gubbio (italian pronunciation: [ˈgubbjo]) is an italian town and comune in the far northeastern part of the italian province of perugia (umbria).it is located on the lowest slope of mt.ingino, a small mountain of the apennines.the hills above the town were already occupied in the bronze age.as ikuvium, it was an important town of the umbri in pre-roman times, made famous for the discovery there in 1444 of the iguvine tablets, a set of bronze tablets that together constitute the largest surviving text in the umbrian language.after the roman conquest in the 2nd century bc – it kept its name as iguvium – the city remained important, as attested by its roman theatre, the second-largest surviving in the world.gubbio became very powerful in the beginning of the middle ages.the town sent 1000 knights to fight in the first crusade under the lead of girolamo of the prominent gabrielli family, who according to an undocumented local tradition, they were the first to reach the church of the holy sepulchre when jerusalem was seized (1099).the following centuries in gubbio were turbulent, featuring wars against the neighboring towns of umbria.one of these wars saw the miraculous intervention of its bishop, ubald, who secured gubbio an overwhelming victory (1151) and a period of prosperity.in the struggles of guelphs and ghibellines, the gabrielli, such as the condottiero cante dei gabrielli (c. 1260–1335), fought for the guelph faction, supporting the papacy.as podestà of florence, cante exiled dante alighieri, ensuring his own lasting notoriety.in 1350 giovanni gabrielli, count of borgovalle seized power as the lord of gubbio.his rule was short, and he was forced to hand over the town to cardinal gil álvarez carrillo de albornoz, representing the papal states (1354).a few years later, gabriello gabrielli, the bishop of gubbio, also proclaimed himself lord of gubbio (signor d'agobbio).betrayed by a group of noblemen which included many of his relatives, the bishop was forced to leave the town and seek refuge at his home castle at cantiano.with the decline of the political prestige of the gabrielli, gubbio was thereafter incorporated into the territories of the house of montefeltro.the lord of urbino, federico da montefeltro rebuilt the ancient palazzo ducale in gubbio, incorporating in it a studiolo veneered with intarsia like his studiolo at urbino.the maiolica industry at gubbio reached its apogee in the first half of the 16th century, with metallic lustre glazes imitating gold and copper.gubbio became part of the papal states in 1631, when the della rovere family, to whom the duchy of urbino had been granted, was extinguished.in 1860 gubbio was incorporated into the kingdom of italy along with the rest of the papal states.the name of the pamphili family, a great papal family, originated in gubbio then went to rome under the pontificate of pope innocent viii (1484–1492), and is immortalized by diego velázquez and his portrait of pope innocent x.the municipality borders cagli (pu), cantiano (pu), costacciaro, fossato di vico, gualdo tadino, perugia, pietralunga, scheggia e pascelupo, sigillo, umbertide and valfabbrica.many houses in central gubbio date to the 14th and 15th centuries, and were originally the dwellings of wealthy merchants.they often have a second door fronting on the street, usually just a few inches from the main entrance.this secondary entrance is narrower, and a foot or so above the actual street level.this type of door is called a porta dei morti (door of the dead) because it was proposed that they were used to remove the bodies of any who might have died inside the house.
hesychast | nomades | microseismic <tsp> hesychast | thyreoantitoxin | stallingken
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