So who should host the baby shower? Traditionally, only non-relatives are to host a baby shower -- co-workers, church groups, etc.; however, it has become more common and acceptable for mothers and sisters to host showers too. The important thing is that someone take the initiative to host the shower -- what a wonderful display of caring for a growing family and a special way to help welcome a new life into the world. It is also perfectly acceptable for more than one person to host a baby shower. It can be fun for a group of friends to share the responsibilities and excitement of planning and hosting this special event.
When it comes to inviting guests, you likely have some idea of those you want to invite to the shower, but it is always a safe bet to run the guest list by the mom-to-be to ensure you haven't left anyone out.
You can invite guests via a phone call or an e-mail (be sure they check their mail regularly!), but the written invitation is still the most preferable way to kick off a shower. You can even find baby shower ecard invitations online. Just do a simple search online and I'm sure you'll find one. No matter what type of invitation you use, be sure to include pertinent information -- whether it regards a theme, a note of where the mom-to-be has registered, a map or written directions to the shower, or any special item you want the guests to bring for the mom.
Showers are normally given a month or two before the mom's due date. It's a good idea to give the mom enough time following the shower to shop for items she didn't receive, yet wants to have before the baby arrives. And of course you don't want to hold the shower too close to baby's due date in case he or she makes an early arrival!
Baby showers are normally held in the home of the hostess. If desired though, you can certainly host a shower at a church fellowship area, a favorite restaurant, or even at a banquet hall -- it really all depends on what atmosphere you are looking for and how much money you want to spend. If the shower will be held in a restaurant, make reservations at least two weeks prior to the date. At one - week prior, one of the organizers should speak with the manager to confirm the details.
The shower should last around one and a half to two hours. Things may wind down early or they may likely continue on as guests chat together.
There are many variations on showers, but we have devised a general "schedule" for baby showers. You can add/remove any part and re-order it to your liking.
After all or almost all guests have arrived, go around the room and have each guest introduce themselves and identify how they know the mother-to-be.
Play 2-4 Shower Games. It is good to play games at the beginning as ice-breakers. Remember some guests may not know *anyone* but the mother-to-be.
Let everyone go get whatever food may be available and then once everyone has been served, the mother-to-be can begin to open her gifts. Be sure to have someone write down each gift and who it is from. It will make sending thank-you notes a lot easier.
People chat and usually leave a few at a time. Make sure the mother-to-be gets to say goodbye to everyone and the hostess thanks the person for attending. If the hostess has shower favors, they should give this to the guest now.


How can I use the file's modification date & time without MDTM or MFMT support?
If your FTP server does not support setting the files last modification date & time (either by using the MFMT or MDTM commands, or via the SITE UTIME command) then SyncBackFree/SE/Pro can change the local source files last modification date & time to match that of the file on the FTP server if that might help (it will not do so by default, but you can select the option "If the FTP server cannot set a files date & time then change the local files date & time to match that on the server" on the main FTP settings page).
An alternative to using FTP is to use SyncBack Touch. SyncBack Touch is a cross-platform file server. It lets SyncBackPro and SyncBackSE copy files to and from another device, e.g. Windows, macOS, Linux or Android device, over the network (LAN or Internet) just like an FTP server. SyncBackFree cannot use SyncBack Touch.


The Ankle Replacement doctor typically first sees the results of the tests ordered to assess the overall health of the patient. Based on the initial assessment, the doctor would prepare a treatment plan tailored according to the individualized needs of the patients. The treatment plan for Ankle Replacement, its alternative options, the pros and cons associated with each option and the treatment cost is thoroughly discussed with the patient to seek their approval.
Once the patient gives his or her consent, the Ankle Replacement surgeon addresses his team members and shares the details of the case with them. The team members prepare for Ankle Replacement and share a scheduled date of the procedure with the patient. The patient is advised to follow a few instructions as given by the Ankle Replacement surgeon. In addition, the Ankle Replacement hospital initiates the formalities and informs the patient about the estimated cost. The patient is accordingly required to submit documents for any insurance claim approval.
What is the Ankle Replacement surgeon responsible for?
The surgeon is responsible for the preoperative diagnosis of the Ankle Replacement patient, for performing the operation, and for providing the patient with postoperative surgical care and treatment. The surgeon is worked as the leader of the Ankle Replacement surgical team.


What kind of monster would savagely beat an elderly woman until her skull fractured and then leave her to die on a cold, hard basement floor?
Investigators from South Detectives are trying desperately to answer that question as they piece together a disturbing attack from earlier this month.
On the bright, chilly morning of Feb. 2, an 82-year-old woman walked from her South Philly rowhouse to the Beneficial Savings Bank on the corner of Broad Street and Snyder Avenue.
The woman cashed her Social Security check and then walked to a Rite Aid on the block. The elderly woman, hunched over and relying on a cane to walk, didn't realize she was being stalked, said Sgt. Brian Sprowal of South Detectives.
Sprowal said a twentysomething black man wearing a black knit cap, black jacket with white patches and black pants, followed her into the Rite Aid, where she made a brief purchase. He followed her back to her home on Iseminger Street near Snyder.
When the woman reached her front door, the silent stalker pounced on her. "He savagely beat her about the head and body, and then dragged her down to her basement," Sprowal said.
After rifling through her wallet - which only contained an I.D. card and spare change - the heartless brute issued a chilling warning to his bloodied victim: "He said, 'If you try to get up, I'll finish you off,' " Sprowal said.
A neighbor found the elderly woman, whose name was not released. She was taken to Thomas Jefferson University Hospital with face and head fractures, bruised ribs and a host of other injuries. After several surgeries, she's in stable condition, Sprowal said.
Sprowal said police dusted pill bottles that the suspect touched inside Rite Aid for fingerprints, but they have yet to track him down.
"It seems like an isolated incident," Sprowal said. "But I'm disturbed that he had the confidence to just go into her home like that."


He had a whirlwind year in 2015 with the runaway success of his latest James Bond installment Spectre.
So who could blame Daniel Craig for having a splashing time on a well earned break with his stunning wife Rachel Weisz in Turks and Caicos?
Daniel, 47, who plays James Bond covered up his muscles in a T-shirt before swimming out in the ocean, while his real life Bond girl Rachel, 45, oozed glamour in her glamorous swimwear.
The movie star couple looked relaxed as they soaked up the sun in the Caribbean as they kicked off January in style.
Rachel, 45, looked alluring in a black bikini, which flattered her figure in every way.
The actress and mother-of-one wore her brunette locks up in a bun with a few curly tendrils falling around to frame her face.
Rachel, who has son Henry Chance, aged nine, from a previous relationship, looked phenomenal in her simple yet chic swimwear.
She let her natural beauty shine through as she stepped out without a scrap of make-up - totally owning her off-duty look.
Earlier in the day she had covered up in a baggy black shirt that showed off her toned legs as she strolled along the coast with her hubby.
She wore a stylish brown handbag to complete the relaxed look as she strolled through the sand in the idyllic location.
The couple, who have been married for four years, looked totally loved up as they lounged together on the white sands.
Her strapping husband Daniel took time off his action-packed work schedule to relax with his wife, as he chatted to her while she slipped out of her black cover-up shirt, to soak up the sun in her alluring two-piece.
Daniel, famed for looking polished in a black tuxedo as James Bond, swapped his tux for a casual T-shirt as he relaxed on a deck chair.
He wore the baggy blue top with a pair of khaki green shorts - which flattered his gym-honed legs as he chilled out with Rachel.
It looks like Daniel and Rachel made the most of their cultural vacation by taking in the local delights on their sun-kissed holiday to Turks and Caicos.
The superstar couple enjoyed sipping drinks straight from a coconut on a sun-kissed beach holiday in the Caribbean.
Their trip comes after a super busy and successful 2015, when Daniel reprised his role in box office smash Spectre.
After hanging with his wife who was busy reading a book on her sun lounger - it was time for Daniel to strip off and head to the sea to unwind in the deep blue ocean.
The Layer Cake star did not need much convincing to sample the picturesque waters.
He looked out to the ocean to take in the view on his idyllic vacation.
Shirtless: Daniel headed straight for the glorious ocean, wearing sunglasses as he took in thew rays on vacation.
Shirtless Daniel Craig headed straight for the glorious ocean, wearing sunglasses as he took in thew rays on vacation.
His golden hair was pushed back off his face - as he created a scene reminiscent of his iconic shot from his Bond movie Casino Royale where his ripped torso emerging from the water.
He looked as cool as ice as he swam out to enjoy the clear blue ocean as his wife looked on.
A dragon-like tattoo on his arm could be seen as he bobbed about in the ocean.
After his dip it was time to throw his shirt back on and head back to their resort.
Daniel rocked his wet look as he strolled in the beautiful white sand carrying a rucksack.
Rachel was ever the beach babe as she strolled behind him with her wet hair pinned up into a bun, and clutching her books she was reading all day.
Rachel looked graceful in her black cover-up after another relaxing day in paradise.


