Yawan jama'a na Ghana
Yawan al 'ummar Ghana ya bayyana yanayi da bayyanin yawan mutanen Ghana. Wannan labarin yana magana ne game da yanayin alƙaluman kasar Ghana, gami da yawan jama'a, ƙabila, matakin ilimi, lafiyar jama'a, alaƙar addini da sauran fannoni na jama'a.

Yawan jama'ar Ghana 31,072,940 (ƙididdigar Janairu 2020).

Harsuna 

Kasar Ghana kasa ce mai amfani da harsuna da yawa inda ake magana da kusan yare tamanin. Ingilishi shine harshen hukuma da yare. Daga cikin yarukan asalin Ghana, Akan ne akafi amfani dashi.

Kasar Ghana tana da kabilu sama da saba'in, kowannensu yana da nasa harshen na daban. Harsunan da ke cikin kabila ɗaya yawanci ana iya fahimtar juna.

Harsuna goma sha ɗaya suna da matsayin yarukan da gwamnati ke tallafawa: yarukan Akan guda huɗu (Akuapem Twi, Asante Twi, Fante da Nzema) da yarukan kabilu biyu na Mole-Dagbani (Dagaare da Dagbanli). Sauran sune Ewe, Dangme, Ga, Gonja, da Kasem, Hausa.

Kungiyoyin kabilu 
Kasar Ghana tana da kabilu sama da saba'in. Manyan kabilun kasar Ghana sun hada da Akan da kashi 47.5% na yawan jama'ar, Mole-Dagbon da 16.6%, Ewe a 13.9%, Ga-Dangme da 7.4%, Gurma da 5.7%, Guang na 3.7%, da Grusi a kashi 2.5%, Kusaasi na kashi 1.2%, sannan mutanen Bikpakpaam da aka fi sani da Konkomba suna da kashi 3.5%. 4.3% na yawan jama'a fararen fata ne. Suna daga Burtaniya, Dutch, Faransanci, Jamusanci, Italiyanci, Fotigal, Polish, Scandinavia, Amurka, Latin Amurka ko asalin Australiya. Suna zaune a Accra, Cape Coast, Elmina, Saltpond, Sekondi-Takoradi, da Tema da Kumasi, Koforidua, Sunyani da garuruwa kamar Ho da Nkawkaw. Har ila yau, akwai 'yan asalin ƙasar Gana masu fata na asalin Afirka baƙon da ke da dangi waɗanda ke tsere wa wariyar launin fata waɗanda suka auri kakanninsu. 2.4% na yawan jama'ar kasar Sin ne.

Ilimi 
Ilimin firamare da ƙaramar sakandare ba shi da kuɗin karatu kuma tilas ne. Tun daga 1987, Gwamnatin Ghana ta kara kasafin kudin ilimi da kashi 700%. Rabon ilimi na asali ya girma daga 45% zuwa 60% na wannan jimillar.

Dalibai suna fara karatun firamare na shekaru 6 suna da shekaru shida. Sun wuce zuwa karamar makarantar sakandare na shekaru 3 na karatun ilimi hade da horon fasaha da sana'a. Wadanda ke ci gaba da komawa cikin shirin makarantar sakandare na shekaru 3. Kofar shiga ɗayan mafi kyawun jami'o'in ƙasar Ghana shine ta hanyar jarabawa bayan kammala babbar makarantar sakandare tare da alamar wucewa.

Yanayin jama'a 
Kidayar jama'ar Ghana da ta dogara da dogaro da juna a shekarar 1961 ta ƙidaya kusan mazauna miliyan 6.7. Tsakanin 1965 da 1989, yawanci kaso 45 cikin ɗari na yawan mata na ƙasar Ghana sun kasance cikin shekarun haihuwa.

Adadin danyen mutuwa na 18 daga cikin mutane 1,000 a shekarar 1965 ya fadi zuwa 13 cikin 1,000 na mutane a 1992. Tsammani na rayuwa ya tashi daga matsakaicin shekarar 1992 na shekaru arba'in da biyu ga maza da kuma shekaru arba'in da biyar ga mata zuwa shekaru hamsin da biyu da hamsin da shida a shekarar 2002. Yawan haihuwa ya kai kimanin yara biyu ga mace baligi a shekarar 2013.

Haihuwa da Haihuwa dangane da Nazarin Lafiyar Jama'a 
Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR.) Binciken Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a:

Haihuwa da Haihuwa (Kidaya 2000 & 2010) 
Total Fertility Rate (TFR) da Crude Birth Rate (CBR):

Haihuwa da mutuwa

Bayanin haihuwa kamar na shekarar 2014 (Shirin DHS):

Tsawon rai

Sauran ƙididdigar alƙaluma 
Kididdigar jama'a bisa ga Nazarin Yawan Jama'a na Duniya a cikin 2019.

