description: You are given two integers n and m. Find the \operatorname{MEX} of the sequence n ⊕ 0, n ⊕ 1, …, n ⊕ m. Here, ⊕ is the [bitwise XOR operator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation#XOR).
  
  \operatorname{MEX} of the sequence of non-negative integers is the smallest non-negative integer that doesn't appear in this sequence. For example, \operatorname{MEX}(0, 1, 2, 4) = 3, and \operatorname{MEX}(1, 2021) = 0. 
  
  Input
  
  The first line contains a single integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 30 000) — the number of test cases.
  
  The first and only line of each test case contains two integers n and m (0 ≤ n, m ≤ 10^9).
  
  Output
  
  For each test case, print a single integer — the answer to the problem.
  
  Example
  
  Input
  
  
  5
  3 5
  4 6
  3 2
  69 696
  123456 654321
  
  
  Output
  
  
  4
  3
  0
  640
  530866
  
  Note
  
  In the first test case, the sequence is 3 ⊕ 0, 3 ⊕ 1, 3 ⊕ 2, 3 ⊕ 3, 3 ⊕ 4, 3 ⊕ 5, or 3, 2, 1, 0, 7, 6. The smallest non-negative integer which isn't present in the sequence i. e. the \operatorname{MEX} of the sequence is 4.
  
  In the second test case, the sequence is 4 ⊕ 0, 4 ⊕ 1, 4 ⊕ 2, 4 ⊕ 3, 4 ⊕ 4, 4 ⊕ 5, 4 ⊕ 6, or 4, 5, 6, 7, 0, 1, 2. The smallest non-negative integer which isn't present in the sequence i. e. the \operatorname{MEX} of the sequence is 3.
  
  In the third test case, the sequence is 3 ⊕ 0, 3 ⊕ 1, 3 ⊕ 2, or 3, 2, 1. The smallest non-negative integer which isn't present in the sequence i. e. the \operatorname{MEX} of the sequence is 0.
solution: import sys
  #import random
  from bisect import bisect_left as lb
  from collections import deque
  #sys.setrecursionlimit(10**8)
  from queue import PriorityQueue as pq
  from math import *
  input_ = lambda: sys.stdin.readline().strip("\r\n")
  ii = lambda : int(input_())
  il = lambda : list(map(int, input_().split()))
  ilf = lambda : list(map(float, input_().split()))
  ip = lambda : input_()
  fi = lambda : float(input_())
  ap = lambda ab,bc,cd : ab[bc].append(cd)
  li = lambda : list(input_())
  pr = lambda x : print(x)
  prinT = lambda x : print(x)
  f = lambda : sys.stdout.flush()
  inv =lambda x:pow(x,mod-2,mod)
  mod = 10**9 + 7
  
  for _ in range (ii()) :
      n,m = il()
  
      m += 1
      ans = 0
  
      for i in range (30,-1,-1) :
          if (n>=m) :
              break
  
          if (n&(1<<i) == m&(1<<i)) :
              continue
  
          if (m&(1<<i)) :
              ans |= (1<<i)
              n |= (1<<i)
  
      print(ans)
  