code: 
  import numpy
  import numpy as np
  import datetime
  import pytest
  from numpy.testing import (
      assert_, assert_equal, assert_raises, assert_warns, suppress_warnings,
      assert_raises_regex,
      )
  from numpy.compat import pickle
  
  # Use pytz to test out various time zones if available
  try:
      from pytz import timezone as tz
      _has_pytz = True
  except ImportError:
      _has_pytz = False
  
  try:
      RecursionError
  except NameError:
      RecursionError = RuntimeError  # python < 3.5
  
  
  class TestDateTime:
      def test_datetime_dtype_creation(self):
          for unit in ['Y', 'M', 'W', 'D',
                       'h', 'm', 's', 'ms', 'us',
                       'μs',  # alias for us
                       'ns', 'ps', 'fs', 'as']:
              dt1 = np.dtype('M8[750%s]' % unit)
              assert_(dt1 == np.dtype('datetime64[750%s]' % unit))
              dt2 = np.dtype('m8[%s]' % unit)
              assert_(dt2 == np.dtype('timedelta64[%s]' % unit))
  
          # Generic units shouldn't add [] to the end
          assert_equal(str(np.dtype("M8")), "datetime64")
  
          # Should be possible to specify the endianness
          assert_equal(np.dtype("=M8"), np.dtype("M8"))
          assert_equal(np.dtype("=M8[s]"), np.dtype("M8[s]"))
          assert_(np.dtype(">M8") == np.dtype("M8") or
                  np.dtype("<M8") == np.dtype("M8"))
          assert_(np.dtype(">M8[D]") == np.dtype("M8[D]") or
                  np.dtype("<M8[D]") == np.dtype("M8[D]"))
          assert_(np.dtype(">M8") != np.dtype("<M8"))
  
          assert_equal(np.dtype("=m8"), np.dtype("m8"))
          assert_equal(np.dtype("=m8[s]"), np.dtype("m8[s]"))
          assert_(np.dtype(">m8") == np.dtype("m8") or
                  np.dtype("<m8") == np.dtype("m8"))
          assert_(np.dtype(">m8[D]") == np.dtype("m8[D]") or
                  np.dtype("<m8[D]") == np.dtype("m8[D]"))
          assert_(np.dtype(">m8") != np.dtype("<m8"))
  
          # Check that the parser rejects bad datetime types
          assert_raises(TypeError, np.dtype, 'M8[badunit]')
          assert_raises(TypeError, np.dtype, 'm8[badunit]')
          assert_raises(TypeError, np.dtype, 'M8[YY]')
          assert_raises(TypeError, np.dtype, 'm8[YY]')
          assert_raises(TypeError, np.dtype, 'm4')
          assert_raises(TypeError, np.dtype, 'M7')
          assert_raises(TypeError, np.dtype, 'm7')
          assert_raises(TypeError, np.dtype, 'M16')
          assert_raises(TypeError, np.dtype, 'm16')
  
      def test_datetime_casting_rules(self):
          # Cannot cast safely/same_kind between timedelta and datetime
          assert_(not np.can_cast('m8', 'M8', casting='same_kind'))
          assert_(not np.can_cast('M8', 'm8', casting='same_kind'))
          assert_(not np.can_cast('m8', 'M8', casting='safe'))
          assert_(not np.can_cast('M8', 'm8', casting='safe'))
  
          # Can cast safely/same_kind from integer to timedelta
          assert_(np.can_cast('i8', 'm8', casting='same_kind'))
          assert_(np.can_cast('i8', 'm8', casting='safe'))
          assert_(np.can_cast('i4', 'm8', casting='same_kind'))
          assert_(np.can_cast('i4', 'm8', casting='safe'))
          assert_(np.can_cast('u4', 'm8', casting='same_kind'))
          assert_(np.can_cast('u4', 'm8', casting='safe'))
  
          # Cannot cast safely from unsigned integer of the same size, which
          # could overflow
          assert_(np.can_cast('u8', 'm8', casting='same_kind'))
          assert_(not np.can_cast('u8', 'm8', casting='safe'))
  
          # Cannot cast safely/same_kind from float to timedelta
          assert_(not np.can_cast('f4', 'm8', casting='same_kind'))
          assert_(not np.can_cast('f4', 'm8', casting='safe'))
  
          # Cannot cast safely/same_kind from integer to datetime
          assert_(not np.can_cast('i8', 'M8', casting='same_kind'))
          assert_(not np.can_cast('i8', 'M8', casting='safe'))
  
          # Cannot cast safely/same_kind from bool to datetime
          assert_(not np.can_cast('b1', 'M8', casting='same_kind'))
          assert_(not np.can_cast('b1', 'M8', casting='safe'))
          # Can cast safely/same_kind from bool to timedelta
          assert_(np.can_cast('b1', 'm8', casting='same_kind'))
          assert_(np.can_cast('b1', 'm8', casting='safe'))
  
          # Can cast datetime safely from months/years to days
          assert_(np.can_cast('M8[M]', 'M8[D]', casting='safe'))
          assert_(np.can_cast('M8[Y]', 'M8[D]', casting='safe'))
          # Cannot cast timedelta safely from months/years to days
          assert_(not np.can_cast('m8[M]', 'm8[D]', casting='safe'))
          assert_(not np.can_cast('m8[Y]', 'm8[D]', casting='safe'))
          # Can cast datetime same_kind from months/years to days
          assert_(np.can_cast('M8[M]', 'M8[D]', casting='same_kind'))
          assert_(np.can_cast('M8[Y]', 'M8[D]', casting='same_kind'))
          # Can't cast timedelta same_kind from months/years to days
          assert_(not np.can_cast('m8[M]', 'm8[D]', casting='same_kind'))
          assert_(not np.can_cast('m8[Y]', 'm8[D]', casting='same_kind'))
          # Can cast datetime same_kind across the date/time boundary
          assert_(np.can_cast('M8[D]', 'M8[h]', casting='same_kind'))
          # Can cast timedelta same_kind across the date/time boundary
          assert_(np.can_cast('m8[D]', 'm8[h]', casting='same_kind'))
          assert_(np.can_cast('m8[h]', 'm8[D]', casting='same_kind'))
  
          # Cannot cast safely if the integer multiplier doesn't divide
          assert_(not np.can_cast('M8[7h]', 'M8[3h]', casting='safe'))
          assert_(not np.can_cast('M8[3h]', 'M8[6h]', casting='safe'))
          # But can cast same_kind
          assert_(np.can_cast('M8[7h]', 'M8[3h]', casting='same_kind'))
          # Can cast safely if the integer multiplier does divide
          assert_(np.can_cast('M8[6h]', 'M8[3h]', casting='safe'))
  
          # We can always cast types with generic units (corresponding to NaT) to
          # more specific types
          assert_(np.can_cast('m8', 'm8[h]', casting='same_kind'))
          assert_(np.can_cast('m8', 'm8[h]', casting='safe'))
          assert_(np.can_cast('M8', 'M8[h]', casting='same_kind'))
          assert_(np.can_cast('M8', 'M8[h]', casting='safe'))
          # but not the other way around
          assert_(not np.can_cast('m8[h]', 'm8', casting='same_kind'))
          assert_(not np.can_cast('m8[h]', 'm8', casting='safe'))
          assert_(not np.can_cast('M8[h]', 'M8', casting='same_kind'))
          assert_(not np.can_cast('M8[h]', 'M8', casting='safe'))
  
      def test_compare_generic_nat(self):
          # regression tests for gh-6452
          assert_(np.datetime64('NaT') !=
                  np.datetime64('2000') + np.timedelta64('NaT'))
          assert_(np.datetime64('NaT') != np.datetime64('NaT', 'us'))
          assert_(np.datetime64('NaT', 'us') != np.datetime64('NaT'))
  
      @pytest.mark.parametrize("size", [
          3, 21, 217, 1000])
      def test_datetime_nat_argsort_stability(self, size):
          # NaT < NaT should be False internally for
          # sort stability
          expected = np.arange(size)
          arr = np.tile(np.datetime64('NaT'), size)
          assert_equal(np.argsort(arr, kind='mergesort'), expected)
      
      @pytest.mark.parametrize("size", [
          3, 21, 217, 1000])
      def test_timedelta_nat_argsort_stability(self, size):
          # NaT < NaT should be False internally for
          # sort stability
          expected = np.arange(size)
          arr = np.tile(np.timedelta64('NaT'), size)
          assert_equal(np.argsort(arr, kind='mergesort'), expected)
  
      @pytest.mark.parametrize("arr, expected", [
          # the example provided in gh-12629
          (['NaT', 1, 2, 3],
           [1, 2, 3, 'NaT']),
          # multiple NaTs
          (['NaT', 9, 'NaT', -707],
           [-707, 9, 'NaT', 'NaT']),
          # this sort explores another code path for NaT
          ([1, -2, 3, 'NaT'],
           [-2, 1, 3, 'NaT']),
          # 2-D array
          ([[51, -220, 'NaT'],
            [-17, 'NaT', -90]],
           [[-220, 51, 'NaT'],
            [-90, -17, 'NaT']]),
          ])
      @pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", [
          'M8[ns]', 'M8[us]',
          'm8[ns]', 'm8[us]'])
      def test_datetime_timedelta_sort_nat(self, arr, expected, dtype):
          # fix for gh-12629 and gh-15063; NaT sorting to end of array
          arr = np.array(arr, dtype=dtype)
          expected = np.array(expected, dtype=dtype)
          arr.sort()
          assert_equal(arr, expected)
  
      def test_datetime_scalar_construction(self):
          # Construct with different units
          assert_equal(np.datetime64('1950-03-12', 'D'),
                       np.datetime64('1950-03-12'))
          assert_equal(np.datetime64('1950-03-12T13', 's'),
                       np.datetime64('1950-03-12T13', 'm'))
  
          # Default construction means NaT
          assert_equal(np.datetime64(), np.datetime64('NaT'))
  
          # Some basic strings and repr
          assert_equal(str(np.datetime64('NaT')), 'NaT')
          assert_equal(repr(np.datetime64('NaT')),
                       "numpy.datetime64('NaT')")
          assert_equal(str(np.datetime64('2011-02')), '2011-02')
          assert_equal(repr(np.datetime64('2011-02')),
                       "numpy.datetime64('2011-02')")
  
          # None gets constructed as NaT
          assert_equal(np.datetime64(None), np.datetime64('NaT'))
  
          # Default construction of NaT is in generic units
          assert_equal(np.datetime64().dtype, np.dtype('M8'))
          assert_equal(np.datetime64('NaT').dtype, np.dtype('M8'))
  
          # Construction from integers requires a specified unit
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.datetime64, 17)
  
          # When constructing from a scalar or zero-dimensional array,
          # it either keeps the units or you can override them.
          a = np.datetime64('2000-03-18T16', 'h')
          b = np.array('2000-03-18T16', dtype='M8[h]')
  
          assert_equal(a.dtype, np.dtype('M8[h]'))
          assert_equal(b.dtype, np.dtype('M8[h]'))
  
          assert_equal(np.datetime64(a), a)
          assert_equal(np.datetime64(a).dtype, np.dtype('M8[h]'))
  
          assert_equal(np.datetime64(b), a)
          assert_equal(np.datetime64(b).dtype, np.dtype('M8[h]'))
  
          assert_equal(np.datetime64(a, 's'), a)
          assert_equal(np.datetime64(a, 's').dtype, np.dtype('M8[s]'))
  
          assert_equal(np.datetime64(b, 's'), a)
          assert_equal(np.datetime64(b, 's').dtype, np.dtype('M8[s]'))
  
          # Construction from datetime.date
          assert_equal(np.datetime64('1945-03-25'),
                       np.datetime64(datetime.date(1945, 3, 25)))
          assert_equal(np.datetime64('2045-03-25', 'D'),
                       np.datetime64(datetime.date(2045, 3, 25), 'D'))
          # Construction from datetime.datetime
          assert_equal(np.datetime64('1980-01-25T14:36:22.5'),
                       np.datetime64(datetime.datetime(1980, 1, 25,
                                                  14, 36, 22, 500000)))
  
          # Construction with time units from a date is okay
          assert_equal(np.datetime64('1920-03-13', 'h'),
                       np.datetime64('1920-03-13T00'))
          assert_equal(np.datetime64('1920-03', 'm'),
                       np.datetime64('1920-03-01T00:00'))
          assert_equal(np.datetime64('1920', 's'),
                       np.datetime64('1920-01-01T00:00:00'))
          assert_equal(np.datetime64(datetime.date(2045, 3, 25), 'ms'),
                       np.datetime64('2045-03-25T00:00:00.000'))
  
          # Construction with date units from a datetime is also okay
          assert_equal(np.datetime64('1920-03-13T18', 'D'),
                       np.datetime64('1920-03-13'))
          assert_equal(np.datetime64('1920-03-13T18:33:12', 'M'),
                       np.datetime64('1920-03'))
          assert_equal(np.datetime64('1920-03-13T18:33:12.5', 'Y'),
                       np.datetime64('1920'))
  
      def test_datetime_scalar_construction_timezone(self):
          # verify that supplying an explicit timezone works, but is deprecated
          with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
              assert_equal(np.datetime64('2000-01-01T00Z'),
                           np.datetime64('2000-01-01T00'))
          with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
              assert_equal(np.datetime64('2000-01-01T00-08'),
                           np.datetime64('2000-01-01T08'))
  
      def test_datetime_array_find_type(self):
          dt = np.datetime64('1970-01-01', 'M')
          arr = np.array([dt])
          assert_equal(arr.dtype, np.dtype('M8[M]'))
  
          # at the moment, we don't automatically convert these to datetime64
  
          dt = datetime.date(1970, 1, 1)
          arr = np.array([dt])
          assert_equal(arr.dtype, np.dtype('O'))
  
          dt = datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 1, 12, 30, 40)
          arr = np.array([dt])
          assert_equal(arr.dtype, np.dtype('O'))
  
