Padishah
Padishah (Pershanci ; lit.  Madaukakin Sarki '  daga Farisa :  [ko Tsohon Farisa: *  ], 'master', da shāh, 'sarki'), wani lokaci ana kiransa romanici kamar padeshah, padshah ko badshah ( Persian   ; Ottoman Turkish     ; , ana furta shi  [ˈpaːdiʃah] ;    , Hindi     ), babban laƙabi ne mai girma na asalin Farisa.

An riga an san nau'in kalmar a Farisa ta Tsakiya, ko yaren Pahlavi, a matsayin pātaxšā(h) ko pādixšā(y).  Pād na Tsakiyar Farisa na iya fitowa daga Avestan pa i ti,  kuma yana kama da Pati (lakabi) . Xšāy, "don mulki", da xšāyaθiya, "sarki", daga harshen Farisa na zamanin baya.

An sanyawa sarakuna da dama sunan da ke da'awar matsayi mafi girma, kusan yayi daidai da kalmar tsohuwar Farisa wato " Sarkin sarakuna ", sannan daga baya bayan Achaemenid da sarakunan Mughal na Indiya suka karbe shi. Duk da haka, a wasu lokuta ana amfani da shi gabaɗaya ga sarakunan musulmi masu cin gashin kansu, kamar yadda yake a cikin Hudud al-'Alam na ƙarni na 10, inda har wasu qananan sarakunan Afghanistan ake kira pādshā(h)/pādshāʼi/pādshāy. 

Sarakunan karaga masu zuwa - biyun farko sun mulka manyan daulolin Yammacin Asiya - an sanya su Padishah:

 Shahanshah na Iran, wanda ya samo asali ne daga Safawiyawa
 Padishah na Daular Ottoman
 Badshah na Hindustan, wanda Mughals ke amfani da shi
 Wasu sarakunan Seljuk, kamar Grand Seljuk Ahmad Sanjar (as , fassarar larabci  [Sarkin Gabas da Yamma]), Sultan na Rum Kaykhusraw I (as). Padishah of Islam ), and Sultan of Rum Kayqubad I (as  ). 
 Mongol Ilkhan Ghazan ya dauki lakabin Padshah-i Islam bayan da ya musulunta a shekara ta 1295, mai yiyuwa ne domin ya zubar da martabar addinin masarautar Mamluk a Masar.  Sunan Ilkhan, wanda aka fara amfani da shi  –1265, na iya zama daidai da Padishah, idan an ɗauke shi da ma'anar "sarautar khan" (kuma ba "Khan mai ƙarƙashin" kamar yadda aka saba gani ba). 
 Miangul Golshahzada Abdul Wadud (wanda ya riga ya zama Amir-i shariat, magajinsa [Khān da] Wali ) na Pakistan North-West Frontier state of Swat, wanda ya kira kansa badshah daga Nuwamba 1918 zuwa Maris 1926.
 Ahmad Shah Durrani, wanda ya kafa daular Durrani a shekara ta 1747 da lakabin Pādshah-i Afganistan a cikin harshen Farisa da kuma Badcha Da Afganistan a yaren Pashto . An hambarar da Sadduzai a cikin 1823 amma Shah Shujah ya sami ɗan gyarawa a cikin 1839 tare da taimakon Burtaniya Indiya & Ranjit Singh da Daular Sikh . Lakabin ya tsaya cik tun daga kisan gillar da aka yi masa a 1842 har zuwa 1926 lokacin da Amanullah Khan ya tayar da shi (a hukumance daga 1937) kuma a karshe an yi masa rasuwa tare da murabus din Mohammed Zahir Shah a 1973 bayan juyin mulki; a wani lokaci masarautar Afghanistan ta yi amfani da salon Emir (Amir al-Momenin) ko Malik ("Sarki"). 
 Basha bey na Tunisiya na ƙarshe, Muhammad VIII al-Amin (wanda aka yi shelar bey a ranar 15 ga Mayu 1943), ya ɗauki salon mulkin padshah 20 Maris 1956 - 25 Yuli 1957.

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