I'm getting ready to buy an external hard drive for backups, but I'm confused by all the terminology when it comes to connecting the drive. Should I go for USB, Firewire, or eSATA? What are the pros and cons of each?
eSATA stands for External Serial Advanced Technology Attachment. It is a standard for a connector between a computer and an external device, such as a hard drive or CD/DVD drive. Similar standards include USB (Universal Serial Bus) and Firewire. The thing about eSATA is, it's faster than any other common external device connector.
An eSATA connection transfers data up to four times faster than USB 2.0 or Firewire 400. In the real world an external drive using a USB 2.0 interface will reach data transfer speeds of 20-30 MB/sec, versus up to 300 MB/sec for eSATA. Additionally, some features of SMART drives may not work over USB or Firewire, but they will on eSATA.
An eSATA port is not standard equipment on all computers. If your desktop computer does not have an eSATA port, you may be able to add one in the form of a card you plug into a peripheral control slot on the computer's motherboard. Laptop users can add eSATA ports with Cardbus or Expresscard cards.
If eSATA is so much faster, then why don't we see eSATA on every computer and external device?
The main reason is that an eSATA link cannot supply power to an external device, as USB or Firewire can. Therefore any external device connected via eSATA needs its own power supply. That limits eSATA in competition with USB and Firewire when it comes to the size and portability of devices that can be used with it. You won't see an eSATA thumb drive, for example.
But for external CD/DVD drives, a power supply is necessary no matter what link to the computer is used. So an eSATA external drive makes sense if you want the fastest possible data transfer, as in backup/restore operations of copying large files for physical transport to another location.
You can use a cable up to six feet long with an eSATA connection. That's long enough for most purposes, but if you need a longer cable you will have to use USB or Firewire. When buying an eSATA cable, be aware that it is not configured the same as an internal SATA cable, and an internal SATA cable's plugs will not fit eSATA ports on your computer or external drive.
Whether SATA will ever add the ability to supply power to an external device is unclear; it's on the agenda of the standards body that develops the SATA standard, but products that incorporate "power over eSATA" are slow coming to market.
In the future, eSATA ports will become more common on desktop and laptop computers as vendors add this feature to compete with one another. Also, the SATA standard, internal and external, will continue to improve in speed. The SATA 6Gb/sec standard will double the transfer speed of the current SATA-II spec. Look for eSATA devices based on this new standard to arrive in soon.
In 2010, expect to see a battle royale between supporters of eSATA and USB 3.0 technology. The emerging USB 3.0 products promise data transfer speeds rivaling that of the new SATA 6Gb/sec standard, without the need for external power. Toss in Firewire 3200, and we're likely to see continued confusion in the marketplace. The most likely scenario is that vendors will offer external drives that offer all three connectors.
Most recent comments on "eSATA External Hard Drives"
Just one point of note regarding the article though. Whilst the data transfer speed of eSATA is around 300 MB/sec as you mention, in the 'real world' the transfer speeds are limited by the physical read/write speed of the drive itself.
Therefore, whilst copying a large file onto a typical 7200rpm external drive will be faster via eSATA than USB, just don't expect 1 GB files to be copied in around 3 seconds!
Funny, I was just doing a little research on hardware backup solutions. I'm not interested in any online solutions; I want a home hardware solution. The problem remains, all hard drives will eventually fail, making them unsuitable for data archiving. I sure wish someone would come up with a solution.
Which is pushing which, external storage capacity, or external transfer speed? Whichever, we keep seeing larger and larger drives being used for external data backup. Admittedly, hard drives are easier to use for data backup than CDs or DVDs. But, in the long run which is the safer storage medium? HDs are prone to fatal crashes, and CDs and DVDs supposedly deteriorate with age, so neither system is fool proof. How do the various external storage systems compare with each other in terms of probability of losing your data some day? So, don't advances like eSATA and USB 3.0 just help to set up users for a much more heartbreaking data loss some time in the future?
Hey JM, what's the problem. Just make sure your files are always in two places. The chance of both drives failing at the same time is very slim. I backup my most important files at least once a week to a flash drive that I always carry with me (thank you TrueCrypt). All the other stuff (pictures, music, videos, etc) gets copied to an external hard drive every two or three months. Then it is put away in a safe place.
I have an eSATA external hard drive and an eSATA connection on my PC. My computer sees my hard drive when connected via USB 2, but does not see it when connected via eSATA. Anyone have a clue what the problem may be?
Hi, the driver for the esata controller (not standard in chipset) could be not, or not correctly installed. During setup of the operating system, these tertiary chips far too often have no WHQL signed driver (WHQL means Windows Hardware Quality Labs) and the driver is essential for making it work in the first place, and also for hotplug availability.
Older "modern" systems have controllers not yet seen as native in OS, and some chips will never be seen as native because the OEM (manufactor) never bothered to adhere to standard, chose to not properly supply its HWID/ or chose to rename a subset in the driver making it clash with a native.. or has had chips built with variant mask for a specific motherboard/plug-in card.
It means that you have to look up details of the motherboard and install specific drivers, and it also means you may have to uninstall newer drivers before older will take hold.
It is a sorry state those driver writers keep us in, as standardisation costs effort and money?
Have put an e-sata card in my 6yr.old puter cause the usb connection to my external hard drive was agonizingly slow. Now with the e-sata connection my external h.d. just screams. Can't believe it's not in my case. usb ok for thumb drives but no competition with e-sata and large file tsfs.


In Sh'mos 4:10, after Hashem instructs him to speak to the Jews, Moshe describes himself to Hashem as not an "אִישׁ דְּבָרִים", literally "man of words", and as "כְבַד פֶּה", literally "heavy of mouth", and "כְבַד לָשׁוֹן", literally "heavy of tongue". In 6:12, after Hashem instructs him to speak to Par'o, Moshe describes himself to Hashem as "עֲרַל שְׂפָתָיִם", close-to-literally "uncircumcised of lips" (Rashi: "sealed-up of lips").
What does each of these four refer to?
According to Ibn Kaspi, "לא איש דברים" means that Moshe was not an eloquent speaker, he was literally not a man of words. This was relevant because God was asking him to be a leader, and good public speaking skills are often thought of as crucial to such a role. No one would ever get elected president or prime minster if they couldn't deliver a good speech.
Now, "ערל שפתים" could refer to a third speech impediment (which would be the "lip letters" בומ"ף) like the opinion of R' Yitzchak Karo quoted in @msh210's answer and what seems to be the opinion of Abarbanel, but since Moshe didn't mention it originally when talking to Hashem like he mentioned the others, I prefer the Ralbag's understanding, that it means simply that Moshe is not a good speaker in that he often has trouble expressing himself through speech, often has trouble finding the right words to express the idea he is trying to convey. In this respect, "ערל שפתים" is kind of an antonym of "איש דברים".
On a clinical level, it almost sounds like apraxia of speech.
This is my take on Moshe's speech "impediment" based on "hekesh" (comparison of verses): In Parshat Shmoth (4.10) Moshe describes himself to Hashem as, literally "not a man of words." The word "d'varim" is related to prophetic speech, concerning the Commandments of HaShem, not ordinary (amar) speech which explains the prophetic words of HaShem. The former, devar is precise, direct "guarded" speech; whereas the latter "amar" are the details of the "direct" speech.
Here, Moshe's speech was limited to prophetic words and deeds.
For instance, in 6:12 we read that Moshe said to HaShem, "Behold, the children of Israel did not hearken to me. How then will Pharaoh hearken to me, seeing that I am of closed lips?" Here, Moshe describes himself to Hashem as "עֲרַל שְׂפָתָיִם", close-to-literally "uncircumcised of lips" (Rashi: "sealed-up of lips").
"So the Lord spoke ("devar") to Moses and to Aaron, and He commanded them concerning the children of Israel and concerning Pharaoh, the king of Egypt, to let the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt."
"The Lord said to Moses, "See! I have made you a lord over Pharaoh, and Aaron, your brother, will be your speaker (נְבִיאֶֽךָ "prophet")."
If his speech was limited to prophetic speech, this would explain the Targum.
Indeed, the first-century C.E. Aramaic translation of the Bible known as Targum Onkelos, which preserves some of the oldest rabbinic interpretations to have come down to us, characterizes Moses’ speech as profound, rendering k’vad peh as yakir mamlal, “weighty of speech,” and k’vad lashon as amik lishan, “deep of tongue,” turning Moses’ negative self-description into a positive one.
Thus, we might read Moshe's protest as, "I am not a man of [prophetic] words."
The Midrash (Deut. Rabba 42, Tanchuma Tzav) says the difference between the two is mainly a difference of tone. It considers DABER a harsh way of speaking and AMAR as being softer. Others say that DABER is used for elaborate or detailed explanations which AMAR is more direct and to the point. Rabbi Elijah of Vilna (Aderet Eliyahu) suggests that DABER is used for commandments that are spelled out in the written Torah whereas AMAR is used for those commandments found in the oral Torah. There is a sense that DABER suggests that there is a distance between the speakers and AMAR communicates closeness and intimacy. Perhaps God feels closer to his priests then to the man on the street.
The Ten Commandments are called עשרת הדברות – [Aseret HaDibrot] – the 10 utterances, which derives from the word DABER. They are short, concise and to the point.
The question of the four "impediments" posted above by MSH410 are really only one speech impediment.
The Midrash relates that, when Moshe was a child in Pharoah's court, he continued to reach for the crown and was put to a test. When he reached for the crown during the test, an Angel directed his hand to grasp a coal and he put the coal in his mouth scorching his tounge. This saved his life but resulted in his speech impediment [which Rashi relates as stuttering].
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged moshe-rabbeinu speech-talking handicap-disabled-impair va-eira parashas-shemos .