          # find "supertype" for non-dates and dates
  
          b = np.bool_(True)
          dm = np.datetime64('1970-01-01', 'M')
          d = datetime.date(1970, 1, 1)
          dt = datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 1, 12, 30, 40)
  
          arr = np.array([b, dm])
          assert_equal(arr.dtype, np.dtype('O'))
  
          arr = np.array([b, d])
          assert_equal(arr.dtype, np.dtype('O'))
  
          arr = np.array([b, dt])
          assert_equal(arr.dtype, np.dtype('O'))
  
          arr = np.array([d, d]).astype('datetime64')
          assert_equal(arr.dtype, np.dtype('M8[D]'))
  
          arr = np.array([dt, dt]).astype('datetime64')
          assert_equal(arr.dtype, np.dtype('M8[us]'))
  
      @pytest.mark.parametrize("unit", [
      # test all date / time units and use
      # "generic" to select generic unit
      ("Y"), ("M"), ("W"), ("D"), ("h"), ("m"),
      ("s"), ("ms"), ("us"), ("ns"), ("ps"),
      ("fs"), ("as"), ("generic") ])
      def test_timedelta_np_int_construction(self, unit):
          # regression test for gh-7617
          if unit != "generic":
              assert_equal(np.timedelta64(np.int64(123), unit),
                           np.timedelta64(123, unit))
          else:
              assert_equal(np.timedelta64(np.int64(123)),
                           np.timedelta64(123))
  
      def test_timedelta_scalar_construction(self):
          # Construct with different units
          assert_equal(np.timedelta64(7, 'D'),
                       np.timedelta64(1, 'W'))
          assert_equal(np.timedelta64(120, 's'),
                       np.timedelta64(2, 'm'))
  
          # Default construction means 0
          assert_equal(np.timedelta64(), np.timedelta64(0))
  
          # None gets constructed as NaT
          assert_equal(np.timedelta64(None), np.timedelta64('NaT'))
  
          # Some basic strings and repr
          assert_equal(str(np.timedelta64('NaT')), 'NaT')
          assert_equal(repr(np.timedelta64('NaT')),
                       "numpy.timedelta64('NaT')")
          assert_equal(str(np.timedelta64(3, 's')), '3 seconds')
          assert_equal(repr(np.timedelta64(-3, 's')),
                       "numpy.timedelta64(-3,'s')")
          assert_equal(repr(np.timedelta64(12)),
                       "numpy.timedelta64(12)")
  
          # Construction from an integer produces generic units
          assert_equal(np.timedelta64(12).dtype, np.dtype('m8'))
  
          # When constructing from a scalar or zero-dimensional array,
          # it either keeps the units or you can override them.
          a = np.timedelta64(2, 'h')
          b = np.array(2, dtype='m8[h]')
  
          assert_equal(a.dtype, np.dtype('m8[h]'))
          assert_equal(b.dtype, np.dtype('m8[h]'))
  
          assert_equal(np.timedelta64(a), a)
          assert_equal(np.timedelta64(a).dtype, np.dtype('m8[h]'))
  
          assert_equal(np.timedelta64(b), a)
          assert_equal(np.timedelta64(b).dtype, np.dtype('m8[h]'))
  
          assert_equal(np.timedelta64(a, 's'), a)
          assert_equal(np.timedelta64(a, 's').dtype, np.dtype('m8[s]'))
  
          assert_equal(np.timedelta64(b, 's'), a)
          assert_equal(np.timedelta64(b, 's').dtype, np.dtype('m8[s]'))
  
          # Construction from datetime.timedelta
          assert_equal(np.timedelta64(5, 'D'),
                       np.timedelta64(datetime.timedelta(days=5)))
          assert_equal(np.timedelta64(102347621, 's'),
                       np.timedelta64(datetime.timedelta(seconds=102347621)))
          assert_equal(np.timedelta64(-10234760000, 'us'),
                       np.timedelta64(datetime.timedelta(
                                              microseconds=-10234760000)))
          assert_equal(np.timedelta64(10234760000, 'us'),
                       np.timedelta64(datetime.timedelta(
                                              microseconds=10234760000)))
          assert_equal(np.timedelta64(1023476, 'ms'),
                       np.timedelta64(datetime.timedelta(milliseconds=1023476)))
          assert_equal(np.timedelta64(10, 'm'),
                       np.timedelta64(datetime.timedelta(minutes=10)))
          assert_equal(np.timedelta64(281, 'h'),
                       np.timedelta64(datetime.timedelta(hours=281)))
          assert_equal(np.timedelta64(28, 'W'),
                       np.timedelta64(datetime.timedelta(weeks=28)))
  
          # Cannot construct across nonlinear time unit boundaries
          a = np.timedelta64(3, 's')
          assert_raises(TypeError, np.timedelta64, a, 'M')
          assert_raises(TypeError, np.timedelta64, a, 'Y')
          a = np.timedelta64(6, 'M')
          assert_raises(TypeError, np.timedelta64, a, 'D')
          assert_raises(TypeError, np.timedelta64, a, 'h')
          a = np.timedelta64(1, 'Y')
          assert_raises(TypeError, np.timedelta64, a, 'D')
          assert_raises(TypeError, np.timedelta64, a, 'm')
          a = datetime.timedelta(seconds=3)
          assert_raises(TypeError, np.timedelta64, a, 'M')
          assert_raises(TypeError, np.timedelta64, a, 'Y')
          a = datetime.timedelta(weeks=3)
          assert_raises(TypeError, np.timedelta64, a, 'M')
          assert_raises(TypeError, np.timedelta64, a, 'Y')
          a = datetime.timedelta()
          assert_raises(TypeError, np.timedelta64, a, 'M')
          assert_raises(TypeError, np.timedelta64, a, 'Y')
  
      def test_timedelta_object_array_conversion(self):
          # Regression test for gh-11096
          inputs = [datetime.timedelta(28),
                    datetime.timedelta(30),
                    datetime.timedelta(31)]
          expected = np.array([28, 30, 31], dtype='timedelta64[D]')
          actual = np.array(inputs, dtype='timedelta64[D]')
          assert_equal(expected, actual)
  
      def test_timedelta_0_dim_object_array_conversion(self):
          # Regression test for gh-11151
          test = np.array(datetime.timedelta(seconds=20))
          actual = test.astype(np.timedelta64)
          # expected value from the array constructor workaround
          # described in above issue
          expected = np.array(datetime.timedelta(seconds=20),
                              np.timedelta64)
          assert_equal(actual, expected)
  
      def test_timedelta_scalar_construction_units(self):
          # String construction detecting units
          assert_equal(np.datetime64('2010').dtype,
                       np.dtype('M8[Y]'))
          assert_equal(np.datetime64('2010-03').dtype,
                       np.dtype('M8[M]'))
          assert_equal(np.datetime64('2010-03-12').dtype,
                       np.dtype('M8[D]'))
          assert_equal(np.datetime64('2010-03-12T17').dtype,
                       np.dtype('M8[h]'))
          assert_equal(np.datetime64('2010-03-12T17:15').dtype,
                       np.dtype('M8[m]'))
          assert_equal(np.datetime64('2010-03-12T17:15:08').dtype,
                       np.dtype('M8[s]'))
  
          assert_equal(np.datetime64('2010-03-12T17:15:08.1').dtype,
                       np.dtype('M8[ms]'))
          assert_equal(np.datetime64('2010-03-12T17:15:08.12').dtype,
                       np.dtype('M8[ms]'))
          assert_equal(np.datetime64('2010-03-12T17:15:08.123').dtype,
                       np.dtype('M8[ms]'))
  
          assert_equal(np.datetime64('2010-03-12T17:15:08.1234').dtype,
                       np.dtype('M8[us]'))
          assert_equal(np.datetime64('2010-03-12T17:15:08.12345').dtype,
                       np.dtype('M8[us]'))
          assert_equal(np.datetime64('2010-03-12T17:15:08.123456').dtype,
                       np.dtype('M8[us]'))
  
          assert_equal(np.datetime64('1970-01-01T00:00:02.1234567').dtype,
                       np.dtype('M8[ns]'))
          assert_equal(np.datetime64('1970-01-01T00:00:02.12345678').dtype,
                       np.dtype('M8[ns]'))
          assert_equal(np.datetime64('1970-01-01T00:00:02.123456789').dtype,
                       np.dtype('M8[ns]'))
  
          assert_equal(np.datetime64('1970-01-01T00:00:02.1234567890').dtype,
                       np.dtype('M8[ps]'))
          assert_equal(np.datetime64('1970-01-01T00:00:02.12345678901').dtype,
                       np.dtype('M8[ps]'))
          assert_equal(np.datetime64('1970-01-01T00:00:02.123456789012').dtype,
                       np.dtype('M8[ps]'))
  
          assert_equal(np.datetime64(
                       '1970-01-01T00:00:02.1234567890123').dtype,
                       np.dtype('M8[fs]'))
          assert_equal(np.datetime64(
                       '1970-01-01T00:00:02.12345678901234').dtype,
                       np.dtype('M8[fs]'))
          assert_equal(np.datetime64(
                       '1970-01-01T00:00:02.123456789012345').dtype,
                       np.dtype('M8[fs]'))
  
          assert_equal(np.datetime64(
                      '1970-01-01T00:00:02.1234567890123456').dtype,
                       np.dtype('M8[as]'))
          assert_equal(np.datetime64(
                      '1970-01-01T00:00:02.12345678901234567').dtype,
                       np.dtype('M8[as]'))
          assert_equal(np.datetime64(
                      '1970-01-01T00:00:02.123456789012345678').dtype,
                       np.dtype('M8[as]'))
  
          # Python date object
          assert_equal(np.datetime64(datetime.date(2010, 4, 16)).dtype,
                       np.dtype('M8[D]'))
  
          # Python datetime object
          assert_equal(np.datetime64(
                          datetime.datetime(2010, 4, 16, 13, 45, 18)).dtype,
                       np.dtype('M8[us]'))
  
          # 'today' special value
          assert_equal(np.datetime64('today').dtype,
                       np.dtype('M8[D]'))
  
          # 'now' special value
          assert_equal(np.datetime64('now').dtype,
                       np.dtype('M8[s]'))
  
      def test_datetime_nat_casting(self):
          a = np.array('NaT', dtype='M8[D]')
          b = np.datetime64('NaT', '[D]')
  
          # Arrays
          assert_equal(a.astype('M8[s]'), np.array('NaT', dtype='M8[s]'))
          assert_equal(a.astype('M8[ms]'), np.array('NaT', dtype='M8[ms]'))
          assert_equal(a.astype('M8[M]'), np.array('NaT', dtype='M8[M]'))
          assert_equal(a.astype('M8[Y]'), np.array('NaT', dtype='M8[Y]'))
          assert_equal(a.astype('M8[W]'), np.array('NaT', dtype='M8[W]'))
  
          # Scalars -> Scalars
          assert_equal(np.datetime64(b, '[s]'), np.datetime64('NaT', '[s]'))
          assert_equal(np.datetime64(b, '[ms]'), np.datetime64('NaT', '[ms]'))
          assert_equal(np.datetime64(b, '[M]'), np.datetime64('NaT', '[M]'))
          assert_equal(np.datetime64(b, '[Y]'), np.datetime64('NaT', '[Y]'))
          assert_equal(np.datetime64(b, '[W]'), np.datetime64('NaT', '[W]'))
  
          # Arrays -> Scalars
          assert_equal(np.datetime64(a, '[s]'), np.datetime64('NaT', '[s]'))
          assert_equal(np.datetime64(a, '[ms]'), np.datetime64('NaT', '[ms]'))
          assert_equal(np.datetime64(a, '[M]'), np.datetime64('NaT', '[M]'))
          assert_equal(np.datetime64(a, '[Y]'), np.datetime64('NaT', '[Y]'))
          assert_equal(np.datetime64(a, '[W]'), np.datetime64('NaT', '[W]'))
  
          # NaN -> NaT
          nan = np.array([np.nan] * 8)
          fnan = nan.astype('f')
          lnan = nan.astype('g')
          cnan = nan.astype('D')
          cfnan = nan.astype('F')
          clnan = nan.astype('G')
  
          nat = np.array([np.datetime64('NaT')] * 8)
          assert_equal(nan.astype('M8[ns]'), nat)
          assert_equal(fnan.astype('M8[ns]'), nat)
          assert_equal(lnan.astype('M8[ns]'), nat)
          assert_equal(cnan.astype('M8[ns]'), nat)
          assert_equal(cfnan.astype('M8[ns]'), nat)
          assert_equal(clnan.astype('M8[ns]'), nat)
  
          nat = np.array([np.timedelta64('NaT')] * 8)
          assert_equal(nan.astype('timedelta64[ns]'), nat)
          assert_equal(fnan.astype('timedelta64[ns]'), nat)
          assert_equal(lnan.astype('timedelta64[ns]'), nat)
          assert_equal(cnan.astype('timedelta64[ns]'), nat)
          assert_equal(cfnan.astype('timedelta64[ns]'), nat)
          assert_equal(clnan.astype('timedelta64[ns]'), nat)
  
      def test_days_creation(self):
          assert_equal(np.array('1599', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'),
                  (1600-1970)*365 - (1972-1600)/4 + 3 - 365)
          assert_equal(np.array('1600', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'),
                  (1600-1970)*365 - (1972-1600)/4 + 3)
          assert_equal(np.array('1601', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'),
                  (1600-1970)*365 - (1972-1600)/4 + 3 + 366)
          assert_equal(np.array('1900', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'),
                  (1900-1970)*365 - (1970-1900)//4)
          assert_equal(np.array('1901', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'),
                  (1900-1970)*365 - (1970-1900)//4 + 365)
          assert_equal(np.array('1967', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'), -3*365 - 1)
          assert_equal(np.array('1968', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'), -2*365 - 1)
          assert_equal(np.array('1969', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'), -1*365)
          assert_equal(np.array('1970', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'), 0*365)
          assert_equal(np.array('1971', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'), 1*365)
          assert_equal(np.array('1972', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'), 2*365)
          assert_equal(np.array('1973', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'), 3*365 + 1)
          assert_equal(np.array('1974', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'), 4*365 + 1)
          assert_equal(np.array('2000', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'),
                   (2000 - 1970)*365 + (2000 - 1972)//4)
          assert_equal(np.array('2001', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'),
                   (2000 - 1970)*365 + (2000 - 1972)//4 + 366)
          assert_equal(np.array('2400', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'),
                   (2400 - 1970)*365 + (2400 - 1972)//4 - 3)
          assert_equal(np.array('2401', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'),
                   (2400 - 1970)*365 + (2400 - 1972)//4 - 3 + 366)
  
