My plans are about finished for my trip to Florence. Can you look over my itinerary and let me know if it's realistic please? I plan to purchase the Firenze Card, so I want to get the most out of it in 3 days - I know those will be packed days.
This will be our "recover" day with resting and walking around, getting our bearings.
Day 2 (first day using Firenze Card): Climb the Dome before the crowds and heat sets in. Pitti Palace/Palatine Gallery, Brancacci Chapel, Bargello, and if I have any energy left - climb Giotto's tower.
Day 4: Accademia, Museum of San Marco, Medici Chapel, Medici Riccardi palace, Santa Maria Novella. In the evening - San Miniato Church/gregorian chants and sunset at Piazzale Michelangelo.
Day 6: Santo Spirito Church, Santa Felicita Capponi Chapel, and inside the Cathedral if we don't get to it during the 3 "Firenze card days".
I don't plan to spend hours inside any of these places (Uffizi and Accademia might be the exceptions). There are certain things I want to see in each place, but I won't be rushing through either. Depending on how pooped I am on the day we arrive, I might be able to move the San Miniato and Piazzale Michelangelo over to monday evening.
I've been careful to plan my schedule around opening/closing times, but I'm not sure about geographic feasibility.
I used your "Florence in 3 days" article, as well as Rick Steves' Florence tour book.
The itinerary looks pretty good! Monday - day 1 - is good both for recovering as well as just walking outside and enjoying the piazzas and monuments since you'll spend the other days indoors... also many museums in Florence are closed on Mondays so it makes sense to do as you've planned. Starting the Firenze card on day 2 makes perfect sense, as your 72 hours start from first use.
- the Duomo museum is currently closed for renovations and only the main gallery is open, still worth visiting.
- definitely leave the inside of the cathedral to after your card expires, as entrance is free!
It will be a full week but it is definitely doable!
Oh no! 3 things on my "must see" list are here - Ghiberti's doors, Michelangelos Pieta and Donatellos Mary Magdalene.
I just called the museum to make sure and unfortunately was unable to talk to someone who knew WHICH parts of the museum are closed, but did receive confirmation that not everything is closed as they renovate! Ghiberti's doors are in the gallery which is definitely open, but to know about the Pieta' and the Mary Magdalene I was told to call back tomorrow.
So I'll call and let you know what they tell me - when exactly will you be in Florence? they might just tell me what is currently open and might change by the time you arrive.
I arrive next week on the 15th. I plan to visit the museum on the 17th.
I understand that most museums (Uffizi, Accademia, etc) do not allow photography inside. However, since I'll be walking to more than just the museums, I'll have my camera, and I wear it across my body with a camera strap. Will I be allowed to wear it like that, or will I have to check it?
What about a small camera bag? If I bring a bag it will be small, but I'll have extra lenses in it and then my camera won't fit.
I know that in Rome, the Borghese Gallery doesn't allow bags of any kind - even a purse. Are the museums in Florence the same way?
Ok just called the Opera del Duomo and got confirmation that the museum is closed for restoration and only the Gallery is open - which is where Ghiberti's Doors of Paradise are. They also moved Michelangelo's Pieta' to the Gallery since it normally isn't there, so those two works can be seen. Unfortunately, Donatello's Maria Magdalene is part of the restorations so is not visible. She's made of wood, so maybe the Gallery would not be a good place to have her at, but if she's due for restoration, you wouldn't be able to see her even if the museum wasn't closed already.
You can't take pics of the rooms, but you CAN take pics along the corridors of the OUTSIDE - so of Palazzo Vecchio on one side, and of the Arno and Ponte Vecchio on the other.
most of the other museums are not as picky about bags or cameras, but they will tell you again that you can't take photos.... some of the museums do allow for pics, so just check when you enter.
Thanks for your help Lourdes.
I'm bummed about Mary -- It would be amazing to see a wooden statue THAT old. I wonder how they "restore" something like that -- maybe a good oiling or waxing? Some Lemon Pledge?
I've seen her in my Art History books, but I never really realize the actual size till seeing it in person.
I'm getting my schedule finalized now. I realize I had the Brancicci Chapel scheduled for a Tuesday, but saw on their website that its closed on Tuesday. Things have been rearranged to fit.
I'll be there on Monday morning! Look for me then -- I'll be the American wearing a camera.
Sounds like you're pretty much set!
I'm finally here! I arrived this afternoon after missing my layover in Frankfurt and enduring an unexpected delay.
I purchased my Firenze Cards yesterday. My reason for this post is to tell you (if you don't already know) that the price increased from 50 Euros to 70 on 1 July. The IT lady told me there was no announcement, and they didn't know until it happened.
We bought one anyway, hopefully it will be worth the cost in time savings! In my brief walk today, I saw the long line to get into the Cathedral, (the crowds in that area was awful) I can just imagine what the Accademia line will look like. I was amazed from what I saw on the outside, though - WOW.
We also walked into Orsanmichele. I thought it was closed on Monday except for the museum. What a beautiful church.
On a good note, I had gelato! Malone was like ice cold fresh, sweet, juicy cantaloupe! It took me back 20 years when I lived in Aviano!


Bush says a decision on Iraq must await the swearing in of Bob Gates. So why hasn't it happened yet?
After meeting with defense officials yesterday, George W. Bush began to explain why he had postponed until next year a speech announcing the new "way forward" in Iraq. Then he caught himself, apparently aware that he was about to diverge from the official White House line that no speech -- and hence, no decision -- had actually been scheduled for December in the first place.
"I put off my speech -- actually, I was quite flexible about when I was going to give my speech, to begin with," the president said. Then he explained that "one of the main reasons" he'd put off the speech -- or been "flexible" about the speech or whatever -- was that he really wants "the new secretary of defense to have time to get to know people and hear people and be a part of this deliberation. And he will not be sworn in until next Monday."
The president is right about that: Bob Gates won't be sworn into office until Monday. But it's probably fair to note here that the Senate confirmed the Gates nomination on Dec. 6, and the new secretary could have been sworn in immediately thereafter. That's the sort of timetable the White House seemed to appreciate when Samuel Alito was confirmed for a seat on the Supreme Court earlier this year; Alito was confirmed by the Senate around lunchtime on Jan. 31, and he was sworn into office during a White House ceremony the very same day. There was no real urgency for the Alito swearing in; Sandra Day O'Connor was on the job and wouldn't be leaving until Alito arrived. But Bush was to give his State of the Union address that evening, and it sure was nice for him to be able to talk then about the "superb new member" of the Supreme Court.
There would seem to be a little more urgency to get the new secretary of defense on the job now; at least 15 U.S. soldiers and hundreds if not thousands of Iraqis have been killed since the Senate confirmed Gates eight days ago. But for whatever reason -- Gates' need to wrap up work at his old job, the president's need for a little more time, Rumsfeld's desire for an extended farewell -- everyone will need to wait a few more days for the formality of a swearing-in ceremony.
Even then, Bush has made it clear that he won't be in much of a hurry. "I will be delivering my -- my plans, after a long deliberation, after steady deliberation," Bush said yesterday. "I'm not going to be rushed into making a difficult decision."
We're all for "steady deliberation," especially when there's time for doing it. But when we hear the president talk about all the time he needs to think about the "way forward" in Iraq, we can't help remembering the rushed way he took the country into war in the first place. No Americans were dying -- as it turns out, no Americans were even at risk -- when Bush declared in March 2003 that he couldn't wait any longer before going to war. Is it really too much to ask that he bring the same sense of urgency to the job now?


Why do GP's charge fees?
The National Health Service provides most health care to most people free of charge, but there are exceptions. Prescription charges have existed since 1951, and there are a number of other services for which fees are charged. Sometimes the charge is made to cover some of the cost of treatment, for example dental fees. In other cases it is because the service isn't covered by the NHS, for example, medical reports for insurance companies, claims on private health insurance and other letters and forms which require the doctor to review the patient's medical records.
It is important to understand that GP's are not employed by the NHS, they are self- employed, and they have to cover their costs- staff, buildings, heating, lighting etc. - in the same way as any small business.
The NHS pays the doctor for specific NHS work, but for non NHS work the fee has to cover the doctor's costs and time.
The government’s contract with GP's covers medical services to NHS patients. In recent years, more and more organisations have been involving doctors in a whole range of non-medical work. Sometimes the only reason that GP's are asked is because they are in a position of trust in the community, or because an insurance company or employer wants to be sure that information provided is true and accurate.
Examples of non-NHS services for which GP's can charge other institutions are?
Time spent completing forms and preparing reports takes the GP away from the medical care of his/her patients. Most GP's have a very heavy workload - the majority of GP's work up to 60 hours a week and paperwork takes up an increasing amount of their time. In addition non-nhs work must be undertaken outside of NHS contracted time.
When a doctor signs a certificate or completes a report, it is a condition of remaining on the Medical Register that they only sign what they know to be true. Therefore in order to complete even the simplest of forms, the doctor needs to check the patient's entire record. Carelessness or an inaccurate report can have serious consequences for the doctor, with the General Medical Council or even the Police.


(Solved) If left untreated, GERD can progress to ________.
If left untreated, GERD can progress to ________.
A ________ is a substance that can harm health if it is taken into the body and left untreated.
If left untreated, otitis media can cause a perforation of the ________ or eardrum.


Zelda: -chuckles- Really, I'm not an angel. I'm just a normal person like anyone else here.
Abel: "I'm afraid, I must observe you anyways." I blush. "I hope that won't be a problem for you."
Abel: "I look forward to it. Do you wish to play some more or shall we retire for the evening?"
Zelda: -when she finishes, she gets up- You ready to go on to bed?
Abel: "Yes. Uh.. um... my own bed, of course." I blush.
Abel: Goes off to my own room, gets ready for bed, and goes to sleep.
Abel: Is already up, I've been in the kitchen preparing breakfast for Zelda and myself.
Zelda: -she grins- Good morning Abel. Did you sleep well?
Abel: "I did. Thank you. How was your rest?"
Zelda: I slept just fine, thank you. -she comes over by his side- Do you need any help fixing breakfast?
Abel: "I should be fine. But since it's your house, you're welcome to do as you please."
Zelda: It's alright. I was just wondering if you needed help! What are you making?
Abel: "French toast. The professor taught it to me."
Zelda: That sounds nice. I haven't had it much before, and I wonder how it'll taste with how you make it.
Abel: "It'll taste wonderful, I'm sure. The Professor researched the best recipe." I cook enough French Toast to feed an army, serving it to Zelda and myself.
Zelda: -grins- I look forward to tasting it then. -when it's served up, she sits down at the dining table with him and takes a bite of it- It tastes amazing!
Abel: I also eat. "Yes. The professor knows his research."
Abel: "Did you want to help me find that church today, or shall I help you with your garden?"
Zelda: -she swallows the food currently in her mouth- My garden will be fine, I'm sure. I'll help you look for your church today.


