code: from data import *
  from yolact_utils.augmentations import SSDAugmentation, BaseTransform
  from yolact_utils.functions import MovingAverage, SavePath
  from yolact_utils.logger import Log
  from yolact_utils import timer
  from layers.modules import MultiBoxLoss
  from yolact import Yolact
  import os
  import sys
  import time
  import math, random
  from pathlib import Path
  import torch
  from torch.autograd import Variable
  import torch.nn as nn
  import torch.optim as optim
  import torch.backends.cudnn as cudnn
  import torch.nn.init as init
  import torch.utils.data as data
  import numpy as np
  import argparse
  import datetime
  
  # Oof
  import eval as eval_script
  
  def str2bool(v):
      return v.lower() in ("yes", "true", "t", "1")
  
  
  parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
      description='Yolact Training Script')
  parser.add_argument('--batch_size', default=8, type=int,
                      help='Batch size for training')
  parser.add_argument('--resume', default=None, type=str,
                      help='Checkpoint state_dict file to resume training from. If this is "interrupt"'\
                           ', the model will resume training from the interrupt file.')
  parser.add_argument('--start_iter', default=-1, type=int,
                      help='Resume training at this iter. If this is -1, the iteration will be'\
                           'determined from the file name.')
  parser.add_argument('--num_workers', default=4, type=int,
                      help='Number of workers used in dataloading')
  parser.add_argument('--cuda', default=True, type=str2bool,
                      help='Use CUDA to train model')
  parser.add_argument('--lr', '--learning_rate', default=None, type=float,
                      help='Initial learning rate. Leave as None to read this from the config.')
  parser.add_argument('--momentum', default=None, type=float,
                      help='Momentum for SGD. Leave as None to read this from the config.')
  parser.add_argument('--decay', '--weight_decay', default=None, type=float,
                      help='Weight decay for SGD. Leave as None to read this from the config.')
  parser.add_argument('--gamma', default=None, type=float,
                      help='For each lr step, what to multiply the lr by. Leave as None to read this from the config.')
  parser.add_argument('--save_folder', default='weights/',
                      help='Directory for saving checkpoint models.')
  parser.add_argument('--log_folder', default='logs/',
                      help='Directory for saving logs.')
  parser.add_argument('--config', default=None,
                      help='The config object to use.')
  parser.add_argument('--save_interval', default=10000, type=int,
                      help='The number of iterations between saving the model.')
  parser.add_argument('--validation_size', default=5000, type=int,
                      help='The number of images to use for validation.')
  parser.add_argument('--validation_epoch', default=2, type=int,
                      help='Output validation information every n iterations. If -1, do no validation.')
  parser.add_argument('--keep_latest', dest='keep_latest', action='store_true',
                      help='Only keep the latest checkpoint instead of each one.')
  parser.add_argument('--keep_latest_interval', default=100000, type=int,
                      help='When --keep_latest is on, don\'t delete the latest file at these intervals. This should be a multiple of save_interval or 0.')
  parser.add_argument('--dataset', default=None, type=str,
                      help='If specified, override the dataset specified in the config with this one (example: coco2017_dataset).')
  parser.add_argument('--no_log', dest='log', action='store_false',
                      help='Don\'t log per iteration information into log_folder.')
  parser.add_argument('--log_gpu', dest='log_gpu', action='store_true',
                      help='Include GPU information in the logs. Nvidia-smi tends to be slow, so set this with caution.')
  parser.add_argument('--no_interrupt', dest='interrupt', action='store_false',
                      help='Don\'t save an interrupt when KeyboardInterrupt is caught.')
  parser.add_argument('--batch_alloc', default=None, type=str,
                      help='If using multiple GPUS, you can set this to be a comma separated list detailing which GPUs should get what local batch size (It should add up to your total batch size).')
  parser.add_argument('--no_autoscale', dest='autoscale', action='store_false',
                      help='YOLACT will automatically scale the lr and the number of iterations depending on the batch size. Set this if you want to disable that.')
  