Mix: Sift 3 1/2 cups flour, 1 teaspoon each baking soda and salt, 1 tablespoon ground ginger, 2 teaspoons cinnamon and 1/4 teaspoon each ground cloves and allspice into a bowl. In another bowl, mix 6 tablespoons melted butter, 1 tablespoon melted shortening, 2/3 cup light brown sugar and 3/4 cup molasses; beat in 1 egg with a mixer. Beat in the flour mixture in two additions. Divide the dough in half, wrap in plastic and pat to 1/2 inch thick. Chill 2 hours.
Cut: Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F. On a floured surface, roll out each piece of dough to 1/4 inch thick, dusting with flour, if needed. Cut into 3-to-5-inch gingerbread men and arrange 1 inch apart on parchment paper-lined baking sheets. Brush off excess flour and chill 15 minutes.
Bake: Bake until the cookies are golden around the edges, 10 to 12 minutes. Transfer to a rack and cool, then decorate.


I just joined the Gigabyte forum, and I'm pretty much new to their Z87 lineup of motherboards. Just a week ago, I went to the local store to build me a new gaming PC. I saw different motherboards from different vendors, and it was hard for me to choose which motherboard to go by for the build. What caught my attention the most is seeing that beautifully packaged, very well designed G1. Sniper on the shelf. I told the guy who works at the store that I'll be back in a few hours. The reason I did this, is because I just HAD to wait a little bit to do a lot of searches about that motherboard. It looked so nice and the features mentioned on the box are so awesome, it had everything I need and much more.
After doing my search and seeing many positive reviews about it, I decide to head back the store. I immediate picked it up, along with other hardware and went back home to start assembling. Everything went very smooth, and the system did boot without any kind of hickups. The UAEFI looked absolutely gorgeous, and it was so easy to navigate through. I did some adjustments to the boot priority and everything went very smooth. I downloaded the utilities and went through every single one of them, all of them were very easy to understand and the Appcenter is such a well made software.
Usually when it comes to on-board audio, it doesn't deliver the quality you hope for, and most of them are just sound too 'flat'. Well, that doesn't apply for this piece of art. I was shocked at how good the sound quality is. Using my PC 360 from Sennheiser, I plugged it into the on-board audio on the G1. Sniper, which sports an excellent, quality Sound Blaster 3Di chip inside. It's true that people have different standards when it comes to audio in general, but boy does that sound deliver!
TL;DR, I appreciate what Gigabyte has done with the G1. Sniper. I believe that this is the best motherboard I've ever had in my years of PC building. Thank you, Gigabyte, and you just got yourself a new customer.


Sentence: In 1985, the Greenpeace ship Rainbow Warrior was sunk by French secret service agents.
Explanation. The sentence consists of just one independent clause.


"We need to be experimental," says Freddie Mercury in Bohemian Rhapsody, while Queen records her debut album. Obviously nobody told the people who made the movie the same thing. Mercury's long-awaited biopic may be named after Queen's superlatively innovative anthem, but he's barely a fraction of the arrogant size or adventurousness of this song. It looks like a soap opera and it goes through the same chord progression as any previous rock biopic. In other words, some musicians come together; they record their greatest successes while wearing a succession of less than convincingly shaggy wigs; and their assets are rising, falling and rising again.
Scripted by Anthony McCarten (Darkest Hour, The Theory of Everything and Other Efficient, But Bohemian Rhapsody sticks to a structure that may have seemed clichéd in the heyday of Queen & # 039; s unpardonable since being parodied in Walk Hard, but thanks to his likeable, charismatic lead actor and some of the most uplifting pop music In the twentieth century, the film deserves the review dedicated to the group's most memorable single, which is cited midway: it is "perfectly adequate."
It could definitely have been worse, the production was so uneasy the good director, Bryan Singer, was replaced by Dexter Fletcher, so the finished movie is much more coherent than it could have been Freddie (Rami Malek) if he is still called Farrokh Bulsara. He has just moved from Zanzibar to England with his Indian Parsi family and has reinvented himself as a long-haired London clubber – much to the dismay of his affectionate but conservative parents (Ace Bhatti and Meneka Das). Not that the movie has a lot of time for family problems. After just a few minutes, Bulsara meets a student rock band called Smile (quite conveniently, her vocalist has just quit). And after just a few minutes, he renames Freddie Mercury and the band Queen.
Bohemian Rhapsody reminds us that the other members of the group have written many of their hits – one after another they have the chance to say, "Hey, I have an idea for a song!" But they do not do much else. We certainly do not know how or why they have developed their unique combination of musical styles. Hardly ever shown individually, the non-Freddie band members occasionally appear as a trio, struggling through some yielding and then disappearing, leaving only a faint impression of Who's Who. As far as I can tell, Roger Taylor (Ben Hardy), the drummer, is a womanizer and the one most likely to argue with Freddie; Brian May, the guitarist, is the meek peacemaker; and John Deacon (Joseph Mazzello), the bass player, is – well, all he does is smirk from the sideline, which may have been because Taylor and May produced the film, and not Deacon.
But stick with it. With all due respect to May, Taylor and Deacon, the film improves exponentially when it ignores them and focuses on Mercury. That is, when it comes to being decent but boring guys arguing over lyrics, and starting to be over an outsider overwhelmed by loneliness, tormented by his sexuality and intruders, and addicted to the Joy is that could bring him through the night. Alienated from the band, he calls his family just as he collapsed with his biological family a decade ago. Mercury is alone with his domestic cats, a gang of followers and a soul mate, Mary Austin (Lucy Boynton) from his fiancé to his platonic friend.
The film's focus on this straight relationship has sparked much grumbling in the social media. There were also complaints about his decision to make him a beloved public favorite with a 12A / PG13 certificate, while in reality his hero was so outrageous that he was able to teach Casanova lessons. But these objections are not quite fair. While it's true that Bohemian Rhapsody does not put much on the screen, which scares away the family crowd, Mercury slams pills, visits fetish clubs, throws the wildest parties into the city and, after a certain anguish, embraces the life of gay man. Mama Mia, it is not.
It also seems surprising, mainly because of Malek's rich performance. Mercury was supposed to be played for a while by Sacha Baron Cohen and then by Ben Whishaw. But Malek owns the role: he seems to be obsessed with both the pouting, cheering showman Mercury in public, and the pouting, lost soul he could be private. The scary thing is that Malek Merkur is becoming more and more alike as the movie continues – nothing like him in the beginning, but in the end almost indistinguishable from him. And he has such an amazingly expressive face that he can even trade while carrying a huge amount of false teeth: Mercury may have had an overbite in real life, but in the movie he has incisors to compete with a cartoon bunny.
Malek's finest moments are also Mercury's finest moments: when he pulls out at Wembley Stadium, as Monarch, as the namesake of his band, for Queen's career revival of Live Aid in 1985. The bravest decision of the film -makers should include almost the entire set. But at this point they deserve the right to turn a drama into a triumphant concert video. Bohemian Rhapsody can bore you or irritate you for an hour. But eventually it will rock you and it could move you too.
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Cover from the 2001 Science Fiction Book Club omnibus edition.
Not to be confused with Lucky Star (manga).
On 23 March 1951, Asimov met with his agent, Frederik Pohl, and Walter I. Bradbury, then the science fiction editor at Doubleday & Co., who had a proposal for him. Pohl and Bradbury wanted Asimov to write a juvenile science fiction novel that would serve as the basis for a television series. Fearing that the novel would be adapted into the "uniformly awful" programming he saw flooding the television channels, he decided to publish it under the pseudonym "Paul French". Asimov began work on the novel, David Starr: Space Ranger, on 10 June. He completed it on 29 July, and it was published by Doubleday in January 1952. Although plans for the television series fell through, Asimov continued to write novels in the series, eventually producing six. A seventh, Lucky Starr and the Snows of Pluto, was planned, but abandoned when Asimov elected to devote himself to writing non-fiction almost exclusively. With no worries about being associated with an embarrassing televised version, Asimov decided to abandon the pretense that he was not the author (although the books continued to be published under the Paul French pseudonym). He brought the Three Laws of Robotics into Lucky Starr and the Big Sun of Mercury, which he wrote in his autobiography "was a dead giveaway to Paul French's identity for even the most casual reader".
Eventually, Asimov used his own name in later editions. Some cover pages bear his name only, while others credit "Isaac Asimov writing as Paul French".
Although the hero's given name was "David" (chosen in honor of his own son), Asimov felt this lacked vigor, and the later books used his nickname "Lucky".
These novels have a long and varied publishing history. They came out in hardcover with Doubleday in its first edition. Bantam was the latest, in 1993, to bring out the series in 3 volumes, publishing pairs of titles together. In 2001 the Science Fiction Book Club came out with all six novels at the same time in one volume under the title The Complete Adventures of Lucky Starr.
The British editions of all six novels omitted the prefixes altogether and were titled Space Ranger, Oceans of Venus, etc. The first book was translated to French in 1954 under the title Sur la planète rouge ("On the Red Planet") with the original pseudonym, Paul French. It was published in the "Anticipation" science fiction imprint of Fleuve noir. It was later adapted as a comic book twice, in 1975 and 1992.
He carefully introduced astronomical and physical concepts which the scientific knowledge of the time supported. In later editions, he added a preface pointing out that new scientific discoveries have rendered some locations and concepts obsolete: Mercury does not present only one side to the Sun, and Venus is not covered by a global ocean, for example.
^ Asimov, Isaac (1979). In Memory Yet Green. Doubleday. p. 620. ISBN 0-380-75432-0.
^ Asimov, Isaac (1980). In Joy Still Felt. Doubleday. p. 61. ISBN 0-385-15544-1.
This page was last edited on 2 November 2017, at 18:56 (UTC).


I am a doctor and work long hours. I need a registered childminder who lives nearby to drop off (3 mornings) and pick up (3 evenings) my child from nursery, as I cannot get there on time.
I need a registered childminder who lives nearby to drop off (3 mornings) and pick up (3 evenings) my child from nursery, as I cannot get there on time.


