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Sample or Specimen : Any biological material collected for the purposes of Doping Control .84 Signatories : Those entities accepting the Code and agreeing to implement the Code , as provided in Article 23 of the Code .
Specified Method: See Article 4.2.2.
Specified Substance : See Article 4.2.2.
Strict Liability : The rule which provides that under Article 2.1 and Article 2.2 , it is not necessary that intent, Fault , Negligence , or knowing Use on the Athlete’s part be demonstrated by the Anti-Doping Organization in order to establish an anti -doping rule violation.
Substance of Abuse : See Article 4.2.3.
Substantial Assistance : For purposes of Article 10.7.1 , a Person providing Substantial Assistance must: (1) fully disclose in a signed written statement or recorded interview all information he or she possesses in relation to anti -doping rule violations or other proceeding described in Article 10.7.1.1, and (2) fully cooperate with the investigation a nd adjudication of any case or matter related to that information, including, for example, presenting testimony at a hearing if requested to do so by an Anti-Doping Organization or hearing panel.
Further, the information provided must be credible and must comprise an important part of any case or proceeding which is initiated or, if no case or proceeding is initiated, must have provided a sufficient basis on which a case or proceeding could have been brought.
Tampering : Intentional conduct which subverts t he Doping Control process, but which would not otherwise be included in the definition of Prohibited Methods .
Tampering shall include, without limitation, offering or accepting a bribe to perform or fail to perform an act, preventing the collection of a Sample , affecting or making impossible the analysis of a Sample , falsifying documents submitted to an Anti-Doping Organization or TUE committee or hearing panel, procuring false testimony from witnesses, committing any other fraudulent act upon the Anti-Doping Organization or hearing body to affect Results Management or the imposition of Consequences , and any other similar intentional interference or Attempted interference with any aspect of Doping Control .85 Target Testing : Selection of specific Athletes for Testing based on criteria set forth in the International Standard for Testing and Investigations.
Team Sport : A sport in which the substitution of players is permitted during a Competition .
Technical Document : A document adopted and published by WADA from time to time containing mandatory technical requirements on specific anti -doping topics as set forth in an International Standard .
84 Comment to Sample or Specimen : It has sometimes been claimed that the collection of blood Samples violates the tenets of certain religious or cultural groups.
It has been determined that there is no basis for any such claim.
85 Comment to Tampering : For example, this Article would prohibit altering identification numbers on a Doping Control form durin g Testing, breaking the B bottle at the time of B Sample analysis, altering a Sample by the addition of a foreign substance, or intimidating or attempting to intimidate a potential witness or a witness who has provided testimony or information in the Do ping Control process.
Tampering includes misconduct which occurs during the Results Management process.
See Article 10.9.3.3.
However, actions taken as part of a Person's legitimate defense to an anti -doping rule violation charge shall not be considered Tampe ring.
Offensive conduct towards a Doping Control official or other Person involved in Doping Control which does not otherwise constitute Tampering shall be addressed in the disciplinary rules of sport organizations.
ILS Ant -Doping Rules 2021 Page 64 of 64 Testing : The parts of the Doping Control process involving test distribution planning, Sample collection, Sample handling, and Sample transport to the laboratory.
Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE): A Therapeutic Use Exemption allows an Athlete with a medical condition to Use a Prohibited Substanc e or Prohibited Method , but only if the conditions set out in Article 4.4 and the International Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions are met.
Trafficking : Selling, giving, transporting, sending, delivering or distributing (or Possessing for any such purpose) a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method (either physically or by any electronic or other means) by an Athlete , Athlete Support Person or any other Person subject to the authority of an Anti-Doping Organization to any third party; provided, however, this definition shall not include the actions of bona fide medical personnel involving a Prohibited Substance used for genuine and legal therapeutic purp oses or other acceptable justification, and shall not include actions involving Prohibited Substances which are not prohibited in Out-of-Competition Testing unless the circumstances as a whole demonstrate such Prohibited Substances are not intended for gen uine and legal therapeutic purposes or are intended to enhance sport performance.
UNESCO Convention : The International Convention against Doping in Sport adopted by the 33rd session of the UNESCO General Conference on 19 October 2005 including any and all amendments adopted by the States Parties to the Convention and the Conference of Parties to the International Convention against Doping in Sport.
Use: The utilization, appl ication, ingestion, injection or consumption by any means whatsoever of any Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method .
