Elayne Jones
Elayne Viola Jones (30 Janairu, 1928 - 17 Disamba 2022) ɗan timpanist ɗan Amurka ne. Matar Ba’amurke Ba’amurke, ta karya tarkacen launi a cikin kiɗan gargajiya ta zama ɗan wasa Bakar fata na farko a wata babbar ƙungiyar makaɗa ta Amurka a 1972 kuma ita ce mamba ta huɗu a zauren Fam ɗin Percussive Arts Society Hall of Fame.

Rayuwar farko
An haifi Elayne Viola Jones a birnin New York a ranar 30 ga Janairu, 1928 a matsayin ɗa tilo na Cecil da Ometa waɗanda suka yi ƙaura daga Barbados. Ta fara koyon Piano tun tana shekara shida daga mahaifiyarta wacce aka yaudareta zuwa New York tare da tayin pianist amma ta zama mai tsabta saboda launinta. Da wannan, ta zama malamin piano na farko na 'yarta kuma ta motsa ta da kalmomi irin su "Laynie, za ku yi wani abu mai daraja. Ba za ku tsaftace benaye na fararen fata ba. Da lokaci, ta shiga ƙungiyar mawaƙa a St. Luke's Episcopal Church inda ta fi son raira waƙa kuma ba da daɗewa ba aka fallasa zuwa kiɗan Duke Ellington, Count Basie, da Frank Sinatra.

Ilimi 
Jones ya halarci makarantar sakandaren 'yan mata duka a Harlem kuma saboda ƙwarewar piano, an yarda da ita zuwa Makarantar Kiɗa da Fasaha; makarantar fitattu da dalibai daga dukkan gundumomi biyar na New York ke halarta. A cikin makarantar kiɗa, ana sa ran duk ɗaliban piano suma za su yi kayan aikin kaɗe-kaɗe kuma Jones ya ƙaunaci Violin amma ta bayyana cewa malaminta Isadore Russ ya gaya mata cewa tana da fata sosai kuma an ba ta ganga biyu maimakon a kan tunanin Negroes. da kari. Don haka, ta haɗa piano, timpani da waƙa tare a makarantar sakandare. 

A cikin Yuni 1995, Jones ya sauke karatu daga Makarantar Kiɗa da Fasaha wacce a halin yanzu aka sani da Makarantar Kiɗa da Fasaha ta LaGuardia. Ta sami Duke Ellington shida fitattun ɗalibai guraben karatu daga gundumomi biyar na New York duk da cewa ba mace kaɗai ba ce amma kuma baƙar fata. Tare da tallafin karatu, ta halarci Makarantar Kiɗa ta Juilliard inda ta zama ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ɗan wasan Philharmonic na New York, Saul Goodman. Ta kuma amfana daga Morris "Moe" Goldenberg wanda aka shigar da shi cikin zauren PAS na shahara shekaru biyu bayan Goodman. A shekarar 1948, ta samu difloma a fannin Timpani kuma a shekarar 1949 ta samu difloma ta difloma a fannin wasan wake-wake karkashin kulawar Saul Goodman.