Am I right that only the creator can post to a Google+ page though? It's not much of a user group when it relies on only one person for its content.
You are correct - currently only the owner of a page can post to the page.
The point of the User Group pages is that people can follow them in public, hence making the pages lists of people that would like to be considered as a member of the respective user group.
The page itself can be used to publish the current list of followers bi-weekly, but.
That way you can add those of the visible users/pages you want to follow to your own Delphi circle.
Think of it as voluntary directories that are self maintaining. You can lurk, but if you want people to discover your Delphi posts, you should create your own Delphi page, and from that page, follow the relevant user group pages to become visible to other Delphi users.
Sheesh - I look forward to G+ comments on Blogger - hate that I can't edit them!
The page itself can be used to publish the current list of public followers bi-weekly, but that is not strictly necessary.
I am hoping that Google will add a functionality that allow followers to create a joint stream through a page, thus making pages into self-curating focal points, i.e. interest groups.


Question 1 A child is wandering through a park chasing a butterfly. Immediately after entering the park, he moves 8 meters East, 4 meters South, 6 meters West, 5 meters North and finally another 4 meters West.
Question 2 Two cars A and B are traveling on an interstate which runs North and South (similar to I-75 on the west side of the state). Car A travels 605 km in 5 hours while car B travels 726 km in 6 hours.
Based on this information, which of the following statements must be TRUE?
Question 4 A car moving at a constant speed MUST also be moving at a constant velocity.
Question 6 If a student runs one full circuit around a track, totaling 400 meters, in 63 seconds, he would have maintained an average velocity having a magnitude of _______ m/sec.
Question 7 Which of the following quantities is NOT a vector?
Question 8 A truck delivering interstate mail travels 726 kilometers in ten hours. Approximately how far should it have traveled 6 hours after beginning its trip?
Question 9 The position of two blocks at successive 0.20 second time intervals are represented by the numbered squares in the diagram below. The blocks are moving toward the right.
During which interval is the top block always moving at a faster speed than the bottom block?


Objective 1. Explore the genetic and physiological mechanisms of stable fly feeding and reproduction to identify novel control targets and to develop more efficient behavior modifying compounds. Sub-objective 1.A. Identify and characterize genes that have a role in the olfactory and gustatory pathways of biting flies. Sub-objective 1.B. Elucidate the mechanisms of blood-feeding in biting flies by characterizing the structure and neurophysiology of the cibarial pump, a key component of the feeding system for blood ingestion in the stable fly and other blood-feeding fly species. Sub-objective 1.C. Identify key neurotransmitters and/or receptors from biting flies and characterize their roles in mating and egg-laying behaviors. Objective 2. Develop gene silencing tools to facilitate the functional characterization of novel control targets in biting flies, with a particular emphasis on genes that play a role in feeding and reproduction. Objective 3. Develop genomic resources to support the initiation of a genome sequencing project for biting flies that impact livestock.
The objectives of this project will be achieved using multidisciplinary approaches including molecular biology, immunohistochemistry, neurophysiology, and behavioral assays. Genes that play a critical role in olfaction and gestation of biting flies will be identified and characterized using pyrosequencing technology. Messenger RNA will be isolated from dissected olfactory and gustatory organs of the stable fly and used as template in the synthesis of double-stranded cDNA. Annotation of the stable fly transcriptome database representing genes expressed at different developmental stages will be accomplished by comparison to Drosophila sequences. Sequences encoding putative chemoreceptors will be isolated. The temporal and spatial expression patterns of the chemosensory gene sequences will be characterized using non-quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR and in situ hybridization techniques. The mechanisms of blood feeding in biting flies will be determined by identifying neurotransmitters in the feeding system and characterizing the cibarial pump function. Immonohistological techniques will be used to localize the specific neurotransmitters in neurons innervating the cibarial muscles. An in vitro blood feeding system will be developed and used in conjunction with the electrophysiological recording system to characterize cibarial pump function. Neurotransmitters (receptors) that are critical for blood feeding will be determined through pharmacological experiments involving agonists and antagonists. Neurotransmitters (receptors) that are critical to biting fly reproduction will be similarly identified and characterized. Immunohistological techniques will be used to identify specific neurotransmitters in neurons innervating testes in males and ovary/oviduct in females. Roles of specific neurotransmitters (receptors) in sperm transfer and egg-laying will be determined through behavioral and pharmacological experiments. Neurotransmitters that are critical for egg-laying behaviors will be further characterized by electrophysiological recordings of oviduct contraction in reduced fly preparations. Genes encoding receptors of key neurotransmitters in the sensory, feeding and reproductive systems will be identified. Gene-silencing tools will be developed to facilitate the functional characterization of novel control targets, particularly on genes that play critical roles in blood feeding and reproduction of biting flies. The double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of a target gene will be synthesized and used for gene silencing. Microinjection techniques that are suitable for injecting dsRNA will be adopted from available insect protocols and be optimized for injecting the stable fly. The effects of gene silencing will be evaluated by measurement of transcript reduction using quantitative real-time PCR and/or by monitoring changes in key behaviors, including responses to chemical cues and mating /egg-laying success. Finally, a first generation genetic linkage map will be developed and a bacteria artificial chromosome (BAC) library will be constructed to support the initiation of a genome sequencing project for biting flies affecting livestock.


The mother of missing schoolgirl Danielle Jones today made an emotional plea for help to end the family's nightmare.
Linda Jones, 41, appeared at a press conference at Grays in Essex and fought back tears as she called on the public to aid the search for her 15-year-old daughter.
"I want someone to come forward to the police to put an end to this, as we cannot go on like this."
She added: "We are coping the best we can. You just wake up and think it is not real, but it is, and just try and get through it the best you can."
The teenager disappeared in Coronation Avenue, East Tilbury, after leaving her home at 8am on Monday June 18 to walk a short distance to catch a bus to school.
She has not been seen since, and numerous searches of marshes and common land in the area of south Essex have failed to find any trace of her.
Mrs Jones, who looked tired and withdrawn at the appeal today, said that Danielle's two younger brothers Ryan, 13 and Michael, 10 are desperate to see their sister.
She said: "My two boys are missing their big sister so desperately.
"The youngest is not fully aware of everything, but they both cannot understand why she has not made contact.
"It is just so hard, you jut watch the clock go round and hope you'll hear something."
Danielle was abducted as they have had no contact or positive sightings of her in the last two and a half weeks.
He said: "I think it is increasingly likely that she was abducted on that Monday morning, but beyond that I do not want to speculate on how many people were involved.
"Clearly Linda and her husband, (Tony, 40,) are still holding out hope that Danielle will be found alive, but I think we have to face that something more serious could have happened."
The senior detective appealed for anyone who had seen the missing girl in the last two-and-a-half weeks, or knows where she is, to come forward.
He also urged anyone that saw a girl getting into a car in Coronation Avenue the day she went missing to get in touch.


helps your lecturers by indicating parts in your assignments that use very similar words to other documents in their database.
generates a report based on the percentage of similarities between your assignment and other works in the database. This is called the Originality Report.
will allow you to see the Originality Reports depending how your lecturer set up the assignment.
Can I see the Turnitin report on my piece of work?
The University's guideline is that you should generally be allowed to see a report on one draft before your final submission. The module co-ordinator will have created the correct settings for Turnitin when they set up the assignment submission link in Blackboard. Look in your handbook or ask the module co-ordinator to find out how to submit the draft and see the report.
I got a high number in a Turnitin report. What does that mean?
Turnitin is not a plagiarism detector. It is a tool that helps your lecturers by showing parts of your assignments that use very similar words to other documents in their database. Your lecturer will look at the report and use their judgment to see if the number reflects a real problem with how you have done the assignment. For example, they will ignore groups of words that very commonly appear together (like "University of Bradford Faculty of Social Sciences"). Also, they look to see if you have pointed out that you are using somebody else's work. It is acceptable to have a section in your assignment that is a quote from a website, a book or a source of any kind, providing that you reference it so that the lecturer knows it is a quote.
What percentage of similarity should I get in a Turnitin report?
There is no set number that you have to aim for. A main reason for that is that different kinds of assignments work differently. For example, in a literature review, you are supposed to read and quote from a lot of different sources, but in a lab report, it is expected to be all about work you did yourself. You would expect to see a higher amount of similarities in the literature review than in the lab report.
Rather than worrying about percentages, it is more important to make sure that you are citing and referencing correctly, so that all the similarities are ones that you have pointed out as references. If you want to know more about Turnitin reports, ask the person who set the assignment (usually the module co-ordinator).