          assert_equal(np.array('1600-02-29', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'),
                  (1600-1970)*365 - (1972-1600)//4 + 3 + 31 + 28)
          assert_equal(np.array('1600-03-01', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'),
                  (1600-1970)*365 - (1972-1600)//4 + 3 + 31 + 29)
          assert_equal(np.array('2000-02-29', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'),
                   (2000 - 1970)*365 + (2000 - 1972)//4 + 31 + 28)
          assert_equal(np.array('2000-03-01', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'),
                   (2000 - 1970)*365 + (2000 - 1972)//4 + 31 + 29)
          assert_equal(np.array('2001-03-22', dtype='M8[D]').astype('i8'),
                   (2000 - 1970)*365 + (2000 - 1972)//4 + 366 + 31 + 28 + 21)
  
      def test_days_to_pydate(self):
          assert_equal(np.array('1599', dtype='M8[D]').astype('O'),
                      datetime.date(1599, 1, 1))
          assert_equal(np.array('1600', dtype='M8[D]').astype('O'),
                      datetime.date(1600, 1, 1))
          assert_equal(np.array('1601', dtype='M8[D]').astype('O'),
                      datetime.date(1601, 1, 1))
          assert_equal(np.array('1900', dtype='M8[D]').astype('O'),
                      datetime.date(1900, 1, 1))
          assert_equal(np.array('1901', dtype='M8[D]').astype('O'),
                      datetime.date(1901, 1, 1))
          assert_equal(np.array('2000', dtype='M8[D]').astype('O'),
                      datetime.date(2000, 1, 1))
          assert_equal(np.array('2001', dtype='M8[D]').astype('O'),
                      datetime.date(2001, 1, 1))
          assert_equal(np.array('1600-02-29', dtype='M8[D]').astype('O'),
                      datetime.date(1600, 2, 29))
          assert_equal(np.array('1600-03-01', dtype='M8[D]').astype('O'),
                      datetime.date(1600, 3, 1))
          assert_equal(np.array('2001-03-22', dtype='M8[D]').astype('O'),
                      datetime.date(2001, 3, 22))
  
      def test_dtype_comparison(self):
          assert_(not (np.dtype('M8[us]') == np.dtype('M8[ms]')))
          assert_(np.dtype('M8[us]') != np.dtype('M8[ms]'))
          assert_(np.dtype('M8[2D]') != np.dtype('M8[D]'))
          assert_(np.dtype('M8[D]') != np.dtype('M8[2D]'))
  
      def test_pydatetime_creation(self):
          a = np.array(['1960-03-12', datetime.date(1960, 3, 12)], dtype='M8[D]')
          assert_equal(a[0], a[1])
          a = np.array(['1999-12-31', datetime.date(1999, 12, 31)], dtype='M8[D]')
          assert_equal(a[0], a[1])
          a = np.array(['2000-01-01', datetime.date(2000, 1, 1)], dtype='M8[D]')
          assert_equal(a[0], a[1])
          # Will fail if the date changes during the exact right moment
          a = np.array(['today', datetime.date.today()], dtype='M8[D]')
          assert_equal(a[0], a[1])
          # datetime.datetime.now() returns local time, not UTC
          #a = np.array(['now', datetime.datetime.now()], dtype='M8[s]')
          #assert_equal(a[0], a[1])
  
          # we can give a datetime.date time units
          assert_equal(np.array(datetime.date(1960, 3, 12), dtype='M8[s]'),
                       np.array(np.datetime64('1960-03-12T00:00:00')))
  
      def test_datetime_string_conversion(self):
          a = ['2011-03-16', '1920-01-01', '2013-05-19']
          str_a = np.array(a, dtype='S')
          uni_a = np.array(a, dtype='U')
          dt_a = np.array(a, dtype='M')
  
          # String to datetime
          assert_equal(dt_a, str_a.astype('M'))
          assert_equal(dt_a.dtype, str_a.astype('M').dtype)
          dt_b = np.empty_like(dt_a)
          dt_b[...] = str_a
          assert_equal(dt_a, dt_b)
  
          # Datetime to string
          assert_equal(str_a, dt_a.astype('S0'))
          str_b = np.empty_like(str_a)
          str_b[...] = dt_a
          assert_equal(str_a, str_b)
  
          # Unicode to datetime
          assert_equal(dt_a, uni_a.astype('M'))
          assert_equal(dt_a.dtype, uni_a.astype('M').dtype)
          dt_b = np.empty_like(dt_a)
          dt_b[...] = uni_a
          assert_equal(dt_a, dt_b)
  
          # Datetime to unicode
          assert_equal(uni_a, dt_a.astype('U'))
          uni_b = np.empty_like(uni_a)
          uni_b[...] = dt_a
          assert_equal(uni_a, uni_b)
  
          # Datetime to long string - gh-9712
          assert_equal(str_a, dt_a.astype((np.string_, 128)))
          str_b = np.empty(str_a.shape, dtype=(np.string_, 128))
          str_b[...] = dt_a
          assert_equal(str_a, str_b)
  
      def test_datetime_array_str(self):
          a = np.array(['2011-03-16', '1920-01-01', '2013-05-19'], dtype='M')
          assert_equal(str(a), "['2011-03-16' '1920-01-01' '2013-05-19']")
  
          a = np.array(['2011-03-16T13:55', '1920-01-01T03:12'], dtype='M')
          assert_equal(np.array2string(a, separator=', ',
                      formatter={'datetime': lambda x:
                              "'%s'" % np.datetime_as_string(x, timezone='UTC')}),
                       "['2011-03-16T13:55Z', '1920-01-01T03:12Z']")
  
          # Check that one NaT doesn't corrupt subsequent entries
          a = np.array(['2010', 'NaT', '2030']).astype('M')
          assert_equal(str(a), "['2010'  'NaT' '2030']")
  
      def test_timedelta_array_str(self):
          a = np.array([-1, 0, 100], dtype='m')
          assert_equal(str(a), "[ -1   0 100]")
          a = np.array(['NaT', 'NaT'], dtype='m')
          assert_equal(str(a), "['NaT' 'NaT']")
          # Check right-alignment with NaTs
          a = np.array([-1, 'NaT', 0], dtype='m')
          assert_equal(str(a), "[   -1 'NaT'     0]")
          a = np.array([-1, 'NaT', 1234567], dtype='m')
          assert_equal(str(a), "[     -1   'NaT' 1234567]")
  
          # Test with other byteorder:
          a = np.array([-1, 'NaT', 1234567], dtype='>m')
          assert_equal(str(a), "[     -1   'NaT' 1234567]")
          a = np.array([-1, 'NaT', 1234567], dtype='<m')
          assert_equal(str(a), "[     -1   'NaT' 1234567]")
  
      def test_pickle(self):
          # Check that pickle roundtripping works
          for proto in range(2, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
              dt = np.dtype('M8[7D]')
              assert_equal(pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(dt, protocol=proto)), dt)
              dt = np.dtype('M8[W]')
              assert_equal(pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(dt, protocol=proto)), dt)
              scalar = np.datetime64('2016-01-01T00:00:00.000000000')
              assert_equal(pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(scalar, protocol=proto)),
                           scalar)
              delta = scalar - np.datetime64('2015-01-01T00:00:00.000000000')
              assert_equal(pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(delta, protocol=proto)),
                           delta)
  
          # Check that loading pickles from 1.6 works
          pkl = b"cnumpy\ndtype\np0\n(S'M8'\np1\nI0\nI1\ntp2\nRp3\n" + \
                b"(I4\nS'<'\np4\nNNNI-1\nI-1\nI0\n((dp5\n(S'D'\np6\n" + \
                b"I7\nI1\nI1\ntp7\ntp8\ntp9\nb."
          assert_equal(pickle.loads(pkl), np.dtype('<M8[7D]'))
          pkl = b"cnumpy\ndtype\np0\n(S'M8'\np1\nI0\nI1\ntp2\nRp3\n" + \
                b"(I4\nS'<'\np4\nNNNI-1\nI-1\nI0\n((dp5\n(S'W'\np6\n" + \
                b"I1\nI1\nI1\ntp7\ntp8\ntp9\nb."
          assert_equal(pickle.loads(pkl), np.dtype('<M8[W]'))
          pkl = b"cnumpy\ndtype\np0\n(S'M8'\np1\nI0\nI1\ntp2\nRp3\n" + \
                b"(I4\nS'>'\np4\nNNNI-1\nI-1\nI0\n((dp5\n(S'us'\np6\n" + \
                b"I1\nI1\nI1\ntp7\ntp8\ntp9\nb."
          assert_equal(pickle.loads(pkl), np.dtype('>M8[us]'))
  
      def test_setstate(self):
          "Verify that datetime dtype __setstate__ can handle bad arguments"
          dt = np.dtype('>M8[us]')
          assert_raises(ValueError, dt.__setstate__, (4, '>', None, None, None, -1, -1, 0, 1))
          assert_(dt.__reduce__()[2] == np.dtype('>M8[us]').__reduce__()[2])
          assert_raises(TypeError, dt.__setstate__, (4, '>', None, None, None, -1, -1, 0, ({}, 'xxx')))
          assert_(dt.__reduce__()[2] == np.dtype('>M8[us]').__reduce__()[2])
  
      def test_dtype_promotion(self):
          # datetime <op> datetime computes the metadata gcd
          # timedelta <op> timedelta computes the metadata gcd
          for mM in ['m', 'M']:
              assert_equal(
                  np.promote_types(np.dtype(mM+'8[2Y]'), np.dtype(mM+'8[2Y]')),
                  np.dtype(mM+'8[2Y]'))
              assert_equal(
                  np.promote_types(np.dtype(mM+'8[12Y]'), np.dtype(mM+'8[15Y]')),
                  np.dtype(mM+'8[3Y]'))
              assert_equal(
                  np.promote_types(np.dtype(mM+'8[62M]'), np.dtype(mM+'8[24M]')),
                  np.dtype(mM+'8[2M]'))
              assert_equal(
                  np.promote_types(np.dtype(mM+'8[1W]'), np.dtype(mM+'8[2D]')),
                  np.dtype(mM+'8[1D]'))
              assert_equal(
                  np.promote_types(np.dtype(mM+'8[W]'), np.dtype(mM+'8[13s]')),
                  np.dtype(mM+'8[s]'))
              assert_equal(
                  np.promote_types(np.dtype(mM+'8[13W]'), np.dtype(mM+'8[49s]')),
                  np.dtype(mM+'8[7s]'))
          # timedelta <op> timedelta raises when there is no reasonable gcd
          assert_raises(TypeError, np.promote_types,
                              np.dtype('m8[Y]'), np.dtype('m8[D]'))
          assert_raises(TypeError, np.promote_types,
                              np.dtype('m8[M]'), np.dtype('m8[W]'))
          # timedelta and float cannot be safely cast with each other
          assert_raises(TypeError, np.promote_types, "float32", "m8")
          assert_raises(TypeError, np.promote_types, "m8", "float32")
          assert_raises(TypeError, np.promote_types, "uint64", "m8")
          assert_raises(TypeError, np.promote_types, "m8", "uint64")
  
          # timedelta <op> timedelta may overflow with big unit ranges
          assert_raises(OverflowError, np.promote_types,
                              np.dtype('m8[W]'), np.dtype('m8[fs]'))
          assert_raises(OverflowError, np.promote_types,
                              np.dtype('m8[s]'), np.dtype('m8[as]'))
  
      def test_cast_overflow(self):
          # gh-4486
          def cast():
              numpy.datetime64("1971-01-01 00:00:00.000000000000000").astype("<M8[D]")
          assert_raises(OverflowError, cast)
  
          def cast2():
              numpy.datetime64("2014").astype("<M8[fs]")
          assert_raises(OverflowError, cast2)
  
      def test_pyobject_roundtrip(self):
          # All datetime types should be able to roundtrip through object
          a = np.array([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
                        -1020040340, -2942398, -1, 0, 1, 234523453, 1199164176],
                                                          dtype=np.int64)
          # With date units
          for unit in ['M8[D]', 'M8[W]', 'M8[M]', 'M8[Y]']:
              b = a.copy().view(dtype=unit)
              b[0] = '-0001-01-01'
              b[1] = '-0001-12-31'
              b[2] = '0000-01-01'
              b[3] = '0001-01-01'
              b[4] = '1969-12-31'
              b[5] = '1970-01-01'
              b[6] = '9999-12-31'
              b[7] = '10000-01-01'
              b[8] = 'NaT'
  
              assert_equal(b.astype(object).astype(unit), b,
                              "Error roundtripping unit %s" % unit)
          # With time units
          for unit in ['M8[as]', 'M8[16fs]', 'M8[ps]', 'M8[us]',
                       'M8[300as]', 'M8[20us]']:
              b = a.copy().view(dtype=unit)
              b[0] = '-0001-01-01T00'
              b[1] = '-0001-12-31T00'
              b[2] = '0000-01-01T00'
              b[3] = '0001-01-01T00'
              b[4] = '1969-12-31T23:59:59.999999'
              b[5] = '1970-01-01T00'
              b[6] = '9999-12-31T23:59:59.999999'
              b[7] = '10000-01-01T00'
              b[8] = 'NaT'
  
              assert_equal(b.astype(object).astype(unit), b,
                              "Error roundtripping unit %s" % unit)
  
