Fundamental Rationale for the Code  and these Anti -Doping Rules  ................................ ................................ .............  5 C. Scope of these Anti -Doping Rules  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............................  6 D. International Level Rider s ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............  7 E. Documents Adopted by the UCI in Connection with these Anti -Doping Rules  ................................ ..............................  7  DEFINITION OF DOPING  ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................  8  ANTI -DOPING RULE VIOLATIONS  ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 8  Presence of a Prohibited Substance  or its Metabolites  or Markers  in a Rider’s  Sample  ................................ ...............  8  Use or Attempted Use  by a Rider  of a Prohibited Substance  or a Prohibited Method  ................................ ...................  8  Evading, Refusing  or Failing to Submit to Sample  Collection by a Rider  ................................ ................................ ...... 9  Whereabouts Failures by a Rider  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................  9  Tampering  or Attempted Tampering  with any part of Doping Control  by a Rider  or Other Person  ................................  9  Possession  of a Prohibited Substance  or a Prohibited Method  by a Rider  or Rider Support Person  ............................  9  Trafficking  or Attempted Trafficking  in any Prohibited Substance  or Prohibited Method by a Rider  or Other Person  .. 10  Administration  or Attempt ed Administration by a Rider  or Other Person  to any Rider In -Competition  of any Prohibited Substance  or Prohibited Method , or Administration  or Attempted Administration  to any Rider Out -of-Competition  of any Prohibited Substance  or any Prohibited Method  that is Prohibited  Out-of-Competition  ................................ ..........................  10  Complicity or Attempted  Complicity  by a Rider  or Other Person  ................................ ................................ ................  10  Prohibited Association by a Rider  or Other Person  ................................ ................................ ...............................  10  Acts by a Rider  or Other Person  to Discourage or Retaliate Against Reporting to Authorities  ...............................  11  PROOF OF DOPING  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........................  12  Burdens and Standards of Proof ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................  12  Methods of Establishing Facts and Presumptions  ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 12  PROHIBITED LIST  AND THERAPEUTIC USE EXEMPTIONS ................................ .............................  14  Incorporation of the Prohibited List  ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................  14  Prohibited Substances  and Prohibited Methods  Identified on the Prohibited List  ................................ .......................  14  WADA’s  Determination of the Prohibited List  ................................ ................................ ................................ .............  15  Therapeutic Use Exemptions  (“TUEs”)  ................................ ................................ ................................ ......................  15  Monitoring Program  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................  18  TESTING AND INVESTIGATIONS  ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 19  Purpose of Testing  and Investigations  ................................ ................................ ................................ .......................  19  Authority to Test  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................  19  Event Testing  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................  19  Testing  Requirements  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...............  20  Rider Whereabouts Information  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .