code: import re
  
  import numpy as np
  import pytest
  
  import pandas as pd
  import pandas._testing as tm
  
  
  class TestSeriesReplace:
      def test_replace(self, datetime_series):
          N = 100
          ser = pd.Series(np.random.randn(N))
          ser[0:4] = np.nan
          ser[6:10] = 0
  
          # replace list with a single value
          return_value = ser.replace([np.nan], -1, inplace=True)
          assert return_value is None
  
          exp = ser.fillna(-1)
          tm.assert_series_equal(ser, exp)
  
          rs = ser.replace(0.0, np.nan)
          ser[ser == 0.0] = np.nan
          tm.assert_series_equal(rs, ser)
  
          ser = pd.Series(np.fabs(np.random.randn(N)), tm.makeDateIndex(N), dtype=object)
          ser[:5] = np.nan
          ser[6:10] = "foo"
          ser[20:30] = "bar"
  
          # replace list with a single value
          rs = ser.replace([np.nan, "foo", "bar"], -1)
  
          assert (rs[:5] == -1).all()
          assert (rs[6:10] == -1).all()
          assert (rs[20:30] == -1).all()
          assert (pd.isna(ser[:5])).all()
  
          # replace with different values
          rs = ser.replace({np.nan: -1, "foo": -2, "bar": -3})
  
          assert (rs[:5] == -1).all()
          assert (rs[6:10] == -2).all()
          assert (rs[20:30] == -3).all()
          assert (pd.isna(ser[:5])).all()
  
          # replace with different values with 2 lists
          rs2 = ser.replace([np.nan, "foo", "bar"], [-1, -2, -3])
          tm.assert_series_equal(rs, rs2)
  
          # replace inplace
          return_value = ser.replace([np.nan, "foo", "bar"], -1, inplace=True)
          assert return_value is None
  
          assert (ser[:5] == -1).all()
          assert (ser[6:10] == -1).all()
          assert (ser[20:30] == -1).all()
  
          ser = pd.Series([np.nan, 0, np.inf])
          tm.assert_series_equal(ser.replace(np.nan, 0), ser.fillna(0))
  
          ser = pd.Series([np.nan, 0, "foo", "bar", np.inf, None, pd.NaT])
          tm.assert_series_equal(ser.replace(np.nan, 0), ser.fillna(0))
          filled = ser.copy()
          filled[4] = 0
          tm.assert_series_equal(ser.replace(np.inf, 0), filled)
  
          ser = pd.Series(datetime_series.index)
          tm.assert_series_equal(ser.replace(np.nan, 0), ser.fillna(0))
  
          # malformed
          msg = r"Replacement lists must match in length\. Expecting 3 got 2"
          with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
              ser.replace([1, 2, 3], [np.nan, 0])
  
          # make sure that we aren't just masking a TypeError because bools don't
          # implement indexing
          with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="Cannot compare types .+"):
              ser.replace([1, 2], [np.nan, 0])
  
          ser = pd.Series([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
          result = ser.replace([0, 1, 2, 3, 4], [4, 3, 2, 1, 0])
          tm.assert_series_equal(result, pd.Series([4, 3, 2, 1, 0]))
  
      def test_replace_gh5319(self):
          # API change from 0.12?
          # GH 5319
          ser = pd.Series([0, np.nan, 2, 3, 4])
          expected = ser.ffill()
          result = ser.replace([np.nan])
          tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
  
          ser = pd.Series([0, np.nan, 2, 3, 4])
          expected = ser.ffill()
          result = ser.replace(np.nan)
          tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
          # GH 5797
          ser = pd.Series(pd.date_range("20130101", periods=5))
          expected = ser.copy()
          expected.loc[2] = pd.Timestamp("20120101")
          result = ser.replace({pd.Timestamp("20130103"): pd.Timestamp("20120101")})
          tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
          result = ser.replace(pd.Timestamp("20130103"), pd.Timestamp("20120101"))
          tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
  
