South African rand
South African rand, bee jia ŋmaabu rand, (sign: R; code: ZAR)  nyɛla "Southern African Common Monetary Area:" South Africa, Namibia (ka di diri ni Namibian dollar), Lesotho (di diri mi ni Lesotho loti) n-ti pahi Eswatini (ka di diri ni Swazi lilangeni). Di pirigi la 100 cents (sign: "c").

South African rand nyɛla niriba pam ni laɣim diri shɛli , Namibia, Lesotho n-ti pahi Eswatini, ka lala tiŋgbana dibaa ata ŋɔ gba lahi mali bɛ zuɣu liɣiri (ni ni n-nyɛ dollar,  loti n-ti pahi lilangeni zaŋ doli taba) ka chani doli "rand" ka kuli nyɛ din saɣiti yaɣa pam. Rand daa nyɛla liɣiri din diri Botswana hali ni yuuni 1976,  pula ni daa yina ti zani n-ti "rand","par" zaani.

Bachi yibu na shee 

Rand yuli yimi na Witwatersrand puuni ("ko'piɛla' dubu" silimiinsili puuni, rand nyɛla Dutch mini Afrikaans bachi 'dubu'), kunkuni shɛli zuɣu Johannesburg ni mɛ n-tam ni South Africasalima pam ni yina luɣ'shɛli. Silimiinsili mini Afrikaans puuni, di bɔbigu mini zaɣi gaŋa ("rand") nyɛla yim:  rand yini, rand pia,  rand miliyɔŋ dibaa ayi.

Taarihi 
Rand daa tuui mi yina n-ti Union of South Africa yuuni 1961, tiŋ ŋɔ ni daa deei maŋ sulinsi chira ata nyaaŋa. Laɣibaligu yihibu na niya daa niŋya yuuni 1956 ni di yihi dalima tibu kamani "pounds", "shillings", n-tin pahi "pence"; di gbaabu daa zaŋ ti silimiin goli 8 August 1958. Di daa zani mi n-ti South African pound liɣiri din saɣi ni di di salo ni, ni dubu 2 rand zaŋ chaŋ 1 pound, bee 10 shillings zaŋ chaŋ rand. Gɔmnanti daa yina ni mascot, Decimal Dan, "the rand-cent man" (Afrikaans ni mi shɛli ni Daan Desimaal). Bɛ daa zaŋ radiyo moli dolisi din bɔŋɔ, ni bɛ wuligi lahabali n-ti salo zaŋ chaŋ laɣ'palli yibu na. Di mini bɛ moli li Afrikaans  ni ni /rʌnt/  radiyo maa molibu ji, di bolibu South African English nyɛla  /rænd/.

Taɣibu taarihi zaɣ'ŋmaa

1961–2000 
thumb|450x450px|Value of the South African rand to the United States dollar from 1975 to 2015 by the blue columns:  The percentage rate of change year-on-year is shown by the black line.

Rand zaɣi yini danko daa nyɛla US$1.40 (R0.72 dollar yini kam zuɣu) di ni yina saha shɛli zaŋ na ni yuuni 1961 zaŋ chaŋ yuuni 1971 bahigu, ka U.S. dollar daa niŋ kpɛŋ n-gari South Africa liɣiri tuuli silimiin goli 15 March 1982.Di danko daa chaŋ gabi din nyaaŋa  South Africa kpamba nuu ni daa kpe dini. Zaŋ chaŋ 1980s piligu, binyɛra daa zuɣusaa dubu mini siyaa tali yɛlimuɣisira daa laɣim taba . Ligiri maa daa kabi yaɣi dollar dolibu zuɣu tuuli silimiin goli March 1982, ka daa tuɣi dari R1 mini R1.30 sunsuuni zaŋ chaŋ dollar polo zaŋ hali ni silimiin goli June 1984, liɣiri ŋɔ tiŋ sheebu nidaa nyɛ naba zani. Zaŋ chaŋ silimiin goli February 1985,di daa dari yaɣi R2 dollar yini kam zuɣu,ka zaŋ chaŋ silimiin goli July lala yuuni maa ni, di taɣibu ni tiŋduya daa na nyɛla bɛ ni che shɛli din kuli yan di ka di siɣi tiŋa.

