What is Power Factor and How to improve it?
Power Factor is defined as the ratio of the active power to total power. When the load has linear behavior (motor for instance) the current is sinusoidal and power factor equals the cosine of the angle between current and voltage. Voltage (or current depending on the circuit) injection is used in nonlinear circuits in order to increase Power Factor.
In case of nonlinear loads, generally associated with power supplies and rectifiers used to feed computers and battery chargers, the input line current has generally a pulsed waveform. It consists in addition to the fundamental (line frequency) sinusoidal wave (which is generally in such cases in phase with the voltage) also additional odd harmonics with frequencies, which according to Fourier transform are odd multiples of the fundamental. These harmonics cause parasitic losses without any contribution to the net power (Watt power), needed for operation of the computer circuits or for charging the battery.
Power Factor in such case is the ratio between the fundamental frequency amperes to the total current defined as the square root of the sum of squared amperes of all harmonics in the current waveform, (It is also equal to the ratio between consumer's net power measured in Watt units, to total power measured by Volt-Ampere units).
Elimination of harmonics in the current waveform decreases the denominator increasing power factor. Generally the amplitude of the harmonics is proportional to the inverse ratio of harmonic frequency; thus reducing the third and the fifth harmonic (150Hz and 250Hz for a 50Hz line) has the highest impact on the power factor.
It is common therefore to inject third or fifth harmonic current (or voltage) with a phase delayed by 180 degrees to the third or fifth harmonic of the line current waveform, in order to eliminate this harmonic and improve power factor.
Consider a load of 10HP Induction Motor at 0.8pf. This means, the motor draws 7.46KW, 5.6KVAR & 9.325KVA at constant voltage. This implies that the utility needs to supply 5.6KVAR. Suppose, if 5.6KVAR capacitor bank has been installed then utility need not to be supplying the desired reactive power of 5.6KVAR. This means the plant consumption is at unity power factor.
Hence, power factor shall be looked into the Load and Supply manner. Motor demand of reactive power can't be changed because it has been designed like that for a physical size.
In context of FACTS technology, the voltage control is used to control the Reactive Power by maintaining the same Real Power. As in the above example of 10HP motor, the voltage injected at source will be more without the 5.6KVAR capacitor. vis-a-vis voltage injected at source will be less with the 5.6KVAR capacitor. Hence, it will be said that by Voltage injection the power factor is controlled.
Actually, above is misnomer concept. The reality is use of capacitor or variation of the consumption of the reactive power. Hence, lesser the reactive power consumption, less is the voltage and lesser the Losses. That is why, all utilities demands to install power factor improvement capacitors at the load end which will be benefitted to the energy supplier and consumer.


The forces of the Japanese Tohoku-oki 2011 magnitude 9.0 earthquake, the fifth most powerful in the past century, set off a large tsunami that further devastated the shaken island. The earthquake and tsunami also badly damaged a six-reactor nuclear power plant in Fukushima, located 241 kilometers north of Tokyo. The backup generators that powered its cooling systems were destroyed, causing a dangerous release of radiation. The quake and the tsunami claimed the lives of thousands of people.
This earthquake occurred on the boundary between the Pacific and Okhotsk tectonic plates where the Pacific plate is diving beneath the island of Japan. The earthquake epicenter was located off of the east coast of Japan.. The Pacific plate is diving beneath the island of Japan, and the epicenter was located off of the east coast.
During an earthquake, the largest displacement of the surface of the earth generally happens above the epicenter, and decreases with distance away. In large subduction zone earthquakes, the closest GPS measurement of slip is made on shore, while the epicenter is located offshore. Therefore it is difficult to accurately assess the largest displacement during a subduction zone earthquake.
Researchers at the Japan Coast Guard have been using offshore GPS and acoustic measurements to more accurately assess surface motion during earthquakes. In this survey, the same sites are occupied at a set interval of time to see how much an individual site has moved. The Tohoku-oki earthquake provided the means to test the advantages of offshore measurements.
Initial estimates detected the largest land displacements of five meters horizontally (in the direction of ESE) and one meter of subsidence at the Oshika peninsula, located about 130 kilometers from the epicenter. Researchers used these measurements to estimate a maximum fault slip of 20-30 meters at the epicenter, meaning there should have been even more motion of the ocean floor above the epicenter.
However, researcher Tadashi Ishikawa was able to reoccupy five GPS/acoustic sites in the vicinity of the epicenter that he had surveyed approximately three times per year between 2000 and 2011. He was able to detect a seafloor movement of 24 meters ESE and a rise of three meters at the site closest to the epicenter. Ishikawa believes these results invalidate the initial estimates of maximum fault slip of 20-30 meters between the Pacific and Okhotsk plates, because the fault slip should exceed any motion observed at the surface.
Seafloor geodesy and acoustic measurements have the potential to more accurately measure movement above the epicenter of a subduction zone earthquake, leading to better models of fault movement.
Figure 1. Schematic picture of GPS/Acoustic seafloor geodetic observation system. Figure courtesy of Tadashi Ishikawa.
Figure 2. Survey vessel MEIYO, one of the three vessels which we used for this observation. These vessels have a mast GPS antenna for kinematic GPS positioning and a hull mounted acoustic transducer for underwater acoustic ranging. Figure courtesy of Tadashi Ishikawa.
Figure 3. Installation of acoustic transponder. Figure courtesy of Tadashi Ishikawa.
Figure 4. Coseismic displacements associated with the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake. Figure courtesy of Tadashi Ishikawa.
Sato, Mariko; Ishikawa, Tadashi; Ujihara, Naoto; Yoshida, Shigeru; Fujita, Masayuki; Mochizuki, Masashi; Asada, Akira. Displacement Above the Hypocenter of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake. Science, Volume 332, Issue 6036, pp. 1395- (2011).


Millions of Britons do not have enough time or mental capacity to make important decisions, including all major financial choices, according to a new study.
More than four million Britons have difficulty making the right choices when it comes to difficult decisions, research by Scottish Widows has suggested. Another 6.4 million people said they just didn't have enough time to complete an important life admin.
Worryingly enough, this means that a large proportion of people are unable to make crucial financial decisions, which means they can go out of their own pockets.
The study was conducted online by YouGov in February for 2,062 British adults 18 years of age and older.
The survey shows that 47 percent of people have never thought about adjusting their pensions, while only 29 percent say they make the best possible choice when it comes to their retirement plans.
Another 38 percent said they have not yet reached a decision about whether or not to buy a life insurance policy.
Robert Cochran, retirement expert at Scottish Widows, said: “It's easy to get caught in dealing with daily decisions in our hectic lives, but this keeps many of us from spending the right amount of time taking important decisions, which can influence our financial health.
Time is a big factor for those who reject financial decisions by 19 percent, saying it's too time-consuming, while 17 percent say it's just too stressful.
For those who do take the time to look after their finances, they often do not give their full attention.
About 11 percent of them manage his money at work, while 44 percent sort his when he sits at home in the bank. Another 52 percent say they did this with a double screening with the TV or a movie in the background.
Professor Mark Fenton-O & Creevy, professor of organizational behavior at the Open University Business School and expert in financial decision-making, said: “People will postpone when decisions make them anxious. They will also postpone making a decision if they feel they are unable to make it.
& # 39; Those who do not actively plan their finances will make less effective choices. Pensions are a classic example – the government switched to automatic enrollment because so many people took no action.
Postponing financial decisions, not surprisingly, can have a detrimental effect on your finances, for example delaying the handling of your tax return can lead to a fine.
In general, the later you make decisions, the less time your finances have to increase in value, as is the case with pensions, investments and savings.
Professor Fenton-O & # 39; Creevy added: & # 39; Important decisions about our lives can be dealt with more easily if we create the mental space to deal with them.
& # 39; Putting a lot of time and energy into everyday choices not only reduces our time and mental resources for more important decisions, it can also be a way to avoid difficult choices that we should make.
Professor Fenton-O & # 39; Creevy says the first thing you should do is to give priority to making time to make decisions.
& # 39; It is easy to say that I will leave until next weekend to make a decision, but have a very strong intention and say that it is important enough that I speak out time to do this is important.
1. Plan when and where you are your life manager. Choose a quiet location without distractions, such as television or children, and choose a moment when you know you feel refreshed and able to give it your full attention.
2. Recognize when you've had a difficult day or feel emotionally vulnerable. You will be more inclined to give in to impulses than to think carefully. Allow yourself to recover before you make important decisions.
3. Avoid important decisions when you have skipped a meal. Low blood sugar levels can increase decision fatigue and reduce self-control (which is one reason why diets can be difficult to maintain).
4. Help restore your capacity for difficult decisions. Good research has been shown for the benefits of moderate exercise, coming out into a natural environment and even short periods of mindfulness meditation to improve mental energy.
5. Don't sweat the little stuff. Consider whether you spend too much time and mental energy on small, unimportant decisions and activities as a way to avoid the harder choices. It is all too easy to make room for important but less urgent decisions through urgent but unimportant choices.


