Boydell Shakespeare Gallery
Boydell Shakespeare Gallery a Landan, Ingila, shine matakin farko na bangarori uku da aka fara shi a watan Nuwamba 1786 da mai zane da kuma mai wallafa John Boydell a ƙoƙarin haɓaka makarantar zanen tarihin Biritaniya. Baya ga kafuwar gidan tarihin, Boydell ya shirya samar da wani hoto mai kyau na wasan kwaikwayon William Shakespeare da kuma rubutun kwafi wanda aka tsara bisa jerin zane-zanen da masu zane daban-daban suka yi. A lokacin shekarun 1790 hotunan gidan Landan wanda ya nuna zane-zanen asali sun fito a matsayin mafi shaharar aikin.

Ayyukan William Shakespeare sun more farin cikin sabon shahara a Biritaniya na ƙarni na 18. Yawancin bugu da yawa na ayyukansa an buga su, an sake farfado da wasan kwaikwayon a gidan wasan kwaikwayo kuma an ƙirƙiri ayyukan fasaha da yawa waɗanda ke nuna wasan kwaikwayo da takamaiman abubuwan da aka samar dasu. Amfani da wannan sha'awar, Boydell ya yanke shawarar buga babban zane-zane na wasannin Shakespeare wanda zai nuna baiwar masu zane-zanen Burtaniya da masu zane-zane. Ya zaɓi shahararren masanin kuma editan Shakespeare George Steevens ya kula da bugun, wanda aka fitar tsakanin 1791 da 1803.

'Yan jarida sun ba da rahoto kowane mako a kan ginin gidan tarihin Boydell, wanda George Dance the Younger ya tsara, a wani shafi a Pall Mall. Boydell ya ba da aikin ne daga shahararrun masu zanen zamanin, kamar su Joshua Reynolds, kuma rubutun zane-zane sun tabbatar da mafi girman abin da kamfanin ya bari. Koyaya, jinkirin jinkirin buga ɗab'in da hoton da aka zana ya haifar da suka. Saboda sun yi sauri, kuma ƙananan zane-zane sun yi zane-zane da yawa, an yanke hukuncin samfuran ƙarshe na kamfanin Boydell ya zama abin takaici. Aikin ya sa kamfanin Boydell ya zama ba shi da kuɗi, kuma an tilasta musu su sayar da gidan a gidan caca.

Shakespeare a cikin karni na 18 

A cikin karni na 18, Shakespeare ya kasance yana da alaƙa da haɓakar kishin Biritaniya, kuma Boydell ya shiga cikin irin yanayin da yawancin 'yan kasuwa ke amfani da shi. Shakespeare bai yi kira ga masu fada aji kawai ba wadanda suka yi alfahari da gwaninta ta fasaha, har ma da masu fada aji wadanda suka ga ayyukan Shakespeare hangen nesan al'umma daban-daban. Tsakanin karnin Shakespearean na farkawa mai yiwuwa shine mafi alhakin sake gabatar da jama'ar Birtaniyya ga Shakespeare. Wasannin Shakespeare sun kasance masu mahimmancin farfado da gidan wasan kwaikwayo a wannan lokacin. Duk da rikice-rikicen wasan kwaikwayo, rubuce-rubucen bala'i bai kasance mai riba ba, don haka an rubuta kyawawan masifu. Ayyukan Shakespeare sun cike gibin da ke cikin littafin, kuma sanadin sa ya girma sakamakon haka. A ƙarshen karni na 18, ɗayan ɗayan wasanni shida da aka yi a London shine Shakespeare.

Mai wasan kwaikwayo, darekta, kuma furodusa David Garrick ya kasance babban jigo a farfajiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta Shakespeare. Ya bayar da rahoto game da kyakkyawan aiki, abubuwan da ba a iya gwadawa ba, da hotunan hotuna na Shakespearean da yawa, da kuma fitaccen mai suna Shakespeare Jubilee ya taimaka wajen tallata Shakespeare a matsayin samfurin kasuwa da kuma marubucin wasan kwaikwayo na kasa. Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Drrick Lane na Garrick shine tsakiyar Shakespeare mania wanda ya mamaye ƙasar.

Abubuwan gani na gani suma sun taka rawar gani wajen faɗaɗa shahararren Shakespeare. Musamman, sassan tattaunawar da aka tsara musamman don gidaje sun samar da ɗimbin masu sauraro don fasahar adabi, musamman fasahar Shakespearean. Wannan al'adar ta fara ne da William Hogarth (wanda kwafinsa ya kai dukkan matakan al'umma) kuma ya kai kololuwa a baje kolin Royal Academy, wanda ke nuna zane-zane, zane-zane, da zane-zane. Nunin ya zama muhimmin taron jama'a: dubbai sun yi tururuwa don ganin su, kuma jaridu sun ba da rahoto dalla-dalla kan ayyukan da aka nuna. Sun zama wuri mai kyau da za a gani (kamar Boydell's Shakespeare Gallery, daga baya a cikin karni). Ana cikin haka, sai aka sake ba jama'a damar aikin Shakespeare.

Bugun Shakespeare 

Yunƙurin shaharar Shakespeare ya yi daidai da saurin sauyawar Birtaniyya daga baka zuwa al'adar bugawa. Zuwa ƙarshen karni, asalin shaharar Shakespeare ya canza. Tun asali ana girmama shi a matsayin marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, amma da zarar gidan wasan kwaikwayo ya kasance yana da alaƙa da talakawa, sai matsayin Shakespeare na "babban marubuci" ya canja. Nau'i biyu na al'adun bugawa na Shakespearean sun fito: shahararren bugu na bourgeois da wallafe-wallafe masu mahimmancin ilimi.

Don juya riba, masu sayar da littattafai sun zaɓi sanannun marubuta, irin su Alexander Paparoma da Samuel Johnson, don shirya bugu na Shakespeare. A cewar masanin Shakespeare Gary Taylor, sukan Shakespearean ya zama "yana da alaƙa da wasan kwaikwayo na adabin Ingilishi na ƙarni na 18 ... [cewa] ba za a iya cire shi ba tare da tumɓuke karni da rabi na kundin tsarin mulki na ƙasa". Buga na farko na Shakespeare a ƙarni na 18, wanda kuma shi ne farkon zane-zane na wasan kwaikwayo, an buga shi a cikin 1709 daga Jacob Tonson kuma Nicholas Rowe ya shirya shi. Wasan kwaikwayon ya fito a cikin "littattafai masu dadi da karantu a kananan tsari" wadanda "ya kamata" ... an dauke su ne don amfani na gari ko na lambu, na gida maimakon na laburare ". Shakespeare ya zama "mai gida" a cikin karni na 18, musamman tare da buga kwafin dangi irin na Bell na 1773 da 1785-86, wadanda suka tallata kansu a matsayin "masu karantarwa da fahimta; musamman ga matasa mata da matasa; ana cire lalata da lalata. ".

Littattafan malamai suma sun yadu. Da farko, waɗannan marubutan-marubuta sun shirya su kamar su Paparoma (1725) da Johnson (1765), amma daga baya cikin ƙarni wannan ya canza. Editoci kamar su George Steevens (1773, 1785) da Edmund Malone (1790) sun fitar da fitattun bugu tare da bayanai masu fa'ida. Bugun farko sun yi kira ga masu matsakaita da wadanda ke sha'awar karatun Shakespeare, amma fitowar ta gaba ta yi kira ne kawai ga na karshen. Bugun Boydell, a ƙarshen karni, yayi ƙoƙari ya haɗa waɗannan igiyoyin biyu. Ya ƙunshi zane-zane amma George Steevens ne ya shirya shi, ɗayan manyan mashahuran Shakespeare na wannan lokacin.

