98eef080_r_Climate_and_Energy_Solutions__Expansion
[Policy] Performance Standard (rate based, non-tradable) [Innovation] Limited - once the standard can be met, there is little incentive to continue to improve performance beyond reducing costs. (Possible through frequent revision of the policy requirements.) [Compliance Cost Certainty] No - difficult for policymakers to understand cost structures that will lead to compliance. [Environmental Certainty] Some - a performance standard will require that each unit have a certain emissions profile but total emissions will depend on overall use characteristics. [Linkability] Difficult to link beyond a specific sector [Revenue Recycling] No [Expansion] 
Some - policymakers can create standards specific for each sector to expand their reach.
Market Mechanisms: Understanding the Options | Center for Climate and Energy Solutions
Expansion