      def test_month_truncation(self):
          # Make sure that months are truncating correctly
          assert_equal(np.array('1945-03-01', dtype='M8[M]'),
                       np.array('1945-03-31', dtype='M8[M]'))
          assert_equal(np.array('1969-11-01', dtype='M8[M]'),
               np.array('1969-11-30T23:59:59.99999', dtype='M').astype('M8[M]'))
          assert_equal(np.array('1969-12-01', dtype='M8[M]'),
               np.array('1969-12-31T23:59:59.99999', dtype='M').astype('M8[M]'))
          assert_equal(np.array('1970-01-01', dtype='M8[M]'),
               np.array('1970-01-31T23:59:59.99999', dtype='M').astype('M8[M]'))
          assert_equal(np.array('1980-02-01', dtype='M8[M]'),
               np.array('1980-02-29T23:59:59.99999', dtype='M').astype('M8[M]'))
  
      def test_different_unit_comparison(self):
          # Check some years with date units
          for unit1 in ['Y', 'M', 'D']:
              dt1 = np.dtype('M8[%s]' % unit1)
              for unit2 in ['Y', 'M', 'D']:
                  dt2 = np.dtype('M8[%s]' % unit2)
                  assert_equal(np.array('1945', dtype=dt1),
                               np.array('1945', dtype=dt2))
                  assert_equal(np.array('1970', dtype=dt1),
                               np.array('1970', dtype=dt2))
                  assert_equal(np.array('9999', dtype=dt1),
                               np.array('9999', dtype=dt2))
                  assert_equal(np.array('10000', dtype=dt1),
                               np.array('10000-01-01', dtype=dt2))
                  assert_equal(np.datetime64('1945', unit1),
                               np.datetime64('1945', unit2))
                  assert_equal(np.datetime64('1970', unit1),
                               np.datetime64('1970', unit2))
                  assert_equal(np.datetime64('9999', unit1),
                               np.datetime64('9999', unit2))
                  assert_equal(np.datetime64('10000', unit1),
                               np.datetime64('10000-01-01', unit2))
          # Check some datetimes with time units
          for unit1 in ['6h', 'h', 'm', 's', '10ms', 'ms', 'us']:
              dt1 = np.dtype('M8[%s]' % unit1)
              for unit2 in ['h', 'm', 's', 'ms', 'us']:
                  dt2 = np.dtype('M8[%s]' % unit2)
                  assert_equal(np.array('1945-03-12T18', dtype=dt1),
                               np.array('1945-03-12T18', dtype=dt2))
                  assert_equal(np.array('1970-03-12T18', dtype=dt1),
                               np.array('1970-03-12T18', dtype=dt2))
                  assert_equal(np.array('9999-03-12T18', dtype=dt1),
                               np.array('9999-03-12T18', dtype=dt2))
                  assert_equal(np.array('10000-01-01T00', dtype=dt1),
                               np.array('10000-01-01T00', dtype=dt2))
                  assert_equal(np.datetime64('1945-03-12T18', unit1),
                               np.datetime64('1945-03-12T18', unit2))
                  assert_equal(np.datetime64('1970-03-12T18', unit1),
                               np.datetime64('1970-03-12T18', unit2))
                  assert_equal(np.datetime64('9999-03-12T18', unit1),
                               np.datetime64('9999-03-12T18', unit2))
                  assert_equal(np.datetime64('10000-01-01T00', unit1),
                               np.datetime64('10000-01-01T00', unit2))
          # Check some days with units that won't overflow
          for unit1 in ['D', '12h', 'h', 'm', 's', '4s', 'ms', 'us']:
              dt1 = np.dtype('M8[%s]' % unit1)
              for unit2 in ['D', 'h', 'm', 's', 'ms', 'us']:
                  dt2 = np.dtype('M8[%s]' % unit2)
                  assert_(np.equal(np.array('1932-02-17', dtype='M').astype(dt1),
                       np.array('1932-02-17T00:00:00', dtype='M').astype(dt2),
                       casting='unsafe'))
                  assert_(np.equal(np.array('10000-04-27', dtype='M').astype(dt1),
                       np.array('10000-04-27T00:00:00', dtype='M').astype(dt2),
                       casting='unsafe'))
  
          # Shouldn't be able to compare datetime and timedelta
          # TODO: Changing to 'same_kind' or 'safe' casting in the ufuncs by
          #       default is needed to properly catch this kind of thing...
          a = np.array('2012-12-21', dtype='M8[D]')
          b = np.array(3, dtype='m8[D]')
          #assert_raises(TypeError, np.less, a, b)
          assert_raises(TypeError, np.less, a, b, casting='same_kind')
  
      def test_datetime_like(self):
          a = np.array([3], dtype='m8[4D]')
          b = np.array(['2012-12-21'], dtype='M8[D]')
  
          assert_equal(np.ones_like(a).dtype, a.dtype)
          assert_equal(np.zeros_like(a).dtype, a.dtype)
          assert_equal(np.empty_like(a).dtype, a.dtype)
          assert_equal(np.ones_like(b).dtype, b.dtype)
          assert_equal(np.zeros_like(b).dtype, b.dtype)
          assert_equal(np.empty_like(b).dtype, b.dtype)
  
      def test_datetime_unary(self):
          for tda, tdb, tdzero, tdone, tdmone in \
                  [
                   # One-dimensional arrays
                   (np.array([3], dtype='m8[D]'),
                    np.array([-3], dtype='m8[D]'),
                    np.array([0], dtype='m8[D]'),
                    np.array([1], dtype='m8[D]'),
                    np.array([-1], dtype='m8[D]')),
                   # NumPy scalars
                   (np.timedelta64(3, '[D]'),
                    np.timedelta64(-3, '[D]'),
                    np.timedelta64(0, '[D]'),
                    np.timedelta64(1, '[D]'),
                    np.timedelta64(-1, '[D]'))]:
              # negative ufunc
              assert_equal(-tdb, tda)
              assert_equal((-tdb).dtype, tda.dtype)
              assert_equal(np.negative(tdb), tda)
              assert_equal(np.negative(tdb).dtype, tda.dtype)
  
              # positive ufunc
              assert_equal(np.positive(tda), tda)
              assert_equal(np.positive(tda).dtype, tda.dtype)
              assert_equal(np.positive(tdb), tdb)
              assert_equal(np.positive(tdb).dtype, tdb.dtype)
  
              # absolute ufunc
              assert_equal(np.absolute(tdb), tda)
              assert_equal(np.absolute(tdb).dtype, tda.dtype)
  
              # sign ufunc
              assert_equal(np.sign(tda), tdone)
              assert_equal(np.sign(tdb), tdmone)
              assert_equal(np.sign(tdzero), tdzero)
              assert_equal(np.sign(tda).dtype, tda.dtype)
  
              # The ufuncs always produce native-endian results
              assert_
  
      def test_datetime_add(self):
          for dta, dtb, dtc, dtnat, tda, tdb, tdc in \
                      [
                       # One-dimensional arrays
                       (np.array(['2012-12-21'], dtype='M8[D]'),
                        np.array(['2012-12-24'], dtype='M8[D]'),
                        np.array(['2012-12-21T11'], dtype='M8[h]'),
                        np.array(['NaT'], dtype='M8[D]'),
                        np.array([3], dtype='m8[D]'),
                        np.array([11], dtype='m8[h]'),
                        np.array([3*24 + 11], dtype='m8[h]')),
                       # NumPy scalars
                       (np.datetime64('2012-12-21', '[D]'),
                        np.datetime64('2012-12-24', '[D]'),
                        np.datetime64('2012-12-21T11', '[h]'),
                        np.datetime64('NaT', '[D]'),
                        np.timedelta64(3, '[D]'),
                        np.timedelta64(11, '[h]'),
                        np.timedelta64(3*24 + 11, '[h]'))]:
              # m8 + m8
              assert_equal(tda + tdb, tdc)
              assert_equal((tda + tdb).dtype, np.dtype('m8[h]'))
              # m8 + bool
              assert_equal(tdb + True, tdb + 1)
              assert_equal((tdb + True).dtype, np.dtype('m8[h]'))
              # m8 + int
              assert_equal(tdb + 3*24, tdc)
              assert_equal((tdb + 3*24).dtype, np.dtype('m8[h]'))
              # bool + m8
              assert_equal(False + tdb, tdb)
              assert_equal((False + tdb).dtype, np.dtype('m8[h]'))
              # int + m8
              assert_equal(3*24 + tdb, tdc)
              assert_equal((3*24 + tdb).dtype, np.dtype('m8[h]'))
              # M8 + bool
              assert_equal(dta + True, dta + 1)
              assert_equal(dtnat + True, dtnat)
              assert_equal((dta + True).dtype, np.dtype('M8[D]'))
              # M8 + int
              assert_equal(dta + 3, dtb)
              assert_equal(dtnat + 3, dtnat)
              assert_equal((dta + 3).dtype, np.dtype('M8[D]'))
              # bool + M8
              assert_equal(False + dta, dta)
              assert_equal(False + dtnat, dtnat)
              assert_equal((False + dta).dtype, np.dtype('M8[D]'))
              # int + M8
              assert_equal(3 + dta, dtb)
              assert_equal(3 + dtnat, dtnat)
              assert_equal((3 + dta).dtype, np.dtype('M8[D]'))
              # M8 + m8
              assert_equal(dta + tda, dtb)
              assert_equal(dtnat + tda, dtnat)
              assert_equal((dta + tda).dtype, np.dtype('M8[D]'))
              # m8 + M8
              assert_equal(tda + dta, dtb)
              assert_equal(tda + dtnat, dtnat)
              assert_equal((tda + dta).dtype, np.dtype('M8[D]'))
  
              # In M8 + m8, the result goes to higher precision
              assert_equal(np.add(dta, tdb, casting='unsafe'), dtc)
              assert_equal(np.add(dta, tdb, casting='unsafe').dtype,
                           np.dtype('M8[h]'))
              assert_equal(np.add(tdb, dta, casting='unsafe'), dtc)
              assert_equal(np.add(tdb, dta, casting='unsafe').dtype,
                           np.dtype('M8[h]'))
  
              # M8 + M8
              assert_raises(TypeError, np.add, dta, dtb)
  
      def test_datetime_subtract(self):
          for dta, dtb, dtc, dtd, dte, dtnat, tda, tdb, tdc in \
                      [
                       # One-dimensional arrays
                       (np.array(['2012-12-21'], dtype='M8[D]'),
                        np.array(['2012-12-24'], dtype='M8[D]'),
                        np.array(['1940-12-24'], dtype='M8[D]'),
                        np.array(['1940-12-24T00'], dtype='M8[h]'),
                        np.array(['1940-12-23T13'], dtype='M8[h]'),
                        np.array(['NaT'], dtype='M8[D]'),
                        np.array([3], dtype='m8[D]'),
                        np.array([11], dtype='m8[h]'),
                        np.array([3*24 - 11], dtype='m8[h]')),
                       # NumPy scalars
                       (np.datetime64('2012-12-21', '[D]'),
                        np.datetime64('2012-12-24', '[D]'),
                        np.datetime64('1940-12-24', '[D]'),
                        np.datetime64('1940-12-24T00', '[h]'),
                        np.datetime64('1940-12-23T13', '[h]'),
                        np.datetime64('NaT', '[D]'),
                        np.timedelta64(3, '[D]'),
                        np.timedelta64(11, '[h]'),
                        np.timedelta64(3*24 - 11, '[h]'))]:
              # m8 - m8
              assert_equal(tda - tdb, tdc)
              assert_equal((tda - tdb).dtype, np.dtype('m8[h]'))
              assert_equal(tdb - tda, -tdc)
              assert_equal((tdb - tda).dtype, np.dtype('m8[h]'))
              # m8 - bool
              assert_equal(tdc - True, tdc - 1)
              assert_equal((tdc - True).dtype, np.dtype('m8[h]'))
              # m8 - int
              assert_equal(tdc - 3*24, -tdb)
              assert_equal((tdc - 3*24).dtype, np.dtype('m8[h]'))
              # int - m8
              assert_equal(False - tdb, -tdb)
              assert_equal((False - tdb).dtype, np.dtype('m8[h]'))
              # int - m8
              assert_equal(3*24 - tdb, tdc)
              assert_equal((3*24 - tdb).dtype, np.dtype('m8[h]'))
              # M8 - bool
              assert_equal(dtb - True, dtb - 1)
              assert_equal(dtnat - True, dtnat)
              assert_equal((dtb - True).dtype, np.dtype('M8[D]'))
              # M8 - int
              assert_equal(dtb - 3, dta)
              assert_equal(dtnat - 3, dtnat)
              assert_equal((dtb - 3).dtype, np.dtype('M8[D]'))
              # M8 - m8
              assert_equal(dtb - tda, dta)
              assert_equal(dtnat - tda, dtnat)
              assert_equal((dtb - tda).dtype, np.dtype('M8[D]'))
  
              # In M8 - m8, the result goes to higher precision
              assert_equal(np.subtract(dtc, tdb, casting='unsafe'), dte)
              assert_equal(np.subtract(dtc, tdb, casting='unsafe').dtype,
                           np.dtype('M8[h]'))
  
              # M8 - M8 with different goes to higher precision
              assert_equal(np.subtract(dtc, dtd, casting='unsafe'),
                           np.timedelta64(0, 'h'))
              assert_equal(np.subtract(dtc, dtd, casting='unsafe').dtype,
                           np.dtype('m8[h]'))
              assert_equal(np.subtract(dtd, dtc, casting='unsafe'),
                           np.timedelta64(0, 'h'))
              assert_equal(np.subtract(dtd, dtc, casting='unsafe').dtype,
                           np.dtype('m8[h]'))
  
