code: import torch
  import torch.nn as nn
  import torch.nn.functional as F
  from torch.nn.modules.utils import _pair
  
  from mmdet.core import (auto_fp16, bbox_target, delta2bbox, force_fp32,
                          multiclass_nms)
  from ..builder import build_loss
  from ..losses import accuracy
  from ..registry import HEADS
  import numpy as np
  
  @HEADS.register_module
  class BBoxHead(nn.Module):
      """Simplest RoI head, with only two fc layers for classification and
      regression respectively"""
  
      def __init__(self,
                   with_avg_pool=False,
                   with_cls=True,
                   with_reg=True,
                   roi_feat_size=7,
                   in_channels=256,
                   num_classes=81,
                   target_means=[0., 0., 0., 0.],
                   target_stds=[0.1, 0.1, 0.2, 0.2],
                   reg_class_agnostic=False,
                   loss_cls=dict(
                       type='CrossEntropyLoss',
                       use_sigmoid=False,
                       loss_weight=1.0),
                   loss_bbox=dict(
                       type='SmoothL1Loss', beta=1.0, loss_weight=1.0)):
          super(BBoxHead, self).__init__()
          assert with_cls or with_reg
          self.with_avg_pool = with_avg_pool
          self.with_cls = with_cls
          self.with_reg = with_reg
          self.roi_feat_size = _pair(roi_feat_size)
          self.roi_feat_area = self.roi_feat_size[0] * self.roi_feat_size[1]
          self.in_channels = in_channels
          self.num_classes = num_classes
          self.target_means = target_means
          self.target_stds = target_stds
          self.reg_class_agnostic = reg_class_agnostic
          self.fp16_enabled = False
  
          self.loss_cls = build_loss(loss_cls)
          self.loss_bbox = build_loss(loss_bbox)
  
          in_channels = self.in_channels
          if self.with_avg_pool:
              self.avg_pool = nn.AvgPool2d(self.roi_feat_size)
          else:
              in_channels *= self.roi_feat_area
          if self.with_cls:
              self.fc_cls = nn.Linear(in_channels, num_classes)
          if self.with_reg:
              out_dim_reg = 4 if reg_class_agnostic else 4 * num_classes
              self.fc_reg = nn.Linear(in_channels, out_dim_reg)
          self.debug_imgs = None
  
      def init_weights(self):
          # conv layers are already initialized by ConvModule
          if self.with_cls:
              nn.init.normal_(self.fc_cls.weight, 0, 0.01)
              nn.init.constant_(self.fc_cls.bias, 0)
          if self.with_reg:
              nn.init.normal_(self.fc_reg.weight, 0, 0.001)
              nn.init.constant_(self.fc_reg.bias, 0)
  
      @auto_fp16()
      def forward(self, x):
          if self.with_avg_pool:
              x = self.avg_pool(x)
          x = x.view(x.size(0), -1)
          cls_score = self.fc_cls(x) if self.with_cls else None
          bbox_pred = self.fc_reg(x) if self.with_reg else None
          return cls_score, bbox_pred
  
      def get_target(self, sampling_results, gt_bboxes, gt_labels,
                     rcnn_train_cfg):
          pos_proposals = [res.pos_bboxes for res in sampling_results]
          neg_proposals = [res.neg_bboxes for res in sampling_results]
          pos_gt_bboxes = [res.pos_gt_bboxes for res in sampling_results]
          pos_gt_labels = [res.pos_gt_labels for res in sampling_results]
          reg_classes = 1 if self.reg_class_agnostic else self.num_classes
          cls_reg_targets = bbox_target(
              pos_proposals,
              neg_proposals,
              pos_gt_bboxes,
              pos_gt_labels,
              rcnn_train_cfg,
              reg_classes,
              target_means=self.target_means,
              target_stds=self.target_stds)
          return cls_reg_targets
  
      @force_fp32(apply_to=('cls_score', 'bbox_pred'))
      def loss(self,
               cls_score,
               bbox_pred,
               labels,
               label_weights,
               bbox_targets,
               bbox_weights,
               reduction_override=None):
          losses = dict()
          if cls_score is not None:
              avg_factor = max(torch.sum(label_weights > 0).float().item(), 1.)
  
