Epistemology
Epistemology  (/ɪˌpɪstəˈmɒlədʒi/); daga ancient Greek ἐπιστήμη), ko ka'idar ilimi, shine reshe na falsafar da ke da alaka da ilimi. Epistemology ana daukarsa a matsayin babban reshe na  falsafa, tare da wasu manyan reshina kamar su ɗa'a, dabaru, da metaphysics. 

Epistemologists suna nazarin yanayi, asali, da iyakokin ilimi, hujjar al'ada, haƙiƙanin imani, da batutuwa daban-daban masu alaƙa. Muhawara a cikin ilimin kimiya na zamani gabaɗaya an taru a kusa da mahimman fage guda huɗu:  

 Binciken falsafa na yanayin ilimi da yanayin da ake buƙata don imani ya zama ilimi, kamar gaskiya da gaskatawa.
 Mabubbugar ilimi da ingantaccen imani, kamar fahimta, dalili, ƙwaƙwalwa, da shaida
 Tsarin jigon ilimi ko gaskatawar gaskiya, gami da ko duk ingantattun imani dole ne a samo su daga ingantattun imani na tushe ko kuma gaskatawa na buƙatar kawai jigon imani.
 Shakkun falsafa, wanda ke tambayar yiwuwar ilimi, da kuma matsalolin da suka danganci, kamar ko shakka yana haifar da barazana ga da'awar iliminmu na yau da kullum da kuma ko zai yiwu a karyata hujjoji masu shakka.

A cikin waɗannan muhawarori da sauran su, ilimin ilmin halitta yana nufin amsa tambayoyi kamar "Me muka sani?"  "Me ake nufi da cewa mun san wani abu?"  "Mene ne ke sa gaskatawar gaskatawa ta zama barata?", da "Ta yaya muka san cewa mun sani?".    
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