Boydell's Shakespeare kamfani 

Aikin Shakespeare na Boydell ya ƙunshi sassa uku: fitaccen ɗab'in wasannin Shakespeare; folio na kwafi daga taswirar (asalin an yi niyyar zama folio na kwafi daga bugun wasan Shakespeare); da kuma dandalin baje kolin jama'a inda ainihin zane zanen da za'a buga.

An kirkiro ra'ayin babban littafin Shakespeare yayin cin abincin dare a gidan Josiah Boydell (ɗan gidan John) a ƙarshen 1786. Muhimman muhimman labarai biyar na bikin sun rayu. Daga waɗannan, an tattara jerin baƙo da sake gina tattaunawar. Jerin baƙon ya nuna adadin abokan hulɗar Boydell a cikin duniyar fasaha: ya haɗa da Benjamin West, mai zane ga Sarki George III; George Romney, wani shahararren mai zanan hoto; George Nicol, mai sayar da littattafai ga sarki; William Hayley, wani mawaki; John Hoole, masani kuma mai fassarar Tasso da Aristotle; da kuma Daniel Braithwaite, sakatare-janar na babban sakatare kuma mai kula da masu fasaha irin su Romney da Angelica Kauffman. Yawancin asusun ma suna sanya ɗan zanen Paul Sandby a wurin taron.

Boydell ya so ya yi amfani da bugun don taimaka wajan motsa wata makarantar Biritaniya ta zane-zane. Ya rubuta a cikin "Gabatarwa" ga folio cewa yana so "don ciyar da wannan fasaha zuwa ga balaga, da kuma kafa Makarantar Turanci na Tarihin Zane Tarihi". Wata takaddar kotu da Josiah ya yi amfani da ita don karɓar bashi daga abokan ciniki bayan mutuwar Boydell ya ba da labarin abincin dare da kuma kwarin gwiwar Boydell:[Boydell ya ce] ya kamata ya so kawar da batancin da duk masu sukar baƙi suka jefa wa wannan al'umma - cewa ba su da wata dabara ta zanen tarihi. Ya ce yana da tabbaci daga nasarorin da ya samu wajen karfafa zane-zane cewa Turawan Ingila ba sa son komai sai karfafawa da dacewa da kuma batun da ya dace da zane-zane na tarihi. Thearfafawa da zai yi ƙoƙari ya samu idan aka nuna batun da ya dace. Mista Nicol ya amsa cewa akwai babban batun Kasa guda daya wanda ba za a sami ra'ayi na biyu ba, kuma ya ambaci Shakespeare. An sami shawarar tare da yabo daga Alderman [John Boydell] da dukan kamfanin.Koyaya, kamar yadda Frederick Burwick yayi jayayya a cikin gabatarwarsa ga tarin makaloli a Boydell Gallery, "[w] mai ƙiyayya ya yi iƙirarin cewa Boydell zai iya yin magana game da ci gaba da sanadin zanen tarihi a Ingila, ainihin ƙarfin haɗakarwa wanda ya haɗu da masu zane don ƙirƙirar Shakespeare Gallery shine alƙawarin wallafa zane da kuma rarraba ayyukansu. "

Bayan nasarar farko ta Shakespeare Gallery, da yawa suna son ɗaukar daraja. Henry Fuseli ya daɗe yana da'awar cewa rufin Shakespeare da ya shirya (a kwaikwayon silin Sistine Chapel) ya ba Boydell ra'ayin zane. James Northcote ya yi ikirarin cewa Mutuwarsa ta Wat Tyler da Kisan Shugabannin a Hasumiyar ne ya sa Boydell ya fara aikin. Koyaya, a cewar Winifred Friedman, wanda ya yi bincike a Boydell Gallery, mai yiwuwa laccar Royal Academy ta Joshua Reynolds kan fifikon zanen tarihi ne ya fi rinjayi Boydell.

Abubuwan dabaru na kasuwancin sun kasance da wahalar tsarawa. Boydell da Nicol sun so su samar da kwatancen zane mai tarin yawa kuma an yi niyyar ɗaura da sayar da manyan kwafi 72 daban a cikin folio. Ana buƙatar gallery don nuna zane-zanen da aka zana hotunan. Bugun ya kasance za a sami kuɗi ta hanyar kamfen biyan kuɗi, yayin da masu siye zasu biya wani ɓangare na farashin gaba da saura a lokacin isarwa. Wannan al'adar baƙon abu ya zama dole saboda gaskiyar cewa fiye da £ 350,000 - kuɗi mai tsoka a lokacin, wanda ya kai kimanin £ 43.3 miliyan a yau - daga ƙarshe aka kashe. An buɗe shagon a cikin 1789 tare da zane 34 kuma an ƙara ƙarin 33 a cikin 1790 lokacin da aka buga zane-zanen farko. Publishedarshe na ƙarshe na bugu da ofaukar Mallaka an buga shi a cikin 1803. A tsakiyar aikin, Boydell ya yanke shawarar cewa zai iya samun ƙarin kuɗi idan ya buga ɗab'i daban-daban a cikin folio fiye da wanda aka zana; sakamakon haka, hotunan hotunan guda biyu ba su da kama.

An bayar da tallace-tallace kuma an sanya su a cikin jaridu. Lokacin da aka rarraba rajista don lambar yabo don bugawa, kwafin ya karanta: "Masu ƙarfafa wannan babban aiki na ƙasa suma za su sami gamsuwa don sanin, cewa za a miƙa sunayensu zuwa Posterity, kamar yadda Patrons of Native Genius, suka yi rajista da hannayensu, a cikin littafi guda, tare da mafi kyawun Sarakuna. " Harshen tallan da lambar yabon sun jaddada rawar da kowane mai biyan kuɗi yake takawa a cikin ayyukan fasaha. Masu biyan kuɗin sun kasance farkon masu matsakaitan mazauna London ne, ba masu girman kai ba. Edmund Malone, shi kansa edita ne na wani kishiyar bugun Shakespeare, ya rubuta cewa "kafin shirin ya kasance da kyau, ko kuma an gabatar da shawarwarin gaba daya, kusan mutane dari shida sun yi sha'awar rubuta sunayensu, kuma sun biya rajistar su ga jerin littattafai da kwafi wanda zai batawa kowane mutum rai, ina tsammanin, kimanin guineas casa'in; kuma idan muka duba jerin, babu sama da sunaye ashirin a cikinsu da kowa ya sani ".

Shafin hoto na Shakespeare da folio 

"Kyakkyawan kuma daidai" bugun Shakespeare wanda Boydell ya fara a cikin 1786 shine ya zama abin da ya shafi kasuwancinsa-ya kalli bugun bugawa da kuma zane-zanen a matsayin wasu manyan ayyukan. A cikin wata talla da aka shirya a farkon juzu'in, Nicol ya rubuta cewa "ɗaukaka da ɗaukaka, haɗe da daidaitaccen rubutu sune manyan abubuwa na wannan Editionab'in". Littattafan da kansu sun kasance kyawawa, tare da shafuka masu walƙiya wanda, sabanin waɗanda ke cikin ɗab'un ilimi na baya, ba a da alamun tawaye. Kowane wasa yana da nasa taken shafi wanda yake biye da jerin "Mutanen da ke Cikin Wasannin". Boydell bai kashe kuɗi ba. Ya ɗauki hayar masana ƙirar rubutu William Bulmer da William Martin don haɓaka da yanke sabon nau'in rubutu musamman don bugun. Nicol yayi bayani a cikin gabatarwar cewa "sun kafa gidan buga takardu ... [da] wata ma'adanai don jefa ire-irensu; har ma da masana'anta don yin tawada". Boydell kuma ya zaɓi amfani da sakakkiyar takarda mai laushi ta Whatman. An buga zane-zane da kansa kuma ana iya sakawa da cire su kamar yadda mai siye yake so. An buga kundin farko na Ayyukan Dramatic a cikin 1791 kuma na ƙarshe a cikin 1805.

