Thus, once the Athlete or other Person establishes the departure by a balance of probability, the Athlete or other Person’s burden on causation is the somewhat lower standard of proof – “could reasonably have caused.” If the Athlete or other Person satisfies these standards,   WBSC 2021 Anti-Doping Rules Page 11 of 68     3.2.3  Departures from any other International Standard or other anti-doping rule or policy set forth in the Code or these Anti-Doping Rules shall not invalidate analytical results or other evidence of an anti-doping rule violation, and shall not constitute a defense to an anti-doping rule violation;15 provided, however, if the Athlete or other Person establishes that a departure from one of the specific International Standard provisions listed below could reasonably have caused an anti-doping rule violation based on an Adverse Analytical Finding or whereabouts failure, then WBSC shall have the burden to establish that such departure did not cause the Adverse Analytical Finding or the whereabouts failure:  (i)  a departure from the International Standard for Testing and Investigations related to Sample collection or Sample handling which could reasonably have caused an anti-doping rule violation based on an Adverse Analytical Finding, in which case WBSC shall have the burden to establish that such departure did not cause the Adverse Analytical Finding;  (ii)  a departure from the International Standard for Results Management or International Standard for Testing and Investigations related to an Adverse Passport Finding which could reasonably have caused an anti-doping rule violation, in which case WBSC shall have the burden to establish that such departure did not cause the anti-doping rule violation;   (iii)  a departure from the International Standard for Results Management related to the requirement to provide notice to the Athlete of the B Sample opening which could reasonably have caused an anti-doping rule violation based on an Adverse Analytical Finding, in which case WBSC shall have the burden to establish that such departure did not cause the Adverse Analytical Finding;16  (iv) a departure from the International Standard for Results Management related to Athlete notification which could reasonably have caused an anti-doping rule violation based on a whereabouts failure, in which case WBSC shall have the burden to establish that such departure did not cause the whereabouts failure.