  parser.set_defaults(keep_latest=False, log=True, log_gpu=False, interrupt=True, autoscale=True)
  args = parser.parse_args()
  
  if args.config is not None:
      set_cfg(args.config)
  
  if args.dataset is not None:
      set_dataset(args.dataset)
  
  if args.autoscale and args.batch_size != 8:
      factor = args.batch_size / 8
      if __name__ == '__main__':
          print('Scaling parameters by %.2f to account for a batch size of %d.' % (factor, args.batch_size))
  
      cfg.lr *= factor
      cfg.max_iter //= factor
      cfg.lr_steps = [x // factor for x in cfg.lr_steps]
  
  # Update training parameters from the config if necessary
  def replace(name):
      if getattr(args, name) == None: setattr(args, name, getattr(cfg, name))
  replace('lr')
  replace('decay')
  replace('gamma')
  replace('momentum')
  
  # This is managed by set_lr
  cur_lr = args.lr
  
  if torch.cuda.device_count() == 0:
      print('No GPUs detected. Exiting...')
      exit(-1)
  
  if args.batch_size // torch.cuda.device_count() < 6:
      if __name__ == '__main__':
          print('Per-GPU batch size is less than the recommended limit for batch norm. Disabling batch norm.')
      cfg.freeze_bn = True
  
  loss_types = ['B', 'C', 'M', 'P', 'D', 'E', 'S', 'I']
  
  if torch.cuda.is_available():
      if args.cuda:
          torch.set_default_tensor_type('torch.cuda.FloatTensor')
      if not args.cuda:
          print("WARNING: It looks like you have a CUDA device, but aren't " +
                "using CUDA.\nRun with --cuda for optimal training speed.")
          torch.set_default_tensor_type('torch.FloatTensor')
  else:
      torch.set_default_tensor_type('torch.FloatTensor')
  
  class NetLoss(nn.Module):
      """
      A wrapper for running the network and computing the loss
      This is so we can more efficiently use DataParallel.
      """
      
      def __init__(self, net:Yolact, criterion:MultiBoxLoss):
          super().__init__()
  
          self.net = net
          self.criterion = criterion
      
      def forward(self, images, targets, masks, num_crowds):
          preds = self.net(images)
          losses = self.criterion(self.net, preds, targets, masks, num_crowds)
          return losses
  
  class CustomDataParallel(nn.DataParallel):
      """
      This is a custom version of DataParallel that works better with our training data.
      It should also be faster than the general case.
      """
  
      def scatter(self, inputs, kwargs, device_ids):
          # More like scatter and data prep at the same time. The point is we prep the data in such a way
          # that no scatter is necessary, and there's no need to shuffle stuff around different GPUs.
          devices = ['cuda:' + str(x) for x in device_ids]
          splits = prepare_data(inputs[0], devices, allocation=args.batch_alloc)
  
          return [[split[device_idx] for split in splits] for device_idx in range(len(devices))], \
              [kwargs] * len(devices)
  
      def gather(self, outputs, output_device):
          out = {}
  
          for k in outputs[0]:
              out[k] = torch.stack([output[k].to(output_device) for output in outputs])
          
          return out
  
  def train():
      if not os.path.exists(args.save_folder):
          os.mkdir(args.save_folder)
  
      dataset = COCODetection(image_path=cfg.dataset.train_images,
                              info_file=cfg.dataset.train_info,
                              transform=SSDAugmentation(MEANS))
      
      if args.validation_epoch > 0:
          setup_eval()
          val_dataset = COCODetection(image_path=cfg.dataset.valid_images,
                                      info_file=cfg.dataset.valid_info,
                                      transform=BaseTransform(MEANS))
  
      # Parallel wraps the underlying module, but when saving and loading we don't want that
      yolact_net = Yolact()
      net = yolact_net
      net.train()
  
      if args.log:
          log = Log(cfg.name, args.log_folder, dict(args._get_kwargs()),
              overwrite=(args.resume is None), log_gpu_stats=args.log_gpu)
  
      # I don't use the timer during training (I use a different timing method).
      # Apparently there's a race condition with multiple GPUs, so disable it just to be safe.
      timer.disable_all()
  