Boydell ne ke da alhakin "ɗaukaka", kuma George Steevens, babban edita, ke da alhakin "daidaito na rubutu". Steevens, a cewar Evelyn Wenner, wanda ya yi nazarin tarihin bugun Boydell, "da farko ya kasance mai ƙwazo sosai game da shirin" amma "ba da daɗewa ba ya fahimci cewa editan wannan rubutun dole ne a cikin ainihin makircin abubuwa ya ba wa masu zane, masu bugawa da masu zane-zane ". Hakanan daga ƙarshe ya sami takaici game da ingancin bugawa, amma bai ce komai ba don ya kawo cikas ga tallan bugu. Steevens, wanda ya riga ya gyara cikakkun littattafan Shakespeare guda biyu, ba a nemi ya sake rubutun ba sabuwa; a maimakon haka, ya zaɓi wane nau'in rubutun don sake bugawa. Wenner ya bayyana sakamakon samfurin matasan:

A cikin bugun, fassarar zamani (watau ƙarni na 18) an fifita ta kamar yadda karatun Foliyo na Farko yake.

Boydell ya nemi mashahuran masu zane da zane-zane na wannan rana don ba da gudummawar zane-zane ga ɗakin zane, zane-zanen folio, da zane-zane don bugun. Masu zane-zanen sun hada da Richard Westall, Thomas Stothard, George Romney, Henry Fuseli, Benjamin West, Angelica Kauffman, Robert Smirke, James Durno, John Opie, Francesco Bartolozzi, Thomas Kirk, Henry Thomson, da dan uwan ​​Boydell kuma abokin harkarsa, Josiah Boydell.

Maganar da Shakespeare ya buga ya kasance "har zuwa yanzu mafi girman masana'antar zane-zanen da aka taɓa yin su a Ingila". Kamar yadda mai tara takardu da dillali Christopher Lennox-Boyd ya bayyana, "da ba a sami kasuwa ga irin wadannan zane-zanen ba, da ba da daya daga cikin zane-zanen da aka ba da izini, kuma kadan ne, idan akwai, daga cikin masu zane-zanen za su yi kasadar zana wadannan zane-zanen." Masana sunyi imanin cewa an yi amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban na zane-zane kuma zanen zanen shine "matsakaicin matsakaici" saboda "bayyananniya ce kuma mai wahala" kuma saboda tana da babban suna. Siffar zane, wacce take da sauri kuma galibi ana amfani da ita don haifar da tasirin inuwa, ta yi saurin lalacewa kuma ba ta da daraja sosai. Yawancin faranti sun kasance cakuda duka biyun. Masana da yawa sun ba da shawarar cewa an yi amfani da mezzotint da aquatint. Lennox-Boyd, duk da haka, ya yi iƙirarin cewa "bincika faranti sosai ya tabbatar" cewa ba a yi amfani da waɗannan hanyoyin biyu ba kuma yana jayayya cewa ba su dace ba ": mezzotint ya sa da sauri kuma akwatin ruwa ya kasance sabo ne (da ba a sami wadatattun masu fasaha ba. aiwatar da shi). Yawancin masu zane-zanen Boydell suma an horar dasu ne ta hanyar zane-zane; Misali, Bartolozzi ya shahara ne da fasahar kere kere.

Abokancin Boydell tare da masu zane-zanensa gabaɗaya na yau da kullun ne. Daya daga cikin su, James Northcote, ya yaba da kudaden da Boydell ya bayar. Ya rubuta a cikin wasika ta 1821 cewa Boydell "ya yi aiki sosai don ci gaban zane-zane a Ingila fiye da dukkanin manyan masu fada a ji! Ya biya ni mafi kyau fiye da kowane mutum da ya yi; ". Boydell yawanci yana biyan masu zanan tsakanin £ 105 zuwa 0 210, kuma masu zane tsakanin £ 262 da £ 315. Joshua Reynolds da farko ya ƙi tayin Boydell na aiki a kan aikin, amma ya yarda lokacin da aka matsa shi. Boydell ya ba wa Reynolds carte blanche don zanensa, ya ba shi biyan kuɗi £ 500, adadi mai ban mamaki ga mai zane wanda bai ma yarda ya yi takamaiman aiki ba. Boydell ya biya shi jimlar £ 1,500.

Akwai zane-zane 96 a cikin juzu'i tara na hoton da aka buga kuma kowane wasa yana da akalla guda daya. Kimanin kashi biyu cikin uku na wasan kwaikwayo, 23 daga 36, ​​kowane mai zane ɗaya ne ke zane kowane. Kimanin kashi biyu cikin uku na jimlar zane-zane, ko 65, masu fasaha uku ne suka kammala su: William Hamilton, Richard Westall, da Robert Smirke. Masu shahararrun zane-zanen bugu an san su da masu zane-zanen littafi, yayin da yawancin mawaƙa da aka haɗa a cikin folio an san su ne da zane-zane. Lennox-Boyd ta bayar da hujjar cewa zane-zanen da ke cikin bugu suna da "daidaito da daidaituwa" wanda folio ta rasa saboda masu zane da zane-zane da ke aiki a kansu sun fahimci zane-zanen littafi yayin da waɗanda ke aiki a kan folio ke aiki a wata hanyar da ba a sani ba.

Bugun folio, ofaukunan Bugawa, Daga Hotunan da Aka Zana don Dalilin Bayyanar da Ayyuka na Shakspeare, na Greatan wasan Burtaniya (1805), da farko an yi niyyar su zama tarin zane-zanen daga bugun, amma a 'yan shekaru cikin aikin, Boydell ya canza shirinsa. Ya yi tsammani cewa zai iya siyar da ƙarin folios da bugu idan hotunan sun bambanta. Daga kwafi 97 da aka zana daga zane-zane, kashi biyu bisa uku daga cikinsu masu zane-zane goma ne suka yi su. Masu zane-zane uku suna lissafin kashi ɗaya bisa uku na zanen. A cikin duka, masu fasaha 31 sun ba da gudummawar ayyuka.

Ginin gallery 

A watan Yunin 1788, Boydell da dan dan uwansa sun kulla yarjejeniyar a wani wuri a 52 Pall Mall (51 ° 30′20.5 ″ N 0 ° 8′12 ″ W) don gina gidan baje kolin kuma suka shiga cikin George Dance, sannan magatakarda na Ayyukan City , a matsayin mai tsara aikin. Pall Mall a wancan lokacin yana da haɗin gidaje masu tsada da ayyukan kasuwanci, kamar ɗakunan karatu da kulake na maza, sanannen sanannen jama'ar London. Har ila yau yankin ya ƙunshi wasu ƙananan kamfanoni masu daraja: Wurin Sarki (yanzu Pall Mall Place), hanyan da ke gudana zuwa gabas da bayan gidan tarihin Boydell, shi ne rukunin gidan karuwai na Charlotte Hayes. A gefen Sarki, nan da nan zuwa gabashin ginin Boydell, 51 Pall Mall an siya a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu 1787 ta George Nicol, mai sayar da littattafai kuma mijinta na gaba ga 'yar'uwar Josiah, Mary Boydell. A matsayin alama ta canjin yanayin yankin, wannan kadarar ta kasance gidan gidan kulab din mutumin kirki na Goostree daga 1773 zuwa 1787. An fara ne a matsayin cibiyar caca ga samari masu hannu da shuni, daga baya ta zama kungiyar siyasa mai neman kawo sauyi wacce ta kirga William Pitt da William Wilberforce a matsayin membobi.