Zaŋ chaŋ saha shɛli tiŋgbani maa zuɣulana P. W. Botha ni daa ti o "Rubicon" lahabali silimiin goli 15 August 1985, di lu la tiŋa ni R2.40 dollar yini zuɣu ni. Liɣiri maa daa lahi nyɛ danko shɛli yuuni 1986 zaŋ chaŋ 1988, ka dari miri ti R2. Di lala danko ŋɔ daa bi yuui, amaa, zaŋ chaŋ yuuni 1989 bahigu, rand daa dari pam zaŋ chaŋ R2.50 dollar yini kam zuɣu.

Di ni daa neei doni yuuni 1990s piligu ni tiŋgbani maa nyɛla di n ni ti su gbansabila pam ni taɣibu yim zaŋ chaŋ din bala maa molibu nyaaŋa,tiŋgbani maa byim zanibu kalinsi daa kpaŋsi di nyaaŋa labbu hali ni R 3 zaŋ chaŋ  dollar polo daa ŋmaai ya silimiin goli November 1992. Tiŋgbani puuni mini tiŋduya laɣinsi ʒinibu tiŋa ŋɔ ni daa mali nuu timbu, din yi polo pam n-nyɛ yuuni 1994 piibu piibu, din gbarigili chaŋ R3.60 n-ti dollar, Tito Mboweni piibu ka o niŋ tiŋgbani zuɣulana n-ti South African Reserve Bank, n-ti pahi tuuli tiŋgbani tiŋgbani zuɣulana Thabo Mbeki yuuni 1999, din sirigi li yom yom chaŋ R6 ni dollar. Tiŋgbani taɣibu yɛli gola daa pili ya Zimbabwe, ka  September 11, 2001 attacks daa doli na, ka di zaŋ li chaŋ gabrigibu ni yɛlimaŋli taarihi puuni  R13.84 zaŋ ti dollar slimiin goli December 2001.

2001–2011 
thumb|240x240px|Two generations of older notes and coins: The notes of the latter of these two generations (as depicted by the R5 note in this image) were replaced with the iconic "Big Five" notes and these were recently updated to show the face of Nelson Mandela.
 
Di tiŋa sheebu yim yuuni 2001 nyɛla din ʒi vihigu din nyɛ pali na, ka di zuɣu chɛ ka di nyɛ naba zuɣu zanibu ni dɛma. Zaŋ chaŋ yuuni 2002 bahigu, liɣiri maa daa dari mi ni R9 zaŋ chaŋ dollar polo yaha, ka zaŋ chaŋ yuuni 2004  bahigu ka di dari  R5.70 ni dollar. Liɣiri maa daa baligiya zaŋ chaŋ yuuni 2005, ka daa dari kamani R6.35 zaŋ chaŋ dollar polo yuuni maa bahigu. Yuuni 2006 piligu,amaa, daa lahi labi na di biɛhigu ni, ka zaŋ chaŋ silimiin goli 19 January 2006, di daa dari la R6 zaŋ chaŋ dllar polo. Amaa, yuuni maa pirigili zaŋ chaŋ buta ni ha, 2006 (i.e. April zaŋ chaŋ September),  rand danko daa lu tiŋa pam.

Zaŋ chaŋ sterling polo, di daa lu mi ni vaabu 9.5% zaŋ hali ni vaabu 7%, ka kɔŋ di vaabu  25% zaŋ chaŋ tiŋduya dabu polo chira dibaa ayɔbu sunsuuni. Yuuni 2007 bahigu, rand daa chaŋ ya yaɣi vaabu 8%, ka da ti kuli sirigi yim yuuni 2008 piligu.