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Phil "CM Punk" Brooks left the WWE back in January, and now he's onto his next venture in the UFC. The move to the UFC is not only the best move for Punk, but also for the UFC.
The UFC has found its Pay-Per-View numbers slowly decreasing over the last year. They have increased of the amount of shows that are done in a year, thus leading to less talent being stacked onto one card. The company is not struggling by any means, but it isn't what it was a couple of years ago.
How do you sell a $54.99 Pay-Per-View? You need a name and an intrigue. The UFC no longer has Brock Lesnar, Anderson Silva, Georges St-Pierre, or BJ Penn running the weight divisions. Now, the biggest name holding a belt is Jon Jones in the light heavyweight division. Typically champions defend their belt about twice a year, but what else on the card is going to draw?
Enter a guy like CM Punk. Punk was the WWE Champion, and arguably on top of the company, for over a full year. He has the name and popularity, and now he has the intrigue of the general public. How so? The question will soon turn to "how can this former 'fake' pro wrestler come into the 'real sport' and even stand a chance?" Punk will have the chance to prove those people wrong.
That is exactly why this is the best move for business. UFC fans are intrigued over whether he can actually fight. WWE fans will jump to buy the show in support of, or even to root against, CM Punk. The money is already being printed.
Best part for the UFC? It doesn't even have to be the main event of a show. UFC President Dana White made it clear in his press conference that this will be treated differently than when Brock Lesnar came to the company. In other words, they aren't going to throw CM Punk directly into the Octagon against one of the top fighters in the world. They will give him a fight against a guy with about the same experience.
White is a smart guy and won't give CM Punk's first fight away on free television either. There is way too much money to be lost doing so. Punk will give a PPV boost that will be among one of the highest of the year, and I'll go to bat for that.
Punk has been signed to the company and will fight "sometime in 2015." It's in his hands to become successful to make a ton of money, and into the hands of the UFC to grow even more. It's a pure win-win for both sides.
And I've got my $54.99 ready to go whenever he's on the card.


Which, of the following protocols, were used to generate this image?
Live cells induced to express a green protein and purple protein via adenoviral transduction were imaged using phase contrast microscopy on an inverted microscope equipped with incubation chamber.
To test which of the following hypotheses would transmission electron microscopy be an appropriate imaging modality?
electron microscopy allows you to obtain high-resolution structural information, for this hypothesis you would image the two cell types and compare the “inner plaque” of the hemidesmosome.
TEM isn’t used for stiffness measurements, perhaps atomic force microscopy could allow you to test this hypothesis.
For this hypothesis you would measure RNA levels, most likely by qRT-PCR. If you were desperate to use a microscopy technique, then in situ hybridisation would be an option but this could be difficult to do quantitatively in this context.
You are comparing two different coverslips that have been fixed and processed for indirect immunofluorescence microscopy with the same antibodies. What can you determine?
You would need fixed cells and tagged proteins for this sort of analysis.
Which light exposure conditions would be most harmful to live cells?
450 nm (blue) light, 200 ms exposure.
shorter wavelengths carry more energy that longer wavelengths. Although white light contains short and long wavelengths, once you account for shorter exposure times the damage is less. If you are planning a live imaging experiment, you should take this into account when deciding how long/how frequently to image.
You want to investigate the relative distribution of four proteins in your samples. You check the lab stocks of secondary antibodies and obtain the excitation/emission spectra of four abs that look like they work (above). Your next question, is which microscope would work for this experiment?
With this set up you could image sequentially: for blue, excite with 405nn, BP380-450 will cut out any green light, for green excite with 488nm, BP400-550, although you will get a little bit of red excitation with the laser, you will cut out the red emission with the filter. red excite 543nm BP500-600 will excite a little green/purple but the band pass cuts out the emission from those fluorophores, purple excite 650nm, LP700 again this will cut the red emission.
It’s not possible, the spectra overlap.
it is possible! Try again.
Using this scope you are relying on the filters to cut out the emission from the wrong fluorophore. the BP380-480 will be OK for blue, but the BP400-580 will not only get green light but also some blue and some red. i.e. even when you want to look at red, you can’t be sure you don’t also have green. Note shorter range filters exist, these numbers are just made up! How you will image your samples is something you should be considering during your design stage of these experiments.
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) uses the light emitted from one fluorophore (donor) to excite the next fluorophore (acceptor). Which of the following fluorophores would be the best FRET pair?
there is a decent amount of overlap between the emission curve of green and the excitation curve of red. There are better FRET pairs than this, but it could work.
there is very little overlap here, you might get a little FRET but it wouldn’t be very good.
Which objective would allow you to obtain the highest resolution images?
Nope… what is the feature of a lens that determines the resolution? This objective is actually an extra long working distance, you would use this for imaging through thick substrates but often you have to compromise in terms of resolution or sensitivity.
Yes, numerical aperture determines the cone of light that enters the lens, the higher the better.
No, not this one… have another go.
Your images have issues with uneven illumination… which part of the microscope should you adjust?
When a fluorophore reacts with a biological compound in a reaction catalysed by photons.
When light energy reacts with a fluorophore and causes permanent structural damage.
Where a biological compound interferes with a light source to prevent flourophore oxidation.
Nitrates within a solution react after exposure to light to produce a stable molecule that sequesters the fluorophore.
Replace the letter labelling with an indication of the antibodies used.
Fix the alignment of the panels.
Yes, seems obvious but this sort of sloppiness takes seconds to fix so why choose for it not to be right?
I agree with you, however, this is a style decision by the journal rather than the author! When the figure was prepared it would have been on a white background!
These type of images are typically taken using a colour camera, it is usual to show them in the colour they were captured in. The white balance of the camera could perhaps have been adjusted but the colour scheme is OK.
In the video above, corneal epithelial cells have been induced to express the focal contact protein paxillin with a green fluorescent protein tag (GFP). What advantages and disadvantages of this approach in comparison to using antibody staining? Pick one advantage and one disadvantage.
this is always something to have in mind, we’ll have a look at how to control for this issue in the next question.
No, you can fix your fluorescent protein expressing cells and then image them afterward.
No, you could introduce another fluorescent protein eg with red (tdTomato, mCherry), yellow (YFP), blue (BFP) or other tags. The entire visible spectrum as well as far reds are covered. You could also combine fluorescent protein with dyes and antibody staining as required.
You want to use your paxillin-GFP construct to compare focal contact turnover in cells derived from patients with a skin fragility disorder compared with cells from people without the disorder. Which of the following treatments/alternative experiment/samples would help you be convinced that the results obtained can really be interpreted as a relating to focal contact turnover?
Perform a similar experiment with another focal contact protein with a colour tag e.g. talin RFP.
Yes, this would increase your confidence that it isn’t a paxillin specific effect but rather more generally associated with focal contact turnover. There is another correct answer in this list, have you identified it already?
This would allow you to confirm that the GFP signal you have been tracking is (at least at the end of the experiment) associated with focal contacts. It’s not perfect by any means, but it would be quick and simple to do and would increase the confidence in your results interpretation. There is another correct answer in this list, have you identified it already?
Remove the cellular material using ammonium hydroxide and then image just the signal emanating from extracellular matrix.
Well, I didn’t really expect this one to get picked! If the cells are removed, the signal that is left will be static and just fade over time. It won’t help us here. Try again.
Your PI doesn’t like your control images in a figure comparing treatment to controls, what changes are you allowed to make?
This isn’t fair. What is the reason for the difference between the old data and your current data; likely that reason can account for the difference in your treatment images. You are misrepresenting your data. Don’t do this!
This isn’t fair ; your images should tell the story of the population, if there is variability, then that should be part of the story. Your quantification of your images will tell you what is truly representative.
What is the point of the controls? If you mix and match experiments in your figure you lose the point of including them. Differences will exist between experimental runs that could account for why your data is what it is.


Thursday saw sudden activity on the NFL's anthem policy. Late in the afternoon, reports revealed a "discipline schedule" submitted by the Miami Dolphins to the NFL listing improper anthem conduct (i.e., not standing at attention) as conduct detrimental to the club that could be punished by up to a four-week suspension. The Dolphins and the league quickly backtracked, insisting that this was a routine document that every team had to submit prior to the start of training camp and that the team had not decided if or how to punish protests, but that it "has no intention of suspending a player for four games based on any type of anthem protest."
Late in the evening, the NFL and NFL jointly announced a "standstill agreement" on the league policy and the union grievance (filed last week). The league will not issue or enforce new regulations, the union will stay its grievance, and the sides will continue ongoing confidential discussions. I agree with Deadspin that this is another example of the NFL's incompetence and inability to get out of its own way on this issue--it pushed the policy through as a display of muscle at a time when the issue had mostly dropped off the radar, then abandoned that policy in the face of the grievance and the bad press the Dolphins received this afternoon.
At least the President will have something new to tweet about tomorrow morning. [Update: It took a day longer than I expected, but the tweet that arrived had the advantage of blatant lies about the content of NFL player contracts. And I like the response of NFLPA President Eric Winston] (Actually, it would be nice to spin a conspiracy that the NFL and the owners have taken this self-inflicted wound as an intentional wag-the-dog move to help the President avoid the continued fallout of his meeting with Putin).
I will close on a serious question underlying all of this: Could a public employer require its employees to recite the Pledge or sing the anthem at the start of each day, as part of the job? Janus suggests that the limits on public-employee speech (in which speech that is part of the job cannot form the basis for a First Amendment claim) do not apply to rules compelling employees to speak as part of their job. But does that hold outside of union fees? There is an argument that an employer (even one bound by First Amendment doctrine) can control its employees' speech. But is that equally true for an employer seeking to compel its employees' speech?
Second Update: Conor Friedersdorf of the The Atlantic urges NFL players to square the circle--continue protesting while not playing into Trump's hands. The problem is that the anthem remains their most visible expressive platform. If any flag- or anthem-related protest will be demagogued by this President, as surely will be the case, I am not sure what the players can do.
I don't understand why Janus is a strange case. Could a city require its employees join a particular political party? The argument is that unions are in effect political parties since their purpose, to advocate terms of public employment, is inherently a political activity.
As to the OP, joining a union is NOT part of the employees' job, unless you consider joining any political party to be.
Football players are compelled to wear uniforms, sometimes with Susan-Komen-pink when the League thinks that might improve female viewership. Professional athletes are, at the core, entertainers and what they are permitted or compelled to say (as players anyhow) is a matter of negotiation. Who would hire a one-hit-wonder band to perform without insisting they play their hit song, or want a lower price without it?
Janus dealt with public employees and a union that has legally-created right to exclusive representation, an entirely different scenario.
Well, can school teachers get an exemption from reciting the pledge? Janus is a strange case, but presumably employers can still compel speech when it is clearly in their role as employees. A police department can insist their employees give Miranda warnings even if they won't to, but maybe they cannot stop said employees from criticizing the Miranda rule on their spare time.
The anthem , typically , the utmost common public and national symbol ,also typically , beyond debate and ideological dialectic , wouldn't be agreed as one of the utmost issues closely related and associated with the broader and greater good ?? Both side agree on it . The greater good , is an issue here !! And the employer , and players , both agree that they are committed to issues then of free speech as result then ( whether restricting it , whether compelling it or whatsoever ) .
Anthem and public concerns V. free speech . This is a hell of an issue , one employer needs to deal with sometimes .It is just , that here , agreed in advance . Not to forget , those players , the league itself are also , model for admiration for too many children for example. One should seriously consider it . Disrespect to the national anthem , even passive one , has a meaning , and even national as such .