WADA : The World Anti -Doping Agency.
Without Prejudice Agreement : For purposes of Articles 10.7.1.1 and 10.8.2 , a written agreement between an Anti-Doping Organization and an Athlete or other Person that allows the Athlete or other Person to provide information to the Anti-Doping Organization in a defined time -limited setting with the understanding that, if an agreement for Substantial Assistance or a case resolution agreement is not finalized, the information provided by the Athlete or other Person in this particular setting may not be used by the Anti-Doping Organization against the Athlete or other Person in any Results Management proceeding under the Code , and that the information provided by the Anti-Doping Organization in this particular setting may not be used by the Athlete or other Person against the Anti-Doping Organization in any Results Management proceeding under the Code .
Such an agreement shall not preclude the Anti-Doping Organization , Athlete or other Person from using any information or evidence gathered from any source other th an during the specific time -limited setting described in the agreement.
WORLD LACROSSE ANTI -DOPING RULES January 2021 World Lacrosse World Anti -Doping Code (January 2021 ) Page 2 of 69 World Lacrosse World Anti -Doping Code (January 2021 ) Page 3 of 69 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 4 ARTICLE 1 DEFINITION OF DOPING ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 6 ARTI CLE 2 ANTI -DOPING RULE VIOLATIONS ................................ ................................ ................... 7 ARTICLE 3 PROOF OF DOPING ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 11 ARTICLE 4 THE PROHIBITED LIST ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 13 ARTI CLE 5 TESTING AND INVESTIGATIONS ................................ ................................ ................... 18 ARTICLE 6 ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES ................................ ................................ ................................ 24 ARTICLE 7 RESULTS MANAGEMENT: RESPONSIBILITY, INITIAL REVIEW, NOTICE AND PROVISIONAL SUSPENSIONS ................................ ................................ ....................... 26 ARTICLE 8 RESULTS MANAGEMENT : RIGHT TO A FAIR HEARING AND NOTICE OF HEARING DECISION ................................ ................................ ................................ .......................... 30 ARTICLE 9 AUTOMATIC DISQUALIFICATION OF INDIVIDUAL RESULTS ................................ .... 31 ARTICLE 10 SANCTIONS ON INDIVIDUALS ................................ ................................ ....................... 32 ARTICLE 11 CONSEQUENCES TO TEAMS ................................ ................................ ........................ 44 ARTICLE 12 SANCTIONS BY WORLD LACROSSE AGAINST OTHER SPORTING BODIES .......... 45 ARTICLE 13 RESULTS MANAGEMENT: APPEALS ................................ ................................ .......... 46 ARTICLE 14 CONFIDENTIALITY AND REPORTING ................................ ................................ ........... 50 ARTICLE 15 IMPLEMENTATION OF DECISIONS ................................ ................................ ............... 54 ARTICLE 16 STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS ................................ ................................ ............................ 55 ARTICLE 17 EDUCATION ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... 55 ARTICLE 18 ADDITIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF NATIONAL GOVERNING BODIES ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 55 ARTICLE 19 ADDITIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF WORLD LACROSSE .................. 57 ARTICLE 20 ADDITIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF ATHLETES ................................ .
57 ARTICLE 21 ADDITIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF ATHLETE SUPPORT PERSONNEL ................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... 58 ARTICLE 22 ADDITIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF OTHER PERSONS SUBJECT TO THESE ANTI -DOPING RULES ................................ ................................ ......................... 58 ARTICLE 23 INTERPRETATION OF THE CODE ................................ ................................ ................. 59 ARTICLE 24 FINAL PROVISIONS ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 59 APPENDIX 1 DEFINITIONS ................................ ................................ ................................ .................... 62 WADA 2021 IF Model Rules ( December 2019) Page 4 of 69 WORLD LACROSSE ANTI -DOPING RULES INTRODUCTION Preface These Anti -Doping Rules are adopted and implemented in accordance with World Lacrosse 's responsibilities under the Code , and in furtherance of World Lacrosse 's continuing efforts to eradicate doping in sport.
These Anti -Doping Rules are sport rules govern ing the conditions under which sport is played.
Aimed at enforcing anti -doping rules in a global and harmonized manner, they are distinct in nature from criminal and civil laws.
