'Creates a new item, or replaces an old item with a new item.
If an item that has the same primary key as the new item
already exists in the specified table, the new item completely
replaces the existing item. You can perform a conditional put
operation (add a new item if one with the specified primary
key doesn\'t exist), or replace an existing item if it has
certain attribute values.
In addition to putting an item, you can also return the item\'s
attribute values in the same operation, using the ReturnValues
parameter.
When you add an item, the primary key attribute(s) are the
only required attributes. Attribute values cannot be null.
String and Binary type attributes must have lengths greater
than zero. Set type attributes cannot be empty. Requests with
empty values will be rejected with a ValidationException
exception.
You can request that PutItem return either a copy of the
original item (before the update) or a copy of the updated
item (after the update). For more information, see the
ReturnValues description below.
To prevent a new item from replacing an existing item, use a
conditional put operation with ComparisonOperator set to
`NULL` for the primary key attribute, or attributes.
For more information about using this API, see `Working with
Items`_ in the Amazon DynamoDB Developer Guide .
:type table_name: string
:param table_name: The name of the table to contain the item.
:type item: map
:param item: A map of attribute name/value pairs, one for each
attribute. Only the primary key attributes are required; you can
optionally provide other attribute name-value pairs for the item.
You must provide all of the attributes for the primary key. For
example, with a hash type primary key, you only need to specify the
hash attribute. For a hash-and-range type primary key, you must
specify both the hash attribute and the range attribute.
If you specify any attributes that are part of an index key, then the
data types for those attributes must match those of the schema in
the table\'s attribute definition.
For more information about primary keys, see `Primary Key`_ in the
Amazon DynamoDB Developer Guide .
Each element in the Item map is an AttributeValue object.
:type expected: map
:param expected:
There is a newer parameter available. Use ConditionExpression instead.
Note that if you use Expected and ConditionExpression at the same
time, DynamoDB will return a ValidationException exception.
This parameter does not support lists or maps.
A map of attribute/condition pairs. Expected provides a conditional
block for the PutItem operation.
Each element of Expected consists of an attribute name, a comparison
operator, and one or more values. DynamoDB compares the attribute
with the value(s) you supplied, using the comparison operator. For
each Expected element, the result of the evaluation is either true
or false.
If you specify more than one element in the Expected map, then by
default all of the conditions must evaluate to true. In other
words, the conditions are ANDed together. (You can use the
ConditionalOperator parameter to OR the conditions instead. If you
do this, then at least one of the conditions must evaluate to true,
rather than all of them.)
If the Expected map evaluates to true, then the conditional operation
succeeds; otherwise, it fails.
Expected contains the following:
+ AttributeValueList - One or more values to evaluate against the
supplied attribute. The number of values in the list depends on the
ComparisonOperator being used. For type Number, value comparisons
are numeric. String value comparisons for greater than, equals, or
less than are based on ASCII character code values. For example,
`a` is greater than `A`, and `a` is greater than `B`. For a list of
code values, see
`http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII#ASCII_printable_characters`_.
For type Binary, DynamoDB treats each byte of the binary data as
unsigned when it compares binary values, for example when
evaluating query expressions.
+ ComparisonOperator - A comparator for evaluating attributes in the
AttributeValueList . When performing the comparison, DynamoDB uses
strongly consistent reads. The following comparison operators are
available: `EQ | NE | LE | LT | GE | GT | NOT_NULL | NULL |
CONTAINS | NOT_CONTAINS | BEGINS_WITH | IN | BETWEEN` The following
are descriptions of each comparison operator.
+ `EQ` : Equal. `EQ` is supported for all datatypes, including lists
and maps. AttributeValueList can contain only one AttributeValue
element of type String, Number, Binary, String Set, Number Set, or
Binary Set. If an item contains an AttributeValue element of a
different type than the one specified in the request, the value
does not match. For example, `{"S":"6"}` does not equal
`{"N":"6"}`. Also, `{"N":"6"}` does not equal `{"NS":["6", "2",
"1"]}`. > <li>
+ `NE` : Not equal. `NE` is supported for all datatypes, including
lists and maps. AttributeValueList can contain only one
AttributeValue of type String, Number, Binary, String Set, Number
Set, or Binary Set. If an item contains an AttributeValue of a
different type than the one specified in the request, the value
does not match. For example, `{"S":"6"}` does not equal
`{"N":"6"}`. Also, `{"N":"6"}` does not equal `{"NS":["6", "2",
"1"]}`. > <li>
+ `LE` : Less than or equal. AttributeValueList can contain only one
AttributeValue element of type String, Number, or Binary (not a set
type). If an item contains an AttributeValue element of a different
type than the one specified in the request, the value does not
match. For example, `{"S":"6"}` does not equal `{"N":"6"}`. Also,
`{"N":"6"}` does not compare to `{"NS":["6", "2", "1"]}`. > <li>
+ `LT` : Less than. AttributeValueList can contain only one
AttributeValue of type String, Number, or Binary (not a set type).
If an item contains an AttributeValue element of a different type
than the one specified in the request, the value does not match.
