Cutar Koda
Cutar koda, wanda kuma aka sani da  nephrolithiasis ko urolithiasis, shine lokacin da wani abu mai ƙarfi (dutsen koda) ya tasowa a cikin urinary fili .  Duwatsun koda yawanci suna fitowa a cikin koda kuma suna barin jiki a cikin magudanar fitsari.  Ƙananan dutse na iya wucewa ba tare da haifar da alamun ba.  Idan dutse ya girma zuwa fiye da , yana iya haifar da toshewar magudanar fitsari, yana haifar da ciwo mai tsanani a ƙasan baya ko cikin ciki .   Hakanan dutse na iya haifar da jini a cikin fitsari, amai, ko fitsari mai raɗaɗi .  Kimanin rabin mutanen da suka sami ciwon koda za su sake samun wani a cikin  shekaru goma. 

Yawancin duwatsu suna samuwa ne saboda haɗuwar kwayoyin halitta da abubuwan muhalli.  Abubuwan haɗari sun haɗa da matakan calcium mai yawa na fitsari ; kiba ; wasu abinci; wasu magunguna; kari na calcium ; hyperparathyroidism ; gout da rashin shan isasshen ruwa.   Duwatsu suna samuwa a cikin koda lokacin da ma'adanai a cikin fitsari ke da yawa.  Ainihin ganewar asali yawanci yana dogara ne akan alamomi, gwajin fitsari, da hoton likita .  Gwajin jini kuma na iya zama da amfani.  Duwatsu yawanci ana rarraba su ta wurinsu: nephrolithiasis (a cikin koda), ureterolithiasis (a cikin ureter ), cystolithiasis (a cikin mafitsara ), ko kuma ta abin da aka yi su ( calcium oxalate, uric acid, struvite, cystine ). . 

A cikin wadanda suka samu duwatsu, rigakafin shi ne ta hanyar shan ruwa wanda ake samu fiye da lita biyu na fitsari a rana.  Idan wannan bai yi tasiri sosai ba, ana iya gwagwalada ɗaukar thiazide diuretic, citrate, ko allopurinol .  Ana ba da shawarar cewa a guji abubuwan sha masu laushi masu ɗauke da phosphoric acid (yawanci colas ).  Lokacin da dutse ba ya haifar da bayyanar cututtuka, ba a buƙatar magani .  In ba haka ba kula da ciwo yawanci shine ma'auni na farko, ta yin amfani da magunguna irin su magungunan anti-inflammatory marasa steroidal ko opioids .   Ana iya taimakawa manyan duwatsu su wuce tare da maganin tamsulosin  ko kuma na iya buƙatar hanyoyin kamar extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, ureteroscopy, ko nephrolithotomy percutaneous . 

Tsakanin kashi 1% zuwa 15% na mutane a duniya suna fama da ciwon koda a wani lokaci a rayuwarsu.  A cikin 2015, lokuta miliyan 22.1 sun faru,  wanda ya haifar da mutuwar kusan 16,100.  Sun zama ruwan dare gama gari a yammacin duniya tun shekarun 1970s.  Gabaɗaya, maza sun fi mata yawa.  Dutsen koda ya  shafi mutane a cikin tarihi tare da bayanin tiyata don cire su tun daga farkon 600 BC.

Manazarta