      # Both of these can set args.resume to None, so do them before the check    
      if args.resume == 'interrupt':
          args.resume = SavePath.get_interrupt(args.save_folder)
      elif args.resume == 'latest':
          args.resume = SavePath.get_latest(args.save_folder, cfg.name)
  
      if args.resume is not None:
          print('Resuming training, loading {}...'.format(args.resume))
          yolact_net.load_weights(args.resume)
  
          if args.start_iter == -1:
              args.start_iter = SavePath.from_str(args.resume).iteration
      else:
          print('Initializing weights...')
          yolact_net.init_weights(backbone_path=args.save_folder + cfg.backbone.path)
  
      optimizer = optim.SGD(net.parameters(), lr=args.lr, momentum=args.momentum,
                            weight_decay=args.decay)
      criterion = MultiBoxLoss(num_classes=cfg.num_classes,
                               pos_threshold=cfg.positive_iou_threshold,
                               neg_threshold=cfg.negative_iou_threshold,
                               negpos_ratio=cfg.ohem_negpos_ratio)
  
      if args.batch_alloc is not None:
          args.batch_alloc = [int(x) for x in args.batch_alloc.split(',')]
          if sum(args.batch_alloc) != args.batch_size:
              print('Error: Batch allocation (%s) does not sum to batch size (%s).' % (args.batch_alloc, args.batch_size))
              exit(-1)
  
      net = CustomDataParallel(NetLoss(net, criterion))
      if args.cuda:
          net = net.cuda()
      
      # Initialize everything
      if not cfg.freeze_bn: yolact_net.freeze_bn() # Freeze bn so we don't kill our means
      yolact_net(torch.zeros(1, 3, cfg.max_size, cfg.max_size).cuda())
      if not cfg.freeze_bn: yolact_net.freeze_bn(True)
  
      # loss counters
      loc_loss = 0
      conf_loss = 0
      iteration = max(args.start_iter, 0)
      last_time = time.time()
  
      epoch_size = len(dataset) // args.batch_size
      num_epochs = math.ceil(cfg.max_iter / epoch_size)
      
      # Which learning rate adjustment step are we on? lr' = lr * gamma ^ step_index
      step_index = 0
  
      data_loader = data.DataLoader(dataset, args.batch_size,
                                    num_workers=args.num_workers,
                                    shuffle=True, collate_fn=detection_collate,
                                    pin_memory=True)
      
      
      save_path = lambda epoch, iteration: SavePath(cfg.name, epoch, iteration).get_path(root=args.save_folder)
      time_avg = MovingAverage()
  
      global loss_types # Forms the print order
      loss_avgs  = { k: MovingAverage(100) for k in loss_types }
  
      print('Begin training!')
      print()
      # try-except so you can use ctrl+c to save early and stop training
      try:
          for epoch in range(num_epochs):
              # Resume from start_iter
              if (epoch+1)*epoch_size < iteration:
                  continue
              
              for datum in data_loader:
                  # Stop if we've reached an epoch if we're resuming from start_iter
                  if iteration == (epoch+1)*epoch_size:
                      break
  
                  # Stop at the configured number of iterations even if mid-epoch
                  if iteration == cfg.max_iter:
                      break
  
                  # Change a config setting if we've reached the specified iteration
                  changed = False
                  for change in cfg.delayed_settings:
                      if iteration >= change[0]:
                          changed = True
                          cfg.replace(change[1])
  
                          # Reset the loss averages because things might have changed
                          for avg in loss_avgs:
                              avg.reset()
                  
                  # If a config setting was changed, remove it from the list so we don't keep checking
                  if changed:
                      cfg.delayed_settings = [x for x in cfg.delayed_settings if x[0] > iteration]
  
                  # Warm up by linearly interpolating the learning rate from some smaller value
                  if cfg.lr_warmup_until > 0 and iteration <= cfg.lr_warmup_until:
                      set_lr(optimizer, (args.lr - cfg.lr_warmup_init) * (iteration / cfg.lr_warmup_until) + cfg.lr_warmup_init)
  
