Babban Alps
Manyan tsaunukan tsaunukan tsaunuka sune sassan tsaunukan daba su dace da wurin zama ba ko juzu'i na yanayi.Wannan ya haɗada duk yankuna sama da 3,000 m sama da matakin teku,da kuma mafi yawan yankuna tsakanin 2,500 m da 3,000 m(Juf a 2,126m shine mafi girman ƙauye na dindindin acikin Alps)Tsawon makiyaya yawanci ƙasa da 2,400 m amma yana iya kasancewa na musamman ya kai tsayin mita 2,800.

Manyan tsaunukan suna da yanayin tundra ko yanayin ƙanƙara maimakon yanayin tsaunuka mai suna na yankin Alpine mai tsayin 1,800-2,500 m,sama da layin bishiyar amma har yanzu yana iyayin tasiri ga tattalin arziƙin ƙasa.

Binciken Manyan Alps ya fara acikin karni na 18,tareda Horace-Bénédict de Saussure.Hawan farko na kololuwar tsaunukan Alps,Mont Blanc, ya kai 1786.

Duk mahimman hanyoyin wucewar tsaunuka a Switzerland suna ƙasa da 2,500m (tare da Nufenen Pass mai tsayi kamar 2,478 m)amma akwai ƴan ƙananan ƙafar ƙafa sama da 3,000 m:Schöllijoch a 3,343 m, Theodul Pass a 3,301 m,Zwischbergen Pass a 3,268 m,kuma wasu.Wani abin sha'awa na tarihi shine Schnidejoch a nisan mita 2,756 wanda da alama yayi aiki azaman wucewa tun zamanin da.A wasu ƙasashe masu tsaunuka akwai hanyoyin wucewar hanya,irin su Col de l'Iseran (hanya mafi girma a Turai)a Faransa da Stelvio Pass a Italiya.

Ba'a gyara layin tsaunuka na dusar ƙanƙara ta dindindin. Samuwar yanayi mai kyau na yanayi a lokutan yanayi da dama na iya ƙara girman filayen dusar ƙanƙara da rage iyakar dusar ƙanƙara mai kama da dindindin,yayin da akasin haka na iya haifar da iyaka ya tashi sama a gefen tsaunuka.A wasu sassan tsaunukan Alps iyaka yana da kusan mita 2,400, yayin da wasu ba za'a iya sanya shi ƙasa da mita 2,900 ba.Yayin da dusar ƙanƙara ta ragu a kan duwatsu fiye da 60°,wannan bada daɗewa ba iska ta kawar da shi,wasu tuddai na dutsen sun kasance babu kowa ko da kusa da kololuwar kololuwa mafi girma, amma kamar yadda kusan kowane wuri da ke ba da mafi ƙarancin ciyayi yana rufe. tare da dusar ƙanƙara, ana ganin tsire-tsire masu fure kaɗan sama da 3,350m.

Sau da yawa ana kwatanta yanayin yankin glacial da na yankunan polar, amma sun bambanta sosai. Anan, zafin rana mai tsanani da rana, wanda ke ɗaga sama idan ya bushe zuwa zafin jiki na kusan 27 ° C, yana canza yanayin sanyi da dare. A can, Rana, wacce ba ta taɓa faɗuwa ba kawai tana iya aika haskoki marasa ƙarfi waɗanda ke kula da ƙarancin zafin jiki, da wuya suna tashi sama da ƴan digiri sama da wurin daskarewa. Don haka yankin na sama na Alps ya sami ciyayi iri-iri da haske.

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