58262379_tic_Federal_Nutrition_Programs__Body
[Title] Evaluation of the 2005-2006 Provision 2 Pilot in Milwaukee Public… [Author] Karen Wong [Year] 2006 [Publication Type] Field Reports [Community Focus] Children, School Staff, Students [Location] Domestic, Milwaukee, Wisconsin [Description] Evaluation of the 2005-2006 Provision 2 Pilot in Milwaukee Public Schools highlights key findings from the evaluation of Milwaukee’s Provision 2 pilot and is used to inform… Read more [Affiliation] Emerson Fellow [Body] 
EVALUATION THE PROVISION PILOT MILWAUKEE PUBLIC SCHOOLS Karen Wong Bill Emerson Hunger Fellow And Task Force February EXECUTIVE SUMMARY only Milwaukee Public School students ate school breakfast even though qualified for free and reduced price lunch Provision option under the national programs that can potentially benefit schools districts with high poverty levels low participation Under meals are served all regardless their income Schools approved implementation program six pilot year agreed evaluate impact these order inform future considerations regarding expansion universal This report details findings from evaluation There great need level support Ninety percent staff parents reported extremely important get Ninetytwo highly entire district positively affects families children attending More than indicate time stress financial burdens greatly influences student behavior learning health socialization least positive impacts variables decreased according members previous heard complain hunger occasionally Breakfast was limited new start tardiness Participation increased significantly two marginally classroom increases doubled where Quantitative measures changes attendance proved inconclusive Attendance nurse visits test scores will revisited during Although meal application outreach efforts labor intensive they were successful applications returned INTRODUCTION The MPS has deep roots local community lobbying public policy change Womens Alliance requested permission Board serve soup lunches government established National Lunch Program enabling receive federal reimbursement establishing services sustainable operation Congress followed introducing first initiated experimental provide morning nutritionally needy Locally group called Citizens Central City which later became petitioned well Three elementary sites Today years offer spite diligent establish programming current availability within District very few eat participated same period state Wisconsin ranked last nation despite improvement numbers Evidence abounds proving serious problem most common reason calls resource referral phone hotline request information obtain food assistance Furthermore network pantries congregate monthly average hot kitchens additional households receiving emergency pantry Federal nutrition further indicates residents County received stamps comprising states stamp recipients Childhood also prevalent Summer vacation periods when not reducedprice Through Fueling Young Minds Meals Initiative Child Nutrition Report Only who qualify compared nationally FRAC Card Impact Sign Times Community Copyright DHFS httpdhfswisconsingovemrsdatarecipientsbycyfsrecipientscyxls During Free available below translates per family three Reducedprice incomes between requirements qualifying existence indisputable With younger living child particularly daunting Milwaukees symptom Also contributing issues including unemployment housing costs wages rate concern Department Housing Urban Development reports expenses should total more individuals but fair market rent single individual Wisconsins minimum wage hour could afford this unless she worked hours week Besides cost utilities poses burden povertystricken city Electric rates expected increase about months January customers largest utility company Moreover warmer weather winter companies expect natural gas prices past seasons prompting Journal Sentinel predict far expensive heating season situation does bode seventh poorest fourth UNIVERSAL FREE MEALS Low among participate cause plethora research demonstrated importance showing eating correlated less behavioral problems improved math grades standardized absences Census Bureau American Survey Workforce httpdwdwisconsingovoeaunemploy_rates_labor_statshtm Out Reach Income Coalition httpwwwnlihcorgoor Content Thomas Rise Heating Costs Easing Held August Murphy Pagano Nachmani Sperling Kane Kleinman Relationship Psychosocial Academic Functioning Archives Pediatric Adolescent Medicine USDA shown associated higher consumption grains fruit milk However specifically indicators diet quality may fact held accountable guidelines outline required amounts vitamins minerals limits fat content Despite benefits have money opportunity nutritious home especially true lowincome Research demonstrates providing feeds bodies minds succeed academically OVERVIEW One means