Sarah Trimmer
Sarah Trimmer (sunan haihuwa: Sarah Kirby; an haife ta a ran 6 ga Janairun 1741 kuma ta mutu a ranar 15 ga Disamba, a shekara ta 1810) marubuciya ce kuma mai sukar litattafan yara na ƙarni na 18, na Biritaniya, kazalika kuma mai canjin ilimi. Lokcinta na zamani, The Guardian of Education, ya taimaka wajen ayyana irin abubuwan da ke fitowa ta hanyar yin nazarin karatun yara a karon farko; Hakanan ta samar da tarihin farko na wallafe-wallafen yara, da kafa asarar tarihin farkon abubuwan da masana suka ci gaba har yau. Littafin Trimmer mafi mashahuri na yara, Fabulous Tarihi, ya yi wahayi game da labarun dabbobi na yara da yawa kuma ya kasance yana buga fiye da ƙarni.

Trimmer shima dan agaji ne. Ta kafa makarantu da yawa na ranar Lahadi da makarantu masu ba da sadaka a cikin Ikklesiya. Don ci gaba da waɗannan ayyukan ilimi, ta rubuta litattafai da Littattafan bayanai ga mata masu sha'awar fara makarantun nasu. 'Soƙarin Trimmer ya yi wahayi ga wasu mata, kamar su Hannah More, don kafa shirye-shiryen makarantun Lahadi tare da rubuta wa yara da matalauta. 

Ayyukan Trimmer an sadaukar da su don kiyaye yawancin bangarori na matsayin zamantakewa da siyasa. A matsayinta na babban cocin Anglican, tana da niyyar ci gaba da kafa Ikklisiyar Ingila da koyar da yara ƙanana da matalauta koyarwar Kiristanci . Litattafan ta sun bayyana fa'idodin matsayi na zamantakewa, suna bayar da hujjar cewa kowane aji ya kamata ya tsaya a matsayin da Allah ya bashi. Duk da haka, yayin da yake tallafawa yawancin ra'ayoyin siyasa da zamantakewa na lokacin ta, Trimmer ya tambayi wasu, kamar waɗanda ke kewaye da jinsi da dangi.

Farkon Rayuwa 

Joshua Trimmer an haife shi ne a ranar 6 ga Janairu 1741 a Ipswich, Ingila zuwa Joshua Kirby da Sara (ullan Bull); mahaifinta sanannen ɗan zane ne kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban ofungiyar Masu zane-zane na Biritaniya . Trimmer yana da brotheraramin ɗan'uwa, William; Ta kasance mafi inganci marubuciya, domin wani lokacin za ta rubuta masa littattafan rubutun littafinsa.  Lokacin yarinya, Trimmer ya halarci Mrs. Makarantar Justiner ta kwana a Ipswich, kwarewar da koyaushe take tunawa da ita.  A shekara ta 1755, dangi sun koma Landan lokacin da mahaifinta wanda ya rubuta ayyuka da yawa game da hangen nesa, ya zama mai koyar da hangen zaman gaba ga Yariman Wales.  Saboda alaƙar mahaifinta a tsakanin al'umman ma'abota zane-zane, Trimmer ya iya haɗuwa da masu zane-zane William Hogarth da Thomas Gainsborough da kuma marubucin nan kuma mai sukar lamirin Samuel Johnson . Ta yi matukar farin ciki kan Johnson lokacin da ta fito da kwafin aljihun ta John Milton's Paradise Lost (1667) don taimakawa wajen warware takaddama tsakanin mahaifinta da Johnson a kan wani takamaiman labarin. Johnson, ta yi farin ciki matuka da cewa ta gamsu da Milton har ya isa ya gudanar da ayyukanta tare da ita a kowane lokaci, "daga baya ta gayyace ta zuwa gidansa tare da gabatar mata da wasu hotunan shahararta na Rambler ".  A 1759, bisa ga tsohuwar dalibarsa yariman Yariman Wales (sannu a hankali ya zama George III ), mahaifinta ya zama Clerk of the Services zuwa Gidan sarauta a Fadar Kew kuma dangi suka koma Kew .  A can ne ta sadu da James Trimmer, wanda ta aura a ranar 21 ga Satumbar 1762; bayan aure, ma'auratan sun koma Old Brentford .

Mutuwa 

Mijin Trimmer ya mutu a shekara ta 1792; wannan ya shafe ta sosai, kamar yadda ya tabbata a cikin littafinta. A shekara ta 1800, an tilasta mata da wasu 'ya'yanta mata su ƙaura zuwa wani gida a Brentford . Wannan ya kasance mai ban tsoro ga Trimmer, wanda ya rubuta a cikin rubutunsa:

Manazarta