Did Donald Trump hire actors at his announcement?
Donald Trump is facing accusations that he paid actors to cheer him on at his presidential announcement Tuesday.
The Hollywood Reporter says it has a copy of a casting-call email sent from a New York-based agency, offering $50 to background actors for less than three hours of work.
The email says, "We understand this is not a traditional 'background job,' but we believe acting comes in all forms and this is inclusive of that school of thought."
When asked by the Hollywood Reporter, the casting agency denied sending that email but wouldn't comment further. Angelo Carusone, who many media outlets call an anti-Trump activist, first made the allegations after seeing a man's Instagram post from the event online.
"He uses social media to post pictures of himself at gigs –– which makes perfect sense –– and I recognized him as an actor, so I started to do a little digging and discovered that the other person featured was an actress as well," Carusone told MSNBC.
However, MSNBC reported in its own investigation, no person has said they were paid to be there. So again, the only evidence is the alleged email posted by The Hollywood Reporter.
Trump's not the only candidate to be accused of doctoring support. In April, Hillary Clinton held what her campaign called an unscripted roundtable discussion in Iowa, yet a man told the Daily Mail it was staged and that the campaign staff even drove him to the location.
This practice candidates are accused of is known as "astroturfing," playing on the idea of fake grassroots activism. The claim probably won't help Trump's image. CNN reports recent polls show more than half of Republicans said they think negatively of him.


It's the international diplomacy's world version of "What if I had a party and nobody came?" After the United States announced it would boycott the United Nations' conference on racism next week, Australia and the Netherlands joined the list of symbolic absentias. Canada, Israel, Italy, and Sweden have also refused to attend based on a meeting agenda that, as the U.S. State Department says, "prejudges key issues that can only be resolved in negotiations between the Israelis and Palestinians." Australia's foreign minister says some of the meeting's foundation is outright "anti-Semitic," and the fact that Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad—a Holocaust denier—will be present isn't helping the case. The U.N. high commissioner for human rights is "shocked and deeply disappointed" at the boycott, arguing that those countries taking part are letting "one or two issues to dominate their approach to this issue, allowing them to outweigh the concerns of numerous groups of people that suffer racism and similar forms of intolerance to a pernicious and life-damaging degree on a daily basis all across the world." Stateside, the Congressional Black Congress says it is "deeply dismayed" that America's first black president won't be at the meeting. Among those willing to attend the conference is U.S. ally Great Britain.


Question : Name of the country is given and you need to choose correct capital of given country.
What is the Capital of Afghanistan ?
What is the Capital of Albania ?
What is the Capital of Algeria ?
What is the Capital of Andorra ?
What is the Capital of Angola ?
What is the Capital of Antigua and Barbuda ?
What is the Capital of Argentina ?
What is the Capital of Armenia ?
What is the Capital of Austria ?


In brands, often there are "Since [Year]", for example since 1972.
How do you write this is Finnish? Is it Vuodesta 1972, or Vuodesta lähtien 1972?
In brands just "Vuodesta [year]" is used.


