Gargadin girgizar ƙasa
Tsarin gargadin girgizar kasa ko tsarin gargadin girgizar kasa shi ne tsarin na'urorin gaggawa, seismometers, sadarwa, kwamfutoci, da ƙararrawa waɗanda aka ƙirƙira don sanar da yankunan da ke kusa da wani gagarumin girgizar ƙasa yayin da ake ci gaba. Wannan ba daidai yake da hasashen girgizar ƙasa ba, wanda a halin yanzu ba shi da ikon samar da takamaiman gargaɗin aukuwa.

Lalacewar lokaci da tsinkayar igiyar ruwa 
Ana haifar da girgizar ƙasa ta hanyar sakin makamashin da aka adana a lokacin da ake zamewa cikin sauri tare da kuskure . Zamewar tana farawa ne a wani wuri kuma tana ci gaba da nisa daga ma'aunin zafi da sanyio a kowace hanya tare da saman kuskure. Gudun ci gaban wannan hawayen kuskure yana da hankali fiye da, kuma ya bambanta da gudun sakamakon matsa lamba da igiyoyin shear, tare da matsa lamba yana tafiya da sauri fiye da igiyoyin shear. Raƙuman ruwa suna haifar da girgiza ba zato ba tsammani. Sannan Kuma Ragewar igiyoyin ruwa suna haifar da motsi lokaci-lokaci (kimanin 1 Hz) wanda shine mafi ɓarna ga gine-gine, musamman gine-ginen da ke da irin wannan lokacin resonant. Yawanci waɗannan gine-ginen suna da tsayin benaye takwas. Waɗannan raƙuman ruwa za su yi ƙarfi a ƙarshen zamewar, kuma suna iya aiwatar da raƙuman ruwa masu lalata da kyau fiye da gazawar kuskure. Ƙarfin irin waɗannan tasirin nesa ya dogara sosai kan yanayin ƙasa na cikin yankin kuma ana la'akari da waɗannan tasirin wajen gina ƙirar yankin wanda ke ƙayyade martanin da suka dace ga takamaiman abubuwan da suka faru.

Tsaron wucewa 
Ana aiwatar da irin waɗannan tsarin a halin yanzu don tantance dai-dai lokacin da ya dace ga wani taron da ma'aikacin jirgin ƙasa ya yi a cikin tsarin dogo na birane kamar BART (Bay Area Rapid Transit). Amsar da ta dace ta dogara da lokacin faɗakarwa, yanayin dama na gida da kuma saurin jirgin na yanzu.

turawa 
Ya zuwa shekarar 2016, Japan da Taiwan suna da nagartattun tsarin gargadin girgizar kasa a duk fadin kasar. Sauran ƙasashe da yankuna suna da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun tsarin faɗakarwar girgizar ƙasa, gami da Mexico ( Tsarin faɗakarwar girgizar ƙasa ta Mexiko ya ƙunshi yankuna na tsakiya da kudancin Mexico ciki har da Mexico City da Oaxaca ), iyakokin yankuna na Romania ( gadar Basarab a Bucharest), da wasu sassan Amurka. An shigar da tsarin gano girgizar ƙasa na farko a cikin 1990s; alal misali, a California, tsarin tashar kashe gobara ta Calistoga wanda ke haifar da sirin kai tsaye a duk faɗin birni don faɗakar da mazauna yankin gaba ɗaya game da girgizar ƙasa.  Wasu sassan kashe gobara na California suna amfani da na'urorin gargaɗinsu don buɗe kofofin da ke kan tashoshin kashe gobara kai tsaye kafin girgizar ƙasa ta kashe su. Yayin da yawancin waɗannan yunƙurin na gwamnati ne, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da yawa kuma suna kera na'urorin gargaɗin girgizar ƙasa don kare ababen more rayuwa kamar lif, layukan iskar gas da tashoshin da ake kashe gobara.

Kanada 
A cikin shekarata 2009, an shigar da tsarin faɗakarwa da wuri mai suna ShakeAlarm kuma an ba da izini a Vancouver, British Columbia, Kanada . An sanya shi don kare wani muhimmin kayan aikin sufuri mai suna George Massey Tunnel, wanda ya haɗu da arewa da kudancin kogin Fraser. A cikin wannan aikace-aikacen tsarin ta atomatik yana rufe ƙofofin a mashigin ramin idan akwai haɗarin girgizar ƙasa mai haɗari.  Nasarar da amincin tsarin ya kasance kamar na shekarata 2015 an sami ƙarin kayan aiki da yawa a gabar tekun yamma na Kanada da Amurka, kuma akwai ƙarin shirye-shiryen.

