The revised 2015 World Anti-Doping Code is effective as of 1 January 2015.Published by:World Anti-Doping AgencyStock Exchange Tower800 Place Victoria (Suite 1700)PO Box 120Montreal, QuebecCanada H4Z 1B7URL: www.wada-ama.orgTel: +1 514 904 9232Fax: +1 514 904 8650E-mail: code@wada-ama.orgTable of ContentsPURPOSE, SCOPE AND ORGANIZATION OF  THE WORLD ANTI-DOPING PROGRAM AND THE CODE ........................... 11  THE Code   ............................................................................. 11  THE WORLD  ANTi-DOPiNg PROgRAM   .............................. 12  InternatIonal StandardS ............................................... 12  MODELS  OF BEST PRACTiCE AND  gUiDELiNES  ............... 13FUNDAMENTAL RATIONALE FOR  THE WORLD ANTI-DOPING CODE ........................................................... 14PART ONE  DOPING CONTROL INTRODUCTION  ....................................................................................... 16ARTICLE 1  DEFINITION OF DOPING ....................................................... 18ARTICLE 2  ANTI-DOPING RULE VIOLATIONS ......................................... 18 2.1  PRESENCE  OF A ProhIbIted SubStanCe  OR iTS MetabolIteS OR MarkerS iN  AN athlete’S SaMPle ......................................................... 18 2.2  uSe OR atteMPted uSe By AN athlete   OF A ProhIbIted SubStanCe  OR A ProhIbIted Method  .................................................. 20 2.3  EVADiNg, REFUSiNg OR FAiLiNg TO SUBMiT  TO SaMPle COLLECTiON ..................................................... 21 2.4  WHEREABOUTS  FAiLURES  .................................................. 21 2.5  taMPerIng OR atteMPted taMPerIng  WiTH ANy PART  OF doPIng Control ...............................21 2.6  PoSSeSSIon OF A ProhIbIted SubStanCe  OR A ProhIbIted Method  .................................................. 22 2.7  traffICkIng OR atteMPted traffICkIng  iN ANy ProhIbIted SubStanCe OR  ProhIbIted Method ............................................................22 2.8   a d MI n IStra t I on OR atte MP ted  a d MI n IStra t I on  TO ANy athlete  In-CoMPetItIon OF ANy  ProhIbIted SubStanCe OR ProhIbIted Method,  OR adMInIStratIon OR atteMPted adMInIStratIon TO ANy athlete out-of-CoMPetItIon OF ANy  ProhIbIted SubStanCe OR ANy ProhIbIted  Method  THAT iS PROHiBiTED out-of-CoMPetItIon ......23 2.9  COMPLiCiTy...........................................................................23 2.10 PROHiBiTED ASSOCiATiON..................................................23ARTICLE 3   PROOF OF DOPING ............................................................ 25 3.1 BURDENS  AND  STANDARDS  OF PROOF  ............................ 25 3.2 METHODS  OF ESTABLiSHiNg FACTS AND     PRESUMPTiONS  ................................................................... 25ARTICLE 4  THE PROHIBITED LIST ........................................................ 28 4.1 PUBLiCATiON AND  REViSiON OF    THE  ProhIbIted lISt ........................................................... 28 4.2 ProhIbIted SubStanCeS AND ProhIbIted    MethodS iDENTiFiED ON THE ProhIbIted lISt.