code: # coding=utf-8
  # Copyright (c) 2019, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
  #
  # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  # You may obtain a copy of the License at
  #
  #     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  #
  # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  # limitations under the License.
  
  """Utilities for logging and serialization"""
  
  import os
  import random
  import time
  
  import numpy as np
  import torch
  from torch.nn.parallel.distributed import DistributedDataParallel as torchDDP
  
  import mpu
  from fp16 import FP16_Optimizer
  
  
  def print_rank_0(message):
      if torch.distributed.is_initialized():
          if torch.distributed.get_rank() == 0:
              print(message, flush=True)
      else:
          print(message, flush=True)
  
  
  def print_args(args):
      """Print arguments."""
  
      print('arguments:', flush=True)
      for arg in vars(args):
          dots = '.' * (29 - len(arg))
          print('  {} {} {}'.format(arg, dots, getattr(args, arg)), flush=True)
  
  
  def print_params_min_max_norm(optimizer, iteration):
      """Print min, max, and norm of all parameters."""
      index = 0
      rank = torch.distributed.get_rank()
      string = 'iteration, rank, index, model-parallel,min, max, norm\n'
      optimizer_ = optimizer
      if isinstance(optimizer, FP16_Optimizer):
          optimizer_ = optimizer.optimizer
      for param_group in optimizer_.param_groups:
          for param in param_group['params']:
              index += 1
              min_ = param.data.min()
              max_ = param.data.max()
              norm = param.data.norm()
              string += '{:7d}, {:4d}, {:4d}, {:2d}, '.format(
                  iteration, rank, index, int(param.model_parallel))
              string += '{:.6E}, {:.6E}, {:.6E}\n'.format(min_, max_, norm)
      print(string, flush=True)
  
  
  class Timers:
      """Group of timers."""
  
      class Timer:
          """Timer."""
  
          def __init__(self, name):
              self.name_ = name
              self.elapsed_ = 0.0
              self.started_ = False
              self.start_time = time.time()
  
          def start(self):
              """Start the timer."""
              assert not self.started_, 'timer has already been started'
              torch.cuda.synchronize()
              self.start_time = time.time()
              self.started_ = True
  
          def stop(self):
              """Stop the timer."""
              assert self.started_, 'timer is not started'
              torch.cuda.synchronize()
              self.elapsed_ += (time.time() - self.start_time)
              self.started_ = False
  
          def reset(self):
              """Reset timer."""
              self.elapsed_ = 0.0
              self.started_ = False
  
          def elapsed(self, reset=True):
              """Calculate the elapsed time."""
              started_ = self.started_
              # If the timing in progress, end it first.
              if self.started_:
                  self.stop()
              # Get the elapsed time.
              elapsed_ = self.elapsed_
              # Reset the elapsed time
              if reset:
                  self.reset()
              # If timing was in progress, set it back.
              if started_:
                  self.start()
              return elapsed_
  
      def __init__(self):
          self.timers = {}
  
      def __call__(self, name):
          if name not in self.timers:
              self.timers[name] = self.Timer(name)
          return self.timers[name]
  
      def log(self, names, normalizer=1.0, reset=True):
          """Log a group of timers."""
          assert normalizer > 0.0
          string = 'time (ms)'
          for name in names:
              elapsed_time = self.timers[name].elapsed(
                  reset=reset) * 1000.0 / normalizer
              string += ' | {}: {:.2f}'.format(name, elapsed_time)
          print_rank_0(string)
  
  
  def report_memory(name):
      """Simple GPU memory report."""
  
      mega_bytes = 1024.0 * 1024.0
      string = name + ' memory (MB)'
      string += ' | allocated: {}'.format(
          torch.cuda.memory_allocated() / mega_bytes)
      string += ' | max allocated: {}'.format(
          torch.cuda.max_memory_allocated() / mega_bytes)
      string += ' | cached: {}'.format(torch.cuda.memory_cached() / mega_bytes)
      string += ' | max cached: {}'.format(
          torch.cuda.max_memory_cached() / mega_bytes)
      print_rank_0(string)
  
  
  def get_checkpoint_name(checkpoints_path, iteration, release=False, zero=False):
      if release:
          d = 'release'
      else:
          d = 'iter_{:07d}'.format(iteration)
      if zero:
          dp_rank = mpu.get_data_parallel_rank()
          d += '_zero_dp_rank_{}'.format(dp_rank)
      return os.path.join(checkpoints_path, d,
                          'mp_rank_{:02d}'.format(mpu.get_model_parallel_rank()),
                          'model_optim_rng.pt')
  
  
  def ensure_directory_exists(filename):
      dirname = os.path.dirname(filename)
      if not os.path.exists(dirname):
          os.makedirs(dirname)
  
  
  def get_checkpoint_tracker_filename(checkpoints_path):
      return os.path.join(checkpoints_path, 'latest_checkpointed_iteration.txt')
  
  
  def save_zero_checkpoint(args, iteration, optimizer):
      zero_sd = {'iteration': iteration,
                 'optimizer_state_dict': optimizer.state_dict()}
      zero_checkpoint_name = get_checkpoint_name(args.save, iteration, zero=True)
      ensure_directory_exists(zero_checkpoint_name)
      torch.save(zero_sd, zero_checkpoint_name)
      print('  successfully saved {}'.format(zero_checkpoint_name))
  
  
  def save_checkpoint(iteration, model, optimizer,
                      lr_scheduler, args):
      """Save a model checkpoint."""
      if args.deepspeed:
          save_ds_checkpoint(iteration, model, args)
      else:
          # Only rank zer0 of the data parallel writes to the disk.
          if isinstance(model, torchDDP):
              model = model.module
  
          if mpu.get_data_parallel_rank() == 0:
              checkpoint_name = get_checkpoint_name(args.save, iteration)
              print('global rank {} is saving checkpoint at iteration {:7d} to {}'.
                    format(torch.distributed.get_rank(), iteration, checkpoint_name))
  
              sd = {}
              sd['iteration'] = iteration
              sd['model'] = model.state_dict()
  
              # Optimizer stuff.
              if not args.no_save_optim:
                  if optimizer is not None:
                      sd['optimizer'] = optimizer.state_dict()
                  if lr_scheduler is not None:
                      sd['lr_scheduler'] = lr_scheduler.state_dict()
  
              # rng states.
              if not args.no_save_rng:
                  sd['random_rng_state'] = random.getstate()
                  sd['np_rng_state'] = np.random.get_state()
                  sd['torch_rng_state'] = torch.get_rng_state()
                  sd['cuda_rng_state'] = torch.cuda.get_rng_state()
                  sd['rng_tracker_states'] = mpu.get_cuda_rng_tracker().get_states()
  
              ensure_directory_exists(checkpoint_name)
              torch.save(sd, checkpoint_name)
              print('  successfully saved {}'.format(checkpoint_name))
  
      # Wait so everyone is done (necessary)
      torch.distributed.barrier()
      # And update the latest iteration
      if torch.distributed.get_rank() == 0:
          tracker_filename = get_checkpoint_tracker_filename(args.save)
          with open(tracker_filename, 'w') as f:
              f.write(str(iteration))
      # Wait so everyone is done (not necessary)
      torch.distributed.barrier()
  
  
  def save_ds_checkpoint(iteration, model, args):
      """Save a model checkpoint."""
  
      sd = {}
      sd['iteration'] = iteration
      # rng states.
      if not args.no_save_rng:
          sd['random_rng_state'] = random.getstate()
          sd['np_rng_state'] = np.random.get_state()
          sd['torch_rng_state'] = torch.get_rng_state()
          sd['cuda_rng_state'] = torch.cuda.get_rng_state()
          sd['rng_tracker_states'] = mpu.get_cuda_rng_tracker().get_states()
  
      model.save_checkpoint(args.save, iteration, client_state=sd)
  
  
  def get_checkpoint_iteration(args):
      # Read the tracker file and set the iteration.
      tracker_filename = get_checkpoint_tracker_filename(args.load)
      if not os.path.isfile(tracker_filename):
          print_rank_0('WARNING: could not find the metadata file {} '.format(
              tracker_filename))
          print_rank_0('    will not load any checkpoints and will start from '
                       'random')
          return 0, False, False
      iteration = 0
      release = False
      with open(tracker_filename, 'r') as f:
          metastring = f.read().strip()
          try:
              iteration = int(metastring)
          except ValueError:
              release = metastring == 'release'
              if not release:
                  print_rank_0('ERROR: Invalid metadata file {}. Exiting'.format(
                      tracker_filename))
                  exit()
  
      assert iteration > 0 or release, 'error parsing metadata file {}'.format(
          tracker_filename)
  
      return iteration, release, True
  
  
  def load_checkpoint(model, optimizer, lr_scheduler, args):
      """Load a model checkpoint."""
  
      iteration, release, success = get_checkpoint_iteration(args)
  
      if not success:
          return 0
  
      if args.deepspeed:
          raise NotImplemented("No installed deep speed")
  
      else:
  
          # Checkpoint.
          checkpoint_name = get_checkpoint_name(args.load, iteration, release)
  
          if mpu.get_data_parallel_rank() == 0:
              print('global rank {} is loading checkpoint {}'.format(
                  torch.distributed.get_rank(), checkpoint_name))
  
          if args.load_openai:
              from utils import move_weights
              from model import DistributedDataParallel as DDP
              from fp16 import FP16_Module
              model_path = args.load
              from transformers import GPT2LMHeadModel
              print('global rank {} is loading openai weights {}'.format(
                  torch.distributed.get_rank(), model_path))
              model.cpu()
              gpt2model = GPT2LMHeadModel.from_pretrained(model_path, cache_dir='gpt2_weights')
              model2fill = model
              while isinstance(model2fill, (DDP, FP16_Module)):
                  model2fill = model2fill.module
              move_weights(model2fill, gpt2model)
              model.cuda(torch.cuda.current_device())
              sd = {}
          else:
              sd = torch.load(checkpoint_name, map_location='cpu')
  
              if isinstance(model, torchDDP):
                  model = model.module
  
              # Model.
              try:
                  model.load_state_dict(sd['model'])
              except KeyError:
                  print_rank_0('A metadata file exists but unable to load model '
                               'from checkpoint {}, exiting'.format(checkpoint_name))
                  exit()
  
              # Optimizer.
              if not release and not args.finetune and not args.no_load_optim:
                  try:
                      if optimizer is not None:
                          optimizer.load_state_dict(sd['optimizer'])
                      if lr_scheduler is not None:
                          lr_scheduler.load_state_dict(sd['lr_scheduler'])
                  except KeyError:
                      print_rank_0('Unable to load optimizer from checkpoint {}, exiting. '
                                   'Specify --no-load-optim or --finetune to prevent '
                                   'attempting to load the optimizer '
                                   'state.'.format(checkpoint_name))
                      exit()
  
      # Iterations.
      if args.finetune or release:
          iteration = 0
      else:
          try:
              iteration = sd['iteration']
          except KeyError:
              try:  # Backward compatible with older checkpoints
                  iteration = sd['total_iters']
              except KeyError:
                  print_rank_0('A metadata file exists but Unable to load iteration '
                               ' from checkpoint {}, exiting'.format(checkpoint_name))
                  exit()
  
      # rng states.
      if not release and not args.finetune and not args.no_load_rng:
          try:
              random.setstate(sd['random_rng_state'])
              np.random.set_state(sd['np_rng_state'])
              torch.set_rng_state(sd['torch_rng_state'])
              torch.cuda.set_rng_state(sd['cuda_rng_state'])
              mpu.get_cuda_rng_tracker().set_states(sd['rng_tracker_states'])
          except KeyError:
              print_rank_0('Unable to load optimizer from checkpoint {}, exiting. '
                           'Specify --no-load-optim or --finetune to prevent '
                           'attempting to load the optimizer '
                           'state.'.format(checkpoint_name))
              exit()
  
      torch.distributed.barrier()
      if mpu.get_data_parallel_rank() == 0:
          print('  successfully loaded {}'.format(checkpoint_name))
  
      return iteration
  
  
  def load_weights(src, dst, dst2src=False):
      """
      Loads weights from src to dst via in place copy.
      src is a huggingface gpt2model, while dst is one of our models.
      dst2src=True loads parameters from our models into huggingface's.
      ^dst2src is still untested
      """
      conv_layer = 'Conv1D' in str(type(src))
      for n, p in src.named_parameters():
          if dst2src:
              data = dst._parameters[n].data
              load = p.data
          else:
              data = p.data
              load = dst._parameters[n].data
          if conv_layer and 'weight' in n:
              data = data.t().contiguous()
          load.copy_(data)
  
  
  #        dst._parameters[n].data.copy_(data)
  
  def load_mlp(our, oai, dst2src=False):
      load_weights(oai.c_fc, our.dense_h_to_4h, dst2src)
      load_weights(oai.c_proj, our.dense_4h_to_h, dst2src)
  
  
  def load_attention(our, oai, dst2src=False):
      load_weights(oai.c_attn, our.query_key_value, dst2src)
      load_weights(oai.c_proj, our.dense, dst2src)
  
  
  def load_transformer_layer(our, oai, dst2src=False):
      load_weights(oai.ln_1, our.input_layernorm, dst2src)
      load_weights(oai.ln_2, our.post_attention_layernorm, dst2src)
      load_mlp(our.mlp, oai.mlp, dst2src)
      load_attention(our.attention, oai.attn, dst2src)
  
  
  def move_weights(our, oai, dst2src=False):
      """
      Loads weights from `oai` to `our` via in place copy.
      `oai` is a huggingface gpt2model, while `our` is one of our models.
      dst2src=True loads parameters from our models into huggingface's.
      ^dst2src=True is still untested
      """
      #    while isinstance(our, (torchDDP, model.distributed.DistributedDataParallel, FP16_Module)):
      #        our=our.module
      transformer_model = oai.transformer
      load_weights(transformer_model.ln_f, our.transformer.final_layernorm, dst2src)
      load_weights(transformer_model.wte, our.word_embeddings, dst2src)
      load_weights(transformer_model.wpe, our.position_embeddings, dst2src)
  
      for our_layer, oai_layer in zip(our.transformer.layers, oai.transformer.h):
          load_transformer_layer(our_layer, oai_layer, dst2src)
  
apis: numpy.random.set_state torch.get_rng_state torch.distributed.get_rank torch.load numpy.random.get_state torch.cuda.memory_cached torch.cuda.get_rng_state torch.cuda.set_rng_state torch.save torch.cuda.synchronize torch.cuda.current_device torch.distributed.is_initialized torch.distributed.barrier torch.set_rng_state torch.cuda.max_memory_allocated torch.cuda.memory_allocated torch.cuda.max_memory_cached