Di lala tiŋa lubu ŋɔ ni tooi nyɛ yɛla pam zuɣu: South Africa laɣishɛli din be bɛ pɔŋ ni filimbu, din yɛligi chaŋ yuun pihita ni ayɔbu (36‑year) vaabu 7.3% zaŋ ti (GDP) yuuni 2007; binyɛra daa dubu bunu zuɣu zaŋ ti vaabu 9%; ka mali pɔhli zaŋ ti dunia zaa di ni niŋ ka daabihi daa mali zaɣa ni barina nima din be din ni la; ni yiɣibu zaŋ ti salo zaa "safe havens", ni di zo ka che di barina din yan yina din ni. Rand ŋɔ tiŋ'sheebu ŋɔ daa bi niŋ nyaɣisim ti Eskom niɣilim buɣim yɛlimuɣisira, din daa du ka di daliri nyɛla tiŋgbani ŋɔ bi tooi niŋ di yɛlimuɣisira la.

2012-zaŋ kana zuŋɔ 
Tiŋgbani ni salima gbibu tuma du zuɣu yuuni 2012 daa tahi tiŋ sheebu zaɣ'pala na yuuni 2013. Silimiin goli January 2014 bahigu, rand daa na sirigi mi ti be R11.25 ni dollar, ka baŋdiba nya di tirisibu zaŋ chaŋ "bachi din yina US Federal Reserveni din yihi gɔmnanti farigu, din che ka dabibihi ban na zoori na kohi pam." Yuuni2014, South Africa daa nyɛ di yuun biɛɣu zaŋ chaŋ US dollar polo tum yuuni 2009, ka zaŋ chaŋsilimiin goli March 2015,rand traded daa da dari biɛɣu yuuni 2002. Lala saha, Kohimma ni damma daabihi daa yina ni lahabali ni rand "sunsuuni R4.97 zaŋ chaŋ dollar yuuni 1972–2015, du mi paari R12.45 silimiin goli December 2001 ka sabi tiŋgbani ni sheebu  bɛla R0.67 silimiin goli June yuuni 1973." Yuuni 2014 bahigu,  rand danko daa lu mi ni R15.05 zaŋ ti dollar zaɣi yini.
 
Silimiin goli 9–13 December 2015,rand daa shee ya ni vaabu 10% dini daaa niŋ ka shɛba zilisi ni di nyɛla zuɣulana Zuma ni moli ni o yan taɣi la "Finance Minister" Nhlanhla Nene n-ti David van Rooyen niriba pam ni daa bi mi so. .

Di silimiin goli January danko tiŋ lubu daa lahi nyɛ Japanese daabihi ban dari ti kɔhiri ni daa ŋmaari bɛ sama bahiri liɣiri polo ni bɛ nya daabilgu liɣiri ku n-niŋ shɛli din mali anfaani luɣishɛŋa n-ti pahi China daabiligu tiŋa donibu, South Africa daabiligu tiŋ kaarili.  Zaŋ chaŋ silimiin goli January sunsuuni, 
Zaŋ chaŋ silimiin goli 29 April, di daa du zuɣusaa duri maŋli n-gari chira dibaa anu nyaaŋa, ka taɣiri ni  R14.16 zaŋ ti  United States dollar.

Zaŋ chaŋ United Kingdom vootibu ni bɛ yi ka che European Union, rand dankop daa luya ni vaabu 8% n- dalim ni US$ silimiin goli 24 June 2016, dahin yini tiŋ lubu pam tum yuuni 2008.  

