Major General Charles Grey raided the Massachusetts communities of New Bedford, Fairhaven, and Martha's Vineyard in September 1778 as part of British operations in the Revolutionary War. The raid was one of the first in a series between 1778 and 1781 executed by the British against American coastal communities.
Grey's force of 4,000 was originally intended as a relief force for the British garrison that was briefly besieged at Newport, Rhode Island, but they arrived after the Americans had retreated. They were diverted for raiding by British army officer General Henry Clinton.
On September 5-6, Grey raided New Bedford and Fairhaven, encountering significant resistance only in Fairhaven. His troops destroyed storehouses, shipping, and supplies in New Bedford, where they met with light resistance from the local militia; they damaged fewer American holds at Fairhaven where militia resistance had additional time to organize. He then sailed for Martha's Vineyard, which was undefended.
Between September 10-15, Martha's Vineyard residents surrendered 10,000 head of sheep and 300 oxen, as well as most of the island's weapons.
Armies - American Forces in Fairhaven was commanded by Maj. Israel Fearing and consisted of about 150 militia. British Forces was commanded by Maj. Gen. Charles Grey, 1st Earl Grey, and consisted of about 4,000 Soldiers.
Casualties - American casualties were estimated to be 4 killed and 16 captured. British casualties was approximately 1 killed, 4 wounded, and 16 missing.
Outcome - The result of the raid was a British victory. The raid was part of the Northern Theater 1778-82.
On September 4, Grey's fleet sailed for Buzzard's Bay led by the Royal Navy frigate HMS Carysfort under Captain Robert Fanshawe. They encountered Howe's fleet en route, and the earl agreed to remain near Block Island until the raids were completed. The Carysfort arrived in Buzzard's Bay that afternoon but managed to strike rocks—twice.
The fleet proceeded up the Acushnet River toward New Bedford and Fairhaven. That evening, Grey landed his troops at Clark's Point on the west bank of the river. They spent the night and the next morning destroying vessels, warehouses, and wharves "in the whole Extent of the Accushnet River".
Many of the ships destroyed were prizes captured by privateers operating out of the two towns. The British set fire to many ships, and the resulting conflagration also destroyed homes and houses of worship and was bright enough to be seen in Newport, some 20 miles away.
A 38-man artillery garrison was manning a small fort on the Fairhaven side of the river (today known as Fort Phoenix), and they fired on the British ships during the evening, then spiked the fort's guns and abandoned it, leaving their colors flying. The British briefly returned fire and then destroyed the fort's guns.
Grey's troops marched around the head of the Acushnet River and camped on the eastern banks. The following day, they embarked on their boats, but Grey decided that Fairhaven should also be raided. Concurrently, militia were beginning to arrive to defend Fairhaven, with Major Israel Fearing taking command from an elderly colonel who was reluctant to pursue an active defense.
On September 6, the British approached Fairhaven in the morning, and Fearing arrayed about 150 men between the village and their landing point. The British set fire to a few nearby buildings and then headed for the village. At this point, Fearing's men unleashed a withering volley of musket fire, and the British precipitately retreated to their boats.
Grey sent his aide, Captain John André, to New York to request transports for livestock, then set sail for Martha's Vineyard. Contrary winds slowed the fleet's progress, and it did not reach the harbor at Holmes Hole (present-day Vineyard Haven) until September 10. Because of the bad winds, Grey abandoned the idea of raiding Nantucket and focused on acquiring livestock on Martha's Vineyard.
A deputation of three citizens came to the Carysfort to see what the British wanted, and Grey made his demands: he wanted the militia's weapons, any public funds, 300 oxen, and 10,000 sheep. He threatened to land his troops and seize these items if they were not delivered up by the defenseless islanders.
After two days, the islanders had driven 6,000 sheep and 130 oxen to the fleet. Not satisfied with this progress, Grey landed small contingents of troops on September 12 to accelerate the process and to destroy vessels found in the area.
By September 14, he had received all 10,000 sheep and 300 oxen, as well as local militia arms and £950 intended as a tax payment for the Second Continental Congress. Grey sailed from Martha's Vineyard on September 15, and reached New York City two days later.
"September 10th. -- Gen. Grey commanding a detachment of his Majesty's army arrived at Martha's Vineyard, when I waited on him on shipboard. Agreed to deliver him 10,000 sheep, 300 head of cattle; the General informed me that payment would be made for the same if they were not resisted. The General then required the stock to be brought to the landing the next day, which was punctually complied with.
"September 11th. - This day the troops landed under the command of Col. Sterling. Said Sterling then informed me that Gen. Grey had directed him to assure me that the whole stock would be paid for if they came down according to the conversation of the evening before. Sterling then informed me that a person must be appointed to appraise the stock before they would take any on shipboard. To which I agreed and we jointly agreed to. I did appoint proper persons to do that business; who were sworn by me to do their duty faithfully by the request of Col. Sterling. The stock was by this time coming down to the landing and was taken on board to the amount of 10,000 sheep and 312 head of cattle.
"September 14th. - Col. Sterling then informed me and other inhabitants of the island that he had a message to deliver to the people. Then he recommended them to meet in a field for there was not room for them in doors, accordingly they met to the amount of several hundred. He informed us that we were to apply to New York for payment for the stock that they had received. I asked the Colonel if we best send a man in the fleet at this time for the payment to which the Colonel replied, we might if we chose but he recommended us to wait a little time before application was made.
"September 15th. -- The fleet sailed for New York."
It must seem to the reader that this Colonel Beriah Norton was a traitor to his own people, but what could he do but give in to Grey's command! Grey had the force and the power and could have destroyed the towns on the island in half a day, and would have done so if they had resisted in any way. In the diary, September 12th and 13th are omitted. Those were the days when the British troops were ravaging the island from Edgartown to Gay Head.
A man was sent to New York to receive payment for the stock, but Grey had forgotten that he had ever stopped at Martha's Vineyard. Colonel Beriah Norton made two special trips to London for the same purpose, and at one time he was given a hearing in Parliament. Very little was accomplished in these two trips to England.
Grey's report on the expedition lists one man killed, four wounded, and sixteen missing. He reported that the defenders had four men killed; he also took sixteen prisoners in New Bedford to exchange for his missing. The raid was followed by others: one against Little Egg Harbor, New Jersey in October 1778, and two in 1779 against communities on Chesapeake Bay and the Connecticut shore.
In 1781, a raiding expedition led by turncoat Brigadier General Benedict Arnold began the decisive Yorktown campaign in Virginia; Arnold also led another raid in September 1781 against New London and Groton, Connecticut that was notorious for its severity.
In New Bedford, 11 houses, 21 shops, 34 ships of various size, and one ropewalk were destroyed, along with goods and naval stores. Estimates of the damage done there and at Fairhaven ranged from £20,000 to nearly £100,000, the most costly damage was to ships and goods.
The residents of Martha's Vineyard petitioned for compensation of over £10,000 due to the losses incurred in the raid. General Henry Clinton's successor, General Guy Carleton made payment of £3,000 against these claims.


