Dammam
Dammam ( Larabci الدمام Ad Dammām ) babban birni ne na lardin Gabashin Saudiyya . Dammam shine birni mafi girma a cikin Yankin Gabas. Shine birni na biyar mafi girma a Saudi Arabiya. Yana daga cikin yankin Dammam. Yana da mahimmin cibiyar kasuwanci da tashar jirgin ruwa . ]

Filin jirgin saman Sarki Fahd (KFIA) yana arewa maso yammacin garin. Tashar Ruwa ta Sarki Abdul Aziz ta Dammam ita ce mafi girma a kan Tekun Fasiya . Kasuwancin shigo da shi zuwa cikin kasar shine na biyu zuwa tashar jirgin ruwan Jeddah.

garin Damam sananne ne da kasancewa babbar cibiyar gudanarwa na masana'antar mai na Saudiyya. Dammam shine babban yankin babban birni na Dammam, wanda kuma aka sani da yankin Greater Dammam, wanda ya ƙunshi 'Biranen Triplet' na Dammam, Dhahran, da Khobar . Yankin yana da yawan jama'a 2,190,900 kamar na 2022  kuma yana da alaƙa da birni ta hanyar zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, da alaƙar al'adu. Garin yana girma cikin sauri na musamman na 12% a shekara  -

mafi sauri a Saudi Arabia, GCC, da kuma Larabawa .  Tun daga 2016, Greater Dammam shine yanki na huɗu mafi girma na birni ta yanki da yawan jama'a a cikin Majalisar Haɗin gwiwar Gulf .

Yankin da a ƙarshe ya zama Dammam, ƙabilar Dawasi ce ta zauna a shekara ta 1923, tare da izinin Sarki Ibn Saud . Asalin yankin ya kasance wurin kamun kifi kuma an haɓaka shi zuwa yanayin da yake ciki a cikin rabin karni jim kaɗan bayan gano mai a yankin, a matsayin tashar tashar jiragen ruwa da cibiyar gudanarwa . Tare da hadewar Saudiyya, an mai da Dammam babban birnin sabuwar lardin Gabashin da aka kafa.

Filin jirgin sama na King Fahd International Airport (KFIA) ne ke kula da yankin na Dammam da sauran yankunan Gabas, filin jirgin sama mafi girma a duniya dangane da filin fili (kimanin 780 .  ), kusan 31 km (19 mi) arewa maso yammacin birnin. Tashar ruwa ta Sarki Abdul Aziz ta Dammam ita ce mafi girma a Tekun Fasha, zirga-zirgar shigo da kayayyaki ta biyu bayan tashar tashar Islama ta Jeddah mai tarihi a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka ( MENA ). Damam kuma memba ne a cikin Ƙungiyar Ƙarfafa Makamashi ta Duniya (WECP).

Dammam birni ne, da ke a Gabashin Lardin Saudiyya, a gabar  Tekun Farisa . Ita ce babban birnin lardin Gabas kuma birni na uku mafi girma a Saudiyya. Shi ne birni mafi girma a Lardin Gabas kuma na shida mafi girma a cikin Masarautar. Birnin Dammam shine cibiyar gudanarwa na yankin Dammam Metropolitan Area, wanda ya hada da garuruwan Al Khobar da Dhahran.

Tarihi 
An kafa Dammam a shekara ta 1923 a karkashin kabilar Al Dawasir da ta yi hijira daga Bahrain bayan da sarki Abdul Aziz ya ba su damar zama a cikin yankin. Kabilar ta fara zama a Khobar, wanda aka zaba saboda kusancinta da tsibirin Bahrain kamar yadda kabilar ta yi fatan komawa can nan ba da dadewa ba, amma turawan Ingila sun yi musu taurin kai. Duk da haka, wannan ya ba wa al'ummar Khobar daga kai, tare da kulla alaka ta kut da kut da babban birnin Dammam.

Nema da gano mai (1932-1940s) 
Shirin hakar rijiyoyin mai a Dammam ya fara ne a cikin bazara na shekara ta 1933 A Jeddah, lokacin da gwamnatin Sarki Abd al-Aziz Al Saud da wakilan Kamfanin Mai na Standard na California suka rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar rangwamen mai. An aika da tawagar masanan kasa zuwa Dammam. Sun kammala shirinsu na rijiyoyin a farkon watan Yuni 1934.  Aikin rumbun ajiyar na'urar hakar ma'adinai na farko a Damam ya fara kusan a watan Janairun 1935, kuma ya ƙare a ranar 19 ga Fabrairu a 1935. A ranar 30 ga Afrilu, 1935, an fara aikin hako rijiyar mai ta 1 a Dammam.  Lokacin da Dammam No. 1 bai haifar da sakamako mai ban sha'awa ba, aikin da aka yi a kan shi ya tsaya a ranar 4 ga Janairu 1936, kuma Dammam No. 2 ya hako. Saboda kyakkyawan sakamakon da aka samu, an yi shirin hako rijiyoyi 5 a kewayen Dammam mai lamba 2.  Tsakanin watan Yuni zuwa farkon watan Satumba na shekarar 1936, an sa ido sosai kan samar da dukkan wadannan atisayen, kuma yawancinsu ba su da dadi.  Ranar 7 ga Disamba, 1936, an fara aikin a Damam No. 7. Da farko hakowar ba ta haifar da kyakkyawan sakamako ba. Duk da haka, a ranar 4 ga Maris 1938, Rijiyar No.7 ta fara samar da adadin mai.  Saudi Aramco, ta haƙa shahararriyar rijiyar Dammam mai lamba 7, wadda a yanzu ta keɓe rijiyar wadata, wanda ya tabbatar da cewa masarautar ta mallaki iskar gas mai yawa

Matakin girma cikin sauri (1940-1960s) 
An gano rijiyoyin mai na baya-bayan nan a kusa da Dammam a cikin shekarun 1940 zuwa 50, wanda a yanzu ya kai kashi 25% na arzikin man da aka tabbatar a duniya., ya haifar da haɓakar gine-gine. Iyalan Al Bin Ali karkashin jagorancin Sheikh Muhammad bin Nasir Al Bin Ali da 'yan uwansa sun taka rawar gani wajen ci gaban gari da ma yankin a fagage daban-daban. Kamfaninsu, Al Bin Ali da Brothers, shi ne kamfanin gine-gine na farko na Saudiyya wanda ya shiga aikin fadada Aramco. da dama daga cikin ayyukan da suka yi shi ne hanyoyin da suka hada Dammam zuwa rijiyoyin mai na arewa, babbar hanya 40, wadda ta hada Dammam zuwa Riyadh ; Yanzu ana kiranta kawai hanyar Dammam, da kuma fadada tashar tashar Sarki Abdul Aziz . Hakan ya sa masana da kwararru daga ciki da wajen masarautar suka taru don taimakawa wajen farautar sabbin rijiyoyin mai da kuma kawo su a kai. An kuma gina sabbin bututun mai, da wuraren ajiyar kaya, da jirage masu saukar ungulu don sarrafa tankunan ruwa.

Masana'antun sabis sun tsiro don tallafawa masana'antar da kuma biyan buƙatu da buƙatun daidaikun mutane da ke zaune a cikin sabon yanki na birni. Kamar yadda yake a sauran sassan masarautar, Ma’aikatar Lafiya ta kafa asibitocin zamani da dama da cibiyoyin kula da lafiya a yankin Damam. Ana samun ƙarin asibitoci da asibitocin da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ke gudanarwa.

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