15		[Comment to Article 3.2.3: Departures from an International Standard or other rule unrelated to Sample collection or handling, Adverse Passport Finding, or Athlete notification relating to whereabouts failure or B Sample opening – e.g., the International   IRF 2021 Anti-Doping Rules Page 12 of 68    Athlete or other Person establishes that a departure from one of the specific International Standard provisions listed below could reasonably have caused an anti-doping rule violation based on an Adverse Analytical Finding or whereabouts failure, then IRF shall have the burden to establish that such departure did not cause the Adverse Analytical Finding or the whereabouts failure:  (i)  a departure from the International Standard for Testing and Investigations related to Sample collection or Sample handling which could reasonably have caused an anti-doping rule violation based on an Adverse Analytical Finding, in which case IRF shall have the burden to establish that such departure did not cause the Adverse Analytical Finding;  (ii)  a departure from the International Standard for Results Management or International Standard for Testing and Investigations related to an Adverse Passport Finding which could reasonably have caused an anti-doping rule violation, in which case IRF shall have the burden to establish that such departure did not cause the anti-doping rule violation;   (iii)  a departure from the International Standard for Results Management related to the requirement to provide notice to the Athlete of the B Sample opening which could reasonably have caused an anti-doping rule violation based on an Adverse Analytical Finding, in which case IRF shall have the burden to establish that such departure did not cause the Adverse Analytical Finding;16  (iv) a departure from the International Standard for Results Management related to Athlete notification which could reasonably have caused an anti-doping rule violation based on a whereabouts failure, in which case IRF shall have the burden to establish that such departure did not cause the whereabouts failure.