If someone wants to make a prohibition on himself from eating apples and has some apples in front of him and uses a language of "konem" in his neder and says "these apples" then they become forbidden (Shulchan Aruch YD 216:1). What about if the person says something along the lines of "konem alei" (it should be forbidden to me) the "thing that I know" and has in his mind at that moment apples (even though he doesn't speak this out specifically in the language of the neder.) Are the apples still forbidden?
We have a concept that if he merely indicates a Neder, and it is Not clear because it is lacking both verbal expression, and visual indication, is not a Neder.
Source Nedarim 6a; where the Ran says on that Gemoro.קיימא לן כרבא: ידיים שאין מוכיחות לא הוויין ידיים we hold like Rovo that an indication of a Neder which has no clear meaning to other people is not a neder.
The Gemoro in Kiddushin 5b says (with explanation of the Ran): (קידושין ה ב) אמר שמואל האומר לאשה, "הרי את מקודשת", "הרי את מאורסת", הרי זו מקודשת. וכן בגרושין, "הרי את מגורשת", "הרי את מותרת לכל אדם", הרי זו מגורשת. ומקשינן התם: "למימרא דסבר שמואל ידיים שאין מוכיחות הויין ידיים"? כלומר: מדקאמר הרי זו מקודשת אף על גב דלא אמר "לי".Says Shmuel: Someone who says to a woman "You are betrothed"(with money) she is betrothed to him, and when he divorces and says to his wife "you are divorced," she is divorced from him (with a get). The Gemora asks: Surely Shmuel Holds that a Yad Sheeino Mochiach (indication which is unclear), is not a Yad? i.e He never mentioned that the woman was betrothed or divorced "to/from me." This is a lack of indication.
We see that its considered a "Yad Sheeino Mochiach" (indication which is unclear) even with the mention of "Kiddushin" or "Geirushin," and She is not married/divorced to/from him, because He never said "You are Betrothed/divorced to/from me"
So too in our case where he says Konam alai and merely thinks about what he wants to prohibit on himself, even though he Mentioned "Konam," since he didn't indicate at all what he is referring to, it is called a Yad Sheeino Mochiach (indication which is unclear), and the Neder would not be binding.
However lets say apples were in front of him (I'm not sure if the questioner is talking about this situation), and he said "Konam alai", if the people around see that he is clearly referring to the apples e.g there is no other fruit in front of him, even though his words have no clear indication by themselves, the fact that an exterior factor (i.e the apples in front of him) indicates clearly what he means, this would be considered a Yad Mochiach (clear indication) and the Neder will be binding.
This is clear from the continuation of the Gemoro kiddushin 5b: והתנן: האומר "אהא", הרי זה נזיר. והוינן בה: ודילמא אהא בתענית קאמר? ואמר שמואל: כשהיה נזיר עובר לפניו; דמשמע דהא לאו הכי, הוו להו ידיים שאין מוכיחות ולא הויין ידיים. We have a Mishna That say :A person who says "I will be" He becomes a Nazir , But surely this is a Yad Sheeino Mochiach (indication which is unclear), since "i will be" could be referring to "I will be fasting." Therefore Shmuel explains in this case, he is saying "I will be," whilst a Nazir is walking in front of him. Therefore it is clear to everyone he wants to be a Nazir (and he doesn't want to fast).
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If a woman proclaims “I am a male”, will she become obligated to observe all mitzvos which men are obligated, because of שוייה לנפשה חתיכה דאיסורא?
May a surgeon who needs to do surgery on Shabbat correct the time on his watch?


How's this for historical irony: there's a tea party movement starting in Britain.
Daniel Hannan, a British member of the European Parliament (the parliamentary body of the EU) appeared on Fox News Friday afternoon to explain to Neil Cavuto that he's organizing a tea party protest in the U.K., and that he's spoken with some tea party leaders in the U.S. (from the purportedly 15-million-strong group Tea Party Patriots, a major player in the conservative grassroots tea party movement in America) over the phone.
"The argument is the same, Neil. It's the same in Britain, it's the same in America," Hannan said. "...How we are going to get out of this debt crisis...it's not by taxing more, it's by spending less."
Hannan says the British tea partiers will be drinking tea, rather than throwing it into a harbor.
During the portion of the interview I caught, Hannan was not asked, nor did he offer, any thoughts on the Stamp Act.
The levels of historical reflection here are, admittedly, difficult to wrap one's head around. The tea party movement is so distinctly American, in its support for pure laissez-faire capitalism and free enterprise and its explicit appropriation of the language and tropes of Americanism. The movement is rife with talk about the founding fathers--though, let's face it, so is everything in American politics.
Europe is a liberal place, by our standards, but it's not terribly uncommon for British activists to aspire to the New World's brands of ultra-small-government conservatism. The Conservative Political Action Conference, held last weekend in Washington, DC, featured at least one British speaker on the big stage, who praised Ronald Reagan as sincerely (if not quite as effusively--then again, it's a known fact that the British are genetically more subdued) as the conference's American speakers.
From the portion of the interview I saw, it was difficult to tell whether the irony was mostly lost on or enjoyed by Hannan. But, again, we all treat irony differently.
British tea partyism is intriguing, partly because it so overtly contradicts the ethos of overthrowing British subjugation, partly because of how the American tea party movement is so proudly American and so proudly rejects European political trends, and partly because it forces this question: is the copy of a copy as sharp as the original...especially in a place that's so inhospitable to the pure-free-enterprise, no-government-involvement philosophy, and when it flies so hilariously in the face of the 230-year-old first draft?


The Making of Honda's "Hands"
When Honda’s “Hands” spot rolled out this past July, the industry was abuzz. The two-minute ad appeared to be a perfect execution of creativity and functionality – at once the ad showed Honda’s offerings while upping the creative bar for storytelling.
We talked to the minds behind the spot at Wieden+Kennedy’s London office. Creative team Aaron McGurk and Chris Lapham, as well as group account director, Paulo Salomao, shed some light on the visually stunning spot.
The spot showcases different Honda products from airplanes to lawn mowers to the traditional family minivan. Can you talk about how the idea to showcase the company's range of products came about?
So, for instance, the NSX car was co-designed by the late Formula 1 champion Ayrton Senna. When they finished the car they gave him two of them as a thank you—one in red and one in black. The license plate on one of the cars was “BSS 8888,” which stood for “Beco,” his nickname “Senna,” “Silva” and “8” representing the year 1988 when he won his first F1 title. We make a nod to it in the film but we didn't want to give too much away as we wanted the curious folk out there to go searching for the answers.
Who is the ad's target audience?
The audience is pretty broad given that it's a brand piece of communication showcasing a very broad range of Honda’s products. The one thing that was important was that we wanted to appeal to curious people who would want to engage with the film and find out more about the subtle clues within the film.
Normally we try and ensure our brand work feels warm, imaginative and helps nourish the “Power of Dreams” company strap line. By doing this we can ensure we remain focused, consistent and, above all else, relevant to a wide audience demographic.
What was Honda's initial reaction when you brought this idea to them?
The original brief was for a set of TV idents but we saw an opportunity to execute idents differently i.e create one long film and then cut it up multiple ways to fit the ident spaces which were 15, 10 and 5 seconds long. So to be honest, Honda wasn't expecting to see it as it's a little left field in its execution. However, they embraced the idea and could see its potential even though it took a bit of a creative leap to understand the vision we had in our heads for the film. We are really grateful that they were brave in buying the work in the early stages.
What has been the response to this ad in general?
Incredibly positive, both externally as well as internally within Honda. Itgained over three-million YouTube views in just over four days, which has been an amazing response. What we love is how curious people are about the products and the little stories sprinkled throughout the film—there are still a few that people haven't spotted yet! It feels as though the film is naturally making people curious to learn and find out more.
Can you talk a bit about the special effects involved in this ad? How did departments work together to make it happen?
We had to start off by modeling CAD data for every Honda product before building miniature CG models of them all.
We then had a hand model interact with miniature models (made out of wood with moving parts) according to a very complicated storyboard. He needed to learn his hand movements and positions off by heart because when it came to shooting his hands, they were positioned around the camera rig, which meant the body of the camera was in front of his face so he couldn't actually see what he was doing.
Once everything was shot, it was a case of stitching things together and gradually adding layers and layers of detail to the animation.
The directors, Smith & Foulkes, from Nexus worked closely with Analog across all the FX and animation. The guys at Factory Sound spent a long time working on the sound design, which wasn't easy as we had to delve deep in to the archives to make sure everything we were using was the correct and original sounds for all the products, noting was re-created from scratch.
It was a huge labor of love but we're glad everyone went the extra mile with it.
We love it when Honda is able to talk about themselves at a brand level. The thing that excites us the most is the fact that the film has made people inquisitively ask questions about Honda and the products they make.
They're the largest engine manufacturer in the world and create an unbelievable amount of engineering innovation that few people recognize. We're happy so many people have gotten to know a little bit more of that story.