Is the parent in the story reacting or responding?
Is her response appropriate to the child's age?
Is her response appropriate to the situation?
Abby spends the day at a day care center while Caroline is at work; Caroline drops her off at 7:30 a.m. and returns for her at 5:30 p.m. When they get home in the evening, Caroline gets dinner ready while Abby sits in her high chair. Caroline keeps the chair turned so that Abby is facing her while she cooks, so that they can watch, smile at, and talk to each other.
It takes Caroline a little longer to make dinner because she often stops to play peek-a-boo or bends down to talk to Abby at her eye-level. They have their own conversations, in which Abby "talks" and Caroline "answers." If Abby is cranky or upset, Caroline uses this time to calm her down and figure out why she's being fussy. Caroline has found many ways to keep Abby calm as a result of this dinnertime contact, that are also helpful when the two are out of the house running errands.
That time with Abby, while I'm cooking, is really important to me. I can connect with her, get to know her better. I look forward to it, even after a full day at work. It has helped me to learn what she likes and what she doesn't.
Caroline is right about the importance of her dinnertime contact with Abby. Research shows that children need to spend positive, engaging, playful time with their parents each day. This "special" time allows parents to bond with children, to learn what makes them smile or laugh, what kinds of noises they respond to, how they respond, and what feelings their toddlers' "words" convey. Early and consistent communication between parent and child is essential to forming attachments, as well as to building better emotional, intellectual, and social development. Setting aside this kind of time every day also lets kids learn about their parents. They can tune in to facial expressions, body language, and tone-of-voice to know their caretakers better.
... my child just won't sit still that long.
... I don't have time to cook, so we eat out most of the time.
... my kitchen is too small for everyone to fit.
... my child eats dinner with another caretaker.
and am not always home for dinner.
... I don?t get home from work until late in the evening.
In a perfect world, you could spend all day, every day with your child, never missing a meal or a moment of togetherness. In the real world, however, this is often not the case. Regardless of how you manage it, you should try to make time for this kind of interaction with your child every day. The specifics of where, how, or when you spend time with your child aren?t as important as the actual time you spend with your child.
If your child won't sit in a highchair for very long, put some toys on the floor and let your child play there while you're in the kitchen. If you're driving here and there, talk to your child as you drive, pointing out things you see or singing songs. If you see your child in the mornings, get into a routine for getting dressed together so that you can interact with him or her. You can also include the other people in your family in this time together, so that your child becomes more comfortable in the family setting. The important part is getting to know your child and letting your child get to know you.


A $1.7 billon stadium plan was approved just in time for an NFL owners meeting on Wednesday. How likely is it that pro football will return to Los Angeles, and how much could it cost taxpayers?
Professional football has not been played in America's second largest media market since 1995 when the Raiders and the Rams still played in Los Angeles.
Is the City of Angeles on the brink of getting its first National Football League (NFL) team in two decades?
There's reason for some optimism. But if past is prologue, football fans should probably hold off on making any giant foam finger purchases yet.
On Tuesday night, the Carson city council members voted unanimously to approve $1.7 billion stadium proposal that would house both the San Diego Chargers and the Oakland Raiders in the suburb less than 20 miles from downtown Los Angeles, according to the Los Angeles Times. The proposal is lacking in some detail but it makes the claim that no taxpayer funds will be used. If true, that would be rare. Some also speculate that Carson rushed this proposal through to have it agreed upon in time for an NFL owners meeting in New York on Wednesday, according to the report.
And there's another L.A. stadium proposal being floated. St. Louis Rams owner Stan Kroenke has already launched a $1.82 million stadium proposal with a venue slated to be built in Hollywood Park in Inglewood, Calif. that is privately funded, the Los Angeles Times also reported.
The league has maintained that it would not permit any team to move before the start of the 2015 season. NFL rues require that 75 percent of the 32 owners need to approve any potential move, and the owners would be hard pressed to put it to a vote before the start of next season.
In the past 20 years, Los Angeles has missed several opportunities to secure a football franchise. A 2011 ESPN story profiled the the failed attempts to bring an NFL team back to the city, with perhaps the best chance coming in March 1999 when the league had tentatively awarded L.A. with the league's 32nd expansion franchise on the condition the city settled on one ownership group and a stadium site within six months. This venture ultimately failed and Bob McNair paid a record $700 million expansion fee to steal the franchise out from under L.A., bringing an NFL team to Houston that became the Houston Texans.
There have always been competing groups and proposals, none anyone can agree on, and therefore none that have resulted in a team or a stadium.
In a city in which everyone wants a piece of the action, the insistence of developers and politicians to cling to their perceived piece of the action has left Los Angeles with no action to speak of on Sundays in the fall.
Los Angeles' pursuit of an NFL team has resembled an ongoing, never-ending, filibustering campaign between a myriad of candidates from various locales over the years. Instead of a unified group with a singular vision joined together by the common goal of bringing an NFL team to Los Angeles, the league has come to view L.A. as an endless caucus of talking heads with enough hollow promises to fill two decades worth of campaign speeches and enough meaningless artist renderings to fill a museum.
By leaving a hole in such a large market – where NFL games come on at 10 a.m, meaning fans in Los Angeles can get a full day's worth of football in and still go out for an evening on the town at roughly 9 p.m. – the league could leverage any of its teams' host cities into allocating money for stadium projects. NFL owners could operate with the explicit – or implicit – threat of moving their team to L.A., if their city refused to at least partially subsidize stadium construction or renovation.
And that's been an effective tactic.
Of the 13 stadiums built since the year 2000, only one did not use any public money for construction: MetLife Stadium, home to the New York Jets and Giants, according to a report by Conventions, Sports and Leisure International. That means taxpayers ponied up less than 40 percent of the cost of six of the 13 stadiums. Of the remaining seven, taxpayers were on the hook for at least 61 percent of the cost. The construction of the Cincinnati Bengals' Paul Brown Stadium topped the list, percentage-wise, for taxpayer burden – with 94 percent of the $425 million cost covered by the taxpayers and opened in 2000, according to the report.
The heftiest price tag the public paid to build a stadium was the Indianapolis Colts' Lucas Oil Stadium, which opened in 2008. Taxpayers paid for 86 percent of the nearly $620 million construction bill.
The Los Angeles market already supports two teams for each of the three other major professional sports with the Los Angeles Dodgers and Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim of Major League Baseball, the Los Angeles Lakers and Clippers of the National Basketball Association, and the Anaheim Ducks and Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League.
Does that mean the L.A. market is too saturated to support another professional sports franchise? Few are making that argument.
Did Aaron Hernandez verdict change perception on celebrity crimes?


Having considered the components that contribute to phe-notypic variance and having developed a general concept of heritability, we can ask, How does one go about estimating these different components and calculating heritability? There are several ways to measure the heritability of a characteristic. They include eliminating one or more variance components, comparing the resemblance of parents and offspring, comparing the phenotypic variances of individuals with different degrees of relatedness, and measuring the response to selection. The mathematical theory that underlies these calculations of heritability is complex and beyond the scope of this book. Nevertheless, we can develop a general understanding of how heritability is measured.
It is symbolized H2 because it is a measure of variance, which is in units squared.
Broad-sense heritability can potentially range from 0 to 1. A value of 0 indicates that none of the phenotypic variance results from differences in genotype and all of the differences in phenotype result from environmental variation. A value of 1 indicates that all of the phenotypic variance results from differences in genotype. A heritability value between 0 and 1 indicates that both genetic and environmental factors influence the phenotypic variance.


I received my B.A. in Geosciences from Williams College in 1997. After graduation, I spent two years working as a high school math and science teacher. I then returned to graduate school, earning my Ph.D. in Earth and Planetary Sciences from Harvard University in the spring of 2005. Following a post-doctoral fellowship at Penn State, I joined the faculty at Stanford University in the fall of 2005. My research addresses the relationship between environmental change and biological evolution in the fossil record, with a focus on mass extinction events and long-term trends in the ecological structure of marine ecosystems. I teach courses for undergraduates in historical geology and invertebrate paleobiology and courses for graduate students in carbonate sedimentology, geobiology, and paleobiology.
Geological Sciences professor Jon Payne discusses a range of life experiences, from hobbies and home life to the trials and successes of his research.
Examining body sizes of ancient and modern aquatic mammals and their terrestrial counterparts reveals that life in water restricts mammals to a narrow range of body sizes – big enough to stay warm, but not so big they can’t find enough food.
Are we in a "Sixth Extinction"?
Stanford Earth professor Jon Payne puts modern extinction in context by comparing them with Earth's five previous mass extinctions.
Navigate to Are we in a "Sixth Extinction"?