Gine-ginen Shakespeare na Gidan Rawa yana da babban dutse a gaban dutse, da kuma babban zauren baje koli a falon ƙasa. Roomsakunan baje koli masu haɗa juna guda uku sun mamaye saman bene, tare da jimillar sama da murabba'in ƙafa 4,000 (370 m2) na bangon fili don nuna hotuna. Façade mai hawa biyu bai kasance babba ga titin ba, amma ƙaƙƙarfan tsarin gargajiya yana da tasiri. Wasu rahotanni suna bayyana waje da cewa "an cinye shi da tagulla".

Storeofar bene ta façade ta mamaye babbar ƙofar da take zagaye a tsakiya. Bakin da ba za a iya kwance shi ba ya doru a kan maruru masu fadi, kowannensu ya karye ta wata karamar taga, a sama wacce ke gudanar da wani kwali mai sauki. Rawa ta sanya transom a ƙofar ƙofar a matakin masarar da ke ɗauke da rubutun "Shakespeare Gallery". Asan ƙofar akwai manyan ƙofofin shiga, tare da bangarori masu haske da fitilun gefe waɗanda suka dace da tagogin gilashi. Haske mai haske ya cika abincin dare saman fasalin. A cikin kowane spandrels zuwa hagu da dama na baka, Rawa saita wani sassaka na lyre a cikin ribboned fure. Sama da duka wannan hanyar hanya ce wacce ta raba ƙananan bene daga babba.

Façade na sama yana ƙunshe da pilasters haɗe a kowane ɓangare, da kuma kafa mai kauri da kuma takaddama mai kusurwa uku. Mai zanen sirrin Sir John Soane ya soki haɗakar Rawa da siririyar pilasters da kuma mai rikon sakainar kashi a matsayin "abin ban mamaki da almubazzaranci". Manyan biranen pilasters suna wasa da ƙarfi a cikin sifar burbushin ammonite. Rawa ta ƙirƙira wannan fasalin neo-na gargajiya, wanda ya zama sananne da Amon ɗin Order, musamman don hotunan. A cikin hutu tsakanin pilasters, Rawa ta sanya hoton Shakespeare na Thomas Banks wanda ya samu halartar Painting da Shayari, wanda aka biya ɗan wasan fan guineas 500. Siffar ta nuna Shakespeare, yana kwance a kan dutse, tsakanin Dramatic Muse da kuma Genius of Painting. A ƙasansa akwai matattarar lafazin da aka rubuta tare da ambato daga Hamlet: "Mutum ne, ɗauki shi gaba ɗaya, ba zan sake yin kama da irinsa ba".

Amsawa 

Shalejin Shakespeare, lokacin da aka buɗe shi a ranar 4 ga Mayu 1789, ya ƙunshi zane-zane 34, kuma a ƙarshen aikinsa yana da tsakanin 167 da 170. (Ba a san ainihin abin da aka lissafa ba kuma yawancin zane-zanen sun ɓace; kusan zane 40 ne kawai za a iya wanda aka gano da tabbas.) A cewar Frederick Burwick, yayin aikinta na shekaru goma sha shida, Gidan Tarihi ya nuna miƙa mulki daga Neoclassicism zuwa Romanticism. Ayyuka da masu zane-zane irin su James Northcote ke wakilta na masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, abubuwan neoclassical na ɗakin hotunan, yayin da na Henry Fuseli ke wakiltar sabuwar ƙungiyar Romantic mai tasowa. William Hazlitt ya yaba wa Northcote a cikin wata makala mai taken "A kan Tsohuwar Zamani na 'Yan Kwana", inda ya rubuta "Na yi tunanin duk wani mutum zai fi zama da Mista Fuseli da farko, amma zan so in ziyarci Mista Northcote sau da yawa."

Gidan hotunan kansa ya kasance mai kayatarwa tare da jama'a. Jaridu sun dauki ɗaukakawar ginin wajan hotunan, har zuwa zane don façade da aka gabatar. Mai Talla na Daily ya fito da shafi na mako-mako a kan hotunan daga Mayu zuwa Agusta (lokacin baje koli). Masu zane-zane waɗanda ke da tasiri tare da 'yan jaridu, da Boydell da kansa, sun wallafa labaran da ba a sani ba don haɓaka sha'awar ɗakin, wanda suke fatan zai haɓaka tallace-tallace na bugu.

A farkon kasuwancin, halayen sun kasance tabbatattu tabbatattu. Mai Tallace-tallacen Jama'a ya rubuta a ranar 6 ga Mayu 1789: "Hotunan gabaɗaya sun ba madubi na mawaƙi ... [Shakespeare Gallery] yana ba da fata don samar da irin wannan tarihin a cikin Tarihin Fine Arts, kamar yadda zai tabbatar kuma ya tabbatar da fifiko. na makarantar Turanci ". Times ya rubuta wata rana daga baya:

Fuseli da kansa na iya rubuta wannan bita a cikin Nazarin Nazari, wanda ya yaba da shirin gaba ɗaya na gidan wajan yayin kuma a lokaci guda yana shakkar: "Irin waɗannan batutuwa daban-daban, ana iya tsammani, dole ne su nuna iko iri-iri; duk ba za su iya zama na farko; yayin da wasu dole ne su yi sama, wasu kuma dole ne su rake filin ciyawar, wasu kuma su gamsu da tafiya cikin mutunci ". Koyaya, a cewar Frederick Burwick, masu sukar a cikin Jamus "sun mai da martani ga Shalelen Shagon tare da kulawa sosai da sosai fiye da yadda masu sukar ke yi a Ingila".

Zargi ya karu yayin da aikin ke ci gaba: girman farko bai bayyana ba sai a shekarar 1791.  James Gillray ya wallafa zane mai ban dariya "Boydell yana sadaukar da Ayyukan Shakespeare ga Shaidan na Jaka-Jaka".  Marubucin kuma ba da daɗewa ba zai kasance marubucin marubucin littafin yara na Tatsuniyoyi daga Shakespeare (1807) Charles Lamb ya soki lamarin tun daga farko:

Northcote, yayin da yake yaba wa aikin Boydell, ya kuma soki sakamakon aikin: "Ban da wasu hotuna kaɗan daga Joshua [Reynolds] da [John] Opie, kuma - ina fata zan iya ƙarawa-da kaina, irin wannan tarin zamewa-slop imbecility kamar yadda yake da ban tsoro don kallo, kuma ya juya, kamar yadda na yi tsammani hakan zai kasance, cikin lalata lamuran talakawan Boydell "

Rushewa 

A shekara ta 1796, rajistar bugawar ta ragu da kashi biyu bisa uku. Mai zane da mai zane Joseph Farington ya rubuta cewa wannan sakamakon sakamakon zane-zane mara kyau:

An soki haɗin salon zanen zane; Layin zane-zane an dauke shi mafi kyawun tsari kuma masu fasaha da masu biyan kuɗi ba sa son cakuda ƙananan siffofin da shi. Bugu da ƙari, masu zanen Boydell sun faɗi ƙasa da jadawalin, suna jinkirta aikin duka. An tilasta shi ya shiga cikin ƙananan masu fasaha, kamar su Hamilton da Smirke, a rahusa don kammala littattafan saboda kasuwancinsa ya fara gazawa. Masana tarihin zane-zane na zamani gabaɗaya sun yarda cewa ingancin zane-zane, musamman a cikin folio, mara kyau ne. Bugu da ƙari, yin amfani da masu fasaha daban-daban da masu zane-zane ya haifar da rashin haɗin kai.