Strabismus, or squint eyes, refers to a condition of misalignment of the eyes. The misalignment can be horizontal, vertical or obliquely oriented.
What are the symptoms associated with a squint?
Children and adults adapt differently to squints and therefore experience squints differently. Young children will usually have no complaints but will have the temporary/persistent squint noted by the parents. This squinting may also be masked by one eye "winking" when exposed to excessive sunlight.
In this age group, prompt intervention is required to prevent 'lazy eye'(amblyopia) from setting in. Adults with a new squint will complain of double vision(diplopia) and may adapt by closing one of the eyes to avoid seeing multiple images.
What are the causes of a squint?
Squints are broadly either due to an eye muscle weakness, an eye focusing weakness or a combination of the two. Primary squints (Infantile squints and Accommodative) develop early and are different from the secondary squints seen in adults that develop from vascular problems(Diabetes, Hypertension etc) and other neuro-ophthalmic diseases.
How are the various squints managed?
Each type of squint has a customized form of treatment for each person depending on the cause, the severity and the presence/degree of 'lazy eye'(amblyopia). A thorough examination by the ophthalmologist helps in classifying all of these factors and thereafter appropriating a treatment objective.
Amblyopia (lazy eye), if present, is treated with limited periods of eye-patching or special dilating eyedrops. Significant refractive errors (long/short-sightedness, astigmatism) are treated with spectacles/contact lenses with/out prisms. Botox injections into muscles can also be performed to neutralize the squint. These injections offer a temporary solution and need to be repeated after 4-6 months as the effect slowly wears off. Surgical correction to muscles may also be performed to correct any squints.
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a potentially blinding eye disorder that primarily affects premature infants weighing less than 1250 grams that are born before 31 weeks of gestation (A full-term pregnancy has a gestation of 38–42 weeks). The smaller a baby is at birth, the more likely that baby is to develop ROP.
Other contributing factors include anaemia, blood transfusions, respiratory distress, breathing difficulties, and the overall health of the infant. This disorder which usually develops in both eye is one of the most common causes of visual loss in childhood and can lead to lifelong vision impairment and blindness.
Today, with advances in neonatal care, smaller and more premature infants are being saved. These infants are at a much higher risk for ROP. Not all babies who are premature develop ROP. About 90% of all infants with ROP are in the milder category and do not need treatment. However, infants with a more severe disease can develop impaired vision or even blindness. About 1,100 - 1,500 infants annually develop ROP that is severe enough to require medical treatment. About 400 - 600 infants each year become legally blind from ROP.
Infants with ROP are considered to be at higher risk for developing certain eye problems later in life, such as retinal detachment, myopia (nearsightedness), strabismus (crossed eyes), amblyopia (lazy eye), and glaucoma. In many cases, these eye problems can be treated or controlled.
What are the causes of ROP?
Several complex factors may be responsible for the development of ROP. The eye starts to develop at about 16 weeks of pregnancy when the blood vessels of the retina begin to form at the optic nerve in the back of the eye. The blood vessels grow gradually toward the edges of the developing retina, supplying oxygen and nutrients. During the last 12 weeks of a pregnancy, the eye develops rapidly. When a baby is born full-term, the retinal blood vessel growth is mostly complete (The retina usually finishes growing a few weeks to a month after birth).
However, if a baby is born prematurely before these blood vessels have reached the edges of the retina, normal vessel growth may stop. The edges of the peripheral retina may not get enough oxygen and nutrients. Scientists believe that the periphery of the retina then sends out signals to other areas of the retina for nourishment. As a result, new abnormal vessels begin to grow. These new blood vessels are fragile and weak and can bleed, leading to retinal scarring. When these scars shrink, they pull on the retina, causing it to detach from the back of the eye.
What is the current treatment for retinopathy of prematurity?
The most effective proven treatments for ROP are laser therapy or cryotherapy. Laser therapy “burns away” the periphery of the retina, which has no normal blood vessels. With cryotherapy, physicians use an instrument that generates freezing temperatures to briefly touch spots on the surface of the eye that overlie the periphery of the retina.
Both laser treatment and cryotherapy destroy the peripheral areas of the retina, slowing or reversing the abnormal growth of blood vessels. Unfortunately, the treatments also destroy some side vision. This is done to save the most important part of our sight sharp, central vision we need for “straight ahead” activities such as reading, sewing, and driving.
This involves placing a silicone band around the eye and tightening it. This keeps the vitreous gel from pulling on the scar tissue and allows the retina to flatten back down onto the wall of the eye. Infants who have had a sclera buckle need to have the band removed months or years later since the eye continues to grow; otherwise, they will become nearsighted. Sclera buckles are usually performed on infants with stage IV or V. Vitrectomy.
Vitrectomy involves removing the vitreous and replacing it with a saline solution. After the vitreous has been removed, the scar tissue on the retina can be peeled back or cut away, allowing the retina to relax and lay back down against the eyewall. Vitrectomy is performed only at stage V.
Retinoblastoma (RB) is a rare form of cancer affecting the light-sensitive retinal cells that enable sight. Although the disease is very rare, it is the most common ocular malignancy in children and the third most common cancer to affect children occurring in one out of every 15,000 births. The eyes develop very early as babies grow in the womb. During the early stages of development, the eyes have cells called retinoblasts that divide into new cells and fill the retina. At a certain point, these cells stop dividing and develop into mature retinal cells.
Something rarely goes wrong with this process. Instead of maturing into special cells that detect light, some retinoblasts continue to divide and grow out of control, forming cancer known as retinoblastoma. The chain of events inside cells that leads to retinoblastoma is complex, but it almost always starts with a change (mutation) in a gene called the retinoblastoma (RB1) gene.
The normal RB1 gene helps keep cells from growing out of control, but the change in the gene stops it from working as it should. Depending on when and where the change in the RB1 gene occurs, 2 different types of retinoblastoma can result.
What are the different forms of retinoblastomas?
Also known as a germline mutation. In about 1 out of 3 children with retinoblastoma, the abnormality in the RB1 gene is congenital (present at birth) and is in all the cells of the body, including all of the cells of both retinas. In most of these children, there is no family history of this cancer. Only about 25% of the children born with this gene change inherit it from a parent. In about 75% of children, the gene change first occurs during early development in the womb. The reasons for this are not clear.
Children born with a mutation in the RB1 gene usually develop retinoblastoma in both eyes (known as bilateral retinoblastoma), and there are often several tumours within the eye (known as multifocal retinoblastoma). These children also have a higher risk of developing cancers in other areas as well because all of the cells in the body have the changed RB1 gene. A small number of children with this form of retinoblastoma will develop another tumour in the brain, usually in the pineal gland at the base of the brain (a pineoblastoma). This is also known as trilateral retinoblastoma. For survivors of hereditary retinoblastoma, the risk of developing other cancers later in life is also higher than average.
In about 2 out of 3 children with retinoblastoma, the abnormality in the RB1 gene develops on its own in only one cell in one eye. It is not known what causes this change. A child who has sporadic (non-hereditary) retinoblastoma develops only one tumour in one eye. This type of retinoblastoma is often found at a later age than the hereditary form. Children with this type of retinoblastoma do not have the same increased risk of other cancers as children with congenital retinoblastoma.
How does the retinoblastoma spread?
If retinoblastoma tumours are not treated, they can grow and fill much of the eyeball. Cells might break away from the main tumour on the retina and float through the vitreous to reach other parts of the eye, where they can form more tumours. If these tumours block the channels that let fluid circulate within the eye, the pressure inside the eye can rise. This can cause glaucoma, which can lead to pain and loss of vision in the affected eye.
Most retinoblastomas are found and treated before they have spread outside the eyeball. But retinoblastoma cells can occasionally spread to other parts of the body. The cells sometimes grow along the optic nerve and reach the brain. Retinoblastoma cells can also grow through the covering layers of the eyeball and into the eye socket, eyelids, and nearby tissues. Once cancer reaches tissues outside the eyeball, it can then spread to lymph nodes (small bean-shaped collections of immune system cells) and to other organs such as the liver, bones, and bone marrow (the soft, inner part of many bones).
Treatment options depend on the size of the retinoblastoma, the number of eyes involved, general health of the individual, presence of spread beyond the eye & the amount of salvageable vision.
Enucleation (removal of a tumour infested eyeball).