              # m8 - M8
              assert_raises(TypeError, np.subtract, tda, dta)
              # bool - M8
              assert_raises(TypeError, np.subtract, False, dta)
              # int - M8
              assert_raises(TypeError, np.subtract, 3, dta)
  
      def test_datetime_multiply(self):
          for dta, tda, tdb, tdc in \
                      [
                       # One-dimensional arrays
                       (np.array(['2012-12-21'], dtype='M8[D]'),
                        np.array([6], dtype='m8[h]'),
                        np.array([9], dtype='m8[h]'),
                        np.array([12], dtype='m8[h]')),
                       # NumPy scalars
                       (np.datetime64('2012-12-21', '[D]'),
                        np.timedelta64(6, '[h]'),
                        np.timedelta64(9, '[h]'),
                        np.timedelta64(12, '[h]'))]:
              # m8 * int
              assert_equal(tda * 2, tdc)
              assert_equal((tda * 2).dtype, np.dtype('m8[h]'))
              # int * m8
              assert_equal(2 * tda, tdc)
              assert_equal((2 * tda).dtype, np.dtype('m8[h]'))
              # m8 * float
              assert_equal(tda * 1.5, tdb)
              assert_equal((tda * 1.5).dtype, np.dtype('m8[h]'))
              # float * m8
              assert_equal(1.5 * tda, tdb)
              assert_equal((1.5 * tda).dtype, np.dtype('m8[h]'))
  
              # m8 * m8
              assert_raises(TypeError, np.multiply, tda, tdb)
              # m8 * M8
              assert_raises(TypeError, np.multiply, dta, tda)
              # M8 * m8
              assert_raises(TypeError, np.multiply, tda, dta)
              # M8 * int
              assert_raises(TypeError, np.multiply, dta, 2)
              # int * M8
              assert_raises(TypeError, np.multiply, 2, dta)
              # M8 * float
              assert_raises(TypeError, np.multiply, dta, 1.5)
              # float * M8
              assert_raises(TypeError, np.multiply, 1.5, dta)
  
          # NaTs
          with suppress_warnings() as sup:
              sup.filter(RuntimeWarning, "invalid value encountered in multiply")
              nat = np.timedelta64('NaT')
              def check(a, b, res):
                  assert_equal(a * b, res)
                  assert_equal(b * a, res)
              for tp in (int, float):
                  check(nat, tp(2), nat)
                  check(nat, tp(0), nat)
              for f in (float('inf'), float('nan')):
                  check(np.timedelta64(1), f, nat)
                  check(np.timedelta64(0), f, nat)
                  check(nat, f, nat)
  
      @pytest.mark.parametrize("op1, op2, exp", [
          # m8 same units round down
          (np.timedelta64(7, 's'),
           np.timedelta64(4, 's'),
           1),
          # m8 same units round down with negative
          (np.timedelta64(7, 's'),
           np.timedelta64(-4, 's'),
           -2),
          # m8 same units negative no round down
          (np.timedelta64(8, 's'),
           np.timedelta64(-4, 's'),
           -2),
          # m8 different units
          (np.timedelta64(1, 'm'),
           np.timedelta64(31, 's'),
           1),
          # m8 generic units
          (np.timedelta64(1890),
           np.timedelta64(31),
           60),
          # Y // M works
          (np.timedelta64(2, 'Y'),
           np.timedelta64('13', 'M'),
           1),
          # handle 1D arrays
          (np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype='m8'),
           np.array([2], dtype='m8'),
           np.array([0, 1, 1], dtype=np.int64)),
          ])
      def test_timedelta_floor_divide(self, op1, op2, exp):
          assert_equal(op1 // op2, exp)
  
      @pytest.mark.parametrize("op1, op2", [
          # div by 0
          (np.timedelta64(10, 'us'),
           np.timedelta64(0, 'us')),
          # div with NaT
          (np.timedelta64('NaT'),
           np.timedelta64(50, 'us')),
          # special case for int64 min
          # in integer floor division
          (np.timedelta64(np.iinfo(np.int64).min),
           np.timedelta64(-1)),
          ])
      def test_timedelta_floor_div_warnings(self, op1, op2):
          with assert_warns(RuntimeWarning):
              actual = op1 // op2
              assert_equal(actual, 0)
              assert_equal(actual.dtype, np.int64)
  
      @pytest.mark.parametrize("val1, val2", [
          # the smallest integer that can't be represented
          # exactly in a double should be preserved if we avoid
          # casting to double in floordiv operation
          (9007199254740993, 1),
          # stress the alternate floordiv code path where
          # operand signs don't match and remainder isn't 0
          (9007199254740999, -2),
          ])
      def test_timedelta_floor_div_precision(self, val1, val2):
          op1 = np.timedelta64(val1)
          op2 = np.timedelta64(val2)
          actual = op1 // op2
          # Python reference integer floor
          expected = val1 // val2
          assert_equal(actual, expected)
  
      @pytest.mark.parametrize("val1, val2", [
          # years and months sometimes can't be unambiguously
          # divided for floor division operation
          (np.timedelta64(7, 'Y'),
           np.timedelta64(3, 's')),
          (np.timedelta64(7, 'M'),
           np.timedelta64(1, 'D')),
          ])
      def test_timedelta_floor_div_error(self, val1, val2):
          with assert_raises_regex(TypeError, "common metadata divisor"):
              val1 // val2
  
      @pytest.mark.parametrize("op1, op2", [
          # reuse the test cases from floordiv
          (np.timedelta64(7, 's'),
           np.timedelta64(4, 's')),
          # m8 same units round down with negative
          (np.timedelta64(7, 's'),
           np.timedelta64(-4, 's')),
          # m8 same units negative no round down
          (np.timedelta64(8, 's'),
           np.timedelta64(-4, 's')),
          # m8 different units
          (np.timedelta64(1, 'm'),
           np.timedelta64(31, 's')),
          # m8 generic units
          (np.timedelta64(1890),
           np.timedelta64(31)),
          # Y // M works
          (np.timedelta64(2, 'Y'),
           np.timedelta64('13', 'M')),
          # handle 1D arrays
          (np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype='m8'),
           np.array([2], dtype='m8')),
          ])
      def test_timedelta_divmod(self, op1, op2):
          expected = (op1 // op2, op1 % op2)
          assert_equal(divmod(op1, op2), expected)
  
      @pytest.mark.parametrize("op1, op2", [
          # reuse cases from floordiv
          # div by 0
          (np.timedelta64(10, 'us'),
           np.timedelta64(0, 'us')),
          # div with NaT
          (np.timedelta64('NaT'),
           np.timedelta64(50, 'us')),
          # special case for int64 min
          # in integer floor division
          (np.timedelta64(np.iinfo(np.int64).min),
           np.timedelta64(-1)),
          ])
      def test_timedelta_divmod_warnings(self, op1, op2):
          with assert_warns(RuntimeWarning):
              expected = (op1 // op2, op1 % op2)
          with assert_warns(RuntimeWarning):
              actual = divmod(op1, op2)
          assert_equal(actual, expected)
  
      def test_datetime_divide(self):
          for dta, tda, tdb, tdc, tdd in \
                      [
                       # One-dimensional arrays
                       (np.array(['2012-12-21'], dtype='M8[D]'),
                        np.array([6], dtype='m8[h]'),
                        np.array([9], dtype='m8[h]'),
                        np.array([12], dtype='m8[h]'),
                        np.array([6], dtype='m8[m]')),
                       # NumPy scalars
                       (np.datetime64('2012-12-21', '[D]'),
                        np.timedelta64(6, '[h]'),
                        np.timedelta64(9, '[h]'),
                        np.timedelta64(12, '[h]'),
                        np.timedelta64(6, '[m]'))]:
              # m8 / int
              assert_equal(tdc / 2, tda)
              assert_equal((tdc / 2).dtype, np.dtype('m8[h]'))
              # m8 / float
              assert_equal(tda / 0.5, tdc)
              assert_equal((tda / 0.5).dtype, np.dtype('m8[h]'))
              # m8 / m8
              assert_equal(tda / tdb, 6.0 / 9.0)
              assert_equal(np.divide(tda, tdb), 6.0 / 9.0)
              assert_equal(np.true_divide(tda, tdb), 6.0 / 9.0)
              assert_equal(tdb / tda, 9.0 / 6.0)
              assert_equal((tda / tdb).dtype, np.dtype('f8'))
              assert_equal(tda / tdd, 60.0)
              assert_equal(tdd / tda, 1.0 / 60.0)
  
              # int / m8
              assert_raises(TypeError, np.divide, 2, tdb)
              # float / m8
              assert_raises(TypeError, np.divide, 0.5, tdb)
              # m8 / M8
              assert_raises(TypeError, np.divide, dta, tda)
              # M8 / m8
              assert_raises(TypeError, np.divide, tda, dta)
              # M8 / int
              assert_raises(TypeError, np.divide, dta, 2)
              # int / M8
              assert_raises(TypeError, np.divide, 2, dta)
              # M8 / float
              assert_raises(TypeError, np.divide, dta, 1.5)
              # float / M8
              assert_raises(TypeError, np.divide, 1.5, dta)
  
          # NaTs
          with suppress_warnings() as sup:
              sup.filter(RuntimeWarning,  r".*encountered in true\_divide")
              nat = np.timedelta64('NaT')
              for tp in (int, float):
                  assert_equal(np.timedelta64(1) / tp(0), nat)
                  assert_equal(np.timedelta64(0) / tp(0), nat)
                  assert_equal(nat / tp(0), nat)
                  assert_equal(nat / tp(2), nat)
              # Division by inf
              assert_equal(np.timedelta64(1) / float('inf'), np.timedelta64(0))
              assert_equal(np.timedelta64(0) / float('inf'), np.timedelta64(0))
              assert_equal(nat / float('inf'), nat)
              # Division by nan
              assert_equal(np.timedelta64(1) / float('nan'), nat)
              assert_equal(np.timedelta64(0) / float('nan'), nat)
              assert_equal(nat / float('nan'), nat)
  
      def test_datetime_compare(self):
          # Test all the comparison operators
          a = np.datetime64('2000-03-12T18:00:00.000000')
          b = np.array(['2000-03-12T18:00:00.000000',
                        '2000-03-12T17:59:59.999999',
                        '2000-03-12T18:00:00.000001',
                        '1970-01-11T12:00:00.909090',
                        '2016-01-11T12:00:00.909090'],
                        dtype='datetime64[us]')
          assert_equal(np.equal(a, b), [1, 0, 0, 0, 0])
          assert_equal(np.not_equal(a, b), [0, 1, 1, 1, 1])
          assert_equal(np.less(a, b), [0, 0, 1, 0, 1])
          assert_equal(np.less_equal(a, b), [1, 0, 1, 0, 1])
          assert_equal(np.greater(a, b), [0, 1, 0, 1, 0])
          assert_equal(np.greater_equal(a, b), [1, 1, 0, 1, 0])
  
      def test_datetime_compare_nat(self):
          dt_nat = np.datetime64('NaT', 'D')
          dt_other = np.datetime64('2000-01-01')
          td_nat = np.timedelta64('NaT', 'h')
          td_other = np.timedelta64(1, 'h')
  
          for op in [np.equal, np.less, np.less_equal,
                     np.greater, np.greater_equal]:
              assert_(not op(dt_nat, dt_nat))
              assert_(not op(dt_nat, dt_other))
              assert_(not op(dt_other, dt_nat))
  
              assert_(not op(td_nat, td_nat))
              assert_(not op(td_nat, td_other))
              assert_(not op(td_other, td_nat))
  
          assert_(np.not_equal(dt_nat, dt_nat))
          assert_(np.not_equal(dt_nat, dt_other))
          assert_(np.not_equal(dt_other, dt_nat))
  
          assert_(np.not_equal(td_nat, td_nat))
          assert_(np.not_equal(td_nat, td_other))
          assert_(np.not_equal(td_other, td_nat))
  
      def test_datetime_minmax(self):
          # The metadata of the result should become the GCD
          # of the operand metadata
          a = np.array('1999-03-12T13', dtype='M8[2m]')
          b = np.array('1999-03-12T12', dtype='M8[s]')
          assert_equal(np.minimum(a, b), b)
          assert_equal(np.minimum(a, b).dtype, np.dtype('M8[s]'))
          assert_equal(np.fmin(a, b), b)
          assert_equal(np.fmin(a, b).dtype, np.dtype('M8[s]'))
          assert_equal(np.maximum(a, b), a)
          assert_equal(np.maximum(a, b).dtype, np.dtype('M8[s]'))
          assert_equal(np.fmax(a, b), a)
          assert_equal(np.fmax(a, b).dtype, np.dtype('M8[s]'))
          # Viewed as integers, the comparison is opposite because
          # of the units chosen
          assert_equal(np.minimum(a.view('i8'), b.view('i8')), a.view('i8'))
  
          # Interaction with NaT
          a = np.array('1999-03-12T13', dtype='M8[2m]')
          dtnat = np.array('NaT', dtype='M8[h]')
          assert_equal(np.minimum(a, dtnat), dtnat)
          assert_equal(np.minimum(dtnat, a), dtnat)
          assert_equal(np.maximum(a, dtnat), dtnat)
          assert_equal(np.maximum(dtnat, a), dtnat)
          assert_equal(np.fmin(dtnat, a), a)
          assert_equal(np.fmin(a, dtnat), a)
          assert_equal(np.fmax(dtnat, a), a)
          assert_equal(np.fmax(a, dtnat), a)
  
          # Also do timedelta
          a = np.array(3, dtype='m8[h]')
          b = np.array(3*3600 - 3, dtype='m8[s]')
          assert_equal(np.minimum(a, b), b)
          assert_equal(np.minimum(a, b).dtype, np.dtype('m8[s]'))
          assert_equal(np.fmin(a, b), b)
          assert_equal(np.fmin(a, b).dtype, np.dtype('m8[s]'))
          assert_equal(np.maximum(a, b), a)
          assert_equal(np.maximum(a, b).dtype, np.dtype('m8[s]'))
          assert_equal(np.fmax(a, b), a)
          assert_equal(np.fmax(a, b).dtype, np.dtype('m8[s]'))
          # Viewed as integers, the comparison is opposite because
          # of the units chosen
          assert_equal(np.minimum(a.view('i8'), b.view('i8')), a.view('i8'))
  