Sana'a 
A farkon aikinta, ta fuskanci wariyar launin fata da wariyar jinsi. Jones ta duba yin aiki tare da Opera na birnin New York amma ta ji rashin son daukar ta saboda fatarta da jinsi. Koyaya, malaminta, Goodman ya shiga don tunatar da su abin da ta yi na ban mamaki. Ta zama baƙar fata ta farko da ta fara wasa a ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta opera a 1949 kuma ta yi aiki tare da kamfanin na tsawon shekaru goma sha ɗaya.Daga baya ta shiga ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta San Francisco Opera kuma ta yi aikin kai tsaye a cikin abubuwan nuna manyan biranen New York kamar Carousel, Kudancin Pacific, da Green Willow. A cikin 1958 ta sami damar yin wasa tare da New York Philharmonic kuma a cikin 1960 ta bar Opera ta New York don zama wani ɓangare na sabuwar ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta American Symphony Leopold Stokowski. A cikin 1972 ta sami aiki ta hanyar kallon makafi ta San Francisco Symphony a ƙarƙashin kulawar Seiji Ozawa wanda ya sa ta zama Ba'amurke ɗaya tilo da ta sami wannan matsayi a lokacin. Ta zama sananne a San Francisco wanda yawancin masu suka sun tabbatar da aikinta na ban mamaki. Heuwell Tircuit ta ba da shaida a cikin The San Francisco Chronicle na farkon fitowarta cewa "Wasan da ta yi ba shi da kyau sosai a cikin inganci, mutum yana samun titters kawai yana tunaninsa". Arthur Bloomfield wanda ita ce The San Francisco Examiner ta ba da rahoton cewa aikinta a San Francisco Opera ya kasance cikakke kuma yana jin cewa yana gab da fadowa daga wurin zamansa kuma an taɓa kiran ta a matsayin ɗan wasan timpanist. Hakanan, Jones ya ɗauki matsayi na koyarwa da yawa. A cikin birnin New York, ta sauƙaƙe a makarantu masu zuwa; Makarantar Kiɗa ta Metropolitan, Kwalejin Al'umma ta Bronx, da kuma Westchester Conservatory of Music. A cikin aikinta, ta gabatar da nunin lacca sama da 300 na kayan kida a makarantu da kwalejoji.

Wariyar launin fata da wariyar jinsi
Jones ta sha fama da wariyar launin fata da jinsi a cikin aikinta. Ta zaɓi hanyar da ta fi dacewa ga maza da fararen fata. Dole ne ta tabbatar da cewa duk wanda nake son shi zai iya kunna kiɗan ba tare da la'akari da jinsi da launi ba. Babbar gudunmawarta ita ce canje-canjen da ta yi ga labarin. Ta tabbatar da cewa ta fuskanci cin zarafi fiye da nuna bambancin jinsi. A cikin 1950 a lokacin yawon shakatawa na New York City Opera, Jones da abokin aikinta Blanche Birdsong sun tafi Chicago Opera House don shirye-shiryen farko don wasan kwaikwayo amma mai tsaron gida ya ki yarda ta shiga tare da furta "Ba mu bar Nigras a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo ba. Me ya sa ba za ku je Kudu inda kuke ba?, Har ila yau, a farkon aikinta, an tilasta mata ta kwanta a wasu matsuguni da aka tanada don Ba'amurke, yayin da abokan aikinta ke kwana a wani otal mai alfarma.

Ayyuka 
A cikin 1965, Jones, wasu mawakan Baƙar fata, da Benjamin Steinberg (mai gudanarwa) sun kafa Symphony na Sabuwar Duniya. Ita ce kungiyar kade-kade ta farko mai hade da launin fata a Amurka wacce ke baiwa mawakan baka damar yin repertore na kade-kade. Har ila yau, sun gabatar da makafi don kawar da kyamar launin fata. San Francisco Symphony ya yarda da shawarar kuma a cikin 1972 Jones ya buge mutane arba'in da makanta don samun kanta a kamfanin. Batun makaho al'ada ce da ake amfani da ita har yau.

Rigimar zaman lokaci 

A cikin 1974 wani kwamiti mai mutane bakwai ya kada kuri'ar adawa da ita da Ryohei Nakagawa. Jones ya kai ƙarar ƙungiyar Orchestra da ƙungiyar mawaƙa bisa tushen wariyar launin fata da jinsi. Duk da haka, an ƙyale ta ta sake buga wasa na tsawon shekara guda amma an kore ta lokacin da kotu ta ba da umarnin a sake kada kuri'a a watan Agustan 1975 kuma an ƙi ta. Ta ci gaba da yin aiki tare da San Francisco Opera har zuwa 1998 amma shari'arta da San Francisco Symphony ta kasance cece-kuce.

Rayuwa ta sirri
Jones ya sadu da George Kaufman a Adirondacks lokacin da take buga ganga a jazz gig 1952. Sun kasance da aure sama da shekaru goma. A lokacin rabuwarsu a 1964, sun haifi 'ya'ya uku Stephen, Harriett, da Cheryl

Mutuwa
Jones ya mutu a ranar 17 ga Disamba 2022 kuma a cewar 'yarta Cheryl Stanley dalilin mutuwar shi ne ciwon hauka.

Manazarta