I am not using innodb for my table creation, it is ndb –Manoj Reddy Jun 3 '15 at 12:58 added to the question. –Manoj Reddy Jun 3 '15 at Invariants of higher genus curves Can't identify these elements in this schematic Limits at infinity by rationalizing Topology and the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physics What precisely differentiates Computer Science from Join them; it only takes a minute: Sign up Here's how it works: Anybody can ask a question Anybody can answer The best answers are voted up and rise to the Navigation menu switched per app?
Problem with StringReplace and RegularExpressions Is the sum of two white noise processes also a white noise? What is the success probaility for which this is most likely to happen? Today was a different story however. Not the answer you're looking for?
What are some of the potential problems here? Why aren't Muggles extinct? If you exceed these you get this error. To start viewing messages, select the forum that you want to visit from the selection below.
I had to embed the filesize of ibdata2 into innodb_data_file_path and add ibdata3 innodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:346M;ibdata2:2196875759616;ibdata3:10M:autoextend When I restarted mysqld, it worked: [[email protected]*****]# ls -l ibd* -rw-rw---- 1 s-em7-mysql s-em7-mysql 362807296 Jun 3 If you want the memory to autoextend to 512MB innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend:max:512M If you don't know the limit or don't want to put a limit cap, you can modify it like Very simple number line with points Draw an ASCII chess board! In either case, this will spare the Undo Logs from being inundated.
My configuration is: # This will be passed to all mysql clients # It has been reported that passwords should be enclosed with ticks/quotes # escpecially if they contain "#" chars... I noticed that the error was occurring at the point near the end of the SQL file where the indexes and keys were added. What is the size (config) defined for Sample.ibd ? –MTIhai May 31 '13 at 11:38 Which exact version of MySQL are you using? –Shlomi Noach May 31 '13 at Wrong password - number of retries - what's a good number to allow?
Exporting an SQL file using phpMyAdmin and re-importing it into another database, again using phpMyAdmin. I just tried to run my script to create a database for another customer and received this error: ERROR 1114 (HY000) at line 180: The table 'TABLE_locations' is full I've verified Advertisement Web Hosting News Pagely Looks Back at 7 Years of WordPress Hosting Chinese Data Center Provider GDS Files for IPO on Nasdaq Afraid Your Business Will be Obsolete by 2020? Not the answer you're looking for?
What brand is this bike seat logo? You may want to: - monitor your free space during the index creation. - point the tmpdir MySQL variable to a different location. Maybe you should switch to an innodb-per-table scheme using innodb_file_per_table. Check the log file for related messages (ndb_2_trace.log?).
There was no space left in the drive. Navigation menu switched per app? How can I have low-level 5e necromancer NPCs controlling many, many undead in this converted adventure? Forgot your password?
Should I serve jury duty when I have no respect for the judge? Isn't that more expensive than an elevated system? It's rare I get stuck on anything for more than an hour before I'm able to find a solution. Calling SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%innodb_data_file_path%' prints | innodb_data_file_path | ibdata1:10M:autoextend |.
Notice the message is "The table ... I am not using innodb for my table creation, it is ndb mysql share|improve this question edited Jun 3 '15 at 13:17 Rinzwind 139k17271376 asked Jun 3 '15 at 12:19 Manoj You are adding an INDEX to a MEMORY table (obviously not the case but worth mentioning). Then df -h /home/var/lib/mysql/ gives 768G 31G 699G 5% /home.
Stopping time, by speeding it up inside a bubble How do hackers find the IP address of devices? Used MacBook Pro crashing If I am fat and unattractive, is it better to opt for a phone interview over a Skype interview? They control the max memory size for temp tables in complex selects. You can also switch to an innodb-per-table scheme using innodb_file_per_table.
A Riddle of Feelings Can Tex make a footnote to the footnote of a footnote? Are there any saltwater rivers on Earth? share|improve this answer answered Oct 28 '13 at 16:03 itspoma 551611 add a comment| Not the answer you're looking for? up vote 13 down vote favorite 4 I have a MySQL database that holds a large amount of data (100-200GB - a bunch of scientific measurements).


Powers/Abilities: Earl Duggan was a normal human with no paranormal abilities. Although having no prior training in the occult, Duggan was able to harness the mystical forces of Obeah (Afro-Caribbean shamanism) and used a voodoo doll to murder Walter Hamill.
Duggan made a life-like mask of Hamill and wore it to assume Hamill's identity; later, Duggan's own face was physically altered by supernatural means to actually resemble Hamill's.
(Giant-Size Chillers#1/7 (fb) - BTS) - The past of Earl Duggan is largely unrevealed, but at some point he became the confidant and right-hand man of Walter Hamill, assisting the millionaire-industrialist with his business dealings. But Duggan was covetous of Hamill's wealth, and he was secretly in love with Hamill's girlfriend Judy Bryant, so he schemed to take over Hamill's financial empire and make Judy his wife.
(Giant-Size Chillers#1/7 (fb)) - Duggan accompanied Hamill on a business trip to Barbados. While Hamill slept, Duggan sneaked out of Hamill's residence and visited the voodoo priestess Oranna; he made arrangements with her to make a voodoo doll of Hamill.
Several days later, after they returned back to America, Duggan drove Hamill to his girlfriend Judy's house; while Duggan waited outside in the car, he overheard Judy and Hamill having a heated argument.
(Giant-Size Chillers#1/7 (fb) - BTS) - In a fit of jealous rage, Hamill struck Judy on the head with a fireplace poker and left her for dead.
(Giant-Size Chillers#1/7 (fb)) - Coming out of Judy's house, the dour Hamill returned to the car and muttered for Duggan to drive to the airport, where the two boarded Hamill's private plane and flew back to Barbados; during the flight, Duggan noticed that Hamill only sat in sullen silence, but he thought if his plan worked out, Hamill would soon be permanently silent!
The evening after their arrival on Barbados, Duggan again met with Oranna; she performed a sacrificial ceremony to the "lord of darkness" (see comments) to empower the requested voodoo doll. Afterwards, Oranna's father Yota handed Duggan the fetish and a dagger, but he cryptically warned Duggan that the spell would not stop working until the bloodthirst of the "lord of darkness" was satisfied.
(Giant-Size Chillers#1/7) - During a confrontation with Hamill in his Barbados residence, Duggan stabbed the doll with the dagger, which killed his employer instantly. Carrying Hamill's body over to a table, Duggan next made a plaster mold of Hamill's face, then he used a flesh-like plastic to create a face mask. Placing the mask over his own face, Duggan adopted Hamill's hair color and hairstyle, making himself into the perfect likeness of his late employer. After sewing Hamill's body in a canvas sack, Duggan carried it aboard his late employer's fishing cruiser, then dumped the corpse overboard for the sharks to feed upon.
Duggan returned back to America disguised as Hamill (feigning hoarseness, to explain his different voice) and he went to Hamill's office, preparing to seize control of his late employer's financial empire and make it his own. But Duggan noticed a strained air about the executive offices, for none of "his" employees would look him in the eye when they spoke to him; Duggan's suspicions were aroused: Could they have possibly seen through his disguise?
Suddenly, Duggan's whole plan exploded in his borrowed face when Detectives Hayes and Barton entered the office, and they placed "Walter Hamill" under arrest for the murder of Judy Bryant--Judy had managed to tell the detectives that (the real) Walter Hamill was responsible for striking her before she died.
Shocked at learning the news of Judy's death, Duggan denied perpetrating the crime; he insisted that he wasn't Walter Hamill at all, but actually Earl Duggan, and to prove his claim, he tore off the mask to reveal (courtesy of the "lord of darkness")...the face of Walter Hamill!
Comments: Created by Carl Wessler (writer) and Dave Gibbons (artist).
The caption in the last story-panel implied that "Walter Hamill" died shortly after being taken into custody--maybe he tried to make an escape and was shot during the attempt; it seems unlikely that "Hamill" would have been convicted and executed following a trial, since the only witness to "his" crime (Judy Bryant) was dead and unable to testify.
Although the ending of this 6-page story -- The Borrowed Face! --implied that some demonic entity (e.g. Mephisto, Satannish, Satan, etc.) was the "lord of darkness" who empowered the voodoo doll and altered Duggan's face, it seems more logical that one of the Vodu gods was responsible.
A millionaire industrialist and the head of a dozen corporations, he employed Earl Duggan as his assistant. But unknown to Hamill, Duggan was engaged in a scheme to assume his identity, and he had a voodoo priestess make a doll of Hamill.
Hamill's girlfriend was Judy Bryant, but he was insanely suspicious that she was cheating on him with another man.
When they returned back to America following a trip to Barbados, Hamill had Duggan drive him to Judy's home; while inside, Hamill smelled cigar smoke and accused Judy of seeing another man, but Judy explained that the plumber had just left, and he had been smoking a cigar. Nevertheless, the two got into a heated argument; Hamill grabbed a fireplace poker and struck Judy on the head, leaving her for dead. Hamill immediately went back outside and had Duggan drive to the airport, where the two boarded Hamill's private jet and flew back to Barbados.
Hamill was later killed when Duggan stabbed the fetish with a dagger. After Duggan made a mask of Hamill and assumed his identity, he threw Hamill's body into the ocean, where it was devoured by sharks.
She was the girlfriend of Walter Hamill, but Earl Duggan was secretly in love with her (It was unrevealed if Judy reciprocated Duggan's feelings for her).
When Hamill returned from Barbados, he stopped by Judy's house and smelled cigar smoke; Hamill accused Judy of cheating on him with another man, but she explained that the plumber had just left, and he had been smoking a cigar. Regardless, Hamill flew into a jealous rage, grabbed a fireplace poker, and struck Judy on the head.
Judy was left stunned by the attack, and although her injury would eventually be fatal, she managed to tell Detectives Hayes and Barton that Hamill had struck her before she died.
A voodoo priestess on Barbados, Earl Duggan, requested that she make a voodoo doll of Walter Hamill so that he might use it to kill Hamill. Oranna told Duggan to bring her pieces of cloth from Hamill's clothing so that she could construct the doll.
Later, Oranna performed a sacrificial ceremony to the "lord of darkness" (see comments) to empower the fetish; following the ceremony, Oranna sunk down exhausted, and her father Yota offered the voodoo doll to Duggan.
The father of voodoo priestess Oranna, he handed Earl Duggan the dagger and voodoo doll that Duggan would use to magically kill Walter Hamill after Oranna had empowered the objects. Yota warned Duggan that the voodoo spell would not stop working until the bloodthirst of the "lord of darkness" (see comments) was satisfied.
Two police detectives (It was not specified which was which, nor what department they worked for), they had earlier investigated the murder of Judy Bryant--Judy managed to tell them that Walter Hamill had struck her on the head with a fireplace poker before she died.
The detectives later went to the office of Walter Hamill to arrest him, but "Hamill" (actually Earl Duggan wearing a face mask) denied he was the culprit, and claimed he was actually Earl Duggan.
When they saw "Walter Hamill" tear off a face mask to reveal his own face, they thought the millionaire industrialist was merely pulling a wacky stunt to feign insanity, and they took him into custody.


