Angelo Soliman
Angelo Soliman,an haife shi Mmadi Make, (c. 1721 – 1796)ɗan Austriya Freemason ne.Ya sami matsayi a cikin al'ummar Viennese da Freemasonry .

Rayuwa 
Watakila Soliman dan kabilar Magumi ne na kabilar Kanuri .,Mmadi Make,yana da alaƙa da ajin sarauta a jihar Borno a Najeriya ta zamani.An kai shi fursuna tun yana yaro kuma ya isa Marseilles a matsayin bawa.An sayar da shi zuwa gidan wani maci na Messinan,wanda ya kula da iliminsa.Domin yana ƙaunar wani bawa a gidan,Angelina,ya ɗauki sunan ‘Angelo’ kuma ya zaɓi ya amince da ranar 11 ga Satumba,ranar baftisma a matsayin ranar haihuwarsa.Bayan buƙatun da aka maimaita, an ba shi kyauta a 1734 ga Prince Georg Christian,Prince von Lobkowitz,gwamnan daular Sicily.Ya zama abokin Yarima kuma abokin tafiya, tare da raka shi a yakin neman zabe a duk fadin Turai kuma an ce ya ceci rayuwarsa a wani lokaci,wani muhimmin al'amari da ke da alhakin hawansa zamantakewa.Bayan mutuwar Yarima Lobkowitz,an kai Soliman cikin gidan Vienna na Joseph Wenzel I,Yariman Liechtenstein, daga ƙarshe ya tashi zuwa babban bawa. Daga baya,ya zama mai koyar da sarauta na magajin Yarima, Aloys I.A ranar 6 ga Fabrairu,1768, ya auri mace mai martaba Magdalena Christiani,matashiya gwauruwa kuma 'yar'uwar Janar na Faransa François Etienne de Kellermann,Duke na Valmy,marshal na Napoleon Bonaparte.

</br>Wani mutum mai al'ada,Soliman yana da mutuƙar mutuntawa a cikin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun Vienna kuma an ƙidaya shi a matsayin aboki mai daraja ta Sarkin Austriya Joseph II da Count Franz Moritz von Lacy da kuma Prince Gian Gastone de' Medici.Soliman ya halarci daurin auren Sarki Joseph II da Gimbiya Isabella ta Parma a matsayin bakuwar Sarki.

A cikin 1783,ya shiga gidan Masonic Lodge "True Concord" (Zur Wahren Eintracht),wanda membobinsu sun haɗa da yawancin masu fasaha da masana Vienna na lokacin,daga cikinsu akwai mawaƙa Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart da Joseph Haydn da mawallafin Hungarian Ferenc Kazinczy .Bayanan Lodge sun nuna cewa Soliman da Mozart sun hadu a lokuta da dama.Wataƙila halin Bassa Selim a cikin wasan opera na Mozart Satar daga Seraglio ya dogara ne akan Soliman. zama Babban Jagora na wannan masaukin,Soliman ya taimaka canza al'ada ta haɗa da abubuwan ilimi.Wannan sabon alkiblar Masonic ya yi tasiri cikin sauri ga ayyukan Freemasonic a cikin Turai.Har yanzu ana yin bikin Soliman a cikin bukukuwan Masonic a matsayin "Uban Tunanin Masonic Tsabta",tare da fassara sunansa da "Angelus Solimanus".

A lokacin rayuwarsa an dauki Soliman a matsayin abin koyi ga "mai yuwuwar hadewa" na 'yan Afirka a Turai,amma bayan mutuwarsa hotonsa ya kasance ƙarƙashin cin mutunci da cin mutunci ta hanyar wariyar launin fata na Kimiyya,kuma jikinsa ya kasance a cikin wani nau'i na musamman,kamar dai an yi watsi da shi.dabba ko don gwaji. Wigger da Klein sun bambanta bangarori hudu na Soliman - "sarauta Moor ", "Moor Moor", "physiognomic Moor" da "mummified Moor". Nadi biyu na farko suna magana ne game da shekaru kafin mutuwarsa. Kalmar "Moor Moor" ta bayyana Soliman a cikin mahallin bautar Moors a kotunan Turai,inda launin fatarsu ke nuna ƙasƙantarsu kuma suka zama alamomin matsayi da ke nuna iko da dukiyar masu su. Tun daga zuriyarsa da al'adunsa na asali,Soliman ya ƙasƙantar da shi zuwa "alamar gabas ta gabas ta Ubangijinsa"wanda ba a yarda ya yi rayuwa mai son rai ba.Sunan "Moor Moor" ya bayyana Soliman a matsayin tsohon kotu Moor wanda hawansa kan matakin zamantakewa saboda aurensa da wata mace mai girman kai ya sa ya sami damar 'yantar da shi. A wannan lokacin Soliman ya zama memba na Freemasons kuma a matsayin masaukin Grand Master tabbas an dauke shi daidai da ’yan uwansa Mason duk da cewa ya ci gaba da fuskantar kaurin kabilanci da son zuciya.

Mumification bayan mutuwa 
Ƙarƙashin bayyanar haɗin kai ya lulluɓe kyakkyawar makomar Soliman.Ko da yake ya ci gaba da tafiya cikin kwanciyar hankali a cikin manyan al'umma,kyakkyawan yanayin da aka ba shi bai taɓa ɓacewa ba kuma tsawon rayuwarsa ya rikide zuwa yanayin launin fata. Halayen da aka yi amfani da su wajen rarraba Soliman a matsayin "Mor Physognomic Moor" an tsara su ta hanyar masana ilimin ƙabilun Viennese a lokacin rayuwarsa,waɗanda aka tsara ta hanyar ka'idoji da zato game da "jinin Afirka".Ba zai iya tserewa ra'ayin harajin da ya mai da hankali kan halaye na launin fata ba, watau,launin fata,nau'in gashi, girman leɓe da siffar hanci.Matsayinsa na zamantakewa ko kasancewarsa a cikin Freemasons ba zai iya hana cin zarafinsa ba,wanda zai kai ga matsayinsa na ƙarshe a matsayin "mummified Moor".

Manazarta