They are not intended to be subject to or limited by any national requirements and legal standards applicable to criminal or civil proceedings, although they are intended to be applied in a manner which respects the principles of proportionality and human rights.
When reviewing the facts and the law of a given case, all courts, arbi tral tribunals and other adjudicating bodies should be aware of and respect the distinct nature of these Anti -Doping Rules, which implement the Code , and the fact that these rules represent the consensus of a broad spectrum of stakeholders around the world as to what is necessary to protect and ensure fair sport.
As provided in the Code , World Lacrosse shall be responsible for conducting all aspects of Doping Control .
Any aspect of Doping Control or anti -doping Education may be delegated by World Lacrosse to a Delegated Third Party , however, World Lacrosse shall require the Delegated Third Party to perform such aspects in compliance with the Code , International Standards , and these Anti -Doping Rules.
If World Lacrosse delegates its responsibilities to implement part or all of Doping Control to the Delegated Third Party, any reference to World Lacrosse in these Rules should be intended as a reference to that Delegated Third Party , where applicable and within the context of the aforementioned delegation.
World Lacrosse shall always remain full y responsible for ensuring that any delegated aspects are performed in compliance with the Code .
World Lacrosse may delegate the relevant part of its adjudication or Results Managemen t responsibilities to the CAS Anti -Doping Division (CAS ADD).
Italicized terms used in these Anti -Doping Rules are defined in Appendix 1 .
Unless otherwise specified, references to Articles are references to Articles of these Anti -Doping Rules.
Fundamental Rationale for the Code and World Lacrosse 's Anti -Doping Rules Anti-doping programs are founded on the intrinsic value of sport.
This intrinsic value is often referred to as "the spirit of sport": the ethical pursuit of human excellence through the dedicated perfection of each Athlete’s natural talents.
Anti-doping programs seek to protect the health of Athletes and to provide the opportunity for Athletes to pursue human excellence without the Use of Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods .
Anti-doping programs seek to maintain the integrity of sport in terms of respect for rules, other competitors, fair competition, a level playing field, and the value of clean sport to the world.
The spirit o f sport is the celebration of the human spirit, body and mind.
It is the essence of Olympism and is reflected in the values we find in and through sport, including: • Health • Ethics, fair play and honesty WADA 2021 IF Model Rules ( December 2019) Page 5 of 69 • Athletes’ rights as set forth in the Code • Excellence in performance • Character and Education • Fun and joy • Teamwork • Dedication and commitment • Respect for rules and laws • Respect for self and other Participants • Courage • Community and solidarity The spirit of sport is expressed in how we play true.
Doping is fundamentally contrary to the spirit of sport.
To assist with the growth and development of our game worldwide, World Lacrosse constantly strives to become a world -class International Federation that is providing the leadership necessary to support our goals of growth and development .
Given the importance of anti -doping and a level playing field in all sport, anti -doping will continue to be a priority for World Lacrosse an d it needs to be a higher priority for our member -National Governing Bodies to ensure that all Athletes are provided a level playing field every time they step on the field to compete.
World Lacrosse is a full supporter of WADA – the World Anti -Doping Agency and has had a fully functional anti-doping program since 2015 .
World Lacrosse has adopted WADA’s anti-doping policies and procedures for all of its men’s and women’s world championship Events .
This includes the use of the WADA Code , the six International Standards (namely, the List of Prohibited Substances and Methods [Prohibited List ], Testing and Investigations , Laboratories, Therapeutic Use Exemptions, and Protection of Privacy and Personal Information and Compliance ).
World Lacrosse is a member of many independent international sports federations who fully support WADA including , but not limited to, the International Olympic Committee, the Global Association of International Sports Federations, the Alliance of Independent Recognized Members of Sport and the International World Game s Association .
