What Did People Use to Mask Surgical Pain Before Modern Anesthesia?
Other than ingesting alcohol and narcotics in sufficient doses to induce a state of analgesia, for most of its history, people in the West got through surgery with the aid of little more than forcible restraint and grit.
Drugs and alcohol were well known in the ancient world. Artifacts depicting opium poppies dating back to 4,000 BC have been found in the Levant, and evidence of Sumerian beer production dates to nearly 3,000 BC.; furthermore, henbane (Hyoscyamus niger), a member of the nightshade family, has been used to alleviate pain since the Babylonians began using it on toothaches around 2,250 BC.
By the classical age (Greco-Roman civilization), many nightshades, including the aforementioned henbane, were used to encourage sleep and manage pain. In fact, Homer even describes their application in The Odyssey where the witch, Circe, used magic herbs to subdue men and even restore Odysseus to life; these are presumed to include mandragora (mandrake) and datura (thornapple), both of which blunt the senses, mask pain and cause hallucinations.
Also at this time in Assyria and Egypt, "carotid compression," presumably whereby the blood supply is cut off for a bit until the person passes out, was practiced during things like circumcision and eye surgery.
Few improvements in anesthesia were made through the Middle Ages, although by the end of the 13th century, some physicians, including Theodoric of Lucca, Italy, were soaking spongers with opium and a variety of nightshades and other herbs, including hemlock (which can induce paralysis to some extent ). The vapors from these sponges would then be inhaled (and sometimes the drippings applied directly to the nostrils), in order to sedate the patient.
Many historians credit Paracelsus (1493-1541), the famous physician, botanist and alchemist, with discovering the narcotic effect of ether in 1525 when he (apparently) experimented with its effects on chickens. Valerius Cordus (1515-1544), the botanist and physician, is believed to have first synthesized it, in what he called the "sweet oil of vitriol," by distilling sulphuric acid and ethanol.
Gases became increasingly popular, and by the dawn of the 19th century, the benefits of nitrous oxide had been discovered; after this and the discovery of morphine by Friedrich Wilhelm Serturner in 1805, effective anesthesia for surgery was known, although it was not yet in widespread use.
M. placed me upon the mattress & spread a cambric handkerchief upon my face . . . [I] was instantly surrounded by the 7 men & my nurse . . . when the dreadful steel was plunged into the breast – cutting through veins – arteries – flesh – nerves . . . I began a scream that lasted unintermittingly during the whole time of the incision . . . [Furthemore] while the flesh resisted in a manner so forcible as to oppose & tire the hand of the operator [that he] was forced to change from the right to the left . . . I thought I might have expired. . . . I [even] felt the Knife tackling against the breast bone – scraping it!
According to Fanny, the entire operation of cutting and scraping lasted 20 minutes.
Other 19th century patients demonstrated less fortitude. While being operated on by the famous Dr. Robert Liston (the "fastest knife in the West End") for a bladder stone, the patient lost his nerve, broke free from the restraining arms of Liston's assistants, and fled the room. Liston is reported to have recaptured him and finally performed the surgery over the man's screams.
By 1847, chloroform had been discovered, and was used during childbirth, for surgeries and dental procedures, although its side effects (including sudden death and liver damage) limited its popularity. Over the next 40 years, other gases were tried, but most were eventually discarded.
After discovery of cocaine in 1877, it was used as an anesthetic and even a nerve block by 1884. By 1901, the caudal epidural analgesia was realized (although it was actually discovered by accident when a patient was given an inadvertent injection).
Control of breathing was perfected by the early 1930s, and intravenous drugs, like the barbiturate, thiopental, were being used by the 1940s, as were muscle relaxants, beginning with curare.
Today, anesthesia is widespread and generally very safe, with a direct mortality risk of less than 1 in 250,000.
Curare is a poison indigenous to Central and South America and was historically applied to the tips of darts and arrows to paralyze prey and enemies.
This post has been republished with permission from TodayIFoundOut.com. Image by Paul Townsend under Creative Commons license.


Can you solve these mathematical / statistical problems?
Much of the focus so far has been on discovering raw large primes: Any time a new one, bigger than all predecessors, is found, it gets a lot of attention even beyond the mathematical community. Here we explore a different path: finding numbers (usually not primes) that have a very large prime factor. In short, we are looking for special integer-valued functions f(n) such that f(n) has a prime factor bigger than n, hopefully much bigger than n, for most values of n.
The distribution of the largest prime factor has been studied extensively. If we choose a function that grows fast enough, one would expect that the largest prime factor of f(n) will always be larger than n. However, this would lead to intractable factoring issues to find the large primes in question. So in practice, we are interested in functions f(n) that do not grow too fast. The problem is that many, if not most very large integers, are friable : their largest prime factor is a relatively small prime. I like to call them porous numbers. So the challenge is to find a function f(n) that is not growing too fast, and that somehow produces very few friable numbers as n becomes extremely large. Read the full article here.
For another interesting challenge, read the section "Potential Areas of Research" in my article How to detect if numbers are random or not. For other articles featuring difficult mathematical problems, click here. For a statistical problem with several potential applications (clustering, data reduction) click here and read the last section. More challenges can be found here. .


