95c466b3__And_Cooling___Thermal_Systems__Advantages
[Geothermal Loop Type] Open-Loop [Disadvantages] Subject to local, state, and Federal groundwater and surface water withdrawal and discharge permitting; large water flow requirements may exceed local water availability; supply-side of heat exchangers subject to corrosive and abrasive agents, chemical scaling, and microbial fouling; main circulating pumps typically require more power in open loops than in closed loops; water discharge regulations may preclude single-well systems or constrain the design of standing-column systems; higher installation cost if a separate injection well is required for loop water discharge. [Advantages] 
Simpler design; lower drilling costs than for vertical closed-loop systems; more efficient performance by avoiding thermal degradation associated with heat transfer across pipe wall from ground or water body to antifreeze solution in closed-loop; lower installation cost if a supply well already exists for domestic water or grounds irrigation, with sufficient surplus production capacity to supply heat pump system.
Geothermal Home Heating And Cooling - Thermal Systems
Advantages