A reasonable question to ask upon viewing any new Ridley Scott movie is: "is this the 'true' version of the movie or will there be an extended cut, director's cut be available on DVD in 6 months?" Director Ridley Scott, of course, is famous for adding director's cuts to his films, most notably Blade Runner and Kingdom of Heaven, but Alien, Legend, Gladiator and Black Hawk Down have also received alternate versions.
At first glance, nothing appears to be missing from Exodus: Gods and Kings, Scott's latest film which is based on the Biblical story of Exodus. All of the major plot points are here: sibling rivalry between Moses and his adopted brother Ramses, the slavery and emancipation of the Israelites and lots and lots of plagues.
The film is gorgeous to look at and the scope is appropriately epic, yet somehow the film falls flat. Moses' character arc, and the whole film really, seem to be going through the motions. Moses' spiritual awakening seems to be pre-ordained by lore and the film's four screenwriters, rather than something that is earned by the character. While the Egyptian royalty is explored a bit, the Israelites aren’t given anything to do in the film other than build pyramids and be led away from building pyramids. To call them one-dimensional would overstate their agency in the film. The only interesting liberty the film takes is when there Hebrews hiding in basements from Ramses’ army, which immediately evokes the Holocaust.
The ethnicity of the cast notwithstanding, there has been controversy of casting white actors to play Egyptians, the principal players do a fine job. Christian Bale stars as Moses with Joel Edgerton as Ramses. John Turturro, Aaron Paul and Sigourney Weaver appear as support characters.
God Himself appears to Moses in the film in the form of a young boy. An interesting choice, but one that adds implications that were likely unintentional. Played by tween Issac Andrews, God appears more petulant than awe-inspiring. Screaming for Egyptian blood and brooding against thunderstorms, were it not for the Judeo-Christian context of the film, this boy could have been mistaken for demonic rather than divine.
The violence in Exodus: Gods and Kings is something that is unavoidable, for sure. Unlike Scott’s Gladiator and Kingdom of Heaven, the violence has been sanitized for a PG-13 rating here. Worry not, bloodhounds, there are still stabbings, hangings, drownings and enough crocodile attacks to turn the Nile red with blood. At one point Ramses wants to challenge God to a kill-a-thon to prove who the better god is (Pharaohs you’ll recall were believed to be gods on Earth). The Abrahamic God wins, of course, pulling out infanticide as His trump card. Death by plague is rendered in glorious 3D for those who choose that format.
Is there a version of this film that flushes out the characters more? Maybe. Possibly. Probably. Only the DVD will tell. The film as it appears in theaters fulfills its duties as a sword and sandal epic and as a reasonable blow-by-blow account of the Exodus. It does not, however, engage in a meaningful way with faith or God’s Covenant with man. There is something to be said about treating Biblical material with reverence and/or intellectual honesty, not as spectacle.


Unfortunately, the bank is lending your money out and receiving a much greater rate of interest on your money than is being paid out to you. How does one generate a better return on their cash? Bonds are a great way to do it - but there is another option to consider that isn't as well known or popular, but is worth considering: preferred stock.
Preferred stock operates similar to a hybrid car that can run on both gasoline and battery power. Like common stock, they exchange hands daily on trading exchanges and can be bought and sold easily. Like bonds, you own preferred stock for the income as opposed to price appreciation. At the moment, many preferred shares are paying annual interest of just over 6% - an attractive number for any income investor.
With any fixed income security, be it bonds or preferred stock, there are two risks to consider. The first is default, the risk of a company falling into bankruptcy and being unable to meet its debt obligations. Though the risk of default is never zero, through careful selection and individual analysis, this risk can be greatly mitigated. The other is interest rate risk, which has manifested itself greatly over the past few months. Rising interest rates cause the price of bonds to fall and preferred shares have been impacted as well, as prices have dropped recently.
So, how do you deal with interest rate risk? Many preferred shares have long-term maturities or are perpetual (no maturity date), which makes them more sensitive to rises in interest rates. Our solution is to look for shares that we believe have a greater likelihood of being redeemed in the near future (many shares have call provisions which means they can be redeemed early by the issuer). Each share has a specific redemption price known as its "par value," which is usually $25 per share. With many shares currently trading at discounts to par ($22-$24 per share), a redemption at $25 per share has the potential to offer an attractive capital gain as well.
It's important to know that there is no guarantee that shares will be redeemed in the near future, or if ever. However, with rates remaining well below 6%, it's not a stretch to think that many large banks and insurance companies will look to refinance these shares at the earliest opportunity, no sooner than you would with a 6% mortgage that could be refinanced to 4%.


