Kudancin Kamaru


Wa'adin League of Nations 
Bayan Yarjejeniyar Versailles,an raba yankin Jamus na Kamerun a ranar 28 ga Yuni, 1919,tsakanin Faransanci da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Biritaniya, Faransanci,wanda ya riga ya gudanar da dukan yankunan da aka mamaye,yana samun girma. An san wajabcin Faransa da Kamaru.Wa'adin na Burtaniya ya ƙunshi yankuna biyu maƙwabta,Arewacin Kamaru da Kudancin Kamaru.An gudanar da su ne daga, amma ba a haɗa su da yankin Birtaniyya na Nijeriya ta hanyar mazaunin Birtaniyya ba (ko da yake wasu masu rike da mukamai suna da matsayin hafsan gundumar,Babban mazaunin ko Mataimakin mazaunin)mai hedikwata a Buea .

Yin amfani da ƙa'idar mulkin kai tsaye,Birtaniyya ta ƙyale hukumomin ƙasar su gudanar da al'umma bisa ga al'adunsu.Wadannan kuma sun tara haraji, wanda daga nan aka biya su ga Turawa.Birtaniya sun sadaukar da kansu don kasuwanci da kuma amfani da albarkatun ma'adinai na yankin.Daliban Kudancin Kamaru, ciki har da Emmanuel Mbela Lifafa Endeley,sun kirkiro kungiyar matasan Kamaru (CYL) a ranar 27 ga Maris 1940,don nuna adawa da abin da suke gani a matsayin cin zarafin kasarsu.

Amintaccen yanki 
Lokacin da Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Ƙasashen Duniya ta ƙare a cikin 1946,yawancin yankunan da aka ba da izini an mayar da su a matsayin yankunan amincewa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, daga yanzu ana gudanar da su ta hanyar Majalisar Amincewa ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya . Abinda aka ba da amana shi ne shirya filaye don samun yancin kai na ƙarshe. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da Yarjejeniyar Amincewa da 'Yan Kamarun Burtaniya da Birtaniyya za ta yi musu a ranar 6 ga Disamba 1946.

An raba Kudancin Kamaru a cikin 1949 zuwa larduna biyu:Bamenda (babban birnin Bamenda, don haka ana kiran su)da Kudancin (babban birnin Buea ).Amma duk da haka an ci gaba da zama nau'in gudanarwa tare da mazaunin Biritaniya guda ɗaya a Buea,amma a cikin 1949 an nada Edward John Gibbons Mazauni na Musamman, kuma a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 1954,lokacin da ikon siyasa ya koma ga zaɓaɓɓen gwamnati,ya gaje kansa a matsayin na farko na kwamishinoni biyu kawai.

Bayan babban taron Ibadan na 1950,sabon tsarin mulki na Najeriya ya ba da karin iko ga yankuna.A zaben da ya biyo baya an zabi wakilan Kudancin Kamaru goma sha uku a matsayin 'yan majalisar dokokin gabashin Najeriya a Enugu .Sai dai a shekarar 1953,wakilan Kudancin Kamaru,wadanda ba su ji dadin yadda ’yan siyasar Najeriya suka mamaye da kuma rashin hadin kai a tsakanin kabilun yankin Gabashin kasar ba,suka bayyana cewa,ba su nuna halin ko-in-kula ba,suka fice daga majalisar.A taron da aka yi a Landan daga 30 ga Yuli zuwa 22 ga Agusta 1953,wakilan Kudancin Kamaru sun nemi wani yanki na daban.Birtaniya ta amince,kuma Kudancin Kamaru ya zama yanki mai cin gashin kansa wanda har yanzu babban birninsa yana Buea.An gudanar da zaɓe a 1954 kuma majalisa ta hadu a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 1954, tare da EML Endeley a matsayin Firayim Minista.Yayin da Kamaru da Najeriya ke shirin samun ‘Yancin kai, ‘yan Kudancin Kamaru sun tafka muhawara kan ko muradin su ya shafi tarayya da Kamaru,tarayya da Najeriya ko kuma ‘yancin kai baki daya. An kayar da Endeley a zaben ranar 1 ga Fabrairun 1959 ta hannun John Ngu Foncha .

An gudanar da kuri'ar raba gardama a shekarar 1959 da 1961 a kasar Kamaru domin sanin alaka da Najeriya ko Kamaru.A cikin 1961,'yan Arewacin Kamaru sun zaɓi haɗin gwiwa tare da Najeriya da Kudancin Kamaru don haɗin gwiwa da (tsohuwar Faransa)Kamaru.

