Gidauniyar Adalci ta Muhalli
Gidauniyar Adalci ta Muhalli (EJF), ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta (NGO) wacce Steve Trent da Juliette Williams suka kafa a cikin shekara ta 2000 wadda ke aiki dan tabbatar da duniya inda wuraren zama da mahalli na iya dorewa, kuma al'ummomin da suka dogara da su don bukatunsu na yau da kullun da kuma rayuwarsu. Yana haɓaka adalcin muhalli na duniya, wanda ya bayyana a matsayin "daidaitaccen damar samun ingantaccen yanayi mai lafiya ga kowa, a cikin duniyar da namun daji za su iya bunƙasa tare da ɗan adam." 

EJF tana fallasa laifukan muhalli da lalata da kuma barazanar da ke da alaƙa ga haƙƙin ɗan adam, tana ba da labarun waɗanda ke kan gaba, kuma tana ɗaukar faɗan cikin gida zuwa zuciyar gwamnatoci da kasuwanci a duk faɗin duniya don tabbatar da ɗorewar canji na duniya.

Ƙungiyar tana gudanar da bincike mai tsanani wanda ke faruwa a ƙasa da kuma a cikin teku - yana kuma ba da shaida mara tabbas, cikakkun bayanai, da kuma shaidar shaidar farko - waɗannan an haɗa su da dabarun dabarun da suka kai matsayi mafi girma a cikin gwamnati don tabbatar da dorewa, canji na tsari. . 

Yawancin ayyukan EJF sun haɗa da horarwa da ba da kayan aiki ga al'ummomin da rashin adalcin muhalli ya shafa don yin bincike, yin rikodin da fallasa cin zarafi sannan kamfen yadda ya kamata don daidaito kan batutuwan. 

An ba da mahimmanci ga ikon fim,  duka don rikodin shaidar da ba za a iya warwarewa ba na rashin adalci na muhalli da kuma haifar da saƙon yaƙin neman zaɓe mai ƙarfi wanda zai iya canza duniya.

Ayyukan EJF sun shafi manyan wuraren yaƙin neman zaɓe guda biyar: teku,  yanayi,  gandun daji,  namun daji da nau'in halittu,  da auduga.

Tarihi 
An kafa Gidauniyar Adalci ta Muhalli a London, UK a cikin shekara ta 2000 kuma ta zama Sadaka mai rijista a cikin Agustan shekara ta 2001 ta Steve Trent da Juliette Williams. Ƙirƙirar EJF martani ne ga wahalar ɗan adam da lalata muhalli waɗanda suka kafa ta suka shaida a cikin aikinsu na masu fafutukar kare muhalli.

Wannan gogewa ta sa duka waɗanda suka kafa biyu suka yanke shawarar cewa ainihin haƙƙin ɗan adam na mutane a cikin ƙasashe mafi talauci a duniya galibi ya dogara ne akan samun mutanen da suke samun ingantaccen muhalli don abinci, matsuguni da hanyar rayuwa.

EJF ta fara kamfen ɗinta na farko a cikin 2001: kare haƙƙin kamun kifi na al'umma a Cambodia. Sakamakon shirye-shiryen horarwa da rubuce-rubuce, an kafa cibiyar sadarwa ta ƙasa - Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kan Kamun Kifi -. Tawagar Haɗin gwiwar Ayyukan Kifi, haɗin gwiwar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ne da suka ƙunshi kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu 12, na gida da na waje,  wanda aka samo asali daga Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin. An gabatar da wani rahoton yakin neman zabe mai suna Idi ko Yunwa  kuma aka gabatar da shi ga masu tsara manufofi a wani taro da jakadan Birtaniya a Cambodia ya shirya, wanda ya tabbatar da cewa shi ne ya kawo wannan batu a ƙasar tare da samun goyon bayan ƙasa da ƙasa. 

EJF ya ci gaba da faɗaɗa aikinsa don haɗa magungunan kashe qwari, namun daji da nau'ikan halittu, fatalwar shrimp da noman shrimp, kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba, ba a ba da rahoto ba kuma ba a daidaita shi ba, samar da auduga, sauyin yanayi (tare da mai da hankali kan 'yan gudun hijirar yanayi) da dazuzzuka.

Yankunan aiki da tsarin EJF 
Gidauniyar Adalci ta Muhalli tana bin manufofinta ta hanyar bincike da kamfen don kare mutane, namun daji, da wuraren daji a fadin duniya, suna kawo fasahohi da sabbin abubuwa don kiyaye tekun duniya, dazuzzuka da yanayi. Yana haɗa yunƙurin tushen tushe, yin fim, da bayar da shawarwari mai inganci don samun canji. 