"A producer is the guy that tells the artist what to do and later makes all the changes, and then, when the cartoon's done, he takes all the credit!"
Quite simply, the producer is/are the person/persons that makes the project "happen". "No producer" equals "no film". They are the financial and creative backbone of a given project — they secure funding (or fund the work themselves), hire key personnel, arrange for distributors, and manage the day-to-day operations of the production (such as writing up shooting schedules, booking off-set filming locations, and keeping the project as a whole within budget and on-schedule).
There are many different varieties of "producer", and each has its own responsibility in the film industry. A consulting producer will usually be a specialist in a particular field of study, and will assist the writers with technical accuracy. An executive producer is usually a studio representative, providing the majority of the funding that keeps the project going (and reporting any cost overruns to the studio heads). An assistant producer is exactly that. An associate producer is a title used to cover a variety of duties, such as being liaison when two production companies are involved in a filming.note "Someone has to associate with the producer! Hyuk hyuk hyuk!".
Not to be confused with The Producers, which is a film.
Sony Pictures Animation: Sony's main animation studio. Best known for Open Season, Surf's Up, Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs, and the Hotel Transylvania trilogy.
Sony Pictures Imageworks - Sony's visual effects and digital animation production studio, best known for the Sam Raimi Spider-Man Trilogy* 'as well as The Amazing Spider-Man Series, most of Spider-Man: Homecoming, and Sony Pictures Animation's Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse, the Stuart Little duology, Green Lantern, and Zathura. The company also animated most of Sony Pictures Animation's theatrical filmsnote The Star, released in 2017, was instead animated by Cinesite., and would also provide animation services for non-SPA movies including The Polar Express, Beowulfnote both films were directed by Robert Zemeckis and utilized Motion Capture, and Storksnote produced by the Warner Animation Group, among others.
A-1 Pictures: The animation studio owned by Sony's Japanese record label group. Best known for the adaptations of Blue Exorcist, Fairy Tail (co-produced with Satelight), and Sword Art Online. It has also occasionally made original works, such as Night Raid 1931 and Occult Academy.
Sony Pictures Studios: Sony's film/TV studio lot (previously owned by MGM and Lorimar-Telepictures), notable as the taping location for Wheel of Fortune and Jeopardy!; it also serves as an audio post-production unit.
Walt Disney Animation Units - The main unit is in Burbank (Still active), but there were units in Florida, Canada, Japan, Australia, France and the UK.
Industrial Light and Magic - Has a Singaporean studio.
Skywalker Sound - Sister studio of the above.
Lucasfilm Animation - Has a division in Singapore.
Blue Sky Studios: An animation studio in Greenwich, Connecticut, they also have a unit in China.
Four Star Television (defunct) - an independent production company created by four/five Hollywood stars that was later bought in 1993.
Pacific Data Images (defunct) - Also known as PDI/DreamWorks, this served as DWA's northern California branch. The studio was shut down in 2015 as part of a restructuring.
Hanna-Barbera - Technically defunct, living on as the copyright holder of Scooby-Doo works and in spirit as Cartoon Network Studios.
Toei Animation: Mostly known for their art films made between 1958 to 1972 (namely their Puss in Boots adaptation made in 1969), all of the Dragon Ball series, most of the 80s Transformers series, One Piece, Sailor Moon , and their Anime First magical girl shows.
Village Roadshow: Australian studio known for its work for Warner Bros..
Milk VFX - Spun off from the company.
Rhythm & Hues - Has an Indian studio.
Hybride Technologies - Bought by game company Ubisoft.
Lapiz Azul - aka Blue Pencil, a studio in Spain that is mostly known for doing two episodes of Batman: The Animated Series. When many people were thinking that the studio went out of business during the making of "Day Of The Samurai", well, they're still in business . The studio also did 6 episodes of TaleSpin under contract for Walt Disney Animation France as well.
Pannonia Film Studio - Hungary's biggest animation studio.
Pixomondo - Despite the Latin sounding name, they're a series of studios originating from Germany.
Stargate Studios - Also known as Stargate Films and Stargate Digital.
Studio 352 - A studio in Luxembourg. Has done pre-production work for many DiC series.
Telescreen - A studio in The Netherlands (They did have a unit in Japan, but the unit went out of business).
Agogo Media: Formerly known as Animation Services, Hong Kong.
Enzo Animation - Owned by Mook DLE.
Fantasia Animation - Not to be confused with Studio Fantasia.
Guang Dong - Also known as Alpha Animation.
Hong Ying - Its headquarters are in Taiwan.
Hong Guang - Spin-off from Wang Film Productions.
Nendai Animation - Also known as Niandai Animation.
Shanghai Yi Li Mei Animation - Frequent collaborator on Shanghai Animation Film Studio's projects.
Shift Future Animation - Made up of many former Hong Ying animators.
Tiger Paws Animation Co., Ltd.
Future Thought Productions - Has worked on The Buzz on Maggie.
Prana Studios - Also owns Rhythm & Hues .
Prime Focus - An effects studio. Also has divisions in the UK and North America.
Toonz Animation India - Not to be confused with the New Zealand-based Toonz Animation.
Toei Animation Philippines - Toei's Philippines division.
Joy-Team Animation Production Co., Ltd. - Formally known as Joy-Team Anime Production Co., Ltd.
Wang Film Productions - A studio in Taiwan, as well as one the biggest overseas studios in the world.
CGCG - Their CG division.
Yu-Sheng Animation Studio - A studio in Taiwan.
Dai Won: currently known as Dae Won.
Dong Woo Animation: Owned by Studio Gallop.
DR Movie: A studio owned by Madhouse, originally independent.
GK Entertainment: A South Korean studio owned by GONZO as GK stands for "GONZO Korea".
Han Il Animation - Often works for Magic Bus, among other studios.
JM Animation: Was founded to outsource for Japanese studios.
K Production: Oldest South Korean studio in existence.
Magic Image Co., Ltd.: Also known as MICO Animation Studio. Ltd.
Mizo Planning: Another South Korean studio owned by TMS.
MOI Animation: Works with Madhouse, like DR Movie.
NE4U - A new studio.
Rough Draft Studios / Orange: Headquartered in Los Angeles but the studio has a unit in South Korea as well.
Soul Creative: The Spiritual Successor to Seoul Movie.
Studio Blue: Formally known as AniVillage, Studio Blue is a South-Korean subsidiary owned by Kyoto Animation.
Studio Mir: A newer studio founded by Ex-JM staff.
Sung San: Also known as Hoshiyama Planning.
Sunwoo Entertainment / Sunwoo Asia Pacific: Has also distributed many Transformers toys since 2007.
Toonzone Studios: Headquartered in Los Angeles but the studio has a unit in Canada and South Korea as well.
The major animation studios in Japan.
A.C.G.T. - Owned by OB Planning.
AIC - stands for Anime International Company.
Bandai Namco Pictures: Formed as a spin off from Sunrise to handle all of Bandai Namco Entertainment's internal IP animations and kid shows that Sunrise used to handle, as well as the forth season of Gintama.
Diomedea - formerly known as Studio Barcelona.
Feel - formed by ex-Pierrot employees.
Studio Ghibli: Hayao Miyazaki's studio.
Kyoto Animation: Established in 1981 as a outsourcing company.
Production I.G: Founded by Ex-Tatsunoko staff.
Shin-Ei Animation - A spin-off from TMS.
Studio Khara - Hideaki Anno's studio after he left Gainax.
Studio Trigger: - A newer studio founded by Ex-Gainax staff.
Tatsunoko Production: One of the older Japanese studios.
TMS Entertainment/Telecom Animation Film: One of the most (if not the most) famous and well-respected studio(s) in Japan.
While not as big as the major animation studios in Japan. These animation studios still mostly do their own productions and tend not to rely on outsourcing from bigger studios.
The Answer Studio - Founded by Motoyoshi Tokunaga after Walt Disney Animation Japan went out of business.
APPP - a.k.a. Another Push Pin Planning.
C-Station - Once a unit of Bee Train it has since split off. Mostly focusing on sub-contracting for other studios but is now getting into full animation production.
Magic Bus: A studio founded by Satoshi Dezaki (Osamu Dezaki's brother).
MAPPA - Formed by former Madhouse staff.
Ordet - Formed by ex-Kyoto Animation staff.
Passione - Formed in 2011. Known for Rail Wars!, Haitai Nanafa, and the fourth season of High School DXD.
Studio Gokumi - Formed by former GONZO members.
TYO - A Japanese studio with ownership over Tsuburaya Productionsnote the company behind Ultraman, Hal Film Maker and Yumeta Company. As of 2017, the animation department was acquired by Graphinica.
Animation studios that tend to do mostly do outsourcing for bigger animation studios in Japan. With only a handful of productions, if that.
FAI International: Formerly Studio Junio.
Shogakukan Music And Digital Entertainment: Shogakukan's music publishing arm and CGI unit.
Studio Core: Also known as Studio COA.
Studio Peacock: Also just known as Peacock.
Armada TMT - A studio in Vietnam.
Infinite Frameworks - A studio in Singapore, with a sister studio in Indonesia.
Inspidea - A studio in Malaysia.
Oktobor Animation - A studio in New Zealand which has mostly worked on Nick's CGI series.
Pitchi Poy - A studio in Israel.
Scrawl Studios - A studio in Singapore.
Sparky Animation Studio - A studio in Singapore.
Studio Paek-ho - A studio in North Korea.
Sao Sang - A studio in Vietnam.
Studio SEK - A studio in North Korea that mostly does contract work for South Korean studios, which said studios get their contracts from the United States. The studio has also done shows for Europe as well.
Vision Animation - Based in Malaysia.
Animation studios that are either out of business or out of work.
Animation Associates - Worked on Q.T. Hush and nothing more.
Apogee Productions - Also made Sewer Shark, no really.
Atkinson Film-Arts - Canadian animation studio.
CORE Digital Pictures - A Canadian visual effects studio co-founded by William Shatner (we are not making this up).
Encore Cartoons - Worked on 3 episodes of Tiny Toon Adventures and nothing more.
Illusion Arts - Best known for their contributions in the Star Trek Franchise.
Manex Visual Effects - Formerly known as Mass Illusions.
Natterjack Animation - A studio in Canada.
R/Greenberg Associates- Left the film industry in the mid-1990s, currently known as R/GA Media, Inc.
Rainmaker Entertainment - The original Mainframe Entertainment incarnation; Still exists in its present day form as Rainmaker.
Red Apple Group - Worked on 2 episodes of Peter Pan & the Pirates and nothing more.
Santa Barbera Studios - Famous for Star Trek, infamous for An American Werewolf in Paris.
Soup2Nuts - Responsible for Home Movies, WordGirl, and O'Grady, among many others.
StarToons - Its last work was in 2000.
Video House Inc. - Worked on made-for-TV Out of the Inkwell shorts and nothing more.
Will Vinton Studios - Became Laika.
Animasia - A studio in Singapore. Did The Magic Adventures of Mumfie, the first season of Chucklewood Critters, and the intro to The Wacky World of Tex Avery.
Anitime - A studio in Taiwan that did a few episodes of ¡Mucha Lucha! and uncredited work on many other shows.
Bang On Animation - Merged into Tycoon Animation.
Chinese Cartoon Production Co., Ltd. - A studio in Taiwan.
Crest Animation Productions - Headquartered in America but has a Unit in India.
Far Eastern - A studio in Taiwan.
Fil-Cartoons - A studio in The Philippines that's best known for working with Hanna-Barbera during The '90s, and working on the first season of Ren & Stimpy. Its last work was on Fairy Tale Police Department in 2002.
Island Animation - A studio in The Philippines. Hasn't worked on a production since 1992.
Jade Animation - A studio in China. Hasn't worked on a production since 2009.
Jadooworks - A studio in India. Worked on ¡Mucha Lucha! and Higglytown Heroes.
Kennedy Cartoons - Based in Canada, but the studio has a unit in the The Philippines as well. Its last work under its old name was in 1997. It is now known as Kennedy Animation.
Morning Sun - A studio in China. Hasn't worked on a production since 2002.
Moving Images International - Sort of a precursor to Toon City, sharing many of the same staff members. Went down in the late '90s.
New Dawn Studios - A studio in The Philippines. Worked on Hoze Houndz, Simsala Grimm, and a few other shows. Last credits listed are well over a decade ago.
One Shot Pro - A studio in The Philippines, operated by Glen Kennedy. Seemingly, its only credits were for Hoze Houndz.
Optifex - Based in the Philippines. Mostly worked on Hanna-Barbera series, uncredited.
Pacific Rim Animation - A studio in China, with a sister studio in the Philippines. Hasn't been credited on a show since 1995.
PT Asiana Wang - A division of Wang Film Productions based in Indonesia. It worked on the second season of Chucklewood Critters, and apparently did uncredited work on Doraemon, Sailor Moon, and Jonny Quest: The Real Adventures, according to this article.
Rainbow Animation - See Rainbow Group below.
Rash Animation Production - A studio in Iran.
SMEC Media And Entertainment - Based in Taiwan. Last activity was in 2005.
Thai Wang Film Productions - A division of Wang Film Productions based in Thailand. Hasn't worked on a show since 2003.
Tradewinds - Based in The Philippines. Last work was in 2002.
A-1 Productions - Hasn't been credited on a show since 1995.
A.C. Productions - Worked on the sixth season of The Real Ghostbusters with Sei Young. Something of a precursor to Plus One Animation, since Choon Man Lee was an animation director there.
A.D. Productions - Worked on the first season of Wild West COW Boys Of Moo Mesa, with no other credits to its name.
Amisong Production - Mostly worked on direct-to-video features based on fairy tales, but also worked on James Bond Jr. and King Arthur & the Knights of Justice.
Anima Sam Won - Last activity was in the late '90s.
Animagic Studio - Worked on The Ripping Friends, Roboroach, and a few Pausoka series.
Anirom Films - Worked on Bureau of Alien Detectors with Big Star.
Anitec Animation Production - Worked on Red Planet with Sunwoo Animation.
Anivision & Grimsaem - Both absorbed into Sunwoo.
Bon Art: Defunct since the early '90s.
C-Ne Group: An obscure studio whose only work appears to be the Thugaboo TV specials.
Chaung Sul Media - An obscure company whose only work seems to be seasons 3 and 4 of Cyberchase.
Da Vinci Animation - Worked on Mr. Bogus, Widget the World Watcher and The Legend of Korra.
Dinosaur Animation Production - Worked on Denver the Last Dinosaur, Mr. Bogus, Fairy Pink and Widget the World Watcher. That's. About. It.
Dong-Seo - The Spiritual Predecessor to Hanho Heung-Up.
GIMC - aka Gangwon Information and Multimedia Corporation.
Hahn Shin Corporation - Hasn't been credited on a production since 2004.
Hana Animation - Sort of a spin-off of Sunwoo Entertainment (it featured many of the same staff members).
Holy Viva - Worked on the first episode of Vytor: The Starfire Champion and nothing more.
Hyun Young - Hasn't been credited on a production since 2007.
Ji-Reh Animation - Hasn't been credited on a show since 2002.
Koko Enterprises/Dong Yang: South Korean studios owned by TMS Entertainment, mostly known for working for Bruce Timm on the DCAU. It is listed here because the studio hasn't been credited for anything since 2005.
KBS Media Enterprises - Worked on Widget the World Watcher.
KMC Films - Worked on Free For All, Nine Dog Christmas, and The Legend of the Three Trees, and did layouts for a few The Oblongs episodes.
Luk Film - Infamous for making black and white cartoons into color back in the 60's; the studio also did the ink and pant for Ralph Bakshi's The Lord of the Rings and StarToons's "Henny Youngman Day".
Mirinae Production - Worked on Denver the Last Dinosaur. Yeah.
My Plan - Possibly an off-shoot of Toon Us In (see article).
New Millennium - Worked on Spawn, Mission Hill and Godzilla: The Series.
New Vision International - Worked on the second season of The Mask, a few episodes of Jumanji, and The Kids From Room 402.
Nightstorm Media - Worked on Wunschpunsch with AKOM and Jason & the Heroes of Mount Olympus.
Noxxon Enterprise - Was briefly busy with Wolverine and the X-Men, Marvel Super Hero Squad, and The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes!, but seemingly hasn't worked on anything since then.
P&A Animation Production - Seemingly only worked on Extreme Dinosaurs.
Plus One Animation - Mostly known for working for Mike Judge's shows, but also a client for Disney during the late '90s. Hasn't been credited on a show since 2011.
Point Animation - Worked on DiC shows. Hasn't been credited since 2001.
Rainbow Group - Also has a unit in China (Rainbow Animation) and The Philippines. Became Galaxy World, which itself hasn't been credited on a show since the early 2000s.
RG Prince Films - Hasn't been credited on a production since the mid-2000s.
Sae Hahn Productions - Hasn't been credited on a show since 2007.
Samil Animation - Hasn't been credited on a show since 1997.
Sam Young Animation - Hasn't been credited on a production since 1989.
San Ho Studio - Responsible for the infamous "yashigani" episode of Lost Universe. Also worked on Trigun.
Sei Young - Mostly known for the first two Super Mario Bros. cartoons. Became Animagic Studio.
SEM Animation - Worked on Sky Dancers, Creepy Crawlers (season 2), and X-Men.
Seoul Movie: Like Koko Enterprises, Dong Yang and Mizo Planning, Seoul Movie is another Korean Studio owned by TMS.
Starburst Animation - Mostly known for Kim Possible. Hasn't been credited on a show since 2007.
Steven Hahn Productions - Last work was in 1992.
Studio Tae Sang - Worked on Adventures of the Gummi Bears, Little Dracula, and Peter Pan & the Pirates before folding.
Take One - A studio founded by Jerry Smith, who also founded Fil-Cartoons. Folded into Hyun Young.
Toon Town Animation - Worked on Baby Looney Tunes and did some uncredited layouts for other shows.
Toonzone Entertainment - Only worked on ChalkZone, The Simpsons and King of the Hill from 2002-2003.
Woo Nam Animation - Worked on Stunt Dawgs and The Hurricanes.
Y.R. Studio - Hasn't been credited on a show since 2003.
Young Woo Production - Hasn't been credited on a production since 2000.
Bee Train - Once a unit of Production I.G but has split off.
DAST Corparation - also known as Dust.
EIV Pro - Worked on Burn Up!.
EMUAI - Succeeded by Wish.
Frontier Enterprises - A Tokyo-based English-dubbing house.
Green Bunny: No productions since 2006.
Group TAC - Mostly known for Tama and Friends and Street Fighter II: The Animated Movie.
Hal Film Maker - Became TYO in 2009.
Japan Tele-Cartoons: Currently known as "Fuji TV Enterprise".
Jec.E - Became Studio Elle's animation department in 2005.
J.O. Studio: Later renamed "Toho Eiga Kyoto Satsueijo".
Kamenari World - Worked on Burn Up!.
Kitty Films: Established in 1972 and best known for Ranma ½. Not technically defunct, but majorly shifted gears in the 2000s to become a talent agency.
Manglobe - Filed for bankruptcy on September 30, 2015.
Min Pro - Worked on Burn Up!.
MOE: Hasn't been credited on a series since 2005.
Pacific Animation Corporation: Sometimes known as Pacific Animation Company, the studio is mostly known for Thunder Cats and SilverHawks. They were shortly bought by Disney and became Walt Disney Animation Japan and was mostly ran by Ex-Sanrio and TMS staff members. There is also another studio with the same name in Japan as well.
Po10tial: Was a unit of TMS, worked on Lupin II The Woman Called Fujiko Mine, merged with Telecom Animation Film in 2013 and has since worked on ZX Ignition and episode 2 of Space Dandy for Bones after the merger.
Production IMS - Formed by ex-AIC staff.
Radix - Known for Kikaider.
Shochiku Doga Kenkyujo: Formerly known as "Shochiku Kamata Satsueijo".
Spectrum Animation - A studio founded by Ex-TMS staff members. Its most well-known project was some episodes of Batman: The Animated Series.
Studio Cockpit - Shut down in 2016, exists in name only.
Studio G 1 Neo: Formerly Studio G1, Masami Obari's former studio.
Studio Korumi - Hasn't been credited since 1996.
Studio Kuma - Shut down in 2017 after the death of its founder.
Studio Wanpack - Ceased operations with the founder and CEO's passing.
Telescreen Japan - Telescreen's former Japanese unit.
Topcraft - Rankin/Bass's unit in Japan, the studio also did Hayao Miyazaki's Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind.
Trans Arts - A company known mainly by being a support studio and The Prince of Tennis.
Triangle Staff: Best known for Serial Experiments Lain.
Walt Disney Animation Japan - Folded in 2004. Many of its employees formed The Answer Studio.
Xebec - Sold off to Sunrise.
Anima 3 GmbH - Based in Germany. Worked on The Ketchup Vampires & Little Monsters: The Adventures of Koby & the Oakey Dokeys and nothing more.
Anima Studios - An animation studio in Israel. It did the Sniz & Fondue short "A Toxic Tail" and the 1998 version of The Hunchback of Notre Dame for Mondo TV.
Animation Works - An Australian studio that worked on The Silver Brumby and Dogstar.
Borisfen-Lutece - An animation studio in the Ukraine. May still be active, but its website is offline.
Chile Animación - Worked on What's with Andy? and The Kids From Room 402, and did additional animation on Chile's first animated film, Ogu and Mampato in Rapa Nui.
The Computer Film Company - A British firm that was later bought out, then absorbed by Framestore.
Denge Animation - Based in Turkey. Worked on Baydog and Albert sagt... Natur - aber nur!.
Eastman Kodak: Yes, the camera company. Also owned Cinesite until 2012.
Freelance Animators New Zealand - A studio in New Zealand (obviously).
Guimaraes Productions - Based in Brazil. Worked on four of the Disney Afternoon shows (Gummi Bears, Goof Troop, Bonkers, Aladdin) before closing.
ICA - Based in Hungary. Worked on The Ketchup Vampires and Carland Cross.
Jamie Diaz Productions - Based in Argentina. Worked on Fish Police, one episode of Aladdin ("Snowman is an Island"), one episode of Timon & Pumbaa ("Can't Take a Yolk"), and did storyboards for Capitol Critters, among a few other projects. Hasn't been active since 1996.
Mr. Big Cartoons - A studio in Australia that worked on various Hanna-Barbera shows, as well as several Games Animation episodes of The Ren & Stimpy Show.
Project X Animation - Based in New Zealand.
Slightly Off Beat Productions - Based in New Zealand.
Studio 100 - Based in Belgium. Worked on Samson En Gert, Kabouter Plop, and the 2012 Maya the Bee reboot.
Toonz Animation - Based in New Zealand. Worked on Timon & Pumbaa, Quack Pack, and The Shnookums & Meat Funny Cartoon Show (with Wang Film Productions), among other projects.
Varga Studio - Based in Hungary. Did animation for Baby Blues, one short of Animaniacs, and many other shows.
Walt Disney Animation Australia - Folded in 2006.
Walt Disney Animation France - Folded in 2003.
Walt Disney Animation U.K. - Worked on a few episodes of TaleSpin.
Sentai Filmworks (Licenses and releases new anime for broadcast by the Anime Network and media sold by Section23 Films).
Switchblade Pictures (Licenses new Asian live-action drama for broadcast by the Anime Network and media sold by Section23 Films).