Kodayake Boydells ya ƙare tare da rajista na 1,384, ƙimar rajistar ta ragu, kuma sauran rajistar suma suna ƙara cikin shakka. Kamar yawancin kasuwanni a lokacin, kamfanin Boydell ya riƙe recordsan bayanai. Abokan ciniki kawai sun san abin da suka saya. Wannan ya haifar da matsaloli da yawa tare da masu bin bashi waɗanda suka yi iƙirarin cewa ba su taɓa yin rajista ba ko sun yi rijista don ƙasa da ƙasa. Yawancin masu biyan kuɗi sun kasa aiki, kuma Josiah Boydell ya share shekaru bayan mutuwar John yana ƙoƙarin tilasta musu su biya.

The Boydells sun mai da hankalinsu gaba daya kan bugun Shakespeare da sauran manyan ayyuka, kamar Tarihin Kogin Thames da Kammalallen Ayyukan John Milton, maimakon a kan ƙananan kasuwanci masu fa'ida. Lokacin da kamfanin Shakespeare da littafin Thames suka gaza, kamfanin bai da jari da zai faɗi. Farawa daga 1789, tare da farkon juyin juya halin Faransa, kasuwancin kasuwancin fitarwa na John Boydell zuwa Turai ya yanke. A ƙarshen 1790s da farkon karni na 19, kashi biyu cikin uku na kasuwancinsa waɗanda suka dogara da kasuwancin fitarwa suna cikin mawuyacin halin kuɗi.

A cikin 1804, John Boydell ya yanke shawarar ɗaukaka ƙara zuwa Majalisar don neman doka na sirri don ba da izinin caca don zubar da komai a cikin kasuwancinsa. Kudirin ya sami amincewar masarauta a ranar 23 ga Maris, kuma zuwa Nuwamba Boydells sun kasance a shirye don siyar da tikiti. John Boydell ya mutu kafin a fara cacar a ranar 28 ga Janairun 1805, amma ya rayu tsawon lokaci don ganin kowane tikiti 22,000 da aka saya a guineas guda ɗaya (£ 280 kowanne a cikin tsarin zamani). Don karfafa tallan tikiti da rage ƙididdigar da ba a sayar ba, an tabbatar wa kowane mai siye da karɓar bugawa mai darajar kwalliya ɗaya daga hannun kamfanin Boydell. Akwai tikiti masu cin nasara na 64 don manyan kyaututtuka, mafi girma shine Gidan Hoto kanta da tarin zanen ta. Wannan ya je wurin William Tassie, mai zane-zane da zane-zane, na filayen Leicester (yanzu filin Leicester). Josiah ya ba da siyen gidan da kuma zane-zanen da aka dawo da shi daga Tassie a kan £ 10,000 (kimanin worth 820,000 a yanzu), amma Tassie ya ƙi kuma ya yi gwanjon zanen a Christie. Tarin zanen da kayan taimako guda biyu da Anne Damer ta samu sun kai £ 6,181 18s. 6da. Initiallyungiyoyin banki na banki daga façade da farko an yi niyya don kiyaye su a matsayin abin tunawa ga kabarin Boydell. Madadin haka, ya kasance wani ɓangare na façade na ginin a cikin sabon salonsa a matsayin Instungiyar Biritaniya har sai da ginin ya rushe a 1868-69. Daga nan aka sassaka sassaka Banks zuwa Stratford-on-Avon kuma aka sake gina shi a cikin New Place Garden tsakanin watan Yuni zuwa Nuwamba 1870. Gasar caca ta ceci Josiah daga fatarar kuɗi kuma ta sami £ 45,000, ta ba shi damar sake fara kasuwanci a matsayin mai buga takardu.

Cigaba 

Tun daga farko, aikin Boydell ya karfafa gwiwar masu kwaikwayo. A cikin watan Afrilu na shekarar 1788, bayan da aka fitar da sanarwar Shalejin Shale, amma shekara daya kafin bude shi, Thomas Macklin ya bude wani Kundin Tarihi na Mawaka a tsohon ginin Royal Academy da ke kudu da Pall Mall. Nunin farko ya nuna aiki ɗaya daga kowane ɗayan masu fasaha 19, gami da Fuseli, Reynolds, da Thomas Gainsborough. Gidan yanar gizon ya kara sabbin zane-zane na batutuwa daga shayari kowace shekara, kuma daga 1790 an ƙara waɗannan abubuwa tare da shimfidar wurare daga Baibul. Gidan Tarihi na Mawaka ya rufe a cikin 1797, kuma an ba da abubuwan da ke ciki ta hanyar caca. Wannan bai hana Henry Fuseli ya bude Gidan Milton ba a wannan ginin a shekarar 1799. Wani irin wannan kamfani shine Tarihin Tarihi wanda Robert Bowyer ya bude a Schomberg House a 87 Pall Mall a kusan shekara ta 1793. Gidan hoton ya tara zane 60 (da yawa iri ɗaya ne) masu zane-zane waɗanda suka yi aiki ga Boydell) an ba da izini don kwatanta sabon fitowar littafin David Hume na Tarihin Burtaniya. Daga qarshe, Bowyer ya nemi yardar majalisar don siyarwa ta hanyar caca a cikin 1805, kuma sauran kamfanoni, kamar na Boydell, suma sun ƙare da gazawar kuɗi.

An sayi ginin a Pall Mall a cikin 1805 daga Britishungiyar Burtaniya, wani kamfani mai zaman kansa na masu ba da labari ya kafa wannan shekarar don gudanar da nune-nunen. Ya kasance wani muhimmin bangare na zane-zanen Landan har sai da ya watse a 1867, yawanci yana gudanar da baje kolin sabbin ayyuka don sayarwa daga farkon watan Fabrairu zuwa makon farko na Mayu, da kuma baje kolin tsoffin mashahurai, galibi ba na sayarwa ba, daga makon farko na Yuni zuwa ƙarshen Agusta.

Zane-zanen da zane-zanen da suka kasance a cikin Boydell Gallery sun shafi yadda aka tsara wasannin Shakespeare, aiki, da zane a cikin karni na 19. Hakanan sun zama batun zargi a cikin mahimman ayyuka kamar su Mawallafin Romantic kuma marubuci Samuel Taylor Coleridge's "Lectures on Shakespeare" da William Hazlitt na suka mai ban mamaki. Duk da sukar da Charles Lamb ya yi game da abubuwan da aka kera a Gidan Rediyon, an nuna littafin Charles da Mary Lamb na yara, tales daga Shakespeare (1807) ta amfani da faranti daga aikin.

Abubuwan da Boydell ya mallaka shine mafi kyawun abin gado. An sake sake shi a cikin karni na 19, kuma a cikin 1867, "ta hanyar daukar hoto dukkan jerin, ban da hotunan Majesties George III. Da Sarauniya Charlotte, yanzu an gabatar da su a cikin wani tsari mai kyau, wanda ya dace da dakunan karatu na yau da kullun ko zane. - teburin daki, kuma an gabatar dashi azaman tunawa mai dacewa na bikin cikar shekaru mawaka ". Masana sun bayyana Boydell's folio a matsayin share fage ga littafin teburin kofi na zamani.

Jerin ayyukan fasaha 
Jerin Folio da Illustrated Edition an ɗauke su daga Friedman's Boydell's Shakespeare Gallery.