Tana aika da nata ƴan jaridu domin su bincika, rubutawa da kuma tattara rahotanni na take hakkin muhalli da na ɗan adam. Har ila yau, yana aiki a ƙasa don taimakawa wajen horar da ƙungiyoyin gida a cikin ingantattun dabarun bincike don tallata cin zarafi a yankinsu, tare da ba da gudummawar babban matakin siyasa kan waɗannan batutuwa na ƙasa da na duniya. 

EJF sau da yawa yana aiki tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da wasu kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, gwamnatocin ƙasa da ƙungiyoyi na duniya, kasuwanci da kamfanoni. Har ila yau, yana aiki tare da jakadun mashahuran don tallata kamfen ɗinsa, ciki har da majiɓintansa - muhalli da mai fafutuka Tony Juniper, mai zane-zane Rachel Whiteread CBE, actress Emilia Fox, mai bincike Benedict Allen, mai yin fim din namun daji Gordon Buchanan, artist Antony Gormley, OBE, fashion designer Katherine Hamnett CBE, da kuma samfurin, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo kuma mai fafutuka Lily Cole .  Wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel Harold Pinter, CH, CBE ya kasance Mataimaki na EJF daga 2003 zuwa 2008.

Yakin teku 
Fiye da kifaye da kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba na barin tekun mu a kan ƙarshen rugujewar gaba ɗaya, kuma yayin da masu aiki ke neman ƙara wawure tekun da suka gajiyar da mu, da yawa suna yin aikin bayi - wanda tashin hankali ya tilastawa - don rage tsada.

EJF tana aiki don kare teku, kawo karshen kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba da kuma kawar da take hakkin bil'adama da wannan haramtaccen aiki ke haddasawa. Ta yin haka EJF na nufin kare miliyoyin mutanen da suka dogara da teku da kyawawan namun daji iri-iri da ke kiranta gida.

An fara da manyan bincike kan kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba a Afirka ta Yamma, tare da rahoton da 'yan fashin teku da masu cin riba suka kaddamar a shekara ta 2005, aikin EJF a cikin teku a yanzu yana mai da hankali kan muhimman wurare bakwai.

Kawo ƙarshen annobar kamun kifi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba a duniya

Binciken EJF ya haifar da matakin da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba don magance kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba.  Binciken da suka yi kan jiragen ruwa daga Panama,  Thailand,  Ghana  da Koriya ta Kudu,  da sauransu, sun shiga cikin tsarin 'carding' na EU don yin aiki tare da gwamnatoci don kawar da kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba a cikin jiragen ruwa sanya musu takunkumi idan ba a dauki mataki ba.

Rahotanni da bincike na EJF na baya-bayan nan sun ba da haske kan kashe-kashen dolphin a cikin jiragen ruwan kamun kifi na Taiwan,  cin zarafin dan Adam a kan jiragen ruwa mallakar kasar Sin a Ghana,  alakar kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba a yammacin Afirka da cin abincin teku a Turai,  kuma ya haifar da sanya baki a jerin jiragen ruwa masu kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba a duniya. 

Yayin da kifayen ke dab da karyewa  da kuma buƙatun duniya a kowane lokaci, yanzu jiragen ruwa suna ci gaba da tafiya nesa ba kusa ba - galibi suna kamun kifi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba a wasu yankuna na sauran ƙasashe - da kuma tsayawa tsayin daka a cikin teku, don dawo da kama masu raguwa. Wannan ya haifar da ɗumbin ma’aikatan da ake fataucinsu da aka tilastawa yin aikin bauta zuwa ma’aikatan jirgin ruwa, rage farashin kamfanoni, da wadata kasuwar abincin teku a duniya da kayayyaki masu arha.

Rahoton EJF,  fina-finai  da bincike  sun kori gwamnatoci don yin aiki da gabatar da dokoki na gaske don magance bautar zamani a teku.

Kare bambancin halittun ruwa

Yawancin halittun ruwa da na bakin teku suna gab da rugujewa: 90% na manyan kifin teku na duniya sun yi hasarar tun a shekarun 1950.  EJF tana aiki don rubutawa da fallasa dabarun kamun kifin da ke lalata muhalli  waɗanda ke jefa lafiyar tekunmu cikin haɗari da haramtacciyar fatauci  da farautar nau'in ruwa da suka haɗa da sharks, haskoki da kunkuru  waɗanda ke yin barazana ga makomar waɗannan halittu.

