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[Title] Universal Free Breakfast in Milwaukee Public Schools: Preliminary Findings 2006-2007 [Author] Megan Lent [Year] 2007 [Publication Type] Field Reports [Community Focus] Children, Parents, Students [Location] Domestic, Milwaukee, Wisconsin [Description] Universal Free Breakfast in Milwaukee Public Schools: Preliminary Findings 2006-2007 evaluates the Universal Free Breakfast Initiative in elementary schools and provides recommendations for improving and expanding the… Read more [Affiliation] Emerson Fellow [Body] 
PRELIMINARY FINDINGS FROM THE UNIVERSAL FREE BREAKFAST INITIATIVE MILWAUKEE PUBLIC SCHOOLS MEGAN LENT BILL EMERSON NATIONAL HUNGER FELLOW TASK FORCE February TABLE CONTENTS Executive Summary Introduction Background Poverty Milwaukee History School Breakfast Provision and Universal Free Meals Benefits the Classroom Pilot Programs MPS Methodology Outreach Evaluation Findings from Initiative Stated Need for Impact Students Staff Implementation Meal Application Conclusion Issues Addressed Recommendations References Appendices EXECUTIVE SUMMARY fourthhighest city nation child poverty state with lowest school breakfast participation nationally Public Schools invested significant resources UFB program effort not only feed hungry kids but close achievement gap between lowincome higher income students schoolsover childrennow have access free nutritious served classroom This report presents preliminary findings initiative Hunger Task Force committed complete early assessment interviewing surveying over principals teachers social workers food service managers building engineers nurses schools Here what staff front lines Addressing Childhood say some their come Ninetyfour percent interviewed said district should provide all Removing Barriers Participation Principals there are barriers traditional when before including being able get enough having money buses running late perceived stigma wanting play starts instead going Increasing November had increased comparison these Perceived Student Impacts least surveyed has positive impact learning readiness health attendance tardiness behavior Eightyfour quality during milk cereal juice crackers very good adequate Seventyone satisfied serving they cleanup process Building who elevators buildings face additional challenges likely procedures Fortyeight instructional time negative important continue expanded other order participate achieve meal application return rate Although getting families applications proved laborintensive part average increase returned well threepercent number qualified reducedprice meals Funding potential benefits receive funding based percentages SAGE Title Erate also brings more federal into reimbursements INTRODUCTION one public rush off playground Instead straight class head gym where line classmates All then offered boxed hurry eat while teacher takes gets ready day Fifteen minutes later clean full nourished start that ranks fourth highest hunger reality many Census Bureau Research shown academic among outcomes demonstration commitment closing meeting urban needs introduced year than given opportunity each morning The purpose this study evaluate need implementation effects put forth BACKGROUND POVERTY Americans approximately million people lived reported children under was significantly DeNavasWalt Proctor Hill Lee however situation far bleaker shocking residents live below meaning almost twice prevalent national Webster Bishaw most current available data living poor times making top American cities According Federal guidelines family four less With quarter Milwaukees population struggling make ends meet budget surprising basic unmet Seventeen did insurance compared Wisconsin Department Health Family Services monthly county participated FoodShare largest caseload counties third states total participants Milwaukeeans Data Because stamps dont nutritional local charities help bridge Hudson There emergency providers metro area belong network Every month provides bags hot soup kitchens Almost half households accessing pantries include HISTORY SCHOOL Congress passed National Lunch Act measure security assure would become future workforce military sound nutrition development act allowed used support lunch programs response success Program authorized pilot located areas Wisconsins version Food Stamp obtained became permanent Currently roughly institutions providing lowcost daily United States Agriculture may apply which amounts began long Womens Alliance lunches begun preparing themselves Gunderson offer three elementary officials every currently offers Instruction qualify household must guideline For translates annual AgricultureFederal Register More quarters incomes median While majority ranked last consistently student Fewer ate Action Center proportion even lower leaves considerable those PROVISION AND MEALS several options