In India, Hinduism has the most illiterates (~306M) due to its large population (79.8%), despite a 36.4% illiteracy rate. Muslims, with 14.2% of the population, have a higher illiteracy rate (42.72%), but fewer illiterates (~64M). Globally, Hindus and Muslims may both have around 300-350M illiterates, though data is less clear. Population size often outweighs rates in such comparisons.