A Yammacin Afirka, masu sintiri na kunkuru na EJF suna tafiya a bakin rairayin bakin teku don tabbatar da cewa kunkuru na iya dawowa cikin teku lafiya.  A Laberiya, EJF ta gina wata al'umma ta masu kare namun daji,  kuma ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin Tsarin Ayyukan Ƙasa na Laberiya don kare sharks da haskoki.  A Tailandia, EJF's Net Free Seas aikin yana ɗaukar ragamar kamun kifi da aka watsar, masu halakar da namun daji, daga cikin teku da cikin tattalin arzikin madauwari, yana samar da sabbin samfura masu ɗorewa gami da kayan kariya don yaƙi da COVID-19. 
 

Tabbatar da kamun kifi mai dorewa

Tun daga shekara ta 2017, EJF ta yi aiki tare da abokin tarayya na gida Hen Mpoano  don inganta rayuwar masunta da inganta wadatar abinci a fadin Ghana.  Ta yi aiki tare da kusan al'ummomi 60 a fadin gundumomi 10 na Ghana ta Tsakiya da kuma a cikin Volta Estuary a wani yunƙuri na kiyaye albarkatun ruwa don na yanzu da na gaba na masunta na gida. 

A Yammacin Afirka, EJF yana ba wa al'ummomin gida damar  su tashi tsaye kan ayyukan kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba,  yana ba da shaidar da ake buƙata don gwamnati ta ɗauki mataki kan waɗannan haramtattun ayyuka. Yana tallafawa masunta na gida don fahimta da kare haƙƙinsu a cikin sarrafa kamun kifi. Yana inganta yadda ake rarraba haƙƙin haƙƙin mallaka don kare wuraren saukar masunta daga cin zarafi na yawon buɗe ido da sauran ayyukan masana'antu. Tana gudanar da bincike da shawarwarin siyasa wanda ke nuna tasirin kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba da wuce gona da iri kan haƙƙin ɗan adam na asali.  A ƙarshe, tana ganowa da haɓaka wasu hanyoyin rayuwa don taimakawa faɗaɗa tushen tattalin arzikin al'ummomin masunta da tallafawa dorewar kifin na Ghana na dogon lokaci.

Inganta gaskiya a cikin kamun kifi na duniya

Kamun kifi ba bisa ka’ida ba da bautar zamani suna bunƙasa a cikin inuwa, tare da guje wa binciken gwamnati, masana’antu da masu amfani da su. Don dakatar da shi, dole ne kamun kifin duniya ya zama mai haske sosai. Ka'idoji Goma na EJF don Faɗin Duniya  dalla-dalla kai tsaye, matakai masu amfani waɗanda jihohi za su iya ɗauka don kawo kamun kifi cikin haske. EJF ta ba da shawarar yin amfani da waɗannan ƙa'idodin tare da gwamnatoci ɗaya da kuma cibiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa kamar Hukumar Turai.

EJF's Charter for Transparency yaƙin neman zaɓe na wayar da kan jama'a ya sami goyon bayan manyan dillalai a Burtaniya,  waɗanda suka himmatu wajen samar da abinci mai ɗorewa, na gaskiya, da rahotannin sa  sun wayar da kan dabarun da ma'aikatan da ba su da hankali ke amfani da su don guje wa takunkumi. don kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba.

Yakin yanayi 
EJF na kallon sauyin yanayi a matsayin barazana mai wanzuwa ga bil'adama. Kamar yadda yanayin zafi a duniya ya kai matakin da ba a gani ba tun lokacin da aka fara rikodin, matsanancin yanayi na ci gaba da haifar da babbar matsala kuma hauhawar farashin aiki yana barin mafi talauci da mafi rauni a duniyarmu ta fi shafa. 

EJF ta yi imanin cewa matsalar sauyin yanayi lamari ne da ya shafi muhalli da kuma kare hakkin dan Adam, kuma wadanda suka fara fuskantar matsalar rugujewar yanayi ya kamata a ji muryoyinsu. 

A cikin shekara ta 2021's COP26 a Glasgow,  sun shirya abubuwan da suka faru, nune-nunen zane-zane  kuma sun sadu da shugabannin siyasa don matsawa daukar matakin yanke hukunci kan rikicin yanayi. Sun goyi bayan matasa shida masu fafutukar sauyin yanayi tare da bursaries don halartar COP, suna ba su damar raba saƙonsu,  kuma sun yi hira da ƙarin masu fafutukar sauyin yanayi a duniya a matsayin wani ɓangare na jerin "Muryoyin da suka ɓace daga COP". 