Hansen 1988 Update - Which Scenario is Closest to Reality?
Note: Jan-Erik Solheim has just recently made some very incorrect claims about Hansen 1988, which we will debunk later this week. Consider this post a brief primer.
Earlier this year in a post Patrick Michaels Continues to Distort Hansen 1988, Part 1, we compared Patrick Michaels' claims about Hansen et al. (1988) in his 1998 testimony before US Congress to reality. As Figure 1 shows, we found that Michaels had distorted reality, telling Congress that Hansen's Scenario A was closest to reality, when in fact the actual 1988 to 1998 radiative forcing changes weren't even quite as large as in Scenario C.
Figure 1: Radiative forcing contributions from 1988 to 1998 from CO2 (dark blue), N2O (red), CH4 (green), CFC-11 (purple), and CFC-12 (light blue) in each of the scenarios modeled in Hansen et al. 1988, vs. observations (NOAA).
Michaels had claimed Scenario A was accurate because at one point Hansen described it as "business as usual" (BAU). However, between 1988 and 1998 some major events occurred, such as passage of the Montreal Protocol international agreement to reduce chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) emissions, and the collapse of the Soviet Union. Thus, while it is debatable whether Scenario A truly represents a BAU scenario (we argued that it would be more accurate to describe Scenario B as BAU - see Figure 2 below), we did not follow a BAU path over this timeframe anyway. But more importantly, in terms of the greenhouse gas (GHG) radiative forcing (which is what Hansen's model responded to), Scenario C was the closest to reality as of 1998.
However, this post focused primarily on the radiative forcings as of 1998, and only briefly touched on the up-to-date radiative forcing data (Figure 2).
Figure 2: Radiative forcing changes (1988 to 2010) for the three emissions scenarios in Hansen et al. 1988 (dark blue [A], red [B], and green [C]) vs. Skeie et al. (2011) GHG-only (light blue) and all anthropogenic forcings (purple), and business as usual (BAU) GHG based on a rate of increase consistent with the Skeie et al. estimate for 1978 to 1988 (gray, dashed).
We recently received a request to update Figure 1 to essentially break out the light blue curve in Figure 2 for the various individual GHGs. This update is shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3: Radiative forcing contributions from 1988 to 2010 from CO2 (dark blue), N2O (red), CH4 (green), CFC-11 (purple), and CFC-12 (light blue) in each of the scenarios modeled in Hansen et al. 1988, vs. observations (NOAA).
As Figures 2 and 3 show, the net GHG forcing has fallen smack dab between Scenarios B and C. The CO2 and N2O increases have been closest to Scenario B, whereas the methane and CFC increases have been closest to Scenario C, though even somewhat lower. The Montreal Protocol has been a major success, as the CFC increases over the past 22 years have been almost zero. In fact, the 2010 atmospheric CFC-11 concentration was actually slightly below its 1988 level.
As noted above, this analysis only considers long-lived GHGs. According to Skeie et al. (2011), the radiative forcings associated with ozone (another GHG) and land use change have also increased. The direct aerosol cooling effect also decreased during the 1990s. Therefore, the net 1988-2010 radiative forcing has increased at a rate closest to Scenario B, but approximately 16% lower, as illustrated by the purple curve in Figure 2.
In short, claims that actual emissions have followed a Scenario A path are wrong, and usually based on rhetoric (i.e. 'Hansen said Scenario A was BAU' - Michaels' argument) or an undue focus on CO2 (i.e. 'CO2 emissions have accelerated, as expected in Scenario A - the Solheim argument we will see later this week). In fact, CO2 concentrations and forcings don't start to differ significantly between Scenarios A and B until after 2020. The main difference between the various scenarios, as Illustrated in Figure 3, is in CFCs and methane The real-world emissions of these GHGs have been quite low - even lower than in Scenario C.
Overall in order to evaluate which scenario has been closest to reality, we need to evaluate all radiative forcings. In terms of GHGs only, the result has fallen between Scenarios B and C. In terms of all radiative forcings, the result has fallen closest to and about 16% below Scenario B. Scenario A is the furthest from reality, which is a very fortunate result.
I was thrown off for a second by the seemingly smaller methane contribution over the longer period, then noticed the scales of the graphs are different. So, just a heads-up to anyone wanting to do comparisons between the two time periods.
Oh yeah Alex, longer timeframe = larger forcings = larger y-axis in the updated version.
Dana1981 - it might be worth a combined graph, 1998 values first, then 2010 values to the right, to give some perspective under the same scale. Might even add some actual lines connecting the bars, although that could be a little busy visually.
I would completely agree - arguing about differences from Scenario A is a complete strawman fallacy - one often tied to a "CO2 is the only forcing" error. I really find it odd that the 'skeptics' keep cycling back to such a bad argument.
From a purely psychological perspective it's not odd. James Hansen is one of the world's foremost climate scientists, one who has been making very good climate model-based predictions for decades, and one who actively advocates for moving away from fossil fuels immediately. Thus it's easy to see why "Hansen was wrong" is a psychologically appealing argument for those who are in denial about AGW. And the further he was 'wrong', the more it supports their denial, which is why they argue for Scenario A, even though it's actually the furthest from reality.
For those of us who are climate realists it's very strange that they keep making this obviously wrong argument. But that's because it's difficult for a realist to understand the psychology of a person who's in denial.
Good stuff, Dana. Looking forward to the debunking of Solheims ridiculous claims. He is like our (Norwegian) local version of Pat Michaels, ie. a serial disinformer. Got a free pass to the press, while the realists, like Rasmus (Benestad) who submit a written debunking of the misinformation usually won't get their rebuttal printed. This is more often than not the case in Norways major newspaper, Aftenposten. Once upon a time, it reported the science, but has turned into a bona fide denialist rag, unfortunately. I sense that the disinformers are getting rather desperate these days. Could it have something to do with the fact that their own favorite dataset (UAH AMSU) is at an all time high level right now, indicating that 2013 could likely be the hottest on record, just like Hansen predicted years ago. Contrast that to the deniers forecast of dramatic cooling. Just like we saw back in 08 when Hansen predicted a record in 2010 while the denier choir were sure the temps would continue to drop.
This post at RealClimate does a good job of discussing model-data comparisons more generally.
Why use predicted forcings instead of predicted/observed temperature change for IPCC scenario C? Predicted forcings assume what is being debated. I don't understand the reasoning here, please see IPCC scenario C.
thepoodlebites @7 - I don't follow what you're trying to say. There is no Scenario C in the IPCC SRES, and we're talking about Hansen's emissions scenarios here anyway.
thepoodlebites - The discussion here is regarding the Hansen 1988 scenarios, A, B, and C, not the more recent IPCC scenarios.
Aside from that, I cannot make out what your objection is.
Moderator Response: [DB] Poodle has pursued this agenda before, back in July and in December (comment deleted due to moderation complaints) of 2011.
What exactly are the "Actual" forcings based on in Figure 3? What climate sensitivity to CO2 doubling are you using, 3C? My point is that the satellite-based observations are clearly not following Hansen's Scenario A or B, even falling below Scenario C through May 2012. The empirical evidence suggests that model-predicted forcings are too high. (-snip-).
poodle - forcings are independent of climate sensitivity. The actual forcings are based on GHG concentration observations, linked in the Figure 3 caption.
I suggest you read the Solheim post because the concepts you are confused about are explained more there, particularly in the last section.