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0:14Skip to 0 minutes and 14 secondsThe Tinder-box is one of Hans Christian Andersen's earliest and best-known fairy tales. It's about a soldier, who is on his way home from war but stumbles upon a witch who sets the story in motion. As such, the fairy tale seems to follow traditional folktale structures. Initially, this can be seen in the focus on the number three. There are three dogs helping the soldier, and the king and queen use three attempts trying to find out, who is behind the nightly abductions of the princess. In his introduction to this series of lectures Johannes Noerregaard Frandsen presented the beginning of this fairy tale to show, how the narrator transports the readers directly into the logic of the story.
0:59Skip to 0 minutes and 59 secondsThis is a specifically Andersen-like trait. He frequently uses direct speech, exclamations and repetitions. I'd like to focus on the passage where the soldier moves from room to room down the old tree. Specifically, I'd like you to characterise the writing style in the passage and discuss what importance the stylistic factors may carry. The Tinder-box He now opened the first door. Uh! There sat the dog with eyes as big as saucers glaring at him. You're a nice-looking chap! the soldier said, placed him on the witch's apron and took just as many copper coins as would fit into his pockets, closed the chest, put the dog back on it again and went into the second room. Ooh!
1:55Skip to 1 minute and 55 secondsThere sat the dog with eyes as big as mill-wheels. You shouldn't stare at me so much! the soldier said, it might hurt your eyes! And he placed the dog on the witch's apron, but when he saw the many silver coins in the chest, he threw away all the copper coins he had and filled his pockets and his knapsack with pure silver. Now he went into the third room! Oh no, how ghastly! The dog there really did have two eyes each as big as the Round Tower. And they spun round in his face, just like wheels! When first reading the story, it might seem in sync with the structures of the folk tales as laid out in the actantial model.
2:48Skip to 2 minutes and 48 secondsWe meet a hero who goes on a quest; he meets helpers and antagonists but overcomes the challenges and wins the princess in the end. But on a closer look, there are some things that don't add up. For instance, we have no idea where the soldier is coming from. The classic structure of the hero is home-away-home. But in The Tinder-box, we seem to have skipped the first part, and now we meet the soldier on his way back home. But he never reaches this home. On the contrary, he is side-tracked by the witch, and this unplanned digression from the beaten path ends up being the actual story - definitely not textbook folktale material. Let's focus on the witch for a moment.
3:36Skip to 3 minutes and 36 secondsHow would you characterise her helping function in the fairy tale? With your knowledge of helpers, how do you find the witch fits into this role? And how does she deviate from it? Have you got the tinder-box with you? the witch asked. Oh yes, that's right, the soldier said, I'd completely forgotten about that! and he went and took it. The witch hauled him up, and there he was again on the highway, with his pockets, boots, knapsack and cap full of money. What are you going to use the tinder-box for? the soldier asked. None of your business! the witch said, you've got all your money! Just give me the tinder-box! Stuff and nonsense!
4:25Skip to 4 minutes and 25 secondsthe soldier said, tell me at once what you're going to use it for, or I'll draw my sword and cut off your head! No! the witch said. Then the soldier cut off her head. There she lay! But he bound up all his money in her apron, took it as a bundle on his back, stuffed the tinder-box into his pocket and went straight off to the town. Of course, this story isn't a folktale, but only inspired by its structures. I'd like you to see if you can find further digressions from the genre. It might be in the themes of the content or in the style of writing.
5:08Skip to 5 minutes and 8 secondsOne aspect that might be worth attention is the use of humour and irony in the narration of the story. Try, for instance, to consider the humour in the passage where the soldier spends all his money. He now led a gay life, went to the theatre, drove in the Royal Gardens and gave the poor lots of money - and that was nobly done! He knew from his own past how terrible it was not to have a penny! now he was rich, had splendid clothes, and gained a great number of friends as well, and all of them said what a fine fellow he was, a real gentleman - and the soldier liked all of this!
5:53Skip to 5 minutes and 53 secondsBut since he spent money every day and did not have any money coming in, he finally ended up with only a couple of small coins left and had to move out of the fine rooms where he had been living up into a tiny attic room, polish his own boots and sew them with a darning needle, and none of his friends came to see him, for there were so many stairs to climb. What kind of moral values may be extracted from this passage? How does the humour work in relation to that? And what are we to think about the narrator, who suddenly steps forward and makes explicit judgments about the generosity of the soldier?
‘The Tinderbox’ takes its point of departure in the folk tale, but at the same time it breaks its genre conventions.
In the video, PhD student Torsten Bøgh Thomsen, applying the actantial model to the fairy tale, will invite you to think about in what way its narrative structure resembles and differs from the typical narrative structure of the folk tale.
You will also hear storyteller Kari Brinch read extracts from ‘The Tinderbox’. She will read two text passages that are especially important for the analysis and interpretation of the text. Torsten will use these extracts to try to characterize the special writing style that became Hans Christian Andersen’s stamp of genius.


After reading the above article, all I can say is …. YUCKKKKKK….
23 Insane Things You Should Know About Snack Foods.


What do you look for in a resume writer and career coach?
I conduct extensive research on the company. I want to know everything about their products, services, competition, market and industry, as well as their financials, strengths, weaknesses, and lost opportunities. I then frame each answer in a manner that demonstrates my ability to add value by addressing each of these topics.
1) It must always include the right ingredients. 2) It has to offer something special and unique. 3) It's success relies heavily on creativity. 4) Any mistakes will be noticed.