Kamfen nasu na yanayi na nufin tabbatar da kariya ta ƙasa da ƙasa ga karuwar yawan 'yan gudun hijirar yanayi a duniya, da kawo ƙarshen rikice-rikicen da ke da alaƙa da sauyin yanayi, da haɓaka tattalin arziƙin duniya da ba za a iya amfani da shi ba.  "Manifesto na yanayi" a cikin 2021 ya bayyana matakan da shugabannin duniya dole ne su ɗauka a yanzu don kyakkyawar makoma mai kyau, lafiya.

Gangamin gandun daji 
Dazuzzuka su ne mafi bambance-bambancen halittu a cikin ƙasa, gida mai kusan kashi 80% na namun daji na duniya. Kusan mutane biliyan 1.6 sun dogara kai tsaye kan dazuzzuka don rayuwarsu, abinci, matsuguni, da mai. 

EJF na yin kamfen don dakatar da lalatar da waɗannan mahimman wuraren zama.  Mangroves suna ɗaya daga cikin mahimman wuraren zama a duniyarmu amma ana saurin shafe su. EJF ya dade yana aiki don kare mangroves.  Haɗa ƙwararrun abincin teku da na gandun daji a cikin bincike mai tsanani game da barnar mangroves don noman shrimp, EJF ta kasance muryar canji tun shekara ta 2003.  Da yake tattara bayanan mutanen da sare dazuzzuka ya shafa kai tsaye a Bangladesh, EJF ta gina duka shari'ar muhalli game da noman shrimp da na 'yancin ɗan adam - wanda wannan masana'antar ta sanar. 

A cikin shekara ta 2007, EJF ya yi aiki tare da haɗin gwiwar Brazil SOS Abrolhos don samun nasarar kare yankunan bakin teku daga tsare-tsaren gonar shrimp mai girman Heathrow. A baya can, horon da suka yi don Dandalin Tsaro na Ceara Coast ya haifar da nuna fim a gidan talabijin na Brazil da kuma a taron jama'a game da bunkasa gonar shrimp.

Har ila yau, yana aiki don kare dazuzzuka na ƙasa, EJF wani ɓangare ne na ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu masu zaman kansu masu neman sauyi da kuma sa ido kan manufofi a Turai, kamar yadda 'yan majalisa suka fahimci cewa babu wani abu 'kore' game da dabino na dabino. 

Manufar EU na biofuels ta fara yin la'akari da hayaki da ke haifarwa sakamakon sare dazuzzuka da magudanar ruwa na halittu masu arzikin carbon. Umarnin sabunta makamashin da aka sabunta - wanda Hukumar ta gabatar wa Majalisar Tarayyar Turai a cikin Maris na shekara ta 2019 - ta kori dabino daga maƙasudin makamashi na EU, tare da raguwa daga shekara ta 2023 da ƙarewar ƙarshe ta 2030.

Gangamin namun daji da halittu 
EJF ta fara haɗin gwiwa tare da NGO Education for Nature Vietnam (ENV) a cikin shekara ta 2003  wanda aka kafa a cikin shekara ta 2000 a matsayin ƙungiya mai zaman kanta ta Vietnam ta farko da ta mai da hankali kan kiyaye yanayi da namun daji, don yaƙar noma ba bisa ƙa'ida ba.  EJF ya ba da rahoton cewa an yi kiyasin 4000 baƙar fata na Asiya da beyar rana  ana ajiye su ba bisa ka'ida ba a cikin gonakin bear na Vietnam. An fitar da berayen manya masu damfara akai-akai don amfani da su a magungunan gargajiya da tonics.

Tsakanin shekara ta 2003 da  shekara ta2009, EJF ya ba ENV tare da bidiyo, kafofin watsa labaru, sadarwa da horar da shawarwari da kayan aiki. Ya taimaka wajen gudanar da bincike a asirce da jagorantar kamfen na jama'a a gidan talabijin na Vietnam, kuma ya ba da masu sarrafa kyamara da masu gyara da ƙarin horo. 

A cikin shekara ta 2003, EJF ta buga rahoton Cututtuka masu saurin kamuwa da cuta daga namun daji a China: Shin SARS za ta iya sake faruwa?,  wanda ya gano kasuwannin namun daji na China a matsayin tushen yuwuwar kamuwa da cututtukan fata a nan gaba. Lokacin da cutar ta COVID-19 ta tabbatar da hakan a cikin shekara ta 2020, EJF ta ƙaddamar da kamfen don hana kasuwannin namun daji na kasuwanci a duk duniya, tare da sanya hannu kan takardar koke a nahiyoyi shida da sabon rahoto, Me yasa Ban Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Namun daji?  Ƙuntatawa kan kasuwannin namun daji na kasuwanci yana ƙara tsananta a faɗin duniya, kuma ra'ayin jama'a ya fara juya musu baya, hatta a ƙasashen da ke da manyan kasuwannin namun daji na kasuwanci. 