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Given the proclivity of animals to fight for both resources and territory as natural competition, is it not possible to justify nearly any war? Even as a "higher order" species, as the population increases so too will competition. How has the idea that the strong shall not take from the meek become reprehensible? Isn't it simply natural?
Is it better to fight fairly and risk higher casualties than to fight unfairly and thereby reduce casualties? I think many of us have the intuition that war nowadays, despite incurring many fewer casualties than wars past, is much more disturbing for the fact that killing (e.g., by dropping bombs) (1) is so easy and (2) typically does not allow opponents any real self-defense. Is there anything to be said for a fair fight in war, or should our sole moral object be to minimize overall casualties?
I am in the part-time military and I may be deployed to active service. Can I reasonably justify the deaths of any people I am required to kill during operations?
Today's world seems to be highly critical of war. It is seen as destructive, inefficent and deeply immoral. Though I very much agree with this view, don't wars -and conflicts in general- build cultures and identities? Don't they push civilization to grow? Don't they set history in motion? The real question I have is: Does culture need conflict?
World peace is mentioned in popular culture many times and appears to be an ideal state for the world to be in. However, is world peace really capable of being achieved; or is it rather an illusion in all of our minds? It seems to me that there will never be world peace due to disagreements and conflicts that happen between people. Please fill me in on your views pertaining to this topic.
Taking into account history, isn't it justifiable to resort to terrorism in the face of a vast empire?
I've been wondering for some time now whether it is logically/morally defensible to be an absolute pacifist while practising a martial art. It's particularly troubling because I'm in that situation and I haven't - as yet - found a resolution to what appears to be an adherence to two conflicting philosophies.
Why is it ok to kill for your country no matter what the reason, but not ok to kill someone just because you don't like them? What is the difference?


Learning Outcomes Discuss and analyze drawings using the four steps of art criticism.
Complete contour and gesture drawings.
Demonstrate safe and proper use, care and storage of materials and tools.
Discuss and analyze paintings using the four steps of art criticism.
Explain preferences for works of art based on analysis of the elements and principles of art.
Solve artistic problems in their own work using the elements and principles of design with thought and reflection.
Develop proficiency of color mixing with acrylic, tempera and watercolor.
Develop proficiency applying color properties.
Apply a variety of painting techniques.
Demonstrate safe and proper use, care and storage of media, materials and equipment.
Discuss and analyze prints using the four steps of art criticism.
Describe their own responses to and interpretations of their own prints and those from various eras and cultures.
Generate symbols, adapt ideas and/or subject matter from an array of sources.
Use stenciling to create prints.
Printing many colors from a single block.
Discuss and analyze assemblage/ sculpture using the four steps of art criticism. Compare and contrast purposes for creating 3D works.
Solve artistic problems in their own work using the elements and principles with thought and reflection.
Create a work utilizing architectural/environmental structures.
Create a free standing sculpture.
Create a collage and/or mosaic utilizing a variety of paper, images, textures and/or material.
Create wearable item from a variety of materials.
Create an artwork utilizing weaving, and/or stitchery techniques.
-Demonstrate safe and proper use, care and storage of media, materials and equipment.
Significant Tasks Describing and analyzing drawings using the four steps of art criticism.
Illusion of volume and space.
Demonstrating alternate points of view: bird, eye and ant level.
Describing and analyzing paintings using the four steps of art criticism.
Applying elements and principles of design in compositions.
Describing and analyzing prints using the four steps of art criticism.
Creating prints using stenciling and collagraph techniques.
Making connections with other art forms or subject areas.
Describing and analyzing sculptures/assemblages using the four steps of art criticism.
Creating an assemblage, a relief and/or free standing sculpture.
Creating an artwork utilizing weaving, and/or stitchery techniques.


