arianespace sa is a french company founded in 1980 as the world's first commercial launch service provider.it undertakes the operation and marketing of the ariane programme.the company offers a number of different launch vehicles: the heavy-lift ariane 5 for dual launches to geostationary transfer orbit, the soyuz-2 as a medium-lift alternative, and the solid-fueled vega for lighter payloads.as of may 2021, arianespace had launched more than 850 satellites in 287 launches over 41 years.the first commercial flight managed by the new entity was spacenet f1 launched on 23 may 1984.arianespace uses the guiana space centre in french guiana as its main launch site.through shareholding in starsem, it can also offer commercial soyuz launches from the baikonur spaceport in kazakhstan.it has its headquarters in évry-courcouronnes, essonne, france.prior to the esa's formation, france had been lobbying for the development of a new european expendable launch system to serve as a replacement for the europa rocket.accordingly, one of the first programmes launched by the esa was the ariane heavy launcher.the express purpose of this launcher was to facilitate the delivery of commercial satellites into geosynchronous orbit.france was the largest stakeholder in the ariane development programme.french aerospace manufacturer aérospatiale served as the prime contractor and held responsibility for performing the integration of all sections of the vehicle, while french engine manufacturer société européenne de propulsion (sep) provided the first, second and third stage engines (the third stage engines were produced in partnership with german aerospace manufacturer mbb).other major companies involved included the french firms air liquide and matra, swedish manufacturer volvo, and german aircraft producer dornier flugzeugwerke.development of the third stage was a major focus point for the project - prior to ariane, only the united states had ever flown a launcher that utilised hydrogen-powered upper stages.immediately following the successful first test launch of an ariane 1 on 24 december 1979, the french space agency centre national d'études spatiales (cnes) and the esa created a new company, arianespace, for the purpose of promoting, marketing, and managing ariane operations.according to arianespace, at the time of its establishment, it was the world's first launch services company.following a further three test launches, the first commercial launch took place on 10 september 1982, which ended in failure as a result of a turbopump having failed in the third stage.the six remaining flights of the ariane 1 were successful, with the final flight occurring during february 1986.as a result of these repeated successes, orders for the ariane launcher quickly mounted up; by early 1984, a total of 27 satellites had been booked to use ariane, which was estimated to be half of the world's market at that time.as a result of the commercial success, after the tenth ariane mission was flown, the esa formally transferred responsibility for ariane over to arianespace.by early 1986, the ariane 1, along with its ariane 2 and ariane 3 derivates, were the dominant launcher on the world market.the ariane 2 and ariane 3 were short-lived platforms while the more extensive ariane 4 was being developed; it was a considerably larger and more flexible launcher that the earlier members of its family, having been intended from the onset to compete with the upper end of launchers worldwide.in comparison, while the ariane 1 had a typical weight of 207 tonnes and could launch payloads of up to 1.7 tonnes into orbit; the larger ariane 4 had a typical weight of 470 tonnes and could orbit payloads of up to 4.2 tonnes.despite this, the ariane 4 was actually 15 per cent smaller than the ariane 3.on 15 june 1988, the first successful launch of the ariane 4 was conducted.
townsite | unchildishness | unperpetuated
no related information