punjab ( (listen); punjabi, urdu: پنجاب, pronounced [pənˈdʒɑːb]) is a province of pakistan.located in central-eastern region of the country, punjab is the second-largest province of pakistan by land area and the largest province by population.it is bordered by the pakistani provinces of khyber pakhtunkhwa to the north-west, balochistan to the south-west and sindh to the south, as well as islamabad capital territory to the north-west and azad kashmir to the north.it shares an international border with the indian states of rajasthan and punjab to the east and indian-administered kashmir to the north-east.punjab is the most fertile province of the country as river indus and its four major tributaries ravi, jhelum, chenab and sutlej flow through it.the province forms the bulk of the transnational punjab region, now divided among pakistan and india.the provincial capital is lahore — a cultural and cosmopolitan centre of pakistan.other major cities include faisalabad, rawalpindi, gujranwala, sargodha, multan, and sialkot.punjab is also the world's fifth-most populous subnational entity, and the most populous outside of china and india.punjab is pakistan's most industrialized province, with the industrial sector comprising 24 percent of the province's gross domestic product.it is known for its relative prosperity, and has the lowest rate of poverty among all pakistani provinces.however, a clear divide is present between the northern and southern regions of the province; with northern punjab being more prosperous than south punjab.punjab is also one of the most urbanized regions of south asia, with approximately 40 percent of its population being concentrated in urban areas.the culture of punjab has been strongly influenced by sufism, with numerous sufi shrines spread across the province.guru nanak, the founder of sikhism, was born in the town of nankana sahib, near lahore.punjab is also the site of the katas raj temples, which feature prominently in hindu mythology.several of the world heritage sites listed by unesco are located in punjab, including the shalimar gardens, the lahore fort, the archaeological excavations at taxila, and the rohtas fort, among others.the word pañjāb thus means 'the land of five waters', referring to the rivers jhelum, chenab, ravi, sutlej, and beas.all are tributaries of the indus river, the sutlej being the largest.references to a land of five rivers may be found in the mahabharata, which calls one of the regions in ancient bharat  panchanada (sanskrit: पञ्चनद, romanized: pañca-nada, lit.'five rivers').persian place names are very common in northwest india and pakistan.the ancient greeks referred to the region as pentapotamía (greek: πενταποταμία), which has the same meaning as the persian word.and declined rapidly 1,000 years later, following the indo-aryan migrations that overran the region in waves between 1500 and 500 b.c.frequent intertribal wars stimulated the growth of larger groupings ruled by chieftains and kings, who ruled local kingdoms known as mahajanapadas.the rise of kingdoms and dynasties in the punjab is chronicled in the ancient hindu epics, particularly the mahabharata.kaspatyrus or multan was briefly conquered by darius the great's army and included in his extensive empire.multan was the noted centre of excellence of the region which was attacked by greek army led by alexander the great.the mali tribe together with nearby tribes gathered an army of 90,000 personnel to face greek army.this was the largest army faced by greeks in entire subcontinent.during the siege of the city's citadel, the alexander leaped into the inner area of the citadel, where he killed the mallians' leader.alexander was wounded by an arrow that had penetrated his lung, leaving him severely injured.
punjab pakistan | leadername | malik muhammad rafique rajwana
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