              if cls_score.numel() > 0:
                  losses['loss_cls'] = self.loss_cls(
                      cls_score,
                      labels,
                      label_weights,
                      avg_factor=avg_factor,
                      reduction_override=reduction_override)
                  losses['acc'] = accuracy(cls_score, labels)
          if bbox_pred is not None:
              pos_inds = labels > 0
              if pos_inds.any():
                  if self.reg_class_agnostic:
                      pos_bbox_pred = bbox_pred.view(
                          bbox_pred.size(0), 4)[pos_inds.type(torch.bool)]
                  else:
                      pos_bbox_pred = bbox_pred.view(
                          bbox_pred.size(0), -1,
                          4)[pos_inds.type(torch.bool),
                             labels[pos_inds.type(torch.bool)]]
                  losses['loss_bbox'] = self.loss_bbox(
                      pos_bbox_pred,
                      bbox_targets[pos_inds.type(torch.bool)],
                      bbox_weights[pos_inds.type(torch.bool)],
                      avg_factor=bbox_targets.size(0),
                      reduction_override=reduction_override)
          return losses
  
      @force_fp32(apply_to=('cls_score', 'bbox_pred'))
      def get_det_bboxes(self,
                         rois,
                         cls_score,
                         bbox_pred,
                         img_shape,
                         scale_factor,
                         rescale=False,
                         cfg=None):
          if isinstance(cls_score, list):
              cls_score = sum(cls_score) / float(len(cls_score))
          scores = F.softmax(cls_score, dim=1) if cls_score is not None else None
  
          if bbox_pred is not None:
              bboxes = delta2bbox(rois[:, 1:], bbox_pred, self.target_means,
                                  self.target_stds, img_shape)
          else:
              bboxes = rois[:, 1:].clone()
              if img_shape is not None:
                  bboxes[:, [0, 2]].clamp_(min=0, max=img_shape[1] - 1)
                  bboxes[:, [1, 3]].clamp_(min=0, max=img_shape[0] - 1)
  
          if rescale:
              if isinstance(scale_factor, float):
                  bboxes /= scale_factor
              elif isinstance(scale_factor, torch.Tensor):
                  scale_factor = scale_factor.to(bboxes.device)
                  bboxes = (bboxes.view(bboxes.size(0), -1, 4) /
                            scale_factor).view(bboxes.size()[0], -1)
              else:
                  scale_factor = torch.from_numpy(scale_factor).to(bboxes.device)
                  bboxes = (bboxes.view(bboxes.size(0), -1, 4) /
                            scale_factor).view(bboxes.size()[0], -1)
  
          if cfg is None:
              return bboxes, scores
          else:
              det_bboxes, det_labels = multiclass_nms(bboxes, scores,
                                                      cfg.score_thr, cfg.nms,
                                                      cfg.max_per_img)
  
              return det_bboxes, det_labels
  
      @force_fp32(apply_to=('bbox_preds', ))
      def refine_bboxes(self, rois, labels, bbox_preds, pos_is_gts, img_metas):
          """Refine bboxes during training.
  
          Args:
              rois (Tensor): Shape (n*bs, 5), where n is image number per GPU,
                  and bs is the sampled RoIs per image. The first column is
                  the image id and the next 4 columns are x1, y1, x2, y2.
              labels (Tensor): Shape (n*bs, ).
              bbox_preds (Tensor): Shape (n*bs, 4) or (n*bs, 4*#class).
              pos_is_gts (list[Tensor]): Flags indicating if each positive bbox
                  is a gt bbox.
              img_metas (list[dict]): Meta info of each image.
  
          Returns:
              list[Tensor]: Refined bboxes of each image in a mini-batch.
  