An administrator needs to segment internal traffic between layer 2 devices within the LAN. Which of the following types of network design elements would MOST likely be used?
Pete, a security administrator, is informed that people from the HR department should not have access to the accounting department’s server, and the accounting department should not have access to the HR department’s server. The network is separated by switches.
Which of the following is designed to keep the HR department users from accessing the accounting department’s server and vice-versa?
According to company policy an administrator must logically keep the Human Resources department separated from the Accounting department. Which of the following would be the simplest way to accomplish this?
A virtual local area network (VLAN) is a hardware-imposed network segmentation created by switches.
Review the following diagram depicting communication between PC1 and PC2 on each side of a router. Analyze the network traffic logs which show communication between the two computers as captured by the computer with IP 10.2.2.10.
Given the above information, which of the following can be inferred about the above environment?
Network address translation (NAT) allows you to share a connection to the public Internet via a single interface with a single public IP address. NAT maps the private addresses to the public address. In a typical configuration, a local network uses one of the designated “private” IP address subnets. A router on that network has a private address (192.168.1.1) in that address space, and is also connected to the Internet with a “public” address (10.2.2.1) assigned by an Internet service provider.
NAT serves as a basic firewall by only allowing incoming traffic that is in response to an internal system’s request.
A company’s business model was changed to provide more web presence and now its ERM software is no longer able to support the security needs of the company. The current data center will continue to provide network and security services. Which of the following network elements would be used to support the new business model?
Software as a Service (SaaS) allows for on-demand online access to specific software applications or suites without having to install it locally. This will allow the data center to continue providing network and security services.
The Chief Information Officer (CIO) has mandated web based Customer Relationship Management (CRM) business functions be moved offshore to reduce cost, reduce IT overheads, and improve availability. The Chief Risk Officer (CRO) has agreed with the CIO’s direction but has mandated that key authentication systems be run within the organization’s network.
Which of the following would BEST meet the CIO and CRO’s requirements?
An IT director is looking to reduce the footprint of their company’s server environment. They have decided to move several internally developed software applications to an alternate environment, supported by an external company. Which of the following BEST describes this arrangement?
Cloud users install operating-system images and their application software on the cloud infrastructure to deploy their applications. In this model, the cloud user patches and maintains the operating systems and the application software.
Which of the following offerings typically allows the customer to apply operating system patches?
One of the ways cloud computing is able to obtain cost efficiencies is by putting data from various clients on the same machines. This “multitenant” nature means that workloads from different clients can be on the same system, and a flaw in implementation could compromise security.
Which of the following devices is BEST suited to protect an HTTP-based application that is susceptible to injection attacks?
An application-level gateway firewall filters traffic based on user access, group membership, the application or service used, or even the type of resources being transmitted.
This type of firewall operates at the Application layer (Layer 7) of the OSI model.
Layered security is the practice of combining multiple mitigating security controls to protect resources and data.
A network engineer is designing a secure tunneled VPN. Which of the following protocols would be the MOST secure?
Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) came about through a partnership between Cisco and Microsoft with the intention of providing a more secure VPN protocol. L2TP is considered to be a more secure option than PPTP, as the IPSec protocol which holds more secure encryption algorithms, is utilized in conjunction with it. It also requires a pre-shared certificate or key. L2TP’s strongest level of encryption makes use of 168 bit keys, 3 DES encryption algorithm and requires two levels of authentication.
L2TP has a number of advantages in comparison to PPTP in terms of providing data integrity and authentication of origin verification designed to keep hackers from compromising the system. However, the increased overhead required to manage this elevated security means that it performs at a slower pace than PPTP.
Pete, a network administrator, is implementing IPv6 in the DMZ. Which of the following protocols must he allow through the firewall to ensure the web servers can be reached via IPv6 from an IPv6 enabled Internet host?
HTTP and HTTPS, which uses TCP port 80 and TCP port 443 respectively, is necessary for Communicating with Web servers. It should therefore be allowed through the firewall.
Which of the following ports and protocol types must be opened on a host with a host-based firewall to allow incoming SFTP connections?
SSH uses TCP port 22. All protocols encrypted by SSH, including SFTP, SHTTP, SCP, SExec, and slogin, also use TCP port 22.
A network administrator is asked to send a large file containing PII to a business associate.
Which of the following protocols is the BEST choice to use?
SFTP encrypts authentication and data traffic between the client and server by making use of SSH to provide secure FTP communications. As a result, SFTP offers protection for both the authentication traffic and the data transfer taking place between a client and server.
A. TFTP is slower than FTP.
B. TFTP is more secure than FTP.
C. TFTP utilizes TCP and FTP uses UDP.
D. TFTP utilizes UDP and FTP uses TCP.
FTP employs TCP ports 20 and 21 to establish and maintain client-to-server communications, whereas TFTP makes use of UDP port 69.
Which of the following is the default port for TFTP?
TFTP makes use of UDP port 69.
A network consists of various remote sites that connect back to two main locations. Pete, the security administrator, needs to block TELNET access into the network. Which of the following, by default, would be the BEST choice to accomplish this goal?
Telnet is a terminal-emulation network application that supports remote connectivity for executing commands and running applications but doesn’t support transfer of fi les. Telnet uses TCP port 23. Because it’s a clear text protocol and service, it should be avoided and replaced with SSH.
Which of the following was the colleague performing?
A. A hacking attempt to the some-host web server with the purpose of achieving a distributed denial of service attack.
B. A quick test to see if there is a service running on some-host TCP/443, which is being routed correctly and not blocked by a firewall.
C. Trying to establish an insecure remote management session. The colleague should be using SSH or terminal services instead.
D. A mistaken port being entered because telnet servers typically do not listen on port 443.
B: The Telnet program parameters are: telnet <hostname> <port> <hostname> is the name or IP address of the remote server to connect to. <port> is the port number of the service to use for the connection. TCP port 443 provides the HTTPS (used for secure web connections) service; it is the default SSL port. By running the Telnet some-host 443 command, the security analyst is checking that routing is done properly and not blocked by a firewall.
Which of the following secure file transfer methods uses port 22 by default?
A. The initialization vector of WEP uses a crack-able RC4 encryption algorithm.
Once enough packets are captured an XOR operation can be performed and the asymmetric keys can be derived.
B. The WEP key is stored in plain text and split in portions across 224 packets of random data.
Once enough packets are sniffed the IV portion of the packets can be removed leaving the plain text key.
C. The WEP key has a weak MD4 hashing algorithm used.
A simple rainbow table can be used to generate key possibilities due to MD4 collisions.
D. The WEP key is stored with a very small pool of random numbers to make the cipher text.
WEP is based on RC4, but due to errors in design and implementation, WEP is weak in a number of areas, two of which are the use of a static common key and poor implementation of initiation vectors (IVs). When the WEP key is discovered, the attacker can join the network and then listen in on all other wireless client communications.
Which of the following would satisfy wireless network implementation requirements to use mutual authentication and usernames and passwords?
PEAP-MS-CHAP v2 is easier to deploy than EAP-TLS or PEAP-TLS because user authentication is accomplished via password-base credentials (user name and password) rather than digital certificates or smart cards.
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Away from the town, several war refugees were taking shelter near the river struggling to catch fish, they must have been hurt too badly from past battles. That even pulling onto the fishing rod would cause them to much pain, it truly was a shame people that put their lives on the line couldn't do anything now, but at least this kingdom gave them some help by sending individuals, who still were able to do something for them. Sylvia traveled far to get here looking out towards the camp that they build. She walked up towards the group's leader having confidence in her voice. "I am here for the mission, which is to catch fish, where is everyone else?" She asked, looking right at them, but they were not impressed at all this little princess was going to help them with this? She was cute, and everything but really? As the group leader would now speak back, but his tone was annoying, nobody was even shocked by Sylvia's wand scythe thinking it to be for show and nothing more. "I'm sorry, doll, but you're the only one here, this job might be too much for you. It's best if you go home, wouldn't wish for a little cutie like you to catch a cold as it's going to rain soon if you like I can take you back home." She would sigh walking past him. "No thank you, I don't need help from the people below me." As you guessed Sylvia was only here to earn a name, and to do so the small jobs first, then the big ones, as she needed to be more known.
Sylvia wished to become a Queen little by little inside, people destroy her home, kings where fools letting down their own country, so why couldn't she become the next ruler, there were items out there that granted one power, if I could get one maybe. Well, that didn't matter right now Sylvia when towards the lake grabbing a rod. She closed her eye's for a moment, throwing the line out hitting the water just far enough. "It's simple, to catch something if I don't show my presence, then it should be easy to gather them all at once."
Job Overview: When you are walking around the mountain, you will be meeting an old lady living alone in a small wooden house. She seems panic because her beloved wolf pet is sick and because she still needs to sell some woods and vegetable to the town market, she couldn’t watch over her pet. Help her to take care of her wolf so she could still make some earnings until the wolf is healthy again and she will reward you.
Job Overview: In your way exploring the mountain, you will see an abandoned house in the middle of the area. Go check the house and you will see a young boy eating raw meat because he has no idea on how to cook or even how to start the water. Apparently, he lost his family because of bandits and he hid in the abandoned house ever since. Teach him how to survive and how to cook some decent food.
Job Overview: By the time you go to visit the boy again, you will notice how the abandoned house is burning, possibly because he is trying to lit a fire to cook food. Help him to extinguish the fire and bring him to meet the old woman that you helped before so he could stay for a bit unless the old lady changed her mind.
Job Overview: The old lady will ask you to help deliver some woods and vegetable to the market at the town because she wants to take care of the young boy who fell sick for a bit. Help her to deliver the goods and buy some medicine so the boy could be healthy again, she will give you reward after you did the chores.