          # GH 11792: Test with replacing NaT in a list with tz data
          ts = pd.Timestamp("2015/01/01", tz="UTC")
          s = pd.Series([pd.NaT, pd.Timestamp("2015/01/01", tz="UTC")])
          result = s.replace([np.nan, pd.NaT], pd.Timestamp.min)
          expected = pd.Series([pd.Timestamp.min, ts], dtype=object)
          tm.assert_series_equal(expected, result)
  
      def test_replace_timedelta_td64(self):
          tdi = pd.timedelta_range(0, periods=5)
          ser = pd.Series(tdi)
  
          # Using a single dict argument means we go through replace_list
          result = ser.replace({ser[1]: ser[3]})
  
          expected = pd.Series([ser[0], ser[3], ser[2], ser[3], ser[4]])
          tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
  
      def test_replace_with_single_list(self):
          ser = pd.Series([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
          result = ser.replace([1, 2, 3])
          tm.assert_series_equal(result, pd.Series([0, 0, 0, 0, 4]))
  
          s = ser.copy()
          return_value = s.replace([1, 2, 3], inplace=True)
          assert return_value is None
          tm.assert_series_equal(s, pd.Series([0, 0, 0, 0, 4]))
  
          # make sure things don't get corrupted when fillna call fails
          s = ser.copy()
          msg = (
              r"Invalid fill method\. Expecting pad \(ffill\) or backfill "
              r"\(bfill\)\. Got crash_cymbal"
          )
          with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
              return_value = s.replace([1, 2, 3], inplace=True, method="crash_cymbal")
              assert return_value is None
          tm.assert_series_equal(s, ser)
  
      def test_replace_with_empty_list(self):
          # GH 21977
          s = pd.Series([[1], [2, 3], [], np.nan, [4]])
          expected = s
          result = s.replace([], np.nan)
          tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
  
          # GH 19266
          with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="cannot assign mismatch"):
              s.replace({np.nan: []})
          with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="cannot assign mismatch"):
              s.replace({np.nan: ["dummy", "alt"]})
  
      def test_replace_mixed_types(self):
          s = pd.Series(np.arange(5), dtype="int64")
  
          def check_replace(to_rep, val, expected):
              sc = s.copy()
              r = s.replace(to_rep, val)
              return_value = sc.replace(to_rep, val, inplace=True)
              assert return_value is None
              tm.assert_series_equal(expected, r)
              tm.assert_series_equal(expected, sc)
  
          # MUST upcast to float
          e = pd.Series([0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0])
          tr, v = [3], [3.0]
          check_replace(tr, v, e)
  
          # MUST upcast to float
          e = pd.Series([0, 1, 2, 3.5, 4])
          tr, v = [3], [3.5]
          check_replace(tr, v, e)
  
          # casts to object
          e = pd.Series([0, 1, 2, 3.5, "a"])
          tr, v = [3, 4], [3.5, "a"]
          check_replace(tr, v, e)
  
          # again casts to object
          e = pd.Series([0, 1, 2, 3.5, pd.Timestamp("20130101")])
          tr, v = [3, 4], [3.5, pd.Timestamp("20130101")]
          check_replace(tr, v, e)
  
          # casts to object
          e = pd.Series([0, 1, 2, 3.5, True], dtype="object")
          tr, v = [3, 4], [3.5, True]
          check_replace(tr, v, e)
  
          # test an object with dates + floats + integers + strings
          dr = pd.Series(pd.date_range("1/1/2001", "1/10/2001", freq="D"))
          result = dr.astype(object).replace([dr[0], dr[1], dr[2]], [1.0, 2, "a"])
          expected = pd.Series([1.0, 2, "a"] + dr[3:].tolist(), dtype=object)
          tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
  
      def test_replace_bool_with_string_no_op(self):
          s = pd.Series([True, False, True])
          result = s.replace("fun", "in-the-sun")
          tm.assert_series_equal(s, result)
  
      def test_replace_bool_with_string(self):
          # nonexistent elements
          s = pd.Series([True, False, True])
          result = s.replace(True, "2u")
          expected = pd.Series(["2u", False, "2u"])
          tm.assert_series_equal(expected, result)
  
      def test_replace_bool_with_bool(self):
          s = pd.Series([True, False, True])
          result = s.replace(True, False)
          expected = pd.Series([False] * len(s))
          tm.assert_series_equal(expected, result)
  
      def test_replace_with_dict_with_bool_keys(self):
          s = pd.Series([True, False, True])
          with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="Cannot compare types .+"):
              s.replace({"asdf": "asdb", True: "yes"})
  
      def test_replace2(self):
          N = 100
          ser = pd.Series(np.fabs(np.random.randn(N)), tm.makeDateIndex(N), dtype=object)
          ser[:5] = np.nan
          ser[6:10] = "foo"
          ser[20:30] = "bar"
  