The growing use of cloud technology doesn't dilute the importance of SLAs. IT leaders and analysts assert they may be more important than ever.
If you want to make IT pros laugh, try suggesting that the importance of service-level agreements is overblown when it comes to cloud services. "Well, that sure sounds like something a vendor would say," Merced College Director of IT Don Peterson said, enjoying a laugh along with his network manager, Arlis Brotner.
It was, in fact, something a vendor said. More specifically, it was the shared opinion of executives from top cloud service providers Microsoft, Amazon.com, Rackspace and Salesforce.com. Take a spin around the Web, read some blogs, and it becomes apparent the leaders from these companies believe CIOs put too much emphasis on cloud service-level agreements (SLAs), and claim that IT customers fret more about potential outages than about mastering the details of how the technology will be applied to and benefit their business.
Recognizing the business value of one's cloud service doesn't, however, diminish the value of an SLA, CIOs and many experts insist. As more cloud offerings enter the market and find their way into not just IT departments but business units across the enterprise, proponents of cloud SLAs say that getting base-level parameters in writing -- from uptime expectations to incident notification -- is a must.
Merced's Peterson takes the SLA very seriously. He recently oversaw the implementation of cloud-based storage to support the data demands of the California college's nearly 18,000 students, staff and faculty. "We wouldn't even think about [using cloud technology] without an SLA," Peterson said. "It's the ground rules."
Brotner, Peterson's colleague who researched and proposed that Merced turn to the cloud for storage, said base-level expectations have to be explicitly stated in writing. "It's not just about downtime; it's about response time, how quickly we report it and how they respond to it -- that's critical to have," he said. Otherwise, you're essentially left in the dark. Unlike with on-premises technology, there is no one to turn to with questions or with blame.
Gartner analyst Robert Desisto reviews the five most important elements of a cloud SLA.
General availability. You generally want to have 99.7% to 99.9% uptime; anything mission-critical has to be 99.9%.
Measurement period. Determine how the vendor quantifies its uptime performance. Is it measured monthly or quarterly?
What constitutes downtime? It's not the same for all vendors. It could be five, 10, 15 minutes, or more.
Incident notification. Be sure the vendor will notify you of a problem, not rely on you to report an incident.
Application of penalties. What is the financial remedy applied to you if the SLA is violated? Is it a percentage of fees or a credit on the following year's invoice? Or will they prorate your bill?
As it turned out, Peterson and Brotner were fortunate to forge a good relationship with their cloud storage vendor, Zetta Inc., which didn't balk at an SLA that included some finer points. "We needed it to really spell out how they were protecting our data, the redundancy, that it was encrypted in transit and in storage, all those things," Peterson said. "Some SLAs aren't quite so granular as that, but we needed that. It protects us and it protects the vendor."
Indeed, the importance of cloud SLAs -- setting those ground rules -- is more important than ever, according to analyst group Constellation Research Inc. This week, the San Francisco-based firm is releasing The Enterprise Cloud Buyers Bill of Rights. Focused on Software as a Service (SaaS), the document includes 55 "basic rights" that CIOs should demand over the life of a cloud service.
Constellation Principal Analyst and CEO R "Ray" Wang said that with the majority of enterprise software now being consumed via SaaS or cloud deployment, CIOs have to apply the same rigor and expectations in adopting and negotiating these contracts as for on-premises software. Just in terms of customer experience, for example, three "critical rights" must be met: quality guarantees and remuneration, ownership of and access to data with no questions asked, and ongoing financial and risk management transparency.
And those rights go well beyond the ones demanded by the IT department. As Wang states, the relationship between the vendor and the "client" today often includes not just IT but the chief marketing officer and business executives too. Going from on-premises software to the cloud is a chance for a clean slate for the IT department -- not only in building a trusted relationship with the vendor but also building a strong partnership with the business units that are served by the cloud.
Analyst Robert Desisto at Stamford, Conn.-based Gartner Inc. concurs. With so many players now involved in procuring cloud applications, it's important that CIOs bring their SLA expertise to bear. "It's absolutely another reminder of how important it is for CIOs to know what's happening in the business," he said.
You still want some degree of confidence that your partnership will be driven, managed and evaluated on the vendor's ability to live up to this agreement.
The issues and legalities inherent in cloud computing are complex, to be sure, Desisto said. But there are some things that should be simple and straightforward. For example, some cloud applications are less mission-critical than others, and the lack of their availability might not harm a company, he said. But even for these less critical business apps, buyers must insist on reaching a written agreement on performance expectations. He's yet to meet the CIO who feels otherwise.
"The bottom line is, if vendors are so confident about their performance, why not put it down on paper? What is the resistance?" he said. "The resistance is they don't want to have the liability out there that they won't be able to perform as advertised."
Desisto won't get any argument about that from Walter Weir. Earlier this year, the University of Nebraska CIO and his IT team carried out a cloud migration that moved 13,000 staff and faculty members from an on-premises legacy Lotus Notes system to a cloud-based system. For him, those more specific details about business value were covered in a request for proposals. But, he said, that didn't diminish the importance of the cloud SLA.
"There's an understanding that stuff happens and nobody's going to go gunning for anybody unless it's drastic," Weir said. But you still want some degree of confidence that your partnership will be driven, managed and evaluated on the vendor's ability to live up to this agreement."
Is the importance of cloud SLAs overblown?


Find out if your housing situation means you're legally homeless and how the council must help.
You can ask the council for help if you're homeless now or facing homelessness.
The council should give you a letter with reasons if they decide you're not legally homeless. You can ask for a review within 21 days if you think the decision is wrong.
The council only has to give general advice and information if you don't meet immigration and residence conditions.
You can ask the council for help when your landlord starts the eviction process (usually with a section 21 notice or sometimes with a section 8 notice).
You have a legal right to stay in your home until you're evicted by bailiffs.
The council could decide you're legally homeless before an eviction takes place if it's not reasonable to stay in your home.
This is because the eviction process can take a few months and the council may be able to persuade your landlord to stop or delay the process.
If you qualify for emergency housing when homeless, the council shouldn't make you wait for eviction by bailiffs.
You're legally homeless once your notice period or contract ends. Your landlord doesn't need a court order to evict you.
A court decides whether or not you should be evicted from a council or housing association home.
You can get legal help to challenge an eviction. The council may ask you to do this.
If eviction is unavoidable, the council might accept that you're legally homeless at an earlier stage.
You're legally homeless if family or friends withdraw their permission for you to stay.
The council could decide you're not homeless if family or friends agree to let you stay.
You're legally homeless if you are experiencing or threatened with domestic abuse by a partner, former partner or family member.
Violence or abuse could be directed at you personally or anyone in your household.
The council should look into your situation without putting you at further risk.
The council may decide you're threatened with homelessness rather than legally homeless if your lender writes to say they are taking court action.
You're legally homeless if the court makes an outright possession order which sets a date for you to leave your home. You still have the right to stay in your home until an eviction takes place.
You're not legally homeless if the court makes a suspended possession order which allows you to stay in your home and clear your arrears in instalments. You'll be threatened with homelessness again if you don't make the payments ordered.
You're legally homeless if you don't have a home and you're on the streets.
You're legally homeless if you stay for short periods with different friends or family because you have nowhere settled to stay (sometimes called sofa-surfing).
The council could decide you're not homeless if you have a home somewhere else (even if it's in a different country).
You're legally homeless if the council decide it's not reasonable to expect you to stay or return to your home.
The council might accept you're homeless if your home is severely overcrowded or there's a significant risk to your health because of poor conditions.
They may decide you're threatened with homelessness rather than homeless if conditions in your home can be improved.


We take a look at some of South Africa's banking sector numbers and compare it to various countries around the world..
Are South African's well banked?
Reasons for the countries selected above. The BRICS nations are included. Also included is the biggest and second biggest economies in Africa (Nigeria and Egypt respectively), an emerging market outside of BRICS (being Turkey). And Australia was added as South African's are super competitive and we want to beat the Aussies at everything. Macao was added purely for interest sake and the fact that it has a disproportionately high number of ATM's per 100 000 adults (but there is a reason for that). Note the same countries will not be selected for each graph as information is not always available for all countries.
The graphic above shows that Macao (a well known gambling region under Chinese control) has the largest number of ATM's per 100 000 adults. No real surprise there as people need to constantly draw money to get more money to gamble as they keep losing money to the house. Gambling in Macao is directly and indirectly responisble for almost 75% of Macao's total economic activity. Excluding gambling regions such as Macao, Russia and Australia have a large number of ATM's per 100 000 adults.
South Africa is in the middle of the pack, as it does not have the highest concentration of ATM's per 100 000 adults, but it certainly has way more ATM's per 100 000 adults than Nigeria, India, Egypt and is very close to mainland China. But it has to be said all of these countries have far larger populations than South Africa and it is therefore not unexpected that the number of ATM's per 100 000 adults are less in these countries. Egypt has a population of around 90million, Nigeria around 180million people, and China and India both over 1billion people.
While ATM's certainly shows ease of access to cash withdrawal services, the question then becomes how well other banking services are covered? Most banking services takes place at a bank branch. The graphic below shows the number of bank branches per 100 000 adults in the same countries as the graphic above. Again Macao has the highest number of branches per 100 000 adults.
As with the ATM's Macao shows a high concentration of bank branches per 100 000 adults, with Russia and Australia in hot pursuit. Macao's number of bank branches does not seem to be as high when compared to their ATM's per 100 000 adults for example. India's number of branches looks a whole lot better when compared to their number of ATM's per 100 000 adults. Seems a more traditional style of banking taking place in India where people go to branches to withdraw money and not to ATM's.
South Africa is sitting in the middle of the pack again. While it certainly seems better off in terms of number of ATM's per 100 000 adults than it's African peers, it is lagging behind most of it's BRICS partners and comparable emerging market, Turkey. It therefore looks like South Africa is well banked, when compared to its African peers, but a little less so when compared to their BRICS partners and other markets such as Australia and Turkey.
With a drive to more branchless banking and using technology to do banking one wonders what these numbers will look like in 5 to 10 years from now, as banks will look to cut costs by making online banking services more readily available to the masses and cut overhead costs at branches. But in saying that, the fastest growing bank in South Africa, Capitec still seems intent on opening numerous new branches as it powers ahead and keeps gaining market share in the industry.


