Published by:World Anti-Doping AgencyStock Exchange Tower800 Place Victoria (Suite 1700)PO Box 120Montreal, Quebec,Canada H4Z 1B7URL: www.wada-ama.orgTel: +1 514 904 9232Fax: +1 514 904 8650E-mail: code@wada-ama.orgPURPOSE, SCOPE AND ORGANIZATION OFTHE WORLD ANTI-DOPING PROGRAM AND THE CODE ....................................11THE CODE ...............................................................................11THE WORLD ANTI-DOPING PROGRAM.................................12INTERNATIONAL STANDARD S..............................................12MODELS OF BEST PRACTICE AND GUIDELINES .................13FUNDAMENTAL RATIONALE FOR THE WORLD ANTI-DOPING CODE ..............14PART ONE ::  DOPING CONTROLINTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................16ARTICLE 1:     DEFINITION OF DOPING.................................................................18ARTICLE 2:     ANTI-DOPING RULE VIOLATIONS.................................................182.1 PRESENCE OF A PROHIBITED SUBSTANCE OR ITSMETABOLITE S OR MARKER S IN AN ATHLETE ’S SAMPLE ........192.2 USE OR ATTEMPT ED USE BY AN ATHLETE OF APROHIBITED SUBSTANCE OR A PROHIBITED METHOD ...........212.3 REFUSING OR FAILING WITHOUT COMPELLINGJUSTIFICATION TO SUBMIT TO SAMPLE COLLECTION.............222.4 VIOLATION OF APPLICABLE REQUIREMENTSREGARDING ATHLETE AVAILABILITY FOROUT-OF-COMPETITION TESTING .................................................232.5 TAMPERING ORATTEMPT ED TAMPERINGWITH ANY PART OF DOPING CONTROL .......................................232.6 POSSESSION OF PROHIBITED SUBSTANCE SAND PROHIBITED METHOD S........................................................242.7 TRAFFICKING OR ATTEMPT EDTRAFFICKING IN ANYPROHIBITED SUBSTANCE ORPROHIBITED METHOD ..............252.8 ADMINISTRATION OR ATTEMPT ED ADMINISTRATIONTO ANY ATHLETE IN-COMPETITION OF ANYPROHIBITED METHOD OR PROHIBITED SUBSTANCE ..............25Table of ContentsARTICLE 3:   PROOF OF DOPING .........................................................................263.1 BURDENS AND STANDARDS OF PROOF..............................263.2 METHODS OF ESTABLISHING FACTS AND PRESUMPTIONS .......26ARTICLE 4:    THE PROHIBITED LIST ....................................................................294.1 PUBLICATION AND REVISION OF THE PROHIBITED LIST ........294.2 PROHIBITED SUBSTANCE S AND PROHIBITEDMETHOD S IDENTIFIED ON THE PROHIBITED LIST ...............304.3 CRITERIA FOR INCLUDING SUBSTANCES AND METHODSON THE PROHIBITED LIST .....................................................324.4 THERAPEUTIC USE ................................................................344.5 MONITORING PROGRAM .......................................................36ARTICLE 5:    TESTING ............................................................................................375.1 TEST DISTRIBUTION PLANNING ..........................................375.2 STANDARDS FOR TESTING ....................................................385.3 RETIRED ATHLETE S RETURNING TO COMPETITION ..........38ARTICLE 6:    ANAL YSIS OF SAMPLES .................................................................396.1 USE OF APPROVED LABORATORIES.....................................396.2 PURPOSE OF COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS OF SAMPLE S ......396.3 RESEARCH ON SAMPLE S......................................................406.4 STANDARDS FOR SAMPLE ANALYSIS AND REPORTING.....406.5 RETESTING SAMPLE S ...........................................................40ARTICLE 7:   RESULTS MANAGEMENT ...............................................................417.1 INITIAL REVIEW REGARDING ADVERSE ANALYTICALFINDING S...............................................................................417.2 NOTIFICATION AFTER INITIAL REVIEW REGARDINGADVERSE ANALYTICAL FINDING S ........................................417.3 REVIEW OF ATYPICAL FINDING S ..........................................427.4 REVIEW OF OTHER ANTI-DOPING RULE VIOLATIONSNOT COVERED BY ARTICLES 7.1–7.3 ....................................447.5 PRINCIPLES APPLICABLE TO PROVISIONAL SUSPENSION S......457.6 RETIREMENT FROM SPORT ..................................................47ARTICLE 8:    RIGHT TO A FAIR HEARING.............................................................488.1 FAIR HEARINGS......................................................................488.2 EVENT HEARINGS ..................................................................498.3 WAIVER OF HEARING.............................................................49ARTICLE 9:   AUTOMATIC DISQUALIFICATION OF INDIVIDUAL