Gobir
Gobir ( Demonym : Gobirawa ) birni ce, da ke a cikin Nijeriya a yanzu . Hausawa ne suka kafa ta a karni na 11, Gobir tana daya daga cikin masarautu bakwai na asali na kasar Hausa, kuma ya cigaba da mulkin ƙasar Hausa kusan shekaru 700. Babban birnin ta ita ce birnin Alkalawa . A farkon karni na 19 al'ummomin daular masu mulki sun gudu daga arewa zuwa kasar Nijar a yau inda wata daular adawa ta samu mulki a matsayin Sarkin Gobir ( Sarkin Gobir ) a Tibiri . A shekarar 1975 wani sarkin gargajiya ya sake zama a Sabon Birni, Nigeria .

Tarihi

Tarihin farko 
Gobir ɗaya ce daga cikin masarautu bakwai na asali na ƙasar Hausa, wanda ya samo asali tun ƙarni na 11. Gidan sarautar ya kasance a Alkalawa, a arewa maso yammacin ƙasar Hausa.

Fulani jihadi 
Ana tunawa da Gobir a matsayin babban dan adawar Fulani mai kawo sauyi a Musulunci Usman dan Fodio .  Bawa, mai sarautar Gobir, ga dukkan alamu ya kuma gayyaci dan Fodio yankin a shekarar 1774; Dan Fodio ya yi gidansa a cikin karamin garin Degel, kuma ya fara wa'azi. An baiwa Dan Fodio wani matsayi a cikin ilimin dan uwan Bawa kuma daga baya ya gaje shi, Yunfa (r. 1803-8), to amma kuma ya fito fili ya caccaki abin da yake gani a matsayin cin zarafi na Hausawa,  musamman nauyin da suka dora a kan matalauci. Sarki Nafata (r. 1797–98) ya sauya manufofin Bawa na hakuri, kuma ya ji tsoron karuwar makamai a tsakanin mabiya Dan Fodio. Sarakunan biyu na gaba sun bazu tsakanin matakan danniya da na sassaucin ra'ayi.

Lokacin da Yunfa ya hau kan karagar mulki a shekara ta 1803, nan da nan ya sami kansa cikin rikici da Dan Fodio, kuma bayan ya kasa kashe shi, Dan Fodio da mabiyansa suka yi gudun hijira daga Degel. Dan Fodio ya kuma mayar da martani inda ya tattaro kabilun Fulani makiyaya a matsayin runduna masu jihadi, inda aka fara yaƙin Fulani, daga karshe kuma aka kafa Daular Sokoto . Duk da wasu nasarorin farko da sojojin Gobir da na kasar Hausa suka samu (musamman a yakin Tsuntua ), Dan Fodio ya samu nasarar mamaye yankin da ke kewaye. Sojojinsa sun kwace babban birnin Gobir, Alkalawa, a watan Oktoban 1808, inda suka kashe Sarki Yunfa. Daga nan sai wani bangare ya mamaye jihar Sokoto.

Jirgin sama 
Sarkin Ali Dan Yakubu da Sarki Mayaki sun ci gaba da adawa da masu jihadi a arewa maso gabas. Da taimakon Sarkin Hausawan Katsina ya gina sabon babban birnin Gobir a Tibiri, 10. km arewa da Maradi a shekarar alif 1836. Lokacin da Sarkin Gobir ya yi wa Daular Sakkwato tawaye a waccan shekarar, Sarkin Musulmi Muhammadu Bello ya murkushe tawayen a yakin Gawakuke .  A nan Nijar a halin yanzu ana ci gaba da wanzuwa a tsohuwar daular Hausawa na Gobir. Wani reshe na daular yana da kujerarsa a Sabon Birni arewacin Sokoto a Najeriya .

Tsohon Sarkin Gobir Muhammadu Bawa ya yi sarauta a Sabon Birni daga shekarar alif 1975 zuwa 2004.

Manazarta

ambato

Littafi Mai Tsarki 

 "Usman dan Fodio." Encyclopædia Britannica Online, isa ga Satumba 30, 2005.
 F. Daniel " Shehu dan Fodio." Jaridar Royal African Society 25.99 (Apr 1926): 278-283.
 Kuhme, Walter. Das Königtum von Gobir, Hamburg 2003.
 Boubou Hama . Histoire du Gobir et de Sokoto. Presence africaine (Paris/Dakar), 1967.
 Jerin sarakunan Gobir
 Igba Rumun Vishigh. KIRISTOCI DA MUSULUNCI A CIKIN MAGANA: AREWA MASO YAMMA NIGERIA, 1960-1990. Jami'ar Jos, Nigeria (1997).
 Muhammad Share. Shehu Uthman Dan Fuduye' . Cibiyar Nazarin Musulunci - Afirka (1999).
 La vie d'une cour de chefferie : le Gobir hier et aujourd'hui . Zeinabou Gaoh, ONEP Maradi, Le Sahel (Nijar). Oktoba 30, 2009.