There are times in our life when we feel like God is absent. We feel pain, isolation, and perhaps even terror. Many times we react to these experiences as if they are alien forces intruding on our life. While it is true we should do everything in our power to rid the world of suffering and isolation, we must realize that solitude, silence, and trust in the unseen are the counterparts of all that we fear and dread. This is shadow and darkness in everything. This is the Via Negativa: the Way of Silence.
It is easy to feel small, insignificant. When we contemplate the sheer enormity of the cosmos and realize that we are only 1 out of about 7,046,000,000 people on one of the billions of planets circling round billions of stars in the billions of galaxies in the universe, it is easy to feel dwarfed by it all. It is easy to forget that the universe is not an accident. Every effect has a cause. Something had to start time. Something had to cause the big bang. Something had to start life, since life cannot come from unlife. There is an Intelligence behind the cosmos, as distant as the darkness and as close as our breath.
"I know that you can do every thing, and that no thought can be withholden from you. Who is he that hides counsel without knowledge? therefore have I uttered that I understood not; things too wonderful for me, which I knew not. Hear, I beseech you, and I will speak: I will demand of you, and you declare unto me. I have heard of you by the hearing of the ear: but now mine eye sees you. Wherefore I abhor myself, and repent in dust and ashes (Job 42:2-6)."
The easiest journey through the Via Negativa is through voluntarily emptying ourselves of our concepts of separate self. Realizing the depths of No self [Anatta (Pāli) or Anātman (Sanskrit)] and Emptiness [Shunyata], is difficult for the grasping mind, but natural to the serene.
Ponder the question: What am I?
I am my body, this material form. No, not really. This body is in a constant state of flux. Cells are constantly dying and being born. Your body is never the same body from moment to moment. What is different when the body dies? Something that had been there is gone. The life has gone out of the body. So the life must be separate from the body if it can leave it.
I am my sensations, my feeling: touch, taste, smell, sight, and hearing. No, not really. You could loose any number of these senses and still exist. Your quality of life may change, but life itself is still there. So separation from sensation does not end life.
I am my perception, my cognition, my elemental concepts. No, not really. If a person suffers from brain damage making them no longer able to perceive, life does not depart.
I am my volition, my intellect, my opinions, and compulsions. No, not really. In totalitarian states, Alzheimer's disease, or any other condition where making complex mental formations is not possible, life does not depart.
I am my consciousness, knowledge, self awareness. No, not really. When we sleep, life does not end only to return when we awake.
What am I? I am Anatta (No Self). I am Buddha-dhatu, Buddha nature. What I am is something that no word can touch. I am no self, drawn from the sea of Emptiness [Shunyata] and Ayin of God. Why is it called emptiness? To prevent the mind from conceptualizing it. It is transcendent of all concepts.
I behold and know my body, I am not my body.
I behold and know my perceptions, I am not my perceptions.
I behold and know my compulsions, I am not my compulsions.
I behold and know my consciousness, I am not my consciousness.
This is what Jesus meant when "he said to them all, If any man will come after me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross daily, and follow me. For whosoever will save his life shall lose it: but whosoever will lose his life for my sake, the same shall save it. For what is a man advantaged, if he gain the whole world, and lose himself, or be cast away? For whosoever shall be ashamed of me and of my words, of him shall the Son of man be ashamed, when he shall come in his own glory, and in his Father's, and of the holy angels. But I tell you of a truth, there be some standing here, which shall not taste of death, till they see the kingdom of God (Luke 9:23-27)."
In silence and meditation, we experience the depth of God, and come closest to the ineffable Maker of all things. Our Jewish brothers and sisters call meditation, "hitbodedut," which means self seclusion. If we do not accept Silence, we will not hear God. If we do not accept our pain, we will suffer rather than grow. The Prophet Elijah waited for the silence to hear the voice of God. St Bernadette and St Julian of Norwich endured their pain, and brought blessings to us all.
I am not encouraging isolation. I am encouraging people to ignore their pain or the pain of others. Until we accept silence, emptiness, and even pain as a valid part of our spiritual journey, we cannot do anything about them.
"When I heard, my belly trembled; my lips quivered at the voice: rottenness entered into my bones, and I trembled in myself, that I might rest in the day of trouble: when he comes up unto the people, he will invade them with his troops. Although the fig tree shall not blossom, neither shall fruit be in the vines; the labor of the olive shall fail, and the fields shall yield no meat; the flock shall be cut off from the fold, and there shall be no herd in the stalls: Yet I will rejoice in the LORD, I will joy in the God of my salvation. The LORD God is my strength, and he will make my feet like hinds' feet, and he will make me to walk upon mine high places. To the chief singer on my stringed instruments (Hab 3:16-19)."
In that silence, we find the peace that passes all understanding. In silence, where no judgments can grow, we find rest in Providence.
Where can God be found? "In the Via Negativa. In darkness and nothingness, in the silence and emptying, in the letting go and letting be, and in the pain and suffering that constitute an equally real part of our spiritual journey. This is Path Two (Fox, Creation Spirituality, 18)."
In Proverbs 1:2-7, we are taught the four pillars of wisdom. In the Via Negativa, we build up the pillar of Equity (Meyshar). Meyshar means "evenness, uprightness, straightness, equity; evenness, level, smoothness (The NAS New Testament Greek Lexicon)."
Equity is "fairness or justice in the way people are treated (Merriam-Webster)," because we know we have no separate self and are inclined to unity and harmony.
During his life, Father Abraham built 4 altars. Each one represented a phase of his life. In the Via Negativa, we visit the Altar of Intimacy and Returning between the House of God and the Heap of Ruins from Genesis 12:8 and 13:3.
The Winged Bull represents the Gospel of Luke, who focused on the Via Negativa through the sacrifice and Atonement of Jesus Christ.
Sinking into Nothingness and Letting Nothingness be Nothingness.


Is religious tolerance actually simple religious indifference?
Is it really only religious indifference?
"Tolerance is the virtue of the man without convictions."
One of the recurrent themes found in this site's incoming Email is that the group operating this web site is only tolerant of the religious beliefs of others because we have no real religious convictions of our own.
After a few such Emails in as many months, we decided to write this essay to explore the connection between religious tolerance and religious indifference. Indifference towards religion certainly can generate tolerance. But that is only part of the story. Religious tolerance can also coexist with very strong personal beliefs.
This group consists of an Agnostic, Atheist, Christian, Wiccan and Zen Buddhist. We are only rarely able to reach a consensus on a theological concept. Each member holds their beliefs very strongly. Yet we are quite tolerant of each other.
Religious tolerance can reflect religious indifference?
In some cases, tolerance can simply be a result of a lack of religious convictions -- i.e. a byproduct of indifference. Some people have few or no strong religious convictions of their own. They will probably be quite tolerant of other people's beliefs. They simply don't care what others think. Chesterton's quote may well be directly applicable to them.
However, Chesterton's quote is not necessarily universally true. It reflects only one of many possibilities. Chesterton should have known better, and probably did. But he might have been trying to make a point through exaggeration.
Exclusivism: One's own faith tradition is the only true religion.
Inclusivism: One's own faith tradition is the only completely true religion. Other religions are incomplete or partially developed faiths which have some truth.
Pluralists may hold very strong personal convictions even while being "tolerant" of conflicting belief systems. They might feel that their own convictions are absolutely true and valid for themselves. But they believe that other people's belief systems are equally valid, if judged within their own cultures. So, an American Christian could hold very firm religious beliefs. She/he could also accept that Muslim belief systems are also true and valid within Islamic cultures. They could accept that Buddhist beliefs are true and valid for Buddhists. They are probably tolerant of non-Christian beliefs within all other religious groups, ranging from Agnosticism to Zoroastrian, including Buddhism, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, Wicca, etc. They would be tolerant of other person's and groups' beliefs whether expressed within their own locality, elsewhere in their country, or in foreign lands.
The right for a person convert from one belief system to another.
The right to communicate these beliefs with the hope of converting others.
The right to assemble with others in religious services, seminars, etc.
So they will work to assure that everyone enjoys religious freedom. Ultimately, this is the only way to guarantee their own freedom of religion in the future.
They may reject the validity of other people's beliefs, even while valuing those people's humanity and elementary rights. They oppose discrimination and oppression against other faiths, and work towards a society that allows all belief systems to coexist. This is what some people, including this web site, define as religious tolerance.
They might be a Christian, and believe in the Trinity, the Resurrection, the virgin conception of Jesus and other cardinal doctrines. But if they see the government restricting the religious or other civil rights of Muslims or Native Americans who may believe in none of these, he/she will fight to preserve everyone's religious freedom. She/he values the rights of others to have different beliefs and to engage in novel religious practices even while she/he personally believes that those beliefs and practices are invalid. That position is not particularly easy for some people to take. However it is essential if religious peace is to be maintained in such countries as the U.S. and Canada where religious diversity is rapidly increasing.
and conclude that all are probably limited human attempts to describe supernatural forces in the universe. Although skeptical that any are true, they also observe that religions bring a sense of purpose, comfort, stability, and security to people's lives. They might regard religious diversity as a positive force bringing social stability and cohesiveness. Thus, they might be religiously tolerant.
Jane I Smith, "Religious Tolerance," Duncan Black Macdonald Center, at: http://macdonald.hartsem.edu/ She is quoting George Carey's essay "Toleration," in Dan Cohn Sherbok, Ed., "Many Mansions. Interfaith and Religious Intolerance," Bellew Publishing, (1992), Pages 3 to 17.