A reel holding device is provided. The device includes: a case which accommodates the plurality of component supply reels to be aligned in a direction of a reel axial line; outer circumferential support members which are built between two sides walls of the case, and support outer circumferences of the multiple component supply reels to be rotatable; and a deviation preventing member which prevents the component supply reels from deviating from the outer circumferential support members. At least one of the outer circumferential support members and the deviation preventing member is an integrated rod-like member which is built between the two side walls.
1: A reel holding device which is used being combined with a feeder device that is capable of collecting components at a supply position by sending out a component storage tape which stores each of the components in a plurality of component storage sections, and holds a plurality of component supply reels around which the component storage tapes are respectively wound to be rotatable and exchangeable, the device comprising: a case which accommodates the plurality of component supply reels to be aligned in a direction of a reel axial line; outer circumferential support members which are built between two sides walls of the case, and support outer circumferences of the plurality of component supply reels to be rotatable such that the reel axial lines are identical to each other; and a deviation preventing member which is built between the two side walls, faces the outer circumferences of the plurality of component supply reels, and prevents the component supply reels from deviating from the outer circumferential support members, wherein at least one of the outer circumferential support members and the deviation preventing member is an integrated rod-like member which has a smooth surface that abuts against the outer circumferences of the plurality of component supply reels and is built between the two side walls.
2: The reel holding device according to claim 1, wherein the integrated rod-like member is a freely rotatable rod-like roller member, and has a diameter-reducing section which is wider than a thickness of reel flanges that respectively form the component supply reels at both of end parts, and is narrower than a separation distance of the two reel flanges.
3: The reel holding device according to claim 1, wherein the outer circumferential support members and the deviation preventing member are the integrated rod-like members having the same shape, or the rod-like roller members having the same shape.
4: The reel holding device according to claim 1, wherein the deviation preventing member also functions as a tape guide member which guides the sending of the component storage tape to the feeder device.
5: The reel holding device according to claim 1, further comprising: two outer circumferential support members which support a lower part of the outer circumferences of the plurality of component supply reels to be rotatable; and a deviation preventing member which faces an upper part of the outer circumferences of the plurality of component supply reels, wherein a reel putting-in/out section which is capable of putting in and out the component supply reel with a separation distance which is greater than an outer diameter of the component supply reel, is formed between any one of the outer circumferential support members and the deviation preventing member.
6: The reel holding device according to claim 5, further comprising: two groups of two outer circumferential support members and the deviation preventing members, wherein the reel putting-in/out sections are formed in each of the two groups.
 The present disclosure relates to a reel holding device which is used being combined with a feeder device provided in a component mounting machine, and which holds a component supply reel around which a component storage tape is wound to be rotatable.
 As facilities which produce boards on which multiple components are mounted, there are a solder printing machine, a component mounting machine, a reflow machine, and a board inspection machine. It is general to configure a board production line that links the facilities to each other. The component mounting machine includes a board conveyance device, a component supply device, a component transfer device, and a control device. As a representative example of the component supply device, there is a feeder device which sends out the component storage tape which stores components in each of multiple component storage sections. A reel holding device which is combined with the feeder device, and holds a component supply reel around which the component storage tape is wound to be rotatable and exchangeable, is used. An example of the related art related to this type of reel holding device is disclosed in PTL 1.
 The component supply device of PTL 1 includes a first reel holding section which can hold multiple first reels having a narrow width corresponding to a first feeder group, and a second reel holding section which can hold a second reel having a wide width corresponding to a second feeder group. Furthermore, the second reel holding section includes one pair of rollers which are disposed to be rotatable around a rotation axial line in a width direction, and a width-direction regulating section in which multiple partition sections that protrude in the direction orthogonal to the width direction are aligned. In addition, the second reel holding section holds the second reel in a state of being placed on one pair of rollers while inserting the second reel into a partition space between the partition sections. According to this, while the multiple feeders are installed in the first and second feeder groups in a compact state, it is possible to excellently use both of the first and second reels having different widths from each other without interrupting each other.
 However, in the reel holding device of the related art starting from PTL 1, one pair of rollers support an outer circumference of the reel. In addition, not only a narrow width dimension of a roller that corresponds to one reel, but also a wide width dimension that collectively supports multiple reels, can be employed. However, in this configuration, there is a concern that a reel flange which forms the reel is meshed between the roller and a case side wall or between the rollers. When the reels are meshed and free rotation becomes impossible, sending of a component storage tape is interrupted and a component supply action is obstructed.
 Considering the problem of the above-described related art, an object of the present disclosure is to provide a reel holding device which holds a component supply reel to be stably rotatable and reliably sends out a component storage tape.
 In order to solve the above-described problem, there is provided a reel holding device of the present disclosure which is used being combined with a feeder device that is capable of collecting components at a supply position by sending out a component storage tape which stores each of the components in a plurality of component storage sections, and holds a plurality of component supply reels around which the component storage tapes are respectively wound to be rotatable and exchangeable, the device including: a case which accommodates the plurality of component supply reels to be aligned in a direction of a reel axial line; outer circumferential support members which are built between two sides walls of the case, and support outer circumferences of the plurality of component supply reels to be rotatable such that the reel axial lines are identical to each other; and a deviation preventing member which is built between the two side walls, faces the outer circumferences of the plurality of component supply reels, and prevents the component supply reels from deviating from the outer circumferential support members, in which at least one of the outer circumferential support members and the deviation preventing member is an integrated rod-like member which has a smooth surface that abuts against the outer circumferences of the plurality of component supply reels and is built between the two side walls.
 According to the reel holding device of the present disclosure, at least one of the outer circumferential support members and the deviation preventing member is an integrated rod-like member which is built between two side walls. Therefore, the multiple component supply reels abut against the outer circumference of the integrated rod-like member, and there is no concern that the reel flange is meshed between the rollers unlike the related art. Therefore, the reel holding device holds the component supply reel to be stably rotatable, and reliably sends out the component storage tape.
 FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a configuration of a reel holding device of a first embodiment.
 FIG. 2 is a side view illustrating a use state where the reel holding device of the first embodiment is combined with a feeder device.
 FIG. 3 is a plan view when a first reel holding section is viewed from above.
 FIG. 4 is an enlarged plan view illustrating a structure in the vicinity of a diameter-reducing section of a deviation preventing roller.
 FIG. 5 is a plan view when a first reel holding section of the related art is viewed from above.
 FIG. 6 is a plan view when a first reel holding section of a second embodiment is viewed from above.
 A configuration of a reel holding device 1 of a first embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. The reel holding device 1 is equipped with a feeder device 9 and a component mounting machine, and plays a role of supplying components. FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a configuration of the reel holding device 1 of the first embodiment. In FIG. 1, a front side (far right side of a paper surface) of the reel holding device 1 is disposed to oppose the feeder device 9. FIG. 2 is a side view illustrating a use state where the reel holding device 1 of the first embodiment is combined with the feeder device 9. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the reel holding device 1 is disposed on a rear lower side of the feeder device 9. The reel holding device 1 is configured of a case 2, a first reel holding section 4, a second reel holding section 5 and the like.
 The case 2 is formed to be coupled such that two side walls 31 and 32 which are long in the front-back direction are disposed to be separated from each other in parallel. In FIG. 2, the side wall 32 on a near front side is not illustrated. The first reel holding section 4 is provided to be near a front side of an inner space between the two side walls 31 and 32, and the second reel holding section 5 is provided to be near a rear side of the inner space. The separation distance of the two side walls 31 and 32 is set in accordance with the number of component supply reels 81 and 82 accommodated in the first reel holding section 4 and the second reel holding section 5. In the embodiment, in the first reel holding section 4 and the second reel holding section 5, four component supply reels 81 and 82 are respectively accommodated to be aligned in the direction of the reel axial line.
 At the upper part of the front end of the case 2, an upper mounting groove 33 which extends in the front-back direction is formed. At the lower part of the front end of the case 2, a lower mounting groove 34 which extends in the front-back direction is formed. Furthermore, a hook-like bottom section mounting groove 35 is formed to be near the rear side of the bottom section of the case 2. The upper mounting groove 33 and the bottom section mounting groove 35 are used when the reel holding device 1 is mounted on a common pallet 98 which will be described later. The lower mounting groove 34 is used together with the upper mounting groove 33 for an additional use, for example, in a case of being maintained at a storage place considering the front side of the reel holding device 1 as a lower side.
 The first reel holding section 4 is configured to include two outer circumferential support rollers 41 and 42 and one deviation preventing roller 43. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the two outer circumferential support rollers 41 and 42 are disposed to be longitudinally separated from each other near the lower part of the first reel holding section 4. The deviation preventing roller 43 is disposed on the front side near the upper part of the first reel holding section 4. The outer circumferential support rollers 41 and 42 and the deviation preventing roller 43 are cylindrical members which are long in the direction of each of the reel axial lines. The outer circumferential support rollers 41 and 42 and the deviation preventing roller 43 are being supported to be freely rotatable around shaft members 411, 421, and 431 which are respectively built between the two side walls 31 and 32.
 The separation distance between the front and rear outer circumferential support rollers 41 and 42 is smaller than the outer diameter of the component supply reel 81. Therefore, the front and rear outer circumferential support rollers 41 and 42 support the outer circumference of four component supply reels 81 to be rotatable and prevents the component supply reels from being dropped. A slight void is generated between the outer circumference of the component supply reel 81 supported by the front and rear outer circumferential support rollers 41 and 42 and the deviation preventing roller 43.
 The separation distance between the front outer circumferential support roller 41 and the deviation preventing roller 43 is smaller than the outer diameter of the component supply reel 81. Accordingly, deviation of the component supply reel 81 to the front side is prevented. The separation distance between the rear outer circumferential support roller 42 and the deviation preventing roller 43 is greater than the outer diameter of the component supply reel 8. Therefore, the component supply reel 81 can be put in between the rear outer circumferential support roller 42 and the deviation preventing roller 43 diagonally from the upper part of the rear part. In other words, a reel putting-in/out section 44 is formed between the outer circumferential support roller 42 and the deviation preventing roller 43.
 The second reel holding section 5 is positioned at the rear part of the first reel holding section 4. The second reel holding section 5 is configured to include two outer circumferential support rollers 51 and 52, a deviation preventing roller 53, and a tape guide roller 54. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the two outer circumferential support rollers 51 and 52 are disposed to be longitudinally separated from each other near the lower part of the second reel holding section 5. The deviation preventing roller 53 is disposed on the front side near the upper part of the second reel holding section 5. The tape guide roller 54 is disposed on the rear side near the upper part of the second reel holding section 5. Each of the rollers 51 to 54 is respectively a cylindrical member which is long in the axial line direction. Each of the rollers 51 to 54 is supported to be freely rotatable around shaft members 511, 521, 531, and 541 which are respectively built between the two side walls 31 and 32.
 The separation distance between the front and rear outer circumferential support rollers 51 and 52 is smaller than the outer diameter of the component supply reel 82. Therefore, the front and rear outer circumferential support rollers 51 and 52 support the outer circumference of four component supply reels 82 to be rotatable and prevents the component supply reels from being dropped. The separation distance between the front outer circumferential support roller 51 and the deviation preventing roller 53 is smaller than the outer diameter of the component supply reel 82. Accordingly, the component supply reel 82 is prevented from being deviated to the front part and from interrupting the front component supply reel 81. The separation distance between the rear outer circumferential support roller 52 and the tape guide roller 54 is greater than the outer diameter of the component supply reel 82. Accordingly, it is possible to put in the component supply reel 82 between outer circumferential support roller 52 and the tape guide roller 54 from the rear part, and the reel putting-in/out section 55 is formed therebetween.
 Here, the four outer circumferential support rollers 41, 42, 51, and 52, and the two deviation preventing rollers 43 and 53 correspond to the integrated rod-like member of the present disclosure, and correspond to the freely rotatable rod-like roller member of the present disclosure. Furthermore, members having the same shape are used as the four outer circumferential support rollers 41, 42, 51, and 52, the two deviation preventing rollers 43 and 53, and the tape guide roller 54. Similarly, members having the same shape are also used as the shaft members 411, 421, 511, 521, 431, 531, and 541 which support the rollers 41, 42, 51, 52, 43, 53, and 54. Hereinafter, a specific shape will be described by selecting the deviation preventing roller 43 and the shaft member 431 of the first reel holding section 4 as a representative member having the same shape.
 FIG. 3 is a plan view when the first reel holding section 4 is viewed from above. The deviation preventing roller 43 supported by the shaft member 431 has diameter-reducing sections 432 at both of the end parts respectively. Since an outer circumferential surface except for the diameter-reducing section 432 of the deviation preventing roller 43 abuts against the outer circumference of the component supply reel 81, the outer circumferential surface can be made as a smooth cylindrical surface. FIG. 4 is an enlarged plan view illustrating a structure in the vicinity of the diameter-reducing section 432 of the deviation preventing roller 43. As illustrated in FIG. 4, the diameter-reducing sections 432 are formed on both sides of a step section 433 at which the outer diameter of the roller suddenly becomes small. Not being limited thereto, the diameter-reducing section 432 may have a tapered shape of which the outer diameter of the roller gradually becomes small, or a round chamfered shape obtained by performing chamfering processing with respect to the end part of the roller.
 As illustrated in FIG. 3, the component supply reels 81 are formed to be substantially rotational symmetric to each other around a reel axial line AX. The component supply reels 81 are formed as disk-like reel flanges 84 having a large diameter are respectively fixed to both end surfaces of cylindrical reel axis 83 having a small diameter. Although not illustrated in FIG. 3, a component storage tape 85 is wound around a space 89 around the reel axis 83 between two reel flanges 84. As illustrated in FIG. 4, a thickness of reel flange 84 is T and a separation distance between two reel flanges 84 is D.
 A width dimension W in the reel axial line AX direction of the diameter-reducing section 432 of the deviation preventing roller 43 is wider than the thickness T of the reel flange 84, and is narrower than the separation distance D between two reel flanges 84. Therefore, in two component supply reels 81B and 81C near the center in the reel axial line direction, two reel flanges 84 can commonly abut against the deviation preventing roller 43. Meanwhile, in two component supply reels 81A and 81D near the end part in the reel axial line direction, a reel flange 84M at the center can abut against the deviation preventing roller 43, but cannot abut against the deviation preventing roller 43 since a reel flange 84N on the end part side faces the diameter-reducing section 432.
