addiction is generally a neuropsychological disorder defining pervasive and intense urge to engage in maladaptive behaviors providing immediate sensory rewards (e.g.consuming drugs, excessively gambling), despite their harmful consequences.dependence is generally an addiction that can involve withdrawal issues.addictive disorder is a category of mental disorders defining important intensities of addictions or dependences, which induce functional disabilities.there are no agreed definitions on these terms – see section on 'definitions'.repetitive drug use alters brain function in ways that perpetuate craving, and weakens (but does not completely negate) self-control.this phenomenon – drugs reshaping brain function – has led to an understanding of addiction as a brain disorder with a complex variety of psychosocial as well as neurobiological (and thus involuntary) factors that are implicated in addiction's development.classic signs of addiction include compulsive engagement in rewarding stimuli, preoccupation with substances or behavior, and continued use despite negative consequences.habits and patterns associated with addiction are typically characterized by immediate gratification (short-term reward), coupled with delayed deleterious effects (long-term costs).examples of drug (or more generally, substance) addictions include alcoholism, marijuana addiction, amphetamine addiction, cocaine addiction, nicotine addiction, opioid addiction, and eating or food addiction.alternatively, behavioral addictions may include gambling addiction, internet addiction, social media addiction, video game addiction, pornography addiction and sexual addiction.the dsm-5 and icd-10 only recognise gambling addictions as behavioural addictions, but the icd-11 also recognises gaming addictions.a common use of addictions in medicine, is as neuropsychological symptoms defining pervasive/excessive and intense urges to engage in a category of behavioural compulsions or impulses towards sensory rewards (e.g.alcohol, betel quid, drugs, sex, gambling, video gaming).addictive disorders or addiction disorders, are mental disorders involving high intensities of addictions (as neuropsychological symptoms) that induce functional disabilities (i.e.limit subjects' social/family and occupational activities), and whose the two addiction categories are substance-use addictions and behavioural addictions.however, there is no agreement on the exact definition of addictions in medicine.indeed, volkow et al.(2016) report that the dsm-5 defines addictions as the most severe degree of the addictive disorders due to pervasive/excessive substance-use or behavioural compulsions/impulses.it is a definition that many scientific papers and reports use.dependences is also a polyseme defining either neuropsychological symptoms or mental disorders.in the dsm-5, dependences differ from addictions and can even normally happen without addictions; besides, substance-use dependences are severe stages of substance-use addictions (i.e.mental disorders) involving withdrawal issues.in the icd-11, substance-use dependences is a synonym of substance-use addictions (i.e.neuropsychological symptoms) that can but not necessarily involve withdrawal issues.this form of addiction changes brain circuitry such that the brain's reward system is compromised, causing functional consequences for stress management and self-control.damage to the functions of the organs involved can persist throughout a lifetime and cause death if untreated.substances involved with drug addiction include alcohol, nicotine, marijuana, opioids, cocaine, amphetamines, and even foods with high fat and sugar content.addictions can begin experimentally in social contexts and can arise from the use of prescribed medications or a variety of other measures.drug addiction has been shown to work in phenomenological, conditioning (operant and classical), cognitive models, and the cue reactivity model.however, no one model completely illustrates substance abuse.risk factors for addiction include:  aggressive behavior (particularly in childhood) availability of substance community economic status experimentation epigenetics impulsivity (attentional, motor, or non-planning) lack of parental supervision lack of peer refusal skills mental disorders method substance is taken usage of substance in youth   === food addiction ===  the diagnostic criteria for food or eating addiction has not been categorized or defined in references such as the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (dsm or dsm-5) and is based on subjective experiences similar to substance use disorders.
presentableness | myrmecobiine | unsidling
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