57、The audio-magazines are mainly for____.
62、In the third paragraph, the author tells us that____.
64、What was the author s fist impression of the boy?
A.He seemed to be poor and greedy.
B.He seemed to have suffered a lot.
C.He seemed younger than his age.
D.He seemed good at bargaining.
70、By comparing tomatoes raised in Britain and in Ghana, the author tries to explain that___.
75、What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?
A.To discuss why people like talking about weather.
B.To encourage people to join in conversations.
D.To explain why people keep talking.


What is the best arrangement of the sentences below to make a good paragraph?
1. I saw that it was Mrs. Jonathan, my neighbour.
2. while she went to buy some provision from the grocery store nearby.
3. I was walking home through the park near my block when I heard a woman crying.
5. When she got back, the boy was missing.
I was walking home through the park near my block when I heard a woman crying. I saw that it was Mrs. Jonathan, my neighbour. She explained that she had left her child, Andrew, to play in the park while she went to buy some provision from the grocery store nearby. When she got back, the boy was missing.


OpenStack stands out among the panoply of cloud options today: The software platform for running IT infrastructure is open source, so developers from around the globe add to and improve the still-young technology. So do huge companies with lots of research-and-development power behind them -- Red Hat, Cisco, IBM, Oracle, Mirantis. The list goes on.
Other OpenStack benefits: The platform is shared, so there are standards for how it's delivered -- a rarity in the largely unregulated cloud realm. And organizations that use OpenStack -- often to build their own private clouds -- don't have to worry about being locked into using one vendor. They can mix and match.
"So you would have greater vendor choice if you decided to switch products," said Lauren Nelson, an analyst at Forrester Research.
Nelson, who helps organizations make decisions on private cloud computing, recently spoke to SearchCIO about what CIOs need to keep in mind when assessing OpenStack benefits. Cost, for example, isn't one of them.
"If it's listed as open source, it's assumed that it's less expensive." It's not, she said. Vendor distributions, or distros, of OpenStack can get pricy -- and while there's a free version, the costs of hiring and keeping skilled staff to maintain the platform outstrips what many organizations can afford.
Cost is just one question CIOs will need to consider during their OpenStack evaluations, Nelson said. Another is more basic: What do they want to get out of private cloud? OpenStack may be the way to go for infrastructure -- but the private cloud market is changing, Nelson said, with development capabilities gaining more attention.
So CIOs might want to look at a platform-as-a-service offering like Cloud Foundry or OpenShift as well and build that on top of OpenStack. And they'll need to think about containers, which organizations are using today in greater numbers to standardize and speed up software development.
Here are excerpts from SearchCIO's conversation with Nelson.
There's a lot of talk about promised OpenStack benefits. What are they?
Lauren Nelson: People talk about the community and how essentially you get free innovative power from all these other companies -- similar roles, similar processes and projects. Typically you have to pay pretty expensive membership fees in order to take part in a community like that. With open source, that's the exception.
The other thing is it's shared, so it's become a standard. There are similarities between this platform and almost any of the other solutions out there. So you would have greater vendor choice if you decided to switch products. You'd also have consistency between others that might have been built on top of OpenStack.
Cost is a little bit of a false one. It's actually quite expensive. When most enterprises think about open source, they think, "OK, some kid in their basement developed that" -- and it's not the case with OpenStack. If you look at the long list of vendors that have fully paid professionals -- all they do is write code for OpenStack -- you start to look at how you're really getting a corporate-funded project across multiple organizations that are building for consistency.
But most organizations are not consuming the pure OpenStack offering -- they're consuming a distro of it. So they're buying a packaged solution like Red Hat cloud infrastructure. And they're looking at Mirantis or looking at IBM. There are a number of solutions out there that end up escalating costs quite significantly.
What questions should CIOs interested in OpenStack ask themselves?
Nelson: The first question they should ask is, 'What's our approach? How are we going to go toward OpenStack?' Because OpenStack differs greatly depending on how you consume it. Are they going to invest in their current staff and try and go with the pure code -- and keep costs at a minimum for the actual software costs itself and invest in training their personnel? Or invest in managed services support from something like Rackspace that will have remotely managed private cloud services on your own premises?
Those two approaches are very different ways of spending money and very different investments. Or they can take a very packaged, very expensive software solution -- and it's in the multimillion-dollar range -- and try to build a private cloud out of it. And that's just the software alone -- that's not even the infrastructure that you need to support this.
It's less of a 'Do you do OpenStack?' or 'Do you not do OpenStack?' It's, 'Let's define what our private cloud strategy is': What's the cost that you want to spend? What's the purpose? Is it small in scope? Is it very large in scope? And then what's the role of private cloud versus public? And what's your faith in current skill sets in terms of developers and operators of your organization?
And once you come up with the answers?
Nelson: If you're taking a traditional private cloud approach, OpenStack is one of your only options today. There's a costly version and a less cost-intensive version. But private cloud is a lot more than that -- it's about developer audience and scope. It's about talented developers. Containers typically is the approach they take instead of OpenStack. Sometimes they work those together. Same thing with Cloud Foundry: If developers are not your strength but something you need in order to consistently develop code faster -- more of a factory-type approach to development -- Cloud Foundry might be the approach, and OpenStack might be one of the commodity solutions that sit beneath that world.
And [OpenStack has] become the de facto for a lot of service providers and a lot of telcos, a lot of high tech, a lot of academia. If someone is taking a very generic approach to private cloud, [OpenStack] tends to be one of the major solutions that they look at. If they really are trying to look at it from a developer and innovative standpoint and be at the front end of the market, it's no longer about OpenStack -- that might be an underlying one, but it really is containers and it really is Cloud Foundry or an OpenShift that takes a mix of those two approaches.
How can CIOs choose from among the different OpenStack vendors?
Nelson: Sometimes it's what existing partnerships [the vendor has]. A lot of times cost is a huge influencer. [Organizations] want to know what customers are already using you. What size environments are you used to supporting? The user interfaces -- so comparing the user interfaces between the different vendors, capabilities that are built in or incorporated with. One of the big qualifiers is what do you do for storage and networking? Those are two of the bigger pain points in OpenStack, and so which of those distros might align to the storage solution that you're looking for?
What's in an OpenStack release name?
Is your organization pursuing OpenStack benefits?


Why does the text "Priced From" appear before the prices on my website?
That text appears when a configurable product has associated simple products that have different prices. When Magento sees a range of prices for the associated simple products, it inserts that text to let the customer know that depending on which version of the configurable product you pick, there might be a price difference.
You can see in Magento, the first associated simple product on the Associated Products tab has a different price than all the other associated simple products. If this is intentional, as in a larger size, then leave it be. The text will remain on the site. If this should be the same price, simply update the price for that simple product, and the text will disappear with the next site re-index and cache clearing.


