Nigeria Airways
Nigeria Airways Ltd.,wanda aka fi sani da Nigeria Airways ,jirgin sama ne na Najeriya.An kafa kamfanin ne a shekara ta 1958 bayan rusa kamfanin West African Airways Corporation (WAAC).Ya rike sunan WAAC Nigeria har zuwa shekara ta 1971,lokacin da aka sake masa suna zuwa sunan da take dashi har sai da ya daina aiki a shekara ta 2003.Gwamnatin Nijeriya ta mallaki yawancin kamfanin jirgin (51%) har zuwa shekara ta 1961, lokacin da ta bunkasa hannun jarin ta a kamfanin zuwa 100% kuma ta sanya ta tutar kasar.A lokacin rushewar,hedikwatar kamfanin jirgin yana a Airways House da ke Abuja.Ayyuka sun mai da hankali ne a Filin jirgin saman Murtala Muhammed na kasa da kasa da na kasashen waje wadanda galibinsu ke yammacin Afirka ne;Cibiyar sadarwar tana da maki a Turai, Arewacin kasar Amurka da Saudi Arabia. Wasu kamfanonin kasashen waje ne suka gudanar da kamfanin,wadanda suka hada da British Airways, KLM da kuma South African Airways.

Kamfanin jirgin sama na Nigeria Airways ya yi fice a farkon shekara ta 1980, gabanin tashin wata tawaga ta KLM da aka dauke ta aiki don sa kamfanin ya zama mai amfani da riba. A wancan lokacin, rundunar ta kunshi jiragen sama kusan guda 30, amma dako ya kasance baya da shekara biyu tare da asusunsa har zuwa lokacin da aka samu jirgin sama da kudi.    Mallaki ne ko kuma haya, mai jigilar ya yi amfani da jirage iri-iri a tarihinta, wadanda suka hada da Vickers VC10, da Airbus A310, da Boeing 737 da kuma McDonnell Douglas DC-10, wanda ya tashi na karshe da aka taba kerawa.Rashin tsari,rashawa,da wuce gona da iri sun addabi kamfanin,a lokacin rufe kamfanin yana da , mara kyau mara kyau game da tsaro, kuma rukunin jiragen saman ta sun hada da jiragen sama guda daya masu tashi a cikin gida da kuma jiragen haya guda biyu da ke hayar cibiyar sadarwar duniya.   Kamfanin Nijeriya Airways ya samu nasarar ne daga Virgin Nigeria ,sannan kamfanin Arik Air ya karbe wuraren da ke kasa.

