description: You are given two integers n and m. Find the \operatorname{MEX} of the sequence n ⊕ 0, n ⊕ 1, …, n ⊕ m. Here, ⊕ is the [bitwise XOR operator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation#XOR).
  
  \operatorname{MEX} of the sequence of non-negative integers is the smallest non-negative integer that doesn't appear in this sequence. For example, \operatorname{MEX}(0, 1, 2, 4) = 3, and \operatorname{MEX}(1, 2021) = 0. 
  
  Input
  
  The first line contains a single integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 30 000) — the number of test cases.
  
  The first and only line of each test case contains two integers n and m (0 ≤ n, m ≤ 10^9).
  
  Output
  
  For each test case, print a single integer — the answer to the problem.
  
  Example
  
  Input
  
  
  5
  3 5
  4 6
  3 2
  69 696
  123456 654321
  
  
  Output
  
  
  4
  3
  0
  640
  530866
  
  Note
  
  In the first test case, the sequence is 3 ⊕ 0, 3 ⊕ 1, 3 ⊕ 2, 3 ⊕ 3, 3 ⊕ 4, 3 ⊕ 5, or 3, 2, 1, 0, 7, 6. The smallest non-negative integer which isn't present in the sequence i. e. the \operatorname{MEX} of the sequence is 4.
  
  In the second test case, the sequence is 4 ⊕ 0, 4 ⊕ 1, 4 ⊕ 2, 4 ⊕ 3, 4 ⊕ 4, 4 ⊕ 5, 4 ⊕ 6, or 4, 5, 6, 7, 0, 1, 2. The smallest non-negative integer which isn't present in the sequence i. e. the \operatorname{MEX} of the sequence is 3.
  
  In the third test case, the sequence is 3 ⊕ 0, 3 ⊕ 1, 3 ⊕ 2, or 3, 2, 1. The smallest non-negative integer which isn't present in the sequence i. e. the \operatorname{MEX} of the sequence is 0.
solution: import java.util.*;
  import java.io.*;
  
  public class C_1554 {
  	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
  		Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
  		PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(System.out);
  		
  		int t = sc.nextInt();
  		while(t-->0) {
  			int n = sc.nextInt(), m = sc.nextInt();
  			if(m < n)
  				pw.println(0);
  			else {
  				boolean flag = false;
  				int ans = 0;
  				for(int i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
  					int a = n & (1 << i), b = m & (1 << i);
  					if(a != 0 && b == 0) {
  						flag = true;
  						ans = 0;
  					} else if(a == 0 && b != 0)
  						ans += 1 << i;
  				}
  				
  				if(!flag) {
  					int j = 0;
  					for(int i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
  						int a = n & (1 << i), b = m & (1 << i);
  						if(a == 0 && b == 0) {
  							ans += 1 << i;
  							j = i;
  							break;
  						}
  					}
  					for(int i = 0; i < j; i++) {
  						int a = n & (1 << i), b = m & (1 << i);
  						if(a == 0 && b != 0)
  							ans -= 1 << i;
  					}
  				}
  				
  				pw.println(ans);
  			}
  		}
  		
  		pw.flush();
  	}
  
  	public static class Scanner {
  		StringTokenizer st;
  		BufferedReader br;
  
  		public Scanner(InputStream system) {
  			br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(system));
  		}
  
  		public Scanner(String file) throws Exception {
  			br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file));
  		}
  
  		public String next() throws IOException {
  			while (st == null || !st.hasMoreTokens())
  				st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());
  			return st.nextToken();
  		}
  
  		public String nextLine() throws IOException {
  			return br.readLine();
  		}
  
  		public int nextInt() throws IOException {
  			return Integer.parseInt(next());
  		}
  
  		public double nextDouble() throws IOException {
  			return Double.parseDouble(next());
  		}
  
  		public char nextChar() throws IOException {
  			return next().charAt(0);
  		}
  
  		public long nextLong() throws IOException {
  			return Long.parseLong(next());
  		}
  
  		public int[] nextIntArray(int n) throws IOException {
  			int[] array = new int[n];
  			for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
  				array[i] = nextInt();
  			return array;
  		}
  
  		public Integer[] nextIntegerArray(int n) throws IOException {
  			Integer[] array = new Integer[n];
  			for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
  				array[i] = new Integer(nextInt());
  			return array;
  		}
  
  		public long[] nextLongArray(int n) throws IOException {
  			long[] array = new long[n];
  			for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
  				array[i] = nextLong();
  			return array;
  		}
  
  		public double[] nextDoubleArray(int n) throws IOException {
  			double[] array = new double[n];
  			for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
  				array[i] = nextDouble();
  			return array;
  		}
  
  		public static int[] shuffle(int[] a) {
  			int n = a.length;
  			Random rand = new Random();
  			for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
  				int tmpIdx = rand.nextInt(n);
  				int tmp = a[i];
  				a[i] = a[tmpIdx];
  				a[tmpIdx] = tmp;
  			}
  			return a;
  		}
  
  		public boolean ready() throws IOException {
  			return br.ready();
  		}
  
  		public void waitForInput() throws InterruptedException {
  			Thread.sleep(3000);
  		}
  	}
  }
  