          # should raise between datetime and timedelta
          #
          # TODO: Allowing unsafe casting by
          #       default in ufuncs strikes again... :(
          a = np.array(3, dtype='m8[h]')
          b = np.array('1999-03-12T12', dtype='M8[s]')
          #assert_raises(TypeError, np.minimum, a, b)
          #assert_raises(TypeError, np.maximum, a, b)
          #assert_raises(TypeError, np.fmin, a, b)
          #assert_raises(TypeError, np.fmax, a, b)
          assert_raises(TypeError, np.minimum, a, b, casting='same_kind')
          assert_raises(TypeError, np.maximum, a, b, casting='same_kind')
          assert_raises(TypeError, np.fmin, a, b, casting='same_kind')
          assert_raises(TypeError, np.fmax, a, b, casting='same_kind')
  
      def test_hours(self):
          t = np.ones(3, dtype='M8[s]')
          t[0] = 60*60*24 + 60*60*10
          assert_(t[0].item().hour == 10)
  
      def test_divisor_conversion_year(self):
          assert_(np.dtype('M8[Y/4]') == np.dtype('M8[3M]'))
          assert_(np.dtype('M8[Y/13]') == np.dtype('M8[4W]'))
          assert_(np.dtype('M8[3Y/73]') == np.dtype('M8[15D]'))
  
      def test_divisor_conversion_month(self):
          assert_(np.dtype('M8[M/2]') == np.dtype('M8[2W]'))
          assert_(np.dtype('M8[M/15]') == np.dtype('M8[2D]'))
          assert_(np.dtype('M8[3M/40]') == np.dtype('M8[54h]'))
  
      def test_divisor_conversion_week(self):
          assert_(np.dtype('m8[W/7]') == np.dtype('m8[D]'))
          assert_(np.dtype('m8[3W/14]') == np.dtype('m8[36h]'))
          assert_(np.dtype('m8[5W/140]') == np.dtype('m8[360m]'))
  
      def test_divisor_conversion_day(self):
          assert_(np.dtype('M8[D/12]') == np.dtype('M8[2h]'))
          assert_(np.dtype('M8[D/120]') == np.dtype('M8[12m]'))
          assert_(np.dtype('M8[3D/960]') == np.dtype('M8[270s]'))
  
      def test_divisor_conversion_hour(self):
          assert_(np.dtype('m8[h/30]') == np.dtype('m8[2m]'))
          assert_(np.dtype('m8[3h/300]') == np.dtype('m8[36s]'))
  
      def test_divisor_conversion_minute(self):
          assert_(np.dtype('m8[m/30]') == np.dtype('m8[2s]'))
          assert_(np.dtype('m8[3m/300]') == np.dtype('m8[600ms]'))
  
      def test_divisor_conversion_second(self):
          assert_(np.dtype('m8[s/100]') == np.dtype('m8[10ms]'))
          assert_(np.dtype('m8[3s/10000]') == np.dtype('m8[300us]'))
  
      def test_divisor_conversion_fs(self):
          assert_(np.dtype('M8[fs/100]') == np.dtype('M8[10as]'))
          assert_raises(ValueError, lambda: np.dtype('M8[3fs/10000]'))
  
      def test_divisor_conversion_as(self):
          assert_raises(ValueError, lambda: np.dtype('M8[as/10]'))
  
      def test_string_parser_variants(self):
          # Allow space instead of 'T' between date and time
          assert_equal(np.array(['1980-02-29T01:02:03'], np.dtype('M8[s]')),
                       np.array(['1980-02-29 01:02:03'], np.dtype('M8[s]')))
          # Allow positive years
          assert_equal(np.array(['+1980-02-29T01:02:03'], np.dtype('M8[s]')),
                       np.array(['+1980-02-29 01:02:03'], np.dtype('M8[s]')))
          # Allow negative years
          assert_equal(np.array(['-1980-02-29T01:02:03'], np.dtype('M8[s]')),
                       np.array(['-1980-02-29 01:02:03'], np.dtype('M8[s]')))
          # UTC specifier
          with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
              assert_equal(
                  np.array(['+1980-02-29T01:02:03'], np.dtype('M8[s]')),
                  np.array(['+1980-02-29 01:02:03Z'], np.dtype('M8[s]')))
          with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
              assert_equal(
                  np.array(['-1980-02-29T01:02:03'], np.dtype('M8[s]')),
                  np.array(['-1980-02-29 01:02:03Z'], np.dtype('M8[s]')))
          # Time zone offset
          with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
              assert_equal(
                  np.array(['1980-02-29T02:02:03'], np.dtype('M8[s]')),
                  np.array(['1980-02-29 00:32:03-0130'], np.dtype('M8[s]')))
          with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
              assert_equal(
                  np.array(['1980-02-28T22:32:03'], np.dtype('M8[s]')),
                  np.array(['1980-02-29 00:02:03+01:30'], np.dtype('M8[s]')))
          with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
              assert_equal(
                  np.array(['1980-02-29T02:32:03.506'], np.dtype('M8[s]')),
                  np.array(['1980-02-29 00:32:03.506-02'], np.dtype('M8[s]')))
          with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
              assert_equal(np.datetime64('1977-03-02T12:30-0230'),
                           np.datetime64('1977-03-02T15:00'))
  
      def test_string_parser_error_check(self):
          # Arbitrary bad string
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['badvalue'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
          # Character after year must be '-'
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980X'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
          # Cannot have trailing '-'
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
          # Month must be in range [1,12]
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-00'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-13'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
          # Month must have two digits
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-1'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-1-02'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
          # 'Mor' is not a valid month
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-Mor'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
          # Cannot have trailing '-'
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-01-'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
          # Day must be in range [1,len(month)]
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-01-0'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-01-00'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-01-32'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1979-02-29'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-02-30'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-03-32'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-04-31'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-05-32'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-06-31'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-07-32'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-08-32'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-09-31'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-10-32'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-11-31'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-12-32'], np.dtype('M8[us]'))
          # Cannot have trailing characters
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-02-03%'],
                                                          np.dtype('M8[us]'))
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-02-03 q'],
                                                          np.dtype('M8[us]'))
  
          # Hours must be in range [0, 23]
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-02-03 25'],
                                                          np.dtype('M8[us]'))
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-02-03T25'],
                                                          np.dtype('M8[us]'))
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-02-03 24:01'],
                                                          np.dtype('M8[us]'))
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-02-03T24:01'],
                                                          np.dtype('M8[us]'))
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-02-03 -1'],
                                                          np.dtype('M8[us]'))
          # No trailing ':'
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-02-03 01:'],
                                                          np.dtype('M8[us]'))
          # Minutes must be in range [0, 59]
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-02-03 01:-1'],
                                                          np.dtype('M8[us]'))
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-02-03 01:60'],
                                                          np.dtype('M8[us]'))
          # No trailing ':'
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-02-03 01:60:'],
                                                          np.dtype('M8[us]'))
          # Seconds must be in range [0, 59]
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-02-03 01:10:-1'],
                                                          np.dtype('M8[us]'))
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-02-03 01:01:60'],
                                                          np.dtype('M8[us]'))
          # Timezone offset must within a reasonable range
          with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
              assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-02-03 01:01:00+0661'],
                                                              np.dtype('M8[us]'))
          with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
              assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-02-03 01:01:00+2500'],
                                                              np.dtype('M8[us]'))
          with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
              assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-02-03 01:01:00-0070'],
                                                              np.dtype('M8[us]'))
          with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
              assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-02-03 01:01:00-3000'],
                                                              np.dtype('M8[us]'))
          with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
              assert_raises(ValueError, np.array, ['1980-02-03 01:01:00-25:00'],
                                                              np.dtype('M8[us]'))
  
      def test_creation_overflow(self):
          date = '1980-03-23 20:00:00'
          timesteps = np.array([date], dtype='datetime64[s]')[0].astype(np.int64)
          for unit in ['ms', 'us', 'ns']:
              timesteps *= 1000
              x = np.array([date], dtype='datetime64[%s]' % unit)
  
              assert_equal(timesteps, x[0].astype(np.int64),
                           err_msg='Datetime conversion error for unit %s' % unit)
  
          assert_equal(x[0].astype(np.int64), 322689600000000000)
  
          # gh-13062
          with pytest.raises(OverflowError):
              np.datetime64(2**64, 'D')
          with pytest.raises(OverflowError):
              np.timedelta64(2**64, 'D')
  
      def test_datetime_as_string(self):
          # Check all the units with default string conversion
          date = '1959-10-13'
          datetime = '1959-10-13T12:34:56.789012345678901234'
  
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(np.datetime64(date, 'Y')),
                       '1959')
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(np.datetime64(date, 'M')),
                       '1959-10')
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(np.datetime64(date, 'D')),
                       '1959-10-13')
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(np.datetime64(datetime, 'h')),
                       '1959-10-13T12')
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(np.datetime64(datetime, 'm')),
                       '1959-10-13T12:34')
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(np.datetime64(datetime, 's')),
                       '1959-10-13T12:34:56')
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(np.datetime64(datetime, 'ms')),
                       '1959-10-13T12:34:56.789')
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(np.datetime64(datetime, 'us')),
                       '1959-10-13T12:34:56.789012')
  
          datetime = '1969-12-31T23:34:56.789012345678901234'
  
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(np.datetime64(datetime, 'ns')),
                       '1969-12-31T23:34:56.789012345')
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(np.datetime64(datetime, 'ps')),
                       '1969-12-31T23:34:56.789012345678')
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(np.datetime64(datetime, 'fs')),
                       '1969-12-31T23:34:56.789012345678901')
  
          datetime = '1969-12-31T23:59:57.789012345678901234'
  
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(np.datetime64(datetime, 'as')),
                       datetime)
          datetime = '1970-01-01T00:34:56.789012345678901234'
  
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(np.datetime64(datetime, 'ns')),
                       '1970-01-01T00:34:56.789012345')
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(np.datetime64(datetime, 'ps')),
                       '1970-01-01T00:34:56.789012345678')
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(np.datetime64(datetime, 'fs')),
                       '1970-01-01T00:34:56.789012345678901')
  
          datetime = '1970-01-01T00:00:05.789012345678901234'
  
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(np.datetime64(datetime, 'as')),
                       datetime)
  
          # String conversion with the unit= parameter
          a = np.datetime64('2032-07-18T12:23:34.123456', 'us')
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(a, unit='Y', casting='unsafe'),
                              '2032')
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(a, unit='M', casting='unsafe'),
                              '2032-07')
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(a, unit='W', casting='unsafe'),
                              '2032-07-18')
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(a, unit='D', casting='unsafe'),
                              '2032-07-18')
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(a, unit='h'), '2032-07-18T12')
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(a, unit='m'),
                              '2032-07-18T12:23')
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(a, unit='s'),
                              '2032-07-18T12:23:34')
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(a, unit='ms'),
                              '2032-07-18T12:23:34.123')
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(a, unit='us'),
                              '2032-07-18T12:23:34.123456')
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(a, unit='ns'),
                              '2032-07-18T12:23:34.123456000')
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(a, unit='ps'),
                              '2032-07-18T12:23:34.123456000000')
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(a, unit='fs'),
                              '2032-07-18T12:23:34.123456000000000')
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(a, unit='as'),
                              '2032-07-18T12:23:34.123456000000000000')
  
          # unit='auto' parameter
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(
                  np.datetime64('2032-07-18T12:23:34.123456', 'us'), unit='auto'),
                  '2032-07-18T12:23:34.123456')
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(
                  np.datetime64('2032-07-18T12:23:34.12', 'us'), unit='auto'),
                  '2032-07-18T12:23:34.120')
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(
                  np.datetime64('2032-07-18T12:23:34', 'us'), unit='auto'),
                  '2032-07-18T12:23:34')
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(
                  np.datetime64('2032-07-18T12:23:00', 'us'), unit='auto'),
                  '2032-07-18T12:23')
          # 'auto' doesn't split up hour and minute
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(
                  np.datetime64('2032-07-18T12:00:00', 'us'), unit='auto'),
                  '2032-07-18T12:00')
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(
                  np.datetime64('2032-07-18T00:00:00', 'us'), unit='auto'),
                  '2032-07-18')
          # 'auto' doesn't split up the date
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(
                  np.datetime64('2032-07-01T00:00:00', 'us'), unit='auto'),
                  '2032-07-01')
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(
                  np.datetime64('2032-01-01T00:00:00', 'us'), unit='auto'),
                  '2032-01-01')
  
      @pytest.mark.skipif(not _has_pytz, reason="The pytz module is not available.")
      def test_datetime_as_string_timezone(self):
          # timezone='local' vs 'UTC'
          a = np.datetime64('2010-03-15T06:30', 'm')
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(a),
                  '2010-03-15T06:30')
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(a, timezone='naive'),
                  '2010-03-15T06:30')
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(a, timezone='UTC'),
                  '2010-03-15T06:30Z')
          assert_(np.datetime_as_string(a, timezone='local') !=
                  '2010-03-15T06:30')
  
          b = np.datetime64('2010-02-15T06:30', 'm')
  
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(a, timezone=tz('US/Central')),
                       '2010-03-15T01:30-0500')
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(a, timezone=tz('US/Eastern')),
                       '2010-03-15T02:30-0400')
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(a, timezone=tz('US/Pacific')),
                       '2010-03-14T23:30-0700')
  
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(b, timezone=tz('US/Central')),
                       '2010-02-15T00:30-0600')
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(b, timezone=tz('US/Eastern')),
                       '2010-02-15T01:30-0500')
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(b, timezone=tz('US/Pacific')),
                       '2010-02-14T22:30-0800')
  
