         World Triathlon  Anti-Doping Rules            In force as of January 1, 2021World Triathlon Anti -Doping Rules 2021  2  TABLE OF CONTENTS  INTRODUCTION  ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...........  3 PREFACE ............................................................................................................................. .................................................................. 3  FUNDAMENTAL  RATIONALE  FOR THE CODE AND  WORLD TRIATHLON 'S ANTI-DOPING  RULES  .............. ......................... .3  SCOPE OF THESE  ANTI-DOPING  RULES ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ............  4 ARTICLE  1 DEFINITION  OF DOPING  ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 6 ARTICLE  2 ANTI -DOPING  RULE VIOLATIONS  ................................ ................................ ....................  6 ARTICLE  3 PROOF  OF DOPING ................................ ................................ ................................ ............  9 ARTICLE  4 THE PROHIBITED  LIST ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 11 ARTICLE  5 TESTING AND  INVESTIGATIONS  ................................ ................................ ....................  17 ARTICLE  6 ANALYSIS  OF SAMPLES  ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 21 ARTICLE  7 RESULTS  MANAGEMENT : RESPONSIBILITY, INITIAL REVIEW, NOTICE AND PROVISIONAL SUSPENSIONS  ................................ ................................ .........................  23 ARTICLE  8 RESULT S MANAGEME NT: RIGHT TO A FAIR HEARING AND NOTICE OF HEARING DECISION  ................................ ................................ ................................ ..........................  27 ARTICLE  9 AUTOMATIC DISQUALIFICATION OF INDIVIDUAL RESULTS  ................................ ....... 29 ARTICLE  10 SANCTIONS  ON INDIVIDUALS  ................................ ................................ .......................  29 ARTICLE  11 CONSEQUENCES  TO TEAMS  ................................ ................................ ............................  41 ARTICLE  12 SANCTIONS BY WORLD TRIATHLON  AGAINST  OTHER SPORTING  BODIES  ..............  42 ARTICLE  13 RESUL TS MANAGEMENT: Appeals ................................ ................................ .................  43 ARTICLE  14 CONFIDENTIALITY  AND  REPORTING  ................................ ................................ ............  47 ARTICLE  15 IMPLEMENTATION OF DECISIONS  ................................ ................................ ................  51 ARTICLE  16 STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS  ................................ ................................ .............................  52 ARTICLE  17 EDUCATION  ................................ ................................ ................................ .....................  53 ARTICLE  18 ADDITIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF NATIONAL FEDERATIONS  ............  53 ARTICLE  19 ADDITIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITES OF WORLD TRIATHLON  .......................  55 ARTICLE  20 ADDITIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITES OF ATHLETES  ................................ ........  55 ARTICLE  21 ADDITIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITES OF ATHLETE SUPPORT PERSONNEL  ... 56 ARTICLE  22 ADDITIONAL ROLES A ND RESPONSIBILITIES OF OTHER  PERSONS  SUBJECT TO THESE RULES …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….