 Next, a use method of the reel holding device 1 will be described together with a configuration of the common pallet 98 and the feeder device 9. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the reel holding device 1 is used being mounted on the common pallet 98 together with the feeder device 9. The common pallet 98 is installed to be attachable to and detachable from the component mounting machine which is not illustrated. Not being limited thereto, the common pallet 98 may be fixedly installed in the component mounting machine. The common pallet 98 is configured of a feeder mounting section 981 and a reel mounting section 982. The feeder mounting section 981 is formed as an erect part is provided on the front side of a substantially rectangular plane part, and has a substantially L shape when viewed from the side. At the flat surface section of the feeder mounting section 981, slots which are not illustrated and extend in the front-back direction are engraved to be aligned in the width direction. The multiple feeder devices 9 which are thin in the width direction are respectively inserted toward a front vertical part from the rear part of the slots, and are mounted thereon.
 The feeder device 9 has a tape insertion port 91 in the vicinity of a medium-height part of the rear end, and has an insertion lever 92 near the upper part of the rear end. By lifting up the insertion lever 92, it is possible to insert first and second component storage tapes 85 and 86 into the tape insertion port 91 in order. A feeding rail 93 is installed toward the upper part of the front end from the tape insertion port 91 of the feeder device 9. On an upper face in the vicinity of the front end of the feeding rail 93, a supply position 94 is set.
 Above the vicinity of the rear end of the sending-out rail 93, a tape control section 95 is provided. The tape control section 95 allows the sending of the inserted first component storage tape 85, and makes the inserted second component storage tape 86 on standby. In addition, when the first component storage tape 85 is not provided, the tape control section 95 automatically allows the sending of the second component storage tape 86. Therefore, the splicing work of connecting the first and second component storage tapes 85 and 86 becomes unnecessary. A specific configuration of the tape control section 95 is disclosed, for example, in JP-A-2014-82454. The feeder device 9 is provided with a tape feeding mechanism which is not illustrated and is configured of a servomotor or a sprocket or the like, and sends out the component storage tapes 85 and 86 to the supply position 94 along the feeding rail 93.
 The reel mounting section 982 of the common pallet 98 is configured of two arm members 983, a front bridge plate 984, and a rear bridge plate 985 and the like. One or multiple attachment devices 99 are fixed to the reel mounting section 982. Specifically, the two arm members 983 are respectively fixed to the rear parts on both sides in the width direction of the feeder mounting section 981. The arm members 983 are formed to, first, extend horizontally rearward, then, extend being inclined rearward and downward, and finally, extend horizontally rearward. The front bridge plate 984 is built across to link inclined parts of the two arm members 983 to each other. The rear bridge plate 985 is built across to link horizontal parts at the rear part of the two arm members 983.
 The attachment device 99 is configured of a front bottom plate 991, a rear bottom plate 992, two side plates 993, an upper mounting rod 994, and a bottom section mounting rod 995 and the like. The front bottom plate 991 can be screwed to the inclined upper side of the front bridge plate 984. The rear bottom plate 992 can be screwed to the upper side of the rear bridge plate 985. Two side plates 993 stand upward from both ends in the width direction of the front bottom plate 991 and the rear bottom plate 992. In FIG. 2, the side plate 993 on the near front side of the paper surface is omitted. The upper mounting rod 994 is provided to be horizontal to the width direction to link the front upper parts of the two side plates 993 to each other. The bottom section mounting rod 995 is provided to be horizontal to the width direction to link the rear lower parts of the two side plates 993 to each other. The size in the width direction of the attachment device 99 is not limited, and the attachment devices 99 may be respectively individually provided for the multiple reel holding devices 1, and may be commonly provided for the plurality of reel holding devices 1.
 In the mounting work of the reel holding device 1, an operator makes the reel holding device 1 advance toward the attachment device 99 from the rear part, and makes the upper mounting rod 994 engaged with the upper mounting groove 33. In addition, the operator returns the rear part of the reel holding device 1 slightly rearward while pressing the rear part, and makes the bottom section mounting rod 995 fitted to a far part of the hook-like bottom section mounting groove 35. The operator operates a lock member which is not illustrated, and fixes and mounts the reel holding device 1 to the attachment device 99. Then, the operator screws and fixes the attachment device 99 to the front bridge plate 984 and the rear bridge plate 985, and finishes the mounting work. In addition, as another method, a method of mounting the reel holding device 1 onto the attachment device 99 which is already fixed to the reel mounting section 982, may be employed.
 As illustrated in FIG. 2, the reel holding device 1 is mounted at a position which is lower than the feeder mounting section 981. Accordingly, attachment and detachment work of the feeder device 9 is performed regardless of whether or not the reel holding device 1 or the attachment device 99 is mounted. Meanwhile, in a state where the feeder device 9 is mounted, any of exchange work of the attachment device 99 to which the reel holding device 1 is fixed, exchange work of only the reel holding device 1, and exchange work of only the component supply reels 81 and 82, is possible.
 Therefore, in setup changing work when changing a plurality of types of components to be supplied by switching the type of the board to be produced, the attachment device 99 or the reel holding device 1 may be exchanged, and it is not necessary to attach or detach the feeder device 9.
 After mounting the reel holding device 1, the operator draws out the first component storage tape 85 from the component supply reel 81 of the first reel holding section 4, and inserts the first component storage tape 85 into the tape insertion port 91 of the feeder device 9 through the rear side and the upper side of the deviation preventing roller 43. Next, the operator draws out the second component storage tape 86 from the component supply reel 82 of the second reel holding section 5, and inserts the second component storage tape 86 into the tape insertion port 91 of the feeder device 9 through the rear side and the upper side of the tape guide roller 54. Then, the two component storage tapes 85 and 86 are sent out while being in contact with the deviation preventing roller 43 and the tape guide roller 54 respectively, and are oriented toward the tape insertion port 91. As can be ascertained from the description, the deviation preventing roller 43 also functions as a tape guide member.
 When the sending of the first component storage tape 85 is started by the feeder device 9, a sending-out force acts on the component storage tape 85 in the first reel holding section 4. Accordingly, the component storage tape 85 delivered to the feeder device 9 makes the component supply reel 81 float from the outer circumferential support rollers 41 and 42 and deviated. However, since the outer circumference of the component supply reel 81 abuts against the deviation preventing roller 43, the component supply reel 81 is prevented from deviating.
 In addition, when the first component storage tape 85 is sent out to the final end and the components run out in a certain feeder device in the middle of producing the board, the operator detaches the component supply reel 81 from the first reel holding section 4, and moves the component supply reel 82 of the second reel holding section 5 to the first reel holding section 4. Next, the operator puts a new component supply reel 82 into the second reel holding section 5, and inserts the tip end of the new component storage tape 86 into the tape insertion port 91 of the feeder device 9. By repeating this, component replenishment work when the components run out is easily performed.
 Next, an operation of the reel holding device 1 of the first embodiment will be described compared to the related art. FIG. 5 is a plan view when a first reel holding section 4X of the related art is viewed from above. In the related art, deviation preventing rollers 49 are individually provided in order to reduce friction when the component supply reel 81 rotates. In other words, four deviation preventing rollers 49 which are slightly longer than the separation distance D between the reel flanges 84 are aligned in the direction of the reel axial line, and are supported by the shaft member 431.
 In this configuration, there is a concern that the reel flange 84 is meshed between the deviation preventing roller 49 and the side walls 31 and 32, or between the deviation preventing rollers 49. When the reel flange 84 is meshed, the component supply reel 81 floats up starting from the meshing position, the sending of the component storage tape 85 is interrupted, and excellent component supply is obstructed. Similarly, in the related art, the outer circumferential support rollers which are not illustrated are also individually provided in each of the component supply reels 81. Therefore, there is a concern that the reel flange 84 is meshed between the outer circumferential support rollers and the side walls 31 and 32, or between the outer circumferential support rollers. When the reel flange 84 is meshed and cannot freely rotate, the sending of the component storage tape 85 is interrupted, and excellent component supply is obstructed.
 Meanwhile, in the reel holding device 1 of the first embodiment, the deviation preventing roller 43 is an integrated member, and thus, the reel flanges 84, 84M, and 84N cannot be meshed between the rollers. In addition, even when a void is generated between the deviation preventing roller 43 and the side walls 31 and 32, the diameter-reducing section 432 is provided in the deviation preventing roller 43, and thus, there is not a case where the reel flange 84N on the end part side is meshed with the void. The operation of preventing the reel flanges 84, 84M, and 84N from being meshed, is similarly generated in the front and rear outer circumferential support rollers 41 and 42. Therefore, the first reel holding section 4 can stably hold the four component supply reels 81 to be rotatable. Similarly, the second reel holding section 5 also can stably hold the four component supply reels 82 to be rotatable.
 There is provided the reel holding device 1 of the first embodiment which is used being combined with the feeder device 9 that is capable of collecting components at the supply position 94 by sending out the component storage tapes 85 and 86 which store each of the components in multiple component storage sections, and holds the multiple component supply reels 81 and 82 around which the component storage tapes 85 and 86 are respectively wound to be rotatable and exchangeable, the device including: the case 2 which accommodates the multiple component supply reels 81 and 82 to be aligned in a direction of the reel axial line AX; the outer circumferential support rollers 41, 42, 51, and 52 which are built between the two sides walls 31 and 32 of the case 2, and support the outer circumferences of the multiple component supply reels 81 and 82 to be rotatable such that the reel axial lines AX are identical to each other; and the deviation preventing rollers 43 and 53 which are built between the two side walls 31 and 32, face outer circumferences of the multiple component supply reels 81 and 82, and prevent the component supply reels 81 and from deviating from the outer circumferential support rollers 41, 42, 51, and 52, in which the outer circumferential support rollers 41, 42, 51, and 52 and the deviation preventing rollers 43 and 53 are integrated rod-like members which have a smooth surface that abuts against the outer circumferences of the multiple component supply reels 81 and 82 and are built between the two side walls 31 and 32.
 According to this, the outer circumferential support rollers 41, 42, 51, and 52 and the deviation preventing rollers 43 and 53 are integrated rod-like members which are built between the two side walls 31 and 32. Therefore, the multiple component supply reels 81 and 82 abut against the outer circumference of the integrated outer circumferential support rollers 41, 42, 51, and 52 and the deviation preventing rollers 43 and 53, and there is no concern that the reel flange 84 is meshed between the rollers as described in the related art. Therefore, the reel holding device 1 stably holds the component supply reels 81 and 82 to be rotatable, and reliably sends out the component storage tapes 85 and 86. In addition, the multiple deviation preventing rollers 49 provided in each of the component supply reels 81 and 82 in the related art are integrated deviation preventing roller 43, and similarly, the outer circumferential support rollers 41, 42, 51, and 52 are also an integrated member, and thus, the number of members is reduced, and cost reduction is achieved.
 Furthermore, the outer circumferential support rollers 41, 42, 51, and 52 and the deviation preventing rollers 43 and 53 are freely rotatable rod-like roller members, and have the diameter-reducing section 432 whose width dimension W is wider than the thickness T of the reel flanges 84 that respectively form the component supply reels 81 and 82 at both of end parts, and is narrower than a separation distance D of the two reel flanges 84.
 According to this, even when the void is generated between the outer circumferential support rollers 41, 42, 51, and 52 and the deviation preventing rollers 43 and 53, and the side walls 31 and 32, there is no concern that the reel flange 84N on the end section side is meshed with the void. This is because the component supply reels 81A and 81D near the end part are in a state where the reel flange 84N on the end part side floats to face the diameter-reducing section 432, and is received on one side only in the reel flange 84M on the center side or abuts against one side. Therefore, the reel holding device 1 can much more reliably hold the component supply reels 81 and 82 to be stably rotatable.
 Furthermore, the outer circumferential support rollers 41, 42, 51, and 52 and the deviation preventing rollers 43 and 53 have the same shape. In addition, the shaft members 411, 421, 511, 521, 431, 531, and 541 which support the rollers 41, 42, 51, 52, 43, and 53 also have the same shape. Therefore, the number of types of the member is reduced, and cost reduction is achieved.
 Furthermore, the deviation preventing roller 43 also functions as the tape guide member which guides the sending of the first component storage tape 85 to the feeder device 9. According to this, a feeding path of the component storage tape 85 is stabilized, and the component storage tape 85 is much more reliably sent out. In addition, since the dedicated tape guide member is not necessary, the number of members is reduced, and cost reduction is achieved.
 Furthermore, the two outer circumferential support rollers 41 and 42 which support the lower part of the outer circumferences of the multiple component supply reels 81 to be rotatable, and the deviation preventing roller 43 which faces the upper part of the outer circumferences of the multiple component supply reels 81 are provided, and the reel putting-in/out section 44 which is provided at the separation distance that is greater than the outer diameter of the component supply reel 81 and can put in and out the component supply reel 81 is formed between the outer circumferential support roller 42 on the rear side and the deviation preventing roller 43. According to this, since it is possible to exchange only the component supply reel 81 without detaching the reel holding device 1 from the common pallet 98, and labor and time for the component replenishment work are reduced.
 Furthermore, the first reel holding section 4 and the second reel holding section 5 configured of two outer circumferential support rollers 41, 42, 51, and 52 and the deviation preventing rollers 43 and 53 are provided, and the reel putting-in/out sections 44 and 55 are formed in each of the two groups of reel holding sections 4 and 5. According to this, by using the reel holding device 1 and the feeder device 9 unnecessary for the splicing work after combining the devices with each other, labor and time for the component replenishment work are further reduced.
 Next, a reel holding device of the second embodiment will be described mainly focusing on difference from the first embodiment. A main configuration of the reel holding device of the second embodiment is similar to that of the first embodiment, and is configured of the case, a first reel holding section 4A, and a second reel holding section and the like. FIG. 6 is a plan view when the first reel holding section 4A of the second embodiment is viewed from above. In the second embodiment, instead of the deviation preventing roller 43 and the shaft member 431, a deviation preventing rod 46 is used.
 The deviation preventing rod 46 is an integrated rod-like member having a constant outer diameter. Both of the end parts of the deviation preventing rod 46 are fitted and locked to locking holes 33 and 34 which are respectively drilled on both of the side walls 31 and 32. Therefore, the deviation preventing rod 46 does not rotate. In addition, there is not a case where a void is generated between the deviation preventing rod 46 and the side walls 31 and 32, and there is no concern that the reel flange 84N on the end part side is meshed unlike the related art.
 In addition, in the first reel holding section 4A, instead of the outer circumferential support rollers 41 and 42, a reel holding rod having the same shape as that of the deviation preventing rod 46 is used. Furthermore, the deviation preventing rod 46 and the reel holding rod are also used in the second reel holding section. In other words, in the second embodiment, a void between the members with which the reel flange 84 is meshed, is eliminated. Therefore, the reel holding device of the second embodiment holds the component supply reels 81 and 82 to be stably rotatable, and reliably sends out the component storage tapes 85 and 86.
 In addition, in the first embodiment, an aspect in which a recessed section or a hole section is provided in the two side walls 31 and 32, and both ends of the outer circumferential support rollers 41, 42, 51, and 52 and the deviation preventing rollers 43 and 53 which do not include the diameter-reducing section 432 go into the recessed part or the hole part to be rotatable may be employed. In addition, in the first and second embodiments, the number of reels which are respectively held by the first reel holding sections 4 and 4A and the second reel holding section 5, is not limited to 4, and can be changed from 2 to the total number of feeder devices 9. In addition, the number of attachment devices 99 which are fixed between two supporting boards 986 of the common pallet 98, or the number of reel holding devices 1 mounted on each of the attachment devices 99, can also be changed. Furthermore, corresponding to the feeder device which can perform the splicing work, a reel holding device only having the first reel holding sections 4 and 4A without providing the second reel holding section 5, can also be employed. In addition to this, the present disclosure can be applied or deformed in various manners.


