5df9c075_ederal_Railroad_Administration_Hazmat_Papers_Title
[Description] This paper describes engineering analyses to estimate the forces, deformations, and puncture resistance of railroad tank cars. Different approaches to examine puncture of the tank car head are described. One approach is semi-empirical equations to estimate the velocity at which puncture is expected to occur. Other approaches apply elastic-plastic finite element analysis. The results from these approaches are compared with experimental data from impact tests, and are shown to provide reasonable estimates of impact forces. [Title] 
Engineering Analysis for Railroad Tank Car Head Puncture Resistance
Miscellaneous Hazmat Papers | Federal Railroad Administration
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