sauri ya zama babbar tashar jiragen ruwa don cinikin bayi da masana'antar rake. An dade ana raba Salvador zuwa birni na sama da na ƙasa, an raba shi da wani kaifi mai tsayin mita 85 (279 ft) tsayi. Babban birni ya kafa gundumomi na gudanarwa, addini, da na firamare yayin da ƙaramin birni ya kasance cibiyar kasuwanci, mai tashar jiragen ruwa da kasuwa.

Hotuna

Manazarta 

Ƙasashen Amurka