CONSERVATIVE councillors in Coventry have said they are ‘appalled’ by the Labour-run Council’s failure to reimburse 13,000 drivers who were wrongly fined for driving through bus gates in the city.
To date, only 400 of the 13,000 motorists – just three per cent – have been refunded the £30 penalty fee (or higher £60 fee if it was not paid within 14 days) after it emerged earlier this year that the bus gates were wrongly sign-posted.
Tim Mayer, Tory councillor for Westwood, has hit out at the Council’s unwillingness to write to each motorist individually, making them aware of the refund they are due.
He argues the council should ‘do the right thing by hardworking taxpayers’ and be more proactive in giving people back their money.
Coun Mayer added: “Coventry Conservatives are pleased that the council agreed to refund each affected driver, but I have urged the council to change its policy.
Coun Mayer’s calls come after the Observer learnt that York and Bath Councils wrote to the 13,000 and 9,000 drivers, respectively, who they had wrongly fined for using bus gate or bus lanes – explaining the situation and advising them of their right to apply for a refund.
“I want our council to follow the example of Councils such as York and Bath to ensure that it writes to all effected drivers explaining the situation and advising them of their right to apply for a refund,” Coun Mayer explained.
The illegal fines arose after drivers were caught driving through bus gates – designated sections of road for buses and taxis only at Park Road, Greyfriars Green and Gosford Street – between between December 10, 2015 and April 21, 2016 and fined nearly £400,000 collectively by Coventry City Council.
Council figures, released earlier this year, revealed 1,780 drivers were caught driving through the Park Road bus gate at the interchange with Quinton Road; 9,099 issued penalty charge notices (PCNs) for driving down Warwick Road near Greyfriars Green; and 2,403 motorists caught at the Gosford Street bus gate.
The bus gate signs were initially installed in August 2014, and were re-authorised by the DfT on December 10 last year.
But the Department of Transport (DfT) made a technical error and wrongly de-authorised the signs – meaning any motorist who had been fined for driving through a bus gate between December 10, 2015 and April 21, 2016 had been wrongly charged and is due a refund.