Tarihi

Shekarun farko 
Kamfanin jirgin saman ya kasance a ranar    a karkashin sunan West African Airways Corporation Nigeria Limited (WAAC Nigeria), wanda aka fi sani da Nigerian Airways, don maye gurbin lankwasar kamfanin West African Airways Corporation (WAAC);  an riƙe taken "WAAC" saboda darajar da wannan kamfani ya samu a baya.  Da farko, kamfanin jigilar ya kasance wani bangare ne wanda gwamnatin Najeriya ta kasance ita ce ta manyan masu hannun jari (51%), kuma Dattijo Dempster Lines da British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) suka riƙe ragowar (32⅔ da 16⅓, bi da bi).     WAAC Najeriya ta gaji wasu jiragen sama mallakar WAAC a baya. [11] Ayyuka fara a ranar , tare da BOAC Boeing 377 Stratocruiser da ke aiki a madadin sabon kamfanin jirgin da ya hada London Heathrow da Lagos, da kuma Douglas DC-3s da ke jigilar ayyukan cikin gida da gudu zuwa Dakar, na karshe a hade da Ghana Airways . [11]  A wannan ranar, WAAC Nigeria ta sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya ta shekaru 15 tare da BOAC don daukar nauyin 'yan Stratocruisers da Bristol Britannias don yin hidimar jirage masu nisa tsakanin Najeriya da Ingila .  Kwangilar ta kuma yi tunanin cewa za a yi amfani da waɗannan hanyoyin a cikin yarjejeniyar tafki, inda za a iya ba da tikiti ta jirgin sama ɗaya don jiragen da ke ɗayan, tare da raba kudaden shiga. [11]
[[File:Vickers_VC-10_G-ARVL_Nigeria_Aws_Ikeja_1969_edited-2.jpg|left|thumb| A Nigeria Airways Vickers VC-10, an bayar da haya daga BOAC, a Filin jirgin saman Ikeja a shekara ta 1969. Wani kamfani na Forko.
A , rundunar ta kunshi de Havilland Dove, takwas na Havilland Herons da Douglas DC-3s takwas.  A farkon shekarar 1961, Najeriya ta zama ita kadai ce mamallakin kamfanin ta hanyar sayen hannayen jarin da BOAC da Elder Dempster suka yi;  kamfanin jirgin saman ya zama mai dauke da tutar kasar. [11] Dukkanin rundunar Heron an janye daga aiki a watan Maris na 1961 kamar yadda ya zama dole a iya buƙata ta tattalin arziki.  Da nufin maye gurbin rundunar DC-3, an ba da umarnin Fokker Friendship 200s   tare da ɗaukar zaɓuɓɓuka kan ƙarin biyu. [11] A BOAC Comet 4 ya ƙaddamar da ayyukan jigilar jirgi tsakanin Najeriya da Landan a ranar  ; an yi aiki tare tare da kamfanin Nigeria Airways. Abota sun haɗu da rundunar tsakanin Janairu zuwa Mayu 1963, kuma an tura su kan hanyoyin yanki, gami da waɗanda suka yi hidimar Abidjan, Accra, Bathurst, Dakar, Freetown da Robertsfield . [11] An sake sabunta kwangila tare da BOAC kuma an sanya hannu kan wata sabuwar yarjejeniya a watan Afrilun shekarar.  A watan Yuni, an fara maye gurbin DC-3s da Abokai akan hanyoyin zuwa Gambiya, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Laberiya, Senegal, Saliyo, da Leopoldville . Koyaya, za a ci gaba da sanya nau'ikan a kan jigilar fasinjojin Kano - Cotonou - Lomé –Accra da kuma hanyar Lagos zuwa Kano. [11] Daga baya BOAC ta gudanar da ayyukan Vickers VC-10 a madadin kamfanin na Nigeria Airways daga watan Afrilun shekara ta 1964 har zuwa lokacin da aka samo wani nau'in jirgin sama daga kamfanin jirgin saman Burtaniya  ;  jirgin ya lalace a cikin hatsari a watan Nuwamba na waccan shekarar.   An fara jigilar jirgin sama tsakanin Najeriya da Amurka a farkon  . An kira shi ″ Operation Fantastic ", ya danganta Lagos da New York kuma kamfanin Pan Am ke amfani da shi ta hanyar amfani da Boeing 707s da Douglas DC-8s, amma yarjejeniya tsakanin kasashen biyu ta baiwa Nigeria Airways damar siyar da iyakantattun kujeru a wadannan jiragen. 