          Example:
              >>> # xdoctest: +REQUIRES(module:kwarray)
              >>> import kwarray
              >>> import numpy as np
              >>> from mmdet.core.bbox.demodata import random_boxes
              >>> self = BBoxHead(reg_class_agnostic=True)
              >>> n_roi = 2
              >>> n_img = 4
              >>> scale = 512
              >>> rng = np.random.RandomState(0)
              >>> img_metas = [{'img_shape': (scale, scale)}
              ...              for _ in range(n_img)]
              >>> # Create rois in the expected format
              >>> roi_boxes = random_boxes(n_roi, scale=scale, rng=rng)
              >>> img_ids = torch.randint(0, n_img, (n_roi,))
              >>> img_ids = img_ids.float()
              >>> rois = torch.cat([img_ids[:, None], roi_boxes], dim=1)
              >>> # Create other args
              >>> labels = torch.randint(0, 2, (n_roi,)).long()
              >>> bbox_preds = random_boxes(n_roi, scale=scale, rng=rng)
              >>> # For each image, pretend random positive boxes are gts
              >>> is_label_pos = (labels.numpy() > 0).astype(np.int)
              >>> lbl_per_img = kwarray.group_items(is_label_pos,
              ...                                   img_ids.numpy())
              >>> pos_per_img = [sum(lbl_per_img.get(gid, []))
              ...                for gid in range(n_img)]
              >>> pos_is_gts = [
              >>>     torch.randint(0, 2, (npos,)).byte().sort(
              >>>         descending=True)[0]
              >>>     for npos in pos_per_img
              >>> ]
              >>> bboxes_list = self.refine_bboxes(rois, labels, bbox_preds,
              >>>                    pos_is_gts, img_metas)
              >>> print(bboxes_list)
          """
          img_ids = rois[:, 0].long().unique(sorted=True)
          assert img_ids.numel() <= len(img_metas)
  
          bboxes_list = []
          for i in range(len(img_metas)):
              inds = torch.nonzero(rois[:, 0] == i).squeeze(dim=1)
              num_rois = inds.numel()
  
              bboxes_ = rois[inds, 1:]
              label_ = labels[inds]
              bbox_pred_ = bbox_preds[inds]
              img_meta_ = img_metas[i]
              pos_is_gts_ = pos_is_gts[i]
  
              bboxes = self.regress_by_class(bboxes_, label_, bbox_pred_,
                                             img_meta_)
  
              # filter gt bboxes
              pos_keep = 1 - pos_is_gts_
              keep_inds = pos_is_gts_.new_ones(num_rois)
              keep_inds[:len(pos_is_gts_)] = pos_keep
  
              bboxes_list.append(bboxes[keep_inds.type(torch.bool)])
  
          return bboxes_list
  
      @force_fp32(apply_to=('bbox_pred', ))
      def regress_by_class(self, rois, label, bbox_pred, img_meta):
          """Regress the bbox for the predicted class. Used in Cascade R-CNN.
  
          Args:
              rois (Tensor): shape (n, 4) or (n, 5)
              label (Tensor): shape (n, )
              bbox_pred (Tensor): shape (n, 4*(#class+1)) or (n, 4)
              img_meta (dict): Image meta info.
  
          Returns:
              Tensor: Regressed bboxes, the same shape as input rois.
          """
          assert rois.size(1) == 4 or rois.size(1) == 5, repr(rois.shape)
  
          if not self.reg_class_agnostic:
              label = label * 4
              inds = torch.stack((label, label + 1, label + 2, label + 3), 1)
              bbox_pred = torch.gather(bbox_pred, 1, inds)
          assert bbox_pred.size(1) == 4
  
          if rois.size(1) == 4:
              new_rois = delta2bbox(rois, bbox_pred, self.target_means,
                                    self.target_stds, img_meta['img_shape'])
          else:
              bboxes = delta2bbox(rois[:, 1:], bbox_pred, self.target_means,
                                  self.target_stds, img_meta['img_shape'])
              new_rois = torch.cat((rois[:, [0]], bboxes), dim=1)
  
          return new_rois
  
apis: torch.sum torch.stack torch.nn.Linear torch.nonzero torch.nn.init.constant_ torch.nn.functional.softmax torch.nn.init.normal_ torch.gather torch.from_numpy torch.nn.AvgPool2d torch.cat torch.nn.modules.utils._pair