address through regulatory set forth different eligibility why term sometimes used interchangeably standard submit every fullprice based household contrast base still fill out screened however after collected again Thus works fouryear cycle end collect extension Meal vital because basis reimbursing determines percentages categories dollars distributed Maryland Achievement Year III Final Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Cook OhriVachaspati Kelly Evaluation UniversallyFree Demonstration Project Falls Rhode Island Center Poverty Policy Tufts University Medford Promotion Insights Eating Greatly Improves Schoolchildrens Diet Quality December Specifically breakfasts must respectively daily Recommended Dietary Allowances RDA includes calcium protein iron Vitamins calories come saturated reimbursements percentage maximize number highest amount financially feasible large poor once processed beginning Money longer line nor teachers service call remind them childs pay overdue bills forward four BENEFITS AND LIMITATIONS reduces paperwork administrative since annual lessens managers balance accounts everyone receives Another potential thereby remove social stigma Students ordinarily faced choosing paying resources Struggling formerly paid then spend clothing medical eliminated barrier Some embarrassed seen necessary truly fear being labeled standing other simply identified full third allows alternatives serving cafeteria been take verify categorical counts healthy day limitation requires collecting those fare there little incentive turn whether turned special made encourage plan creative ways motivate andor raise awareness best Higher coming too warrant HISTORY PROGRAM After Act expanded authority include HTF saw improve began researching summer fall met officials discuss examples Midwest offered advocate starting Numerous interest groups supported campaign Council PTA Dietetic Association Jewish Children Families Teachers Education SEIU Local Interfaith Conference Greater Health result fiscal budget released April Superintendent William Andrekopolous proposed proposal included cover pilots Following series board hearings input gathered outlined coordinate publicize September volunteers chosen several reasons All had indication strong infrastructures AllenField Mary McLeod Bethune Academy known Street George Washington Carver Longfellow Phillis Wheatley Elementary Two population combination Garfield Palmer did attend either south side north While differ method rest finds times differences depending particular Further specifics each observed Figure Serving Methods Enrollment Method Reduced Eligibility Classroom Allen Field Cafeteria METHODOLOGY assessment completed Written oral surveys quantitative data subjects see member surveyed nurses duty one teacher grade except interviewed due larger size randomly selected People Surveyed Respondents Parents Staff Teacher Principal Social Worker Nurse Building Engineer Food Service Manager Employee Nutritionist Chief Financial Officer Oral interviews recorded Originally researchers sought interview principals prefer setting Instead pulled class individually short minutes answer survey questions promptly sent back inperson took place convenience Compared pencil paper chance expand upon answers raised itself description studys some comments addressed any question These anecdotal responses synthesized themes Parent opinions methods gather handouts events backpack distribution postal Surveys open houses parent meetings classes parentteacher conferences occurred Accompanying letter signed principal explaining asked envelope return thus eliminating extra step mail anything Returned mailers comprised while reach confidence interval another random sample results would plus minus surpassed compare initially unavailable inconsistencies obtaining Services both break obtained assess effect databases profiles describe implemented Finally descriptions operations FINDINGS FROM discussed broad explore Stated Operations Application Process STATED NEED SUPPORT FOR STAFF PERSPECTIVES illustrated overwhelming expressed workers Similarly employees building engineers kids How your Not Important Extremely When gave five main Student access face uncertainty fed freereducedprice difficulty turmoil acutely aware pilotschool Since believe many explained theyre concerned next algebra founding fathers insecurity seeing ketchup outside healthful belief observations bringing junk Hot Cheetos soda donuts lollipops candy bars foods bring beliefs what regard dinner relieves hungry worried given difficulties They today Tomorrow way For moms insurance someone gets sick use Migrant factory always work Forms dont into consideration payment life Other just above cutoff struggle make ends meet explain doing otherwise Usually Knowing its puts ease smart enough know stops might chips juice without fortyfive grace eligible show prove case away peanut butter jelly sandwich rather menu serves described experience traumatic manager happens matter you tears fits From account tease sandwiches say treated equally stand internally publicly inferred felt piece evidence indicated appreciation idea Several excitement find her stating Its thing our like continued affected happy world difference Especially lot kid nutritionist superintendent think portrayed much try identifies whose Still around become selfconscious computer removes Yes moderate doesnt noted sentiment responsibility feed Theres learn cant produce highlighted connections remarking proper ensure Then textbooks PARENT views lower rated focusing Responses myself earn able overall reactions stated good lack give multiple difficult affording early left alone tend Like opinion getting express offering Sometimes buy groceries relief provides working mother takes big off having IMPACT STUDENTS FAMILIES second finding focused alleviates conducted insight SCHOOL BREAKFAST introduction reducing Considerations aside extent convincing Over enormous Effect Small Moderate Large Enormous Total Amount Stress needs Convincing hard making sure things Specific note respondents concerns lives onefifth responded factors via selfselecting actually Those attended consequently likely margins HUNGER frequency complaints breakdown shows reporting complained often never hearing Before how statistics existing amongst underestimated depended verbalization yet pointed feel ashamed attention symptoms example headaches illness immediately hungerrelated prevalence greater already majority smaller stayed decrease attributable part partake Never Occasionally Regularly Often Time Dont Know late missed Mondays kind wonder over weekend didnt Decreased Stayed Same Increased exhibit signs themselves snacks own pockets handed giving frequently saving taken None half focus carrots taking really bought snack ended BEHAVIOR LEARNING HEALTH link fairly obvious correspond such Voluminous ability emerged contributes irritability fatigue distraction resulting immediate surroundings behave better act Ninetyfive huge explanations alert energized Secondly Ninetythree influence possible detect Ive agitated non compliant havent eaten energy energetic ready concentration alertness anecdotally mentioned seemed stomachaches believed comparing examined childrens Seventyeight Seventyseven ratings usually throughout whereas observe SOCIALIZATION addition academic suggests create space interactions examine applies questioned settings playground environment displayed worry together affect Negative Positive mealtime interacting transfer shape small negative conflict afterward recess went condition adequately monitored appropriate Twenty silent lunchroom permit talk implement talking distract tight schedule move timely fashion allow study investigate simple QUANTITATIVE MEASURES ATTENDANCE preceding summarized provided identify effects analyzed using Results mixed worse Behavioral suspensions incident referrals Incident cite occurrences Aggregate determine enrollment divides Third Friday measured begins final deadline allotted funding Examination yielded Unfortunately suspension Suspensions Referrals Behavior Change Improved Worse SERVING METHODS PARTICIPATION regards interested played role affecting assist analyzing RECOGNIZING IMPORTANCE priority limit prevent Interviewers logical Many knew basic youll die stomach hurt possessed understanding beyond live gives helps makes understand significance Eightyseven hand solid Fortyseven understood informed Understanding Understand Well Very Informed suggest sizable judge rating possess knowledge identifiable actions words degree INVESTIGATION BARRIERS achieve fourteen apply circumstances Fiftyeight Few somewhere else purchasing store restaurants Webbs McDonalds specific names days overestimate restaurant memories selective uncertain skip convey kinds elsewhere accurately Why course gleaned relevant changed found Being cited combined bus here options frequent response checked category siblings cousins long walks distances unspecified causes Thirtyfive mean said others forgo care categorized want Bus Late Theyre Principals barriers Among position enables subject Their viewable arrivals pose mentions extended schedules accommodate buses commented arriving challenge Interestingly Have following Percentage willing Reasons related arrival activities Kids play cool Given SepDec Sep Dec Enrolled Increase Decrease experienced marginal nearly remarkably CLASSROOM traditional arrive before starts Unlike sit classrooms head decided begin November nontraditional instead Both bagged bag cereal yogurt muffins lowsugar cookies run slightly differently manners pick assigned clean tasks Garbage tray bins done designated older completing learned adjustments accommodates preventing disruptions supposed deliver trays told personnel trash placed garbage hallway engineer bags operated running scale presented lowest score disaster middle runs conveying Thirtythree indicating favorably Does Work Disaster Somewhat Smoothly About Better Runs COMMENTS CARVER major enjoy devour wasted helped discipline allowed exactly conduct poorly explains track easier manage hall simplicity managementgives autonomy cut needed terms spills equipped materials sanitary WHEATLEY similarly started academics bond socialize problematic issue acknowledged cleanup timing finish throw bathrooms stuffing down toilets although FOOD SERVICE PERSONNEL ENGINEER operate highlight Five differed favorable view tended bagging quite timeintensive nutritionists eventually logistically window STUDENT preferences favorite seems preference suggestions varieties cereals suggestion items homestyle commonly pancakes sausages wish variety occasion seem point toward desired compromise See page normally OPINIONS TOWARD STARTING What traditionally thoughts Overall split almost yes frontline examination Breakdown Would Managers Employees certainly opposed trying require adjusted fine tunelogistics nervous put help process assisting grab Portland Oregon offers attitudes towards grabandgo disliked now CHANGES OPERATIONS besides recent job unrelated THIS YEAR Neither choice choose entrees portions choices hectic shortstaffed vendor arrives preprepared alleviate workload According staffing EFFECT JOBS Four jobs send letters contact owed deal situations arise count directly linked Pilot employee translated routine resulted littering plastic utensils floor added mostly forms audit WOULD LIKE DISTRICT MAKE going wasting pays putting parentsthe system freereduced wide effective Districtwide item suggesting veggies fruits suggested Universal requests Update equipment electric outlets Give extras seconds throwing various limitations Engineers saying reinforced recommended SERVICES gathering perspectives Eightyeight liking changing popular top list follows Cereal Frosted Flakes Fruit Loops Cheerios Milk Juice Scrambled eggs Waffle sticks Oatmeal Peanut Butter Jelly Sandwiches Grits Egg THAT CAFETERIAS Most Offer currently Serve alluded wanting sausage bacon waffles Poll ideas surveywhat people MEAL APPLICATION PROCESS proportion determined reimburse operates ACTIVITIES COMPLETED OUTREACH targeted Prior flyers neighborhoods guardians flyer encouraged regulations informing created delivered notice mailboxes concentrated coordinated assisted involvement varying site Various announce supply complete clearance requesting cases followup notes attached asking form repeated occasions certain conspicuousness draw involved yearround collection calendar Depending action coordinator psychologist submitted Home resort schoolspecific ice cream party announcements newsletters attempt quantify devoted estimated spent rough estimates comparison analysis figures aggregate considered passing fliers preparing readying coordinating CHALLENGES Outreach challenges twofold nature logistical Complicated Limited literacy education Lack Hmongtranslated read comprehend wordy instructions transient correct addresses lose Once correctly readable experimented scanning project meant scanned successfully reluctant knowing Attempts lines disconnected incorrect Confusion arose ISIS status leading filling uptodate consistent format database Much crosschecking occurs summary OUTCOMES appears visible striking Price Applications columns remaining represents column right subtracting records exist laborintensive occur socioeconomic requirement recollecting waived timeconsuming keep mind effort Actual similar Description Efforts Reports Last Letters secretary worker contacts Repeatedly passed pass incentives apps Assistant Coordinator reminder Secretaries parties Title follow nonreturned CONCLUSIONS clearly homes impacted improves contributed direct causal relationship cannot coincided exacerbated Comparing proves uneven playing field considering facilitates possibility experiences promising succeeded increasing garnering dedicated manpower directed comparable Future decisions streamline continue ISSUES YET ADDRESSED assessed charge unlike implementing latter SAGE conflicts reduction processing Whether hopefully improvements possibly RECOMMENDATIONS complementing marketing Incorporate month Plan competitions Classrooms compete Institute schoolwide essay contest write visual representation mural inhouse promote house Consider largescale Forces partnership Fresh Brand organize Bucks Reduce improving Implement districtwide structures automated messages Coordinate socials returns educate betweenclassroom committed continuing annually Congressional route visit Expansion goal APPENDIX AGUIDELINES BAG BFOOD PROFILES SIX
Congressional Hunger Center » Subject Areas » Domestic Federal Nutrition Programs
Body