Yawan ma'aikata ya kasance 2,191 a watan  . A wannan lokacin, rundunar ta kunshi Piper Aztec daya, da Douglas DC-3 da Fokker F27 guda shida wadanda suka yi aiki a kan hanyar sadarwar cikin gida da kuma hanyoyin yankin da suka fadada yamma, har zuwa Dakar, suna aiki a yarjejeniyar kududdufin tare da Ghana Airways ; jerin kasashen turai sun hada da Frankfurt, London, Madrid da Rome, dukkansu sun yi aiki tare da VC10s da aka yi hayar daga BOAC.  A ranar 22 ga Janairun shekara ta 1971, aka sake sunan kamfanin a matsayin Nigeria Airways .   A wannan lokacin kamfanin jirgin ya yi amfani da haya ta jirgin sama a matsayin abin da aka saba: Boeing 707s da suka tashi daga Lagos zuwa London an ba su hayar daga Laker Airways da Ethiopian Airlines har zuwa lokacin da aka sanya sabon Boeing 707-320C a cikin rukunin jiragen da kuma tura su hanyar a cikin watan Agusta 1971,   kuma a cikin Oktoba 1971 an ba da hayar Boeing 737 daga Aer Lingus . [25] Wani jirgin Boeing 707-320C an ba da umarnin a shekara ta 1972, tare da Boeing 737-200s biyu.  An yi hayar jirgin kirar Boeing 707 daga kamfanin Aer Lingus a watan Afrilun shekara ta 1972 don turawa galibi akan hanyar Legas zuwa London, tare da samar da ma'aikata da kuma kulawa. [25] A watan Oktoban shekara ta 1972, wani Fokker F28 ya shiga rundunar a kan yarjejeniyar haya tare da Fokker, kuma daga baya aka ba da umarnin irin wannan jirgin.  A ƙarshen 1972, an sanya hannu kan kwangilar taimakon gudanarwa tare da Trans World Airlines, tare da mai jigilar Ba'amurken ya ba da ƙwararru a fannoni daban-daban na gudanarwa, kasuwanci, da na kuɗi har tsawon shekaru biyar,   amma kwangilar ba ta taɓa ɓacewa ba . [25] Kamfanin Jirgin Sama na Nigeria Airways ya karbi jigilar Boeing 707s guda uku a watan Fabrairun 1973; an saka su cikin aikin Lagos – London nan da nan. An kawo Boeing 737s biyu, tare da rajista 5N-ANC da 5N-AND, a farkon 1970s..

Shekarun zinariya 

A  ma'aikata sun kasance 2,400 masu ƙarfi kuma rundunar ta ƙunshi Boeing 707-320Cs biyu, Boeing 737-200s biyu, Fokker F28s, Fokker F27s biyar, da Piper Aztec ɗaya, yayin da F28-2000s biyar ke kan tsari.   Hanyar sadarwar hanyar a wannan lokacin ta ƙunshi ƙauyukan cikin gida waɗanda aka yi amfani da su daga Kano da Lagos, da kuma hanyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa zuwa Abidjan, Amsterdam, Accra, Bathurst, Beirut, Brussels, Dakar, Douala, Frankfurt, Freetown, London, Madrid, Monrovia, New York, Paris da Rome.  A , kamfanin ya zama abokin ciniki na 83 na Boeing 727, lokacin da aka ba da oda ga Boeing 727-200s biyu da wani Boeing 707-320C;  ya kuma mallaki Douglas DC-10-30 .  Wannan DC-10 jirgi ne mai kujeru 300, wanda ya shafi tattalin arziki wanda ya yi aiki tsakanin Najeriya da Saudiyya. A wannan lokacin dako ya mallaki wasu 707s guda biyu. [25] An umarci DC-10-30 na biyu a farkon 1977.  A ranar 25 ga Afrilu 1977 wani F-27, 5N-AAW, ya yi hadari a Sakkwato lokacin da ya mamaye titin jirgin, kuma a ranar 1 ga Maris 1978 an -28 (5N-ANA) ya yi mummunan hatsari a kusa da Kano, inda ya kashe duka mutane 16 da ke cikin jirgin tare da karin wasu mutane biyu a kasa. [25] Umarni na F28-4000s biyu, wanda zai dace da F28-2000s guda shida da kamfanin jirgin sama ke aiki, an sanya su a ƙarshen 1978.  An sanya kwangila kwatankwacin wacce aka sa hannu tare da TWA a 1972 tare da KLM a , wannan lokacin na tsawon shekaru biyu.  Galibi an shirya shi ne don horar da ma'aikatan kamfanin na Nigeria Airways a harkar kula da jiragen domin sa kamfanin ya zama mai amfani da riba. [25]