RESULTS ......50ARTICLE 10: SANCTIONS ON INDIVIDUALS.......................................................5110.1 DISQUALIFICATION OF RESULTS IN EVENT DURINGWHICH AN ANTI-DOPING RULE VIOLATION OCCURS .........5110.2 INELIGIBILITY FOR PRESENCE, USE OR ATTEMPT EDUSE,OR POSSESSION OF PROHIBITED SUBSTANCE SAND PROHIBITED METHOD S ................................................5210.3 INELIGIBILITY FOR OTHER ANTI-DOPING RULE VIOLATIONS .....5310.4 ELIMINATION OR REDUCTION OF THE PERIOD OFINELIGIBILITY FOR SPECIFIED SUBSTANCESUNDER SPECIFIC CIRCUMSTANCES....................................5410.5 ELIMINATION OR REDUCTION OF PERIOD OF INELIGIBILITYBASED ON EXCEPTIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES ......................5610.6 AGGRAVATING CIRCUMSTANCES WHICH MAY INCREASETHE PERIOD OF INELIGIBILITY .............................................6510.7 MULTIPLE VIOLATIONS..........................................................6610.8DISQUALIFICATION OF RESULTS IN COMPETITION SSUBSEQUENT TO SAMPLE COLLECTION OR COMMISSIONOF AN ANTI-DOPING RULE VIOLATION ...................................7110.9 COMMENCEMENT OF INELIGIBILITY PERIOD .....................7210.10   STATUS DURING INELIGIBILITY .............................................7410.11   REINSTATEMENT TESTING ....................................................7610.12   IMPOSITION OF FINANCIAL SANCTIONS..............................76ARTICLE 11:  CONSEQUENCES TO TEAMS ..........................................................7711.1 TESTING OF TEAM SPORT S...................................................7711.2 CONSEQUENCES FOR TEAM SPORT S..................................7711.3 EVENT RULING BODY MAY ESTABLISH STRICTERCONSEQUENCES FOR TEAM SPORT S..................................77ARTICLE 12:   SANCTIONS AGAINST SPORTING BODIES ..................................78ARTICLE 13:  APPEALS..........................................................................................7813.1 DECISIONS SUBJECT TO APPEAL.........................................7813.2 APPEALS FROM DECISIONS REGARDING ANTI-DOPINGRULE VIOLATIONS, CONSEQUENCES , ANDPROVISIONAL SUSPENSION S...............................................7913.3 FAIL URE TO RENDER A TIMELY DECISION BY ANANTI-DOPING ORGANIZATION ...............................................8213.4 APPEALS FROM DECISIONS GRANTING OR DENYINGA THERAPEUTIC USE EXEMPTION .......................................8313.5 APPEALS FROM DECISIONS UNDER PART THREEAND PART FOUR OF THE CODE ............................................8313.6 APPEALS FROM DECISIONS SUSPENDING ORREVOKING LABORATORY ACCREDITATION...........................84ARTICLE 14:  CONFIDENTIALITY AND REPORTING ............................................8414.1 INFORMATION CONCERNING ADVERSE ANALYTICALFINDING S, ATYPICAL FINDING S, AND OTHERPOTENTIAL ANTI-DOPING RULE VIOLATIONS .....................8414.2 PUBLIC DISCLOSURE ............................................................8614.3ATHLETE WHEREABOUTS INFORMATION............................8714.4 STATISTICAL REPORTING......................................................8814.5DOPING CONTROL INFORMATION CLEARINGHOUSE.........8814.6 DATA PRIVACY.........................................................................89ARTICLE 15:  CLARIFICATION OF DOPING CONTROL RESPONSIBILITIES.......9015.1 EVENT TESTING .....................................................................9015.2 OUT-OF-COMPETITION TESTING ..........................................9115.3 RESULTS MANAGEMENT, HEARINGS AND SANCTIONS.....9215.4 MUTUAL RECOGNITION ........................................................94ARTICLE 16: DOPING CONTROL FOR ANIMALS COMPETING IN SPORT.........95ARTICLE 17:  STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS ..............................................................95PART TWO: EDUCATION AND RESEARCHARTICLE 18:  EDUCATION ......................................................................................9818.1 BASIC PRINCIPLE AND PRIMARY GOAL...............................9818.2 PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES.................................................9818.3 PROFESSIONAL CODES OF CONDUCT...............................10018.4 COORDINATION AND COOPERATION .................................100ARTICLE 19:  RESEARCH .....................................................................................10119.1 PURPOSE AND AIMS OF ANTI-DOPING RESEARCH..........10119.2 TYPES OF RESEARCH ..........................................................10119.3 COORDINATION OF RESEARCH AND SHARING OF RESULTS ......10119.4 