Is a Black-capped Lory the Right Pet Bird for You?
Is the Black-capped Lory right for you?
The Black-capped Lory is one of the best-regarded pets in the brush-tongued parrot group, especially for a larger lory. This intelligent bird loves to play with its owner, and it can often learn to be a good talker, yet it isn't as aggressive or noisy as some of the other species. Beyond a doubt, these beautiful yet friendly avian clowns can be rewarding pets for the well-motivated, well-financed individual. Alas, they can be impractical for the average person, since they demand an expensive, high maintenance lifestyle.
The diverse Black-capped Lory with its seven subspecies hails from New Guinea and nearby islands in Papua New Guinea and Indonesia. They are found at the margins of primary forest or well-recovered secondary forest, and they don't seem to be as comfortable with disturbed habitats near humans as some of the other lory species. They are also reported in pairs rather than large flocks, and they have even been described as solitary in some areas, unusual for a lory which must follow the flowering trees for its food. They may have an instinct for the pair bond which helps them form a strong one-person bond when kept as a pet.
Identification of this large red lory can be a challenge. There are seven subspecies, and you should consult with an expert for a proper ID if you intend to pair your bird. Also, there is a very similar species called the Purple-bellied Lory, L. hypoinochrous. Both species have a black crown with some amount of red on the chest and chin, but all seven subspecies of the Black-capped Lory have substantially more purple (or deep blue) on the underparts than the Purple-bellied Lory, which mostly has the purple in the vent region and under the tail. No, that isn't a typo. The Black-cap has way more purple (or deep blue) on the belly than the Purple-belly. Who says scientists don't have a sense of humor?
The Black-capped Lory is one of the lories that is singled out as an especially talented mimic. It has a better than average voice, and it can also imitate a variety of sounds. Some owners call it noisy, and others don't. The difference may be that some owners start early to channel the vocal energy into voice lessons.
The Black-capped Lory is active, intelligent, and loves to play. While not regarded as a species prone to develop behavior problems, there's always the chance that your pet can become beaky or possessive if not handled properly. A well-socialized bird can be very affectionate, and your bird will expect to spend plenty of time with you.
While other lories have been seen sleeping on their backs, the Black-capped Lory is frequently noted for this behavior. They may also lie on their back while awake. Take advantage of this natural behavior to teach them a cute trick, such as playing dead or rolling over.
Housing the Black-capped Lory, especially a single pet, is another genuine challenge. Like all lories, they tend to have loose, squirtable feces that are sticky, sweet, and quickly develop an odor, so it's important to set up a cage that's easy to clean. Some people advocate clear acrylic on the sides and back of the cage, and other people suggest a long, rather than a tall cage, since a lory that gets up high can squirt its mess much further than a bird who perches lower.
Many people recommend a hanging cage over a tile or concrete floor. We don't usually have concrete floors in our houses, but it's possible that we might have a family room with a quarry tile floor. Otherwise, put down lots of plastic over that carpet or wooden flooring, as well as any nearby walls that wouldn't be easy to wash off. A minimum size for your Black-capped Lory's flight cage is 24”w x 24”d x 24”h with no more than ¾” bar spacing, but these active birds do better with even more room. A Florida room or a conservatory might be a great place for your lory, but know your plants, since you can only have bird-safe greenery where you have a busy nectar-eater checking each flower.
Black-capped Lories aren't as likely to become nippy as the other large lories, but you should train them to step up onto a hand or a perch, and you should have a playgym that is separate from the cage, to prevent an individual from becoming cage-bound or overly territorial. They will appreciate plenty of toys and chew items. They may also like a small nest box to sleep in.
Feeding a Black-capped Lory is a challenge. All lories and lorikeets are brush-tongued parrots, an unusual branch of the psittacine family tree that is evolved to feed on the nectar from flowering trees, with a little bit of flowers, fruit, and perhaps insects on the side. To create a practical version of this diet in captivity, most people start with a high quality, well-regarded commercial liquid nectar, with about 50% of the diet coming from the nectar and the remaining 50% coming from a fruit and vegetable puree or chop salad. If you have kept other parrots, you may be familiar with a chop salad that leans heavily toward the greens and vegetable side of the produce aisle. With the lories, you need to be focused mostly on the fruits, with a small amount of such vegetables as cooked corn added for variety.
Black-capped Lories are at risk for iron storage disease and gout, which means that they thrive on a low iron, low protein diet. Many deep green vegetables, including spinach, chard, and turnip tops, contain oxalates, a chemical that improves the body's ability to store iron – a bad thing for lories. Vitamin C also helps the body store iron, which means that you shouldn't overfeed C-rich citrus fruit like oranges. Similarly, a healthy “soak and cook” with plenty of sprouted beans and peas will have way too much protein for lories.
They cannot digest seed, and if you try to maintain your Black-capped Lory on a seed-based diet, it will starve. What about pellets? Most off-the-shelf pellets are dangerous for lories but, in recent decades, specialty suppliers have developed a small pellet or a dry powder, as an alternative to liquid nectar. However, not everyone agrees that these pellets are a healthy diet for lories. It does change the quality of their droppings, to make them firmer and easier to clean, but many breeders feel that liquid nectar is more natural and easier on the lory's system.
The major advantage of the new “dry” nectar is that you don't have sweet, damp food sitting in front of your bird all day. If you go this route, be sure to provide plenty of water in a nearby hanging water bottle. Be certain that the pellet or mix is a low iron product intended for lories, or don't even consider it.
Most experts do stick with liquid nectar, but we all know that nectar (sugar water!) is a great growth medium for bacteria. Hence, you have to change the nectar bottles frequently – every four hours during the day in hot weather and at least twice a day in any circumstance. You must never feed honey, avocado, or chocolate to your Black-capped Lory.


TL;DR: We’re moving away from Gitter channels to a Forum.
The Rasa community of makers has been growing rapidly over the past year. After talking to members, we realised that Gitter channels are not ideal to support this community. So we’re introducing the Rasa Community Forum!
We aim to migrate everyone from Gitter to the Forum in the next few weeks and to close the Gitter channels by the end of August.
We will continue to support our repos on Github as we do now. So what's the difference between Github and the Forum?
We are excited to see you in the Community Forum. Come and join us here!


Has Japan's Long Bull Market Come to an End?
The stock market in Japan has corrected more than the Dow. Find out why.
The correction in the Dow Jones Industrials (DJINDICES:^DJI) has made many U.S. investors nervous about whether the long bull market is finally coming to an end. For international investors, though, the question is whether overseas markets are at even greater risk of a big decline. In particular, after two years of much stronger performance than the Dow Jones Industrials, Japan's Nikkei 225 (NIKKEIINDICES:^NI225) has lost almost 15% of its value since mid-August, including a nearly 500-point drop for the index overnight on Thursday. For those invested in Japanese stocks, the biggest fear is whether an end to Japan's outperformance could come sooner rather than later and take a big bite out of their long-term returns.
The Nikkei has definitely had the upper hand on the Dow over the past few years. As you can see in the chart below, Japan's key benchmark has nearly doubled since late 2012, while the Dow has made do with about a 20% gain.
A huge amount of the relative gains in Japan have come from the strength in the U.S. dollar. Indeed, when you take a look at dollar-denominated measures of the Japanese stock market, you can see most of the outperformance evaporate. The iShares MSCI Japan ETF (NYSEMKT:EWJ), for example, is up just 20% over the past two years, reflecting the fact that the dollar has climbed from about 80 yen to as much as 125 yen.
The dollar's influence has had a fundamentally positive impact on many Japanese businesses. Exporters in particular have benefited from the weak yen, as they've been able to sell their goods overseas and translate their foreign-currency profits into a larger amount of local currency. The Japanese government has also made efforts to stimulate growth, with a combination of factors that include quantitative-easing-based asset purchases from the Bank of Japan and moves from Prime Minister Shinzo Abe to try to end the deflationary spiral that has held the island nation back for the past quarter-century.
Still, Japan has had to deal with challenges as well. A new consumption tax threatened economic growth when it was implemented last year, taking money out of consumers' pockets and stifling spending. More recently, Abe has had to update his economic plan with more aggressive strategies, including a push toward encouraging population growth, cutting corporate taxes to spur greater industrial growth, and looking to strengthen the nation's Social Security programs.
Moreover, it's increasingly unclear whether the global quantitative easing experiment has actually been successful. Throughout Europe and Asia, various efforts to control interest rates have had only mixed results, and even the relative success of the U.S. hasn't led to unambiguous economic health. The Federal Reserve's reluctance to raise interest rates even slightly highlights the vulnerability of the market even here.
Finally, China has played a vital role in economic prospects throughout the Asia-Pacific region. As growth in the Chinese economy has decelerated, Japanese companies have started to lose a key source of demand, and if the emerging market is facing the prospect of having to accept economic expansion at a permanently slower rate, then Japan will have to adjust as well.
Japan faces many of the same challenges that the U.S. does, and dealing with them will be equally difficult. If its efforts succeed, though, then Japan's long bull market might yet have further to run despite its recent steep downturn.


Where is the cerebral cortex?
Cortex means "bark" in Latin and appropriately the cerebral cortex is the outermost layer of the brain, made up primarily of grey matter. It is the most prominent visible feature of the human brain, and although it is only a few millimeters thick, it comprises about half of the weight of the brain. The surface of the cerebral cortex is extensively folded, forming ridges called gyri and valleys called sulci. The folding allows for the surface area of the cerebral cortex to be increased significantly, making room for more neurons. The cerebral cortex is separated into two cerebral hemispheres by a large sulcus called the medial longitudinal fissure.
What is the cerebral cortex and what does it do?
The cerebral cortex forms extensive connections with subcortical areas, and thus it is involved in multitudinous brain functions. As a means of simplification, the cerebral cortex is often characterized as being made up of three types of areas: sensory, motor, and association areas.
Sensory areas receive information related to sensation, and different areas of the cortex specialize in processing information from different sense modalities. For example, the primary somatosensory cortex is located in a strip of cortex called the postcentral gyrus. It receives information from the body about tactile sensations as well as touch-related sensations like pain and temperature. Other areas of the cortex are devoted to processing information related to olfaction, hearing, vision, taste, and the vestibular senses.
The motor areas of the cerebral cortex are involved in the initiation of movement. Motor areas are primarily found in the frontal lobe, and include the primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, and supplementary motor cortex. The primary motor cortex gives rise to many of the fibers that make up the corticospinal tract, which is the main pathway for voluntary movement in mammals. The premotor and supplementary motor cortices have important roles in movement as well, but their exact contributions are not very well understood.
While sensory and motor areas both obviously play an indispensable role in healthy cognition and behavior, association areas are also extraordinarily important. Association areas are spread throughout the cortex and are involved in the integration of information from multiple brain regions. This integration can add complexity to the perception attained with one sense modality, or it can facilitate complex cognitive processes like language, artistic creation, and decision-making.
When an association area is involved in integrating information from one specific sense modality it is called a unimodal association area. An example can be seen in the visual association cortex, which surrounds the primary visual cortex. While the primary visual cortex is responsible for processing visual information related to the basic aspects of an image (e.g. size and shape), the visual association cortex is involved in more complex aspects of that image, such as using the disparity in information sent from the right and left eyes to perceive depth.
Other association areas integrate information from multiple sense modalities--along with information from other areas--and play a role in high-level cognitive functions; they are called multimodal association areas. For example, the posterior parietal cortex contains association areas that receive information from a number of different sense modalities. Among the functions the posterior parietal cortex seems to be responsible for is the ability to construct cognitive maps of one's environment and of one's own body. When this faculty is disrupted due to damage to the parietal lobe (such as from a stroke), patients may develop a unique syndrome where they fail to pay attention to one fraction of their visual field (usually the side of the body opposite from the cerebral hemisphere where the stroke occurred). This is called contralateral neglect, and it can be severe enough that the individual neglects to eat the food from one side of his plate, doesn't use proper hygiene (e.g. shaving, brushing teeth) on one half of his body, or even refuses to acknowledge that limbs on one side of his body are really his own.
This combination of sensory, motor, and association areas accounts for the majority of human cognition and behavior. Thus, the cerebral cortex is essential to healthy brain function, and the relatively recent evolution of this structure is sometimes pointed to as the most significant event in the evolution of the human brain.


The quesadilla from La Mexicana restaurant completely changed my mind about that menu item. Normally, a quesadilla is like its American grilled-cheese-sandwich counterpart -- warm, gooey, comforting and something easily made well at home.
However, La Mexicana's version has a distinctive tangy white cheese, and I was entirely unable to make a similar one using store-bought "quesadilla" cheese. So I asked a longtime server what kind of cheese they used at the restaurant.
"It's Chihuahua cheese, and it comes here from Mexico," he informed me. I'd never heard of it before, so I investigated.
It's obvious which Mexican state the cheese comes from, but how it got there in the first place isn't. Chihuahua cheese originated from Mennonite farmers, who migrated to northern Mexico from Manitoba, Canada, in 1922, following a dispute with the Canadian government over how to run their schools. They were followed by many more Mennonites from Pennsylvania, Indiana, Illinois and Ohio.
The cheese itself was first known as queso menonita, after the Mennonite community, but eventually spread in popularity to the rest of the Mexican population and took on its present name, queso Chihuahua. That popularity came full circle, as many Mexicans moved north to Chicago, not far from where many of the Mennonites came from.
In particular, Gilberto and Ignacio Villaseñor arrived there 40 years ago, and found a large market (nearly one-fourth of Chicago's population is of Mexican origin) and a supply of Wisconsin dairy milk to produce V&V Supremo Chihuahua cheese, which is one of the best quesadilla cheeses available in the United States.
I found V&V Supremo Queso Chihuahua at Central Market. It melts perfectly in a quesadilla, and has a sharpness similar to cheddar. I can't make quesadillas as good as La Mexicana's, because they have a slightly tangier cheese, better tortillas and guacamole, and an awesome agua fresca de melon to drink. On the other hand, I can customize at home with ingredients such as spinach, mushroom and onions.
It's ridiculous to give instructions on how to make a quesadilla, but I can offer a few learn-from-mistake tips.
1. Heat the inside of the tortillas before assembling the quesadillas, as it will help the cheese melt better.
2. When adding the Chihuahua cheese to the tortilla, leave some space on the outside edges, as the melted cheese will ooze to the edges.
3. Keep the heat on medium, as it will give time for the filling to melt, without overly toasting the outside.
4. Wait a few minutes for the hot cheese to cool down before eating. Otherwise, you too will be exclaiming, "Ay, Chihuahua!"


What can I use to test my home water salt level?
I use the taylor test kit to test my pool.
I have a water softener and I'm trying to get measure for my house and garden hose. Appearantly the taylor kit min test is 200ppm. One drop changed the color of my water. Any recommendation for lower level testings?
If you use 25 milliliters of water that would make each drop 80ppm. Should use 2 drops of the initial reagent.
Or 50ml for 40ppm drops.
original test calls for 10ml of water, if I did 50ml of water, how many initial reagent should I use? 5 drops?
did 100ml and got what i needed.
1. You can just use 1 drop of the chromate indicator, 2 at most. It's entire purpose is to just detect the end point by turning red, it will do this at any concentration.
2. Your water softener is adding sodium to the water, not chloride. It does this because sodium ions (Na+) are attached to the polymeric resin in the exchange unit. When your source water passes through it, the calcium ions (Ca2+) get preferentially exchanged with sodium (Na+) in a process where two ions of sodium are released for every one ion of calcium captured. Since the Taylor test is only sensitive to chloride ion (Cl-), you should see little difference between the input water and the treated water.
3. The better test to perform is the CH test. Take a sample of raw input water and post-softenener water and see what the difference is.


Does anyone know the solution to the problem?
Imagine uses Windows to delete the file, so if you have disabled confirmation for deletion in Windows, you will not get a confirmation dialog, even if you select "Confirm to delete files" in Imagines Preferences.
To change this: Right click on the "Recycle Bin" icon on your Desktop, choose Properties and enable "Display delete confirmation dialog".
If you don't have the "Recycle Bin" icon on your Desktop, use TC's menu: "Commands" -> "Open Desktop Folder" and then right click on the "Recycle Bin" DIR.
요청하신 문서가 현재 디렉토리에 존재하지 않습니다.
Thank you, can't you correct the link in the first post?
I have updated the version and link in the first post now.
What a coincidence - so have I.
great thanks, I'm going to have a look immediately!
I installed it in "c:\Program Files\Imagine"
No way to open images in Imagine lister plugin, F3 opens them in internal lister.
Don't know how should it work as packer plugin.
Found too little instructions in the readme file.
You should make use of the plugin autoinstall option, that usually all plugins for TC offer with their distribution. It writes the necessary entries to your wincmd.ini which you may have not entered correctly yourself. Before running autoinstall I recommend to remove any Imagine entries from your wincmd.ini.
To invoke the autoinstall process, simply press ENTER onto the plugin archive. If TC enters into the plugin archive instead of running autoinstall, just restart TC once.
You cannot do that - they have to keep their names Imagine.wcx64 and Imagine.wlx64 to work with TC x64.
I installed Imagine_1.1.0_x64_Unicode.exe so there is no plugin archive, I just find the two files in "c:\Program Files\Imagine".
Should I install the zip archive too?
Found some instructions, now the lister is working.
I can navigate animated GIFs to extract frames, but when I select few image files and ALT-F5 (separated archives) and select PNG or JPG output, it always asks me a name for each file to save, I press "save" and after a while TotalCommander crashes.
Shouldn't I be able to select a bunch of images, ALT-F5 to one image file format (GIF,JPG,PNG...) and batch convert all the files without asking anything more, and not crashing?
I never tried the EXE-installer, so I don't know whether it works correctly. Both the EXE-installer and ZIP-archive contain the file PlugInst.inf, which holds the information required by Total Commanders internal plugin autoinstall feature.
You can reduce the wincmd.ini entries for the packer plugin to just one sentence using a dummy extension (see example below). This prevents any of Imagines supported graphic formats to be represented with a packer icon in Total Commanders filewindow, without the need to define a rule for each supported extension.
Generally you are free to choose any file extension you like. I chose "img", so I know this entry represents the Imagine packerplugin, and added a trailing "!", as the likelihood to come across such a fileextension is rather sparse.
I think image conversion via Imagines packerplugin is broken since quite some time, the author never got around to fix it, probably due to time constraints and/or lack of motivation. However you can always enter into any supported image format via pressing [Ctrl+PgDn] and copy the listed images out to PNG format via [F5], then you may continue to process the PNG images. Note that imagine also offers an internal batch conversion dialog, accessable via right-click menu when viewing an image, although it only converts the first image of Animated GIFs, so it's not quite that convenient regarding extraction of animated image formats.
Thank you very much, it's much clearer now.
No way to put hands on sources to have a fix by ourselves?
Imagines source code is not publicly available, but even if it was you would need to find someone being capable of the used programming language and able and willing to invest time into this. Chances to get hands on the source code are rather sparse I think, as the author also offers a licensed version of the application for a minimum of €10,00 per license.


COLLEGE PARK, Md. - The more leave time from work that a woman takes after giving birth - up to six months - the better protected she will be from experiencing post-partum depression, according to a study led by Dr. Rada K. Dagher, assistant professor of health services administration at the University of Maryland School of Public Health.
"In the United States, most working women are back to work soon after giving birth, with the majority not taking more than three months of leave," Dr. Dagher said. "But our study showed that women who return to work sooner than six months after childbirth have an increased risk of postpartum depressive symptoms." The study is published in the Journal of Health Politics, Policy, and Law.
The first year after childbirth presents a high risk of depression for women, with about 13 percent of all mothers experiencing postpartum depression, with debilitating symptoms similar to clinical depression. This study is the first to investigate the relationship between duration of maternity leave and a woman's postpartum depressive symptoms over the course of the entire year after childbirth. It measured symptoms using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, a widely used depression screening tool, which has been adapted and validated in many languages.
The study utilizes data from the Maternal Postpartum Health Study, collected by Dr. Patricia McGovern, professor at the University of Minnesota School of Public Health and a co-author on this study. Dr. McGovern followed a group of more than 800 women in Minnesota over the course of the first postpartum year and gathered data about depressive symptoms and mental and physical health at six weeks, twelve weeks, six months and twelve months postpartum. At the six weeks, twelve weeks and six months time frames, the women who were on maternity leave had significantly lower postpartum depression scores compared to their peers who had returned to work (See figure 1).
This year marks the 20th anniversary of the passage of the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA), the primary federal leave policy that provides support to working U.S. mothers of infants. However, the law only provides a maximum of 12 weeks of unpaid leave for eligible employees working for covered employers (i.e., those with 50 or more employees). Since many women are not covered by FMLA, or cannot afford to take unpaid leave, most women are back to work much sooner than may be ideal for maternal postpartum health. In this study, about 7 percent of the mothers were back to work by 6 weeks, 46 percent by 12 weeks, and 87 percent by 6 months. The United States lags well behind all other industrialized nations in terms of generosity of parental leave policies. In fact, research spanning 181 countries in the world showed that the U.S. is one of only three countries that do not provide paid maternity leave (the others are Papua New Guinea and Swaziland).
The study concludes that "the current leave duration provided by the Family and Medical Leave Act, 12 weeks, may not be sufficient for mothers at risk for or experiencing postpartum depression" and that future leave policy debates should take into consideration the postpartum health of mothers. Moreover, "employers should consider providing more generous leaves than the 12 weeks of unpaid leave granted by the FMLA through expanding the duration of leave given or providing paid leave or both," urged Dr. Dagher.