Japan 
An yi amfani da tsarin gargaɗin farko na girgizar ƙasa a Japan a cikin shekarata 2006. An shigar da tsarin da ke gargadin jama'a a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, shekarar 2007.   An ƙirƙira shi wani ɓangare akan Tsarin Gaggawar Girgizar Kasa da Tsarin Ƙararrawa (UrEDAS) na Layukan dogo na Japan, wanda aka ƙera don ba da damar birki ta atomatik na jiragen ƙasa harsashi . 

An yi amfani da bayanan gravimetric daga girgizar ƙasa na shekarar 2011 Tōhoku don ƙirƙirar samfuri don ƙarin lokacin faɗakarwa idan aka kwatanta da ƙirar girgizar ƙasa, yayin da filayen nauyi ke tafiya cikin saurin haske, da sauri fiye da raƙuman ruwa.

Mexico 
The Mexican Seismic Alert System, in ba haka ba da aka sani da SASMEX, ya fara aiki a cikin shekarata 1991 kuma ya fara ba da sanarwar jama'a a shekarata 1993. Gwamnatin Mexico City ce ke ba da kuɗin, tare da gudummawar kuɗi daga jihohi da yawa waɗanda suka karɓi faɗakarwa. Da farko yana hidimar birnin Mexico tare da na'urori masu auna firikwensin guda goma sha biyu, tsarin yanzu yana da na'urori masu auna firikwensin 97 kuma an tsara shi don kare rayuka da dukiyoyi a yawancin jihohin tsakiya da kudancin Mexico.

Amurka 

Cibiyar Nazarin Yanayin Kasa ta Amurka (USGS) ta fara bincike da haɓaka tsarin faɗakarwa na farko ga Tekun Yamma na Amurka a cikin Agusta shekarata 2006, kuma tsarin ya zama abin nunawa a cikin Agusta shekarar 2009.  Bayan matakai daban-daban na haɓakawa, sigar 2.0 ta ci gaba da rayuwa yayin faɗuwar a shekarata 2018, yana ba da damar tsarin "isasshen aiki da gwadawa" don fara Mataki na 1 na faɗakar da California, Oregon da Washington . 

Ko da yake ShakeAlert zai iya faɗakar da jama'a tun daga Satumba 28, shekarata 2018, saƙonnin da kansu ba za a iya rarrabawa ba har sai daban-daban masu zaman kansu da na jama'a na rarrabawa sun kammala aikace-aikacen wayar hannu kuma sun yi canje-canje ga tsarin faɗakarwar gaggawa daban-daban. Tsarin faɗakarwa na farko a bainar jama'a shine ShakeAlertLA app, wanda aka saki a Sabuwar Shekara ta Hauwa'u a shekarata 2018 (ko da yake an faɗakar da shi kawai don girgiza a yankin Los Angeles ).  A ranar 17 ga Oktoba, Na shekarar 2019, Cal OES ta ba da sanarwar fitar da tsarin rarraba faɗakarwa a duk faɗin jihar a California, ta amfani da aikace-aikacen hannu da tsarin Faɗakarwar Gaggawa (WEA).    California tana nufin tsarin su azaman Tsarin Gargaɗi na Farko na Girgizar Ƙasar California. An kaddamar da tsarin rarraba faɗakarwa a duk faɗin jihar a Oregon a ranar 11 ga Maris, a shekarata 2021  da kuma a cikin Washington a ranar 4 ga Mayu, shekarata 2021, yana kammala tsarin faɗakarwa na Tekun Yamma.

Tsarin duniya

Cibiyar Sadarwar Girgizar Kasa 
A cikin Janairu shekarar 2013, Francesco Finazzi na Jami'ar Bergamo ya fara aikin bincike na Cibiyar Girgizar Kasa wanda ke da nufin haɓakawa da kiyaye tsarin faɗakarwar girgizar ƙasa mai cike da jama'a dangane da cibiyoyin sadarwar wayar hannu.   Ana amfani da wayoyi masu wayo don gano girgizar kasa da girgizar kasa ta janyo kuma ana yin gargadi da zarar an gano girgizar kasa. Ana iya faɗakar da mutanen da ke zaune a wani wuri mai nisa daga girgizar ƙasa da kuma wurin ganowa kafin a kai su ga mummunar girgizar ƙasar. Mutane za su iya shiga cikin wannan aiki ta hanyar shigar da aikace-aikacen Android "Cibiyar Girgizar Kasa" a kan wayoyinsu na zamani. Ka'idar tana buƙatar wayar don karɓar faɗakarwa.