The network's description: "After spending all of her 15 years bouncing from one foster family to another in Portland, Oregon, Lux (Britt Robertson, "Swingtown") has decided it's time to take control of her life and become an emancipated minor. Her journey through the legal maze leads Lux to her biological father, 30-something Nate "Baze" Bazile (Kristoffer Polaha, "Mad Men"), who owns a bar, lives like an aging frat-boy with two slacker roommates, and is astonished to learn that he has a teenage daughter. Lux is equally astonished when Baze reveals that her mother is Cate Cassidy (Shiri Appleby, "E.R."), a star on the local "Morning Madness" radio show, along with her on-air partner and real-life boyfriend, Ryan Thomas (Kerr Smith, "Eli Stone"). Lux has been listening to Cate's voice on the radio as long as she can remember, so she feels an instant connection with the mom she's never met. Baze takes Lux to meet Cate, who is shocked and saddened to learn that Lux has grown up in foster care, but thrilled to finally meet her beautiful daughter. When a judge decides that Lux isn't ready for emancipation and unexpectedly grants temporary joint custody to Baze and Cate, they agree to try to get past the awkwardness and make a belated attempt to give Lux the family she deserves. LIFE UNEXPECTED is produced by Mojo Films in association with CBS Television Studios and Warner Bros. Television with executive producers Liz Tigelaar ("Brothers and Sisters," "What About Brian") and Gary Fleder ("October Road"). Gary Fleder directed the pilot."
What did they leave out? "Life," originally known as "Light Years" and "Parental Discretion Advised," was the first pilot ordered for the 2009-10 season and the last pilot picked up to series.
The plot in a nutshell: Just two days before her 16th birthday, perennial foster child Lux (Britt Robertson) wants just one thing: to be emancipated. And she'll get her wish too, if she can track down her birth parents and have them sign away their rights to her. Up first: manchild Nate "Baze" Bazile (Kristoffer Polaha), whose aspirations don't involve much beyond sleeping above/drinking at his bar alongside roommates/fellow slackers Math (Austin Basis) and Jamie (Reggie Austin). Shocked to have the product of a Spin Doctors/Zima-fueled tryst from high school suddenly appear on his doorstep, Baze nevertheless agrees to help Lux in her quest. "Mom," much to Lux and his pals' surprise, then turns out to be Cate Cassidy (Shiri Appleby), host of Portland's popular K100 "Morning Madness" radio show. Billed as the city's tough-talking, unlucky-in-love sidekick to co-host Ryan Thomas (Kerr Smith), she nevertheless may have found "the one" in nice guy Ryan. Their relationship however hits the skids with the return of Baze/arrival of Lux as the pair open up all sorts of old wounds from the past. Lux however will have none of Baze and Cate's bickering as she deftly proclaims, in a sure-to-be-promoted quote, "You both can't be parents, you both need parents!" And despite their signatures, the judge shoots down Lux's emancipation petition, instead ordering her into the temporary joint custody of Baze and Cate. Thankfully, they just might be right people for the job.
What works: Old school WB in the best possible way, "Life" may be both the sappiest and the smartest show to come out the netlet to date. It all begins with the collective awesomeness that is Britt Robertson, Kristoffer Polaha, Shiri Appleby and Kerr Smith. Effortlessly charming, stunningly empathetic and an all around a joy to watch, our central quartet make what could be written off as a silly premise - two opposites must now raise the precocious product of their one night stand from high school! - into a surprisingly poignant tale about love and forgiveness. Britt Robertson will break your heart at least once in the pilot as her wise-beyond-her years, "Juno"-esque Lux simply asks the world why no one loves her. Credit writer Liz Tigelaar and director Gary Fleder for answering that question with two very real responses. In Baze's case, he didn't know about her but now that she's here, she's somehow unlocked an - for the lack of a better word - unexpectedly paternal part of himself. For Cate, it's the full grown reminder of a decade and a half of shame and mistrust as a result of her decision to give Lux up for adoption, one that becomes all the more soul crushing after learning she never got adopted. Now in order to take care of Lux she'll have to do the previously unthinkable - fix herself. In other words, both Baze and Cate definitely need some growing up - and Lux is the kick they need to do it. It's a wonderfully adult take on your typical quarterlife crisis as I genuinely want to know what made these people who they are and see what they become.
The bottom line: ...it's the start of a beautifully charming series.


A pizza deliveryman who robbed a bank and was killed when the bomb around his neck exploded was not a hostage — he was a conspirator in the plot, federal authorities said Wednesday.
However, in the indictments unsealed Wednesday, Wells is named as a co-conspirator in the bizarre case. Two other people, Marjorie Diehl-Armstrong and her friend, Kenneth E. Barnes, are charged with bank robbery and conspiracy.
Authorities said the plot was concocted so Diehl-Armstrong, 58, could pay someone to kill her father.
Diehl-Armstrong and Barnes are accused of contriving a series of notes to make Wells appear to be "merely a hostage," according to the indictments..
Their plan was to get the money from Wells in a way that if he was caught, he could claim he was an unwilling participant, authorities said in court papers. According to the indictments, they locked a live bomb onto Well's neck to ensure he followed their instructions and turned over the money.
They came up with a bizarre neck-bomb plot to insure that Wells came back with the money, and that if caught, he could claim he was an innocent victim and that if something went wrong, Wells would die and could not testify against the others, reports CBS News Correspondent Cynthia Bowers.
"If he died, he could not be a witness," authorities said in the indictment.
U.S. Attorney Mary Beth Buchanan described Wells as having a limited role in the plot and couldn't comment on what his motive might have been for being involved. The bomb that killed Wells was on a timer but it was unclear if his co-conspirators planned on his death, she said.
"Sadly, the plans of these other individuals were much more sinister ... and he died as a result," Buchanan said. "It may be that his role transitioned from that of the planning stages to being an unwilling participant in the scheme."
As the feds tried to lay out their case today, there were emotional outbursts from Wells' distraught family, reports Bowers.
Wells' brother John said that no one would willingly put a bomb on themselves, stating, "I can't imagine that they're trying to get the public to believe this."
Barnes, 53, is jailed in Erie County on unrelated drug charges. Authorities have described him as Diehl-Armstrong's fishing companion.
Diehl-Armstrong was notified Tuesday that she may face charges of bank robbery, conspiracy and a firearms count, lawyer Lawrence D'Ambrosio said. He says she is innocent.
Wells set out to deliver an order for two pizzas to a mysterious address that turned out to be the location of a TV tower on Aug. 28, 2003. He turned up about an hour later and roughly 2 miles away at a PNC Bank branch, with a note demanding money and saying he had a bomb.
Jim Sadowski, a former co-worker of Wells, said he does not believe his friend could have been involved.
"I worked with him and I knew him. I just don't see him doing anything like that. He was a nice person," Sadowski said.
Diehl-Armstrong has been linked to the Wells investigation because her boyfriend's body was found in the freezer of a home near the TV tower where Wells made his final delivery. She pleaded guilty but mentally ill to killing her boyfriend and is serving a sentence of seven to 20 years in state prison.


A French policeman and his wife were brutally murdered on Monday night in what the French government has described as an "appalling act of terrorism".
A man who claimed allegiance to the Islamic State group stabbed a French policeman and his partner to death on Monday night before he was killed in a dramatic police operation, sources close to the investigation said.
The brutal murder has been labelled an "appalling act of terrorism" by France's Interior Minister Bernard Cazeneuve on Tuesday morning.
President François Hollande then told reporters that the couple had been killed in a "cowardly act, that was unquestionably a terrorist attack".
Hollande reminded the country that they faced a "very significant terror threat".
Earlier a news agency linked to Isis said the attack had been carried out by an "Islamic State fighter", days after posting a similar claim following the massacre at a gay club in Orlando, Florida.
The suspect behind the French policeman's killing was named as 25-year-old Larossi Abballa, who had known Jihadist links.
French prosecutors have launched an anti-terror probe after the policeman and his partner were killed at their home in the Paris suburb of Magnanville.
Witnesses told investigators the man may have shouted "Allahu akbar" (God is greatest) as he stabbed the policeman repeatedly outside his home before holing up inside with the woman and the couple's three-year-old son.
Loud detonations were heard at the scene as elite RAID police moved in following failed negotiations with the attacker, who claimed allegiance to Isis while talking to officers, sources close to the inquiry told AFP.
"The anti-terror department of the Paris prosecution service is taking into account at this stage the mode of operation, the target and the comments made during negotiations with the RAID," one source said.
The SITE Intelligence Group, a US-based monitor, cited the Isis-linked Amaq News Agency as saying on its Telegram channels: "Islamic State fighter kills deputy chief of the police station in the city of Les Mureaux and his wife with blade weapons near #Paris."
Sources have told Le Figaro newspaper that the suspect was already known to French intelligence services after spending time in prison for being a member of a jihadist recruitment group.
At the nearby art and theatre school Ecole des 4 z'Arts, a receptionist told The Local on Tuesday morning that she'd just heard the news and she was shocked.
"You never think it's never going to happen where you live," she told The Local.
A worker at the nearby Taxi Belaid service was lost for words.
"I don't even know how to talk about it, it's dreadful," he told The Local.
The killing came after a gunman claiming to be acting in the name of Isis shot dead 49 people at a gay nightclub in Orlando, Florida on Sunday in the worst mass shooting in US history.
The bloodshed also comes as France hosts the Euro 2016 football tournament under tight security -- still reeling from jihadist attacks in Paris last November that left 130 people dead.
The attacker was yet to be identified and neither of the victims was named, but the slain policeman was known to be 42 years old and worked in nearby Les Mureaux.
His partner was a local police official.
President Francois Hollande said in an earlier statement that he "strongly condemned this odious act".
"A police commander and his partner, a civil servant at the interior ministry, were shamefully murdered this evening," Hollande said.
"All light will be shed on the circumstances of this terrible tragedy," he added, announcing a meeting of top officials at the presidential palace early Tuesday.
Officers found the woman's body when they stormed the house, and the attacker was killed during the assault, interior ministry spokesman Pierre-Henry Brandet said.
Police sources had told AFP earlier in the evening that the attacker had taken the policeman's partner and son hostage after stabbing the officer to death as he returned home around 9:00 pm (1900 GMT).
Residents were quickly evacuated from the neighbourhood as police moved in and blocked off roads, an AFP journalist said.
RAID officers "arrived rapidly on the scene. Negotiations were launched and an assault plan was put in place," said Brandet.
But the negotiations were "unsuccessful" and authorities decided to launch an assault around midnight, he added.
A helicopter was on the ground a few hundred metres away from the scene of the attack, while several fire trucks and ambulances were seen leaving the security perimeter.
Interior Minister Bernard Cazeneuve expressed his "infinite sadness" at the death of the policeman and his partner, but praised the "great composure and great professionalism" of the elite officers.


Playbill - Opus, the Barrymore Award-nominated play about turmoil within a string quartet, opens Oct. 20 in its Southeastern premiere at Florida Stage.
AP - "Silence on the set," ordered movie director Xavier Mussel as he grabbed his cell phone — not to make a call but to film another scene for his short film.
Reuters - Kelly Preston and Michelle Trachtenberg have sparked to "The Possibility of Fireflies."
Reuters - Lady Sovereign feels like an idiot. It's August 2005 and the U.K. hip-hop sensation (born Louise Harman) is standing in the New York office of Def Jam Records president Sean "Jay-Z" Carter.
Reuters - Since her first U.S. hit in 1971, Olivia Newton-John has maintained standing as a beloved artist across a demographic swath that is practically unparalleled. A staple on country, pop, adult contemporary and dance radio, she has logged more than 40 songs on the Billboard Hot 100. Her new "Grace & Gratitude" -- Newton-John's 30th album -- is her way of trying to return the favor.
Reuters - Rock band Jars of Clay, which launched in the Christian market before crossing over to mainstream success with the 1995 hit "Flood," has hit No. 3 on Billboard's Top Christian Albums chart with its new release, "Good Monsters."
Reuters - When you're already considered an R&B veteran at only 26, how do you maintain your competitive edge among the newcomers now ruling the roost? If you're Monica, you just keep pushing.
Reuters - Courtney Love rocks back and forth, lights a cigarette and sings -- words coming to her as she finds the melody. Producer Linda Perry says, "Yeah, yeah. I like that." The band finds the beat, and the song that materializes is one of the last to be recorded for Love's new album.
Reuters - John Legend cranks the classic dial way up on sophomore effort "Once Again," a timeless, feel-good album that could easily slide into your papa's Sam Cooke and Percy Sledge collections, yet still sounds contemporary.
Reuters - "Jay-Z can do better" has been the consensus about the rapper's comeback single, "Show Me What You Got," from forthcoming "Kingdom Come.
AP - Melissa Etheridge and her partner, Tammy Lynn Michaels, are the new parents of twins, the couple announced Friday.