          # replace list with a single value
          rs = ser.replace([np.nan, "foo", "bar"], -1)
  
          assert (rs[:5] == -1).all()
          assert (rs[6:10] == -1).all()
          assert (rs[20:30] == -1).all()
          assert (pd.isna(ser[:5])).all()
  
          # replace with different values
          rs = ser.replace({np.nan: -1, "foo": -2, "bar": -3})
  
          assert (rs[:5] == -1).all()
          assert (rs[6:10] == -2).all()
          assert (rs[20:30] == -3).all()
          assert (pd.isna(ser[:5])).all()
  
          # replace with different values with 2 lists
          rs2 = ser.replace([np.nan, "foo", "bar"], [-1, -2, -3])
          tm.assert_series_equal(rs, rs2)
  
          # replace inplace
          return_value = ser.replace([np.nan, "foo", "bar"], -1, inplace=True)
          assert return_value is None
          assert (ser[:5] == -1).all()
          assert (ser[6:10] == -1).all()
          assert (ser[20:30] == -1).all()
  
      def test_replace_with_dictlike_and_string_dtype(self):
          # GH 32621
          s = pd.Series(["one", "two", np.nan], dtype="string")
          expected = pd.Series(["1", "2", np.nan])
          result = s.replace({"one": "1", "two": "2"})
          tm.assert_series_equal(expected, result)
  
      def test_replace_with_empty_dictlike(self):
          # GH 15289
          s = pd.Series(list("abcd"))
          tm.assert_series_equal(s, s.replace(dict()))
  
          with tm.assert_produces_warning(DeprecationWarning, check_stacklevel=False):
              empty_series = pd.Series([])
          tm.assert_series_equal(s, s.replace(empty_series))
  
      def test_replace_string_with_number(self):
          # GH 15743
          s = pd.Series([1, 2, 3])
          result = s.replace("2", np.nan)
          expected = pd.Series([1, 2, 3])
          tm.assert_series_equal(expected, result)
  
      def test_replace_replacer_equals_replacement(self):
          # GH 20656
          # make sure all replacers are matching against original values
          s = pd.Series(["a", "b"])
          expected = pd.Series(["b", "a"])
          result = s.replace({"a": "b", "b": "a"})
          tm.assert_series_equal(expected, result)
  
      def test_replace_unicode_with_number(self):
          # GH 15743
          s = pd.Series([1, 2, 3])
          result = s.replace("2", np.nan)
          expected = pd.Series([1, 2, 3])
          tm.assert_series_equal(expected, result)
  
      def test_replace_mixed_types_with_string(self):
          # Testing mixed
          s = pd.Series([1, 2, 3, "4", 4, 5])
          result = s.replace([2, "4"], np.nan)
          expected = pd.Series([1, np.nan, 3, np.nan, 4, 5])
          tm.assert_series_equal(expected, result)
  
      @pytest.mark.parametrize(
          "categorical, numeric",
          [
              (pd.Categorical("A", categories=["A", "B"]), [1]),
              (pd.Categorical(("A",), categories=["A", "B"]), [1]),
              (pd.Categorical(("A", "B"), categories=["A", "B"]), [1, 2]),
          ],
      )
      def test_replace_categorical(self, categorical, numeric):
          # GH 24971
          # Do not check if dtypes are equal due to a known issue that
          # Categorical.replace sometimes coerces to object (GH 23305)
          s = pd.Series(categorical)
          result = s.replace({"A": 1, "B": 2})
          expected = pd.Series(numeric)
          tm.assert_series_equal(expected, result)
  
