Lancaster
Lancaster birni ne, a cikin Lancashire, Ingila kuma babbar cibiyar al'adu, cibiyar tattalin arziki da kasuwanci ta gundumar Lancaster. Garin yana kan Kogin Lune kuma kai tsaye cikin ƙasa daga Morecambe Bay. Lancaster shine gundumar lardin Lancashire har zuwa hedkwatar gudanarwar karamar hukumar ta koma Preston a cikin 1974.) Dogon tarihin garin alama ce ta Lancaster Roman Fort, Lancaster Castle, Cocin Lancaster Priory, Cathedral Lancaster da Ashton Memorial. Ita ce wurin zama na Jami'ar Lancaster kuma tana da harabar Jami'ar Cumbria. Tana da yawan jama'a 52,234 a cikin ƙidayar 2011 idan aka kwatanta da gundumar da ke da yawan 138,375. Garin cibiyar tattalin arziki ce ga gundumomin Ribble Valley da Wyre da kuma yankin Westmorland da Furness na Cumbria.

Gidan Lancaster reshe ne na gidan sarautar Ingila. Duchy na Lancaster har yanzu yana riƙe da manyan gidaje a madadin Charles III, wanda shine Duke na Lancaster.

Tashar jiragen ruwa na Lancaster da cinikin bayi na Lancaster na ƙarni na 18 sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓakar birnin, amma tsawon shekaru da yawa daga waje na Glasson Dock, a ƙasa, ya kasance babban wurin jigilar kayayyaki.

Tarihi
An gina wani katangar Romawa a ƙarshen karni na 1 AZ akan tsaunin da Lancaster Castle yake a yanzu, maiyuwa a farkon shekarun 60s, bisa ga shaidar tsabar Roman. Har ila yau, shaidun tsabar kudin sun nuna cewa ba a ci gaba da zama a katangar ba a farkon shekarunsa. An sake gina shi da dutse wajen 102.[ Sunan kagara an san shi ne kawai a cikin taqaitaccen tsari; shaidar kawai ita ce wani muhimmin ci gaba na Romawa da aka samu mil 4 a wajen Lancaster, tare da rubutun da ya ƙare L MP IIII, ma'ana "daga L - 4 mil,  It was rebuilt in stone about 102.kuma sunansa ya fara da L. Ƙila ana kiran sunan katangar Lunium.

An samo ruwan wanka na Roman a cikin 1812 kuma ana iya ganin su kusa da mahaɗar Bridge Lane da Church Street. Wataƙila akwai gidan wanka mai katanga na ƙarni na 4. Baho na Romawa sun haɗa rubutun da aka sake amfani da shi na Sarkin Gallic Postumus, wanda ya kasance daga 262 zuwa 266. Ƙarni na 3 ya kasance sansanin ala Sebosiana da lambar Barcariorum Tigrisiensium.

An gano tsohuwar bangon Wery a cikin 1950 a matsayin bangon arewa na katangar karni na 4, wanda ya kasance tsattsauran gyare-gyare na ƙarni na 3, yayin da yake riƙe da daidaito iri ɗaya. Ƙarƙarar ƙarfi ta baya ita ce misali ɗaya tilo a arewa maso yammacin Biritaniya na nau'in ƙarni na 4, tare da katafaren bangon labule da ginshiƙai masu tsinkaya na Saxon Shore ko Wales. Tsawaita fasahar har zuwa arewa kamar Lancaster ya nuna cewa ba a bar gabar tekun da ke tsakanin Cumberland da North Wales ba ta da tsaro bayan hare-haren gabar tekun yamma da bala'i a Tawayen Carauusi na 296, wanda ya biyo bayan wadanda ke karkashin Albinus a 197.

Kagara mafi girma ya rufe kadada 9-10 (4-4 ha).. Bayanai sun nuna cewa ana amfani da shi har zuwa karshen mamayar da Romawa suka yi wa Biritaniya. Titin Church da wasu Ƙofar St Leonard mai yiwuwa alama ce ta farkon hanyar Roman har zuwa kwarin zuwa katangar da ke kan Burrow.

Ba a san kadan game da Lancaster daga ƙarshen mulkin Romawa zuwa farkon karni na 5 da Nasara Norman na ƙarshen karni na 11. Duk da rashin cikakkun bayanai na lokacin, ana tunanin cewa Lancaster ya kasance a zaune. Ya kwanta a gefen masarautun Mercia da Northumbria kuma bayan lokaci yana iya wucewa daga wannan zuwa wancan. Shaidun archaeological sun nuna akwai gidan sufi akan ko kusa da wurin Lancaster Priory na yau a cikin 700s ko 800s. Anglo-Saxon runic "Cynibald's Cross" da aka samu a Priory a cikin 1807 ana tsammanin ya kasance daga ƙarshen karni na 9. Wataƙila Lancaster yana ɗaya daga cikin abbeys da yawa da aka kafa ƙarƙashin Wilfrid.

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