                  # Adjust the learning rate at the given iterations, but also if we resume from past that iteration
                  while step_index < len(cfg.lr_steps) and iteration >= cfg.lr_steps[step_index]:
                      step_index += 1
                      set_lr(optimizer, args.lr * (args.gamma ** step_index))
                  
                  # Zero the grad to get ready to compute gradients
                  optimizer.zero_grad()
  
                  # Forward Pass + Compute loss at the same time (see CustomDataParallel and NetLoss)
                  losses = net(datum)
                  
                  losses = { k: (v).mean() for k,v in losses.items() } # Mean here because Dataparallel
                  loss = sum([losses[k] for k in losses])
                  
                  # no_inf_mean removes some components from the loss, so make sure to backward through all of it
                  # all_loss = sum([v.mean() for v in losses.values()])
  
                  # Backprop
                  loss.backward() # Do this to free up vram even if loss is not finite
                  if torch.isfinite(loss).item():
                      optimizer.step()
                  
                  # Add the loss to the moving average for bookkeeping
                  for k in losses:
                      loss_avgs[k].add(losses[k].item())
  
                  cur_time  = time.time()
                  elapsed   = cur_time - last_time
                  last_time = cur_time
  
                  # Exclude graph setup from the timing information
                  if iteration != args.start_iter:
                      time_avg.add(elapsed)
  
                  if iteration % 10 == 0:
                      eta_str = str(datetime.timedelta(seconds=(cfg.max_iter-iteration) * time_avg.get_avg())).split('.')[0]
                      
                      total = sum([loss_avgs[k].get_avg() for k in losses])
                      loss_labels = sum([[k, loss_avgs[k].get_avg()] for k in loss_types if k in losses], [])
                      
                      print(('[%3d] %7d ||' + (' %s: %.3f |' * len(losses)) + ' T: %.3f || ETA: %s || timer: %.3f')
                              % tuple([epoch, iteration] + loss_labels + [total, eta_str, elapsed]), flush=True)
  
                  if args.log:
                      precision = 5
                      loss_info = {k: round(losses[k].item(), precision) for k in losses}
                      loss_info['T'] = round(loss.item(), precision)
  
                      if args.log_gpu:
                          log.log_gpu_stats = (iteration % 10 == 0) # nvidia-smi is sloooow
                          
                      log.log('train', loss=loss_info, epoch=epoch, iter=iteration,
                          lr=round(cur_lr, 10), elapsed=elapsed)
  
                      log.log_gpu_stats = args.log_gpu
                  
                  iteration += 1
  
                  if iteration % args.save_interval == 0 and iteration != args.start_iter:
                      if args.keep_latest:
                          latest = SavePath.get_latest(args.save_folder, cfg.name)
  
                      print('Saving state, iter:', iteration)
                      yolact_net.save_weights(save_path(epoch, iteration))
  
                      if args.keep_latest and latest is not None:
                          if args.keep_latest_interval <= 0 or iteration % args.keep_latest_interval != args.save_interval:
                              print('Deleting old save...')
                              os.remove(latest)
              
              # This is done per epoch
              if args.validation_epoch > 0:
                  if epoch % args.validation_epoch == 0 and epoch > 0:
                      compute_validation_map(epoch, iteration, yolact_net, val_dataset, log if args.log else None)
          
          # Compute validation mAP after training is finished
          compute_validation_map(epoch, iteration, yolact_net, val_dataset, log if args.log else None)
      except KeyboardInterrupt:
          if args.interrupt:
              print('Stopping early. Saving network...')
              