regardless One such method regulatory option USDA wherein can serve andor administer collect nearly first operation considered base paid status next years determine reimbursement therefore calculation done provided Nutrition economically viable high Under collected once reduces burdens collecting annually deceases reporting requirements Another nocost similar both depending discretion differs eaten qualifying reduced fullprice remains same methods yearly works sources depend counts Both been BENEFITS large real lost importance proven numerous research articles reaching beyond satiating rumbly stomachs found diet elsewhere Basiotis Lino Rajen Several studies led improvements specifically math scores decreases absenteeism Kleinman Murphy Pagano Bishop Participating associated psychosocial problems studied Baltimore Philadelphia However recent showed preschoolers eating doubled odds becoming overweight olds Dubois Girard Potvin Kent graders Maryland skipping week two suburban rural Gross Bronner Welch DewberryMoore Paige Schoolchildren missing due participating difficult starting home Bus schedules allow use transportation Some adult prepare reasons districts choosing CLASSROOM Traditionally begins cafeteria wanted arrive earlier trend improve integrating breakfastintheclassroom upstate New York saw marked disciplinary referrals visits office complaints Consortium State Other Omaha Nebraska Kansas City Missouri Portland Oregon leading way increasing accessibility LaCrosse District PILOT PROGRAM During fall schoolchildren Child signed effect June President Bush authority implement took action Midwestern were implemented researching presenting material administrators April Superintendent William Andrekopolous proposed six setting aside fiscal cover costs assisted outreach necessary obtain needed producing evaluation chosen Forces published levels parents impacts socialization marginal increases learned requires fulltext Web site httpwwwhungertaskforceorguserimagespublications_provision_reportpdf limiting longterm feasibility Wong apparent work campaign promoting results Board allocated eligible decided Achieve Friday Agree cooperate could because Requiring maximizes accounting received addition outside eligibility Achievement Guarantee Education small sizes grants technological improvement peers These streams individual maximized rates Calling attempt account maximizing Based evidence mandated agree assisting creating summer October announced accepted enrollment September III METHODOLOGY goal initial regarding technical primary informants kitchen charged implementing Secondly months too quantitative tied much comment note formally assess parent opinions OUTREACH identified benefit assistance achieving fell just mark contacted obtaining benchmark Forty volunteers attended orientations talked dropping distributed materials coming Central register When deadline extended spending estimated hours out met included brought enrolled EVALUATION tandem its submitted proposal permission granted completed January give minute facetoface interview interviews gather performed anecdotal responses representing agreed See Appendix page script principal represented another gathered analyzed themes selected take written Paper surveys delivered weeks after date geographic location board breadth Surveys Respondents Seven versions survey tailored specific positions see pages Table shows overall position Survey Response Rates Member Distributed Received Rate Principal Teacher Social Worker Engineer Nurse Service Manager Total using Microsoft Excel Statistical Package Sciences SPSS Frequency mean mode tests look larger requested Enrollments databases calculated contact Jon Janowski Director Advocacy jonhungertaskforceorg havent anything today didnt night either Sometimes pay them hear saying They share older grade preschools middle list specified range attend will discussed sections Process STATED NEED FOR member asked any experience hundred indicated degree witnessed Responses ranged problem mention reports complaining regular basis described witnessing exhibiting behaviors indicative weekend asking seen cant functionyou attention focus ask Kids awake sluggish fired learn theyre arent right foods leftover putting pockets Many keeping snacks hand IMPROPER NUTRITION improper Eight commented seeing bring nutritionally inadequate observed entered Foods mentioned chips candy toaster pastries sugary drinks soda malnutrition fruits vegetables whole grains isnt items cheaper Consumption highcalorie lownutrient lead growing contribute childhood obesity epidemic iii EFFECTS STUDENTS thought influenced affected Five main frequently negatively Concentration ability Discipline Test performance Sleepiness affecting selfesteem emotional causing withdrawn disengaged attitudes experiencing scale Should Yes choose sending breakfastthey afford everyone treated equally responsibility Time biggest