the effective temperature of the outer envelope is 4,070 k; cool enough to give it an orange hue typical of a k-type star. as cook turned his back to help launch the boats, he was struck on the head by the villagers and then stabbed to death as he fell on his face in the surf. by his own account, he was unable to persuade the skipper of the pilot vessel to put to sea as one of the worst storms in many years had been raging. she spent the next 38 years as the symphony's concert master. 