The Zipcode for Dover is . Dover is a city of Stewart, Tennessee in the Mid South region of the USA. It is located about 63 miles west-northwest of TN's capital city of Nashville. In the most recent US census the population of Dover was 1417.
Dover (AR) is 305 miles west-southwest.
Dover (DE) is 696 miles east-northeast.
Dover Afb (DE) is 698 miles east-northeast.
Dover Air Force Base (DE) is 698 miles east-northeast.
Dover (FL) is 672 miles south-southeast.
Dover (GA) is 440 miles southeast.
Dover (ID) is 1664 miles northwest.
Dover (IL) is 348 miles north-northwest.
Dover (IN) is 245 miles northeast.
Dover Hill (IN) is 161 miles north-northeast.
Dover (KS) is 475 miles west-northwest.
Dover (KY) is 267 miles northeast.
Dover Foxcroft (ME) is 1139 miles northeast.
Dover (MA) is 967 miles east-northeast.
Dover (MI) is 457 miles north-northeast.
Dover (MN) is 565 miles north-northwest.
Dover (MO) is 369 miles west-northwest.
Dover (NH) is 1009 miles east-northeast.
Dover (NJ) is 780 miles east-northeast.
Dover Annex (NJ) is 780 miles east-northeast.
Dover Twp (NJ) is 779 miles east-northeast.
Dover Township (NJ) is 779 miles east-northeast.
Dover Plains (NY) is 843 miles east-northeast.
Dover (NC) is 592 miles east.
Dover (ND) is 952 miles northwest.
Dover (OH) is 443 miles northeast.
Dover (OK) is 563 miles west.
Dover (OR) is 1886 miles west-northwest.
Dover (PA) is 643 miles east-northeast.


TL;DR You don’t have to choose between the platforms, but here are some of the ways that they are different. You don’t have to leave Twitter, but there is a good chance Twitter will leave you …without your favorite Twitter client, that is. You may also be exasperated by Twitter’s refusal to take responsibility for the incendiary hate speech it distributes.
In September 2007, I became Twitter user #8,940,312. That sounds like a big number, until you realize that active Twitter accounts alone number in the hundreds of millions today.
I loved Twitter so much. I started with a small group of people I knew, and then found more and more kindred spirits via recommendations and retweets. I have several friends in “real life” who started as Twitter buddies. But over the years, Twitter has become something I don’t recognize anymore, a place where hate and intolerance and crass commercialism have found a welcoming home.
Today, I am the community manager of Micro.blog, a short-form blogging platform and social network that is independent, ad-free, and dedicated to promoting a flourishing independent microblog ecosystem outside the large corporate silos.
Tweeting is one form of microblogging. But when you use Twitter, your content stays at Twitter. At Micro.blog, you can write short or long posts that appear in the Micro.blog timeline as well as on a blog that you control.
The next most important thing to understand about Micro.blog is that the platform was designed, from the beginning, to prevent abuse and harassment. Your microblog is your own, where you are free to write about whatever you want, but we protect the timeline, where you can @-reply others, through a variety of tools and curation. We have community guidelines that are enforced.
So if you like the idea of owning the content you create and you’d like to participate in a lively community that values respect and support, you might like to come over to Micro.blog.
We don’t reveal followers or follower counts. We do reveal who you are following, which you have control over. It helps other microbloggers find new people to follow.
We don’t have the equivalent of retweets or likes. If you like something and want the author to know it, you can reply. We believe this encourages more thoughtful sharing.
Micro.blog doesn’t have a tool for automatically following people you already follow on Twitter. We do have a Discover tab, which is a curated version of the general timeline, so you can find new people to follow. You can search for users by name and handle. You can also look at who other microbloggers are following. Once a week, we have Micro Monday (remember Follow Friday?), where users recommend one person to follow.
Micro.blog doesn’t support #hashtags. Hashtags can be useful on Twitter for following a topic, but they have also been used to facilitate harassment and denigration. In the Discover section, we feature a rotating collection of “tagmoji,” which are emoji used as tags for general areas of interest, such as books, podcasts, and music. Microblogger Jason Burk compiled a useful list of the tagmoji we are using.
It’s still early days. We consider new features very carefully, and we err on the side of not adding them until we are confident they won’t have a deleterious effect on the community.
If you want to get an idea of how it’s working, I urge you to check out the Micro Monday microcast, a short weekly interview I do with one member of the Micro.blog community. Everyone on the podcast has commented that Micro.blog reminds them of early Twitter days. That’s what I love to hear. I loved early Twitter and I love the community that I still belong to there, but I don’t love the company or the platform anymore.
I still post there and still interact with people there. But my heart is at Micro.blog. I’m @macgenie. Follow me and I’ll introduce to my new community of interesting, creative, passionate, fun people.
Revised May 3, 2018 to include hashtags and tagmoji details. Revised August 10, 2018 to mention Twitter’s latest ethics issues, and to highlight the fact that conventional longer blog posts are also possible on Micro.blog.


Taken out of context, a photograph by Lauren Greenfield could be mistaken for an artful snapshot on TMZ or Star Magazine, documenting the over-the-top glitz and glamour on display at Hollywood parties and mansions. But seen within the breadth of Generation Wealth, the photographer and documentarian’s newly published photo-book, Greenfield’s photographs function more like a sociological study or an illustrated field guide. Documenting “the influence of affluence,” Greenfield captures a cultural zeitgeist formed by the cult of celebrity, commodity fetishism, beauty pageant culture, plastic surgery, and the objectification of women.
These topics aren’t new for Greenfield, though Generation Wealth can be read as an overarching thesis tying together themes she’s explored in depth in pervious projects. Her 2012 film The Queen of Versailles (for which Greenfield won the US Directing Award at Sundance) followed Jackie Siegel (the titular “Queen”) and her billionaire husband David as they struggled to build their dream, 90,000-square-foot home during the 2008 financial collapse. In the documentary THIN (2006), Greenfield follows women with eating disorders while they recover in a treatment facility in Florida. And her book Fast Forward: Growing Up in the Shadow of Hollywood (1997) documents the lives of Los Angeles teenagers, filled with the trappings of expensive clothes and fancy cars.


