Taiwan
TTaiwan
TTaiwan

Taiwan, [upper-roman 2]  a hukumance Jamhuriyar Sin ( ROC ), [upper-roman 1]  ƙasa ce a Gabashin Asiya, a mahaɗar Tekun Gabas da Kudancin China a arewa maso yammacin Tekun Pasifik, tare da Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin (PRC) zuwa arewa maso yamma, Japan zuwa arewa maso gabas, da Philippines a kudu. Yankunan da ROC ke sarrafawa sun ƙunshi tsibiran 168,  tare da yanki mai .  Babban tsibirin Taiwan, wanda kuma aka fi sani da Formosa, yana da fadin , tare da tsaunin tsaunuka da ke mamaye gabas kashi biyu bisa uku da filayen fili a yamma na uku, inda yawan jama'arta ke da yawa. Babban birnin, Taipei, ta kasance tare da New Taipei City da Keelung mafi girma a yankin Taiwan. Sauran manyan biranen sun hada da Taoyuan, Taichung, Tainan, da Kaohsiung. Tare da kusan mutane miliyan 23.9, mazaunanta Taiwan tana cikin ƙasashe mafiya yawan jama'a a duniya.

An zauna a Taiwan akalla shekaru 25,000. Kakannin 'yan asalin Taiwan sun zauna a tsibirin kimanin shekaru 6,000 da suka wuce. A cikin karni na 17, manyan Sinanci na Han (musamman Hakkas da Hoklos) zuwa yammacin Taiwan ta fara a karkashin mulkin mallaka na Holland kuma ta ci gaba a karkashin Masarautar Tungning. Daular Qing ta kasar Sin ta mamaye tsibirin a shekara ta 1683 kuma ta mika shi ga daular Japan a shekara ta 1895. Jamhuriyar China wadda ta hambarar da gwamnatin Qing a shekara ta 1911, ta karbi iko da yankin Taiwan a madadin kawancen yakin duniya na biyu bayan mika wuya ga kasar Japan a shekarar 1945. Sake dawo da yakin basasar kasar Sin nan take ya haifar da asarar babban yankin kasar Sin ga sojojin kwaminisanci wadanda suka kafa jamhuriyar jama'ar kasar Sin, da jirgin gwamnatin tsakiya na ROC zuwa Taiwan a shekarar 1949. Ingancin ikon ROC tun yana iyakance ga Formosa, Penghu, da ƙananan tsibiran.

A farkon shekarar 1960, Taiwan ta shiga wani lokaci na saurin bunkasuwar tattalin arziki da masana'antu da ake kira "Mu'ujizar Taiwan".  A ƙarshen shekarar 1980s da farkon 1990s, ROC ta sauya sheka daga jam'iyya ɗaya a ƙarƙashin dokar yaƙi zuwa dimokuradiyya mai yawan jam'iyyu, tare da zaɓaɓɓun shugabannin ta hanyar dimokuradiyya tun a 1996. Tattalin arzikin masana'antu na Taiwan mai dogaro da kai zuwa ketare shi ne na 21 mafi girma a duniya ta hanyar GDP na musamman kuma na 19 mafi girma ta matakan PPP, tare da mai da hankali kan masana'antar karafa, injina, lantarki da sinadarai. Taiwan kasa ce mai ci gaba,   tana matsayi na 20 a kan GDP na kowane mutum. Tana da daraja sosai dangane da 'yancin ɗan adam,  kiwon lafiya,  da ci gaban ɗan adam. [lower-alpha 13] 

Matsayin siyasar Taiwan yana da rikici.  ROC ba ta wakiltar kasar Sin a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, bayan da mambobin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya suka kada kuri'a a 1971 don amincewa da PRC maimakon.  ROC ta ci gaba da da'awar cewa ita ce kadai halaltacciyar wakiliyar kasar Sin da yankinta, ko da yake an yi watsi da hakan tun bayan samun dimokradiyya a shekarun 1990. Taiwan na da'awar PRC, wanda ya ƙi dangantakar diflomasiyya da ƙasashen da suka amince da ROC. Taiwan na kula da huldar diflomasiyya a hukumance tare da kasashe 13 cikin 193 na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da kuma Holy see,    ko da yake wasu da yawa suna ci gaba da huldar diflomasiyya ta hanyar ofisoshin wakilai da cibiyoyi da ke aiki a  ofisoshin jakadanci da ofisoshin jakadanci. Ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa waɗanda PRC ke shiga a ciki ko dai sun ƙi ba da izinin zama memba zuwa Taiwan ko kuma su ba ta damar shiga ba ta jiha ba a ƙarƙashin sunaye daban-daban. A cikin gida, babbar takaddamar siyasa ita ce tsakanin jam'iyyun da ke goyon bayan hadewar kasar Sin a nan gaba, da inganta matsayin kasar Sin, sabanin wadanda ke neman karbuwa a duniya a hukumance, da kuma daukaka matsayin Taiwan; a cikin karni na 21, dukkanin bangarorin biyu sun daidaita matsayinsu don fadada roko.

Manazarta 

Taiwan
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba