38°34′36″n 121°29′37″w  the california state senate is the upper house of the california state legislature, the lower house being the california state assembly.the state senate convenes, along with the state assembly, at the california state capitol in sacramento.due to a combination of the state's large population and a legislature that has not been expanded since the ratification of the 1879 constitution, the state senate has the largest population per state senator ratio of any state legislative house.in the united states house of representatives, california is apportioned 52 u.s. representatives, each representing approximately 750,564 people, while in the california state senate, each of the 40 state senators represents approximately 931,349 people.this means that california state senators each represent more people than california's members of the house of representatives.in the current legislative session, the democratic party holds 32 out of the 40 seats, which constitutes an 80% majority—well over the two-thirds supermajority threshold of 27.such districts were to be 'as nearly equal in population as may be, and composed of contiguous territory'.there was to be one senate district for each senator.such districts were also required to preserve political boundaries: 'in the formation of such districts, no county, or city and county, shall be divided, unless it contain a sufficient population within itself to form two or more districts; nor shall a part of any county, or of any city and county, be united with any other county, or city and county, in forming any district.'between 1933 and 1967, state legislative districts were drawn according to the 'little federal model' by which assembly seats were drawn according to population and senate seats were drawn according to county lines.the guidelines were that no senate district would include more than three counties and none would include less than one complete county.this led to the situation of a populous county such as los angeles county (1960 population of 6 million) being accorded the same number of state senators (one) as less populous counties such as alpine county (1960 pop.397).the senate districts remained unaltered from 1933 to 1967, regardless of the changes in the population distribution.in reynolds v. sims, the united states supreme court compelled all states to draw up districts with equal population.as such, boundaries were changed to comply with the ruling.the president pro tempore is elected by the majority party caucus, followed by confirmation of the full senate.other leaders, such as the majority and minority leaders, are elected by their respective party caucuses according to each party's strength in the chamber.the current president pro tempore is democrat toni atkins of san diego.the minority leader is republican brian jones of santee.as a result of proposition 140 in 1990 and proposition 28 in 2012, members elected to the legislature prior to 2012 are restricted by term limits to two four-year terms (eight years), while those elected in or after 2012 are allowed to serve 12 years in the legislature in any combination of four-year state senate or two-year state assembly terms.members of the state senate serve four-year terms.every two years, half of the senate's 40 seats are subject to election.this is in contrast to the state assembly, in which all 80 seats in the assembly are subject to election every two years.the dais rests along a wall shaped like an 'e', with its central projection housing the rostrum.the lower tier dais runs across the entire chamber, there are several chairs and computers used by the senate officers, the most prominent seat is reserved for the secretary who calls the roll.
california state senate | ispartof | california state legislature
38°34′36″n 121°29′37″w  the california state senate is the upper house of the california state legislature, the lower house being the california state assembly.the state senate convenes, along with the state assembly, at the california state capitol in sacramento.due to a combination of the state's large population and a legislature that has not been expanded since the ratification of the 1879 constitution, the state senate has the largest population per state senator ratio of any state legislative house.in the united states house of representatives, california is apportioned 52 u.s. representatives, each representing approximately 750,564 people, while in the california state senate, each of the 40 state senators represents approximately 931,349 people.this means that california state senators each represent more people than california's members of the house of representatives.'between 1933 and 1967, state legislative districts were drawn according to the 'little federal model' by which assembly seats were drawn according to population and senate seats were drawn according to county lines.this led to the situation of a populous county such as los angeles county (1960 population of 6 million) being accorded the same number of state senators (one) as less populous counties such as alpine county (1960 pop.in reynolds v. sims, the united states supreme court compelled all states to draw up districts with equal population.as a result of proposition 140 in 1990 and proposition 28 in 2012, members elected to the legislature prior to 2012 are restricted by term limits to two four-year terms (eight years), while those elected in or after 2012 are allowed to serve 12 years in the legislature in any combination of four-year state senate or two-year state assembly terms.members of the state senate serve four-year terms.this is in contrast to the state assembly, in which all 80 seats in the assembly are subject to election every two years.