Scope of these Anti -Doping Rules These Anti -Doping Rules shall apply to: (a) World Lacrosse , including its board members, directors, officers and specified employees , and Delegated Third Parties and their employees, who are involved in any aspect of Doping Control ; (b) each of its National and Continental Federations , including their board members, directors, officers and specified employees , and Delegated Third Parties and their employees, who are involved in any aspect of Doping Control ; (c) the following Athletes , Athlete Support Personnel and other Persons : (i) all Athletes and Athlete Support Personnel who are members of World Lacrosse , or of any National Governing Body , or of any member or affiliate organization of any National Governing Body (including any clubs, teams, associations, or leagues) ; (ii) all Athletes and Athlete Supp ort Personnel who participate in such capacity in Events , Competitions and other activities organized, convened, authorized or recognized by World Lacrosse , or any National or Continental Federation , or by any member or affiliate WADA 2021 IF Model Rules ( December 2019) Page 6 of 69 organization of any National Governing Body (including any clubs, teams, associations, or leagues), wherever held; (iii) any other Athlete or Athlete Support Personnel or other Person who, by virtue of an accreditation, a license or other contractual arrangement, or otherwise, is subject to the authority of World Lacrosse , or of any National Governing Body , or of any member or affiliate organization of any National Governing Body (including any clubs, teams, associations, or leagues), for purposes of anti -doping; (iv) Athletes who are n ot regular members of World Lacrosse or of one of its National Governing Bodies but who want to be eligible to compete in a particular International Event .
Each of the abovementioned Persons is deemed, as a condition of his or her participation or involv ement in the sport, to have agreed to and be bound by these Anti -Doping Rules, and to have submitted to the authority of World Lacrosse to enforce these Anti -Doping Rules, including any Consequences for the breach thereof, and to the jurisdiction of the hearing panels specified in Article 8 and Article 13 to hear and determine cases and appeals brought under these Anti -Doping Rules .1 Within the overall pool of Athletes set out above who are bound by and required to comply with these Anti-Doping Rules, the following Athletes shall be considered to be International -Level Athletes for the purpose s of these Anti -Doping Rules, and, therefore, the specific provisions in these Anti -Doping Rules applicable to International -Level Athletes (e.g., Testing , TUEs , whereabouts, and Results Management ) shall apply to such Athletes : (a) Athletes who compete in any Event that is run or sanctioned by World Lacrosse which include the following Events: • World Championships in Men’s, Women’s and U 20’s Field and Box disciplines.
• World Championships Qualifier Events for Men’s, Women’s and U 20’s Field and Box disciplines.
• 6v6 Invitational Tournaments sanctioned and run by World Lacrosse.
(b) Athletes included in the World Lacrosse Registered Testing Pool , Testing Pool and any other pool if established by World Lacrosse; ARTICLE 1 DEFINITION OF DOPING Doping is defined as the occurrence of one or more of the anti -doping rule violations set forth in Article 2.1 through Article 2.1 1 of these Anti -Doping Rules.
1 [Comment: Where the Code requires a Person other than an Athlete or Athlete Support Person to be bound by the Code, such Person would of course not be subject to Sample collection or Testing, and would not be charged with an anti -doping rule violation under the Code for Use or Possession of a Prohibited Substanc e or Prohibited Method.
Rather, such Person would only be subject to discipline for a violation of Code Articles 2.5 (Tampering), 2.7 (Trafficking), 2.8 (Administration), 2.9 (Complicity), 2.
10 (Prohibited Association) and 2.11 (Retaliation).
Furthermore, such Person would be subject to the additional roles and responsibilities according to Code Article 21.3.
Also, the obligation to require an employee to be bound by the Code is subje ct to applicable law.
World Lacrosse shall ensure that, as per Article 23 of these Anti -Doping Rules, any arrangements with their board members, directors, officers, and specified employees , as well as with the Delegated Third Parties and their employees – either employment, contractual or otherwise – have explicit provisions i ncorporated according to which such Persons are bound by, agree to comply with these Anti -Doping Rules, and agree on the World Lacrosse ’s authority to solve anti -doping cases.]
WADA 2021 IF Model Rules ( December 2019) Page 7 of 69 ARTICLE 2 ANTI -DOPING RULE VIOLATIONS The purpose of Article 2 is to specify the circumstances and conduct which constitute anti -doping rule violations.
Hearings in doping cases will proceed based on the assertion that one or more of these specific rules have been violated.
Athletes or other Persons shall be responsible for knowing what constitutes an anti -doping rule violation and the substances and methods which have been included on the Prohibited List .
The following constitute anti -doping rule violations: 2.1 Presence of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers in an Athlete’s Sample 2.1.1 It is the Athletes’ personal duty to ensure that no Prohibited Substance enters their bodies.
Athletes are responsible for any Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers found to be presen t in their Samples .
Accordingly, it is not necessary that intent, Fault , Negligence or knowing Use on the Athlete’s part be demonstrated in order to establish an anti -doping rule violation under Article 2.1.
