     IOF Anti -Doping Rules  Valid from 1.1.2021     IOF Anti-Doping Rules  Page 2 of 66   TABLE OF CONTENTS   INTRODUCTION  ........................................................................................................................................... 3 ARTICLE 1  DEFINITION OF DOPING  .................................................................................................. 6 ARTICLE 2  ANTI -DOPING RULE VIOLATIONS  .................................................................................. 6 ARTICLE 3  PROOF OF DOPING  ........................................................................................................ 10 ARTICLE 4  THE PROHIBITED LIST  ................................................................................................... 12 ARTICLE 5  TESTING AND INVESTIGATIONS  .................................................................................. 17 ARTICLE 6  ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES  ............................................................................................... 21 ARTICLE 7  RESULTS MANAGEMENT: RESPONSIBILITY, INITIAL REVIEW, NOTICE AND PROVISIONAL SUSPENSIONS  ...................................................................................... 24 ARTICLE 8  RESULTS MANAGEMENT : RIGHT TO A FAIR HEARING AND NOTI CE OF HEARING DECISION  ......................................................................................................................... 27 ARTICLE 9  AUTOMATIC DISQUALIFICATION OF INDIVIDUAL RESULTS  ................................... 29 ARTICLE 10  SANCTIONS ON INDIVIDUALS  ...................................................................................... 30 ARTICLE 11  CONSEQUENCES TO TEAMS  ........................................................................................ 42 ARTICLE 12  SANCTIONS BY THE IOF  AGAINST OTHER SPORTING BODIES  .............................. 43 ARTICLE 13  RESULTS MANAGEMENT: APPEALS  .......................................................................... 44 ARTICLE 14  CONFIDENTIALITY AND REPORTING  .......................................................................... 48 ARTICLE 15  IMPLEMENTATION OF DECISIONS  ............................................................................... 51 ARTICLE 16  STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS  ........................................................................................... 53 ARTICLE 17  EDUCATION  ..................................................................................................................... 53 ARTICLE 18  ADDITIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF NATIONAL FEDERATIONS  ...... 53 ARTICLE 19  ADDITIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF  THE IOF ...................................... 54 ARTICLE 20  ADDITIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF ATHLETES  .................................  55 ARTICLE 21  ADDITIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF ATHLETE  SUPPORT PERSONNEL  .................................................................................................................... 55 ARTICLE 22  ADDITIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF OTHER PERSONS  SUBJECT TO THESE ANTI -DOPING RULES  ........................................................................................ 56 ARTICLE 23  INTERPRETATION OF THE CODE  ................................................................................. 56 ARTICLE 24  FINAL PROVISIONS  ........................................................................................................ 57 APPENDIX 1  DEFINITIONS  ................................................................................................................... 59   IOF Anti-Doping Rules  Page 3 of 66    INTERNATIONAL ORIENTEERING FEDERATION ANTI -DOPING RULES  INTRODUCTION  Prefac e  These Anti -Doping Rules are adopted and implemented in accordance with the IOF’s responsibilities under the Code, and in furtherance of the IOF's continuing efforts to eradicate doping in sport.