I keep reading about exam papers with wrong answers. I'm sure a lot of smart people wasted time trying to work out the correct answer, but I'm fed up of reading things like "the time I lost spent on that question could possibly have cost me a university place". If the question was worth 1 out of 425 marks available, such as in this latest case, then it won't significantly affect your result as long as you didn't spend too long on that question. The really smart people would realise that either they didn't know how to work it out or decide that all of the answers were all wrong and move on to other questions so they didn't waste (for example) 20% of the exam time on a question worth 0.2% of the exam.


El canal de Panamá es considerado una de las maravillas del mundo. Le ha costado sangre a través de nuestra historia a los panameños recuperar su administración y soberanía.
El problema de la ACP no es solo de la presente administración, este problema viene de administraciones pasadas. Y que hoy, toda la basura de las administraciones y su pésima gestión esta saliendo a flote.
Entre estos problemas los presupuestos adquiridos para la construcción de la última esclusa el cual no reúne la calidad esperada y deseada en su infra estructura ya que tiene problemas de filtraciones.
En la actualidad aun no se determina con exactitud si está, quedo reparada del todo o solo por el momento.
Desde cuando la autoridad del canal de Panamá esta violando los Derechos Ambientales a través de las construcciones, de las esclusas, proyectos e infra estructuras?
Desde hace varias administraciones pasadas, ya que son empresarios, comerciantes, quienes lo administran y ven todo como negocio sin tomar en cuenta que el ambiente es un recurso invaluable que se puede agotar.
La contaminación a nivel ambiental y la destrucción de nuestros recursos naturales han aumentado a gran escala en las 3 ultimas décadas, sin que nuestros gobiernos tomen medidas extremas para la preservación de nuestras riquezas.
Hoy día vemos la cantidad de ríos, lagos y hasta lo que forma parte de nuestro territorio oceánico contaminado a gran escala.
A eso, le agregamos la falta de conciencia ciudadana, el poco interés por la educación del tema y la falta de medidas legales ambientales que se deben aplicar.
Una de las inconciencias mas grandes fue la aprobación de los culecos en el carnaval 2016, solo por política y mantener contentos a las masas que hoy día son los primeros en quejarse, cerrar calles, protestar cuando nuestros gobiernos por falta de capacidad para resolver este tipo de problemas de escases de agua no brinda ni respuestas, ni soluciones concretas efectivas para todos.
El agua es uno de los tres recursos mas importantes e invaluables de la humanidad.
Para desarrollar proyectos alrededor del Canal de Panamá, hay que cumplir con una serie de normas ambientales, ya establecidas.
Cada vez vemos a mas políticos sin planes de gobierno aspirando a puestos y al poder para lucrar, sin conocimiento científico y sin responsabilidad social, manipulando las leyes y creándolas a su beneficio.
Existen normas nacionales e internacionales que nos obligan a respetar el medioambiente, pero estas no se cumplen, las ignoran, las ocultan porque no la exponen para conocimiento publico.
Uno, no juega con los recursos del país, del Estado, El Canal de Panamá es una de las maravillas del mundo, tenemos que cuidarlo puesto que es de todos los panameños, el Canal de Panamá no pertenece a ningún gobierno, a ninguna administración, a nadie pudiente de ningún apellido, que recuerden que solo son administradores, todos formamos parte del Canal y nos costo históricamente recuperarlo, no esta en venta, no es una empresa privada, el agua no esta en venta, no es un negocio, y todos dependemos de ello. Señores el Karma social y político existe, creas o no, en él.
The twin factors of cellular overcapacity and rock-bottom bunker costs have, over the past year, led carriers to divert multiple sailings away from the world’s two principal trade arteries and reroute vessels around the southern African cape.
Its six-month report for the second half of 2015 quoted analysis from SeaIntel (portoverviw.com co-owner), which showed that since the end of October 2015, 115 vessels deployed on Asia-USEC and Asia-North Europe services have made the back-haul trip to Asia by sailing round the Cape of Good Hope rather than through the canals despite using them on the headhaul legs.
Three of these vessels were deployed on Asia-North Europe services, while the remaining 112 were returning to Asia from the US east coast.
“Normally, 78 of those voyages would have gone through the Suez Canal, and as 53 of the voyages were in 2015, it would have meant that the number of container vessel passing the Suez Canal in 2015 would ‘only’ have decreased by 1.9% year-on-year, instead of the reported 2.8%. The other 37 vessels would normally have passed through the Panama Canal,” portoverview.com said.
“SeaIntel concludes that both the canals face a significant challenge in the current low bunker price, as it means that for many services it is cheaper to sail south of Africa on the backhaul than to use the canal routings,” it added.
It is even viable for sailings from North Europe to Asia to route via South Africa, “if the intermediate calls were dropped or switched to other services”, it said.
There is a further, compelling, reason for carriers to route via South Africa: in addition to avoiding canal transit fees, the elongated sailing route, which adds another week to transit times, could potentially “soak up” between 60-80 vessels, of which half would be ultra-large container vessels, and take out some of the industry overcapacity which is causing freight rate volatility.
Not everyone sees the artistic potential in the current construction of a new Tappan Zee Bridge. But Bartholomew F. Bland does.
Mr. Bland’s enthusiasm for scaffolding, hard hats, winches and pulleys can be explained by a visit to “Oh Panama! Jonas Lie Paints the Panama Canal,” an exhibition that began in February and runs through May 8 at the museum in Yonkers.
The exhibition, curated by Mr. Bland and Kirsten Jensen, chief curator of the James A. Michener Art Museum in Doylestown, Pa., where the show will travel next, follows a burst of creative energy that gripped Mr. Lie (pronounced “Lee”), a New York landscape artist, in 1913. Giving Mr. Lie’s painting spree liftoff was a documentary on the near-completed Panama Canal.
“Lie went to a New York movie house and saw a very, very early color movie called ‘The Making of the Panama Canal’ toward the end of 1912. He was so intrigued by it he was convinced he had to get there,” Mr. Bland said on a recent tour. A 1913 book of hand-colored photographs illustrating images Mr. Lie might have seen in the film — massive machines entrenched in muck and mosquitoes thousands of miles from civilization, terracelike steps down to a 40-foot deep canal bed where men laid tracks and placed dynamite — is among a few dozen artifacts arranged in glass cases in the show. So is a postcard that was on sale to Panama City tourists that shows Hercules prying open the earth.
Mr. Lie, who was born in Norway in 1880 and died in New York in 1940, was not the only one who packed his bags and his paintbrushes and headed to Panama to witness what is still considered one of humankind’s most ambitious feats of engineering.
For those with a tenuous grip on the history, a primer: The construction of the 48-mile Panama Canal across the Isthmus of Panama linked the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. France began the project in 1881, but it was taken over by the United States in 1904 after tropical diseases including malaria flattened French work crews, killing more than 20,000 people and bankrupting the project.
The building of the canal was undertaken to allow ships to avoid the lengthy Cape Horn route around the southernmost tip of South America, creating a shorter route to the West Coast of the United States and to countries in and around the Pacific Ocean; those ports and countries could then be better integrated into the world economy. The United States, propelled by the determination of President Theodore Roosevelt, took a decade to build the $639 million canal, employing a total of 56,000 workers for the job. It was officially opened in August 1914 (though it, like the Tappan Zee, is also busy with construction; the Panama Canal Expansion Project, which will open a third, wider lane of locks, is expected to be completed this year).
For Mr. Lie, the near-completed canal of 1913 presented an opportunity to build on a budding reputation as an artist of the moment.
Mr. Lie made roughly 30 paintings during the three months he spent in Panama, but the artwork wasn’t unprecedented. A book of views by Joseph Pennell, “Building the Panama Canal,” had been published in 1913 after Mr. Pennell visited the site in 1912.
“At first Lie thought Pennell had covered the territory” with his book of black-and-white lithographs, Mr. Bland said. But he came to realize the book was more reportage than art, and convinced himself that the visual story of the Panama Canal had to be told in color.
“Oh Panama!” collects 14 of Mr. Lie’s man-versus-nature-themed Panama Canal paintings, including “The Conquerors,” on loan for this exhibition from the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The 60-inch-by-50-inch work is the centerpiece of the show, depicting part of a nine-mile stretch of mountains being blasted away by dynamite.
“It looks like hell, like an inferno,” Mr. Bland said of the painting. “There’s all this black smoke.” Blues, whites and earth tones surrounding the smoke and machines are vivid, though, demonstrating Mr. Lie’s painterly skill.
Eleven of the paintings, including “Heavenly Host,” in which buckets of concrete hover in the sky before being dropped to workers below, were lent by the West Point Museum at the United States Military Academy.
“They ended up there because of General Goethals’s involvement with the military,” Mr. Bland said, referring to George W. Goethals, eponym of a New York bridge, who was chief engineer of the canal, appointed by Roosevelt in 1907. “He knew Lie and admired his work.” In 1928, an anonymous donor bought the series and presented the paintings to the academy “in memory of the West Pointer who, as chief engineer, was most potent in channeling the isthmus,” a notice in Time magazine read.
Mr. Lie’s Panama Canal series has never been shown as a complete group. “They’re usually rotated in and out, one at a time, at West Point, because they’re not really set up for fine-art appreciation there,” Mr. Bland said. That makes the Yonkers show, which also includes three lithographs on paper borrowed from Vesterheim: The National Norwegian-American Museum and Heritage Center in Decorah, Iowa, especially important to an admittedly small group of potential visitors: Jonas Lie fans.


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This article describe about Override Text in Existing word document.
In This type of insertion mode text will be inserted but same time it overwrite on the content that comes in this way, does not move existing content left.
Step (1): Right click on the status bar and select overtype in display menu.
Note: After click on the overtype text in display menu. Insert mode show in the status bar.
Step (2): Click on the Insert text available in the status bar. For this switch in the overtype mode.
Step (3): Now click on the location where you want to insert the text or move on that location through arrow key of keyboard.
Step (4): Start typing text that you want to insert. Word will be override existing text without moving left.


