Kwayar cutar Bakteriya
Bacteria, guda daya: bakterium ) suna da yawa a ko'ina,  kwayoyin halittu ne  masu rai galibi suna kunshe da kwayar halitta guda daya. Suna cikin  babban yanki na prokaryotic microorganisms . Yawancin girman  micrometers kadan a  a tsayi, ƙwayoyin cutar bakteriya cuta suna daga cikin sifofin rayuwa na farko da suka bayyana a duniya, kuma suna nan a yawancin wuraren zama. Bacteria suna zaune a cikin  ƙasa, ruwa, maɓuɓɓugan zafi na acidi, sharar re, da zurfin ɓawon burodi na duniya . Kwayoyin cuta suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a matakai da yawa na sake zagayowar abinci mai gina jiki, ta hanyar sake amfani da abubuwan gina jiki da daidaituwar nitrogen acikin  yanayi

Asalin kalma 
Kalmar bakteriya ita ce jam'i na bacterium Neo-Latin, wanda shine Latinization na tsohuwar Girkanci βακτήριον ( baktḗrion ),  ƙarancin βακτηρία ( baktēría ), ma'ana "ma'aikata, gwangwani] na farko",  wadanda za a gano sun kasance masu siffar sanda .  Kakannin kwayoyin cutar bakteriya kwayoyin cutane masu cell guda daya, wadanda sune farkon nau'in rayuwa da suka bayyana a Duniya, kimanin  shekaru biliyan da suka gabata. Kusan shekaru biliyan 3, yawancin kwayoyin halitta sun kasance ƙanananƙwayoyin cuta, kuma kwayoyin cuta na archaea sune manyan nau'o'in rayuwa.    Ko da yake akwai burbushin ƙwayoyin cuta, irin su stromatolites, rashin ilimin halittarsu na musamman ya hana a yi amfani da su don bincika tarihin juyin halittar ƙwayoyin cuta, ko kuma zuwa  lokacin asalin wani nau'in kwayoyin cuta. Duk da haka, ana iya amfani da jerin kwayoyin halitta don sake gina wasu kwayoyin cutar, kuma waɗannan nazarin sun nuna cewa kwayoyin cuta sun fara bambanta daga zuriyar archaeal / eukaryotic.

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