      def test_replace_categorical_single(self):
          # GH 26988
          dti = pd.date_range("2016-01-01", periods=3, tz="US/Pacific")
          s = pd.Series(dti)
          c = s.astype("category")
  
          expected = c.copy()
          expected = expected.cat.add_categories("foo")
          expected[2] = "foo"
          expected = expected.cat.remove_unused_categories()
          assert c[2] != "foo"
  
          result = c.replace(c[2], "foo")
          tm.assert_series_equal(expected, result)
          assert c[2] != "foo"  # ensure non-inplace call does not alter original
  
          return_value = c.replace(c[2], "foo", inplace=True)
          assert return_value is None
          tm.assert_series_equal(expected, c)
  
          first_value = c[0]
          return_value = c.replace(c[1], c[0], inplace=True)
          assert return_value is None
          assert c[0] == c[1] == first_value  # test replacing with existing value
  
      def test_replace_with_no_overflowerror(self):
          # GH 25616
          # casts to object without Exception from OverflowError
          s = pd.Series([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
          result = s.replace([3], ["100000000000000000000"])
          expected = pd.Series([0, 1, 2, "100000000000000000000", 4])
          tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
  
          s = pd.Series([0, "100000000000000000000", "100000000000000000001"])
          result = s.replace(["100000000000000000000"], [1])
          expected = pd.Series([0, 1, "100000000000000000001"])
          tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
  
      @pytest.mark.parametrize(
          "ser, to_replace, exp",
          [
              ([1, 2, 3], {1: 2, 2: 3, 3: 4}, [2, 3, 4]),
              (["1", "2", "3"], {"1": "2", "2": "3", "3": "4"}, ["2", "3", "4"]),
          ],
      )
      def test_replace_commutative(self, ser, to_replace, exp):
          # GH 16051
          # DataFrame.replace() overwrites when values are non-numeric
  
          series = pd.Series(ser)
  
          expected = pd.Series(exp)
          result = series.replace(to_replace)
  
          tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
  
      @pytest.mark.parametrize(
          "ser, exp", [([1, 2, 3], [1, True, 3]), (["x", 2, 3], ["x", True, 3])]
      )
      def test_replace_no_cast(self, ser, exp):
          # GH 9113
          # BUG: replace int64 dtype with bool coerces to int64
  
          series = pd.Series(ser)
          result = series.replace(2, True)
          expected = pd.Series(exp)
  
          tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
  
      def test_replace_invalid_to_replace(self):
          # GH 18634
          # API: replace() should raise an exception if invalid argument is given
          series = pd.Series(["a", "b", "c "])
          msg = (
              r"Expecting 'to_replace' to be either a scalar, array-like, "
              r"dict or None, got invalid type.*"
          )
          with pytest.raises(TypeError, match=msg):
              series.replace(lambda x: x.strip())
  
      def test_replace_only_one_dictlike_arg(self):
          # GH#33340
  
          ser = pd.Series([1, 2, "A", pd.Timestamp.now(), True])
          to_replace = {0: 1, 2: "A"}
          value = "foo"
          msg = "Series.replace cannot use dict-like to_replace and non-None value"
          with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
              ser.replace(to_replace, value)
  
          to_replace = 1
          value = {0: "foo", 2: "bar"}
          msg = "Series.replace cannot use dict-value and non-None to_replace"
          with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
              ser.replace(to_replace, value)
  
      def test_replace_extension_other(self):
          # https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/34530
          ser = pd.Series(pd.array([1, 2, 3], dtype="Int64"))
          ser.replace("", "")  # no exception
  
      def test_replace_with_compiled_regex(self):
          # https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/35680
          s = pd.Series(["a", "b", "c"])
          regex = re.compile("^a$")
          result = s.replace({regex: "z"}, regex=True)
          expected = pd.Series(["z", "b", "c"])
          tm.assert_series_equal(result, expected)
  
apis: pandas.timedelta_range pandas.Series pandas.date_range pandas.array pandas._testing.assert_produces_warning pandas.Timestamp.now numpy.random.randn pandas.isna pandas.Categorical numpy.arange pandas._testing.assert_series_equal pandas.Timestamp pandas._testing.makeDateIndex