Elizabeth II
Sarauniya Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary) An haife ta a ranar 21 ga watan Afrilun shekara ta alif ɗari tara da ashirin da shida 1926, zuwa ranar 8 ga watan Satumba shekarata 2022. Ita ce Sarauniyar  United Kingdom da wasu ƙasashen Ƙungiyar Ƙasashe masu tasowa.

Elizabeth dai an haife ta ne a birnin London, ita ce ɗiyar farko daga gidan Duke na York da matarsa Duchess na York, wanda daga bisani ya zama Sarki George VI matarsa kuma Mahaifiyar Sarauniya Elizabeth II, sarauniyar ta samu karatun tane daga cikin gidan iyayenta a matsayin ta na ƴar gidan sarauta. Mahaifinta yakaiga karagar mulki bayan ƙwace sarautar da akayi daga hannun Sarki Edward VIII wanda ɗan uwanta a ne a shekara ta alif 1936, wanda tun daga nan ne ta zama mai jiran gado. Tafara yin ayyukan al'umma musamman aikin soja a yayin yaƙin duniya na II, inda tayi aiki a ƙarƙashin Auxiliary Territorial Service. A shekarata alif 1947, Ta auri Philip, Duke na Edinburgh, tsohon Yariman ƙasar Greece da Denmark, wanda suke da yara huɗu dashi: Charles, Yariman Wales; Anne, Princess Royal; Andrew, Duke na York; da Edward, Earl na Wessex.

Bayan rasuwar mahaifin ta a watan Fabrairun shekara ta alif 1952, tazama shugaban Commonwealth kuma queen regnant na ƙasashe bakwai (7) dake cikin Commonwealth: United Kingdom, Kanada, Australiya, New Zealand, Union of South Africa, Dominion of Pakistan, da Ceylon. Tayi mulki da kawo sauyin dokokin ƙasashe kamar devolution in the United Kingdom, Canadian patriation, da kuma decolonisation of Africa. A tsakanin shekarar alif 1956 da shekarar alif 1992, adadin yawan ƙasashen da Elizabeth ta II ke mulka sun sauya kasantuwar wasu yankuna sun samu ƴancin cin gashin kansu, waɗanda suka haɗa da ƙasa kamar  Africa ta kudu, Pakistan, da Ceylon (wanda aka canja wa suna zuwa Sri Lanka), wasu kuma sun zama republics. Daga cikin ziyarce ziyarcen ta na tarihi da huɗɗoɗinta  akwai state visit to the Republic of Ireland da kuma ziyararta ga ko ziyartan Pope Roma biyar. Manyan biki a Rayuwarta akwai coronation in 1953 da murnar cikarta shekara ashirin da biyar a karagar mulki Silver, Da na shekara hamsin Golden, Da kuma Diamond Jubilees a shekara ta alif 1977, 2002, da 2012 dasuka gabata. A shekarar 2017, tazama sarauniyar Biritaniya ta farko da takai Sapphire Jubilee. Kuma ita ce mafi tsawon shekaru akan Sarautar   Biritaniya har wayau ita ce tsohuwar sarauniyar data daɗe akan karagar mulki kuma mace shugaba da tafi daɗewa a duniya, kuma mafi tsawon shekaru akan karagar mulki cikin shugabannin duniya dake raye a yanzu.

Elizabeth ta fuskanci suka daga ƴan republican sentiments da na ƴan jarida royal family, musamman bayan rabe-raben auren ƴa yanta her annus horribilis a shekarar 1992 da rasuwar death in 1997 wadda tsohuwar sarakuwarta ce Diana, Sarauniyar Wales. Duk da yake samun goyon bayan masarautar ya cigaba da ƙaruwa, hakama cigaba da karɓuwarta da ƙarin farin jinin ta..

Farkon Rayuwarta 

An haifi Elizabeth a daidai ƙarfe 02:40 (GMT) ranar 21 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta 1926, A lokacin mulkin kakanta namiji, King George V. Mahaifinta Duke din York (wanda yazama King George VI), shine ɗa na biyun Sarkin. Mahaifiyarta, Duchess din York (wadda tazama Queen Elizabeth), Itace ƴar autan Scottish aristocrat wato Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne. An haife ta a Caesarean section gidan iyayen kakanta dake London: 17 Bruton Street, Mayfair. Anyimata baptised daga Anglican Archbishop of York, Cosmo Gordon Lang, a cocin Buckingham Palace a ranar 29 ga watan Mayu,efn|name=baptism|Her godparents were: King George V and Queen Mary; Lord Strathmore; Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn (her paternal great-granduncle); Princess Mary, Viscountess Lascelles (her paternal aunt); and Lady Elphinstone (her maternal aunt). An raɗa mata suna Elizabeth daga sunan mahaifiyarta, Alexandra kuma bayan George V's mother, wanda yarasu wata shida kafin a haife ta, Mary kuma daga her paternal grandmother. ƴan uwanta nakusa nakiranta da "Lilibet" , akan abinda ta kira kanta dashi ne da farko, mahaifin mahaifinta na matuƙar sonta wato George V,  A lokacin tsakanin ciwonsa a 1929, ziyarar data riƙa kai masa yasamu tagomashi a jaridu da kuma tarihai, tareda taimaka masa wurin samun sauƙi.
  
Ƴar uwar Elizabeth ɗaya, itace Princess Margaret, an haife ta a shekarar 1930. Sunyi karatunsu a gidan mahaifinsu a ƙarƙashin kulawar mahaifiyarsu da kuma maikula dasu wato, Marion Crawford. Karatunsu yafi mayarda hankaline akan tarihi, Harshe, literature da Waƙa. Crawford ya wallafa tarihin Elizabeth da yarintar Margaret, wanda akaiwa laƙabi da The Little Princesses in 1950, much to the dismay of the royal family. Littafi ya fayyace son da Elizabeth kewa Dokuna da Karnuka, yadda takeda tsari, da halayyarta na ɗaukan nauyin abunda ke ƙarƙashin ta. ". Wasu kuma sun yi na'am da irin waɗannan abubuwan: Winston Churchill ya kwatanta Elizabeth lokacin da take da shekaru biyu a matsayin "halayya. Tana da iska mai iko da tunani mai ban mamaki a cikin jariri."  amma mai hankali da kiyaye".[2].

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