Le Havre
Le Havre ( /l ə ˈhɑːv ( rə ) / ,   French: [lafiya (ə)] ( </img>  ; Norman   [lɛ ɑvʁ(é)] ) babban birni ne da ke da tashar jirgin ruwa a garin Seine-Maritime a yankin Normandy na arewacin Faransa. Tana nan a gefen dama daga gabar kogin Seine na tashar kudu maso yammacin Pays de Caux, kusa da Prime Meridian  . Le Havre ita ce yanki mai dauke da mafi yawan jama'a a Upper Normandy, kodayake jimillar yawan jama'ar babban birnin Le Havre ya yi ƙasa da na Rouen. Bayan Reims, shi ne kuma yanki na biyu mafi girma a Faransa. Sunan Le Havre yana nufin "tashar ruwa" ko "tashar jirgin ruwa". Ana kuma kiran mazaunanta da Havrais ko Havraises. 

Sarki Francis I ne ya kafa birnin da tashar jirage ruwa a shekarar alif 1517. Yaƙe-yaƙe na addini, rikice-rikice da Turawa, annoba, da guguwa sun kawo cikas ga ci gaban tattalin arziki a zamanin farko. Tun daga ƙarshen karni na 18 ne Le Havre ya fara girma kuma tashar ta fara wanzuwa tare da kuma cinikin bayi sannan sauran kasuwancin kasa da kasa. Bayan hare-haren 1944 kamfanin Auguste Perret ya fara sake gina birnin da kankare. Masana'antar mai, sinadarai, da masana'antar kera motoci sun kasance masu ƙarfi a lokacin Trente Glorieuses (ƙarshen bayan yaƙi) amma shekarun 1970 sun nuna ƙarshen ƙarshen zinare na masu layin teku da farkon rikicin tattalin arziƙi: raguwar yawan jama'a, rashin aikin yi ya ƙaru kuma ya kasance a babban matsaloli a yau.

An sama canje-canje a cikin shekarun 1990-2000 da dama. Bayan ya lashe zaben kananan hukumomi kuma ya dau aniyar farfado da martabar birnin, yana neman bunkasa sashen kasunci da sababbin masana'antu ( Aeronautics, Wind turbines ). Aikin Tashar Jirgin ruwan na  2000 ya ƙara damar daukar kwantenoni don yin gogayya da tashoshin jiragen ruwa na arewacin Turai, ya canza yankunan kudancin birnin, kuma jiragen ruwa sun dawo. Le Havre na yau tana da tasiri sosai ga ayyuka da al'adun mazauna yankin. Tashar jiragen ruwa ita ce ta biyu mafi girma a Faransa, bayan ta Marseille, dangane da jimlar sufuri, kuma itace tashar da ta fi kowacce tasha girman daukakr kwantenaoni a Faransa.

A cikin shekara ta 2005, UNESCO ta rubuta tsakiyar birnin Le Havre a matsayin Gidan Tarihi na Duniya saboda  ginin post-WWIIna musamman.  Gidan kayan tarihi na zamani na André Malraux shine na biyu na Faransa saboda dumbin zane-zane masu ban sha'awa . Birnin ya sami kyautar furanni biyu daga Majalisar Kasa ta Birane da Kauyuka a Bloom a gasar birane da kauyuka a Bloom.

Labarin kasa

Wuri 
 
Le Havre yana da nisan  daga yamma da Rouen a gabar Tekun Turai da kuma gabar Seine. Hanyoyi da yawa suna haɗi zuwa Le Havre tare da manyan hanyoyin samun damar kasancewa hanyar A29 ta Amiens da kuma hanyar A13 daga Paris mai haɗawa zuwa hanyar A131 .

A gwamnatance, Le Havre wani gari ne a yankin Normandy a yammacin sashin Seine-Maritime. Yankin birni na Le Havre na da alaka da yankin Agglomeration na Le Havre (CODAH)  wanda ya haɗa da kwamitoci 17 da mutane 250,000.  Yankin ya mamaye iyakar kudu maso yammaci yankin Pays de Caux inda shine birni mafi girma. Le Havre yana cikin cakude a tsakanin bakin tekun tashar daga kudu maso yamma zuwa arewa maso yamma da kuma gabar Seine zuwa kudu.

Hotuna

Manazarta 
Biranen Faransa
CS1 Faransanci-language sources (fr)
Articles with hAudio microformats