Silimiin goli April 2017,  "Reuters" daa buɣisiya ni rand kuli yan za la luɣiyini hali ka yuuni maa ti naai, di ni daa niŋ ka yaɣa dibaa ayi pun nya ka dama dini tooi labi nyaaŋa ni "junk" zaashee. Lala saha, Moody daa buɣisi la South Africa  "junk status" zuɣusaa dubu buyi. Di ni daa niŋ ka tiŋgbani zuɣulana Jacob Zuma daa birim South Africa yuuni August 2017, rand daa kuli sirigiri mi, ka sheeri ni vaabu 1.7% lala dabisili ŋɔ. Silimiin goli September 2017, Goldman Sachs daa yɛliya ni Eskom Holdings sama mini kɔrinfahili, n daa nyɛ pohili zaɣi titali n-ti  South Africa daaabiligu mini  rand taɣibu . Lala saha, di daa ka  CEO ŋun zani n tuhili, ka Colin Coleman ŋun yina Goldman Sachs din be Africa daa yɛli ni kompini maa "gbaari la shaawara zaŋ chaŋ maligu polo" ni di nyɛ ban yan gbubi li viɛyɛla. Silimiin goli October 2017, rand daa lahi zani viɛnyɛla ni  US dollar di ni daa niŋ ka di yi di chira ayɔbu luu la ni. Reuters daa nɔ n-chibi ni "South Africa nyɛla din be barina ni zaŋ caŋ dunia daabihi polo di ni niŋ ka tiŋgbani maa dumba tiŋduya liɣiri ni di zani di naba zuɣu la." Silimiin goli 13 November 2017, rand daa lu ya ni vaabu 1% Michael Sachs kpɛma ni daa yiɣisi o nam ni Zuma gɔmnanti saha.

Silimiin goli October 2022, rand daa shee tiŋgbani ni ni yɛlimaŋli yuma ayi sunsuuni, ka chaŋ hali ni R18.46 zaŋ ti US dollar silimiin goli 25 October 2022.

Laɣ'baligu 

thumb|A 5-rand bimetallic coin issued in 2004
Laɣibaligu daa tuui mi yina yuuni 1961 ka mali kalinli dalinli , 1, , 5, 10, 20, n-ti pahi 50 cents. Yuuni 1965, 2 cent daa yina ti zani n-ti  cent laɣ'baligu.   cent daa yina mi bahigu ti bɛni gɔrigindi yuuni 1973. 1 rand laɣ'baligu daa yina yuuni 1967, ka 2-rand laɣ'baligu daa yina yuuni 1989 ka 5 rand daa yina yuuni 1994.  1 mini 2 cent laɣ'baligu ŋmabu daa chɛya yuuni 2002, ka 5 cent laɣ'baligu daa yina yuuni 2012, amaa binyɛra daa zuɣusaa duba daa booi di jilima, amaa ka di na kuli dira. Shitori nima tooi  voori la bɛ binyara daa chani ti zaani 10 cents (ka di niŋdi viɛnyɛla ti ban dara).

Kpaŋ maŋa zaŋ chaŋ laɣ'yoya ŋmabu zuɣu,  5-rand laɣ'baligu daa yina silimiin goli August 2004. Ashili nahingbana din be laɣibaligu ŋɔ zuɣu n-nyɛ kuriti dibaa ayi dizaai (din ŋmani €1 mini €2 coins,  Thai ฿10 laɣ'baligu la, yuuni-2018 Philippine ₱10 laɣ,baligu daa daŋ yina, British £2 laɣ'baligu, n-ti pahi Canadian $2 laɣ'baligu), ashili bini din gili di naŋgbana ni bachi bihi bihi.

Silimiin goli 3 May 2023, South African Reserve Bank daa moli laɣ'baligu zaɣi pala yihibu na. ka di yan mali kalinli dalinli nahingbana ka di daa pun bɛni maa. 10c yan mali la "Cape Honey Bee" anfooni, 20c mi yan mali la "Bitter Aloe" anfooni, ka 50c mali Knysna Turaco anfooni,  R1 mi yan mali la Springbok anfooni,  R2 mi yan mali la anfooni Protea, ka R5 mi mali "Southern Right Whale" anfooni.