Just like the shoppers who have kept the tills ringing at fast fashion chain Primark, Associated British Foods plans to spend its way through the recession.
It can afford to, even if it means next year's profits will be flat. The clothes and food conglomerate is 55 per cent owned by Canada's secondrichest family the Westons, who are happy to bankroll the company's long-term future.
ABF's chief executive, George Weston, great-grandson of the company's founder, admitted heavy investment in Primark and in its sugar businesses in Africa and China would wipe out the expected rise in operating profits in 2009.
This has clearly vexed investors keen to make quick gains, with the shares closing down 9½p to 698p last night.
However, they have little to complain about considering ABF's track record over the years. The company has outperformed the battered FTSE 100 by 11 per cent so far this year.
And its chain of Primark stores, which accounts for a third of profits, continues to wipe the floor with its retail rivals.
Underlying sales were up by 4 per cent in the year ending September 13, defying the gloom that has gripped the rest of the High Street.
Its share of the £36bn clothing market has grown to 4.3 per cent in 2008, up from 3.9 per cent last year, according to Verdict.
Analyst Maureen Hinton reckons Primark is stealing sales from the likes of New Look and Dorothy Perkins as well as some mid-market retailers such as Next, M&S and Debenhams.
Weston is confident Primark can continue to tempt shoppers through its doors even if consumer spending deteriorates further.
The company has debts of £791million, up from £480million last year.
It plans to secure further borrowings to fund a spending spree over the next 12 months.
ABF will splurge close to £600m this financial year, up from £545million. Much of that will go on new Primark stores.
It recently started trading in Spain, where it has four stores, and initial results are so promising ABF reckons it could have at least 40 outlets there.
It is also planning to expand to Portugal, Germany and the Netherlands in 2009.
Meanwhile, British shoppers can expect more new stores in the UK, where there are 135 shops.
Plans are already in place to open outlets in Cambridge, Corby, Edinburgh and High Wycombe.
It hinted it could even pick up stores from rivals should they go bust. Meanwhile the rest of the ABF empire, which spans 44 countries, posted a robust set of annual results.
Pre-tax profits came in at £527million, from £508 a year ago, boosted by a strong performance at its Twinings Tea and Ovaltine grocery unit.
This offset a decline in the sugar division, which has been hit by the reform of European regulations covering the industry.
ABF's revenues were £8.2billion, up from £6.8billion in 2007. The final dividend was 13.5p, making the total dividend of 20.25p for the year, a rise of 4 per cent.
The Westons have been in the food and retail business since 1882, when George Weston started a bakery business in Canada.
His son Garfield expanded the business into the UK, creating what eventually became ABF.
The family business is now split into two mini-kingdoms. George's grandson Galen heads up the Canadian side, which as well as owning Canada's largest supermarket chain Loblaws, also controls up-market department stores Selfridges, Brown Thomas and Holt Renfrew.
The British side is headed up by Galen's nephew Guy. His company Wittington Investments owns Fortnum & Mason's and homewares chain Heals, as well as the 55 per cent stake in ABF.
Having been around for many decades, and with interests in such a wide range of businesses, ABF could do well in an economic downturn.
But as the pressures on consumer spending pile up there is no room for complacency.


Levi Stevens was born on January 31, 1907. He died in April 1956 at age 49.
Did Levi move a lot? Did he emigrate from another country? Add Levi's last known location.
Levi Stevens lived 21 years shorter than the average Stevens family member when he died at the age of 49.
1907 - In the year that Levi Stevens was born, the state of Oklahoma was admitted to the United States on November 16. Previously called "Oklahoma Territory" and "Indian Territory", the two areas were merged and Oklahoma became the 46th state. It is the 28th most populous state.
1916 - By the time he was just 9 years old, suffragette Jeannette Pickering Rankin became the first woman elected to the House of Representatives as a Representative at large from Montana. She was the first woman to hold an elected Federal office. Holding the office for two years, she ran again in 1940 and served another two year term. Montana had granted women unrestricted voting rights in 1914, 6 years before women got the vote nationally.
1922 - By the time he was only 15 years old, on November 4th, British Egyptologists George Carnarvon and Howard Carter unearthed the first step leading to King Tutankhamen's tomb in the Valley of the Kings. By the end of the month they had unearthed the steps and broken through the door into the intact tomb. This was the only tomb that had remained unlooted that had been found (and is, to date). Filled with gold, jewels, and ancient everyday items, the find was priceless - in terms of money and history.
1925 - When he was 18 years old, in July, the Scopes Trial - often called the Scopes Monkey Trial - took place, prosecuting a substitute teacher for teaching evolution in school. Tennessee had enacted a law that said it was "unlawful to teach human evolution in any state-funded school". William Jennings Bryan headed the prosecution and Clarence Darrow headed the defense. The teacher was found guilty and fined $100. An appeal to the Supreme Court of Tennessee upheld the law but overturned the guilty verdict.
1956 - In the year of Levi Stevens's passing, this was the year that the King of Rock and Roll, Elvis Presley, became an international sensation. He began the year as a regional favorite and ended the year with 17 recordings having been on the Billboard’s Top 100 singles chart, 11 TV appearances, and a movie. Elvis scandalized adults and thrilled teens.
Levi Stevens died in April 1956 at 49 years of age. There is no known cause of death. He was born on January 31, 1907. We have no information about Levi's family or relationships.


Name: Daniel Peres Interesting facts: Fact1: I gave CPR to a cow once Fact2: Whenever I have owned silver cars I have always run out of fuel at least once! Fact3: There are only two men who work in our department and they are both called Danny!
Name: Ben B Interesting facts: Fact1: Cycling is a great way to get around! Fact2: I admire the work of humanitarians and NGOs like the ones 25000spins supports! Fact3: You should definitely sign up for a 25000spins adventure, too!
Name: David Beaden Interesting facts: Fact1: One wife. Fact2: Six kids. Fact3: Three grandkids.
Name: Russell Lambe Interesting facts: Fact1: 3rd 25000 spins ride for me Fact2: Love riding, Love NZ, so great to have the opportunity. Training required I guess! Fact3: Even better My Wife is happy for me to go, hope to ride with the grandkids one day.
Name: Tiffany Sharp Interesting facts: Fact1: This will be my 3rd 25000 Spins ride – Swiss & Great Ocean Road previously Fact2: I love to take lots of photos of my adventures Fact3: I love travelling and exploring new areas, especially by bike!
Name: Randall Oliver Interesting facts: Fact1: I have a wife who happens to be my best friend Fact2: This wife I have sometimes snores Fact3: There is a good chance I will be sleeping in the doghouse tonight.


It is tough for you, as a small business, to compete with the huge budgets that major corporations allocate for employee training. But think of your small size as a positive rather than a negative and come up with creative, low-cost ways to grow your employees. Here are a few ideas to consider.
1. Provide a monthly or quarterly business book to each employee.
Then, bring them together at the end of the month or quarter to discuss implementing what they learned into their individual jobs and into the business as a whole.
At these meetings, require each employee to come in with at least one idea to improve efficiency or effectiveness. Be prepared to act on these suggestions. Alternatively, you can ask employees to email one idea a month. The idea is to keep them actively thinking of ways to improve the business.
4. Involve employees in decisions that affect them.
Underscore the fact that they are an important part of your business.
5. Offer rewards for ideas.
Encourage them to always be thinking of ways to bring in business or save you money. You might give the employee a percentage of the profit or savings.