I was reading Hitler: The Missing Years (1957) recently. The book is by Ernst Hanfstaengel, one of Hitler's first financial backers. Hanfstaengel became one of Hitler's inner circle. He was one of his earliest financial supporters and in March, 1923, provided $1,000 to ensure the daily publication of Volkische Beobachter. The newspaper, an anti-Semitic gossip sheet had previously appeared twice a week. With Hanfstaengel's money it was published every day. This was a real breakthrough as it enabled Hitler to build up both membership and funds. Hanfstaengel claims that he was encouraged to meet Hitler by Major Truman Smith, as assistant military attaché at the American embassy in Berlin. This might seem surprising but it reflects the role of intelligence agencies soon after the First World War. We now know that the head of MI6 in America, William Wiseman, was funding anti-Bolshevik groups in Russia since 1917. Was Truman Smith arranging funds for anti-socialist groups in Germany?
I decided to do some research on Truman Smith. I found his papers are lodged at the the Hoover Institution Archives. In a biographical note it said he was involved with Charles A. Lindbergh in the 1930s. I have a copy of Lindbergh's Autobiography of Values (1976) and A. Scott Berg's biography Lindbergh (1998). These sources reveal that that Truman Smith was definitely working for military intelligence in the early 1920s. He completed a course at the Command and General Staff School at Fort Leavenworth. He then became an instructor at the U.S. Infantry School until 1932 when he attended the Army War College. He then served with the 27th infantry regiment in Hawaii.
In 1935 Truman Smith was appointed as military attaché in Berlin. He was told that his chief responsibility was "to report to Washington about the growth of the German army, including the development of new weapons and new battle tactics." In 1936 he arranged for Charles A. Lindbergh to visit the country. Lindbergh wrote to his mother about the proposed trip: "Comparatively little is known about the present status of Aviation in Germany, so I am looking forward, with great interest, to going there. Even under the difficulties she has encountered since the war, Germany has taken a leading part in a number of aviation developments, including metal construction, low-wing designs, dirigibles, and Diesel engines. If it had not been for the war she would probably have produced a great deal more. On the other hand, if it had not been for the war it is doubtful whether aviation would be as far advanced as it is today."
Lindbergh liked what he saw and argued that "Europe, and the entire world, is fortunate that a Nazi Germany lies, at present, between Communistic Russia and a demoralized France. With the extremes of government which now exist, it is more desirable than ever to keep any one of them from sweeping over Europe. But if the choice must be made it can not be Communism." Lindbergh believed that the Germans were "especially anxious to maintain a friendly relationship with England" and that they had no "intention of attacking France for many years to come, if at all," and they seemed "to have a sincere desire for friendly relations with the United States, but of course that is much less vital to them."
Lindbergh was invited back in 1937 and as a result of this visit Truman Smith wrote a report, "General Estimate (of Germany's Air Power) of November 1, 1937." The four-page survey included the following passage: "Germany is once more a world power in the air. Her air force and her air industry have emerged from the kindergarten stage. Full manhood will still not be reached for three years." He said that Germany had already outdistanced France in its technical development and had all but closed the gap on Great Britain. "A highly competent observer (Charles Lindbergh) estimated that if the present progress curves of (America and Germany) should continue as they have in the past two years, Germany should obtain technical parity with the USA by 1941 or 1942." Despite his report, Congress cut rather than increased War Department requests for appropriations for the Army Air Corps.
In November, 1938, Truman Smith arranged for Charles A. Lindbergh to visit Nazi Germany again. Great controversy was caused when Lindbergh received a medal from Hermann Goering. Lindbergh later claimed that he had no idea it was going to happen: "Goring was the last to arrive. I was standing at the back of the room when lie came through the door, wearing a blue Luftwaffe uniform of new design. He seemed less stout than when I last saw him. Heads turned and conversation dropped as Ambassador Wilson advanced to meet his guest of honor. I noticed that Goring carried a red box and some papers in one hand. When he came to me he handed me the box and papers and spoke several sentences in German. I knew no German but I soon learned that he had presented me with the Order of the German Eagle, one of the highest decorations of the government by order of der Fuhrer", he said."
Lindbergh was roundly condemned for accepting the medal. The Secretary of the Interior, Harold Ickes, asserted that anyone who accepts a decoration from Germany also "forfeits his right to be an American". The New Yorker on 26th November, 1938, commented: "With confused emotions we say goodbye to Colonel Charles A. Lindbergh, who wants to go and live in Berlin, presumably occupying a house that once belonged to Jews."
When they returned to the United States both men were accused of being Nazi sympathizers. This view was re-inforced by Smith's support for the 1937 Neutrality Act and his opposition to American involvement in the Second World War. According to Smith's biographer: "Both men were denounced in the press as fascists and henchmen of the Third Reich. The accuracy of the Lindbergh-Smith reports were questioned and dismissed as defeatist propaganda."


Ways to Take Cocaine: Can You Snort, Smoke or Shoot Up the Drug?
Cocaine is a highly addictive and popular stimulant drug. Snorting cocaine is the most common and well-known way of consuming the drug; however, it is not the only method. This article looks into the different ways of doing cocaine and whether some methods are safer than others. It looks into how cocaine is used, as well as the dangers of each method. So what are the main ways of doing cocaine?
What are the Ways to Take Cocaine?
Is There a Safe Way to Use Cocaine?
There are some ways to do cocaine. Users tend to opt for snorting the drug, due to the powder being easier to obtain than other forms of the substance. However, other methods of consuming the drug are increasing in popularity.
According to The National Institute On Drug Abuse, cocaine can be taken orally, intranasally, intravenously, or by inhalation. Cocaine shooting is one of those methods. This involves injecting the drug straight into the bloodstream to get cocaine high at a faster rate and for longer. Cocaine shooting or intravenous administration is regarded as one of the more dangerous methods of taking the drug. This is down to its rapid effects and the fact that injecting anything without medical supervision is dangerous and can cause the spread of diseases.
Although taking the drug intranasally, or snorting the drug, is the most common method, it is also dangerous. As well as the drug effects, this method damages the noses bridge over time.
Oral cocaine or inhaling the substance, are less common methods of consuming the drug. These methods tend to avoid small doses and for that reason are slightly less harmful. Orally, the drug can also be mixed into food to lessen the effects. Nonetheless, these methods are still dangerous due to the addictive tendencies of the drug.
Due to the number of methods to take the drug that are available, it is often difficult to recognize each danger. For example, ingesting cocaine may be far less dangerous than shooting up cocaine, due to not using a needle. The following criteria will help to explain the dangers of each method and help to give a scale of danger.
This method is still addictive but has the weakest effects of all the methods. The drug can be taken orally in a few ways, from swallowing Cocaine to rubbing it on the gums. One of the main dangers here is that it takes so long to affect, it encourages larger, more frequent doses and increases the chance of an overdose.
Highly addictive and the remnants of the dose remain for a while after. It can take a while for the nose to recover, and the nasal bridge can become damaged over time. The difference between someone’s body and cocaine effects before and after use will be very apparent with this method.
Highly addictive and can damage the veins. In addition to that, there is a chance of needles not being sterile and transmitting diseases.
The most addictive form of the substance as smoked cocaine is nearly always mixed with other dangerous and addictive substances. This is especially bad for the lungs and heart.
The most common and popular way of consuming the drug is to snort it. Through this method, the drug is absorbed into the bloodstream by nasal tissues, ensuring the user gets cocaine high. However, different types of cocaine classification may change this. For example, if the substance in use is crack cocaine, then it is much more likely to be smoked by the user.
According to the Center For Substance Abuse Research, when smoked, crack cocaine’s effects are almost instant, as the chemicals reach the brain far faster. This also makes the high more intense and increasingly addictive. Despite this, both cocaine snorting and smoking the substance are equally dangerous, so what is the best way to do cocaine if you want to remain safe?
In short, there is no safe way to take the drug. The safest method of consumption is oral, due to the lessened effects of the substance. However, even this method should not be taken lightly, as it can cause severe and problematic addiction, overdose or other health issues. To combat the drugs psychological effects, look into how to make fake cocaine.
If you are looking for how to take cocaine to find the safest way possible then it is likely that you are addicted to the drug. In this scenario, it is essential to find immediate medical help. Your doctor or medical professional will guide you towards the most suitable treatment program for you. If you need any further advice or assistance on where to find a nearby treatment program, doctor or just someone to talk to, please call our hotline at (888)-459-5511.
Addiction Resource » Addictive Substances: The Anatomy of Drug Addiction » Cocaine and Crack Addiction and Treatment » Ways to Take Cocaine: Can You Snort, Smoke or Shoot Up the Drug?
thank you for finally answering my Q!
Nice, I learned a lot!