TURKEY: What does Turkey's Restitution Decree mean?
Istanbul, Turkey - Following the announcement by Turkey's Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan of a Decree allowing non-Muslim community foundations to apply to regain or receive compensation for property the state confiscated from them, Regulations to implement this were published on 1 October. But what does the Decree actually mean? The Decree is best seen as a further step in the process of trying to solve the property problems of non-Muslim community foundations. Yet Forum 18 News Service notes that its scope is narrow, excluding some important categories of confscated property. The Decree relates only to non-Muslim community foundations and does not address property loss of for example, Muslim and Catholic religious communities. Among other deficiencies, the state body that was mainly responsible for confiscations – the Directorate-General of Foundations – has been given control of restitution as well as being given oversight of any compensation to be paid. The absence of an independent valuation and review process to judge compensation increases the possibility that fair compensation may not be paid.
To the surprise – indeed delight – of the 162 community foundations who were the hosts of an iftar (Ramadan break of fast dinner) held in Istanbul on 28 August for senior members of Turkey's government, Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan announced that a Legislative Decree had been adopted the previous day allowing community foundations to apply to regain religious property confiscated from them by the state since 1936. Some religious minorities and commentators immediately saw the Decree as a revolution, others as at least a significant improvement.
More than a month on, and after the publication on 1 October of Regulations to implement it, what does the Decree actually mean? If implemented in full, it would provide for the restitution of much property confiscated from those Turkish religious/ethnic communities that are allowed community foundations, or compensation instead. But the scope of the Decree is narrow and it falls short of being an adequate and deep-rooted solution to correcting the basic injustices at the heart of the property issue – or correcting the wider injustices affecting freedom of religion or belief.
Turkey's religious communities cannot acquire, own or rent property themselves because they are not allowed independent legal status. Some foundations are allowed to hold and manage some religious property, including places of worship. However, these foundations cannot be run by the communities themselves. Non-Muslim ethnic/religious communities protected under the 1923 Lausanne Treaty (such as Armenians, Greeks, Syriac Orthodox, Jews and others) have community foundations.
Religious communities as diverse as the Muslims, Catholics, the Greek Orthodox, Protestants, and the Syriac Orthodox Church have for many years seen no significant progress in resolving long-standing property problems. The Mor Gabriel Syriac Orthodox Monastery faces serious problems trying to retain its land against ongoing attempts by the judiciary to deprive the community of it.
Creating an adequate legal framework for the acquisition of legal personality for communities of all faiths is one of the fundamental issues that needs to be addressed to resolve the property problems of religious communities – and meet Turkey's human rights obligations and aspirations.
The 27 August Decree – which amended the current Law on Foundations (No.5737) by adding a temporary Article 11 - entered into force on the day it was adopted. In principle, it aims to provide for the restitution of property that was wrongfully taken from non-Muslim community foundations.
The Decree is best seen as a further step in the process of trying to solve the problems of non-Muslim community foundations. This started with the passing of the Third Harmonisation Law of August 2002 which amended the 1935 Law No. 2762 on Foundations and Statutory Instrument No. 227 on the Organisation and Duties of the Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü (VGM - Directorate-General of Foundations). The process continued with the Fourth Harmonisation Law of January 2003 amending further Law No. 2762 on Foundations, and finally the long-promised revised Foundations Law (No. 5737) passed by a reluctant parliament in 2008.
- or the non-moveable property must be registered in the 1936 Declaration and registered in the name of the State Treasury, the Directorate-General for Foundations, a municipality or city special administration for reasons other than nationalisation, sale, or exchange.
Cemeteries and fountains must be registered in the 1936 Declaration, and currently registered in the name of legally recognised public institutions.
Applications for restitution must be made within 12 months, i.e. by 27 August 2012. In order to approve the registration of property in the name of community foundations by the deed office, the Assembly of the Directorate-General for Foundations – the government body that oversees them - has to approve the application.
In addition, the value of property that was purchased by a community foundation, or left to them through a will, but whose ownership is registered in the name of a third party because the community foundations were not allowed to acquire the property, will be paid by the Treasury or the Directorate-General for Foundations. The value of the property will be determined by the Finance Ministry.
Finally, the Decree stated that the Directorate-General for Foundations would prepare Regulations concerning how the Decree will be applied. These Regulations were adopted on 1 October.
It is interesting that the government chose to partially address the confiscated property issue not by amending the Law on Foundations through a parliamentary act, but through a Decree.
The government was given temporary power to make legislative Decrees as of 2 May 2011 for six months. Some groups criticised the bypassing of Parliament in this matter of "national importance", which they argued should have been discussed in the Grand National Assembly first.
It might be that the government wanted to avoid tension in the Grand National Assembly similar to the tensions seen when successive Laws on Foundations were drafted. The ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) could still have passed the Amendment, but the discussions and resulting tension might have harmed the AKP's popularity.
The Decree does not create an overall solution to all the property problems of community foundations – or indeed the other problems faced by foundations. Because of the Decree's narrow focus, only covering some but not all property problems, it cannot reasonably be described as a revolutionary step.
That the Decree targets specifically property that was declared in the 1936 Declaration is in itself controversial. To understand why, the use to which the Declaration has been put should be understood. In 1936, a basically harmless regulatory statute on the Implementation of the 1935 Foundations Law provided for drawing up an inventory of the foundations' property. This became the 1936 Declaration.
However, in 1974 (amid the tensions of the Cyprus crisis of that year) the Court of Appeal ruled that the state could confiscate any property acquired by community foundations since 1936 through purchase, gift or inheritance. State agencies able to do so included the Directorate-General for Foundations, which has now been made responsible for applying the Decree by way of drafting Regulations and being directly involved in decisions concerning applications.
In its 1974 ruling, the Court argued that, as such property had not been declared by the non-Muslim minorities in the inventory of 1936, it had been acquired illegally. This was justified by the false claim that the non-Muslim minorities were non-Turks and so the law on foreigners' rights to acquire property was applied and they had no right to purchase land in Turkey.
Under this ruling, more than 40 buildings were seized from Armenian community foundations alone and handed back to their previous owners or – if the previous owners could not be found – transferred to the state Treasury.
Also, a property may be listed in the 1936 Declaration but have been transferred to legal entities that are under the supervision of a public body or other foundations. An example of this is property transferred to the Valide Sultan Foundation. It is likely that applications concerning these transferred buildings will not be accepted. Laki Vingas, the member of the VGM Assembly representing community foundations, calls this a deficiency of the Decree incompatible with "the spirit of the Decree".
Why aren't all cemeteries included?
For cemeteries, again, the Decree's scope is limited to those that were registered in the 1936 Declaration. However, since in some cases cemeteries were not seen as property, these were not listed in the Declaration. Since the Decree requires that these be listed in the Declaration, the risk is that these cemeteries will not be returned to community foundations.
This problem could have been overcome had the Decree included "cemeteries used by community foundations", as has been suggested by a lawyer representing Armenian community foundations, Setrak Davuthan. Laki Vingas encourages applications for the restitution of cemeteries even if they do not appear to meet the criteria, hoping that these applications will demonstrate the gaps in the Decree so that further regulations can be made for complete restitution.
What else does the Decree not cover?
One of the exceptions in the Decree concerns property that was "nationalised". Nationalisation has not solely been directed at the property of community foundations, and usually owners are compensated for the nationalisation. But the Istanbul-based Armenian newspaper Agos complained, on 16 September, that the property of non-Muslims in Turkey has often been nationalised in an unjust manner. The newspaper argued that it amounted to "wrongful seizure".
Also not included is property confiscated by the state from community foundations and handed back to previous owners from whom the foundations had legally acquired it.
Nor does the Decree cover properties taken from religious institutions or communities that do not have community foundations. For example, property that once belonged to the Roman Catholic or Anglican churches is not covered. These communities have neither community foundations, nor – like all other religious communities – independent legal status.
It is important to note that the Decree does not address the property of seized community foundations (mazbut vakıf). Seized foundations are community foundations whose administration was seized by the VGM for various reasons, for example because they were not able to hold board elections for a certain time, or they could no longer fulfil their charitable purpose. The administration of this seized property, and thus the property, may not be given back to community foundations. A March 2009 report by the Istanbul-based TESEV Foundation, Bir Yabancilastırma Hikayesi, found that the number of properties seized from Greek Orthodox community foundations alone was over 900.
Also, as the south-eastern city of Hatay (Iskenderun) was not part of Turkey in 1936, community foundations' property in this city is not covered by the Decree.
Compensation for properties that were purchased or acquired by donation, but which foundations were denied ownership of as they were said not to have the legal capacity to acquire new property and were sold to third parties will be decided on by the Finance Ministry. However, no independent body is involved in deciding on compensation, according to the Regulations.
It is thought that if compensation were judged fairly and paid in full, the state would have to pay compensation worth many millions of Euros for a large number of properties.
Another weakness of the Decree is that the state body with a direct interest in reducing the amount of compensation paid – the Finance Ministry – is the only body permitted to decide on the amount of compensation paid.
The Regulations provide more insight into the valuation process, and allow a flawed appeal procedure. The estimation of the value of property will be carried out by a valuation commission of the Finance Ministry upon the request of the Regional Directorate of Foundations. Community foundations may object to the value if they believe it is not fair. However these objections are assessed by the Regional Directorate of Foundations which oversees the entire valuation process. To ensure a just process it would have been better for valuations to have been assessed by an independent institution, and for appeals to be decided by an independent body not involved in the initial valuation.
The Decree states that community foundations must apply for restitution within 12 months. Given that the Regulations were issued only on 1 October, this left less than eleven months for the applications to be prepared and submitted.
However, the 1 October Regulations improve the Decree in relation to the time requirement. It does this by lifting the time limit for property that was purchased by a community foundation, or left to them through a will, but whose ownership is registered in the name of a third party because the community foundations were not allowed to acquire the property. Community foundations can apply for the restitution of this kind of property at any time.
Yet, as the Decree concerns correcting a violation of the right to property it is difficult to see why a time limit should reasonably be imposed on any aspect. Many of the documents that will be needed to apply for restitution are very old, and might be found only after the deadline has expired. In such a situation, it is possible that this may lead to a case at the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) at Strasbourg.
But it is not necessary to let matters go as far as the ECtHR. The 2002 changes to the then Foundations Law had allowed for community foundations to have property they were using approved in their name. The time allowed for this was extended in 2003 for 18 months because the initial specified period was inadequate.
Will Directorate-General for Foundations approve applications?
The requirement of approval for each restitution application "after the positive decision of the Assembly [of the VGM]" gives the VGM the power to decide how – or if - the Decree will be implemented in each individual case. The Assembly is the highest decision making organ of the VGM, with fifteen members, one of whom is chosen by the community foundations.
The VGM has been given this power in previous cases as well, a practice criticised by the TESEV Foundation. "The authority given to the Directorate-General for Foundations, an institution that has been the primary body responsible for the rights violations experienced by non-Muslim foundations, perpetuates the dominance of this institution," its March 2009 report Bir Yabancilastırma Hikayesi observed. As noted above, the VGM was in many cases the government agency which carried out the confiscations. This raises questions as to how far it is fair to give this decision-making power to the VGM.
The Regulations – and indeed the priority the VGM gives to restitution - will be crucial for the Decree's efficient and just implementation. Implementation will involve finding and consulting very old documents and transactions, which may lack accurate documentation or be in other ways irregular. Indeed, the state itself – not the foundations - may have the documents the foundations need to prove ownership.
So – as the Decree affects injustices committed by the state - it is vital that the VGM, the State Treasury, and other public authorities actively facilitate restitution. For example, the foundations should not be expected to bear all the burden of proof, and there is no requirement of proof for the state. VGM Assembly member Laki Vingas estimates potentially 350 applications. He believes difficulties in preparing most application files will not be great because the community foundations have done most of the paperwork already in 2010 when they applied for restitution of other property.
In many recent cases, especially in connection with regulations on the foundations, administrative regulations from the authorities may de facto counteract a law or a legislative decree. One can only hope that in this case this will not happen.
Were community foundations to take cases that are not covered in the Decree to the ECtHR, they would almost certainly win compensation or restitution of their property. The lack of adequate Turkish legislative solutions to the problems of community foundations and their property has led to an ever growing number of ECtHR cases lodged by the affected foundations against the state.
As the foundations are winning such cases at the ECtHR, this shows officials in Ankara that a fundamental solution for the still unresolved cases – whether for the return of property or compensation when this is impossible – is urgently needed. Otherwise, Turkey will continue to regularly lose such cases in Strasbourg. If the Decree is implemented successfully, there will be fewer such cases against Turkey. But the kinds of cases outlined above, which are not covered by the Decree, are likely to be brought before the ECtHR – and it is likely that the foundations will win these cases.
Why was Muslim foundations' property excluded?
Property taken from Muslim foundations was mainly confiscated in the early years of the Turkish Republic. In those years the government took drastic action against foundations that were established before the entry into force of the 1924 Civil Code. Foundations and their property belonging to Muslim brotherhoods were transferred to the Ministry dealing with foundations, and later to the VGM. One example is the Haci Bektash Dergah (Haci Bektas Dervish Lodge) – which is very important for the Alevi community - and was turned into a museum. To enter it now, Alevis and others must buy a ticket – with the proceeds of ticket sales going to the state.
The Decree's restitution of some property only to non-Muslim community foundations has been criticised by both the excluded Muslim religious communities and some others, such as Christian leaders. On 19 September the Honorary Chair of the Federation of Alevi Foundations, Professor Izzettin Dogan, spoke of the closure of the Dervish Lodges in 1924 and the loss of property, in particular places of worship, at a meeting that launched a report on the problems of various belief groups in Turkey ('Belief Groups in Turkey - A New Framework for Problems and Solutions' - September 2011). He called for the restitution of property belonging to the Alevi community. At the same meeting Assyrian Catholic Bishop Yusuf Sağ also criticised the limited scope of the Decree, saying that it should have been extended to cover all property losses before 1936.
The Chair of the Mazlumder (Association of Human Rights and Solidarity for Oppressed People), Ahmet Faruk Ünsal, commented on the Decree by drawing attention to the general purpose of foundations, which entails the endowment of donated property to "public benefit". "To play with the purpose of use or ownership of property that is dedicated to all humanity is neither legal not humane," he told Forum 18 on 27 September. "Whoever it is that confiscates property, and uses it for a purpose other than that for which it has been endowed originally, violates the right of the person who endows the property in the first place."
While he did not comment specifically on the property of pre-Republic foundations owning and operating Islamic worship places, he underlined the fact that the rule of protecting property belonging to foundations to fulfil their original purpose is valid for all, regardless of religion. He stressed that it is the responsibility of the public authority to guarantee the property and deed of foundation property.
If the government wishes to take a holistic approach to correcting past injustices suffered by religious or belief communities, the injustice of property confiscated from Muslim foundations must also be addressed. This would be in line with the international standards – to which Turkey has solemnly committed itself – which expressly state that human rights are for all with no exceptions.
What does the Decree mean for the non-Muslim Lausanne minorities? The government decision clearly improves decisively the climate between the state and non-Muslim minorities which have community foundations. While it is another important step for the correction of the unjustified state interference in the right to ownership of these foundations, it does not create a complete solution to their property problems. On a positive note, the Decree certainly raises hopes for further steps to be taken in this direction.
What does the Decree mean for the future of religious freedom for all in Turkey? Whether the positive but limited step represented by the Decree will have any implications for non-Muslim communities which were active before 1923, but which do not have foundations – such as the Roman Catholic and Protestant churches – remains to be seen. There has been no indication that the government is considering restoring all property taken from foundations that supported various activities of religious communities since the Turkish Republic was established. For example, the demands of various Muslim organisations remain unanswered, as noted above.
Yet the effective protection of freedom of religion or belief in Turkey demands that the rights of all followers of a religion or belief – including rights in relation to property – be respected in practice.


