Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus anthracis kwayar cuta ce ta gram-positive kuma mai siffar sanda wacce ke haifar da cutar anthrax, cuta mai saurin kisa ga dabbobi kuma, lokaci-lokaci, ga mutane. Ita ce kadai cuta  ( wajabta ) a cikin kwayar halittar Bacillus . Kamuwa da cuta yana faruwa ta hanyar dabbobine  ne, kamar yadda ake yada shi daga dabbobi zuwa mutane.  Wani likita dan kasar Jamus Robert Koch ne ya gano ta a shekara ta 1876, kuma ya tabattar da cewa itace  kwayar cuta ta farko da aka nuna ta hanyar gwaji. Binciken kuma shine shaidar farko ta kimiyya don ka'idar da ta nuna cewa akwai ƙwayoyin cuta . 

B. Anthracis wanda ba a yi maganinta ba  yawanci yana iya saka mutuwa. Alamar  kamuwa da cuta ya hada da  kumburi, baƙar fata, raunin necrotic ( eschars ). tabon  yakan bayyana akan fuska, wuya, hannaye. Alamun cututtuka sun haɗa da zazzabi mai kama da mura, rashin jin daɗin ƙirji, diaphoresis (yawan zufa), da ciwon jiki. Wani masanin kimiyar Faransa Louis Pasteur ne ya samar da allurar rigakafin dabbobi ta farko a kan anthrax a shekara ta 1881. Ana samun alluran rigakafin dabbobi da na mutane daban-daban yanzu. Ana iya magance cutar ta hanyar maganin rigakafi na yau da kullun kamar penicillins, quinolones, da tetracyclines.

Tarihinta 
Likitan Faransa Casimir Davaine (1812-1882) ya nuna alamun anthrax sun kasance koyaushe tare da kwayar cutar  B. anthracis .  Likitan Jamus Aloys Pollender (1799-1879) an bashi yabo shi don ganowa. B. anthracis ita ce kwayar cuta ta farko da aka tabbatar da ita tana haifar da cuta, ta Robert Koch a 1876. 

Sunan nau'in anthracis ya fito ne daga anthrax na Girka (ἄνθραξ), ma'ana "kwal" kuma yana nufin mafi yawan nau'in cutar, cutaneous anthrax, wanda a cikinsa ya sami raunuka masu girma, baƙar fata. A cikin karni na 19, Anthrax kamuwa da cuta ne wanda ya haɗa da ci gaban kiwon lafiya da yawa. Alurar riga kafi na farko mai dauke da rayayyun kwayoyin halitta shine maganin cutar anthrax na dabbobi na Louis Pasteur.

Manazarta