For example, `{"S":"6"}` does not equal `{"N":"6"}`. Also,
`{"N":"6"}` does not compare to `{"NS":["6", "2", "1"]}`. > <li>
+ `GE` : Greater than or equal. AttributeValueList can contain only one
AttributeValue element of type String, Number, or Binary (not a set
type). If an item contains an AttributeValue element of a different
type than the one specified in the request, the value does not
match. For example, `{"S":"6"}` does not equal `{"N":"6"}`. Also,
`{"N":"6"}` does not compare to `{"NS":["6", "2", "1"]}`. > <li>
+ `GT` : Greater than. AttributeValueList can contain only one
AttributeValue element of type String, Number, or Binary (not a set
type). If an item contains an AttributeValue element of a different
type than the one specified in the request, the value does not
match. For example, `{"S":"6"}` does not equal `{"N":"6"}`. Also,
`{"N":"6"}` does not compare to `{"NS":["6", "2", "1"]}`. > <li>
+ `NOT_NULL` : The attribute exists. `NOT_NULL` is supported for all
datatypes, including lists and maps. This operator tests for the
existence of an attribute, not its data type. If the data type of
attribute " `a`" is null, and you evaluate it using `NOT_NULL`, the
result is a Boolean true . This result is because the attribute "
`a`" exists; its data type is not relevant to the `NOT_NULL`
comparison operator.
+ `NULL` : The attribute does not exist. `NULL` is supported for all
datatypes, including lists and maps. This operator tests for the
nonexistence of an attribute, not its data type. If the data type
of attribute " `a`" is null, and you evaluate it using `NULL`, the
result is a Boolean false . This is because the attribute " `a`"
exists; its data type is not relevant to the `NULL` comparison
operator.
+ `CONTAINS` : Checks for a subsequence, or value in a set.
AttributeValueList can contain only one AttributeValue element of
type String, Number, or Binary (not a set type). If the target
attribute of the comparison is of type String, then the operator
checks for a substring match. If the target attribute of the
comparison is of type Binary, then the operator looks for a
subsequence of the target that matches the input. If the target
attribute of the comparison is a set (" `SS`", " `NS`", or "
`BS`"), then the operator evaluates to true if it finds an exact
match with any member of the set. CONTAINS is supported for lists:
When evaluating " `a CONTAINS b`", " `a`" can be a list; however, "
`b`" cannot be a set, a map, or a list.
+ `NOT_CONTAINS` : Checks for absence of a subsequence, or absence of a
value in a set. AttributeValueList can contain only one
AttributeValue element of type String, Number, or Binary (not a set
type). If the target attribute of the comparison is a String, then
the operator checks for the absence of a substring match. If the
target attribute of the comparison is Binary, then the operator
checks for the absence of a subsequence of the target that matches
the input. If the target attribute of the comparison is a set ("
`SS`", " `NS`", or " `BS`"), then the operator evaluates to true if
it does not find an exact match with any member of the set.
NOT_CONTAINS is supported for lists: When evaluating " `a NOT
CONTAINS b`", " `a`" can be a list; however, " `b`" cannot be a
set, a map, or a list.
+ `BEGINS_WITH` : Checks for a prefix. AttributeValueList can contain
only one AttributeValue of type String or Binary (not a Number or a
set type). The target attribute of the comparison must be of type
String or Binary (not a Number or a set type). > <li>
+ `IN` : Checks for matching elements within two sets.
AttributeValueList can contain one or more AttributeValue elements
of type String, Number, or Binary (not a set type). These
attributes are compared against an existing set type attribute of
an item. If any elements of the input set are present in the item
attribute, the expression evaluates to true.
+ `BETWEEN` : Greater than or equal to the first value, and less than
or equal to the second value. AttributeValueList must contain two
AttributeValue elements of the same type, either String, Number, or
Binary (not a set type). A target attribute matches if the target
value is greater than, or equal to, the first element and less
than, or equal to, the second element. If an item contains an
AttributeValue element of a different type than the one specified
in the request, the value does not match. For example, `{"S":"6"}`
does not compare to `{"N":"6"}`. Also, `{"N":"6"}` does not compare
to `{"NS":["6", "2", "1"]}`
For usage examples of AttributeValueList and ComparisonOperator , see
`Legacy Conditional Parameters`_ in the Amazon DynamoDB Developer
Guide .
For backward compatibility with previous DynamoDB releases, the
following parameters can be used instead of AttributeValueList and
ComparisonOperator :
+ Value - A value for DynamoDB to compare with an attribute.
+ Exists - A Boolean value that causes DynamoDB to evaluate the value
before attempting the conditional operation:
+ If Exists is `True`, DynamoDB will check to see if that attribute
value already exists in the table. If it is found, then the
condition evaluates to true; otherwise the condition evaluate to
false.
+ If Exists is `False`, DynamoDB assumes that the attribute value does
not exist in the table. If in fact the value does not exist, then
the assumption is valid and the condition evaluates to true. If the
value is found, despite the assumption that it does not exist, the
condition evaluates to false.