 Haihuwa daya kowane dakika 36
 Mutuwa daya kowane minti 2
 Netaya daga cikin ƙaura zuwa kowane minti 26
 Samun riba na mutum daya kowane dakika 50

Yawan alƙaluman masu zuwa daga Ma'aikatar Kididdigar kasar Ghana ce mai zaman kanta da kuma daga CIA World Factbook sai dai in an nuna wani abu.

Yawan jama'a 
30,802,793 (Fabrairu 2020)

   25,009,153 (Disamba 2013 est. [17] [18]) Mata- 50.5% Namiji- 49.5%

Tsarin shekaru 

0-14 shekaru: 37.83% (namiji 5,344,146 / mace 5,286,383)

Shekaru 15-24: 18.61% (namiji 2,600,390 / mace 2,629,660)

Shekaru 25-54: 34.21% (namiji 4,663,234 / mace 4,950,888)

Shekaru 55-64: 5.05% (namiji 690,327 / mace 727,957)

Shekaru 65 zuwa sama: 4.3% (namiji 557,155 / mace 652,331) (shekarar 2018).

0-14 shekaru: 22.8% (namiji 2,362,094 / mace 2,208,178)

Shekaru 15-24: 23.7% (namiji 2,360,293 / mace 2,382,573)

Shekaru 25-54: 42.4% (namiji 4,120,921 / mace 4,363,889)

Shekaru 55-64: 5.9% (namiji 577,431 / mace 610,716)

Shekaru 65 zuwa sama: 5.1% (namiji 476,297 / mace 546,765) (shekarar 2013.)

Yawan karuwar jama'a 

2.16% (2018 est.) Kwatanta ƙasa da duniya: 40th

2.1% (shekarar 2013).

Yawan haihuwa 

Haihuwar 30.2 / yawan jama'a 1,000 (shekarar 2018). Kwatanta ƙasa da duniya: 35th

Haihuwar 16.03 / yawan jama'a 1,000 (shekarar 2013).

Yawan mutuwa 

Mutuwar 6.8 / yawan mutane 1,000 (shekarar 2018). Kwatanta ƙasa da duniya: 134th

Mutuwar 7.53 / yawan mutane 1,000 (shekarar 2013).

Jimlar yawan haihuwa 

An haifi yara / mata 3.96 (shekarar 2018.) Kwatanta ƙasa da duniya: na 34

Yawan haihuwa ya ragu daga 3.99 (2000) zuwa 3.28 (2010) tare da 2.78 a yankin Urban da 3.94 a yankin karkara.

Matsakaicin shekaru 

duka: shekaru 21.2. Kwatanta ƙasa da duniya: 185th

namiji: shekara 20.7

mace: shekara 21.7 (shekarar 2018).

Matsayin mahaifiya a farkon haihuwa 

Shekaru 22.3 (2017 est.)

bayanin kula: shekarun haihuwa a farkon haihuwa tsakanin mata 25-29

Yawan yaduwar cutar hana haihuwa 

33% (2017)

Tsabar Adadin Hijira 

-1.8 bakin haure (s) / yawan jama'a 1,000 (2017 est.) Kwatanta ƙasa da duniya: 154th

   -1.85 baƙi (s) / yawan 1,020 (2013 est.)

Yawan mutuwar jarirai 

Mutuwar 39.01 / haihuwar haihuwa 1,000 (2013 est.)

Yanayin dogara 

jimlar yawan dogaro: 73 (2015 est.)

rabo na dogaro ga matasa: 67.1 (2015 est.)

rabo na tsofaffi: 5.9 (2015 est.)

rabo na tallafi mai yiwuwa: 17.1 (2015 est.)

Tsarin birni 

yawan birane: 56.1% na yawan jama'a (2018)

ƙimar birni: 3.34% canjin canjin shekara (2015-20 est.)

Tsammani a lokacin haihuwa 

Jimlar yawan jama'a: shekaru 67.4 (kimanin shekara ta 2018).

namiji: Shekaru 64.9 (shekarar 2018).

mace: shekara 70 (shekarar 2018).

jimlar yawan jama'a: shekaru 65.46 (shekarar 2013). Shekaru 66

namiji: Shekaru 64.48 (2013 est.); Shekaru 66

mace: shekara 66.48 (shekarar 2013). Shekaru 67 (2013 est.)

Asar 
suna: Dan Ghana

siffa: Gana

Zama ɗan ƙasa 

 'Yan ƙasar Ghana (miliyan 20,000,000)

Jama'ar Ghana

Addinai 

 Kirista 71.2%
 Pentikostal/Kwarewa 28.3%
 Furotesta  18.4%
 Roman Catolika 13.1%
 Musulunci 17.6%
 Gargajiya 5.2%
 Babu 5.2%
 Sauran 0.8%

Harsuna 

Asante 16%, Ewe 14%, Fante 11.6%, Brong (Brong) 4.9%, Dagomba 4.4%, Dangme 4.2%, Dagarte (Dagaba) 3.9%, Likpakpaanl a.k.a. yaren Konkomba 3.5%, Akyem 3.2%, Ga 3.1%, Sauran 31.2%

Ilimi 
ma'anar: shekaru 15 zuwa sama na iya karatu da rubutu (2015 est.)

jimlar yawan jama'a: 76.6% (2015 est.)

namiji: 82% (2015 est.)

mace: 71.4% (2015 est.)

