Confidentiality5.1  IBU Officials must not disclose to any third party (whether for personal gain or otherwise) any infor -mation disclosed to them or otherwise learned by them in confidence in their capacity as IBU Officials or otherwise as a result of their IBU activities, unless (a) such disclosure is required by law; or (b) the IBU agrees to such disclosure in writing; or (c) that information is already in the public domain (other than by reason of the IBU Official’s violation of this Article).5.2  IBU Officials remain bound by this Article 5 even once they are no longer IBU Officials.6.