Tectonics
Tectonics ( from Latin tectonicus ; from Tsohon Girkanci  tektonikós    )  su ne hanyoyin da ke sarrafa tsari da kaddarorin ɓawon ƙasa da juyin halittarta cikin lokaci. Waɗannan sun haɗa da tafiyar matakai na ginin dutse, girma da halayen masu ƙarfi, tsoffin cibiyoyi na nahiyoyi da aka sani da cratons, da kuma hanyoyin da ƙananan faranti waɗanda suka ƙunshi harsashi na duniya ke hulɗa da juna. Tectonics kuma suna ba da tsarin fahimtar girgizar ƙasa da bel ɗin volcanic waɗanda ke shafar yawancin al'ummar duniya kai tsaye.

Nazarin Tectonic yana da mahimmanci a matsayin jagorori ga masana tattalin arzikin ƙasa masu neman burbushin mai da ma'adinan tama na ƙarfe da albarkatun ƙasa. Fahimtar ka'idodin tectonic yana da mahimmanci ga masu ilimin geomorphologists don bayyana yanayin zaizayar ƙasa da sauran fasalulluka na duniya.

Babban nau'ikan tsarin tectonic

Extensional tectonics 
 
Extensional tectonics yana hade da mikewa da bakin ciki na ɓawon burodi ko lithosphere . Ana samun irin wannan nau'in tectonics a iyakokin faranti daban-daban, a cikin ɓangarorin nahiyoyi, a lokacin da kuma bayan wani lokaci na karo na nahiyoyi da ke haifar da yaɗuwar ɓawon burodin da aka yi a kaikaice, a sakin lanƙwasa a cikin kurakuran yajin aiki, a cikin kwandon baya-basins, da kuma a ƙarshen nahiya na jeri na gefe mara iyaka inda Layer ke akwai.

Tuba (contractional) tectonics 
 
Thrust tectonics yana da alaƙa da raguwa da kauri na ɓawon burodi, ko lithosphere. Ana samun irin wannan nau'in tectonics a yankuna na karo na nahiyoyi, a kan hana lanƙwasa cikin kurakuran yajin aiki, da kuma a gefen tekun na jeri mai wucewa inda wani Layer ke nan.

Yajin-zamewa tectonics 
Tectonics-slip-slip yana da alaƙa da motsi na gefe na dangi na sassan ɓawon burodi ko lithosphere. Ana samun irin wannan nau'in tectonics tare da kurakuran canjin teku da na nahiyoyi waɗanda ke haɗa ɓangarori na tsaunukan tsakiyar teku . Slip-slip tectonics shima yana faruwa a ɓangarorin gefe a cikin tsawaitawa da tsarin kuskure . A cikin wuraren da ke da hatsaniya ta faranti, nakasar yajin zamewa tana faruwa a cikin farantin da ke kan hawa sama a cikin ɓangarorin da aka yi karo da juna kuma yana ɗaukar nakasar a cikin ƙasan gaba zuwa bel ɗin karo.

Plate tectonics 
A cikin farantin tectonics, mafi girman ɓangaren duniya da aka sani da lithosphere ( ɓawon gashi da babba) yana aiki azaman Layer na inji guda ɗaya. Lithosphere ya kasu kashi daban-daban "faranti" waɗanda ke motsawa dangi da juna akan tushe, ƙarancin asthenosphere mai rauni a cikin wani tsari da ke haifar da ci gaba da asarar zafi daga cikin duniya. Akwai manyan nau'ikan iyakokin faranti guda uku: divergent, inda faranti ke motsawa baya da juna kuma an kafa sabon lithosphere a cikin tsarin shimfidar bene na teku ; canza, inda faranti suna zamewa da juna, kuma masu haɗuwa, inda faranti ke haɗuwa kuma ana "cinye" lithosphere ta hanyar ƙaddamarwa . Iyakoki masu jujjuyawa da canzawa sune ke da alhakin yawancin manyan girgizar asa na duniya ( M <sub id="mwUQ">w</sub> > 7 . Iyakoki masu jujjuyawa da mabanbanta suma sune wurin da galibin tsaunuka na duniya suke, kamar kewayen Zoben Wuta na Pacific . Yawancin nakasawa a cikin lithosphere yana da alaƙa da hulɗar tsakanin faranti a ko kusa da iyakokin faranti.

Sauran fannonin karatun tectonic

Gishiri tectonics 
Gishiri tectonics ya shafi tsarin geometries da tsarin nakasar da ke da alaƙa da kasancewar manyan kauri na gishirin dutse a cikin jerin duwatsu. Wannan ya faru ne saboda ƙarancin ƙarancin gishiri, wanda ba ya ƙaruwa tare da binnewa, da ƙarancin ƙarfinsa.

Neotectonics 
Neotectonics shine nazarin motsi da nakasar ɓawon burodi na duniya ( tsarin yanayin ƙasa da tsarin geomorphological ) waɗanda suke a halin yanzu ko kwanan nan a lokacin yanayin ƙasa .  Kalmar na iya nufin motsi da nakasu da kansu. Matsakaicin lokacin daidai ana kiransa da lokacin neotectonic . Saboda haka, lokacin da ya gabata ana kiransa da lokacin palaeotectonic .

Tectonophysics 
Tectonophysics shine nazarin tsarin tafiyar da jiki da ke da alaƙa da nakasar ɓawon burodi da alkyabba daga sikelin kowane nau'in ƙwayar ma'adinai har zuwa na faranti na tectonic.

Seismetectonics 
Seismetectonics shine nazarin alakar da ke tsakanin girgizar kasa, tectonics masu aiki, da kurakuran mutum a cikin yanki. Yana neman fahimtar waɗanne laifuffuka ne ke da alhakin ayyukan girgizar ƙasa a cikin wani yanki ta hanyar nazarin haɗaɗɗun tectonics na yanki, abubuwan da aka yi rikodin kayan aikin kwanan nan, asusun girgizar ƙasa na tarihi, da shaidar geomorphological. Ana iya amfani da wannan bayanin don ƙididdige haɗarin girgizar ƙasa na yanki.

Tasirin tectonics 
Tasirin tectonics shine nazarin gyare-gyare na lithosphere ta hanyar babban tasirin tasirin abubuwan fashewa.

Planetary tectonics 
Hakanan an yi amfani da dabarun da aka yi amfani da su wajen nazarin fasahar tectonics a duniya wajen nazarin taurari da watanninsu.

Duba kuma 
 

 Tectonophysics
 Seismology
 Glarus Thrust yana da wurin tarihi na UNESCO
 Volcanology
 Mohorovičić katsewa

Nassoshi

Kara karantawa 

 Edward A. Keller (2001) Tectonics masu aiki: Girgizar ƙasa, Haɗawa, da Gidan Wuta na Prentice; Bugu na 2, 
 Stanley A. Schumm, Jean F. Dumont da John M. Holbrook (2002) Tectonics Active da Alluvial Rivers, Jami'ar Jami'ar Cambridge; Sake bugawa,

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje 

 Asalin da Makanikai na Sojojin da ke da alhakin Motsin Tectonic Plate
 Aikin Paleomap

Totori
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