“Anti-doping rule violation” in spor t means one or more of the following: (a) the presence of a prohibited substance or its metabolites or markers in an athlete’s bodily specimen; (b) use or attempted use of a prohibi ted substance or a prohibited method; – 3 – (c) refusing, or failing without compelling justification, to submit to sample collection after notification as authorized in applicab le anti-doping rules or otherwise evading sa mple collection; (d) violation of applicable requirements regarding athlete availability for out-of-competition testing, including failure to provide required whereabouts information and missed tests which are declar ed based on reasonable rules; (e) tampering, or attempting to tamper , with any part of doping control; (f) possession of prohibited substances or methods; (g) trafficking in any prohibited substance or prohibited method; (h) administration or attempted administrati on of a prohibited substance or prohibited method to any athlete, or assisting, enc ouraging, aiding, abetting, covering up or any other type of complicity involving an anti-doping rule violation or any attempted violation.