          # Dates to strings with a timezone attached is disabled by default
          assert_raises(TypeError, np.datetime_as_string, a, unit='D',
                             timezone=tz('US/Pacific'))
          # Check that we can print out the date in the specified time zone
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(a, unit='D',
                             timezone=tz('US/Pacific'), casting='unsafe'),
                       '2010-03-14')
          assert_equal(np.datetime_as_string(b, unit='D',
                             timezone=tz('US/Central'), casting='unsafe'),
                       '2010-02-15')
  
      def test_datetime_arange(self):
          # With two datetimes provided as strings
          a = np.arange('2010-01-05', '2010-01-10', dtype='M8[D]')
          assert_equal(a.dtype, np.dtype('M8[D]'))
          assert_equal(a,
              np.array(['2010-01-05', '2010-01-06', '2010-01-07',
                        '2010-01-08', '2010-01-09'], dtype='M8[D]'))
  
          a = np.arange('1950-02-10', '1950-02-06', -1, dtype='M8[D]')
          assert_equal(a.dtype, np.dtype('M8[D]'))
          assert_equal(a,
              np.array(['1950-02-10', '1950-02-09', '1950-02-08',
                        '1950-02-07'], dtype='M8[D]'))
  
          # Unit should be detected as months here
          a = np.arange('1969-05', '1970-05', 2, dtype='M8')
          assert_equal(a.dtype, np.dtype('M8[M]'))
          assert_equal(a,
              np.datetime64('1969-05') + np.arange(12, step=2))
  
          # datetime, integer|timedelta works as well
          # produces arange (start, start + stop) in this case
          a = np.arange('1969', 18, 3, dtype='M8')
          assert_equal(a.dtype, np.dtype('M8[Y]'))
          assert_equal(a,
              np.datetime64('1969') + np.arange(18, step=3))
          a = np.arange('1969-12-19', 22, np.timedelta64(2), dtype='M8')
          assert_equal(a.dtype, np.dtype('M8[D]'))
          assert_equal(a,
              np.datetime64('1969-12-19') + np.arange(22, step=2))
  
          # Step of 0 is disallowed
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.arange, np.datetime64('today'),
                                  np.datetime64('today') + 3, 0)
          # Promotion across nonlinear unit boundaries is disallowed
          assert_raises(TypeError, np.arange, np.datetime64('2011-03-01', 'D'),
                                  np.timedelta64(5, 'M'))
          assert_raises(TypeError, np.arange,
                                  np.datetime64('2012-02-03T14', 's'),
                                  np.timedelta64(5, 'Y'))
  
      def test_datetime_arange_no_dtype(self):
          d = np.array('2010-01-04', dtype="M8[D]")
          assert_equal(np.arange(d, d + 1), d)
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.arange, d)
  
      def test_timedelta_arange(self):
          a = np.arange(3, 10, dtype='m8')
          assert_equal(a.dtype, np.dtype('m8'))
          assert_equal(a, np.timedelta64(0) + np.arange(3, 10))
  
          a = np.arange(np.timedelta64(3, 's'), 10, 2, dtype='m8')
          assert_equal(a.dtype, np.dtype('m8[s]'))
          assert_equal(a, np.timedelta64(0, 's') + np.arange(3, 10, 2))
  
          # Step of 0 is disallowed
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.arange, np.timedelta64(0),
                                  np.timedelta64(5), 0)
          # Promotion across nonlinear unit boundaries is disallowed
          assert_raises(TypeError, np.arange, np.timedelta64(0, 'D'),
                                  np.timedelta64(5, 'M'))
          assert_raises(TypeError, np.arange, np.timedelta64(0, 'Y'),
                                  np.timedelta64(5, 'D'))
  
      @pytest.mark.parametrize("val1, val2, expected", [
          # case from gh-12092
          (np.timedelta64(7, 's'),
           np.timedelta64(3, 's'),
           np.timedelta64(1, 's')),
          # negative value cases
          (np.timedelta64(3, 's'),
           np.timedelta64(-2, 's'),
           np.timedelta64(-1, 's')),
          (np.timedelta64(-3, 's'),
           np.timedelta64(2, 's'),
           np.timedelta64(1, 's')),
          # larger value cases
          (np.timedelta64(17, 's'),
           np.timedelta64(22, 's'),
           np.timedelta64(17, 's')),
          (np.timedelta64(22, 's'),
           np.timedelta64(17, 's'),
           np.timedelta64(5, 's')),
          # different units
          (np.timedelta64(1, 'm'),
           np.timedelta64(57, 's'),
           np.timedelta64(3, 's')),
          (np.timedelta64(1, 'us'),
           np.timedelta64(727, 'ns'),
           np.timedelta64(273, 'ns')),
          # NaT is propagated
          (np.timedelta64('NaT'),
           np.timedelta64(50, 'ns'),
           np.timedelta64('NaT')),
          # Y % M works
          (np.timedelta64(2, 'Y'),
           np.timedelta64(22, 'M'),
           np.timedelta64(2, 'M')),
          ])
      def test_timedelta_modulus(self, val1, val2, expected):
          assert_equal(val1 % val2, expected)
  
      @pytest.mark.parametrize("val1, val2", [
          # years and months sometimes can't be unambiguously
          # divided for modulus operation
          (np.timedelta64(7, 'Y'),
           np.timedelta64(3, 's')),
          (np.timedelta64(7, 'M'),
           np.timedelta64(1, 'D')),
          ])
      def test_timedelta_modulus_error(self, val1, val2):
          with assert_raises_regex(TypeError, "common metadata divisor"):
              val1 % val2
  
      def test_timedelta_modulus_div_by_zero(self):
          with assert_warns(RuntimeWarning):
              actual = np.timedelta64(10, 's') % np.timedelta64(0, 's')
              assert_equal(actual, np.timedelta64('NaT'))
  
      @pytest.mark.parametrize("val1, val2", [
          # cases where one operand is not
          # timedelta64
          (np.timedelta64(7, 'Y'),
           15,),
          (7.5,
           np.timedelta64(1, 'D')),
          ])
      def test_timedelta_modulus_type_resolution(self, val1, val2):
          # NOTE: some of the operations may be supported
          # in the future
          with assert_raises_regex(TypeError,
                                   "'remainder' cannot use operands with types"):
              val1 % val2
  
      def test_timedelta_arange_no_dtype(self):
          d = np.array(5, dtype="m8[D]")
          assert_equal(np.arange(d, d + 1), d)
          assert_equal(np.arange(d), np.arange(0, d))
  
      def test_datetime_maximum_reduce(self):
          a = np.array(['2010-01-02', '1999-03-14', '1833-03'], dtype='M8[D]')
          assert_equal(np.maximum.reduce(a).dtype, np.dtype('M8[D]'))
          assert_equal(np.maximum.reduce(a),
                       np.datetime64('2010-01-02'))
  
          a = np.array([1, 4, 0, 7, 2], dtype='m8[s]')
          assert_equal(np.maximum.reduce(a).dtype, np.dtype('m8[s]'))
          assert_equal(np.maximum.reduce(a),
                       np.timedelta64(7, 's'))
  
      def test_datetime_busday_offset(self):
          # First Monday in June
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2011-06', 0, roll='forward', weekmask='Mon'),
              np.datetime64('2011-06-06'))
          # Last Monday in June
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2011-07', -1, roll='forward', weekmask='Mon'),
              np.datetime64('2011-06-27'))
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2011-07', -1, roll='forward', weekmask='Mon'),
              np.datetime64('2011-06-27'))
  
          # Default M-F business days, different roll modes
          assert_equal(np.busday_offset('2010-08', 0, roll='backward'),
                       np.datetime64('2010-07-30'))
          assert_equal(np.busday_offset('2010-08', 0, roll='preceding'),
                       np.datetime64('2010-07-30'))
          assert_equal(np.busday_offset('2010-08', 0, roll='modifiedpreceding'),
                       np.datetime64('2010-08-02'))
          assert_equal(np.busday_offset('2010-08', 0, roll='modifiedfollowing'),
                       np.datetime64('2010-08-02'))
          assert_equal(np.busday_offset('2010-08', 0, roll='forward'),
                       np.datetime64('2010-08-02'))
          assert_equal(np.busday_offset('2010-08', 0, roll='following'),
                       np.datetime64('2010-08-02'))
          assert_equal(np.busday_offset('2010-10-30', 0, roll='following'),
                       np.datetime64('2010-11-01'))
          assert_equal(
                  np.busday_offset('2010-10-30', 0, roll='modifiedfollowing'),
                  np.datetime64('2010-10-29'))
          assert_equal(
                  np.busday_offset('2010-10-30', 0, roll='modifiedpreceding'),
                  np.datetime64('2010-10-29'))
          assert_equal(
                  np.busday_offset('2010-10-16', 0, roll='modifiedfollowing'),
                  np.datetime64('2010-10-18'))
          assert_equal(
                  np.busday_offset('2010-10-16', 0, roll='modifiedpreceding'),
                  np.datetime64('2010-10-15'))
          # roll='raise' by default
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.busday_offset, '2011-06-04', 0)
  
          # Bigger offset values
          assert_equal(np.busday_offset('2006-02-01', 25),
                       np.datetime64('2006-03-08'))
          assert_equal(np.busday_offset('2006-03-08', -25),
                       np.datetime64('2006-02-01'))
          assert_equal(np.busday_offset('2007-02-25', 11, weekmask='SatSun'),
                       np.datetime64('2007-04-07'))
          assert_equal(np.busday_offset('2007-04-07', -11, weekmask='SatSun'),
                       np.datetime64('2007-02-25'))
  
          # NaT values when roll is not raise
          assert_equal(np.busday_offset(np.datetime64('NaT'), 1, roll='nat'),
                       np.datetime64('NaT'))
          assert_equal(np.busday_offset(np.datetime64('NaT'), 1, roll='following'),
                       np.datetime64('NaT'))
          assert_equal(np.busday_offset(np.datetime64('NaT'), 1, roll='preceding'),
                       np.datetime64('NaT'))
  
      def test_datetime_busdaycalendar(self):
          # Check that it removes NaT, duplicates, and weekends
          # and sorts the result.
          bdd = np.busdaycalendar(
              holidays=['NaT', '2011-01-17', '2011-03-06', 'NaT',
                         '2011-12-26', '2011-05-30', '2011-01-17'])
          assert_equal(bdd.holidays,
              np.array(['2011-01-17', '2011-05-30', '2011-12-26'], dtype='M8'))
          # Default M-F weekmask
          assert_equal(bdd.weekmask, np.array([1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0], dtype='?'))
  
          # Check string weekmask with varying whitespace.
          bdd = np.busdaycalendar(weekmask="Sun TueWed  Thu\tFri")
          assert_equal(bdd.weekmask, np.array([0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1], dtype='?'))
  
          # Check length 7 0/1 string
          bdd = np.busdaycalendar(weekmask="0011001")
          assert_equal(bdd.weekmask, np.array([0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1], dtype='?'))
  
          # Check length 7 string weekmask.
          bdd = np.busdaycalendar(weekmask="Mon Tue")
          assert_equal(bdd.weekmask, np.array([1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], dtype='?'))
  
          # All-zeros weekmask should raise
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.busdaycalendar, weekmask=[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0])
          # weekday names must be correct case
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.busdaycalendar, weekmask="satsun")
          # All-zeros weekmask should raise
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.busdaycalendar, weekmask="")
          # Invalid weekday name codes should raise
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.busdaycalendar, weekmask="Mon Tue We")
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.busdaycalendar, weekmask="Max")
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.busdaycalendar, weekmask="Monday Tue")
  
      def test_datetime_busday_holidays_offset(self):
          # With exactly one holiday
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2011-11-10', 1, holidays=['2011-11-11']),
              np.datetime64('2011-11-14'))
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2011-11-04', 5, holidays=['2011-11-11']),
              np.datetime64('2011-11-14'))
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2011-11-10', 5, holidays=['2011-11-11']),
              np.datetime64('2011-11-18'))
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2011-11-14', -1, holidays=['2011-11-11']),
              np.datetime64('2011-11-10'))
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2011-11-18', -5, holidays=['2011-11-11']),
              np.datetime64('2011-11-10'))
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2011-11-14', -5, holidays=['2011-11-11']),
              np.datetime64('2011-11-04'))
          # With the holiday appearing twice
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2011-11-10', 1,
                  holidays=['2011-11-11', '2011-11-11']),
              np.datetime64('2011-11-14'))
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2011-11-14', -1,
                  holidays=['2011-11-11', '2011-11-11']),
              np.datetime64('2011-11-10'))
          # With a NaT holiday
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2011-11-10', 1,
                  holidays=['2011-11-11', 'NaT']),
              np.datetime64('2011-11-14'))
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2011-11-14', -1,
                  holidays=['NaT', '2011-11-11']),
              np.datetime64('2011-11-10'))
          # With another holiday after
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2011-11-10', 1,
                  holidays=['2011-11-11', '2011-11-24']),
              np.datetime64('2011-11-14'))
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2011-11-14', -1,
                  holidays=['2011-11-11', '2011-11-24']),
              np.datetime64('2011-11-10'))
          # With another holiday before
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2011-11-10', 1,
                  holidays=['2011-10-10', '2011-11-11']),
              np.datetime64('2011-11-14'))
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2011-11-14', -1,
                  holidays=['2011-10-10', '2011-11-11']),
              np.datetime64('2011-11-10'))
          # With another holiday before and after
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2011-11-10', 1,
                  holidays=['2011-10-10', '2011-11-11', '2011-11-24']),
              np.datetime64('2011-11-14'))
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2011-11-14', -1,
                  holidays=['2011-10-10', '2011-11-11', '2011-11-24']),
              np.datetime64('2011-11-10'))
  