What does it mean to be a leader for these days? Specifically, how do leaders take "higher ground" for Christ?
At our recent Leadership Community gathering, I shared what the Lord is teaching me about this. I wanted to share it with you with the prayer that it helps you take higher ground as well.
Having just finished my seventh year as serving as a pastor at Spanish River Church, and closing in on my fifth year as Senior Pastor, I am asking myself, "What's next? What might the Lord have in store for the next five years?" I have no desire to coast. I want to stay active and steward well this leadership assignment from God. In short, I want to take higher ground.
How do I do that? How do we do that? How does anyone do that?
God has sovereignly placed you in this place at this hour for his purpose. As I think about that truth -- for you and for me -- I am asking myself two questions: "What does it mean to be a leader for these days? How do we take higher ground?
We find the answer to those questions as we look back to days gone by.
God gives us a very interesting story in 1 Samuel 13-14. One that has huge leadership implications, especially for taking higher ground. Studying the passage I discover five essentials for leaders who want to take higher ground.
In the passage, Jonathan son of King Saul, embarks on a covert operation to take down an enemy outpost. His only comrade in this effort is his armor-bearer. The enemy outnumbers them, has greater firepower, and is on higher ground. But Jonathan has the confidence that God will give them them victory. You can read the entire story by clicking here. I have included select passages of Scripture under each of the five essentials.
1. Unwillingness to accept our limitations.
Have you ever stopped to consider how much God likes "uneven odds"? He called a wandering Abram from Ur of the Chaldeans to father a great nation. He used a timid Moses to lead two million people out of Egypt. He took Gideon with a little band of 300 men to defeat the innumerable Midianite army. And then he used Jonathan. What makes Jonathan's story so fascinating is that Jonathan was severely limited in both manpower and firepower.
I appreciate the words of Max De Pree, "The first job of a leader is to define reality." Jonathan did that. He knew that he was severely limited -- one weapon and one comrade -- but he also knew God. And knowing that God was on his side, Jonathan knew that he did not have to accept his limitations. God could provide anything he needed. God could help him reach higher ground even though his limitations made it seem impossible.
Think about it: What limitation in your life or the life of our church do you think is keeping you/us from "higher ground"? Give that to God and trust him to help you/us overcome it.
Carl Sandburg was a three-time Pulitzer-Prize winning poet and Lincoln biographer. At one point Sandburg wrote, "Nothing happens unless first a dream." I love that quote. God is sovereign. He is the mover. But the Sovereign Mover moves things through leaders. God stirs up a holy discontent and then he gives a dream.
Jonathan had a holy discontent. He was not satisfied to be sitting around while the Philistines walked all over his people.
Jonathan's holy discontent resulted in a plan (a dream) to take on and overcome the enemy. It is amazing what God can do with a little holy discontent and with a dream.
In 1933, Henry Heydt had a dream of equipping men and women with a better understanding of the Word of God. That dream led him to start Lancaster Bible College with 8 days students and 14 evening students. That's not much, but today LBC is the second largest Bible college in the country with an international reach. Nothing happens unless first a dream.
Jon Tyson came to Spanish River in 2007 for help with a vision he had for a church planting movement in New York City. He had nothing in NYC, but he was sacrificing all his worldly wealth to pursue his God-given desire. Today, just seven years later, God has used Jon to help birth seven churches in the city. Nothing happens unless first a dream.
Leaders who take higher ground live with holy discontent. Henry Heydt had it. Jon Tyson had it. Jonathan had it. They were not satisfied with the status quo. We should not be either. At the same time, holy discontent is not disgruntlement. Disgruntlement is an unholy complaining spirit that arises because things are "not going my way." We must cultivate the former and avoid the latter.
Think about it: What is on your heart for SRC -- for who God wants us to be and what he wants us to do? Pray that God would raise up the help to bring this about. Pray too that he would inflict us all with the holy discontent that leads us to dream great dreams and accomplish great things for his glory.
3. Unshakable confidence In God.
This point is short and simple: God honors unshakable faith. Jonathan had that kind of faith, a deep confidence in God.
Jonathan knew that God did not need superior numbers to bring about a superior outcome. So when he saw God's answer to his prayer about taking on the Philistines, he charged his enemies even though he was outmanned and outgunned.
"Do no pray for tasks equal to your powers. Pray for power equal to your tasks."
"Pray the largest prayers. You cannot think a prayer so large that God, in answering it, will not wish you had made it larger. Pray not for crutches but for wings."
Think about it: Who comes to your mind when you hear the phrase, "a person of great faith"? When asked that question, I am always thinking of someone else. More recently I realize that God wants that person to be me. It's not even so much that I must have BIG faith as it is that I have unshakeable confidence in our BIG GOD.
4. Unswerving loyalty to the leader and the cause.
I love the response of Jonathan's armor-bearer to Jonathan's hair-brained idea of attacking an enemy that so was so overpowering: "Behold, I am with you heart and soul" (1 Samuel 14:7). Literally, the armor-bearer said, "I am with you like your heart is with you." That is a pledge of total support. That is loyalty.
Think about it: What is your loyalty factor when it comes to following God's leader and God's plan?
5. Unhesitating willingness to risk.
None of the disciples had a pension plan. None of them had health insurance. None of them had a car allowance. None of them had vacation getaways in secluded wonderlands. Not that those things are bad, but living lives accustomed to a safety net can make us risk-averse.
Jonathan teaches me that taking higher ground means being willing to take a risk.
The picture the Bible paints would make a great movie. Jonathan and his armor-bearer, greatly outmanned and "outgunned," are scrambling up the rocky crag to take on their enemies. While they do this the enemy is raining down on them with their superior arsenal. Yeah . . . following God is risky.
As we look to the days ahead, fulfilling God's plan for our lives and for Spanish River Church is going to involve risk. We must be prepared to take that risk.
Think about it: On a 1 to 10 scale (1=low and 10=high), when it comes to "your" time, talents, and treasures, what is your risk tolerance? How willing are you to take a risk for God? Why/why not?
As I think about the last seven years and look ahead to the next five I wonder, "What might God do?" I'm grappling with this and our elders will be too in the coming days. Lord willing, two months from now we will be unveiling some of those plans. In the meantime we all need to prepare ourselves to be the kind of people God uses to take higher ground.
God is not looking for super stars. In fact, he delights in the ordinary. That's good news, because I'm very, very ordinary.So where do we start? Perhaps we can all begin by praying the prayer of the disciples, "Lord, increase our faith" (Luke 17:5). Then let's ask him to build into every one of us the essentials for taking higher ground.
Note: "I can see . . ." from Churchill: The Prophetic Statesman by James C. Humes. 2012. Washington, DC: Regency Publishing, Inc. Pages 217-218.


What is the Bee Gym?? It is the world's first grooming assistance device that helps the bees to rid themselves of varroa mites. The Bee Gym is a framework of wires which will enable the bee to scrape varroa mites off their backs, together with flippers and scrappers to help the bees remove the mites from their abdomen. Any dislodged or damaged mites will fall to the bottom of the hive so an open mesh floor should be used and emptied regularly.
The Bee Gym is a physical grooming aid and is chemical free. It can be left in the hive all year - save for an annual cleaning! The Bee Gym should be positioned in a busy part of the colony, about 2 cms back from the hive entrance or on top of the brood frame. Use along with a sticky board to observe mite drop.


