8fb8be45_ior__Darwin_s_Powerful_Science__Area
[Mechanism of Replication] A hostile environment selects for those better fitted to produce descendants either by avoiding death before reproducing, being better able to find a mate, being better able to protect offspring and/or being more success in the competition for resources. Speciation is said to have occurred when taxonomists are able to identify a distinct, genetically isolated group in which individuals do not normally reproduce with members of another gene pool. [Notes] Genetic reproductive mechanism is susceptible to parasitism by genetic free-loaders called viruses. Viruses may become incorporated into a species genome, even rarely contributing long-term benefits but most viruses are harmful and highly 'selfish'. According to this view, all species are equally evolved having been evolving for the same length of time. Differences are due to ecological/environmental differences. [Area] 
Species. Design and diversification of biological species
Rosa Rubicondior: Darwin's Powerful Science
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