in order to attack a push, a player must usually loop (if the push is long) or flip (if the push is short) the ball back over the net. crowds have been studied as a scientific interest since the end of the 19th century. thus, a pitcher that has been removed from the game and replaced by a relief pitcher cannot return to pitch later in the game, and any batter who is replaced by a pinch-hitter cannot take the field in the following inning (or even bat again if his turn comes up again in the same inning). 