barrier SUPPORT how few expressed constraints expense left like universal BARRIERS PARTICIPATION BEFORE decrease place held cases Most begin instruction typically ran until arrived inside still prices Parents embarrassed admit feel various commonly rather friends Buses preventing send uncomfortable unfamiliar groups menu felt new classrooms address think Ive count double function better improves concentration IMPACT STAFF Thirty own expand effectiveness compare onequarter contrast percentage Between nonUFB Figure Clearly major nonparticipating Due differences result know helpful studentsbut our Percentage NonUFB attributed PERCEIVED INSTRUCTIONAL TIME concerned about worried disrupt After Implementing inevitably especially happier spirits routines created Future useful extent does Very Positive Negative question differ combined Approximately BEHAVIOR portion presented here perceptions since discipline referral records responded Twentysix Less believe excellent prepares Behavior Dont Know isolated vary above Fiftynine LEARNING READINESS staffincluding nursesat Learning engage lessons Twenty Slightly really helps entire stay focused Readiness different indicate measures represents Only love variable indicating ATTENDANCE perception unsure respondents Attendance Again vii TARDINESS surveyedincluding nurseswere Just seems stomachaches midday Tardiness viii HEALTH schoolsincluding workerswere Compared hungerrelated noticed might stomach aches headaches SHOULD CONTINUED neutral feelings idea unsatisfied amount involved discontinued How your Not Important Neutral EXPANDED opinion whether IMPLEMENTATION required changes called creative solutions novel SERVING PROCEDURES transport Since moved transporting raises safety concerns cold breakfasts ways involves members carrying cart table near entrances central individually pick enter combination variations flexibility change delivery distribution best suits logistical culture engineerswere describe identifying responsible bringing room collaborative efforts accomplish task person rooms Thirtyseven Twentyeight aides cadets Teachers playing role although Once Surveyed identify Fortyfive distribute picks his her distributing Three onehalf within Who AidesCadets Aides Workers Note select chart distributes deliver Distribution selfservice SATISFACTION WITH satisfaction Serving creates busy cannot open packaging cleaned you Satisfied Unsatisfied looking notable arise stakeholder limited fresh sometimes fruit fewer low shifted responsibilities longer now organize boxes handle MENU special consideration types equipment prepackaged lieu days container box package graham carton refrigerated separately convenience Lunchables kinds nursesin beneficial emphasis decreased sugar Poor Adequate Good others Interestingly categorized Six Staffincluding workersat wasted lot waste little normal excessive None CLEANUP Each create set leftovers trash heavy bag usually door engineer assistant workerssurveyed chose shared heavily job instance spills Engineers Over regards sorted category procedure mess hallways carried down leak primarily removal containing placed receptacles poses level obstacle multiple floors utilized case carry ground disposed Further analysis elevator floor MEAL APPLICATION writing interested taking Twentyseven initially formal subsequently gained entry directorswere questionnaire INVOLVED managing manager followed secretary personnel Next finally worker assistants paraprofessionals implementers Multiple Involved Secretary Mentioned ACTIVITIES mangers activities undertaken summary Morning announcements reminding back activity Mailings visited homes according offering events houses helping fill incentive rewards encourage forms media Announcements CallsVisits Open House Incentives Media entioned RETURN difficulty evidenced meant form policy previous posed directors languages doesnt knows listed Language Fear undocumented lose things proud Low literacy complex understand translated Spanish language complexity speak English documented hesitate information understanding filled again Literacy issue applying losing returns Barrier Indicated Parent returning frustration difficulties noted confusing turn Specific confusion thinking knowing price directly certified revised simplified contain regulations RATES May Among Direct certification whose TANF database matching opposed Threequarters threepercentage point decline underestimate assumed occur Return Applications Returned REDUCEDPRICE ELIGIBILITY submit caused otherwise applied newly whereas turned points potentially Qualify Reduced Price CONCLUSION pointed historically alleviated clear made accessible Higher financial gains through revenue alertness threequarters ten show relationship retool spite Half concern variety implications Offices extensive numbers dedicated substantial shortened frame feeds reducedpriced leads alternate challenge reduce ISSUES ADDRESSED