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You know that a grammatical battle is close to being lost when even professional writers, who could reasonably be expected to know better, turn up on the side of the enemy. In such cases, therefore, we are close to a grammatical lost cause.
For many years, too many to remember, we have encountered the barbarous use of 'above' as an adjective in phrases such as 'the above paragraph'. As long as such strange formulations stay in the field of business or science, which is where they mainly seem to spring up, this usage has been unpleasant but relatively harmless.
Unfortunately, like mould in an elderly pot of jam, such barbarisms spread quickly. It was only a few years ago that I first encountered in a business presentation the startling phrase 'the below image'. That nearly caused a brain reboot at the time.
Now we have, God help us, a professional offender writing 'The below graphs are part of it' and 'justify my praise by publishing the below graph'.
In all these examples, 'above' and 'below' are being used as adjectives. If we were to write 'the long paragraph', 'the red image' or 'the complex graph' we would have examples of adjectives – 'long', 'red', 'complex' – qualifying the nouns that follow them.
English is an uninflected language. This means that individual words do not have forms (usually endings) that indicate the role of the word in the sentence. In an inflected language such as German you can change the order of words in a sentence around very freely. Each word carries a little marker saying what it does and its position in the sentence is largely a matter of taste. English, on the other hand, has almost no word markers, so that English speakers have to rely on word order to communicate meaning. Word order is important.
In the examples above, the brain of a native speaker of English expects the word that comes before the noun to belong to that category of words called 'adjectives' that describe nouns. There are, of course, all manner of exceptions and nuances to such rules but for the sake of our argument we only need to use the simple case.
However, 'above' and 'below' are not adjectives and never have been; they can be used either as prepositions 'the rug below the table' or as adverbs 'jumped into the stream below'. Let's not get into the obscurities of the differences between prepositions and adverbs, that is not necessary for our argument.
There is no need to use 'above' and 'below' as adjectives, we can use them elegantly and concisely as prepositions (or adverbs): 'the paragraph above', 'the image below'. The ignorant misuse of 'above' and 'below' as adjectives is thus completely unnecessary and demonstrates only the user's insensitivity to language.
You might be justified in calling me a pedant if using 'above' and 'below' as adjectives were an elegant and concise solution to what otherwise might be a messy articulation, but it isn't. The traditionally correct use is simple and elegant. Mangling grammar in this way is just that: pointless mangling by the ignorant or sloppy.
By their deeds shall we know them.