Shimon Peres’ defeat this week in the presidential election was symbolic of a much more significant defeat the previous week. Camp David revealed that the Oslo Accords, of which Peres was the principal architect, was flawed from its inception by the lack of a partner equally committed to peace.
At Camp David, Barak offered Arafat far more than anyone, Arab or Jew, could have ever dreamed possible at Oslo. Yet Arafat wouldn’t or couldn’t accept, proving that he never envisioned an end to the Arabs’ hundred year war with Zionism.
The Arabs are willing to wait, confident that yet more will still be offered, and that what is not wrested at the bargaining table will yet be gained by other means. Nor have they ever made any bones about this.
Shortly after the Oslo signing, Arafat spoke to Arab audiences of jihad (which Peres interpreted as a "jihad for peace") and reminded them that Mohammed too had entered into peace treaties with infidels as a prelude to subsequent military victory. He conveyed the same message by eulogizing as a holy martyr "the Engineer," the man responsible for the murder of over fifty Israelis.
Palestinian TV continues to educate Palestinian children that Palestine encompasses all of Israel – Acre, Jaffa, Tiberias, Jerusalem. No Palestinian Authority map shows Israel; its textbooks continue to call for the eradication of the Zionist entity; and in its summer camps, eight-year-olds receive paramilitary training in killing Jews.
Yet our Prime Minister tells us, "I’m not interested in what the Palestinians say, but only in agreements." That’s like putting down one’s life savings on a retirement home in Florida knowing in advance that the seller has five previous convictions for mail fraud.
Shimon Peres has long been the most eloquent spokesman for this particular form of looniness. In The New Middle East, he pronounced traditional military strategy – troop mobilizations, location of battlefields – to be irrelevant, and hotels more vital to national security than armies. He famously looked forward to the day in which Israel joins the Arab League.
Charles Krauthammer correctly pronounced that vision, "A lovely dream. And quite mad, " not to mention one in which the Jews are the only people in the region to believe.
Peres actually acted upon that vision. Oslo was signed without any consultation with the military. (Then Chief of Staff, Ehud Barak, was horrified when he first saw the Oslo Accords.) The Peres Foreign Ministry made a top priority of securing U.S. aid for the PLO, Egypt, and Syria..
No one doubts that as president Peres would have continued to actively espouse his vision of the New Middle East around the world. Presumably, then, those who do not share Peres’ view that the wolf and the sheep are ready to lie down together were entitled to vote for his opponent.
The presidency, after all, is not a prize for life achievement, and MKs were not obligated to ratify the judgment of the Stockholm committee that annointed Peres with the Nobel Peace Prize. Ezer Weizman’s tenure amply demonstrates the large potential for presidential mischiefmaking.
In 1983, when Likud was in power and the distinguished jurist Menachem Elon was defeated for the presidency by the late Chaim Herzog, the papers were not filled with cries of treachery or demands for an open presidential ballot. Then it was assumed to be part of the natural order of things that the presidency belongs to the old elites.
Today, however, those who confidently predicted Peres’ victory have reacted to his defeat with hysterical hyperbole: Nachum Barnea likened Katsav’s victory to the Rabin assassination, and a front-page "analysis" in this paper proclaimed the end of Zionism, forgetting that Peres’ The New Middle East is itself a profoundly post-Zionist work.
The religious parties are accused of gross betrayal, as if Peres only decided to run for president after first securing Rabbi Ovadiah Yosef’s solemn promise of support or was the first person ever to lose an election he expected to win. Yet it is hardly suprising that most MKs of Shas, a party founded on the theme of restoring Sephardi pride and Torah learning, voted for a candidate whose own life can serve as an emblem of Sephardi pride and who is mitzvah-observant. Had they done otherwise they would have had a lot to explain to their voters. Nor is it suprising that religious MKs did not ignore the fact those most ardently supporting Peres have shown even greater ardor in attacking the religious.
Still I could have understood a decision by the chareidi parties to support Peres. There is a great deal of truth in the remark attributed to Rabbi Yosef: "Katsav is mitzvah-observant, but Peres will protect the mitzvah-observant"
I confess to harboring warm feelings for Peres and to empathizing with his pain. That warmth begins with physiognimy. Will such a face of the classic Eastern European Jewish intellectual, combining intelligence, sensitivity and nobility ever grace our political scene again?
Peres is the last of our politicians still connected to the European milieu and with a warm spot in his heart for Yiddishkeit. Rabbi Alexander Linchner, builder of the magnificent Boys Town campus in Jerusalem, once told me how tears would well up in the eyes of Pinchas Sapir, Israel’s first economic czar, when he came to visit the campus. "Today," he added, "there is no one to talk to."
Peres was a younger throwback to Sapir’s generation. He always attributed his many achievements to a childhood blessing from the venerable Torah sage the Chafetz Chaim. Over the years, he has enthusiastically supported Aish HaTorah’s Jerusalem Fellowships program and other Torah institutions where he had nothing to gain politically. And he has often proven a acute observer of Israel’s social fissures whose insights on such subjects as the danger of marrying Judaism to nationalism bear careful consideration.
Peres is perhaps the last secular politician able to relate to religious Jews with respect born of knowledge and not just as a horsetrader. For that alone his ongoing influence will be deeply missed.


Some very important concepts are often hidden in the mundane lists of names provided in the text of the Bible. Unfortunately, many times when we arrive at a list of names, we note mentally that people had children and then skip down to the more important narrative text. One example of this is when we read about Rebekah, Isaac's wife. Most Bible believers are familiar with Rebekah, beginning with Genesis 24, and the story of Abraham's servant traveling back to the land of Abraham's relatives, which you can read about in my blog from last week. (Please insert link from last week's blog).
However, Genesis 24 is not when we first are introduced to Rebekah. The first mention of Rebekah is found in Genesis chapter 22:23: "Bethuel became the father of Rebekah. Milkah gave birth to these eight to Nahor, Abraham's brother."
Why is this notation of the birth of Rebekah so important? Let's look at two reasons.
First, as we read the text in Genesis 22, we read about Abraham's willingness to obey G-D to the fullest extent possible by being willing to offer Isaac, his only son. We read about the substitutionary ram provided by G-D, an extremely powerful and emotional section of Scripture. I believe that it is because of the powerful emotions evoked by the offering of Isaac that when we read the names at the end of the chapter, we don't pay close attention, and we miss an amazing concept about G-D's answers to prayer and promises.
It is after Abraham comes back from Mount Moriah that he is notified that Rebekah had been born. There is no indication that Abraham knew at this point that Rebekah was to become Isaac's bride, nor is there any indication that when Abraham's servant got to the well that he knew to look for Rebekah. So, from the text, it appears to simply be a family update. However, what it does tell us reading the story is that long before Abraham was asked to bring Isaac up the mountain, and long before Abraham's servant made the covenant promise to Abraham, long before the servant's prayer by the well, the answer to the prayer had been born. In other words, the covenant promise made by G-D to Abraham was never in question of being fulfilled because G-D had already long before provided Isaac a bride who would eventually bring for Jacob who would become Israel. So, hidden within a brief list of names too often overlooked is the promise of promise fulfilled.
Second, as we read the list of names, we find that Bethuel, Rebekah's father, was the eighth child born to Abraham's brother, Nahor. We know that in the Bible, the number eight has to do with new beginnings, and Rebekah the daughter of the eighth son becomes the mother of a new nation, Israel.
Both of these two hidden blessings within the text are too often missed because they are hidden in the middle of other seemingly more important events. Just as too often we miss out on the amazing things G-D performs in our lives because they are located in the midst of other major events. But, if we slow down when we read Scripture and when we look at our lives, we will see all the other amazing promises G-D has written in the story of our lives.
Eric Tokajer is author of With Me in Paradise, Transient Singularity, OY! How Did I Get Here?: Thirty-One Things I Wish Someone Had Told Me Before Entering Ministry and #Man Wisdom: With Eric Tokajer.


Questions about example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "娘"
What does 私、本当に娘役っていうのがちょっと分からなくて、あのOOとか　分からないこと山ほどあると思うんので mean?
Please show me example sentences with 私は娘「に、を」遊ばせる。正しいですか。.
Causative form for intransitive verbs such as 遊ぶ、歌う、座る、can take both particles に and を but connotation is different. 私は娘に遊ばせる。 Particle に brings a feeling that 娘 plays on her will and 私 leave the situation or let the situation goes. 私は娘を遊ばせる。 Particle を gives an impression that 私 make (urge/encourage/lead) 娘 to play. Please don't misunderstand that it is not a forcing unwilling person. It is just describing volition of 私 is felt stronger than に. In case of transitive verb, に and を show remarkable grammatical difference. 食べる　⇒　食べさせる 私は娘に食べさせる。　is saying that 私 let 娘 to eat. 私は娘を食べさせる。 is saying that 私 let someone to eat 娘, as 娘を is object word for 食べさせる。 叩く　⇒　叩かせる 私は娘に叩かせる。　is saying that 私 let 娘 to beat. 私は娘を叩かせる。 is saying that 私 let someone to beat 娘.
What is the difference between 父親は娘の結婚式で目を潤んだ。 and 父親は娘の結婚式で目を潤ませた。 ?
What is the difference between 偏食の娘に薬を飲ます方法 and 偏食の娘に薬を飲ませる方法 ?
What is the difference between その娘... 大事にしろよ。 and その娘... 大事にしろ。 ?
Both are the same. The difference is very minuscule. Maybe よ at the end adds a bit of softness or somewhat a friendly tone to it.
Chronologically yes. But Mr. Nishiguchi はずっと言えなかった Ms. Hori は告知当日にお子さん全員にお話をした Telling to your children that you have a cancer. It is more excruciating and difficult than one might imagine. Ms. Hori disclosed to all her children that she had cancer on the same day her doctor told her about the diagnosis. It is not really easy. I had not been able to tell it to my daughter for a long time.
今日は、コレーの誘拐物語を紹介します。 ある日、シチリア島の原にコレーは遊びに行ったんですが、絶対に帰宅しませんでした。 それで、デメテルは酷く心配になって、娘を探したんですが、たとえどこへ行っ... does this sound natural?
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "無人"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "無人島"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "無数"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "むすこ"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "むすぶ"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "結び"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "結べる"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "むずかる"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "むずむず"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "ムズムズ"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "むせかえる"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "むせ返る"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "無責任"
Example sentences with, and the definition and usage of "噎せる"