Complete conduct relation Outcomes objectively measurable yet conducted proceed project end compilation bestpractices acknowledge determined Determination known grandfathered unclear Attaining clearly perhaps unattainable Results costbenefit guide decision resulted without dramatically extend Improvements Determine direct alleviating paper Given optimal utilization burden communicated desirability online system explored ACCESS Medical Assistance WIC widely successful possible processing immediate Identifying opportunities inperson electronic video trainings Seeking marketing strategic deadlines collaboration community partners Providing directions sheet along conjunction Utilizing strong connections individuals involving incentivize competitions giveaways reward creation private sponsorships Maintaining constant communication regard via email alerts flyers automated phone messaging establishing group VII RECOMMENDATIONS Successes experienced strategically throughout provision monitored Breakfasts improved improving value develop plan supported funded sector factoring receipt VIII REFERENCES Winter Eating greatly schoolchildrens Economics Review Income Insurance Coverage Current Population Reports Washington Government Printing Office preschool link Statistics FoodShareFood Stamps Caseload Recipients Calendar Year Madison Retrieved httpdhfswisconsingovemrsdatafscaseloadrecientpsbycyhtm Scorecard patterns fourthgrade Journal Dietetic Association Development httpwwwfnsusdagovcndLunchAboutLunchProgramHistoryhtm search hungerfree Inc Hall Green KorzecRamirez Patton Diet Annals Metabolism Supp universallyfree inclassroom Abell Foundations Boston Massachusetts General Hospital Nachmani Sperling Kane functioning Pediatrics Adolescent Medicine Academics connection Interim Yorks Albany httpwwwfracorgABC_Reportpdf Community httpfactfindercensusgovservletGRTTable_bmy geo_idUS_box_head_nbrR ds_nameACS__EST_G__langenredoLogtrue mt_nameACS__EST_G_R_USformatUS CONTEXTgrt Eligibility Guidelines Vol httpwwwfnsusdagovcndGovernancenoticesiegsIEGpdf httpwwwfnsusdagovcndBreakfastDefaulthtm earnings ACS Division Information Policy PPH Enrollment Economic Status httpdatadpistatewiusdatagraphshellaspGroupEconomicStatusGraphFile GROUPSDETAILYESCompareToPRIORYEARSSTYPORGLEV ELDIFULLKEYZZZZDNMilwaukeeSNShowSchools APPENDICES APPENDIX PRINCIPAL INTERVIEW together input thoughts generally intended inform leadership What heard Why why PROCESS Where Probe Hot preboxed brown bus east conflict beforeschool Does youve BREAKFASTBREAKFASTINTHECLASSROOM comments expect Are APPLICATIONS exist Please tell Did organizations HTF PTO else suggestions administration collection tasks Date Interview ________________________________________________________ Interviewed __________________________________________________________________ PRINCIPALTEACHERSOCIALWORKER SURVEY representative successfully entrance unique Your please answer following questions Check SecretaryFront Personnel _____________________ Undocumented Other__________________________ helped event Incentivereward Help backtoschool house successes Were GrabNGo From __________ ___________________________ affect _______________________________________________________________________ Overall breakfastinthe ________________________________________________________________________ Preboxed Cold Brown Bag _________________________________________ accomplished EFFECT appropriate Area checked explain ______________________________________________________________________ Project ______________________________ _________________ _______ FOOD SERVICE MANAGER ________________________ _________________________________________________________ ____________________ ______________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________ _________________________ _______________________ WORKER prepared purchase _______________________________________ ____________________________ ENGINEER _________ _____________________________________________________________________ NURSE Have yes related absences __________________________________________________________ _______________________________ ______ Academy Accelerated ALBA AllenField Elementary Street Bruce Guadalupe Bryan Carleton Carson Science Clarke Clemens Clement Avenue Curtin Dover Emerson Fernwood Montesorri FiftyThird Forest Home Fratney French Immersion George Carver Greenfield Hampton Hartford University Hawley Hawthorne Hayes Bilingual Highland HiMount Holmes Hopkins Kagel Keefe Lincoln Lloyd Longfellow Lowell Mantiba Maple Tree Mary McLeod Bethune Metcalfe Mitchell Neeskara Phillis Wheatley Pierce Riley River Trail Robert LaFollette Seher Site Silver Spring Starms Discovery Monumental Story Townsend TwentyFirst Urban Waldorf Vieau Walker Middle Westside Ave
Congressional Hunger Center » Subject Areas » Domestic Federal Nutrition Programs
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