EJF kuma yana aiki tare da masanan halittu na gida da ƴan asalin ƙasar a cikin yankin Pantanal na Brazil,  gida mai mahimmanci na duniya ga manyan mayaƙa, jaguars da ƙari, suna buga rahoton Paradise Lost?  dalla-dalla yadda ake kare wannan yanayin a cikin 2020.

yakin auduga 
EJF ya yi kamfen don rage tsadar ɗan adam da muhalli na samar da auduga, fallasa cin zarafin ɗan adam,  rashin amfani da magungunan kashe qwari,  karancin ruwa  da yin kira ga nuna gaskiya ga sarkar.   Ya yi bincike tare da fallasa ayyukan tilasta wa yara aiki da gwamnati ke yi a Uzbekistan  wanda ya haifar da ci gaba nan take ga sarƙoƙin samar da kayayyaki na ƙasa da ƙasa da manufofin dillalai.  

Fim ɗin lambar yabo ta EJF  da rahoton  White Gold, wanda ke rufe haƙƙin ɗan adam a cikin masana'antar auduga ta Uzbek, an sake shi a cikin shekara ta 2005, tare da yaƙin neman zaɓe na duniya kan "Gaskiya Kudin Cotton"  a cikin haka shekara. An rufe wannan a BBC Newsnight, kuma manyan dillalai Marks da Spencer da Tesco nan da nan suka jefar da audugar Uzbek sakamakon haka.  Hakanan a cikin shekara ta 2006, EJF ya ƙaddamar da Just For, yana siyar da kayan auduga da aka ƙera cikin ɗabi'a tare da haɗin gwiwar manyan masu zanen kaya. 

Gwamnatin Uzbekistan ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin aiki da yara a cikin shekara ta 2008 sakamakon kai tsaye sakamakon matsin lamba na EJF,  da EJF na yaƙin auduga na duniya ya ci gaba da yin rahotanni kan rawar da masana'antar sutura ke takawa wajen haifar da canjin yanayi, kamar 2020's Moral Fibre.

Kamfen na maganin kashe kwari 
Ɗaya daga cikin shirye-shiryen farko na EJF shine yaƙin neman zaɓe na ƙasa kuma a ƙarshe hana duniya akan ƙira da amfani da endosulfan maganin kashe qwari.  Wanda Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka ta keɓe a matsayin abu mai 'matuƙar haɗari', endosulfan an kwatanta shi da DDT a cikin yuwuwar cutar da muhalli, kuma yana da haɗari sosai ga ɗan adam. 

EJF ta fara tattara bayanan amfani da endosulfan a cikin Cambodia a cikin shekara ta 2002 kuma ta buga rahoton da ake kira Mutuwa a cikin ƙananan allurai a wannan shekarar.  Yin aiki tare da CEDAC (Centre d'Etude et de Développement Agricole Cambodgien), wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ta Cambodia, EJF ta rubuta yawan amfani da endosulfan ta manoman Cambodia kuma an rubuta matsalolin tsaro da yawa, gami da rashin kayan kariya da fallasa yara, gidaje, dabbobi da dangi. amfanin gona na abinci.

An yi amfani da ɗan taƙaitaccen taƙaitaccen bayani mai taken Ƙarshen Hanya don Endosulfan  don shawo kan Ministan Muhalli na Kambodiya don hana endosulfan a cikin ƙasar. Daga baya an kawo wannan taƙaitaccen bayani a cikin shawarar Tarayyar Turai ta 2008 don haɗa endosulfan a cikin Maƙallan Yarjejeniyar Stockholm.

A cikin shekara ta 2011, EJF ya sanar a kan shafin yanar gizon su cewa yana "muna farin cikin sanar da cewa, bayan nazari da muhawara mai zurfi, mun kai ƙarshen hanya don maganin ƙwayoyin cuta na endosulfan"  biyo bayan labarai cewa ranar Juma'a 29 ga watan Afrilun shekara ta, 2011, Wakilan kasa a taron jam'iyyu karo na biyar (COP5) sun amince da a jera endosulfan karkashin Annex A na yarjejeniyar Stockholm kan gurbatar gurbatar yanayi (POPs).

Manazarta

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje 

 

Muhalli
Gine-gine
Daji
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