During the Elizabethan era, many different crimes were performed and as a result of the crimes, the people had to be punished. There were many different types of punishments; depending on the intensity of the crime a certain punishment would be given. A minor punishment given to a criminal who was responsible for fornication and incest was called ‘carting’. This involved the criminal riding backward on a horse or being carried through the city in a horse-drawn cart, with a banner around their neck that described their offense and the citizens saw the criminal in the streets and shouted at them. (Picard, L 2016)
Value
Horses' role in the punishing of criminals during the Elizabethan era. How horses fulfilled another duty in a completely different field, assisting to deface criminals in the city.
Reliability
This source is trustworthy as Liza Picard is a well-known and registered historian researcher and writer. Her main focus was on the history of London, she has written many novels based on London's history.
Validity
The findings in this source help further the investigation and provide another aspect of which horses were used during the Elizabethan Era provided by an author who is a historian and has focused her profession around London history.
Limitations
This source only addresses one role horses fulfilled during the Elizabethan era, one of which was a negative job for the horse. This source has only provided me with information about the different types of punishments performed and not all of them included horses.