Benjamin Steinberg
Benjamin Steinberg (An haifeshi ranar 15 ga watan Maris din shekarar 1915 - 29 ga Janairu 1974) ya kasance ɗan wasan violin na kide-kide na Amurka, jagora, kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a, wanda aka fi tunawa da shi a matsayin babban darektan fasaha na Symphony of the New World, ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta farko mai haɗakar wariyar launin fata a Amurka. Waƙar ta farko ta kasance a Hall Carnegie ta New York a ranar 6 ga Mayu, 1965.

Kiɗa

Violinist 
Gyara Steinberg ya kasance tushe a cikin violin a sashin farko na violin na NBC Symphony Orchestra, yana kuma wasa akan watsa shirye-shiryensu na rediyo a cikin 1943 a ƙarƙashin sandar madugu Arturo Toscanini. Daga baya ya zama ɗan wasan violin na farko tare da Symphony na Pittsburgh wanda Fritz Reiner ya jagoranta, wanda shi ma ya yi karatun gudanarwa. Sauran shugabannin da Steinberg ya yi a karkashin su sune Otto Klemperer da Leopold Stokowski.

darektan kiɗa 
Gyara Steinberg ya fara gudanarwa a cikin 1941 tare da National Youth Administration (NYA) Symphony, bayan ya yi karatu a karkashin Pierre Monteux. Ya gudanar da wasan kwaikwayon Amurka mai duhu, wanda marubucin Ba'amurke ɗan Afirka William Grant Still ya rubuta a cikin 1924. An watsa wasan kwaikwayon a gidan rediyon WNYC (AM) a birnin New York a ranar 16 ga Afrilun shekarata 1941. A cikin bayanan shirin mawaƙin, Har yanzu ya rubuta cewa yanki "wakilin Negro ne na Amurka. An gabatar da gefensa mai tsanani kuma an yi niyya don ba da shawarar cin nasara ga mutane a kan bacin rai da addu'a mai tsauri... da addu'ar ruhi, maimakon ruhohi masu bacin rai.

Benjamin Steinberg ya fara aiki tare da baƙaƙen madugu Dean Dixon da Everett Lee don kafa ƙungiyar kade-kade ta ƙwararrun ƙwararrun mawaƙa ta farko a cikin U.S.A, Amurka Zai ɗauki wasu shekaru ashirin kafin a cimma, duk da haka.

Symphony na Sabuwar Duniya 
Yayin da ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin jama'a na shekarun 1960 suka sami ƙarfi a cikin Amurka, Steinberg ya kafa kwamiti don ƙirƙirar ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta ƙwararrun mawaƙa da masu gudanarwa, ba tare da la'akari da launin fata ba. Bayanin manufa na Symphony na Sabuwar Duniya an rubuta watanni biyu kafin a sanya hannu kan Dokar Haƙƙin Bil Adama ta shekarata 1964 ta zama doka. Steinberg ya karɓi mukamin darektan kiɗa kuma ya sami kuɗi don kakar farko ta ƙungiyar makaɗa. An gudanar da wasan kwaikwayo na farko na ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta farko a cikin Amurka a Carnegie Hall a ranar Mayu 6, 1965,  watanni biyu kafin Dokar Haƙƙin Zaɓe ta 1965 ta zama doka. Steinberg ya ce game da kokarin, "Muna da basira da yawa a wannan birni, kuma dole ne mu samar da damar da za mu gabatar da shi ga jama'a". Masu tallafawa sun haɗa da Samuel Barber, Leonard Bernstein, Ruby Dee, Langston Hughes, William Warfield, Aaron Copland, Duke Ellington, da Zero Mostel. Yayin da ƙungiyar makaɗa ta haɓaka, Marian Anderson da Leontyne Price sun shiga Hukumar Gudanarwa, kuma James DePriest ya zama Babban Jagoran Baƙi. Wani fitaccen shugabar bako shine Everett Lee.

Mawakan kade-kade sun kasance wadanda suka sauke karatu daga makarantun kade-kade kamar Juilliard (Elayne Jones), Makarantar Kida ta Eastman, Makarantar Kida ta Manhattan, da New England Conservatory. An watsa shirye-shiryensa a gidan rediyon Muryar Amurka da na Sojoji ga masu sauraro a duk duniya. Mujallar Ebony ta furta ta, "saboda fasaha da dalilai na zamantakewa, wani babban ci gaba a tarihin kiɗa na Amurka". Bayan watan Agustan shekarar 1969, wasan kwaikwayo na Symphony na interracial, Asbury Park Press (NJ) ya kasance mai ban sha'awa a cikin yabon Steinberg a matsayin "hasken jagora" na kungiyar makada a cikin imani cewa "wariya ba ta da wuri a cikin duniyar mawaƙa." . Mai sukar Charles Hill ya yaba da yadda yake gudanar da aikinsa saboda "kyakkyawan nagarta".

Yayin da darektan kiɗa na Symphony na Sabuwar Duniya, Steinberg ya haɗu tare da mawaƙin Pulitzer wanda ya lashe kyautar George Walker a farkon Address na Orchestra na Walker, wanda Symphony of the New World ya yi a 1968. A cikin 1970, Steinberg ya gudanar da Symphony na Sabuwar Duniya a Cibiyar Lincoln, New York, a cikin wasan kwaikwayon I Have a Dream, girmamawa ga Martin Luther King Jr. Pulitzer mai sukar kiɗan da ya lashe lambar yabo Donal Henahan ya ce na daya- Symphony na baƙar fata na uku na Sabuwar Duniya a cikin 1970, "yana nuna a kai a kai yana nuna ingancin matsayinsa a cikin mafi yawan lili-fararen symphonic duniya". Steinberg ya ci gaba da zama darektan kiɗa na Symphony na Sabuwar Duniya har zuwa Oktoba 1971, lokacin da ya yi murabus bayan takaddamar manufofin siyasa tare da kwamitin ƙungiyar makaɗa. A lokacin da ya yi murabus, kungiyar tana da mawaka 80.Takardun Symphony na Sabuwar Duniya suna zaune a Cibiyar Bincike ta Schomburg a cikin Al'adun Baƙar fata.

The Ballet 
Tsakanin shekarata 1945-1947, Steinberg shine Mataimakin Jagora na Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ballet na Amurka. A ranar 26 ga Nuwamba, 1947, ya gudanar da farkon jigo da Bambance-bambance, wanda George Balanchine ya rubuta don prima ballerina assoluta Alicia Alonso da Igor Youskevitch. Steinberg ya kuma yi yawon shakatawa na Kudancin Amirka tare da Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo tare da Alonso da Youskevitch a ƙarshen 1940s, da kuma tare da Melissa Hayden da Barbara Fallis, dukansu sun shiga kamfanin ballet na Alonso a Cuba a 1959. A cikin 1959, Steinberg ya zama darektan kiɗa na farko kuma madugu na Ballet na Cuban National Ballet, kamfanin ballet wanda Alonso ke gudanarwa, wanda aka sake masa suna lokacin da Fidel Castro ya hau mulki a waccan shekarar. Steinberg ya kasance a wannan mukamin har zuwa 1963, lokacin da ya koma Amurka bayan wani rangadin Tarayyar Soviet a matsayin jagoran kungiyar kade-kade ta Ballet Symphony na Kuba.

mutuwa 
Benjamin Steinberg ya mutu a ranar 29 ga Janairu, 1974, daga pancreatic (ciwon daji)

=Manazarta

Haifaffun 1915
Mutuwan 1974