Zane-zane 

 Shakespeare ya sami halartar zane-zane da Shayari daga Thomas Banks (kan facade na ginin gallery)
 Wurin da yake yanzu: Sabon Wuraren Lambuna, Stratford-upon-Avon
 Coriolanus na Anne Seymour Damer (bas taimako)
 Antony da Cleopatra na Anne Seymour Damer (bas taimako)

Zane-zane 
Jerin Zane-zanen an samo su ne daga lamba mai lamba Baje kolin Shakspeare gallery, Pall-Mall: kasancewar shine karo na karshe da hotunan zasu iya zama duka tarin (London: W. Bulmer & Co., 1805), The Boydell Shakespeare Galter da Walter Pape da Frederick Burwick suka shirya (ottasa: Peter Pomp, 1996), da "Abin da Jane Ta Gana".

Rubutun folio 
Volume Na

 Taken shafi: Coriolanus na William Satchwell Leney bayan Anne Seymour Damer
 Gaban gaba: Hoton George III na Benjamin Smith bayan William Beechey
 Shakespeare ya samu halartar zane-zane da Shayari daga Benjamin Smith bayan Thomas Banks
 Jariri Shakespeare na Benjamin Smith bayan George Romney
 Tempest, Act I, scene 1 na Benjamin Smith bayan George Romney
 Tempest, Dokar I, yanayi na 2 na Jean-Pierre Simon bayan Henry Fuseli
 Tempest, Dokar IV, yanayin 1 na Robert Thew bayan Joseph Wright na Derby
 Tempest, Dokar V, yanayin 1 na Caroline Watson bayan Francis Wheatley
 Biyun Biyun na Verona, Dokar V, fage na 3 na Luigi Schiavonetti bayan Angelica Kauffman
 Matan Merry na Windsor, Dokar I, yanayi na 1 na Jean-Pierre Simon bayan Robert Smirke
 Matan Merry na Windsor, Dokar II, yanayin 1 na Robert Thew bayan William Peters
 Matan Merry na Windsor, Dokar III, yanayi na 3 na Jean-Pierre Simon bayan Matta Peters
 Matan Merry na Windsor, Dokar IV, yanayin 2 na Thomas Ryder bayan James Durno 
 Matan Merry na Windsor, Dokar V, yanayin 5 na Isaac Taylor, Jr. bayan Robert Smirke
 Ma'auni don auna, Aikata I, yanayi na 1 na Thomas Ryder bayan Robert Smirke
 Ma'auni don auna, Dokar V, yanayi na 1 na Jean-Pierre Simon bayan Thomas Kirk
 Majalissar kurakurai, Dokar V, yanayi na 1 na Charles Gauthier Playter bayan John Francis Rigaud
 Yawancin Ado Game da Komai, Dokar III, yanayi na 1 na Jean-Pierre Simon bayan Matta Peters
 Yawa game da Komai, Dokar IV, yanayi na 1 na Jean-Pierre Simon bayan William Hamilton
 Yawancin Ado Game da Komai, Dokar IV, yanayi na 2 na John Ogborne bayan Robert Smirke
 'Saunar Laborauna ta ,auna, Dokar IV, yanayi na 1 na Thomas Ryder bayan William Hamilton
 Mafarkin-Daren Mafarki, Dokar II, yanayin 1 na Jean-Pierre Simon bayan Henry Fuseli
 Mafarkin Tsakanin-Dare, Dokar IV, yanayin 1 na Jean-Pierre Simon, bayan Henry Fuseli
 Mai ciniki na Venice, Dokar II, zane na 5 na Jean-Pierre Simon bayan Robert Smirke
 Mai ciniki na Venice, Dokar V, zane na 1 da John Browne ya yi bayan William Hodges
 Kamar yadda kuke so, Dokar I, yanayi na 2 na William Satchwell Leney bayan John Downman
 Kamar yadda kuke so, Dokar II, yanayi na 1 na Samuel Middiman bayan William Hodges
 Kamar yadda kuke so, Dokar IV, yanayi na 3 na William Charles Wilson bayan Raphael Lamar West
 Kamar yadda kuke so, Dokar V, yanayi na 4 na Jean-Pierre Simon bayan William Hamilton
 Taming na Shrew, Gabatarwa, yanayin 2 na Robert Thew bayan Robert Smirke
 Taming of the Shrew, Act III, scene 2 na Jean-Pierre Simon bayan Francis Wheatley
 Dukkanin Wannan Yana Wellarshe Da kyau, Dokar V, yanayi na 3 na Georg Siegmund da Johann Gottlieb Facius bayan Francis Wheatley
 Dare Na Sha Biyu, Dokar III, yanayi na 4 na Thomas Ryder bayan Johann Heinrich Ramberg
 Dare Na Sha Biyu, Dokar V, yanayi na 1 na Francesco Bartolozzi bayan William Hamilton
 Labarin Hunturu, Dokar II, yanayi na 3 na Jean-Pierre Simon bayan John Opie
 Labarin Hunturu, Dokar III, yanayi na 3 na Samuel Middiman bayan Joseph Wright na Derby
 Labarin Hunturu, Dokar IV, yanayi na 3 na James Fittler bayan Francis Wheatley
 Labarin Hunturu, Dokar V, yanayi na 3 na Robert Thew bayan William Hamilton
 Macbeth, Dokar I, yanayi na 3 na James Caldwell bayan Henry Fuseli
 Macbeth, Dokar I, yanayi na 5 na James Parker bayan Richard Westall
 Macbeth, Dokar IV, yanayin 1 na Robert Thew bayan Joshua Reynolds
 Kamar yadda kuke so shi, Shekaru bakwai, Dokar II, yanayin 7 na Petro William Tomkins bayan Robert Smirke
 Kamar yadda kuke so shi, Shekaru bakwai, Shekaru na biyu, Dokar II, yanayin 7 na John Ogborne bayan Robert Smirke
 Kamar yadda kuke so shi, Shekaru bakwai, Shekaru na Uku, Dokar II, yanayin 7 na Robert Thew bayan Robert Smirke
 Kamar yadda kuke so shi, Shekaru bakwai, Shekaru na Hudu, Dokar II, yanayin 7 na John Ogborne bayan Robert Smirke
 Kamar yadda kuke so shi, Shekaru bakwai, Shekaru na Biyar, Dokar II, yanayin 7 na Jean-Pierre Simon bayan Robert Smirke
 Kamar yadda kuke so shi, Shekaru bakwai, Shekaru na shida, Dokar II, yanayin 7 na William Satchwell Leney bayan Robert Smirke
 Kamar yadda kuke so shi, Shekaru bakwai, Shekaru na Bakwai, Dokar II, yanayin 7 na Jean-Pierre Simon bayan Robert SmirkeVolume II