Who is responsible for Lima's missing road signs? No one seems to know.
Call it the case of the phantom speed signs: Angry citizens of Lima, Peru, have reported receiving speed-camera tickets with images showing their cars blasting past a posted speed limit sign, but upon revisiting the scene of the supposed crime, they find no such sign.
A photo of an actual street in Lima, Peru (left). On the right, a speed camera ticket photo that includes the "missing" street sign. Images courtesy of Alerta Cameras Facebook group.
Drivers in the city are overwhelmingly outraged. One Facebook page on the subject has nearly 45,000 likes; investigative reporters are combing the streets for evidence of fraud. Even the government is stepping up — in early October, the National Ministry of the Interior suspended all photo tickets, and local authorities pledged to re-examine all 115,007 speed camera tickets issued this year.
In the latest response to the uproar, the Lima Tax Administration Service announced last week that it would revoke over 17,000 speeding tickets – 15 percent – because on at least 14 streets, the speed limits listed on signs are incorrect. But evidence and explanations for what's really happening are still hard to come by. In one example, a national newspaper reported that 4,463 tickets were issued this year on a street where a posted sign stated a speed limit of 35 km per hour. However, according to tax authorities, the limit on that street is 30 km per hour. On the day the article was published, the signs vanished from the street.
Officials maintain the government is not behind the "missing" signs, suggesting instead that vandals are responsible. As for the incorrect signs, some local officials are pointing fingers at a previous municipal administration (now accused of corruption).
The public, however, has largely blamed the current government, suggesting a ploy to fill official coffers. Just before last week's tax office ruling, a poll estimated just 25 percent of the city's residents believed speed cameras are put in place to prevent traffic accidents. Sixty-eight percent believe that they're meant to "raise money for the police and the municipalities [of greater Lima]." The national comptroller has jumped on the bandwagon, announcing an investigation into what the ticket money is used for.
All the bickering among authorities hasn't done much to soothe irate drivers. Some outraged citizens would like to see the tickets programmed with more leeway for small errors on the cameras' speed detection or on cars' speedometers.
In a city with 51,000 traffic collisions per year, which lead to an average of over a thousand deaths and 8,000 serious injuries, controlling car speed seems a reasonable priority. But as officials wade their way out of a mess of canceled tickets, mislabeled speed limits and uncoordinated bureaucracy, one question remains: who is really to blame?
Top image courtesy of AlertaCameras.


In the previous installment of this series I examined Muslim Wiki's claim that Native American languages and tribal names showed a clear Islamic or Arabic influence.
Now let's take a look at some of Muslim Wiki's other statements.
Mulsim Wiki makes repeated reference to black Muslim slaves transported to the New World. By their own estimate, 10-30% of all black slaves were Muslim. Fair enough. But in Muslim Wiki's narrative, runaway slaves brought Islam to Native Americans.
And there the logic begins to erode.
Let's look at this mathematically for a moment. If 30% of the slaves were Muslim- Muslim Wiki's highest estimate- then 70% were non-Muslim. Given a roughly equal rate of escape, this would mean the 3 in 10 runaway slaves were Muslim and 7 in 10 were non-Muslim. This would seem to make the non-Muslim influence on Native Americans far greater than the Muslim influence. Are we meant to infer that Native Americans instinctively rejected non-Muslim runaways in favor of Muslim runaways?
To bolster this claim, Muslim Wiki notes that an 1835 census lists 10% of the Cherokee Nation as being of African descent. This is not surprising given that, until 1866, some of the Cherokee were slave owners. Is Muslim Wiki suggesting that Muslim slaves converted their owners?
The authors at Muslim Wiki do not content themselves with speculating about language origins and slave populations, however. They are eager to claim both legal documents and historical figures, and here the site crosses the line from wishful thinking to outright falsehood.
Under the heading "American Treaties and Laws with American Muslims," Muslim Wiki lists The Treaty of Peace and Commerce "signed in the Delaware river in 1787, which bears the signature of Abdel Khak and Muhammad Ibn Abdullah."
The Treaty of Peace and Commerce is part of the Barbary Treaties, which were negotiated between the United States and Morocco. It was signed by Taher Ben Abdelhack Fennish (Abdel Khak) on behalf of the Kingdom of Morocco and Thomas Barclay on behalf of the United States. Muhammad III was the ruler of Morocco at the time. It has nothing whatever to do with any Muslims living in the United States and was not "signed in the Delaware river" (although that is an arresting mental image).
The complete Treaty of Peace and Commerce- in fact, all the Barbary Treaties- have been placed online by the Avalon Project at Yale Law School.
Muslim Wiki also posts a brief list of names under the heading "Famous Native American Muslims." I scanned the list and one name leapt out: "Ramadhan Ibn Wati of the Cherokees in 1866."
I showed this list to a friend of mine who is a Civil War buff. He burst out laughing on the spot. When he calmed down he began fetching history books.
"Wati of the Cherokees" is known to legitimate historians as Stand Watie, the only Native American to achieve the rank of General in the Civil War. He was born at Oothcaloga in what was then the Cherokee Nation in 1806. His family name was also known as Oowatie. "Stand" derives from the translation of his Cherokee name, De-ga-ta-ga, meaning "He stands" or "He stands firm." He also used the English name Isaac S. Watie. Watie attended the Moravian Mission School (a Christian academy) and became an important political voice in the Cherokee Nation.
He was never known as Ramadhan Ibn Watie, either during his life or after, and he was never a Muslim. That is simply a lie.
The issue of slavery caused a painful split in the Cherokee Nation, just as it did in the United States. Watie and his family were slave owners and Watie served with the Confederate Army, participating in 18 battles. The date '1866' affixed to his name by Muslim Wiki probably refers to the Cherokee Reconstruction Treaty of 1866, which he helped to negotiate.
In 1866 the Cherokee adopted their freed slaves, granting them citizenship in the Cherokee Nation, but it appears tensions persisted; in March of this year the Cherokee Nation voted to revoke the tribal membership of the slave's descendants.
I find it curious that Muslim Wiki would first assert that runaway slaves spread Islam to Native American tribes, then try to claim as a Muslim a Native American slave owner who fought to preserve the institution of slavery. Where do such wild fairy tales come from? In the next section we'll take a look at some of Muslim Wiki's sources.
What are you so afraid of...discovering the truth? Why don't you read more, PROPERLY, before spouting your silliness. Probably you are incapable of sensible discussion....that must be it.
Islam reached the 'Americas' well before the Spanish arrived with Muslims travelling from the western shores of Europe and Africa. They integrated with the native people they found there developing trade and cultural links. They intermarried and have blood ties with what are today called Native Americans. The Human Genome project on DNA will, no doubt, highlight this fact for those who have some wisdom and understanding. EEk, you must be so closed off and ignorant, open your mind heart, if you have one.
Ibn means "Son of"; so this Ramadhan is the "Son of" Watie of the Cherokees, and not Watie himself.
Ruby's faith-based approach to cultural anthropology leaves a lot to be desired.
I had a professor who called this methodology "proof by hand-waving."
the moors did and there a lot of evidence about that.
And the Arabs aready knew that the world was round.
Archaeological excavations conducted throughout North America and NorthAfrica reveala corresponding architecturalresemblance between ninthcentury buildings. The structure of a Berber house of the Atlas Mountains, Morocco , for instance, is exactly the same as that of a house in New Mexico . The same similarity can be traced between the Castle of Montezuma discovered in Arizona and the remnants found in Mesa Verdein Colorado and the general structure of Berber buildings .
Please also review "They Came Before Columbus" as well as Admiral Zeng He (Chinese Muslim).
Please note diaries of Christopher Columbus.
The Ponzone Brothers (Syrian Arab ancestry) were captain of at least two the ships.
Columbus sailed from Muslim Spain (where they were escaping the Inquisition)and many of the sailors were Muslim.
Mali ships also visited America before Columbus.
Sign of Muslim mosques have been found all over South America.
New Mexico carvings of Arabic words and images date back way before Columbus.
Yes, there were africans and muslims here before the white man. It is hard for the man who forced his will upon the land of the original man in Africa and the original man in America to believe this. because of the white man arrogance and channel vision, he can't see past his own intentions.
lol @ Muslims and Afrocentrics pushing their agendas onto American Indians and American Indian history. Face it, Islam and African Americans were in the Americas in post-colonial times.
A very narrow minded person who afraid to face the truth. He is blind folded by the wealth of the world and not ready to prepare for the after life. May Allah have mercy on him.
You truly don't understand slavery or Islam. Islam opens the eyes of people making them better aware of their harsh situation. These people are more likely to run away.
for other supporting evidences, just googling "sequoyah" or "selocta". Then look at their dress! Is it Indianese dress or Arabian dress? You conclude it.
The head "turban" was introduced as an interim headdress when a Cherokee delegation was taken to England. The coverings were left over from a previous delegation from India and used on the Cherokee then present because their appearance was too "shocking" for the fairy Euro types. lol @ Bruce and lol @ any misinformation to islamify Natives, man I tell ya.