Banki liɣiri 
Tuuli rand banki liɣiri daa yihimi na yuuni 1961 ka mali kalinli dalima 1, 2, 10, hali ni 20 rand, ka di kom mini diaai nyɛ yim ni pound gbana din daa pun bɛni la, din yan chɛ ka di yi n looi bi niŋ tɔm. Di mali la binshɛɣu anfooni bɛ ni daa dihi tabili lala saha ni di nyɛla "Jan van Riebeeck", tuuli V.O.C. kpɛma zaŋ ti Cape Town. Bɛ daa ti baŋ ya ni lala anfooni ŋɔ pa la Van Riebeeck ,Bartholomeus Vermuyden ka bɛ daa gabi ti Van Riebeeck. kamani pound gbaŋ din daa yina bahigu, bɛ daa pirinti li mi balli dibaa ayi,yini daa sabi mi ni Silimiinsili ka yini mi sabi ni Afrikaans.

Yuuni 1966, laɣi pala daa yina ka di dizai be di ko ka chɛ pound gbaŋ kura maa. Di daa mali la kalinli dalima 5 n-ti pahi 10 rand ka di yini kam mali ko'yini.  1 rand gbaŋ bila daa yina ni lala tabɔ dizai yuuni 1973 ka 2 rand gbaŋ yina yuuni 1974.  20 rand din daa bɛni tuuli maa daa yihi ya. Laɣ'gbana maa zaa daa mali la Jan van Riebeeck anfooni. Silimiinsili mini Afrikaans zaa dina na kuli nyɛla din bɛni.

Yuuni 1978 liɣiri dalinli kalibu daa piliya ni 2, 5, 10 hali ni 20 rand, ni 50 rand daa yina yuuni 1984. Lala liɣiri ŋɔ mali la bali yini di zaa yini kam zuɣu. Afrikaans n- daa nyɛ tuuli balli be 2, 10, mini 50 rand zuɣu, ka silimiinsili nyɛ tuuli balli m-be 5 mini 20 rand zuɣu. Laɣ'baligu daa yina ti zani 1 rand gbaŋ zaani.
thumb|South African ATM showing R 50 and R 100 banknotes.
1990s saha, laɣ'gbana maa daa labi dizaani ni mɔɣini binkɔbiri zaɣ'kara dibaa anu. 10, 20 n-ti pahi 50 rand gbana daayina yuuni 1992 & 1993, ka di kom na kuli nyɛ yim ni tuuli dini maa. Laɣibaligu daa yina ti 2 mini 5 rand, ka zani n-ti di laɣ'kura din daa nyɛ gbana maa, ka di daliri nyɛla di ni daa chahiri yom ka lahi nyahiri la zuɣu. Yuuni 1994, 100 mini 200 rand gbana daa yina.

Yuuni 2005 din mali dizaani yinsi, amaa ashili nahingbana kamani "colour-shifting ink" din be 50 rand zaŋ du zuɣusaa mini EURion constellation. Di zaa tooni daa pirinti mi ni silimiinsili, ka bala dibaa ayi din saɣiti daa sabi tabili di nyaaŋa, di ni n-ny7ɛ di zaŋ bala pia ni yini din zaa be South Africa tum tuma.

Yuuni 2010,  South African Reserve Bank mini commercial banks daa yihi yuuni 1994 liɣiri din nyɛ 200-randgbana pirim la di laɣ'biɛri ni daa zooi pahi bɛni la.

Yuuni 2011, South African Reserve Bank daa yin nia 100 rand laɣi gbana din bi niŋ tabata dini ni daa naan ku tooi nya UV lightni la. Silimiin goli June, laɣ'gbana pirintibu daa yi South African Bank Note Company n-labi Crane Currency's Swedish division (Tumba Bruk), din pirinti 80 million 100 rand gbana. South African Reserve Bank daa chahi 3.6 million 100-rand laɣ'gban shɛŋa "Crane Currency" ni daa pirini ka di daliri nyɛla di daa mali la dalinli shɛŋa noo South African Bank Note Company ni daa pirinti.Din bɔŋɔ nyaaŋa,gbana din daa pirinti Swedendaa pa di kom din nyɛ zaɣi maŋli, ka di daa pooi 1 mm waɣilim.