Note that the default value for Exists is `True`.
The Value and Exists parameters are incompatible with
AttributeValueList and ComparisonOperator . Note that if you use
both sets of parameters at once, DynamoDB will return a
ValidationException exception.
:type return_values: string
:param return_values:
Use ReturnValues if you want to get the item attributes as they
appeared before they were updated with the PutItem request. For
PutItem , the valid values are:
+ `NONE` - If ReturnValues is not specified, or if its value is `NONE`,
then nothing is returned. (This setting is the default for
ReturnValues .)
+ `ALL_OLD` - If PutItem overwrote an attribute name-value pair, then
the content of the old item is returned.
:type return_consumed_capacity: string
:param return_consumed_capacity: A value that if set to `TOTAL`, the
response includes ConsumedCapacity data for tables and indexes. If
set to `INDEXES`, the response includes ConsumedCapacity for
indexes. If set to `NONE` (the default), ConsumedCapacity is not
included in the response.
:type return_item_collection_metrics: string
:param return_item_collection_metrics: A value that if set to `SIZE`,
the response includes statistics about item collections, if any,
that were modified during the operation are returned in the
response. If set to `NONE` (the default), no statistics are
returned.
:type conditional_operator: string
:param conditional_operator:
There is a newer parameter available. Use ConditionExpression instead.
Note that if you use ConditionalOperator and ConditionExpression at
the same time, DynamoDB will return a ValidationException
exception.
This parameter does not support lists or maps.
A logical operator to apply to the conditions in the Expected map:
+ `AND` - If all of the conditions evaluate to true, then the entire
map evaluates to true.
+ `OR` - If at least one of the conditions evaluate to true, then the
entire map evaluates to true.
If you omit ConditionalOperator , then `AND` is the default.
The operation will succeed only if the entire map evaluates to true.
:type condition_expression: string
:param condition_expression: A condition that must be satisfied in
order for a conditional PutItem operation to succeed.
An expression can contain any of the following:
+ Boolean functions: `attribute_exists | attribute_not_exists |
contains | begins_with` These function names are case-sensitive.
+ Comparison operators: ` = | <> | < | > | <=
| >= | BETWEEN | IN`
+ Logical operators: `AND | OR | NOT`
For more information on condition expressions, go to `Specifying
Conditions`_ in the Amazon DynamoDB Developer Guide .
:type expression_attribute_names: map
:param expression_attribute_names: One or more substitution tokens for
simplifying complex expressions. The following are some use cases
for using ExpressionAttributeNames :
+ To shorten an attribute name that is very long or unwieldy in an
expression.
+ To create a placeholder for repeating occurrences of an attribute
name in an expression.
+ To prevent special characters in an attribute name from being
misinterpreted in an expression.
Use the **#** character in an expression to dereference an attribute
name. For example, consider the following expression:
+ `order.customerInfo.LastName = "Smith" OR order.customerInfo.LastName
= "Jones"`
Now suppose that you specified the following for
ExpressionAttributeNames :
+ `{"#name":"order.customerInfo.LastName"}`
The expression can now be simplified as follows:
+ `#name = "Smith" OR #name = "Jones"`
For more information on expression attribute names, go to `Accessing
Item Attributes`_ in the Amazon DynamoDB Developer Guide .
:type expression_attribute_values: map
:param expression_attribute_values: One or more values that can be
substituted in an expression.
Use the **:** (colon) character in an expression to dereference an
attribute value. For example, suppose that you wanted to check
whether the value of the ProductStatus attribute was one of the
following:
`Available | Backordered | Discontinued`
You would first need to specify ExpressionAttributeValues as follows:
`{ ":avail":{"S":"Available"}, ":back":{"S":"Backordered"},
":disc":{"S":"Discontinued"} }`
You could then use these values in an expression, such as this:
`ProductStatus IN (:avail, :back, :disc)`
For more information on expression attribute values, go to `Specifying
Conditions`_ in the Amazon DynamoDB Developer Guide .'

def put_item(self, table_name, item, expected=None, return_values=None, return_consumed_capacity=None, return_item_collection_metrics=None, conditional_operator=None, condition_expression=None, expression_attribute_names=None, expression_attribute_values=None):

    params = {'TableName': table_name, 'Item': item}
    if (expected is not None):
        params['Expected'] = expected
    if (return_values is not None):
        params['ReturnValues'] = return_values
    if (return_consumed_capacity is not None):
        params['ReturnConsumedCapacity'] = return_consumed_capacity
    if (return_item_collection_metrics is not None):
        params['ReturnItemCollectionMetrics'] = return_item_collection_metrics
    if (conditional_operator is not None):
        params['ConditionalOperator'] = conditional_operator
    if (condition_expression is not None):
        params['ConditionExpression'] = condition_expression
    if (expression_attribute_names is not None):
        params['ExpressionAttributeNames'] = expression_attribute_names
    if (expression_attribute_values is not None):
        params['ExpressionAttributeValues'] = expression_attribute_values
    return self.make_request(action='PutItem', body=json.dumps(params))