Weird opportunity has arisen for the frame.
Iwould need forks, everything from my ht could come across whichwould cover me.
Ah yes, but I'm well noobish in the world of FS. I think I need the warm cuddle of sketchy to guide me through. Considering the 06 frame was meant to be awesome then the 08 frame in black should be almost a sexual encounter in the biking department?
Il have approx 150 left for a fork, but wouldn't mind new mechs and shitters though! Argh!
"BMJBOY" Wrote: Ah yes, but I'm well noobish in the world of FS. I think I need the warm cuddle of sketchy to guide me through. Considering the 06 frame was meant to be awesome then the 08 frame in black should be almost a sexual encounter in the biking department?
I believe the Trance X is 120mm travel? If so you could get away with running your current 100mm forks until you can get some 120's or 130's, but it will be a bit steep, so you'll want to get some new forks asap. The Meistro suspension system is one of the best designs around so you can't go wrong in that department, what the 08 has been marked down for in most of the reviews i have read is the geometry and the short top tube, which results in a cramped cockpit. Most reviews advise that you go up a frame size to avoid running stupidly long stems to get the correct riding position, so my advice would be to go to a Giant dealer and try a few different sizes out before committing. I am pretty sure the 06/07 frames had a longer top tube, but i am not certain on this. The steep head angle can be cured by fitting a longer fork, i believe you can run up to 140mm on the X without invalidating the warrantee.
"BMJBOY" Wrote: Il have approx 150 left for a fork, but wouldn't mind new mechs and shitters though! Argh!
I don't know a lot about the Trance X other than i think its longer travel htan the Trance. Not 100% though and i've never seen one let along ridden one!
"BMJBOY" Wrote: Ah yes, but I'm well noobish in the world of FS. I think I need the warm cuddle of sketchy to guide me through.
"BMJBOY" Wrote: Considering the 06 frame was meant to be awesome then the 08 frame in black should be almost a sexual encounter in the biking department?
Agreed ;D.... Apart from the fella on the bottom right that seems to be cuddling the grimacing guy!!!!
"Treehugger" Wrote: I believe the Trance X is 120mm travel? If so you could get away with running your current 100mm forks until you can get some 120's or 130's, but it will be a bit steep, so you'll want to get some new forks asap. The Meistro suspension system is one of the best designs around so you can't go wrong in that department, what the 08 has been marked down for in most of the reviews i have read is the geometry and the short top tube, which results in a cramped cockpit. Most reviews advise that you go up a frame size to avoid running stupidly long stems to get the correct riding position, so my advice would be to go to a Giant dealer and try a few different sizes out before committing. I am pretty sure the 06/07 frames had a longer top tube, but i am not certain on this. The steep head angle can be cured by fitting a longer fork, i believe you can run up to 140mm on the X without invalidating the warrantee.
Its is 120mm travel yes, I think I will get new forks straight away (or nearly new bargain on Ebay) - My current ones would be an insult to my possibly new steed!
The 08's had great reviews from what Ive found(?) - Most dropped points due to the lower BB - but otherwise, glowing reports.
Im trying to sort it, whereby I dont butcher my XTC to get a frame only up and running - Would be good to have a HT backup bike.
I will look at the geometry from the past few seasons of Trances - however, I was in 2 minds over the SMALL which cropped up a few weeks ago, the one Im looking at is MED, and if it comes up a little small, then I should be OK.


Richmond, Virginia: Virginia's embattled Democratic governor, Ralph Northam, vowed in an interview on Monday not to resign over revelations that he wore blackface at a 1980s party, as a web of scandals enveloped three top state Democratic officials.
A Democratic state politician, meanwhile, said on Twitter that he would not move immediately on his call over the weekend for impeachment proceedings against Virginia's lieutenant governor, Justin Fairfax, who has been accused of sexually assaulting two women, charges he has denied.
The accusations of racist behaviour or sexual assault - hot button issues in a party that has embraced diversity as one of its key messages - targeting the three men have rattled party leadership in a swing state that likely will play a pivotal role in the 2020 US presidential election.
Party leaders in the state and across the nation have now called for Northam and Fairfax to resign over their separate accusations.
They have been more forgiving of Attorney-General Mark Herring, largely because he came forward on his own to admit having performed in blackface at a 1980 college party, rather than waiting for someone else to accuse him.
The Democratic state politican, Patrick Hope, who said he might ask the state house to begin discussing impeaching Fairfax if he did not resign signalled on Monday that he was in no rush to act.
"Yesterday I sent draft language to my colleagues on the first step of an impeachment action regarding the Lt. Governor," he said on Twitter. "There has been an enormous amount of sincere and thoughtful feedback which has led to additional conversations that need to take place before anything is filed."
In a series of tweets he said that he believed Fairfax's two accusers but wanted legislators to "build more consensus on a path forward".
Northam initially apologised for being in the photo then, the following day, staged a bizarre press conference where he denied being in that picture but admitted to dressing in blackface for a social event that same year.
On Monday, he said he was "in a state of shock" and mistakenly took responsibility for the image because he had never seen it before, even though it was on his yearbook page.
But then he said he took another look at the picture and realised that neither man in the picture was him.
He said everything happens for a reason, which is why he plans to dedicate the rest of his tenure as governor to policies aimed at helping his black constituents.
Blackface traces its history to 19th-century "minstrel" shows that mocked African-Americans and is seen as offensive by many Americans.
Fairfax has said that encounters with both women were consensual. On Sunday, a spokeswoman for the Fairfax said he was "aggressively exploring options for a thorough, independent, and impartial investigation" of the allegations.