How much mold rubber do I need?
by using our Rubber Estimation Calculator!
Estimating the amount of rubber needed to make a mold can be a difficult task. However, having enough rubber or having too much rubber left over is not only frustrating, but costly. Successfully mastering this task is not that complicated and, like most things related to mold making, the more often you try it the better you become.
There are a number of variables to consider including complexity of the model (varying dimensions, configuration, undercuts, draft, etc.), type of mold being made (2 piece poured block vs. 3-D brush-on), type of mold rubber being used, etc.. The following will serve as a rudimentary way to mathematically estimate your material requirements for making molds using rubber that is poured (such as our PMC-121 Series) and rubber that is brushed on (Brush-On® 40, 50 or 60).
To illustrate, we will assume that our model is a cube measuring 3″ wide by 3″ long and 3″ high (7.62 cm X 7.62 cm X 7.62 cm). To hold both our model and the rubber, we will need a containment field or box that measures 4″ wide, 4″ long and 4 ” high (10.16cm X 10.16cm X 10.16cm).
Easy Method: The easiest way to estimate your rubber requirements (by volume) is to place the model in the containment field and pour water up and over the model. The amount of water used represents the amount of rubber you will need. Be careful to remove all water and thoroughly dry model and containment field before pouring rubber.
Calculating Requirements By Weight: To estimate the amount of rubber needed, we will calculate the volume (cubic inches) of rubber needed to make the mold. This value, using the specific volume for the type of rubber used, will then be converted to mass or weight of rubber required.
A.) Calculate volume of box holding the mold: 4″ x 4″ x 4″ = 64 cubic inches (1,048.76 cubic centimeters).
C.) Subtract the volume of the cube from volume of the box to get total volume of rubber that you will need to make the mold: (B – A) = cubic inches to make mold. 64 cu. In. – 27 cu. In. = 37 cubic inches (1,048.76 – 442.45 = 606.31 cubic centimeters). 37 cubic inches (606.31 cm3) represents the volume of rubber needed to make the mold.
D.) The next step is to convert the volume value (37 cu. in. or 606.31 cm3) to a weight value – pounds or kilos. To do this, you need to know what your mold rubber will yield on a cubic inches per pound (cm3/kilo) basis. The “value” you need to do this is called the “Specific Volume” and is included on every Smooth-On product technical bulletin under the “Technical Headings” section. For PMC- 121/30, the specific volume is 27.7 cubic inches per pound (963 cm3/kg.). This means that a pound (kilo) of PMC-121/30 will occupy 27.7 cu. in. (963 cm3) of space.
E.) To figure the weight, the next step is to divide the volume of the rubber needed to make the mold by the specific volume yield of the mold rubber: 37 cu. in. / 27.7 cu. in = 1.34 lbs. (606.31 cm3 / 963 cm3 = .630 kg.) 1.34 lbs. or .630 kg. is the total weight of rubber that you will need to make the mold (Part A + Part B).
Blanket molds are usually made by pouring rubber directly over the model after having set up side walls to provide desired mold thickness. The model is covered with clay to a desired thickness. Then it is encased with a hard shell or mother mold. The clay is then removed and the rubber poured into the cavity to fill the void left by the clay.
**The volume of clay used to cover the model directly corresponds to the volume of rubber needed to make the mold.
1.) Form clay into a cube and calculate the volume of the clay.
2.) Using the methods described in the above examples, convert the volume of rubber to weight of rubber needed.
This is the amount of rubber you will need.
Our goal is to make a brush on mold of the cube (used in our example above) by brushing a ¼” (.65 cm.) layer of rubber over the entire surface area of the cube with the exception of the bottom of the cube that is resting on the table. The mold will be an open face mold with 5 sides of the cube covered with rubber.
Total area: 5 sides x 9 sq. in. = 45 square inches (290.30 cm2).
Using the same calculation as our previous example Part D), the next step is to convert the volume value to a weight value – pounds or kilos: 11.25 cu. In./19 cu. In per lb. = 0.59 lbs. 184.4 ¸ 685 cm3/kg. This is the total weight of rubber that you will need to make the mold (part A + part B).
**For complex brush on molds divide your model into sections and then calculate the surface area of each section separately, then add them up to get the total.
Q. How many square feet will one 5-gallon unit of Rebound® 25 brush-on silicone rubber cover at 3/8″ thickness?
1. 80 lbs. x 23.6 cubic inches per pound = 1,888 cu. in.
4. 35 square feet is the coverage of a 5-gallon unit of Rebound® 25 applied 3/8″ thick.
• 7 square feet is the coverage of a gallon unit of Rebound® 25 applied 3/8″ thick.
Q. How many square feet will one 5-gallon unit (75 lbs.) of Brush-On® 35 urethane rubber cover at 3/8″ thickness?
1. 75 lbs. x 21.5 cubic inches per pound = 1,612.5 cu. in.
4. 29.86 square feet is the coverage of a 5-gallon unit of Brush-On® 35 applied 3/8″ thick.
1. 13.4 lbs. x 21.5 cubic inches per pound = 288.1 cu. in.
4. 5.34 square feet is the coverage of a gallon unit of Brush-On® 35 applied 3/8″ thick.
Q. How many square feet will one 5-gallon unit (90 lbs.) of Brush-On® 40 or 50 urethane rubber cover at 3/8″ thickness?
1. 90 lbs. x 23.7 cubic inches per pound = 2,133 cu. in.
4. 39.5 square feet is the coverage of a 5-gallon unit of Brush-On® 40 or 50 when applied 3/8″ thick.
1. 18 lbs. x 23.7 cubic inches per pound = 426.6 cu. in.
Q. How many square feet will one 5-gallon unit of (90 lbs.) Brush-On® 60 urethane rubber cover at 3/8″ thickness?
1. 90 lbs. x 23.5 cubic inches per pound = 2,115 cu. in.
4. 39.16 square feet is the coverage of a 5-gallon unit of Brush-On® 60 applied 3/8″ thick.
1. 18 lbs. x 23.5 cubic inches per pound = 423 cu. in.
4. 7.83 square feet is the coverage of a gallon unit of Brush-On® 60 applied 3/8″ thick.
Q. How many square feet will one 5-gallon unit (55 lbs.) of Mold Max® Stroke Cover at 3/8″ thickness?
4. 24 square feet is the coverage of a 5-gallon unit of Mold Max applied 3/8″ thick.


Ask the child to identify each food item (other than condiments) and to categorize it by basic food group: meat, dairy, grain, or fruits and vegetables. Ask the child to place each food group in a different crate.
Ask the child to identify each food item (other than condiments) and to categorize it by basic food group: meat, dairy, grain or fruits and vegetables. Ask the child to place each food group in a different crate.
Have the child identify the colors of each food item, and sort the items by color among the four crates.
Help the child to assemble a balanced meal in each basket. Explain that each meal must have one item from each food group.
Visual memory skills: Place 3-4 ingredients in front of the child. Let the child study them before asking the child to close their eyes while you remove one piece. Ask the child which piece was removed. Gradually increase the number of ingredients.