 Antony da Cleopatra Terracotta bas taimakon shafi mai taken Thomas Hellyer bayan Anne S. Damer
 Hoton Sarauniya Charlotte ta Thomas Ryder da Thomas Ryder, Jr. bayan William Beechey
 Sarki John, Dokar IV, yanayi na 1 na Robert Thew bayan James Northcote
 King Richard II, Act IV, scene 1 by Benjamin Smith bayan Mather Browne
 King Richard II, Act V, scene 2 na Robert Thew bayan James Northcote
 Henry IV, sashi na 1, Dokar II, yanayin 2 na Samuel Middiman Robert Smirke da Joseph Farington
 Henry na IV, sashi na 1, Dokar II, yanayin 4 na Robert Thew bayan Robert Smirke
 Henry na IV, kashi na 1, Dokar III, yanayi na 1 na Jean-Pierre Simon bayan Richard Westall
 Henry IV, sashi na 1, Dokar V, yanayin 4 ta Thomas Ryder bayan John Francis Rigaud
 Henry na IV, sashi na 2, Dokar II, yanayin 4 na William Satchwell Leney bayan Henry Fuseli
 Henry IV, sashi na 2, Dokar III, yanayin 2 na Thomas Ryder bayan James Durno
 Henry na hudu, sashi na 2, Dokar IV, yanayin 4 na Robert Thew bayan Josiah Boydell - Yarima Henry Dauke da Sarauta
 Henry na hudu, sashi na 2, Dokar ta IV, yanayin 4 na Robert Thew bayan Josiah Boydell - Apology na Prince Henry
 Henry V, Dokar II, yanayin 2 na Robert Thew bayan Henry Fuseli
 Henry VI, kashi na 1, Dokar II, yanayi na 3 na Robert Thew bayan John Opie
 Henry VI, kashi na 1, Dokar II, fage na 4 na John Ogborne bayan Josiah Boydell
 Henry VI, kashi na 1, Dokar II, yanayi na 5 na Robert Thew bayan James Northcote
 Henry VI, part 2, Act I, scene 4 na Charles Gauthier Playter da Robert Thew bayan John Opie
 Henry VI, part 2, Act III, scene 3 na Caroline Watson bayan Joshua Reynolds
 Henry VI, part 3, Act I, scene 3 na Charles Gauthier Playter da Thomas Ryder bayan James Northcote
 Henry VI, kashi na 3, Dokar II, wasan kwaikwayo na 5 na John Ogborne bayan Josiah Boydell
 Henry VI, kashi na 3, Dokar IV, yanayi na 5 na Jean Baptiste Michel da William Satchwell Leney bayan William Miller
 Henry VI, kashi na 3, Dokar V, yanayi na 7 na Jean Baptiste Michel bayan James Northcote
 Richard III, Dokar III, yanayin 1 na Robert Thew bayan James Northcote
 Richard III, Dokar IV, yanayi na 3 na Francis Legat bayan James Northcote - Matasan Yariman da aka Kashe a Hasumiyar
 Richard III, Dokar IV, yanayi na 3 na William Skelton bayan James Northcote - Binnewar Royal Royal
 Henry VIII, Act I, scene 4 na Isaac Taylor bayan Thomas Stothard
 Henry VIII, Act III, scene 1 na Robert Thew bayan Matiyu Peters
 Henry VIII, Dokar IV, yanayin 2 na Robert Thew bayan Richard Westall
 Henry VIII, Dokar V, yanayin 4 na Joseph Collyer bayan Matta Peters
 Coriolanus, Dokar V, yanayi na 3 na James Caldwell bayan Gavin Hamilton
 Julius Cæsar, Dokar IV, yanayi na 3 na Edward Scriven bayan Richard Westall
 Antony da Cleopatra, Dokar III, yanayi na 9 da Georg Siegmund da Johann Gottlieb Facius bayan Henry Tresham
 Timon na Athens, Dokar IV, yanayi na 3 na Robert Thew bayan John Opie
 Titus Andronicus, Dokar IV, zane na 1 wanda Thomas Kirk ya zana
 Troilus da Cressida, Dokar II, fage na 2 na Francis Legat bayan George Romney
 Troilus da Cressida, Dokar V, yanayin 2 ta Luigi Schiavonetti bayan Angelica Kauffman
 Cymbeline, Dokar I, yanayi na 2 na Thomas Burke bayan William Hamilton
 Cymbeline, Dokar III, yanayin 4 na Robert Thew bayan John Hoppner
 King Lear, Act I, scene 1 na Richard Earlom bayan Henry Fuseli
 Sarki Lear a cikin Guguwar daga Sarki Lear, Dokar III, yanayin 4 na William Sharp bayan Benjamin West
 King Lear, Dokar V, yanayi na 3 na Francis Legat bayan James Barry
 Romeo da Juliet, Dokar I, yanayi na 5 na Georg Siegmund da Johann Gottlieb Facius bayan William Miller
 Romeo da Juliet, Dokar IV, yanayi na 5 na Georg Siegmund da Johann Gottlieb Facius bayan John Opie
 Romeo da Juliet, Dokar V, yanayi na 3 na Jean-Pierre Simon bayan James Northcote
 Hamlet, Dokar I, yanayin 4 na Robert Thew bayan Henry Fuseli
 Hamlet, Dokar IV, zane na 5 ta Francis Legat bayan Benjamin West
 Othello, Dokar II, yanayin 1 na Thomas Ryder bayan Thomas Stothard
 Bedchamber, Desdemona a cikin Barci Barci daga Othello, Dokar V, yanayi na 2, na William Satchwell Leney bayan John Graham
 Cymbeline. Dokar III, yanayin 6 by Thomas Gaugain bayan Richard Westall
 Shakespeare Ya Shayar da Bala'i da Comedy ta Benjamin Smith bayan George Romney
 Desdemona a cikin Barci Barci daga Othello, Dokar V, yanayi na 2, na William Satchwell Leney bayan Josiah Boydell

Buga mai zane 
Volume Na</br> Guguwar

 Dokar I, scene na 2 na James Parker bayan William Hamilton
 Dokar II, wasan 2 na William Charles Wilson bayan Robert Smirke
 Ferdinand da Miranda (Dokar III, yanayi na 1) na Anker Smith bayan William Hamilton

</br> Biyun Biyun Verona

 Dokar V, yanayi na 3 na John Ogborne bayan Thomas Stothard

</br> Matan Merry na Windsor

 Mrs. Shafi tare da Harafi (Dokar II, yanayin 1) na Joseph Saunders bayan Matiyu Peters
 Dokar I, fage na 1 na Musa Haughton bayan Robert Smirke
 Dokar I, scene na 4 ta Anker Smith bayan Robert Smirke
 Dokar IV, zane na 1 da Thomas Holloway bayan Robert Smirke
 Dokar V, yanayi na 5 na William Sharpe bayan Robert Smirke

</br> Ma'auni don aunawa

 Dokar II, fage na 4 daga William Charles Wilson bayan Robert Smirke
 Dokar ta IV, fage na 3 daga William Charles Wilson bayan Robert Smirke

</br> Volume II</br> Barkwancin Kurakurai

 Dokar I, scene 1 na James Neagle bayan Francis Wheatley
 Dokar IV, yanayi na 4 na James Stow bayan Francis Wheatley

</br> Da yawa Ado Game da Komai

 Jarumi, Ursula, da Beatrice (Dokar III, yanayin 1) na James Heath bayan Matiyu Peters
 Borachio, Conrade da Watchmen (Dokar III, yanayi na 3) na George Noble bayan Francis Wheatley
 Dokar ta IV, ta 1 da Thomas Milton da Testaloni suka yi bayan William Hamilton
 Gwaji (Dokar IV, yanayin 2) na James Heath bayan Robert Smirke
 Dokar V, yanayi na 4 na James Fittler bayan Francis Wheatley

</br> Labaran Soyayya Ya Bace

 Dokar IV, scene na 2 na James Neagle bayan Francis Wheatley
 Dokar V, yanayi na 2 na William Skelton bayan Francis Wheatley

</br> Mafarkin Daren bazara

 Puck (Dokar II, yanayin 1) na James Parker bayan Henry Fuseli
 Puck (Dokar II, yanayin 2) na Luigi Schiavonetti bayan Joshua Reynolds

</br> Juzu'i na III</br> Dan kasuwa na Venice

 Dokar III, yanayin 2 na George Noble bayan Richard Westall
 Dokar III, yanayi na 3 na James Parker bayan Richard Westall

</br> Kamar yadda kuke so

 Jacques da Stagen rauni (Dokar II, yanayin 1) na Samuel Middiman bayan William Hodges
 Dokar II, yanayi na 6 na George Noble bayan Robert Smirke
 Dokar ta IV, ta uku ta William Charles Wilson bayan Robert Smirke
 Dokar V, yanayi na 4 ta Luigi Schiavonetti bayan William Hamilton