In my earlier discussion of i and -i I said " The point about the square roots of -1 is that there is no corresponding criterion for distinguishing the two roots. This is a theorem."
The proof of the theorem is not too hard. What we're looking for is what's called an automorphism of the complex numbers. This is a function, f, which "relabels" the complex numbers, so that arithmetic on the new labels is the same as the arithmetic on the old labels. For example, if 3×4 = 12, then f(3) × f(4) should be f(12).
Let's look at a simpler example, and consider just the integers, and just addition. The set of even integers, under addition, behaves just like the set of all integers: it has a zero; there's a smallest positive number (2, whereas it's usually 1) and every number is a multiple of this smallest positive number, and so on. The function f in this case is simply f(n) = 2n, and it does indeed have the property that if a + b = c, then f(a) + f(b) = f(c) for all integers a, b, and c.
Another automorphism on the set of integers has g(n) = -n. This just exchanges negative and positive. As far as addition is concerned, these are interchangeable. And again, for all a, b, and c, g(a) + g(b) = g(c).
What we don't get with either of these examples is multiplication. 1 × 1 = 1, but f(1) × f(1) = 2 × 2 = 4 ≠ f(1) = 2. And similarly g(1) × g(1) = -1 × -1 = 1 ≠ g(1) = -1.
In fact, there are no interesting automorphisms on the integers that preserve both addition and multiplication. To see this, consider an automorphism f. Since f is an automorphism that preserves multiplication, f(n) = f(1 × n) = f(1) × f(n) for all integers n. The only way this can happen is if f(1) = 1 or if f(n) = 0 for all n.
The latter is clearly uninteresting, and anyway, I neglected to mention that the definition of automorphism rules out functions that throw away information, as this one does. Automorphisms must be reversible. So that leaves only the first possibility, which is that f(1) = 1. But now consider some positive integer n. f(n) = f(1 + 1 + ... + 1) = f(1) + f(1) + ... + f(1) = 1 + 1 + ... + 1 = n. And similarly for 0 and negative integers. So f is the identity function.
One can go a little further: there are no interesting automorphisms of the real numbers that preserve both addition and multiplication. In fact, there aren't even any reasonable ones that preserve addition. The proof is similar. First, one shows that f(1) = 1, as before. Then this extends to a proof that f(n) = n for all integers n, as before. Then suppose that a and b are integers. b·f(a/b) = f(b)f(a/b) = f(b·a/b) = f(a) = a, so f(a/b) = a/b for all rational numbers a/b. Then if you assume that f is continuous, you can fill in f(x) = x for the irrational numbers also.
But there is an interesting automorphism of the complex numbers; it has f(a + bi) = a - bi for all real a and b. (Note that it leaves the real numbers fixed, as we just showed that it must.) That this function f is an automorphism is precisely the content of the statement that i and -i are numerically indistinguishable.
The proof that f is an automorphism is very simple. We need to show that if f(a + bi) + f(c + di) = f((a + bi) + (c + di)) for all complex numbers a+bi and c+di, and similarly f(a + bi) × f(c + di) = f((a + bi) × (c + di)). This is really easy; you can grind out the algebra in about two steps.
What's more interesting is that this is the only nontrivial automorphism of the complex numbers. The proof of this is also straightforward, but a little more involved. The purpose of this article is to present the proof.
Let's suppose that f is an automorphism of the complex numbers that preserves both addition and multiplication. Let's say that f(i) = p + qi. Then f(a + bi) = f(a) + f(b)f(i) = a + bf(i) (because f must leave the real numbers fixed) = a + b(p + qi) = (a + bp) + bqi.
Now we want f(a + bi) + f(c + di) = f((a + bi) + (c + di)) for all real numbers a, b, c, and d. That is, we want (a + bp + bqi) + (c + dp + dqi) = (a + c) + (b + d)(p + qi). It is, so that part is just fine.
Equation 2 implies that either p or q is 0. If they're both zero, then f(a + bi) = a, which is not reversible and so not an automorphism.
Trying q=0 renders equation 1 insoluble because there is no real number p with p2 = -1. But p=0 gives two solutions. One has p=0 and q=1, so f(a+bi) = a+bi, which is the identity function, and not interesting. The other has p=0 and q=-1, so f(a+bi) = a-bi, which is the one we already knew about. But we now know that there are no others, which is what I wanted to show.


Wow! That's what you'll say when you get your first look at this new book on one of the truly great old-time cutlery manufacturers. In the beginnings of organized knife collecting, the Cattaraugus brand held a prominent position in the hearts of old knife lovers everywhere. After a sag in values resulting from many old "Catt" parts knives hitting the market in the mid-1970s, Cattaraugus knives have been on a long climb back up, and this book is probably just the thing to put the brand back where it belongs - at the top of the heap.
What's so special about this book? The answer to that question is a simple one - COLOR. The miracle of modern technology has now made it financially possible to reproduce this glorious Cattaraugus catalog from the early 'teens era in all of its full-color glory. Cutlery catalogs were rarely printed in color in the first place and precious few survive today, but now this rarity - and all of the information it contains - is available to the collecting public at a small fraction of the cost of an original. What's more, each of the 123 catalog pages has something the original doesn't - current collector values! In addition to the above, Cattaraugus Cutlery Co. contains a historical overview of Cattaraugus, as well as some interesting period photographs. Collectors will appreciate the detailed explanation of Cattaraugus' numbering system, and everyone with a sense of nostalgia will enjoy the full-color reproduction of an old promotional pamphlet, which contains a story entitled "My Old Jack-Knife."
Cattaraugus Cutlery Co. makes available some wonderful historical information, old photos, beautiful catalog images, and other interesting bits of this-and-that. Coupled with Jim Parker's recent dispersal of a large portion of the Cattaraugus exhibition collection, collector interest in the fine old brand is sure to be affected in a positive manner. All I can say is this: it's been a long time in coming.


Arsenal will host Manchester United in a thrilling FA Cup fourth round tie at the Emirates on Friday. The Gunners enter the encounter soaring high in confidence after clinching a derby 2-0 win over cross-city rivals Chelsea on Saturday.
The victory, as a result, ensured that Unai Emery's side kept its hope of securing a top-four finish alive with the point deficit held by fourth-placed Chelsea now reduced to just four. Against Manchester United on Friday, Arsenal will aim to end a three-game winless streak.
The task is undoubted daunting as the Red Devils have been massively invigorated following the arrival of interim manager Ole Gunnar Solskjaer. Last Saturday's win over Brighton & Hove Albion ensured that the Norwegian coach became the first in the history of the club to win his first seven games in charge.
With the likes of Marcus Rashford, Ander Herrera, and Paul Pogba all finding their mojo once again under the new boss, a rousing encounter could be well on the cards when Manchester United makes the trip to Emirates Stadium for the imminent cup game.
What's the current form of Arsenal in contrast to Manchester United's?
Arsenal approaches the FA Cup tie on the back of a convincing victory over Chelsea. Prior to the London derby, the Gunners had only two wins in their last three games with the remaining matches ending in two draws and a defeat.
Their lackluster display was also seen across the last 10 encounters where they have managed five wins, four losses and a draw. Arsenal's efficiency in front of goals which has amassed 17 goals is also nearly nullified by a frail defense system that has seen it concede 14 times across the last 10 outings.
Nonetheless, that cannot be said of a Manchester United side whose rejuvenation has seen it score 24 times while conceding 10 in its last 10 matches. The Red Devils are momentarily on a seven-game unbeaten run and have only been on the losing end twice in its last 10 games in all competitions.
Team news: Who is injured and/or suspended for Arsenal vs Manchester United?
Arsenal will be without full-back Hector Bellerin in Friday's encounter. The Spaniard is expected to be laid off for a lengthy period after picking up a knee injury against Chelsea on Saturday. Henrikh Mkhitaryan, Rob Holding, and Danny Welbeck are all sidelined with respective fitness issues.
For Manchester United, only midfielder Marouane Fellaini will be amiss as he is yet to recover from a foot injury.
The last meeting between the two clubs ended in a 2-2 draw back in December 2018. In all, both clubs have met 228 times with Manchester United leading in the number of wins with 98. Arsenal has managed 82 while the remaining 48 have been draws.
Anthony Martial: Eight goals and one assist.
In USA, the FA Cup clash between Arsenal and Manchester United can be streamed live on ESPN.
In UK, BBC One and BBC Sport Live will show the game live. Audio streaming will be available on BBC iPlayer (audio).


How to make the Windows 8 partition as primary?
My system was dual booting Windows 8 and Windows 7. I have deleted the Windows 7 option from the msconfig of Windows 8. Now the system boots automatically into Windows 8 with no problems.
However, I am confused if I did it the right way. If I delete/format the Windows 7 partition through Windows 8, will it cause any problems?
There is also a 2.50 GB Simple Basic FAT32 partition with status as - Healthy (System, Active, Primary Partition) - What is this?
PS: I do have EasyBCD 2.2 and MiniTool Partition Wizard Server Edition Installed. The latter is not able to modify C drive and set it as primary.
You can only have three primary Partition on a MBR setup.
How do I make the E drive as logical (it contains Windows 7 files , but I am now booting automatically into Win 8 and won't be using Win 7) and then I suppose I can make C drive (containing Win 8) as primary?
However, I am unable to make E drive a logical drive in MiniTool Partition Wizard.
Also, if I delete/format drive E, will it cause any problems to Win 8 boot?
I would backup your DATA & do a clean install. Than you can make the partitions in right order.
This is a strange setup. You have a 2.5GB Fat32 partition that contains the bootmgr. I wonder how that ever got there.
I would just delete the E partition if you don't want it any more and then use the freespace as you like - maybe combine it with that little 1.29GB partition (delete that one too) which seems to have nothing in it.
PS: regarding your initial question - there is no need to make the C partition as primary as long as you have the bootmgr in that Fat32 partition.
I think that's an overkill. The setup looks workable.
I can not do a clean install. I am using my institute's licence for Win 8 and if I do a clean install again, I won't be able to activate Win 8 again as all the licenses have been finished now.
Even I was wondering how did that 2.5 GiB FAT32 partition came up. Will it cause any problems if I want to install Ubuntu and try to dual boot it and Win 8?
Four if you format the System Reserved last.
BTW: the Mint Mate distro I use is a lot nicer than Ubuntu that I had used for years. The new Ubuntu Unity UI is really yukky.
The 2.5gb Fat32 partition is a old type OEM Boot/Recovery partition.
It must be very old. I never saw that kind of setup and I am 75, LOL.
That must be a Lenovo special. I never owned a Lenovo.