Mai Neman Mafaka
Mai neman mafaka shine mutumin da ya bar ƙasarsa ta zama wato ta (asali), ya shiga wata ƙasa kuma ya nemi mafaka (watau, kariyar ƙasa da ƙasa) a cikin wannan ƙasar. Mai neman mafaka bakin haure ne da aka tilastawa yin gudun hijira sannan kuma mai yiwuwa ya gudu daga kasarsa saboda yaki ko wasu abubuwan da ke cutar da su ko danginsu. Idan an yarda da shari'arsu, sai su zama 'yan gudun hijira. Sharuɗɗan mai neman mafaka da ɗan gudun hijira galibi suna rikicewa.

Mutum ya zama mai neman mafaka ta hanyar gabatar da taƙaddama don neman izinin zama a wata ƙasa kuma yana riƙe wannan matsayin har sai an gama aikace-aikacen. Hukumomin shige da fice masu dacewa na kasar masu neman mafaka suna tantance ko za a baiwa mai neman mafakar kariya kuma ya zama dan gudun hijirar da aka amince da shi a hukumance ko kuma za a ki karbar mafaka kuma mai neman mafakar ya zama baƙin haure ba bisa doka ba wanda za a iya tambayar sa ya bar kasar har ma yana iya zama kora

A cikin Ingilishi na Arewacin kasar Amurka, ana amfani da kalmar asylee . Asylee na iya zama mai neman mafaka, kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama, ko kuma mutumin da aka karɓi iƙirarinsa na neman mafaka kuma aka ba shi mafaka.  A matsakaita, kimanin mutane miliyan 1 ke neman mafaka a kowace shekara. 

Ana iya sanin mai neman hijirar a matsayin ɗan gudun hijira kuma a ba shi matsayin ɗan gudun hijira idan halin da suke ciki ya faɗa cikin ma'anar 'yan gudun hijira bisa ga Yarjejeniyar' Yan Gudun Hijira ta 1951 ko wasu dokokin 'yan gudun hijira -kamar Yarjejeniyar Turai kan' Yancin Ɗan Adam, idan an nemi mafaka a cikin Tarayyar Turai . Koyaya, waɗanda suka sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar 'yan gudun hijirar suna ƙirƙirar manufofinsu don kimanta matsayin kariyar masu neman mafaka, kuma yawan masu neman mafakar da aka karɓa ko aka ƙi a kowace shekara daga ƙasa zuwa ƙasa.

Haƙƙoƙin masu neman mafaka 
Yayin da ake jiran shawarar masu neman mafaka suna da iyakoki a cikin kasar mafaka. A mafi yawan ƙasashe ba a ba su izinin yin aiki ba kuma a wasu ƙasashen ma ba sa kai. A wasu kasashen ba a basu izinin yin walwala cikin kasar ba. Ko da samun damar kiwon lafiya yana da iyaka. A Tarayyar Turai, wadanda har yanzu ba a ba su matsayin 'yan gudun hijira ba kuma har yanzu suna cikin tsarin neman mafaka suna da wasu hakkoki na samun damar kula da lafiya.  Wannan ya hada da samun damar kula da lafiya da halayyar mutum.  Ko yaya, waɗannan na iya bambanta dangane da ƙasar mai masaukin. Misali, a karkashin Dokar Amfanar da Masu Neman Yan Gudun Hijira a Ƙasar Jamus, masu neman mafakar ba sa cikin kulawa ta farko kuma an iyakance su ga kulawar lafiyar gaggawa, allurar rigakafin ciki, haihuwa da haihuwa tare da iyakancewa kan kulawa ta musamman.  Masu neman mafakar suna da babbar dama ta fuskantar bukatun kiwon lafiya wanda ba a cika samu ba idan aka kwatanta da na gama-gari na Jamusawa. Har ila yau masu neman mafaka suna da mafi girman rashin karbar asibiti kuma a kalla ziyara guda ɗaya zuwa masu ilimin halayyar dangi, dangane da yawan jama'ar Jamusawa.

Batutuwa 
Ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da ke damuwa da 'yan gudun hijira da masu neman mafaka sun nuna matsaloli ga' yan gudun hijirar don neman mafaka a ƙasashe masu ci gaban masana'antu. Kasancewar manufofin bakin haure a ƙasashe da dama galibi suna maida hankali ne kan yaƙar bakin haure ba bisa ka'ida ba da kuma karfafa kula da iyakoki, hakan yana hana 'yan gudun hijirar shiga yankin da zasu shigar da bukatar neman mafaka. Rashin dama don samun damar hanyoyin neman mafaka na doka na iya tilasta wa 'yan gudun hijirar su yi yunƙurin shiga cikin haɗari.

Duba kuma 

 'Yancin mafaka
 Coci mafaka
 Korar mutane
 Gudun hijira
 Eduntatawa ga kora
 Mutum mai gudun hijira
 Tilastawa tilastawa a cikin sanannun al'adu
 Takardar shaidar zama 'yan gudun hijira
 Caca 'yan gudun hijira
 Tsarkakakken gari
 Rashin ƙasa

Ƙungiyoyi masu alaƙa 

 Kungiyar 'Yan Gudun Hijira da Hijira 
 Amnesty International
 Kwamitin Kasa da Kasa na Red Cross
 Cibiyoyin Gudun Hijira na Duniya

Manazarta

Kara karantawa 

 Hatton, Timothy J. 2020. " Gudun Hijira zuwa Bunƙasar Duniya: Tsanantawa, Inarfafawa, da Manufofi. " Jaridar Ra'ayoyin Tattalin Arziki 34 (1): 75-93.
Pages with unreviewed translations