An ƙaddamar da sabis zuwa Jeddah a cikin 1980. [25] By , rundunar ta kunshi jirage 26, sun kasu kashi uku Boeing 707-320Cs, biyu Boeing 727-200s, biyu Boeing 737-200s, biyu DC-10-30s, F27-200s biyu, F27-400Ms, hudu F27-600s, shida F28-2000s, F28-4000s biyu, da Aztec daya.  An sayi DC-10 guda biyu don tsabar kuɗi.  Kamfanin jirgin sama na Nigeria Airways ya zama abokin ciniki na 40 na Airbus a cikin shekara ta 1981, lokacin da ya ba da oda don Airbus A310-200s huɗu.  Sabbin Boeing 737-200s huɗu aka umarce su a farkon shekara ta 1981 akan  gami da kayayyakin gyara,  kuma a ƙarshen shekarar an ba da oda don ƙarin ƙarin jirgi huɗu na irin.  A cikin shekara ta 1982, Boeing 747s an sami hayar jere daga kamfanin jirgin sama na Danish na Scanair da SAS ; an tura jirgin saman kan sabis zuwa Kingdomasar Ingila, yana ba da izinin amfani da DC-10s a kan sabbin hanyoyin zuwa Frankfurt, Paris, da Zurich .   Kamfanin jirgin ya mallaki sababbin Boeing 737-200s guda hudu a farkon shekara ta 1983 wadanda zasu maye gurbin hayar jiragen sama iri daya; an same su ne tare da rancen  miliyan da aka tsara tare da manyan bankuna bakwai.  A ranar 28 ga Nuwamba Nuwamban shekara ta 1983, wani Fokker F28 (5N-ANF) ya yi hatsari yayin da yake kan hanyar sa ta zuwa Enugu, ya ci rayukan mutane guda 23 daga cikin mutane 72 da ke cikin jirgin. [25] Bayan wannan hatsarin kamfanin jigilar ya yanke shawarar janye jiragensa na Fokker daga aiki.  Juyin mulkin da sojoji suka yi a ranar karshe ta shekara ta 1983 ya sauya tsarin gwamnati da kamfanin jirgin sama: An nada Bernard Banfa manajan darakta kuma an kori yawancin ma'aikatan da KLM suka horar. [25]  225-seater A310-200s an saka su cikin rundunar a ƙarshen shekara ta 1984 da farkon shekara ta 1985.  Uku daga cikin wadannan jiragen sunada sunayen Rima River, River Ethiope da Lekki Peninsula . [25] Rundunar ta kasance mai ƙarfi 22 a cikin , wanda ya kunshi DC-10-30s biyu, Airbus A310s hudu, Boeing 707-320Cs, Boeing 727-200s, Boeing 737-200s, da Boeing 737-200C; Boeing 737-200s biyu suna kan tsari kuma kamfanin yana da ma'aikata mutane guda 9,096 a wannan lokacin.

Hadari da abubuwan da suka faru 
Kamfanin Sadarwar Jirgin Sama ya rubuta abubuwa guda 16 na kamfanin jirgin, guda takwas daga cikinsu sun haifar da asara.  Hadari mafi munin da dakon jirgin ya fuskanta ya faru ne a ranar 11 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1991, lokacin da mutane guda 261 suka mutu a cikin wani hadari a Filin jirgin saman King Abdulaziz International Airport . Jerin na gaba ya haɗa da abubuwan da suka ba da rahoton haɗari, akwai asarar jirgin sama da ke ciki, ko duka biyun.

Duba kuma 

 Kamfanin jiragen sama na Afirka
 Sufuri a Najeriya

Manazarta

Hanyoyin haɗin waje 

   - Flight International reporting inquiry in 1969 on Nigeria Airways
Filayen jirgin sama a Afirka ta Tsakiya
Filayen jirgin sama
Filayen jirgin sama a Cadi
Hadarin jiragen sama a najeriya
Najeriya
Pages with unreviewed translations