in greek mythology, pandora (greek: πανδώρα,  derived from πᾶν, pān, i.e.'all' and δῶρον, dōron, i.e.'gift', thus  'the all-endowed', 'all-gifted' or 'all-giving') was the first human woman created by hephaestus on the instructions of zeus.as hesiod related it, each god cooperated by giving her unique gifts.her other name—inscribed against her figure on a white-ground kylix in the british museum—is anesidora (ancient greek: ἀνησιδώρα), 'she who sends up gifts' (up implying 'from below' within the earth).the pandora myth is a kind of theodicy, addressing the question of why there is evil in the world, according to which, pandora opened a jar (pithos) (commonly referred to as 'pandora's box') releasing all the evils of humanity.it has been argued that hesiod's interpretation of pandora's story went on to influence both jewish and christian theology and so perpetuated her bad reputation into the renaissance.later poets, dramatists, painters and sculptors made her their subject.after humans received the stolen gift of fire from prometheus, an angry zeus decides to give humanity a punishing gift to compensate for the boon they had been given.he commands hephaestus to mold from earth the first woman, a 'beautiful evil' whose descendants would torment the human race.after hephaestus does so, athena dresses her in a silvery gown, an embroidered veil, garlands and an ornate crown of silver.this woman goes unnamed in the theogony, but is presumably pandora, whose myth hesiod revisited in works and days.when she first appears before gods and mortals, 'wonder seized them' as they looked upon her.but she was 'sheer guile, not to be withstood by men.'hesiod elaborates (590–93):  hesiod goes on to lament that men who try to avoid the evil of women by avoiding marriage will fare no better (604–7):  hesiod concedes that occasionally a man finds a good wife, but still (609) 'evil contends with good.'in this version of the myth (lines 60–105), hesiod expands upon her origin and moreover widens the scope of the misery she inflicts on humanity.as before, she is created by hephaestus, but now more gods contribute to her completion (63–82): athena taught her needlework and weaving (63–4); aphrodite 'shed grace upon her head and cruel longing and cares that weary the limbs' (65–6); hermes gave her 'a shameless mind and a deceitful nature' (67–8); hermes also gave her the power of speech, putting in her 'lies and crafty words' (77–80); athena then clothed her (72); next persuasion and the charites adorned her with necklaces and other finery (72–4); the horae adorned her with a garland crown (75).finally, hermes gives this woman a name: 'pandora [i.e.'all-gift'], because all they who dwelt on olympus gave each a gift, a plague to men who eat bread' (81–2).in this retelling of her story, pandora's deceitful feminine nature becomes the least of humanity's worries.for she brings with her a jar (which, due to textual corruption in the sixteenth century, came to be called a box) containing 'countless plagues' (100).prometheus had (fearing further reprisals) warned his brother epimetheus not to accept any gifts from zeus.but epimetheus did not listen; he accepted pandora, who promptly scattered the contents of her jar.as a result, hesiod tells us, the earth and sea are 'full of evils' (101).one item, however, did not escape the jar (96–9):  hesiod does not say why hope (elpis) remained in the jar.hesiod closes with a moral (105): there is 'no way to escape the will of zeus.'hesiod also outlines how the end of man's golden age (an all-male society of immortals who were reverent to the gods, worked hard, and ate from abundant groves of fruit) was brought on by prometheus.
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