RESEARCH PRACTICES .......................................................10219.5 RESEARCH USING PROHIBITED SUBSTANCE SAND PROHIBITED METHOD S...............................................10219.6 MISUSE OF RESULTS...........................................................102PART THREE ::  ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIESARTICLE 20:  ADDITIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES                                      OF SIGNATORIES ...........................................................................10420.1 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OFTHE INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE.....................10420.2 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OFTHE INTERNATIONAL PARALYMPIC COMMITTEE..............10520.3 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OFINTERNATIONAL FEDERATIONS.........................................10620.4 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF NATIONAL OLYMPICCOMMITTEE S AND NATIONAL PARALYMPIC COMMITTEES .......10820.5 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OFNATIONAL ANTI-DOPING ORGANIZATION S.......................11020.6 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OFMAJOR EVENT ORGANIZATIONS .........................................11020.7 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF WADA ........................111ARTICLE 21:  ADDITIONAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF ATHLETE S AND OTHER PERSON S ........................................11221.1 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF ATHLETE S.................11221.2 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OFATHLETE SUPPORT PERSONNEL .......................................113ARTICLE 22:  INVOLVEMENT OF GOVERNMENTS.............................................11322.1 EACH GOVERNMENT WILL TAKE ALL ACTIONSAND MEASURES NECESSARY TO COMPLY WITHTHE UNESCO CONVENTION ................................................11322.2 EACH GOVERNMENT WILL ENCOURAGE ALL OFITS PUBLIC SERVICES OR AGENCIES TO SHAREINFORMATION WITH ANTI-DOPING ORGANIZATIONS.......11322.3 EACH GOVERNMENT WILL RESPECT ARBITRATIONAS THE PREFERRED MEANS OF RESOLVING DOPINGRELATED DISPUTES ............................................................11422.4 ALL OTHER GOVERNMENTAL INVOLVEMENTWITH ANTI-DOPING WILL BE BROUGHT INTOHARMONY WITH THE CODE .....................................................11422.5 GOVERNMENTS SHOULD MEET THE EXPECTATIONSOF THIS ARTICLE BY JANUARY 1, 2010 .............................11422.6 FAILURE BY A GOVERNMENT TO RATIFY, ACCEPT,APPROVE OR ACCEDE TO THE UNESCO CONVENTIONBY JANUARY 1, 2010 ...........................................................114PART FOUR ::  ACCEPTANCE, COMPLIANCE,   MODIFICATION AND INTERPRETATIONARTICLE 23:  ACCEPTANCE, COMPLIANCE AND MODIFICATION....................11623.1 ACCEPTANCE OF THE CODE ...............................................11623.2 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CODE .......................................11723.3 COMPLIANCE WITH THE CODE ...........................................11823.4 MONITORING COMPLIANCE WITH THE CODEAND UNESCO CONVENTION ...............................................11823.5 ADDITIONAL CONSEQUENCES OFA SIGNATORY ’S NONCOMPLIANCE WITH THE CODE ........12023.6 MODIFICATION OF THE CODE .............................................12123.7 WITHDRAWAL OF ACCEPTANCE OF THE CODE .................121ARTICLE 24:  INTERPRETATION OF THE CODE ..................................................122ARTICLE 25:  TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS .......................................................12325.1 GENERAL APPLICATION OF THE 2009 CODE ....................12325.2 NON-RETROACTIVE UNLESS PRINCIPLEOF “LEX MITIOR” APPLIES...................................................12325.3 APPLICATION TO DECISIONS RENDEREDPRIOR TO THE 2009 CODE ..................................................12325.4 APPLICATION TO SPECIFIC PRE- CODE VIOLATIONS.........12425.5 ADDITIONAL CODE AMENDMENTS ....................................124APPENDIX 1DEFINITIONS.........................................................................................................12611 World Anti-Doping Code •2009[Comment: The Olympic Charter inforce as from July 7, 2007, and theUNESCO Convention adopted in Parison October 19, 2005, both recognizethe prevention of and the fight againstdoping in sport as a critical partof the mission of the InternationalOlympic Committee and UNESCOand also recognize the fundamentalrole of the Code.