          # A bigger forward jump across more than one week/holiday
          holidays = ['2011-10-10', '2011-11-11', '2011-11-24',
                    '2011-12-25', '2011-05-30', '2011-02-21',
                    '2011-12-26', '2012-01-02']
          bdd = np.busdaycalendar(weekmask='1111100', holidays=holidays)
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2011-10-03', 4, holidays=holidays),
              np.busday_offset('2011-10-03', 4))
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2011-10-03', 5, holidays=holidays),
              np.busday_offset('2011-10-03', 5 + 1))
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2011-10-03', 27, holidays=holidays),
              np.busday_offset('2011-10-03', 27 + 1))
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2011-10-03', 28, holidays=holidays),
              np.busday_offset('2011-10-03', 28 + 2))
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2011-10-03', 35, holidays=holidays),
              np.busday_offset('2011-10-03', 35 + 2))
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2011-10-03', 36, holidays=holidays),
              np.busday_offset('2011-10-03', 36 + 3))
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2011-10-03', 56, holidays=holidays),
              np.busday_offset('2011-10-03', 56 + 3))
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2011-10-03', 57, holidays=holidays),
              np.busday_offset('2011-10-03', 57 + 4))
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2011-10-03', 60, holidays=holidays),
              np.busday_offset('2011-10-03', 60 + 4))
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2011-10-03', 61, holidays=holidays),
              np.busday_offset('2011-10-03', 61 + 5))
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2011-10-03', 61, busdaycal=bdd),
              np.busday_offset('2011-10-03', 61 + 5))
          # A bigger backward jump across more than one week/holiday
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2012-01-03', -1, holidays=holidays),
              np.busday_offset('2012-01-03', -1 - 1))
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2012-01-03', -4, holidays=holidays),
              np.busday_offset('2012-01-03', -4 - 1))
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2012-01-03', -5, holidays=holidays),
              np.busday_offset('2012-01-03', -5 - 2))
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2012-01-03', -25, holidays=holidays),
              np.busday_offset('2012-01-03', -25 - 2))
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2012-01-03', -26, holidays=holidays),
              np.busday_offset('2012-01-03', -26 - 3))
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2012-01-03', -33, holidays=holidays),
              np.busday_offset('2012-01-03', -33 - 3))
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2012-01-03', -34, holidays=holidays),
              np.busday_offset('2012-01-03', -34 - 4))
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2012-01-03', -56, holidays=holidays),
              np.busday_offset('2012-01-03', -56 - 4))
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2012-01-03', -57, holidays=holidays),
              np.busday_offset('2012-01-03', -57 - 5))
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2012-01-03', -57, busdaycal=bdd),
              np.busday_offset('2012-01-03', -57 - 5))
  
          # Can't supply both a weekmask/holidays and busdaycal
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.busday_offset, '2012-01-03', -15,
                          weekmask='1111100', busdaycal=bdd)
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.busday_offset, '2012-01-03', -15,
                          holidays=holidays, busdaycal=bdd)
  
          # Roll with the holidays
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2011-12-25', 0,
                  roll='forward', holidays=holidays),
              np.datetime64('2011-12-27'))
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2011-12-26', 0,
                  roll='forward', holidays=holidays),
              np.datetime64('2011-12-27'))
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2011-12-26', 0,
                  roll='backward', holidays=holidays),
              np.datetime64('2011-12-23'))
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2012-02-27', 0,
                  roll='modifiedfollowing',
                  holidays=['2012-02-27', '2012-02-26', '2012-02-28',
                            '2012-03-01', '2012-02-29']),
              np.datetime64('2012-02-24'))
          assert_equal(
              np.busday_offset('2012-03-06', 0,
                  roll='modifiedpreceding',
                  holidays=['2012-03-02', '2012-03-03', '2012-03-01',
                            '2012-03-05', '2012-03-07', '2012-03-06']),
              np.datetime64('2012-03-08'))
  
      def test_datetime_busday_holidays_count(self):
          holidays = ['2011-01-01', '2011-10-10', '2011-11-11', '2011-11-24',
                      '2011-12-25', '2011-05-30', '2011-02-21', '2011-01-17',
                      '2011-12-26', '2012-01-02', '2011-02-21', '2011-05-30',
                      '2011-07-01', '2011-07-04', '2011-09-05', '2011-10-10']
          bdd = np.busdaycalendar(weekmask='1111100', holidays=holidays)
  
          # Validate against busday_offset broadcast against
          # a range of offsets
          dates = np.busday_offset('2011-01-01', np.arange(366),
                          roll='forward', busdaycal=bdd)
          assert_equal(np.busday_count('2011-01-01', dates, busdaycal=bdd),
                       np.arange(366))
          # Returns negative value when reversed
          assert_equal(np.busday_count(dates, '2011-01-01', busdaycal=bdd),
                       -np.arange(366))
  
          dates = np.busday_offset('2011-12-31', -np.arange(366),
                          roll='forward', busdaycal=bdd)
          assert_equal(np.busday_count(dates, '2011-12-31', busdaycal=bdd),
                       np.arange(366))
          # Returns negative value when reversed
          assert_equal(np.busday_count('2011-12-31', dates, busdaycal=bdd),
                       -np.arange(366))
  
          # Can't supply both a weekmask/holidays and busdaycal
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.busday_offset, '2012-01-03', '2012-02-03',
                          weekmask='1111100', busdaycal=bdd)
          assert_raises(ValueError, np.busday_offset, '2012-01-03', '2012-02-03',
                          holidays=holidays, busdaycal=bdd)
  
          # Number of Mondays in March 2011
          assert_equal(np.busday_count('2011-03', '2011-04', weekmask='Mon'), 4)
          # Returns negative value when reversed
          assert_equal(np.busday_count('2011-04', '2011-03', weekmask='Mon'), -4)
  
      def test_datetime_is_busday(self):
          holidays = ['2011-01-01', '2011-10-10', '2011-11-11', '2011-11-24',
                      '2011-12-25', '2011-05-30', '2011-02-21', '2011-01-17',
                      '2011-12-26', '2012-01-02', '2011-02-21', '2011-05-30',
                      '2011-07-01', '2011-07-04', '2011-09-05', '2011-10-10',
                      'NaT']
          bdd = np.busdaycalendar(weekmask='1111100', holidays=holidays)
  
          # Weekend/weekday tests
          assert_equal(np.is_busday('2011-01-01'), False)
          assert_equal(np.is_busday('2011-01-02'), False)
          assert_equal(np.is_busday('2011-01-03'), True)
  
          # All the holidays are not business days
          assert_equal(np.is_busday(holidays, busdaycal=bdd),
                       np.zeros(len(holidays), dtype='?'))
  
      def test_datetime_y2038(self):
          # Test parsing on either side of the Y2038 boundary
          a = np.datetime64('2038-01-19T03:14:07')
          assert_equal(a.view(np.int64), 2**31 - 1)
          a = np.datetime64('2038-01-19T03:14:08')
          assert_equal(a.view(np.int64), 2**31)
  
          # Test parsing on either side of the Y2038 boundary with
          # a manually specified timezone offset
          with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
              a = np.datetime64('2038-01-19T04:14:07+0100')
              assert_equal(a.view(np.int64), 2**31 - 1)
          with assert_warns(DeprecationWarning):
              a = np.datetime64('2038-01-19T04:14:08+0100')
              assert_equal(a.view(np.int64), 2**31)
  
          # Test parsing a date after Y2038
          a = np.datetime64('2038-01-20T13:21:14')
          assert_equal(str(a), '2038-01-20T13:21:14')
  
      def test_isnat(self):
          assert_(np.isnat(np.datetime64('NaT', 'ms')))
          assert_(np.isnat(np.datetime64('NaT', 'ns')))
          assert_(not np.isnat(np.datetime64('2038-01-19T03:14:07')))
  
          assert_(np.isnat(np.timedelta64('NaT', "ms")))
          assert_(not np.isnat(np.timedelta64(34, "ms")))
  
          res = np.array([False, False, True])
          for unit in ['Y', 'M', 'W', 'D',
                       'h', 'm', 's', 'ms', 'us',
                       'ns', 'ps', 'fs', 'as']:
              arr = np.array([123, -321, "NaT"], dtype='<datetime64[%s]' % unit)
              assert_equal(np.isnat(arr), res)
              arr = np.array([123, -321, "NaT"], dtype='>datetime64[%s]' % unit)
              assert_equal(np.isnat(arr), res)
              arr = np.array([123, -321, "NaT"], dtype='<timedelta64[%s]' % unit)
              assert_equal(np.isnat(arr), res)
              arr = np.array([123, -321, "NaT"], dtype='>timedelta64[%s]' % unit)
              assert_equal(np.isnat(arr), res)
  
      def test_isnat_error(self):
          # Test that only datetime dtype arrays are accepted
          for t in np.typecodes["All"]:
              if t in np.typecodes["Datetime"]:
                  continue
              assert_raises(TypeError, np.isnat, np.zeros(10, t))
  
      def test_isfinite_scalar(self):
          assert_(not np.isfinite(np.datetime64('NaT', 'ms')))
          assert_(not np.isfinite(np.datetime64('NaT', 'ns')))
          assert_(np.isfinite(np.datetime64('2038-01-19T03:14:07')))
  
          assert_(not np.isfinite(np.timedelta64('NaT', "ms")))
          assert_(np.isfinite(np.timedelta64(34, "ms")))
  
      @pytest.mark.parametrize('unit', ['Y', 'M', 'W', 'D', 'h', 'm', 's', 'ms',
                                        'us', 'ns', 'ps', 'fs', 'as'])
      @pytest.mark.parametrize('dstr', ['<datetime64[%s]', '>datetime64[%s]',
                                        '<timedelta64[%s]', '>timedelta64[%s]'])
      def test_isfinite_isinf_isnan_units(self, unit, dstr):
          '''check isfinite, isinf, isnan for all units of <M, >M, <m, >m dtypes
          '''
          arr_val = [123, -321, "NaT"]
          arr = np.array(arr_val,  dtype= dstr % unit)
          pos = np.array([True, True,  False])
          neg = np.array([False, False,  True])
          false = np.array([False, False,  False])
          assert_equal(np.isfinite(arr), pos)
          assert_equal(np.isinf(arr), false)
          assert_equal(np.isnan(arr), neg)
  
      def test_assert_equal(self):
          assert_raises(AssertionError, assert_equal,
                  np.datetime64('nat'), np.timedelta64('nat'))
  
      def test_corecursive_input(self):
          # construct a co-recursive list
          a, b = [], []
          a.append(b)
          b.append(a)
          obj_arr = np.array([None])
          obj_arr[0] = a
  
          # At some point this caused a stack overflow (gh-11154). Now raises
          # ValueError since the nested list cannot be converted to a datetime.
          assert_raises(ValueError, obj_arr.astype, 'M8')
          assert_raises(ValueError, obj_arr.astype, 'm8')
  
      @pytest.mark.parametrize("shape", [(), (1,)])
      def test_discovery_from_object_array(self, shape):
          arr = np.array("2020-10-10", dtype=object).reshape(shape)
          res = np.array("2020-10-10", dtype="M8").reshape(shape)
          assert res.dtype == np.dtype("M8[D]")
          assert_equal(arr.astype("M8"), res)
          arr[...] = np.bytes_("2020-10-10")  # try a numpy string type
          assert_equal(arr.astype("M8"), res)
          arr = arr.astype("S")
          assert_equal(arr.astype("S").astype("M8"), res)
  
      @pytest.mark.parametrize("time_unit", [
          "Y", "M", "W", "D", "h", "m", "s", "ms", "us", "ns", "ps", "fs", "as",
          # compound units
          "10D", "2M",
      ])
      def test_limit_symmetry(self, time_unit):
          """
          Dates should have symmetric limits around the unix epoch at +/-np.int64
          """
          epoch = np.datetime64(0, time_unit)
          latest = np.datetime64(np.iinfo(np.int64).max, time_unit)
          earliest = np.datetime64(-np.iinfo(np.int64).max, time_unit)
  
          # above should not have overflowed
          assert earliest < epoch < latest
  
      @pytest.mark.parametrize("time_unit", [
          "Y", "M",
          pytest.param("W", marks=pytest.mark.xfail(reason="gh-13197")),
          "D", "h", "m",
          "s", "ms", "us", "ns", "ps", "fs", "as",
          pytest.param("10D", marks=pytest.mark.xfail(reason="similar to gh-13197")),
      ])
      @pytest.mark.parametrize("sign", [-1, 1])
      def test_limit_str_roundtrip(self, time_unit, sign):
          """
          Limits should roundtrip when converted to strings.
  
          This tests the conversion to and from npy_datetimestruct.
          """
          # TODO: add absolute (gold standard) time span limit strings
          limit = np.datetime64(np.iinfo(np.int64).max * sign, time_unit)
  
          # Convert to string and back. Explicit unit needed since the day and
          # week reprs are not distinguishable.
          limit_via_str = np.datetime64(str(limit), time_unit)
          assert limit_via_str == limit
  
  
  class TestDateTimeData:
  
      def test_basic(self):
          a = np.array(['1980-03-23'], dtype=np.datetime64)
          assert_equal(np.datetime_data(a.dtype), ('D', 1))
  
      def test_bytes(self):
          # byte units are converted to unicode
          dt = np.datetime64('2000', (b'ms', 5))
          assert np.datetime_data(dt.dtype) == ('ms', 5)
  
          dt = np.datetime64('2000', b'5ms')
          assert np.datetime_data(dt.dtype) == ('ms', 5)
  
      def test_non_ascii(self):
          # μs is normalized to μ
          dt = np.datetime64('2000', ('μs', 5))
          assert np.datetime_data(dt.dtype) == ('us', 5)
  
          dt = np.datetime64('2000', '5μs')
          assert np.datetime_data(dt.dtype) == ('us', 5)
  
apis: numpy.ones numpy.busday_count numpy.subtract numpy.testing.assert_equal numpy.dtype numpy.less numpy.argsort numpy.compat.pickle.loads numpy.ones_like numpy.greater_equal numpy.int64 numpy.testing.assert_warns numpy.add numpy.datetime64 numpy.isnat numpy.isfinite numpy.timedelta64 numpy.datetime_data numpy.bool_ numpy.empty_like numpy.bytes_ numpy.absolute numpy.isnan numpy.fmax numpy.negative numpy.can_cast numpy.minimum numpy.positive numpy.fmin numpy.datetime_as_string numpy.zeros numpy.compat.pickle.dumps numpy.equal numpy.greater numpy.arange numpy.busday_offset numpy.maximum.reduce numpy.busdaycalendar numpy.maximum numpy.testing.assert_raises numpy.zeros_like numpy.is_busday numpy.empty numpy.sign numpy.divide numpy.true_divide numpy.not_equal numpy.isinf numpy.iinfo numpy.less_equal numpy.array numpy.testing.suppress_warnings numpy.testing.assert_raises_regex