Photography
Ɗaukar hoto shine fasaha, aikace-aikace, da kuma aiki na ƙirƙirar hotuna masu ɗorewa ta hanyar rikodin ɗin haske, ko dai ta hanyar lantarki ko ta hanyar firikwensin hoto, ko kuma ta hanyar sinadarai ta hanyar wani abu mai haske kamar fim na hoto. Ana amfani da shi a fannonin kimiyya da yawa, masana'antu (misali, ɗaukar hoto), da kasuwanci, da kuma ƙarin amfani da shi kai tsaye don fasaha, samar da fim da bidiyo, dalilai na nishaɗi, sha'awa, da sadarwar jama'a.

Yawanci, ana amfani da ruwan tabarau don mai da hankali kan hasken da ke haskakawa ko fitowa daga abubuwa zuwa hoto na gaske akan saman da ke da haske a cikin kamara yayin fiddawar lokaci. Tare da firikwensin hoton lantarki, wannan yana samar da cajin lantarki a kowane pixel, wanda aka sarrafa ta hanyar lantarki kuma ana adana shi a cikin fayil ɗin hoto na dijital don nuni ko aiki na gaba. Sakamakon tare da emulsion na daukar hoto shine hoton da ba a iya gani ba, wanda daga baya ya zama ya "haɓaka" ta hanyar kimiyya a cikin hoto mai gani, ko dai korau ko tabbatacce, dangane da manufar kayan daukar hoto da kuma hanyar sarrafawa. Hoto mara kyau akan fim ana amfani da shi azaman al'ada don ƙirƙirar hoto mai kyau akan tushe takarda, wanda aka sani da bugu, ko dai ta amfani da ƙara girma ko ta hanyar buga lamba.

Etymology 
An kirkiri  kalmar "hoton hoto" daga tushen Girkanci φωτός (photós), genitive of φῶς (phos), "haske"  da γραφή ( graphé ) "wakilta ta hanyar layi" ko "zane",  tare. ma'ana "zane da haske". 

Wataƙila mutane da yawa sun ƙirƙiri sabon kalma ɗaya daga waɗannan tushen da kansu. Hercules Florence, mai zanen Farans kuma mai ƙirƙira da ke zaune a Campinas, Brazil, ya yi amfani da kalmar Faransanci na kalmar, hoto, a cikin bayanan sirri wanda wani ɗan tarihin Brazil ya yi imanin an rubuta shi a cikin shekarar 1834.  Ana ba da rahoton wannan ikirari amma har yanzu ba a san shi sosai a duniya ba. Farkon amfani da kalmar da mai kirkiro Franco-Brazil ya zama sananne sosai bayan binciken Boris Kossoy a 1980. 

Jaridar Vossische Zeitung ta Jamus ta ranar 25 ga watan  Fabrairun 1839 ta ƙunshi labarin mai suna Hoton hoto, yana tattauna da'awar fifiko da yawa-musamman Henry Fox Talbot 's-game da da'awar Daguerre na ƙirƙira.  Labarin shine farkon sanannen faruwar kalmar a cikin bugu na jama'a.  An rattaba hannu kan "JM", wanda aka yi imanin shi ne masanin taurari na Berlin Johann von Maedler.  Masanin ilmin taurari Sir John Herschel shi ma an lasafta shi da ƙirƙirar kalmar, mai zaman kanta daga Talbot, a cikin shekarar 1839.

Masu ƙirƙira Nicéphore Niépce, Talbot, da Louis Daguerre da alama ba su san ko amfani da kalmar "hoton hoto ba", amma suna magana da tsarin su kamar "Heliography" (Niépce), "Zana Hoto"/"Talbotype"/"Calotype" (Talbot). ), da "Daguerreotype" (Daguerre).

Manazarta 

Webarchive template wayback links
Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba