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[Title] An Exploratory Assessment of High School Breakfast Program in Milwaukee… [Author] Amrit Mehra [Year] 2007 [Publication Type] Field Reports [Community Focus] School Staff, Students [Location] Domestic, Milwaukee, Wisconsin [Description] An Exploratory Assessment of High School Breakfast Program in Milwaukee Public Schools: 2006-2007 evaluates school breakfast programming in Milwaukee Public High Schools and offers recommendations for improving… Read more [Affiliation] Emerson Fellow [Body] 
EXPLORATORY ASSESSMENT HIGH SCHOOL BREAKFAST PROGRAMS MILWAUKEE PUBLIC SCHOOLS Amrit Mehra Bill Emerson National Hunger Fellow February EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Although schools are currently participating the Universal Free Breakfast initiative put forth Milwaukee Public Schools MPS not single high school qualified for program order inform efforts improve and expand this Task Force collaborated with conduct assessment breakfast programs districts For gathered perspectives principals students parents from selected around district following five areas importance availability barriers participation how overcome them returning meal applications stigma particular barrier support universal free The major findings report follows Importance Availability Despite low rates all thought that very important School Participation Like most studied have Lack time morning before classes begin was frequently cited Other identified include bus schedules older childrens responsibilities dislike food feeling hungry Meal Applications Raising awareness about crucial increasing persistently application return Students agreed offering incentives raising benefits reducedprice eligibility would increase number returned Stigma Barrier Principals recognized has impact Support expressed widespread programming Almost majority preferred Breakfastinthe Classroom model over Grab more desired serving method Given these recommends consider implementing pilot one establishing outreach strategy substantial collaboration other communitybased organizations TABLE CONTENTS Page Introduction Background III Methodology Findings Conclusions Recommendations VII References VIII Appendix Principal Interview Script Student Focus Group Parent Written Survey XII Food Service Director XIII High Profiles INTRODUCTION bulk research funding meals focused its positive effects either children exclusively elementary While evidence shows consumption declined same also decline been greatest among adolescents Studies confirmed trend pronounced lowincome minority schoolage Moreover rising incidence childhood adolescent obesity poses significant health risks countrys future workforce reasons level intervention policy debate must explored Though learning behavioral eating numerous welldocumented there little done causes only publicly negative impacts poverty ability learn role mitigating but strong tradition student achievement through innovation educational reform Poverty profoundly disadvantages families accessing affording nutritionally adequate particularly devastating effect classroom performance longterm community stakeholders take issue seriously greater effort made understand current potential Expanding already conducted decided exploratory study secondary goal identify faced This assesses varying they relate BACKGROUND Millions United States live lack resources prepare nutritious daily basis According Census data national rate under percent million DeNavasWalt Proctor Lee scope even striking Bureaus American Community four residents lives below line With those years living had fourthhighest child country clear present symptoms hunger likewise persistent condition many Families especially hardhit prevalence insecurity households Nord Andrews Carlson County likely higher than rest state given concentrations insecure populations such served WIC Wisconsin Security inner cities AfricanAmerican Barfield David Review Program One way able mitigate promote federal nutrition composite comprehensive safety net provides safe supply SBP permanent Congress All public nonprofit private childcare institutions eligible receive permeal cash reimbursements paid their family income less equal between Since authorized USDA implement evaluate UFB idea providing regardless become increasingly popular promising local generally works better percentage successful much lower well latest which status rankings city available changed terms security respectively These Lunch Programs Wisconsins Most serve three ways BreakfastintheClassroom cafeteria Breakfastintheclassroom tested proven after bell rings during first period hour day Breakfasts may prepackaged regular trays brought sent retrieve announcements attendance checks while homework being collected consists bag get carts kiosks predetermined times eat wherever permitted building third traditional setting arriving prior Recent Initiatives DPI During academic year approved offer some cases lunch six evaluation showed overall behavior highly praised staff Wong followed success Provision passing districtwide budget qualify obtain breakfasts were required achieve certain date agree work result every Yet There middle fact necessitates closer look trends Benefits Adolescents Research can divided into two kinds studies assess dietary andor nutrient intake related measures tardiness outcomes verify diminish teenagers predictive nutritional profile Rampersaud Pereira Girard Adams Metzl BMI Niemeier Raynor LloydRichardson Rogers Wing Affenito Regarding could hall option sometimes combined midmorning breaks found foodinsufficient foodsufficient miss days repeat grades suspended difficulty getting along others seen psychologist Alaimo Olson Frongillo added caveat decreasing associated USDAsponsored manifests itself conclusion relevant purposes Fox Hamilton Lin Trends Consumption Among Nationally representative show significantly both younger adults Between schoolaged yearold aged showing declines SiegaRiz Popkin Carson Longitudinal Study Adolescent Health Add nationally schoolbased almost skipping previous Videon Manning another longitudinal surveyed girls frequency clearly age Another determined reported within past concluded part patterned lifestyle unhealthy weight management Zullig Ubbes Pyle Valois recent skip enter adulthood authors note due independence responsibility preparation face transition lead author stress college looked unnecessary hassle easily skipped warn levels later causing overeating choosing heavy foods fill you faster validates need targeting Finally correlated race compared whopping yearolds Frazao nationwide indicates black consume end separate locally HispanicLatino week white Youth Risk Behavior relevance Source Nutrition Services majorityminority large numbers Latino Figure months October November although remained dramatic increases began operation Elementary Middle telling statistic however change ratio breakfasttolunch From rose lunches see Calculations ratios based BreakfasttoLunch Ratios different ReducedPrice Eligibility cannot reap without Lower prevented any unclear whether knowledge insufficient unrealistic target combination factors substantially coming communities suggesting taking advantage confirming FRP Rate Districtwide Beyond opportunity offers advantages asked out least possibility did feel full force attached applying automatically qualifies waivers discounts fees sports recreation SAT exam College Board Increasing financial rewards notably used criteria Department Educations Title grants Federal Communications Commissions ERate provide telecommunications Internet access network equipment amount per who participate Reasoning Subject tests apply colleges identifies fee reductions exams assumed meet Studied METHODOLOGY gauge designed survey components Division Assessment Accountability Data obtained Instruction calculations created list interest Over course modified Forces contacting Only responded our requests included final vary size geography Custer Genesis North complex Alexander Madison University Malcolm Academy Marshall Montessori Entrepreneurship MSE Casimir Pulaski Riverside Truth Institute Leadership Harold Vincent Three independent inperson interviews focus groups discussions written surveys September January Interviews Facetoface lasted minutes took place respective Additional responses assistant secretaries principal unable respond himself herself instead scheduled when script page Groups Facilitated group seven total each empty classrooms Sessions anywhere depending nature discussion random sample pooled together teachers whom contact They ranged specifically specific organization hallway views opinions understood entire body Surveys Initially facilitated format After realizing organizing means parental input then distributed via email person governance councils parent association meetings sum discussed regarding eight Both copy Appendices pages FINDINGS IMPORTANCE AVAILABILITY Having Ive always felt People forget theyre too How lot kids dont know whats good because home Comments said believes improving Some pointed healthy alternative junk promotes healthier decreases chances diabetes cavities When why having often talked value afford pay own mentioned helps attention stay awake headaches stomachaches Parents About extremely emphasized socialization peers familylike environment PARTICIPATION Older like siblings fed daycare just gets here walk Perceived Barriers Suggested Solutions education make bags start quality variety items rooms space buffet style Many definitely MEAL APPLICATIONS think filled last watch listen radio theyd ads wed probably business questions ask intrusive complicated confusing care userfriendly earlier never basketball tickets dance gift certificates publicity STIGMA BARRIER pride thing going talk Why embarrassing wouldnt youre turn refers embarrassment subsidized revealing information Stamp form forces reducing ever voiced complaints silent happened settings class social worker front half confused gave examples instances try preventing turning Surveyed split evenly SUPPORT FOR UNIVERSAL FREE unique position practically prevent moral GCFF should motto clean anything Questions Asked Responses Would your wanted implemented his her Should District Seven ten believed provided freeofcharge AND offered including previously Challenges bonding improved fits existing schedule messiness cleanup problems requires labor disrupts mature eliminates effectively conflicts fights enough manageable comfortable hallways none intangible limits choices Eight preference couple CONCLUSIONS conclusions drawn presented paper twofold believe effective Here summary heard mostly comments move schoolswhere explaining long themto communicate treated simply carriers middlepersons process educated significance regard new Limitations limitation design relies small nonrepresentative perceptions Without broader range hindered selection bias incorporates subjects randomly rather involved leadership possible relates concerning reason necessarily forthright completely honest sensitive topic stranger RECOMMENDATIONS strategicallychosen varied test distinct best practices use flexibility perceived actual establish targeted towards Explicitly publicize Publicize Utilize partners create build publicprivate partnerships enlist sponsors donate prizes jointly seek grant opportunities incentive Individual activities beginning Role Making phone calls Phonebanking assist Sending letters Creating draft send announcement Organizing assembly Speaking assemblies council Broadcasting stations newspaper inhouse media short film Holding individualhomeroom contests Enlisting homeroom Future pressing area further inquiry assessing determining graduate scale rank priorities Such preexisting relationship cultured degree incorporate expansive pool respondents conclusive ideal allow utilized again worth pursuing thorough analysis quantitative tracking regularly comparing semester Similarly REFERENCES Results Retrieved Thompson Barton Franko Daniels Obarzanek June White Girls Correlates Positively Calcium Fiber Intake Negatively Body Mass Index Journal Dietetic Association ScienceDirect database July Insufficiency SchoolAged Childrens Cognitive Academic Psychosocial Development Pediatrics httppediatricsaappublicationsorgcgicontentfull April Insecurity httpwwwirpwiscedupublicationssrpdfssrpdf Fees httpwwwcollegeboardcomstudenttestingapcal_feeshtml Fee Waivers httpwwwcollegeboardcomstudenttestingsatcalenfeesfeewaivershtml August Income Insurance Coverage Bureau Current Population Reports Consumer httpwwwcensusgovprodpubsppdf December Effects Assistance Volume Literature Economic Characteristics LowIncome Populations Patterns Milk Soft Drink Supplement Use Agriculture Information Bulletin Superintendents Fiscal Year Proposed Budget Overview httpwwwmilwaukeekwiusportalOverviewpdf Fast Skipping Predictors Weight Gain Adolescence Adulthood Representative Sample Frequent Leads Extra Pounds Aging Teens Science Daily httpwwwsciencedailycomreleaseshtm Household Report May Habits Nutritional Status Performance Children Clinical Suppl httpwwwajcnorgcgicontentabstractS Factfinder Selected httpfactfindercensusgovservletADPTable_bmygeo_idUS qr_nameACS__EST_G_DPcontextadp ds_nameACS__EST_G_tree_idredoLogfalseformat Ranking Tables Places Percent Under Years Below Level Past Months Whom Determined httpfactfindercensusgovservletGRTTable_bmy_box_head_nbrR ds_nameACS__EST_G__langenformatUSCONTEXTgrt Influences Eating Family Meals WINSS Successful Guide httpdatadpistatewiusdatagraphshellasp website httpdpistatewiusplderatehtml Prepared Section WisconsinExtension Project httpwwwuwexeduceswnepfilesWICsrvypdf Guidelines httpdpistatewiustitletguidetguidepdf Evaluation Pilot httpwwwhungertaskforceorguserimagespublications_provision_reportpdf March SelfReported Perceptions Dieting Blackwell Synergy APPENDIX PRINCIPAL INTERVIEW SCRIPT interested thoughts implementation interview intended will help HUNGER Are experience complained What decrease Probe conflict beforeschool else IMPACT STUDENTS Does what weeks Have scores PROCESS types preboxed hot cold brow BREAKFASTBREAKFASTINTHECLASSROOM breakfastintheclassroom grabngo elevator challenges expect Who responsible collecting complete exist language undocumented lose things proud literacy Please tell didnt returns appreciate benefit training knowing necessary situations suggestions central administration distribution collection processing tasks OTHER COMMENTS Date Time ________________________________________________________ Interviewed __________________________________________________________________ STUDENT FOCUS GROUP Thank today Well ideas making want Ill hope everyone sharing concerns right wrong answers guide discuss judge Everyone needs give bit off since Tell Where cleans where encourage Probes cool nobody eats spend talking friends etc Make grab Now Can anyone looks supposed turned First reduced price proper Second sources words increased usually pretty fewer Because bring money remember Did explain difficult takes forms afraid speak English cant read educating people graduating next SATs realize difference word received standards PARENT childs schoolhigh __________________________ Date____________________________ WRITTEN SURVEY begun PLEASE CHECK CIRCLE THE ANSWER THAT BEST DESCRIBES WHAT YOU FEEL CORRECT Check restaurant Not fast Other__________ Cereal Egg Juice Toast Other_____________________ Cannot Embarrassing Other_________ ALL Yes cost moderate matter prefer prepacked delivered picked please few Somewhat Important Quite Extremely Undecided Application Dont Language Other________ Offer Increase Reduced Price realized Completed Mother Father ________________ attending None More FOOD SERVICE DIRECTOR Directors fall Akron Ohio Cincinnati Des Moines Iowa Indianapolis Kansas City Missouri Omaha Nebraska Portland Oregon Paul Minnesota AKRON OHIO uses Morning still automated pointofsale biometric imaging system fingerprint scanning called iMeal expanding conducts hire International translate Spanish Web site reduce backlog preprinted screen Directly Cert Staff trained using video specialists Turnaround hours CINCINNATI launched Approximately biggest kept confidential languages rewarded stipend county gives office directly certified messaging remind isnt changes leads approximately Processing accomplished clerical overtime additional sameday DES MOINES IOWA average reaching Hispanic population bilingual announce newsletters literature creating downloadable file Direct developed online ready yet otherwise INDIANAPOLIS INDIANA Households Spanishspeaking mail Once print Textbook rental exemptions tied eligibilityprovides UFM complicates situation disincentive Threetiered mailing handed followup submitted Tis direct certification multiple service Separate noneligiblenoninterested software manual checking employees apps processed KANSAS CITY MISSOURI now problem late buses metal detector door slowly disk names company sends homes However duplication privately owned contract Chartwells manages handles issues aiming drive Media releases politicians job fairs open houses Last vouchers catering holiday parties handled temporary Next individual managers themselves paperless completed Believes greatly OMAHA NEBRASKA renewal director reports largest fear shown government base special does previewed scanned computer mistakes back call Scanning needed reluctant scan signed encourages youngest wavers activity PORTLAND OREGON operating ago mobility Russian Chinese welcome centers filling paperwork postagepaid envelopes addresses true waiver downloaded download extra hand midAugust until PAUL MINNESOTA though Hmong Somali department sure compensatory revenue Before mailed household downloads letter informing case PROFILES Enrollment Third Friday Class Start Cafeteria except Sources enrollment Return Rates
Congressional Hunger Center » Subject Areas » Domestic Federal Nutrition Programs
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