Daular Sipaniya
Daular Sipaniya (Spanish:), wanda kuma akafi sani da Masarautar Hispaniya (Spanish:) ko Masarautar Katolika (Spanish:)    daular mulkin mallaka ce da kasar Spain da jihohin da suka gabace ta ke mulki a tsakanin 1492 da 1976.   Ɗaya daga cikin dauloli mafi girma a tarihi, ta kasance, tare da haɗin gwiwar daular Portuguese, na farko da acikin kasashen Turai da suka cimma ma'auni na duniya,  suna mulkar sassa masu da dama a Amurka, Afirka, tsibirai daban-daban a Asiya da kuma Oceania, da kuma yankunan sassan Turai. Ta kasance daya daga cikin daulolin da suka fi karfi a farkon zamani, ta zama daula ta farko da aka fi sani da "the empire on which the sun never sets" wato daular da rana ba ta fadi.  Daular ta kai kolouwar ikonta a karni na 18.

Wani muhimmin abu a cikin samuwar daular Sipaniya ita ce haɗin kai tsakanin Isabella I na Castile da Ferdinand II na Aragon a shekarar 1469, wanda akafi sani da Sarakunan Katolika, wanda ya ƙaddamar da haɗin kai na siyasa, addini da zamantakewa amma ba haɗin kai na siyasa ba.  Castile (wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1230 daga Masarautar Leon da Masarautar Asturia) ta zama babbar masarauta a Iberia saboda ikon ta akan daular ketare a Amurka.  An ƙara bayyana tsarin daular a ƙarƙashin Sipaniya ta Habsburgs  (1516-1700), kuma a ƙarƙashin sarakunan Bourbon na Sipaniya, daular ta ƙara ƙarfin iko kuma ta ƙara yawan kudaden shiga daga Indis.   

A farkon al'amari, Portugal ita ce kadai babbar barazana ga mulkin Sipaniya a wannan Sabuwar Duniya. Don kawo ƙarshen barazanar ta faɗaɗa Portuguese, Sipaniya ta kai hari ga maƙwabtanta na Iberian a cikin shekarar 1580, ta ci nasara akan sojojin Fotugal, Faransa, da Ingila. Bayan nasarar da Mutanen Espanya suka samu a Yaƙin Mulkin Fotigal, Philip II na Sipaniya ya mallake sarautar kasar Fotugal a 1581, kuma Fotugal da yankunanta na ketare sun zo ƙarƙashin mulkinsa tare da ƙungiyar Iberian Union, wanda masana tarihi da yawa suka dauka a matsayin mallakar  Espaniya.  Phillip ya mutunta ka'idoji da dama na yankunan Iberian kuma, tare da sauran majalissar dokoki, sun kafa Majalisar Portugal, wadda ta kula da Fotugal da daularta da kuma "kyautata dokokinta, cibiyoyinta, da tsarin kuɗi, da sun haɗe kai kawai don mulkin adalci."  A  1640, yayin da Sipaniya ke yaƙi a Kataloniya, Italiya, Jamus, da Netherlands, Portugal ta yi tawaye tare da sake kafa 'yancin kai a ƙarƙashin gidan Braganza.  Masarautar Iberian sun koma zuwa asalinsu na kasashe, tare da gudanarwa da tsarin shari'a na asali. Ko da yake ikon mulkin Sipaniya a matsayin sarki ya bambanta daga wannan yanki zuwa wancan, sarkin ya yi haka ne ta hanyar haɗin kai  a kan dukkan yankunan masarautun ta hanyar tsarin majalisa: haɗin kai ba ya nufin an zama daya ba. 

Har ila yau, daular Sipaniya ta haɗa har da yankunan Turai, yayinda Netherlands ta Sipaniya ta kasance mafi arziki. Bayan Yaƙin Italiya da Faransa, wanda ya ƙare a shekarar 1559, Sipaniya ta sami iko akan rabin kasar Italiya (Masarautar Naples, Sicily, Sardinia, Duchy na Milan) tare da yarjejeniyar Cateau-Cambresis. Waɗannan yankuna sun kasance ƙarƙashin mulkin  Espaniya har zuwa Yakin mallakar mulkin Spaniya.

Manazarta 

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