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[0] With regard to central nervous system injuries to the infant during labor and birth, nurses should be aware that: [1] Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) as a result of birth trauma is more likely to occur in the preterm, low-birth-weight infant. [2] Subarachnoid hemorrhage (the most common form of ICH) occurs in term infants as a result of hypoxia. [3] >>In many infants signs of hemorrhage in a full-term infant are absent and diagnosed only through laboratory tests. [4] 
Spinal cord injuries almost always result from forceps-assisted deliveries.
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