SCENARIO: You have an opportunity within your own organization to briefly talk one-on-one with an Executive Director, Senior Vice President, CFO or CEO of a company/organization that you are interested in working for upon graduation. You will prepare a 30-second ?personal infomercial? associated with a job search in your degree field for an entry-level job upon graduation. You may use the same position searched for as part of the resume and application letter writing assignments. Your goal is to communicate: a) the knowledge, skills, and personal attributes that you bring to meet the employer?s needs, and b) why you are the best candidate for the position.
First, read the document on the D2L Content breadcrumb: ?Elevating Your Business with your Elevator Speech?.
Your speech should be 30 seconds in duration (no more, no less) and should include a one-slide PowerPoint to accompany your presentation. The one-slide PowerPoint slide should consist of all pictures except for your full name at the top in the title area of the slide and the text of your speech should be typed in the Notes pane. Images should enhance your image/credibility with the audience, not detract from it — No inappropriate content will be accepted.
?	Create an opening sentence that will grab the listener?s attention. The best openers leave the listener wanting more information. You do not have to include a current job title and you do not have to include your complete employment history. Refer to the textbook and lecture notes for attention-getting techniques (refer to Chapter 14).
?	End on a strong note. Refer to Chapter 14 and lecture notes for techniques.
?	Practice your speech in front of the mirror and with friends. Record it and listen to it. Do you sound confident? Sincere? Is it engaging? Is it persuasive? If not, change it, re-work it.
1.	Not expressing your value to the company/organization. If you mention process rather than results, or droll on about history rather than the return on investment (what you bring to the table), you have lost whatever significance you were trying to create. Remember, the speech is all about the benefits to the company/organization (i.e., what the prospective employer gets by hiring you instead of your competition), not an entire history lesson.
2.	Using jargon. Saying ?I provide robust multi-use business enhancement options? is presenting nothing of value to anyone (even if there is a good product or service behind that babble-phrase).
3.	Using the wrong intonation. If you sound tentative, unsure of your own value, or uncomfortable, it will ruin your chances of moving forward. Practice your speech with a trusted friend, etc. until you can say it as if you mean it, and like you believe it. Even the right words delivered the wrong way will call your credibility into question. Eliminate fillers: http://sbinfocanada.about.com/od/speakforsuccesscourse/a/speechlesson2.htm and http://ezinearticles.com/?Cut-Out-Your-Filler-Words&id=1176265.
4.	Improvising. Memorize your speech. Most people talk too much or lose their train of thought. Very unprofessional.
?	Avoid flashy or distracting attire and jewelry. ATTIRE SHOULD BE BUSINESS CASUAL.
IMPORTANT: The PowerPoint slide with accompanying speech script (notes pane) should be uploaded to the D2L Dropbox BEFORE CLASS on the day of your presentation.
You will be provided a 3-minute maximum time limit to open the PowerPoint slide from the D2L dropbox and to deliver the presentation.
If your presentation goes over the 3-minute total time limit, Dr. Wilkie will stop your presentation at the 3-minute mark.
NOTE: FAILURE TO PRESENT ON THE DAY YOU SIGNED-UP FOR, WILL RESULT IN A SIGNIFICANT LOSS OF POINTS.
?	Clear strong voice (level 8) with vocal variation to demonstrate interest in the subject.
?	Precise pronunciation of terms.
?	Confident demeanor, gestures add to style, and hands are used to describe or emphasize.
?	No distracting non-verbal habits.
?	Ends with an effective conclusion tying the content back to the opening with a dynamic close.
In this blitz of technologically driven marketing aren’t we forgetting something basic?
considered old technology but the fact remains, it works.
deliverables, rather than its features? Is yours memorable?
professionalism, position yourself, network and begin to extend your sphere of influence.
Are you making the most of your 16 seconds of fame?
competitors, and how your signature style benefits your customers.
smile and sincerity. The delivery reflects the speaker’s personality.
decipher how ‘what I do’ can benefit them.
and free them to enjoy the event).
or “no” will engender meaningful information to determine whether a good fit exists.
business card. What’s memorable about that? It was green!


Parma - The match-fixing scandal that has rocked Italian soccer during the past year implicated the coach of Serie A champions Juventus on Monday and ensured at least one player won't be at the European Championship.
Police swept through the Italian national squad's training camp near Florence as part of a wide-ranging investigation into fixing that resulted in 14 arrests on Monday - including Lazio captain Stefano Mauri - to bring the total number arrested to about 50 since last year.
The Italian football federation later said Juventus coach Antonio Conte is under investigation for alleged wrongdoing while in charge of Siena in 2010-2011, and announced the withdrawal of defender Domenico Criscito from the Euro 2012 squad a day before the player lists have to be submitted to UEFA.
"He would have experienced a pressure that no human being can deal with," Italy coach Cesare Prandelli said of Criscito playing at the June 8 to July 1 tournament. "He wouldn't have been in the right frame of mind. And he could also have been called up by the prosecutors at any time, before a match.
"It was a peculiar day. My first reaction was one of fear: 'Oh my god, what can we do.' But then you have to find something positive out of this situation, such as if it had happened four days later it would have been a lot worse."
Two police cars arrived at the national team's training site at about 6:25am local time (04:25 GMT) and left nearly three hours later. Criscito's house in Genoa was searched, while Conte's place in Turin was also raided.
Juventus president Andrea Agnelli said Conte would remain in charge and lent his support to Leonardo Bonucci, the Juve defender who is also reportedly under investigation but remains with Italy's squad.
"My story speaks clearly for itself," he said. "I've always showed moral integrity, honesty, fairness in every situation, whether as a player or a coach. I am completely innocent of any of this, as are my players.
"With Siena we won the (second-division) title with three games to go, thanks to a lot of sacrifice, sweat, tears and joy, with a group of extraordinary lads."
"There are seven, eight games being looked at and there have been statements that make us think they were manipulated," Di Martino said. "The searches involved players, coaches and directors of the club, including Conte and Mezzaroma."
Former Italy striker Christian Vieri, who retired in 2009, is also among those under investigation, while Inter Milan's match against Lecce in 2001 is being examined.
"It's devastating news," said former Italy coach Giovanni Trapattoni, who is now in charge of Ireland. "If the authorities are acting it's because there's something there."
"It will be impossible to go right to the end with this because my office is not equipped to do so," Di Martino said. "If people wanted, we could go on forever but there is very few personnel.
"It will be impossible to go ahead with this for long."
Italy has only recently recovered from the 2006 match-fixing scandal -known as Calciopoli - that resulted in Juventus being relegated to Serie B for a season, plus points penalties for several other Serie A teams and lengthy bans for club and refereeing officials.
"This time it's worse than 2006. At least for me," Roma and Italy midfielder Daniele De Rossi said. "It's more shocking this time, with the police coming into Coverciano (Italy's training ground) and people I know being arrested.
"We're going to the Euros with a stain on us."


Just to be sure, is River Song a Time Lord (or Time Lady)?
River is not a Time Lord (although she's unquestionably female). She is a human with some Time Lord DNA, and the abilities (such as regeneration) that result from that. This was stated in "A Good Man Goes to War", when the Doctor and Madame Vastra discussed the DNA scans of Melody Pond (revealed at the end of the episode to be River Song). Doctor and Madame Vastra speculated that she had acquired that Time Lord DNA in the same way the Time Lords originally acquired it -- by exposure to the time vortex (in River's case, by being conceived in the TARDIS while travelling through the vortex).
Besides her biology (which has been described as "half-Time Lord", "part-Time Lord", and "human +"), even someone who's genetically purely Gallifreyan doesn't count as a Time Lord in every sense. She doesn't have the shared history, etc., that the Doctor described in the Doctor's Daughter, she's never stared into the Untempered Schism, she didn't graduate from the Academy on Gallifrey or have an Investiture ceremony, etc.


Your answer is rather short, but correct as far as it goes. In an examination, you have an hour to write your essay. To get a good mark, you should aim to say more. What you have written would probably score in the low 50's - in other words it would scrape a pass.
You correctly point out that Descartes' aim in Meditation 1 is to show that every proposition can be doubted. Having cast doubt on beliefs derived from sense perception, he has to consider propositions like those of arithmetic or geometry which it seems to us that we cannot be wrong about.
How does he do this? Interestingly, he doesn't use the dreaming argument. Why not? We do find ourselves believing all sorts of absurd things in dreams, so even though I might be quite convinced in my dream that seven plus five is fourteen I can still be wrong. OK, but what about one plus one is two - is it possible that even in a dream I could think that the answer is three and not two?
Instead, Descartes considers the possibility that God might still deceive me. Here, is an opportunity for you to look in more detail at the argument Descartes uses.
We do sometimes get arithmetical sums wrong. That shows that God does 'allow' to be wrong sometimes. Is it not conceivable that God might, if he wished, make us wrong all the time? This is an opportunity for you to say whether you think that is a good argument. Is it the always case that, 'If X happens sometimes, then it is logically possible that X might happen all the time'? Think of examples.
Descartes then elaborates on his argument. Someone might argue that it would be against God's 'goodness' to allow us to be wrong about arithmetic all the time. In that case, Descartes says, it doesn't matter whether you say God makes us go wrong, or simply that our error is a result of 'fate or chance or a continuous chain of events'. In other words, it is not necessary to assume any particular cause for our being wrong.
Again, here you might try to think of some examples. When people consent to be guinea pigs of stage show hypnotists, for example, they can be easily 'persuaded' to believe the most absurd things, maybe even that one and one is three.
Have a look again at the very useful commentary that goes with the passage from Descartes in Chapter 1 of 'Reading Philosophy'. You will find plenty of examples there of ways of questioning the text, finding arguments to discuss which are not apparent at a first reading.
This is what this question is asking you to do. There is a short answer to the question: 'Descartes considers necessary truths because he wants to put all beliefs into doubt.' But then you need to go on and ask why he does this? how does he do it? how good are the arguments he uses? are there any good arguments he might have used but didn't?
It would also be relevant to answering this question to consider the phenomenon of 'being wrong' about an arithmetical or geometrical truth. If I told you to add 39305950 plus 393959092, there is a significant possibility that you would get the addition wrong. On the other hand, if I ask you to add 1 plus 1, it seems impossible to imagine how you could be wrong. Then what about 2 plus 1? 5 plus 7? 31 plus 45? At some point what seems unimaginable becomes imaginable - but what point is that? It is absurd to think that there might be a 'cut-off' point where mistakes become possible, yet if there isn't a cut off point, then what?
Although I said above that you gave a 'correct' answer to the question, you need to be aware that there is no single 'correct' response. The examiner wants to see you grappling with the problems and questions raised by Descartes' argument. Anything that you can say that is RELEVANT to the question - even if you are struggling to express yourself or have to admit that you don't fully understand - will make your essay better and earn more marks.
However, I am glad that you have made a start. Well done!