</br> Taming na Shrew

 Dokar ta IV, ta 1 ta Anker Smith bayan Julius Caesar Ibbetson
 Dokar ta IV, yanayi na 5 na Isaac Taylor bayan Julius Caesar Ibbetson

</br> Duk Lafiya lau Yana Karshe Lafiya

 Dokar I, scene na 3 na Francis Legat bayan Francis Wheatley
 Dokar II, yanayi na 3 na Luigi Schiavonetti bayan Francis WheatleyMujalladi na huɗu</br> Dare Na Goma sha biyu

 Olivia, Viola da Maria (Dokar I, yanayi na 5) na James Caldwell bayan William Hamilton
 Sir Toby, Sir Andrew da Maria (Dokar II, yanayin 3) na James Fittler bayan William Hamilton
 Dokar ta IV, ta uku ta William Angus bayan William Hamilton

</br> Labarin Hunturu

 Leontes da Hermione (Dokar II, yanayin 1) na James Fittler bayan William Hamilton
 Paulina, Yaro, Leontes, da Antigonus (Dokar II, yanayi na 3) daga Francesco Bartolozzi bayan William Hamilton
 Katin Makiyayi (Dokar IV, yanayi na 3) na Joseph Collyer bayan William Hamilton

</br> Macbeth

 Dokar I, yanayi na 3 na James Stow bayan Richard Westall
 Dokar III, yanayi na 4 na James Parker bayan Richard Westall
 Dokar V, yanayi na 1 daga William Charles Wilson bayan Richard Westall

</br> Sarki John

 Dokar IV, yanayi na 3 na Isaac Taylor bayan Robert Ker Porter
 Dokar III, yanayi na 4 daga Anker Smith bayan Richard Westall

</br> Volume V</br> Sarki Richard II

 Dokar III, yanayi na 2 na James Parker bayan William Hamilton
 Dokar V, yanayi na 2 na James Stow bayan William Hamilton

</br> Sashi na Farko na Sarki Henry IV

 Dokar II, yanayin 1 na James Fittler bayan Robert Smirke
 Dokar II, yanayi na 3 na James Neagle bayan Robert Smirke
 Dokar V, yanayi na 4 na James Neagle bayan Robert Smirke

</br> Kashi na biyu na Sarki Henry IV

 Dokar ta IV, ta 4 ta William Charles Wilson bayan Robert Smirke
 Dokar V, yanayi na 5 na Joseph Collyer bayan Robert Smirke

</br> Sarki Henry V

 Dokar III, yanayi na 3 na James Stow bayan Richard Westall

</br> Umeara VI</br> Sashi na Farko na Sarki Henry VI

 Dokar II, fage na 4 na John Ogborne bayan Josiah Boydell
 Dokar II, zane na 5 na Isaac Taylor bayan William Hamilton
 Mutuwar Mortimer (Dokar II, yanayin 5) na Andrew Gray bayan James Northcote
 Joan na Arc da Furies (Dokar V, yanayin 4) na Anker Smith bayan William Hamilton

</br> Kashi na biyu na Sarki Henry VI

 Dokar II, wasan 2 na Anker Smith bayan William Hamilton
 Dokar III, yanayi na 2 na Isaac Taylor bayan William Hamilton
 Mutuwar Cardinal Beaufort (Dokar III, yanayin 3) na Andrew Gray bayan Joshua Reynolds

</br> Kashi na Uku na Sarki Henry VI

 Dokar III, yanayi na 2 na Thomas Holloway bayan William Hamilton
 Dokar V, yanayi na 5 na Thomas Holloway bayan William Hamilton

</br> Richard III

 Haɗuwa da Yariman Sarakuna (Dokar III, yanayi na 1) na J. Barlow bayan James Northcote
 Dokar III, yanayi na 4 daga Anker Smith bayan Richard Westall
 Murananan Yariman da aka Kashe a cikin Hasumiyar (Dokar ta IV, yanayi na 3) daga James Heath bayan James NorthcoteVolume VII</br> Sarki Henry VIII

 Dokar I, scene na 4 na Isaac Taylor bayan Thomas Stothard
 Wolsey ta wulakanta (Dokar III, yanayi na 2) na William Charles Wilson bayan Richard Westall
 Dokar ta IV, ta 2 ta James Parker bayan Richard Westall
 Dokar V, yanayi na 1 na William Satchwell Leney bayan Richard Westall

</br> Coriolanus

 Dokar I, yanayi na 3 na James Stow bayan Robert Ker Porter
 Dokar ta IV, ta 5 ta James Parker bayan Robert Ker Porter

</br> Julius Cæsar

 Dokar III, yanayi na 1 na James Parker bayan Richard Westall
 Dokar V, yanayi na 5 na George Noble bayan Richard Westall

</br> Antony da Cleopatra

 Dokar ta IV, ta 4 ta Charles Turner Warren da George Noble bayan Henry Tresham
 Mutuwar Cleopatra (Dokar V, yanayi na 2) na George Noble bayan Henry Tresham

</br> Volume VIII</br> Timon na Atina

 Dokar I, yanayi na 2 na Richard Rhodes bayan Henry Howard
 Dokar ta IV, ta 1 ta Isaac Taylor bayan Henry Howard

</br> Titus Andronicus

 Dokar II, zane na 3 da Anker Smith ya yi bayan Samuel Woodforde
 Dokar IV, yanayi na 1 da Burnet Karatu bayan Thomas Kirk
 Dokar IV, yanayi na 2 na Yakubu Hogg bayan Thomas Kirk

</br> Troilus da Cressida

 Dokar I, yanayi na 2 na Charles Turner Warren bayan Thomas Kirk
 Dokar V, yanayi na 3 na James Fittler bayan Thomas Kirk

</br> Cymbeline

 Dokar II, yanayi na 2 na James Stow bayan Richard Westall
 Dokar II, zane na 4 daga William Charles Wilson bayan Richard Westall
 Dokar III, yanayi na 6 na James Parker bayan Richard Westall

</br> Iara IX</br> Sarki Lear

 Dokar I, yanayin 1 na William Sharpe bayan Robert Smirke
 Dokar III, yanayi na 4 ta Luigi Schiavonetti bayan Robert Smirke
 Dokar ta IV, yanayi na 7 daga Anker Smith bayan Robert Smirke

</br> Romeo da Juliet

 Dokar I, kashi na 5 na Anker Smith bayan William Miller
 Dokar II, wasan 5 na James Parker bayan Robert Smirke
 Dokar III, yanayi na 5 na James Stow bayan John Francis Rigaud
 Capulet ya samo Juliet Matattu (Dokar IV, yanayin 5) na Jean Pierre Simon da William Blake bayan John Opie
 Dokar V, yanayi na 3 na James Heath bayan James Northcote

</br> Hamlet

 Dokar III, yanayi na 4 daga William Charles Wilson bayan Richard Westall
 Dokar ta IV, yanayi na 7 da James Parker ya yi bayan Richard Westall

</br> Othello

 Dokar IV, yanayi na 2 na Andrew Michel bayan Robert Ker Porter
 Desdemona Barci (Dokar V, yanayin 2) na Andrew Michel bayan Josiah Boydell

Kamar yadda kuke so

 Dokar II, yanayi na 7 na Robert Thew (lamba. 99), Peltro William Tomkins (lamba. 97), Jean Pierre Simon (lamba. 101, 103), John Ogborne (lamba 98, 100), da William Satchwell Leney (a'a. 102) bayan Robert Smirke

Bayanan kula

Manazarta

Pages with unreviewed translations