ISTI – Effective 1 January 2023  Page 18 of 92 PART TWO: STANDARDS  FOR TESTING  4.0 Planning Effective Testing  4.1 Objective  4.1.1 Each  Anti-Doping Organization is required to plan and implement intelligent Testing on Athletes over whom it has authority which is proportionate to the risk of doping, and that is effective to detect and to deter such practices.