              # Delete previous copy of the interrupted network so we don't spam the weights folder
              SavePath.remove_interrupt(args.save_folder)
              
              yolact_net.save_weights(save_path(epoch, repr(iteration) + '_interrupt'))
          exit()
  
      yolact_net.save_weights(save_path(epoch, iteration))
  
  
  def set_lr(optimizer, new_lr):
      for param_group in optimizer.param_groups:
          param_group['lr'] = new_lr
      
      global cur_lr
      cur_lr = new_lr
  
  def gradinator(x):
      x.requires_grad = False
      return x
  
  def prepare_data(datum, devices:list=None, allocation:list=None):
      with torch.no_grad():
          if devices is None:
              devices = ['cuda:0'] if args.cuda else ['cpu']
          if allocation is None:
              allocation = [args.batch_size // len(devices)] * (len(devices) - 1)
              allocation.append(args.batch_size - sum(allocation)) # The rest might need more/less
          
          images, (targets, masks, num_crowds) = datum
  
          cur_idx = 0
          for device, alloc in zip(devices, allocation):
              for _ in range(alloc):
                  images[cur_idx]  = gradinator(images[cur_idx].to(device))
                  targets[cur_idx] = gradinator(targets[cur_idx].to(device))
                  masks[cur_idx]   = gradinator(masks[cur_idx].to(device))
                  cur_idx += 1
  
          if cfg.preserve_aspect_ratio:
              # Choose a random size from the batch
              _, h, w = images[random.randint(0, len(images)-1)].size()
  
              for idx, (image, target, mask, num_crowd) in enumerate(zip(images, targets, masks, num_crowds)):
                  images[idx], targets[idx], masks[idx], num_crowds[idx] \
                      = enforce_size(image, target, mask, num_crowd, w, h)
          
          cur_idx = 0
          split_images, split_targets, split_masks, split_numcrowds \
              = [[None for alloc in allocation] for _ in range(4)]
  
          for device_idx, alloc in enumerate(allocation):
              split_images[device_idx]    = torch.stack(images[cur_idx:cur_idx+alloc], dim=0)
              split_targets[device_idx]   = targets[cur_idx:cur_idx+alloc]
              split_masks[device_idx]     = masks[cur_idx:cur_idx+alloc]
              split_numcrowds[device_idx] = num_crowds[cur_idx:cur_idx+alloc]
  
              cur_idx += alloc
  
          return split_images, split_targets, split_masks, split_numcrowds
  
  def no_inf_mean(x:torch.Tensor):
      """
      Computes the mean of a vector, throwing out all inf values.
      If there are no non-inf values, this will return inf (i.e., just the normal mean).
      """
  
      no_inf = [a for a in x if torch.isfinite(a)]
  
      if len(no_inf) > 0:
          return sum(no_inf) / len(no_inf)
      else:
          return x.mean()
  
  def compute_validation_loss(net, data_loader, criterion):
      global loss_types
  
      with torch.no_grad():
          losses = {}
          
          # Don't switch to eval mode because we want to get losses
          iterations = 0
          for datum in data_loader:
              images, targets, masks, num_crowds = prepare_data(datum)
              out = net(images)
  
              wrapper = ScatterWrapper(targets, masks, num_crowds)
              _losses = criterion(out, wrapper, wrapper.make_mask())
              
              for k, v in _losses.items():
                  v = v.mean().item()
                  if k in losses:
                      losses[k] += v
                  else:
                      losses[k] = v
  
              iterations += 1
              if args.validation_size <= iterations * args.batch_size:
                  break
          
          for k in losses:
              losses[k] /= iterations
              
          
          loss_labels = sum([[k, losses[k]] for k in loss_types if k in losses], [])
          print(('Validation ||' + (' %s: %.3f |' * len(losses)) + ')') % tuple(loss_labels), flush=True)
  
  def compute_validation_map(epoch, iteration, yolact_net, dataset, log:Log=None):
      with torch.no_grad():
          yolact_net.eval()
          
          start = time.time()
          print()
          print("Computing validation mAP (this may take a while)...", flush=True)
          val_info = eval_script.evaluate(yolact_net, dataset, train_mode=True)
          end = time.time()
  
          if log is not None:
              log.log('val', val_info, elapsed=(end - start), epoch=epoch, iter=iteration)
  
          yolact_net.train()
  
  def setup_eval():
      eval_script.parse_args(['--no_bar', '--max_images='+str(args.validation_size)])
  
  if __name__ == '__main__':
      train()
  
apis: torch.utils.data.DataLoader torch.stack torch.no_grad torch.cuda.device_count torch.set_default_tensor_type torch.cuda.is_available torch.zeros torch.isfinite