the mid-atlantic regional spaceport (mars) is a commercial space launch facility located at the southern tip of nasa's wallops flight facility on wallops island in virginia, just east of the delmarva peninsula and south of chincoteague, virginia, united states.it is owned and operated by the virginia spaceport authority.this initiative was done from the recommendations of the batten college at old dominion university, with dr. billie reed, a longtime professor at the university, installed as its executive director.in 1997, virginia space entered into a reimbursable space act agreement with nasa, which provided for permitted use of land on nasa wallops island for the mars launch pads.virginia space also applied for and was granted an faa license to launch to orbit.this led to the establishment of the virginia space flight center, located on the southern portion of nasa wallops island.at the time, the center served as a collective partnership that included the national aeronautic and space administration (nasa), old dominion university, and virginia space.in july 2003, governors robert ehrlich of maryland and mark warner of virginia signed an agreement that directed the secretary of commerce and trade of virginia and the secretary of business and economic development of maryland to form a working group to develop a concept and implementation plan for joint governance, operation, and administration of the commercial spaceport at wallops island.as such, the virginia space flight center was renamed as the mid-atlantic regional spaceport (mars), reflecting the location of the facilities as opposed to the singular state.mars is approved for launch azimuths from 38° to 60°, making it an ideal location from which to launch to the international space station (iss).in 2007, nasa selected virginia-based orbital sciences corporation (northrop grumman) to participate in the commercial orbital transportation services (cots) program and then selected orbital for a follow-on commercial resupply service (crs) contract to build and demonstrate a new rocket, antares, to resupply the international space station (iss).the crs contract authorized eight missions from 2012 to 2015 carrying approximately 20,000 kg of cargo to iss as well as disposal of waste.these launches were to take place from the new state-of-the-art mars pad 0a.on mars pad 0b, vcsfa made modifications and upgrades to launch the nasa lunar atmosphere and dust environment explorer (ladee) mission to the moon in mid-2013 on a new orbital sciences minotaur v launch vehicle.also in mid-2013, the usaf launched ors-3 from mars pad 0b.mars is one of only several sites licensed by the faa office of commercial space transportation to launch to orbit.additionally, virginia is home to the nasa langley research center (larc) and national reconnaissance office (nro), and as such is a recipient of a large portion of the federal budget for space.finally, according to the information technology and innovation foundation, virginia ranks first in the number of scientists and engineers as a percentage of the workforce, third in the concentration of high-tech jobs as a percentage of the workforce, and sixth in non-industry investment in research and development.the launch pad 0a (lp-0a) (located at 37.833959°n 75.4878331°w﻿ / 37.833959; -75.4878331﻿ (wallops island launch pad 0-a)) was built for the conestoga rocket, which made its only flight in 1995.the launch tower was subsequently demolished in september 2008, and has now been rebuilt for use by the northrop grumman innovation systems antares.the pad modifications for antares included the construction of a horizontal integration facility for launcher/payload mating and a wheeled transporter/erector that will 'roll out and erect the rocket on its launch pad about 24 hours prior to launch'.launch pad 0b (lp-0b) (located at 37.8311576°n 75.4913829°w﻿ / 37.8311576; -75.4913829﻿ (wallops island launch pad 0-b)) became operational in 1999, and was subsequently upgraded with the construction of a mobile service tower, which was completed in 2004.
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