How do I know if I need a multi-vitamin?
If you're alive you need a multi-vitamin.
It's very difficult if not impossible to get all the nutrients your body needs for optimum performance from the food you eat. You simply could not eat all the food in one day. Not only that, you would have to be an expert in food chemistry to be able to design your meals so that you could get the vitamins and minerals required for optimum health and performance.
Multi-Pro 32X is easy, convenient, and supplies your body with all the vitamins and minerals it needs to function optimally.* And Multi-Pro 32X is designed for the real world and real athlete. It's not designed to meet the RDA (recommended daily allowance) it's designed to meet your body's need - which are far greater than the RDA outlines.
Why can't I just take a One-a-Day vitamin?
Because it is not near as potent as it needs to be to optimize health and performance. This type of vitamin is designed to supply the RDA and nothing more. This does not take into account your activity level, the research on higher doses of certain vitamins for maintaining overall health, and it certainly does not provide the level of anti-oxidants research has shown to be effective. Multi-Pro 32X does.
I heard that I get all the vitamins I need in my diet. If that's true why do I need a multi-vitamin?
That's wishful thinking! It really is.
I don't know of anyone that gets all the vitamins and minerals they need from their diet. It's just not possible in today's world with today's lifestyles.
Below is a the FDA food pyramid that outlines all the different foods and the amounts of each you need to eat each and every day just to meet the miniscule RDA of vitamins and minerals.
To break it down into hard numbers you'll need 6-11 servings of bread, cereal, rice, or pasta; 2-4 servings of fruit, 2-3 servings of meat, poultry, or fish; 3-5 servings of vegetables; 2-3 servings milk, yogurt, and cheese.
This is each and every day and this is just to meet the RDA.
Quadruple the RDA, which is a good guideline as to what you should really strive for, and your looking at 24 to 44 servings of rice, bread, and pasta; 8 to 16 servings of fruit; 12 to 20 servings of vegetable, and so on. Get the picture? And this does not take into account your activity level, pollution that you breathe, toxins that you consume daily, etc.
This is why you need Multi-Pro-32X.
When I take Multi-Pro 32X my urine is bright yellow. Does that mean I'm just peeing it all out?
You always hear this from the "nutrition experts". They tell you that vitamins only produce expensive urine.
Why should I take Multi-Pro 32X in the morning and at night?
This ensures you have constant supply of vital nutrients, anti-oxidants, and minerals 24 hours a day. This is critical. Most multi-vitamins instruct you to take only one a day. This leaves a very large nutritional gap during times when your body needs nutrients most.
Why is Multi-Pro 32X in a tablet form and not a capsule?
Capsules are great. I like capsules. I like capsules better than tablets. But, for a multi-vitamin/multi-mineral supplement to be optimally effective it needs to be in a tablet form.
I'll explain. When you swallow a capsule it is dissolved in the stomach and the contents are released. The contents then travel to the small intestine and are absorbed. This is usually not a problem. A multi-vitamin however, contains many delicate compounds that are can be easily destroyed by the stomach acids. If a multi-vitamin is in a capsule form, many of the nutrients will never make it to the small intestine for absorption and utilization.
By constructing Multi-Pro 32X with this important design criteria in mind and incorporating a specialized coating so it will pass through the stomach and be released in the small intestine unharmed, we are able to formulate a fully functional and fully absorbable multi-vitamin/multi-mineral that is far superior to capsule formulas.
Why does Multi-Pro 32X have such high percentages of vitamins and minerals?
Multi-Pro 32X is not like other multi-vitamins. It is designed to meet the micro-nutrient requirements of the athlete and the active individual living under today's less than ideal environmental and nutritional conditions.
The food available today is not near as nutritious as it was in years past. Processed foods are nutritionally depleted. Even fresh vegetables and fruit are grown under less than ideal conditions to meet the ever increasing demand - and because of this they are nutritionally weak by comparison.
Add this to the fact that the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of vitamins and minerals is outdated and certainly not centered around the advanced understanding of nutrients and their role in optimal health, performance and overall well-being.
The RDA is a 50 year old guideline established only to meet the absolute minimum vitamin and mineral requirement of a healthy individual to maintain a healthy body. The RDA is not a guideline of nutrient intake for optimal health or a guideline for active individuals whose nutritional requirements are much higher.
Just a good Multi Vitamin. I like the fact that it just provides me with the vitamins I need and does not try to add extra supplements or herbal blends. Some of us do not want or cannot have that stuff. Instructs you to take twice a day but if you compare to other vitamins most people could probably get away with taking once a day. The pill size is not that big of deal. I have seen worse.
Multi Pro 32X is a multivitamin that I've trusted and taken for well over a decade. This is a great vitamin that's packed with everything you've come to expect and need in a multi-vitamin (that isn't a pack). AST suggests taking this twice a day but I've taken this once a day and it's worked well for me and the supply lasts for longer. Multi-pack vitamins a a great resource but if you're only looking to take one excellent pill per day, look to this quality product. Fun fact: this vitamin is not a horse pill.
Great price, does its job. Only draw back is its a horse pill.
I like this one. It lasts pretty long and the pills have a smooth coating so it doesnt taste all salty and gritty like those opti men pills. I take one with breakfast and before bed. I noticed that my urine doesnt have a neon color to it so often.
I haven't purchased a different Multi in YEARS. AST knows how to make good products at great prices and this one is one of their best!
Pretty Good Stuff . Has all the necessary Vit & Minerals , gives you a real boost . I take it every 2nd day , and its still very effective. Think Ill stick with it !!!
Directions For Multi Pro 32X: Take one tablet twice daily - AM/PM.


Is there any way to force same set of features for all the dependencies shared across targets in workspace?
Cargo will use minimal set of features for each target (https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/4463 & related). This causes problems for us due to all the recompilation that happens across different targets.
When compiling “A”, “syn” is compiled with default features. However, when compiling “B”, “syn” is compiled with feature [“extra-traits”] enabled (because of some other dependency only used for “B”, but not for “A”).
This triggers chain of discrepancies and in the end, when both “A” and “B” are compiled independently (for example, “cargo run --package A”, then separately “cargo run --package B”), causes some of our pretty big crates (“huge_crate”) to be compiled twice.
What I would prefer is some way to unify features across the whole workspace, maybe something like a superset of features? Like a workspace setting saying “when depending on ‘syn’, turn on [“extra-traits”] feature”.
Is anything like this possible?
Currently I’m using a pretty crude workaround, a crate used as dev-dependency both for “A” and “B” and which depends on all of the crates where we have discrepancy in features, with a superset of features turned on.
I think, what I’m asking for is the reverse of https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/5730#issuecomment-427893012 and https://github.com/rust-lang/crates-io-cargo-teams/issues/13#issuecomment-439757466: I want to unify features across different targets as much as possible (perhaps, manually, by providing some extra configuration in my workspace Cargo.toml), to reduce (re-)compilation times.


Video Universe and a couple other sellers are offering the Buffy megapack but there are no details about the product. I am curious how it would be different from the Buffy the Vampire Slayer Complete Series Collection. Does anyone know?
I think it's all 7 of the individual season boxsets packaged together. So not the same packaging as the Complete Series collection, and no bonus disc.
Is there anything in the seven individual sets that is not in the megapack? I have all the seven season sets and am debating whether I should sell them off or not as I just got the megapack.
The megapack has all 39 discs from the individual boxsets, but the megapack also has a special DVD with some interview goodies, etc. That's the only difference in terms of DVD content.
So wait, this megapack that was released like 3 weeks ago has all the bonus features of the 7 individual season sets??
This really isn't that complicated.
For the MegaPack, the previous 7 box sets were bundled together. They are exactly the same as the original 7 box sets, just slammed together in one larger package.
The "Chosen Collection" box set has all-new packaging. The first 39 discs are identical to those from the previous box sets (except for the fact that they're in a different box now). The 40th disc is brand new.
In both cases, no changes have been made at all to the first 39 discs. All of the special features that were there in the previous box sets are there now. The "Chosen Collection" has a new disc with even more special features.