An Anti-Doping Organization  has discretion to apply anti -doping rules to an Athlet e who is neither an International -Level Athlete nor a National -Level Athlete, and thus to bring them within the definition of “ Athlete.” […] [Comment to Athlete: Individuals who participate in sport may fall in one of five categories:  1) International -Level Athlete, 2) National -Level Athlete, 3) individuals who are not International - or National -Level Athletes but over whom the International Federation or National Anti -Doping Organization has chosen to exercise authority, 4) Recreational Athlete, and 5) individuals over whom no International Federation or National Anti -Doping Organization has, or has chosen to, exercise authority.