2 2.1.2 Sufficient proof of an anti -doping rule violation under Article 2.1 is established by any of the following: presence of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers in the Athlete’s A Sample where the Athlete waives analysis of the B Sample and the B Sample is not analyzed; or, where the Athlete’s B Sample is analyzed and the analysis of the Athlete’s B Sample confirms the presence of the Prohibit ed Substance or its Metabolites or Markers found in the Athlete’s A Sample ; or where the Athlete’s A or B Sample is split into two (2) parts and the analysis of the confirmation part of the split Sample confirms the presence of the Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers found in the first part of the split Sample or the Athlete waives analysis of the confirmation part of the split Sample .3 2.1.3 Excepting those substances for which a Decision Limit is specifically identified in the Prohibited List or a Technical Document , the presence of any reported quantity of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers in an Athlete’s Sample shall constitute an anti -doping rule violation.
2.1.4 As an exception to the general rule of Article 2.1, the Prohibited List , International Standards or Technical Documents may establish special criteria for reporting or the evaluation of certain Prohibited Substances .
2 [Comment to Article 2.1.1: An anti -doping rule violation is committed under this Article without regard to an Athlete’s Fault.
This rule has been referred to in various CAS decisions as “Strict Liability”.
An Athlete’s Fault is taken into consideration in d etermining the Consequence s of this anti -doping rule violation under Article 10.
This principle has consistently been upheld by CAS.]
3 [Comment to Article 2.1.2: The Anti -Doping Organization with Results Management responsibility may, at its discretion, choose to have the B Samp le analyzed even if the Athlete does not request the analysis of the B Sample.]
WADA 2021 IF Model Rules ( December 2019) Page 8 of 69 2.2 Use or Attempted Use by an Athlete of a Prohibited Substance or a Prohibited Method 4 2.2.1 It is the Athletes’ personal duty to ensure that no Prohibited Substance enters their bodies and that no Prohibited Method is Used .
Accordingly, it is not necessary that intent, Fault , Negligence or knowing Use on the Athlete’s part be demonstrated in order to establish an anti -doping rule violation for Use of a Prohibited Substance or a Prohibited Method .
2.2.2 The success or failure of the Use or Attempted Use of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method is not material.
It is sufficient that the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method was Used or Attempted to be Used for an anti -doping rule violation to be committed.5 2.3 Evading, Refusing or Failing to Submit to Sample Collection by an Athlete Evading Sample collection; or refusing or failing to submit to Sample collection without compelling justification after notification by a duly authorized Person .6 2.4 Whereabouts Failures by an Athlete Any combination of three (3) missed tests and/or filing failures , as defined in the International Standard for Results Management , within a twelve (12) month period by an Athlete in a Registered Testing Pool.
2.5 Tampering or Attempted Tampering with any part of Doping Control by an Athlete or Other Person 2.6 Possession of a Prohibited Substance or a Prohibited Method by an Athlete or Athlete Support Person 2.6.1 Possession by an Athlete In-Competition of any Prohibited Substance or any Prohibited Method , or Possession by an Athlete Out -of-Competition of any Prohibited Substance or any Prohibited Method which is prohibited Out-of- 4 [Comment to Article 2.2: It has always been the case that Use or Attempted Use of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method may be established by any reliable means.
As n oted in the Comment to Article 3.2, unlike the proof required to establish an anti -doping rule violation under Article 2.1, Use or Attempted Use may also be established by other reliable means such as admissions by the Athlete, witness statements, document ary evidence, conclusions drawn from longitudinal profiling, including data collected as part of the Athlete Biological Passport, or other analytical information which does not otherwise satisfy all the requirem ents to establish “Presence” of a Prohibited Substance under Article 2.1.
For example, Use may be established based upon reliable analytical data from the analysis of an A Sample (without confirmatio n from an analysis of a B Sample) or from the analysis of a B Sample alone where the Anti -Doping Org anization provides a satisfactory explanation for the lack of confirmation in the other Sample.]
5 [Comment to Article 2.2.2: Demonstrating the "Attempted Use" of a Prohibited Substance or a Prohibited Method requires proof of intent on the Athlete’s part.
The fact that intent may be required to prove this particular anti -doping rule violation does not undermine the Strict Liability principle established for violations of Article 2.1 and violations of Article 2.2 in respect of Use of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method.