What was it like training with the real Micky and Dicky?
Just essential, you know, I mean Mark [Wahlberg] was always leagues ahead because he'd been training for this for so long anyway; he has his own boxing ring in his house. For me it just was a wonderful opportunity to hang out with Micky and Dicky, get to know them, get to understand their fighting styles to use it as a means of dropping the weight that I needed to lose in order to look like a welter weight and then a crack head. I just enjoyed it immensely, I enjoyed their company.
How did you transform to get into your role?
Same with anyone you know, you kind of start off and you go, "yeah I like this story" and then you go "holy crap, how am going to do it, I've forgotten how to do this". I never took any classes, I just go like "I better wing this one again and make it up!" Slowly, you find ways brick by brick of building it up, and it feels like hard work and you feel like you're going to fail everybody. Then eventually it's just kind of happening and it's slipping in, then you forget that you went through the hard work and you think it was all easy.
What is the movie about and what are the main themes that emerge in The Fighter?
The Fighter is about brotherly love, it's about loyalty, about family, family dysfunctions, the need to change, the pain of change, but ultimately, the triumph of people who love each other, managing to find a healthy way to unite and that they're unstoppable at that point.


Similar to Gen X pop culture, but no 70s and more focus on the late 80s, 90s, and early 2000s.
An alternative term to “Xennial”, Slate Magazine coined the term “Generation Catalano” to describe the micro-generation born during the late 70s/early 80s. This is in reference to the character of Jordan Catalano, played by a young Jared Leto, from what short-lived 1994 ABC TV series?
This is a still from the music video to what 1994 song?
This is a saxophone rendition of the song advertising what fictional hair product?
Provide the correct four-letter, interrogative caption for this photo. On internet forums and chat rooms in the early 2000s, this phrase became a popular snarky response to any obvious or blatantly false statement.
Brad Fitzpatrick launched what early social networking website in 1999 as a means to keep up with his high school friends? The site still exists, and certainly thrives in Russia, though few people in the US use it today (even George RR Martin recently jumped ship).
Current Music: blink-182 - What's My Age Again?
In Fall 1990, the fledgling FOX network, emboldened by the success of the first season of The Simpsons, decided to air the cartoon on Thursday nights at 8:00pm ET, head-to-head against what #1 rated NBC sitcom? Two years later, with declining ratings, this sitcom was canceled.
What rapper, along with guitarist Ernie C, co-founded the rap metal crossover band Body Count in 1992? Cop Killer, a song from their eponymous debut album, became the subject of condemnation from politicians and law enforcement agencies, especially after the tensions that stemmed from the Rodney King trial and the LA riots.
In the music video segments of their show, Beavis and Butthead relentlessly ripped apart songs or artists that they thought sucked. But there were two instances in which the music video left them utterly speechless, with the duo showing the look of horror before changing the channel without saying a word. Name both songs: both topped the Hot 100 in 1989 and 1990 respectively, and both songs had the word “baby” somewhere in the title.
WELCOME TO MY HOME PAGE !!!!!!!!
Pictured here is the cast of what teen comedy/drama series that aired on the WB from 1999-2001? The show is notable for being the first TV series created by Ryan Murphy, and its tendency to brush with hyper-reality makes it a spiritual predecessor to some of his later creations, such as Glee and Scream Queens.


What products can I use with skin camouflage?
You can use a wide variety of products both underneath and on top of your skin camouflage.
Many products are often used beneath skin camouflage without causing a problem. If you are using an acne treatment, moisturiser, invisible primer and/or a sunscreen then you should apply it to your skin before you apply your skin camouflage.
You will need to allow a few minutes for your skin to absorb these products, and remove any excess residue as it can prevent the skin camouflage from staying in place.
Decorative makeup is commonly used on top of skin camouflage and both powder and liquid makeup products are fine to use. Skin camouflage is also frequently used as a foundation, although you can also use a makeup foundation on top of and underneath skin camouflage.
However, you should avoid using makeup products that are similar in colour to the skin discolouration that you have covered using your skin camouflage. Using a makeup that is similar in colour to the discolouration that you have covered can play a trick on your eye and make it seem like the skin discolouration is showing through your camouflage, even when it is not.
For example, if you use a pink-red blusher on your cheeks after you have covered reddish acne then it may appear as though the acne is still visible through the skin camouflage and makeup. This is because you are likely to be very familiar with your own face and your mind will make automatic assumptions as to what it perceives when it sees the pink-red colour.


Linux or Windows – which operating system is the best choice for me?
The operating system that you use on your computer should not govern your choice, all 1&1 IONOS packages come with FTP access and a range of web page publishing options, so if your computer runs on Microsoft® Windows® for instance, it doesn't mean you have to opt for Microsoft web hosting; Linux hosting works just as well as Windows hosting.
Consider the tools and scripting language you plan to use – if you use PHP, MySQL, or Perl together with a variety of software programs, Linux is the one for you. If the applications you plan to use are Windows-specific, then Windows hosting is likely to be the right choice. Either way, check out all the features on the 1&1 IONOS shared hosting packages available, and you'll see the variety of ways you'll be able to bring your web project to life.
When it comes to web hosting, Linux is widely considered to be the best operating system for web servers. Characteristically reliable, stable, and efficient, Linux is proven in the most demanding environments of web and mail servers.
If you plan to incorporate work that uses PHP, Perl, or MySQL languages, Linux is the solution you should choose. Linux is also ideal for the kind of websites that display information as a brochure, in newsletter format, or as data sheets. Linux works well for 'brochure-ware' sites that offer interaction via inquiry forms, online purchasing, and other eCommerce functions.
When looking for ready-to-use solutions to power your website, applications such as blogs, content management systems, or discussion boards, more open source applications can be found for Linux hosting, while software for Windows® hosting is more likely to be based on licensed sources you have to pay for.
Windows facilitates varying degrees of design and management through a drag-and-drop philosophy, via .Net Framework, and SharePoint. Windows presents an advantage when it comes to the integration of Windows applications when you're designing your website. Essential Windows-specific applications such as ASP® will work particularly comfortably with a 1&1 IONOS Windows® hosting package.
Windows also presents an advantage if you plan to incorporate searchable databases to your website. The reduced development time and better-integrated functionality characteristics of Windows® Hosting offer a real advantage for users wishing to incorporate database facilities to their website.
It's impossible to make a general recommendation because your choice depends on the requirements of your hosting or website project. But Linux has the advantage of working on 70% of webservers worldwide, so that might be a minor advantage.


As Brian Williams star comes crashing down, call his story about being on that helicopter that crashed in Iraq whatever you like--embellishing, fabricating, lying. It's far more interesting to conjecture about why he might have done it in the first place.
Maureen Dowd, never a shrinking violet, uses the word "pathological" as she wonders in her column why on earth a guy who already had the "premier job at NBC News" would feel "that he needed Hemimngwayesque, bullets-whizzing-by flourishes to puff himself up," citing his "reach for celebrity" and, as one NBC reporter tells her, that "there was no one around to pull his chin when he got too far over the top." Maybe. She also makes the obvious point, as have many others, that network news has for so long now been "part of the entertainment, branding and cross promotion business" that it's really quite absurd in this day and age to expect anything like accuracy and objectivity in network news.
Personally I lost all respect for network news during the reporting of the crack "epidemic" way back in the 1980s, when all three networks in a wild stampede of sensationalism routinely fabricated stories about "crack babies" that fed a national hysteria and scored the highest ratings since Watergate. I haven't trusted them since.
Certainly It's ironic--perhaps delusional?--that at a time when the most bold-faced lies are told on a daily basis from the pinnacles of government to churches to the world of business, we should still expect honesty, integrity and accuracy from our news anchors, non-fiction writers, and academics. But we do.
Speaking of Watergate, it marked the zenith of respect for the media in this country, when the reporting of Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein brought the lies of Richard Nixon to account, leading to his resignation. Woodward has since gone on to become one of the most respected doyens of American journalism, publishing book after best-selling book about politics and government.
When I was researching the John Belushi story for my last book, I had occasion to carefully study Wodward's book Wired for the accuracy of its reporting about Belushi. How accurate was the book? All I will do is quote Penny Marshall, one of scores of people he interviewed, who were shocked by the book: "It makes you wonder if Nixon might have been innocent."
But still, even in a world where Bob Woodward, one of our paragons of journalistic integrity, is really no more credible than a tabloid entertainer--Kitty Kelley with a Pulitzer--one has to wonder what Williams was thinking.
Being on television in front of millions, was it just pure hubris to think no one would ever call him on such a story? And his claim to "misremember" is the most absurd of all: Despite complete chaos and shock, people in war zones are in such a state of hyper-vigilance that they tend to remember everything.
I suspect that Williams has been telling stories like this his whole life in one form or another. Sure, he might have thought that coming off as Sebastian Junger might have made him cooler, more heroic, giving him a leg up against the competition, but he probably told the story for the same reason anyone ever tells a tall tale: it's just a better story than how it really happened. And if you tell a story over and over for long enough, it can become very real in your mind. Much more vivid than the truth. That may be pathology, but it's also human nature.
I don't know what happened, but I do know that this is not the end of Brian Williams. Our national celebrity obsession dictates a second chance for him, and forgiveness is as much as part of the celebrity equation as schadenfreude.
Brian Williams will be back, but one way or another he'll never be the same.