MyShake 
A cikin Fabrairu shekarata 2016, da Berkeley Seismological Laboratory a Jami'ar California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley) ya saki MyShake mobile app. Ka'idar tana amfani da ma'aunin accelerometer a cikin wayoyi don yin rikodin girgiza da mayar da wannan bayanin zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje. An shirya cewa za a yi amfani da bayanan don ba da gargaɗin farko a nan gaba.  UC Berkeley ta fitar da sigar ka'idar ta harshen Jafananci a cikin Mayu shekarata 2016.  Ya zuwa Disamba shekarata 2016, app ɗin ya kama kusan girgizar ƙasa 400 a duk duniya.

Tsarin Faɗakarwar Girgizar Ƙasar Android 
A ranar 11 ga Agusta, shekarata 2020, kamfanij Google ya ba da sanarwar cewa tsarin aikin sa na Android zai fara amfani da na'urori masu sauri a cikin na'urori don gano girgizar kasa (da aika bayanan zuwa uwar garken gano girgizar kasa na kamfanin). Kamar yadda miliyoyin wayoyi ke aiki akan Android, wannan na iya haifar da babbar hanyar gano girgizar ƙasa a duniya. 

Da farko dai tsarin ya tattara bayanan girgizar kasa ne kawai kuma bai bayar da sanarwa ba (sai dai a gabar tekun Yamma na Amurka, inda ya ba da sanarwar da tsarin ShakeAlert na USGS ya bayar ba daga na'urar ganowa ta Google ba). Bayanan da na'urorin Android suka tattara an yi amfani da su ne kawai don samar da bayanai masu sauri game da girgizar kasa ta hanyar Google Search, ko da yake an shirya shi don ba da faɗakarwa ga sauran wurare da yawa bisa iyawar Google na ganowa a nan gaba.  A ranar 28 ga Afrilu, shekarata 2021, Google ya sanar da fitar da tsarin faɗakarwa zuwa Girka da New Zealand, ƙasashe na farko da suka karɓi faɗakarwa dangane da iyawar Google na gano kansa.  An ƙara faɗakarwar Google zuwa Turkiyya, Philippines, Kazakhstan, Jamhuriyar Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan da Uzbekistan a watan Yuni 2021.

BudeEEW 
A ranar 11 ga Agusta, shekarata 2020, Linux Foundation, IBM da Grillo sun ba da sanarwar tsarin farko na buɗe tushen girgizar ƙasa da wuri, tare da nuna umarnin don seismometer mai rahusa, tsarin gano gajimare, dashboard da aikace-aikacen hannu.  Wannan aikin yana samun goyon bayan USAID, Clinton Foundation da Arrow Electronics . Tsarin gargaɗin farko na girgizar ƙasa na wayowin komai da ruwan ya dogara ne da ɗimbin hanyar sadarwa na masu amfani da ke kusa da yankin girgizar ƙasa, yayin da OpenEEW ta mai da hankali maimakon samar da na'urori masu araha waɗanda za a iya tura su a yankuna masu nisa kusa da inda girgizar ƙasa za ta iya farawa. Duk abubuwan da ke cikin wannan tsarin buɗaɗɗe ne kuma ana samun su akan ma'ajin GitHub na aikin.

Kafofin watsa labarun 
Shafukan sada zumunta irin su Twitter da Facebook na taka rawar gani a lokacin bala'o'i.  Cibiyar Nazarin Yanayin Kasa ta Amurka ( USGS ) ta binciki haɗin gwiwa tare da shafin yanar gizon Twitter don ba da damar yin saurin gina ShakeMaps.

Duba wasu abubuwan 

 Injiniyan girgizar kasa
 Shirye-shiryen girgizar ƙasa
 P-launi
 Seismic sake fasalin
 Gargadin Farkon Girgizar Kasa (Japan)
 Tsarin Faɗakarwar Seismic na Mexica

Manazarta

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje 

 Gargaɗi na Farko na Girgizar ƙasa - Cibiyar Fasaha ta California
 Hanyoyin Sadarwar Bayesian don Rarraba Girman Girgizar Kasa a cikin Tsarin Gargaɗi na Farko
 Cibiyar Girgizar Kasa - Gidan Yanar Gizon Ayyukan Girgizar Kasa
 Gargaɗi na Farko na Girgizar ƙasa don ƙasashe masu tasowa - Gidan yanar gizon Grillo
 Tsarin Gargaɗi na Farko na Girgizar Ƙasar Buɗewa - Gidan yanar gizon BuɗeEEW
Ruwa
Ambaliya
Gargadi
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