An Athlete’s Use of a Prohibited Substance constitutes an anti -doping rule violation unless such Substance is not prohibited Out -of-Competition and the Athlete’s Use takes place Out -of-Competition.
(However, the presence of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers in a Sample collected In -Competition is a violation of Article 2.1 regardless of when that Substance might have been administered.)]
6 [Comment to Article 2.3: Error!
Main Document Only.
For example, it would be an anti -doping rule violation of “evading Sample collection” if it were established that an Athlete was deliberately avoiding a Doping Control official to evade notification or Testing.
A violation of “failing to submit to Sample collection” may be based on either intentional or negligent conduct of the Athlete, while “evading” or “refusing” Sample collection contemplates intentional conduct by the Athlete.]
WADA 2021 IF Model Rules ( December 2019) Page 9 of 69 Competition unless the Athlete establishes that the Possession is consistent with a Therapeutic Use Exemption (“TUE”) granted in accordance with Art icle 4.4 or other acceptable justification.
2.6.2 Possession by an Athlete Support Person In -Competition of any Prohibited Substance or any Prohibited Method , or Possession by an Athlete Support Person Out-of-Competition of any Prohibited Substance or any Prohibited Method which is prohibited Out-of-Competition in connection with an Athlete , Competition or training, unless the Athlete Support Person establishes that the Possession is consistent with a TUE granted to an Athlete in accordance with Article 4.4 or other acceptable justification.
7 2.7 Trafficking or Attempted Trafficking in any Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method by an Athlete or Other Person 2.8 Administration or Attempt ed Administration by an Athlete or Other Person to any Athlete In -Competition of any Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method , or Administration or Attempted Administration to any Athlete Out -of-Competition of any Prohibited Substance or any Prohibited Method that is Prohibited Out-of-Competition 2.9 Complicity or Attempted Complicity by an Athlete or Other Person Assisting, encouraging, aiding, abetting, conspiring, covering up or any other type of intentional complicity or Attempted complicity involving an anti -doping rule violation, Attempted anti-doping rule violation or violation of Article 10.14.1 by another Person .8 2.10 Prohibited Association by an Athlete or Other Person 2.10.1 Association by an Athlete or other Person subject to the authority of an Anti-Doping Organization in a professional or sport -related capacity with any Athlete Support Person who: 2.10.1.1 If subject to the authority of an Anti-Doping Organization , is serving a period of Ineligibility ; or 2.10.1.2 If not subject to the authority of an Anti-Doping Organization and where Ineligibility has not been addressed in a Results Management process pursuant to the Code , has been convicted or found in a criminal, disciplinary or professional proceeding to have engaged in conduct which would have constituted a violation of anti -doping rules if Code -compliant rules had been applicable to such Person.
The disqualifying status of such Person shall be in force for the longer of six (6) years from the criminal, professional or disciplinary decision or the duration of the criminal, disciplinary or professional sanction imposed; or 7 [Comment to Articles 2.6.1 and 2.6.2: Acceptable j ustification would not include, for example, buying or Possessing a Prohibited Substance for purposes of giving it to a friend or relative, except under justifiable medical circumstances where that Person had a physician’s prescription, e.g., buying Insuli n for a diabetic child.]
[Comment to Article 2.6.1 and 2.6.2: Acceptable justification may include, for example, (a) an Athlete or a team doctor carry ing Prohibited Substances or Prohibited Methods for dealing with acute and emergency situations (e.g., an epinephrine auto -injector), or (b) an Athlete Possessing a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method for therapeutic reasons shortly prior to applying fo r and receiving a determination on a TUE.]
8 [Comment to Article 2.9: Complicity or Attempted Complicity may include either physical or psychological assistance.]
WADA 2021 IF Model Rules ( December 2019) Page 10 of 69 2.10.1.3 Is serving as a front or intermediary for an individual described in Article 2.10.1.1 or 2.10.1.2.
2.10.2 To establish a violation of Article 2.10, an Anti-Doping Organization must establish that the Athlete or other Person knew of the Athlete Support Person’ s disqualifying status.
The burden shall be on the Athlete or other Person to establish that any association with an Athlete Support Person described in Article 2.10.1.1 or 2.10.1.2 is not in a professional or sport -related capacity and/or that such association could not have been reasonably avoided.