Alps
Alps (/ælps/)  su ne mafi girma kuma mafi girman tsarin tsaunukan da ke cikin Turai gaba ɗaya,   tana shimfiɗe kusan  a cikin ƙasashe bakwai masu tsayi (daga yamma zuwa gabas): Faransa, Switzerland, Italiya, Liechtenstein, Austria, Jamus, da Slovenia.  

Bakin Alpine gabaɗaya ya ƙaru daga Nice a yammacin Rum zuwa Trieste akan Adriatic da Vienna a farkon Basin Pannonian. An kafa tsaunukan sama da dubban miliyoyin shekaru yayin da  tectonic plates na Afirka da Eurasian suka yi karo. Matsakaicin raguwar abin da ya faru ya haifar da tsaunukan ruwa na ruwa suna tashi ta hanyar turawa da nadawa zuwa manyan tsaunuka kamar Mont Blanc da Matterhorn.

Mont Blanc ya mamaye iyakar Faransa da Italiya, kuma a  shine dutse mafi tsayi a cikin Alps. Yankin Alpine ya ƙunshi kololuwa 128 sama  da 4,000 m (13,000 ft).

Tsawon tsayin da girman kewayon yana shafar yanayi a Turai; A cikin tsaunuka, matakan hazo sun bambanta sosai kuma yanayin yanayi ya ƙunshi yankuna daban-daban. Dabbobin daji irin su ibex suna rayuwa a cikin kololuwa mafi girma zuwa tsayin , kuma tsire-tsire irin su edelweiss suna girma a wurare masu duwatsu a cikin ƙananun tudu da kuma a cikin mafi girma.

Shaida na mazaunin ɗan adam a cikin Alps yana komawa zuwa zamanin Palaeolithic. An gano wani mutun da aka yanke masa hukuncin zama shekaru 5,000 a kan wani glacier a kan iyakar Austria da Italiya a cikin shekarar 1991.

A karni na 6 BC, al'adun Celtic La Tène ya kafu sosai. Hannibal musamman ya ketare Alps tare da garken giwaye, kuma Romawa suna da ƙauyuka a yankin. A cikin shekarar 1800, Napoleon ya haye daya daga cikin dutsen da sojoji 40,000. Ƙarni na 18th da 19th sun ga kwararar masana halitta, marubuta, da masu fasaha, musamman, Romantics, wanda ya biyo bayan shekarun zinariya na alpinism yayin da masu hawan dutse suka fara hawan kololuwa.

Yankin Alpine yana da ƙaƙƙarfan asalin al'adu. Al'adun gargajiya na noma, cuku-cuku, da aikin itace har yanzu suna nan a ƙauyukan Alpine, kodayake masana'antar yawon buɗe ido ta fara girma a farkon ƙarni na 20 kuma ta faɗaɗa sosai bayan yakin duniya na biyu don zama masana'antar da ta mamaye a ƙarshen karni.

An shirya wasannin Olympics na lokacin sanyi a tsaunukan Swiss, Faransa, Italiya, Austrian da Jamus. Ya zuwa 2010, yankin ya zama gida ga 14 mutane miliyan 120 miliyan na shekara-shekara maziyirta.

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