Haƙar Kabwe
Haƙar Kabwe ko Broken Hill mine ne mai ritaya dalma da aikin hakar ma'adinai kusa da Kabwe, Zambia wanda ya yi aiki daga 1906 zuwa 1994. A kololuwarta, tsakanin 1925 zuwa 1974, ita ce babbar mai samar da gubar a Afirka.   Ma'adinan ya haifar da gurɓatar dalma mai matuƙar guba har tsawon shekaru casa'in kuma ta kashe mutane sama da 100,000 ciki har da dubun dubatar yara.   Wasu masana harkokin gurbatar yanayi sun ce Kabwe na iya zama garin da ya fi gurbata muhalli a duniya. 

A cikin 1921, an gano wani "kogon kashi" wanda ya hada da burbushin kwanyar dan Adam mai suna Kabwe 1 a cikin ma'adinan. Wannan burbushin ita ce gawarwakin ɗan adam da ba a taɓa gani ba da aka samu a Afirka.  Arthur Smith Woodward na Gidan Tarihi na Tarihi na Biritaniya ne ya yi nazari kan kwanyar, wanda ya wallafa wata takarda mai suna sabon mafarin dan Adam Homo rhodesiensis .   Nazarin kwanyar Kabwe yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci ga fahimtar juyin halittar ɗan adam da kafin tarihi. 

Gwamnatin Zambiya ta mayar da mahakar ma’adinan zaman kanta kuma ta rufe shi a shekarar 1995. A cikin 2021, har yanzu akwai kusan tan miliyan 5 na wutsiyoyi na ma'adinai a wurin, kuma gwamnatin Zambia ta ba da lasisin sake sarrafa wannan sharar da kuma kara hako ma'adinai ta kamfanin Jubilee Metals na Afirka ta Kudu.  Masu aikin hako ma'adinai kuma suna hakowa yankin . Duk waɗannan ayyukan suna gabatar da haɗarin lafiya mai gudana ga al'ummomin gida ta hanyar fitar da ƙarin gubar.  

A watan Yulin 2021, masu aiko da rahotanni na musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun bukaci gwamnatin Zambia da ta gyara wurin mai guba. Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam da muhalli sun kuma bukaci gwamnati da ta magance gurbatar yanayi da matsalolin kiwon lafiya da ke haifarwa a cikin al'ummomin yankunan.  Ana ci gaba da shari'ar Anglo American plc game da gurbatar yanayi a Afirka ta Kudu a cikin 2023.

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