Silimiin goli 11 February 2012, tiŋgbani zuɣulana Jacob Zuma daa moliya ni tiŋgbani maa lahi yan yimi na ni laɣ'gbaŋ pala ka mali Nelson Mandela anfooni. Di daa yina silimiin goli 6 November 2012. Din bɔŋɔ nima daa mali la kalinli dalin yinsi din nyɛ 10, 20, 50, 100, n-ti pahi 200 rand.

Silimiin goli 2013,  2012 liɣiri din daa yina daa labi mali ka bɛ pahi "EURion constellation" liɣiri kalinli dibaa anu maa zaa zuɣu.

Silimiin goli 18 July 2018, liɣiri din nyɛ yɛla teebu dini daa yina ni di ti zani wuhiri "100th anniversary" din nyɛ Nelson Mandela dɔɣim dini. Di dalinli kalinli nima n-daa nyɛ, 10, 20, 50, 100, n-ti pahi 200 rand. Lala liɣiri ŋɔ mini din pun bɛni maa n-kuli yan dira. Lala gbana ŋɔ mali la  Nelson Mandela anfooni di tooni, ka di nyaaŋa mi mali Nelson Mandela bipoli tali anfooni mini o ni zali yu shɛŋa. Lala binyɛra ŋɔ n-nyɛ:  "rolling hills of the Eastern Cape", ni Mandela dɔɣibu shee din be Mvezo (10 rand);  Mandela yiŋa din be Soweto, o ni kahi o siyaasa tali biɛhigu mini yu shɛŋa o ni zali m-pahi (20 rand); luɣishɛli Mandela anfooni ni daa yaai ka o miri Howick, zaŋ doli chira pia ni ayopɔin sɔɣibu, bɛ ni mɛ o n zali luɣishɛli (50 rand); luɣishɛli din nyɛ Mandela yuun pishi ni ayopɔin dansarika kpɛbu Robben Island, ni kuɣi baligu din laɣim taba (100 rand); Mandela mɛbu din be Union Buildings din teeri o ni daa tuui kpe ni 1994 (200 rand).

Silimiin goli 3 May 2023,  South African Reserve Bank daa moliya ni liɣiri gbaŋ pala yan yimi na ka na kuli mali Nelson Mandela anfooni di tooni, ka mali binkɔbi kara dibaa anu di nyaaŋa. Lala liɣiri ŋɔ mali la kalinli dalin yinsi ni 10, 20, 50, 100, mini 200 rand.

Tuuli dini

Din yina pahi buyi

Din pahi buta yina

Di yina bunahi ni

Bunu yibu na

Buyɔbu yihibu na

Buyopɔin ni yihibu na

Bunii ni yibu na

Taɣibu dubu mini sheebu

Lihimi m-pahi 

 Financial rand
 Witwatersrand
 Krugerrand
 Coins of the South African rand
 South African pound
 Economy of South Africa

Noosi

Kundivihira

Further reading

External links 

 Decimal Coinage (1962): Newsreel of South Africa's conversion to the Rand, British Pathé
 South African Reserve Bank Currency Page 
 US Federal Reserve Bank historical exchange rate data
 South African Currency Page, with a short description of each note.
 South African Currency Page (old rand), a short description of pre-1994 (apartheid-era) notes.
 Historical banknotes of South Africa 
 Bank of England exchange rate ZAR vs GBP since 2001 - present

Currencies introduced in 1961
1961 establishments in South Africa
Currencies of the Commonwealth of Nations
Currencies of South Africa
Currencies of Botswana
Currencies of Namibia
Currencies of Eswatini
Currencies of Zimbabwe
Currency symbols