Given N numbers: the first number in the input is N, after that N integers are given. Count the number of zeros among the given integers and print it.
You need to count the number of numbers that are equal to zero, not the number of zero digits.


Thereâ€™s no doubt that your family doctor is well qualified and competent to treat and solve all kinds of health issues, which is why he is your family doctor. A doctor becomes a family doctor when he treats the entire family consisting of all age groups since years. It is the trust that the family members have in him for every small health issue that makes him a â€œfamilyâ€? doctor. This would also mean that he can treat conditions of toddlers and children too.


How many diapers do I need? The answer depends on how often you want to do laundry. Typically 20 Newborn, 20 Medium and 10 Large will be enough if you do laundry daily.
Cloth diapers are much better for your baby. Without the chemicals used in disposable diapers, most cloth-diapered babies experience less diaper rash symptoms and when they have a rash, they're typically less severe.
Babies that are diapered in cloth, tend to potty train faster. Because the feeling of "wetness" isn't masked by chemicals, your toddler get's the necessary feedback of when an accident has occurred which increases their understanding and thus their ability to learn to use a real toilet.
Better for the environment. Cloth diapers can be used and reused over and over again. Every cloth-diapered child means one ton less waste in the landfill.
Economics Cloth diapering costs more initially, but over time can save you as much as 75% over disposables. Think about what you could do without having to spend $75 - $100 a month on disposable diapers? Your savings are also multiplied when you use them for subsequent children. There's no need to buy a whole new diaper "wardrobe" for your second child. You can't do that with disposables.


What do I need for an E-Commerce Site?
As an e-commerce web designer, it is my job not only to build a great e-commerce site for my clients, but guide them through what is required to get one up and running, and what it takes to make money with one. Like anything else, it's simple when you know what you're doing, daunting when you don't. Here are a few things you should know before starting up an e-commerce site.
1. What are you selling? This is the most important ingredient for your success online. Your product(s) will dictate the tone of your website, as well as it's success. It is a combination of knowing your market, your price point and your competition, both online and off. You must know before you start who your market is, will they buy your product at all, and what your price should be. If your product is something that has never been seen before, make sure it fills a need, and do the research for popular keywords before you name the site, or even the product. If the product is well known and sold by other websites, you have to convince your visitors that your company has the best price, warranty, reputation, shipping or whatever it is that will make them buy from you above your competition. This can be done with some psychology, good pricing and making the sale as easy as possible.
2. How will your take payments? If you have a business that takes credit cards, you can sometimes use your existing merchant services for your online store; but it may not be the most cost effective option. For those who don't even know what Merchant Services means, don't worry; between PayPal and Authorize.Net, you'll cover all the bases, and won't lose your shirt to fees. PayPal is free to get a merchant account, and their transaction fees are reasonable. The only drawback is that the checkout process for PayPal makes it look like they need a PayPal account to pay for your products, even when they don't. Authorize.Net is one of the largest merchant processors in the country, and allows you to take credit card numbers right on your website. Best advice: Get both! People who already have PayPal accounts will prefer to pay that way due to ease of use; shoppers that don't will break out their credit cards right then and there.
3. How will you ship your products? I meet a lot of business owners that get a daily visit from UPS or FedEx and assume that they will simply ship with them. But the reality is that they may already be wasting a lot of money in shipping by ignoring the Postal Service. USPS has some of the best rates for shipping in the US, and their flat rate box programs trounce the competition (if your products fit). Contrary to popular belief, USPS does offer tracking, as well as insurance for lost or stolen packages. Many small businesses online as well as ebay sellers use USPS religiously. If you find that UPS or FedEx is a better fit for you, great; just make sure to explore your options and keep your mind open in the future.
4. How will I market my website? Marketing is the most important aspect of any website, more so for e-commerce sites. Statistics show that 85% of traffic to your site will come from the search engines, and Google has up to 80% of that market. You can start with SEO, but that takes time. You can use Pay Per Click programs like Google Adwords to jump start your traffic, but that can get expensive. The best advise is to do SEO and Adwords, but not to count on them for all your traffic. Use other mediums like print ads, phone book ads, billboards and magazine ads to advertise your new website, and keep the ads in there for a few month / issues - many consumers will check to make sure you're in there a few times before they will buy from you.
4a. How do I market Online? SEO and Internet Marketing has to be considered before you buy anything, including your domain name. First step is Keyword Research, to find out how many people per month are even looking for your product or service. Example: If you are selling makeup or other beauty products, don't buy a domain like Debbiescompany.com, find your niche market and choose the hottest keywords to put in your domain name, like DebbiesEyeCream.com. Your domain name does NOT have to match your corporate name, but it does have to be found easily.
5. How much work is involved running an e-commerce site? Some people think that an e-commerce website will run itself; others that it will dominate their lives. Reality is somewhere in the middle, but the software you choose to base your website in is paramount. After using and trying many different shopping cart systems out there, from Zen Cart / OSCommerce to Microsoft SC, I've found that Virtuemart is the best software to use for it's ease of use for both buyers and sellers. While every shopping cart solution has it's own great features, the one that stands out about Virtuemart is that it is runs in Joomla CMS. Joomla is an award winning Content Managed Site system that is open source, is easy to add / edit content, and has great automated SEO systems that work for both the CMS and Virtuemart. This will significantly reduce the hours you'll spend getting your products online, and increase traffic from the search engines. Running the day to day operations efficiently is key - if you only get a few orders a day and you're happy with that, then packing, shipping and customer service won't take up too much of your time. But if you want to sell a few dozen orders per day, you better get your shipping systems down pat, create an RMA procedure to follow, and get ready to hire a few employees if you don't have them already.
The Secret to Success: Model your company after McDonalds. McDonalds is famous for creating systems to make hamburgers and fries taste the same no matter what store you buy them from, then hiring people to run the systems. Use trial and error to create set procedures for every aspect of your store, from putting products up to charging the client to shipping it out and handling returns. Write it all down in an Operations Manual and then train your personnel from that manual. As you grow, ask for feedback from your workers to make your procedures better and more efficient.
Most important - hire a web designer that understands not only web design and marketing, but who can guide you through all the nuances of the points above.