Kudancin Kamaru sun zama yanki na Kamaru a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 1961.Foncha ya taba zama Firayim Minista na Yammacin Kamaru kuma mataimakin shugaban Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Kamaru.Duk da haka, al'ummar Kudancin Kamaru (yanzu yammacin Kamaru) masu magana da Ingilishi ba su yarda cewa gwamnatin Faransa ta yi musu adalci ba.Bayan kuri'ar raba gardama a ranar 20 ga Mayu 1972,an amince da sabon kundin tsarin mulki a Kamaru wanda ya maye gurbin gwamnatin tarayya da kasa mai hadewa .Kudancin Kamaru sun rasa matsayinsu na cin gashin kansu kuma suka zama Lardin Arewa maso Yamma da lardin Kudu maso Yamma na Jamhuriyar Kamaru.Mutanen Kudancin Kamaru sun ƙara jin an ware su.Ƙungiyoyi irin su Kamaru Anglophone Movement (CAM)sun bukaci babban yancin cin gashin kai,ko yancin kai,ga larduna.

Ƙungiyoyin masu rajin ƴancin kai sun yi iƙirarin cewa ƙudurin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya mai lamba 1608 21 ga Afrilu 1961,wanda ya buƙaci Birtaniya,da Gwamnatin Kudancin Kamaru da Jamhuriyar Kamaru su shiga tattaunawa da nufin cimma matsaya kan matakin haɗin gwiwar kasashen biyu,kuma cewa Gwamnatin Burtaniya ta yi sakaci wajen dakatar da rikon amana ba tare da tabbatar da an yi shirye-shirye masu kyau ba.Sun ce amincewa da kundin tsarin mulkin tarayya da Kamaru ta yi a ranar 1 ga Satumbar 1961 ya zama hade da Kudancin Kamaru.

Wakilan kungiyoyin Anglophone sun gudanar da Babban Taron Wayar Anglophone na farko (AAC1)a Buea daga 2 ga Afrilu zuwa 3 ga Afrilu 1993.Taron ya fitar da "Buea Declaration", wanda ya yi kira da a yi wa kundin tsarin mulki kwaskwarima don maido da tarayyar ta 1961.Wannan ya biyo bayan taron All Anglophone na biyu (AAC2) a Bamenda a cikin 1994. Wannan taron ya fitar da "Bamenda Declaration",wanda ya bayyana cewa idan ba a maido da gwamnatin tarayya cikin lokaci mai kyau ba,Kudancin Kamaru za su ayyana 'yancin kai.An canza sunan kungiyar AAC zuwa taron jama'ar Kudancin Kamaru (SCPC),daga baya kuma kungiyar mutanen Kudancin Kamaru (SCAPO), tare da Majalisar Kudancin Kamaru (SCNC)a matsayin hukumar zartarwa. Matasa masu fafutuka sun kafa kungiyar matasan Kudancin Kamaru (SCYL) a Buea a ranar 28 ga Mayu 1995.SCNC ta aike da wata tawaga karkashin jagorancin John Foncha zuwa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, wacce aka karba ranar 1 ga watan Yunin 1995 kuma ta gabatar da koke game da 'mallakar' Kudancin Kamaru da Faransa ta yi.Hakan ya biyo bayan kuri'ar raba gardama da aka sanya hannun a cikin wannan shekarar,wanda masu shirya gasar suka yi ikirarin cewa kashi 99% na masu goyon bayan 'yancin kai ne inda mutane 315,000 suka kada kuri'a.

Mambobin jam'iyyar SCNC dauke da makamai sun mamaye gidan rediyon Buea da ke lardin Kudu maso Yamma a daren ranar 30 ga Disamba 1999 kuma a farkon ranar 31 ga Disamba sun watsa wani kaset na shelanta 'yancin kai wanda alkali Ebong Frederick Alobwede ya karanta.

Kungiyar kare hakkin bil adama ta Amnesty International ta zargi mahukuntan Kamaru da take hakkin bil adama a kan masu fafutuka na Kudancin Kamaru.

Kudancin Kamaru,tun daga lokacin aka canza suna zuwa Ambazonia,memba ne a cikin Unpresented Nations and Peoples Organisation (UNPO)tun 2005 kuma memba ne na kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka (OEAS).
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