Salman Rushdi
Sir Ahmed Salman Rushdie CH FRSL (/sælˈmɑːn ˈrʊʃdi/; an haife shi a ranar 19 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 1947) ɗan asalin Indiya ne ɗan littafin Birtaniya-Amurka. Ayyukansa sau da yawa suna haɗuwa da gaskiyar sihiri tare da tarihin tarihi kuma da farko suna hulɗa da haɗin kai, rushewa, da ƙaura tsakanin wayewar Gabas da Yamma, yawanci ana saita su a yankin Indiya. Littafin Rushdie na biyu, Midnight's Children (1981), ya lashe kyautar Booker a 1981 kuma an dauke shi "mafi kyawun littafin duk masu nasara" a lokuta biyu, yana nuna bikin cika shekaru 25 da 40 na kyautar.

Bayan littafinsa na huɗu, The Satanic Verses (1988), Rushdie ya zama batun yunkurin kisan kai da yawa da barazanar mutuwa, gami da fatwa da ke kira ga mutuwarsa da Ruhollah Khomeini, babban shugaban Iran ya bayar. Masu tsattsauran ra'ayi sun yi kisan kai da bama-bamai da yawa waɗanda suka ambaci littafin a matsayin abin motsawa, wanda ya haifar da muhawara game da tantancewa da tashin hankali na addini. A cikin 2022, wani mutum ya soke Rushdie bayan ya yi gaggawar zuwa mataki inda aka shirya marubucin ya gabatar da lacca a wani taron a Chautauqua, New York.

A shekara ta 1983, an zabi Rushdie a matsayin abokin Royal Society of Literature . An nada shi Commandeur de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres na Faransa a shekarar 1999. An ba Rushdie lambar yabo a shekara ta 2007 saboda hidimomin da ya yi wa wallafe-wallafen. A shekara ta 2008, The Times ta sanya shi na 13 a cikin jerin manyan marubutan Burtaniya 50 tun 1945. Tun daga shekara ta 2000, Rushdie ta zauna a Amurka. An ba shi suna Babban Mawallafi a Mazaunin a Cibiyar Harkokin Jarida ta Arthur L. Carter ta Jami'ar New York a shekarar 2015. Tun da farko, ya koyar a Jami'ar Emory. An zabe shi a Kwalejin Fasaha da Harafi ta Amurka . A cikin shekara ta 2012, ya wallafa Joseph Anton: A Memoir, wani labarin rayuwarsa bayan abubuwan da suka faru bayan The Satanic Verses. An kira Rushdie daya daga cikin mutane 100 mafi tasiri a duniya ta mujallar Time a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2023.

Tarihin rayuwa

Rayuwa ta farko da tarihin iyali 
An haifi Ahmed Salman Rushdie a Bombay a ranar 19 ga Yuni 1947 a lokacin mulkin Burtaniya, a cikin dangin Musulmi na Kashmiri na Indiya. Shi ne ɗan Anis Ahmed Rushdie, lauya mai ilimin Cambridge wanda ya zama ɗan kasuwa, da Negin Bhatt, malami. An kori mahaifin Rushdie daga Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Indiya (ICS) bayan ya bayyana cewa takardar shaidar haihuwa da ya gabatar yana da canje-canje don sa ya zama ƙarami fiye da yadda yake. Rushdie tana da 'yan'uwa mata uku. Ya rubuta a cikin tarihinsa na 2012 cewa mahaifinsa ya ɗauki sunan Rushdie don girmama Averroes (Ibn Rushd).

Rushdie ya girma a Bombay kuma ya yi karatu a Cathedral da John Connon School a Fort, South Bombay, kafin ya koma Ingila don halartar Rugby School a Rugby, Warwickshire, sannan kuma King's College, Cambridge, daga inda ya kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko a tarihi.

Rayuwa ta mutum 
Rushdie ta yi aure sau biyar kuma ta sake aure sau hudu, kuma tana da akalla wata dangantaka mai mahimmanci. Ya fara auren Clarissa Luard, jami'in wallafe-wallafen Majalisar Fasaha ta Ingila, daga shekarun 1976 zuwa 1987. Ma'auratan suna da ɗa, Zafar, wanda aka haifa a shekara ta 1979, wanda ya auri mawaƙan jazz na London Natalie Rushdie . Ya bar Clarissa Luard a tsakiyar shekarun 1980 ga marubucin Australiya Robyn Davidson, wanda abokinsu Bruce Chatwin ya gabatar da shi. Rushdie da Davidson ba su taɓa yin aure ba, kuma sun rabu a lokacin da ya saki Clarissa a shekarar 1987. Matar Rushdie ta biyu ita ce marubuciyar litattafan Amurka Marianne Wiggins; sun yi aure a 1988 kuma sun sake aure a shekarar 1993. Matarsa ta uku, daga shekarun 1997 zuwa 2004, ita ce edita ta Burtaniya kuma marubuciya Elizabeth West; suna da ɗa, Milan, wanda aka haifa a shekarar 1997. A shekara ta 2004, jim kadan bayan kisan aurensa na uku, Rushdie ya auri Padma Lakshmi, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Indiya, samfurin, kuma mai karɓar bakuncin shirin talabijin na gaskiya na Amurka Top Chef . Rushdie ya bayyana cewa Lakshmi ya nemi saki a watan Janairun 2007, kuma daga baya a wannan shekarar, a watan Yuli, ma'auratan sun shigar da shi. A shekarar 2021, Rushdie ya auri mawakiyar Amurka da marubuciya Rachel Eliza Griffiths.

A shekarar 1999, Rushdie yana da aiki don gyara ptosis, matsala tare da ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar ƙwaya ta ƙwayar ƙwace ta ƙwayar cuta ta ƙwayar ƙira ta ƙwayar ajiya ta ƙwaƙwalyar ƙwayar cutawa. A cewar Rushdie, ya sa ya zama da wahala a gare shi ya buɗe idanunsa. "Idan ban yi wa tiyata ba, a cikin 'yan shekaru daga yanzu ba zan iya buɗe idanuna ba", in ji shi.

Tun daga shekara ta 2000, Rushdie ta zauna a Amurka, galibi kusa da Union Square a Lower Manhattan, Birnin New York. Shi mai sha'awar kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Ingila Tottenham Hotspur ne .

Duba kuma 

 Mai farautar Butterfly
 Rashin amincewa da Musulunci
 Censorship a Kudancin Asiya
 Gaskiya mai ban tsoro
 Indiyawa a cikin babban birnin New York
 Jerin fatwas
 Jerin marubutan Indiya
 PEN International
 Littattafan zamani
 Rashin mutunci

Bayani

Manazarta

Haɗin waje 

 
 
 Salman Rushdie at British Council: Literature
 Salman Rushdie a cikin Encyclopedia of Fantasy
 Salman Rushdie a cikin Encyclopedia of Science Fiction
 Appearances on C-SPAN  
 
 Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, da Rare Book Library, Jami'ar Emory: Salman Rushdie takardu, 1947-2012
Rayayyun mutane