Tsaran rayuwar makaranta (firamare zuwa manyan makarantu) 

total: shekaru 12 (2017)

namiji: shekaru 12 (2017)

mace: shekaru 11 (2017)

jimlar yawan: 71.5%

namiji: 78.3%

mace: 65.3% (ƙidayar 2010)

Rashin aikin yi, matasa masu shekaru 15-24 

jimla: 15.2% (2015 est.)

namiji: 15.8% (2015 est.)

mace: 14.6% (2015 est.)

Tarihin alƙaluma

Rarraba yawan jama'a 
Yawan jama'a ya karu a hankali daga talatin da shida a kowace murabba'in kilomita a shekarar 1970 zuwa hamsin da biyu a kowace kilomita kilomita murabba'i a shekarar 1984. A shekarar 1990 mutane sittin da uku a kowace kilomita kilomita murabba'i shine kimanta yawan yawan mutanen Ghana. Waɗannan matsakaita ba su nuna bambancin ra'ayi game da rarraba yawan jama'a ba. Misali, yayin da yankin Arewa, daya daga cikin yankuna goma na gudanarwar, ya nuna yawan mutane goma sha bakwai a kowane murabba'in kilomita a shekarar 1984, a cikin wannan shekarar Babban yankin Accra ya sami sau tara matsakaita na ƙasa na hamsin da biyu a kowace murabba'in kilomita.

Kamar yadda lamarin yake a cikin shekarun 1960 da 1970, mafi yawan mutanen da suka fi yawa a shekarar 1984 sun kasance a kudancin Kwahu Plateau. Matsakaicin matsuguni ya ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin alwatika na Accra-Kumasi-Takoradi, galibi saboda haɓakar tattalin arziƙin yankin. Duk cibiyoyin hakar ma'adanai na kasar Ghana, da ke samarda dazuzzuka na katako, da filayen noman koko suna kudu da yankin Kwahu Plateau. Ginin triangle na Accra-Kumasi-Takoradi yana da alaƙa da bakin teku ta hanyar layin dogo da hanyoyin-yin wannan yanki muhimmin maganadisu don saka hannun jari da kuma kwadago.

Babban ɓangare na Bashin Volta ba shi da yawa. Yankin arewa mai nisa yana da yawan jama'a. Yawan jama'a na Yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya ya dara matsakaita na ƙasa. Ana iya bayanin wannan ta ɓangaren ƙasa mafi kyau da aka samo a wasu yankuna.

Bambancin birane da karkara 
Yankunan mutane 5,000 da sama sun kasance a cikin birane tun daga 1960. Yawan mutanen biranen 1960 ya kai mutum 1,551,174, ko kuma kashi 23.1 na yawan mutanen. Zuwa shekarar 1970 yawan birane ya karu zuwa kashi 28. Wannan adadin ya tashi zuwa 32 a shekarar 1984 kuma an kiyasta shi da kashi 33 cikin 100 na 1992.

Yankunan birane a cikin Ghana a al'adance ana wadata su da abubuwan more rayuwa fiye da yankunan karkara. Sakamakon haka, Kumasi, Accra, da ƙauyuka da yawa a cikin ƙasan tattalin arziƙin kudu sun fi jawo hankalin mutane fiye da yankunan savanna na arewa; kawai Tamale a arewa ya kasance banda. Haɗin layin wutar lantarki na ƙasa zuwa yankunan arewacin ƙasar a ƙarshen 1980s na iya taimakawa wajen daidaita tafiyar arewa zuwa kudu na ƙaura ta cikin gida. Ghana na da yawan mutanen karkara wadanda suka dogara da noma. Ghana ta ci gaba da kasancewa ƙasa mai al'ummomin karkara. An kiyasta mazaunin karkara ya kai kashi 67 cikin ɗari na yawan jama'ar a shekarar 1992. A cikin shekarun 1970s, kashi 72 cikin ɗari na yawan jama'ar Gana suna zaune a yankunan karkara. "Manifesto na Karkara," wanda aka tantance musabbabin rashin bunkasa karkara, an gabatar da shi a watan Afrilu na shekarar 1984. An kimanta dabarun ci gaba, wasu kuma an aiwatar da su don sanya mazaunan karkara su zama masu jan hankali. Bankin na Ghana ya kafa bankunan karkara sama da 120 don tallafawa 'yan kasuwar karkara, kuma shirin samar da lantarki a yankunan karkara ya karfafa a karshen shekarun 1980. Gwamnati ta gabatar da tsare-tsaren ta ga majalisun gundumomi a matsayin wani bangare na dabarun ta na inganta karkara ta hanyar gudanar da mulki ba kakkauta.

Nassoshi