Note: This story makes reference to the Binding of Isaac story in the Bible, Genesis chapter 22. You can find it online here.
Part of what makes Congregation Beth Adam and OurJewishCommunity.org unique is our willingness to change – we are not stuck on the past – or stuck to tradition for its own sake. In fact, while we recognize and respect our people’s past and appreciate that our ancestors created rituals and behaviors that spoke to their generation – we also realize that what they crafted may not speak to us as modern Jews. And so, it is incumbent on each of us to not simply walk away from our heritage; rather, we must reshape the old or craft something new. It is our responsibility – to continually revitalize our expressions of Judaism.
So now for one piece of tradition to which our congregation no longer adheres. For years, Congregation Beth Adam read the Binding of Isaac (Genesis chapter 22, called the Akedah in Hebrew) on Rosh Hashanah morning because it is the assigned Torah portion. Just as there is a Torah portion assigned to each week, the rabbis assigned Torah portions to the various holidays and festivals. While Congregation Beth Adam has always allowed Bar and Bat Mitzvah students to pick a Torah portion that speaks to them – rather than being bound by ancient assignments – the Congregation had not originally been as willing to push this boundary on the High Holidays.
The decision to read the Binding of Isaac or not was one that stirred passion and concern over the years within the congregation. The bottom line – it is a problematic Torah portion.
It may seem like a straightforward outline – but the problem is that the story is not an easy one to accept. After all, it is a story of a father willing to murder his own son – and a God who is willing to ask him to do so.
Given that uncomfortable scenario, rabbis and commentators have spent generations trying to make this story acceptable. Sometimes they have tried to obscure what is obvious – and at other times they have tried to reshape the story to make it more palatable. Truth be told – the Jewish community does not want its mythic father to be the kind of guy who is willing to kill his own son.
Given that context, the rabbis/commentators say: yes, Abraham was willing to sacrifice his son, because it was normative. Next, God steps in to save the day by not allowing Abraham to complete the act.
That explanation may sound good at first, but the problem is that the story is still not easy to accept. It’s a common explanation – but it does not suffice. It does not address the torment that was inflicted on Abraham – or Isaac – or his mother Sarah. Why would God have put them through such a horrible sham? Nor does it address the fact that elsewhere in the Bible God issues decrees without such psychodrama. For example, in the Ten Commandments God proclaims “honor thy father and mother” – without requiring Isaac to try to beat up his father and then God intervening to make the point. Thus, while the commentators attempt to make this story about stopping human sacrifice – it is really just an attempt to make the story into something different.
Other commentators have worked to move away from the attempted slaughter of Isaac; instead they say this is a story about Abraham’s deep love of God. Some have noted Abraham’s “unquestioning obedience and steadfast loyalty” – as they attempt to turn this horrific act into something noble and religious. Further, some even say this about Isaac – that he willingly went along with it because he too was an obedient servant. At root, these are attempts to put this into the context of dying for a cause – the highest sacrifice a person can make. However, that is not what this story is about. It is not about a person risking his life for a higher purpose. This is a story about a father wiling to kill his son.
I have struggled over the years to make sense of this story. At one time, I embraced a stream of commentary that said that Abraham failed the test. In other words, God did not want Abraham to obey. God never intended for Isaac to be sacrificed. This is the one commentary that came even close to justifying what is obviously a tragic tale.
No matter how the rabbis and commentators have tried to save this story and to put it in a positive light, there is no way for this story to be anything other than what it is – a story about Abraham, a man who believes in his God and is thus willing to kill his son when God asks him to.
This is the story that rabbis all over the world read every year. And yet, it is a story about blind obedience; it is a story about doing what God says even when it sounds immoral; and it is God who is right at the end. The message there is that no matter what, your job as the New Year begins is to do what God says – even if it involves killing an innocent child.
In 2004, I came to the point in my rabbinate and in my thinking where I realized that this story is no longer acceptable. Despite their attempts, there is no commentator or sermon that can make this Torah parable acceptable or justifiable. It is time to stop pretending and to start calling this story what it is – an immoral unjustifiable act.
As citizens of the 21st century, we live in the shadow of an event in which men, women, and children were rounded up and murdered simply because of who they were. Sadly, the defense that many of the murderers used to justify their acts was to say “I was just following orders.” Had Abraham been put on trial, would he also have said “I was just following orders”?
Unfortunately, we live in an age where people have flown planes into buildings and strapped bombs onto their bodies to kill innocent men, women, and children – often explaining that it is what their God wants of them. Had Abraham been asked, would he also have said “I was just doing what my God wanted of me”?
We live in a time when a Prime Minister of Israel (Yitzchak Rabin in 2005) was assassinated by a fellow Jew for trying to make peace. The assassin’s justification was that God gave us the land of Israel so giving it back would deny what God wants. In the summer of 2004, similar statements were made against the Prime Minister by some radical rabbis in Israel. In June of 2004 Rabbi Avigdor Neventzal of the Old City of Jerusalem said that anyone who gives up part of the land of Israel (even a single settlement) to a non-Jew could be the target of a religiously sanctioned murder (New York Times 8/5/04 “Protect Sharon from the Right”). To justify killing, Rabbi Avigdor uses a passage from the Talmud (a rabbinic text codified around the year 500 CE). Avigdor is doing what countless rabbis throughout the ages have done with the Binding of Isaac – trying to justify the unjustifiable.
For me, it has ended. I am no longer willing to stand up here and read a story that I was embarrassed to read to our children. I will not read a story that tells of a father willing to murder and I will not claim that this is a man we should emulate – calling Abraham the father of our people. That will not be part of my annual Rosh Hashanah traditions any more.
In an age when terrorism is often grounded in religious fundamentalism – grounded in claims of what God wants – I can no longer read this story. I do not want this story to represent me or my understanding of Judaism. I do not ever want to give anyone the opportunity to say that the story of Abraham (the father of the Jews) justifies their actions to do something unjustifiable.
The reason that I made this decision is that in our community – in the sanctuary in which we celebrate the High Holidays – I wanted to say without equivocation that the type of thinking that whitewashes the Binding of Isaac story is wrong. I want to know that on each Rosh Hashanah – when we plan for the year ahead and review the year just ended – that we don’t begin the year telling a story that does not represent our highest ideals.
Other congregations may or may not decide to follow suit. Even if I end up being a lone voice, I am speaking out against this text that presents a world view that we find abhorrent.
Certainly this decision will not change the world; but, it will change the corner in which we live. In order to begin changing our world and changing the culture in which people can attribute their actions to divine authority, we must start here and now. The Jewish New Year is an appropriate time to send a clear and unambiguous message that we expect more; we have high standards for others and for ourselves.
I couldn’t possibly agree with you more. Ever since I was a child I too was confused by the premise of this story and could not reconcile it, even in my juvenile mind.
For all the reasons you cited above I fully support you in your decision. I understand that means nothing in the grand scheme of things, and some may see it as sacrilegious (as would my long deceased grandparents who also used the story to beat me over the head as to my “lack of obedience”).
In these utterly crazy-making times it makes sense to reassess these stories and appreciate them as tradition, but not as (my opinion) guidelines by which to live our daily lives.
I don’t deny that you have a legitimate point, but you might want to think about the artists from Rembrandt to Bob Dylan who have found deep meaning in the psychodrama of this story. It is more weighted with meaning than the verses that make the Decalogue, including “honor your father and mother” because it puts us into a story where that is not just a given. I think also that where you refer to an “innocent child” the consensus view if that Isaac would have been a man in his 40’s at this point. If Abraham then circumcized him, you might ask yourself what sacrifice and commitment was implied there as well. Likewise with animal sacrifices–they can’t hold any meaning for us today, either, except as mataphor or metonymy, but that is exactly where we find the meaning of the story.
1. Many ancient peoples believed that the soul — or an equivalent idea of a continuing spirit — not only outlived the body, but was more important than the body. They may have believed that sacrificing a person (or animal) freed it to go on to another way of existing, or merging with the deity. Therefore, sacrifice would not have been seen as an ending of someone’s life in the way that most of us would see it today.
Abraham may have held such a belief. Indeed, Abraham may have been expecting to offer up his son at an appointed time. The surprise to him may have been that his firstborn, Ishmael, was not to be the sacrifice. This unexpected development certainly would have carried along one theme of the Torah, that of a younger son replacing an older son.
My point is that there’s no way for us to know for sure what our ancestors thought and felt about sacrifice, outside of the little conveyed to us by the text. So it’s important for us not to assume and judge them by modern standards; rather, I think we should face the challenge of our tradition’s texts and wrestle with them, drawing out new meanings and lessons, rather than rejecting them. This is especially true of a story like the Akedah, one of the central texts in our tradition. We don’t need an abridged Torah; we need our wise teachers to offer new insights into it.
2. In a larger sense, the Torah is talking about a time of transition, in which God was teaching Abraham a new way. At that time, child sacrifice was common (and remained common for centuries afterward). What we see in this story is a revolution: the substituting of an animal for a human being. This is a movement from killing humans to finding a replacement so as to spare human life. While we moderns may recoil even at the idea of animal sacrifice (I know I do), we must be mindful of the important point in a slow transition that this story represents. Personally, I’m proud to be part of a tradition that has not only rejected human sacrifice (and its modern metaphors), but has rejected the suggestion that we need sacrifice when prayer, study, and good deeds are what is pleasing to God.
Thanks for the streaming services, and L’shanah tovah to all.
Interesting piece; gives us a lot to consider. One minor error, however. You state that “We live in a time when a Prime Minister of Israel (Yitzchak Rabin in 2005) was assassinated by a fellow Jew for trying to make peace.” Rabin was actually murdered in 1995. It’s a day that will always stick out in my mind; I was in high school and at an event at my synagogue when the horrific news broke.
After all your readings and ponderings, Rabbi, I think that you miss the point of the story.
When I listen to Christian interpretations of the Bible, I become confused as well. They title the event “the sacrifice of Isaac”, and of course, it is the binding.
The binding, and the preparation for sacrifice.
Abraham does not sacrifice Isaac. And therein lies the difference.
Archeological finds all over the mid-east show children buried in the cornerstones of their families houses. The sacrifice of the first-born was expected.
Abraham’s G_D, and Abraham, is different.
And that makes all the difference for all time.
In reading your reasons for not reading the story, I think I discovered exactly why the story must be read and interpreted. You say that we live in the shadow of an event (the Shoah) where the only defence of those who perpetrated the crimes was that they were ‘just following orders’. Abraham was saved from doing this act because doing it would have been egregious and the excuse of ‘God told me to’ would not have been sufficient. The story is there to teach us that no reprehensible act can be justified and that it is the duty of each person to question authority when it seems necessary.
That’s how I understand the story and think that it is a good lesson.
It seems to me that all of the above comments convey aspects of an important truth – that such stories are incredibly complex and multi-layered. We may view it from the perspective of depth-psychology where all the characters are aspects of oneself, from the historical perspective so well-presented by BDE, as a pedagogic allegory as James suggests, and as the metonymy put forward by PW. Such is the richness of Torah. As the people Israel, by definition we ‘wrestle with God’ or, to take it a step further, we ‘wrestle with meaning’.
Since you area very reform Rabbi, I assume you don’t follow many of the basic commandments in the Torah, written and for sure not the oral. No doubt you don’t pray any of the mandated prayers or have any personal relationship with God.That being the fact, how do you expect to understand stories that represent the essence of serving God?


THE founder of Labour for Independence claims his group has been subject to a "dirty tricks" campaign by the party and the wider Better Together campaign.
Allan Grogan has emphatically denied that LfI is an "SNP front organisation" and claims this accusation is based on photographs which have been deliberately misrepresented.
The attacks by Better Together are based on photographs posted on the internet by either Yes Scotland or LfI, starting with one clearly captioned: "Labour4indy in Killie today campaigning alongside Yes East Ayrshire."
Publicised without this context, it was claimed that prominent SNP figures in Ayrshire were masquerading as LfI members.
Photographs taken at a Yes Scotland event in Midlothian were the next justification for claims LfI were a Nationalist front when SNP councillors were pictured behind the LfI banner.
Herald reader David Purdie writes of the Loanhead event: "The SNP councillors who were photographed holding up a Labour for Independence banner in my home town are personal friends of mine and I know that in this case the camera does lie."
Labour for Independence has only around 80 members, fewer than half carrying a Labour card, but no member of any other party is allowed to join and its executive comprises solely Labour card carriers. Mr Grogan said: "Initially Labour's plan appears to have been to ignore us. That wasn't working and it has become clear that we were showing links to the wider Labour movement."
He said this was the point where "dirty tricks" and the "witch hunt" to discredit him and his organisation kicked in.
"There is obvious concern about where Labour is heading, with no vision in party policy at the moment but a moving away from where the party should be. The vision of Labour for Independence is of a chance under independence for Labour to get back to its roots, and that has rattled the party."
Liz Gray as SNP branch convener was the organiser of the event which took place on March 9, five months before it became an issue. She said the photo with SNP councillors behind the LfI banner was taken in a light-hearted manner as the event broke up.
The photo with the SNP councillors cheerfully holding the LfI banner was taken by Celia Fitzgerald, treasurer of LfI and Lothians organiser. Her spell as an SNP member before returning to Labour has been another angle used in the accusation that the organisation is an SNP front.
A spokesman for Better Together said: "It is laughable that this sham outfit are crying dirty tricks now that they have been caught out trying to deceive people. SNP politicians pretending to be part of a Labour campaign stinks."