Are EU arms sales to China justifiable?
Both the USA and the European Union have bans on arms sales to China. These were put in place in 1989, as part of the international reaction to the massacre of pro-democracy demonstrators in Tiananmen Square. In the sixteen years since the ban was imposed, China has experienced rapid growth and has become a very important part of the global economy, both importing and exporting goods worth many billions of dollars a year.
It has also opened up to foreign investment and, as a recent member of the World Trade Organisation, is committed to further opening. Over the same period, China has also become more active diplomatically, participating more in global and regional bodies such as the United Nations. The Chinese leadership has called this increasing engagement China's "peaceful rise", although other nations worry about continuing territorial claims affecting relations with most of China's neighbours, as well as pressures from growing popular nationalism. The United States in particular is concerned about China's claim on Taiwan, which is regarded as a break-away province by the mainland, but which enjoys an unspoken promise of American support in case of an unprovoked Chinese invasion. In recent years China has spent a great deal on modernising its armed forces, buying advanced military equipment from Russia in particular, and much of this build-up appears to be designed to enable China to project its power outside its own borders. As China has become more important on the world stage, and a very important trading partner for Europe, it has lobbied hard for the EU arms ban to be lifted (Australia's similar ban was lifted in 1992, but there is no prospect of the United States doing so). France in particular has argued within the EU for removing the ban, pointing out that a 1998 code of conduct on weapons sales would ensure that European military technology did not flood into China. This position appeared to have widespread support from member states, including Germany, Italy and (at times) the U.K, although the European Parliament and public opinion in most member states remained strongly against change. It looked likely the ban would be repealed in mid-2005 but plans were put aside after strong American pressure and concern about China's attitude to Taiwan. Nonetheless, the issue appears likely to return and will remain controversial.
EU-China partnership: Is the EU developing a strategic partnership with China that might justify the EU lifting its ban?
Europe has a developing strategic partnership with China. Europe and China will soon be each other's largest trading partner, and as China's rapid growth continues it is playing an increasingly important part in the global economy and in international affairs. Clearly it is in the EU's interests to work together with this emerging superpower. Yet the arms ban forms a major obstacle to progress in this partnership and, after more than fifteen years, it is time to lift it. China has repeatedly said that it will never enjoy a normal trading relationship with the EU until the ban is lifted.
The idea of a "strategic partnership" with China is both vague and cause for concern. It is unclear what such a partnership would involve and questionable whether it is desirable. On one hand, by lifting the arms ban the EU will be showing that it favours stability over democracy and profit over principle. Other repressive regimes and would-be tyrants will surely take note. On the other hand it is unclear what actual harm there is to Europe from keeping the ban in place. Despite Chinese rhetoric about it damaging their trading relationship with the EU, it is not clear how European states are disadvantaged compared to other countries. As a WTO member China is committed to further market opening anyway, and as a member of the UN Security Council it is in its own interests to cooperate with others for mutual benefit.
Relevant symbol: Is the EU ban on arms sale a relevant symbol anymore?
The arms ban is an anachronism. - only China, Myanmar and Zimbabwe are singled out by the EU in this way from all the regimes in the world. This is pointlessly offensive to the Chinese government and people, who see it as political discrimination against them, and it should be lifted.
China has changed over the past fifteen years, becoming more open to the world and more open domestically. For example it is experimenting with democratic elections at village level and talking of extending these to townships. It has also effectively scrapped the repressive one-child policy. Internationally China is a responsible member of the international community, as befits a permanent member of the UN Security Council. At the United Nations, although it occasionally abstains from votes, it very rarely threatens to use its veto power in the Security Council - unlike the USA, for example. Its "peaceful rise" can also be seen in its hosting of the six-nation talks over North Korea's nuclear programme. And China is increasingly willing to operate within regional diplomatic frameworks covering East Asia, SE Asia and Central Asia.
The European Union should maintain the ban as a continued expression of disapproval for the Tienanmen square massacre and its legacy in modern China. The arms ban was imposed for a reason - the massacre of students demonstrating for democracy and openness in 1989. Nothing China has done since shows it regrets its savage actions in Tiananmen Square - indeed many of the demonstrators are still in prison today. If the ban is lifted, the EU will be implying that it should never have placed the ban on arms sales in the first place, and signalling that China can do what it likes to its own people without fear of EU objections. Indeed, the next time that peaceful demonstrators are attacked by the armed forces in China, they may be able to do it with European weapons. Overall, China's human rights record is still very bad. It still hasn't ratified the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and is regularly criticised by Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch for imprisoning political and religious activists without trial. This is not a state that should be rewarded with EU favours.
Strategic ban: Does a ban on arms sales consistent with the EU's strategic objectives?
The current arms ban is purely symbolic, as China is already able to buy a range of military items from Europe. ($555 million worth in 2003) and the USA, which has a similar "ban" on weapons sales to China. Future sales will be regulated by a tough EU code of conduct which prevents military equipment being sold to any state which might use it for external aggression or internal repression. Such a code of conduct will be a much better guarantee that China is not sold arms unless EU states are sure they will not be misused.
Lifting the arms ban will not strengthen China militarily. Not only would sales be restricted by the new code of conduct, but China has also clearly stated that it does not actually wish to purchase more military equipment from Europe. Even if China was sold high-tech European equipment, this could even be beneficial as it would make China dependent on the EU for such items and make it less likely to pursue its own research and development programmes.
The arms ban is strategically effective in preventing the Chinese military from gaining access to the best modern technologies. A convincing code of conduct has yet to be drawn up, but even if it looks very tight, it has a major flaw. Unlike the arms ban, individual EU member states will be able to judge for themselves whether a proposed arms sale breaks the code. Past experience suggests that when exports are at stake, perhaps with the risk of job losses in an election year, then politicians interpret codes like this very loosely. This will be made worse by the thought of an EU state that if it refuses a particular military sale to China, then another member state will be more flexible.
China poses a threat to regional and international peace and should not be encouraged and helped by European arms sales. It has territorial disputes with most of its neighbours, particularly over oil and gas reserves in the South China Sea. The regime has also encouraged an assertive nationalism, damaging relations with Japan, for example. Most seriously, China claims Taiwan, a pro-Western Chinese democracy, and is rapidly building up the kinds of military forces it would need for an assault on that island, as well as staging exercises designed to intimidate its people. Recently the Chinese parliament passed a law that force should be used against Taiwan if it declared formal independence. Quite apart from the principle of backing a repressive state against a democratic one, it is not in the EU's interests to make a war between two of its major trading partners more likely, especially as other powers such as the USA and perhaps Japan are then very likely to be drawn into the conflict.
Lifting the arms ban will strengthen China militarily. The US fears less the Chinese purchase of EU weaponry and armour, than that the regime will get hold of advanced communications and control systems, as well as high-technology guidance systems, night-vision equipment, etc. - all of which would make its existing military far more effective. Even if the EU is reluctant to sell such material to China, the possibility will give the Chinese leverage in negotiations with existing suppliers like Israel and Russia, who will feel under more pressure to sell China their most modern technology. In time, China's ability to "reverse engineer" high-technology equipment will also boost their own military research and development programmes.
Acquiring arms - Can China acquire all the arms it desires from other sources than the EU anyway, making an ban irrelevant and unnecessary?
In a global marketplace, if the EU states don't sell China arms, others will. Russia and Israel already sell China much high-tech military material. As Israel is a key American ally, US criticism of Europe over lifting this ban is particularly unfair. It is in Europe's economic interest to gain part of the huge Chinese market and so safeguard European jobs. And if European arms industries cannot find export markets, their production for domestic military forces is simply not enough to support the cost of research and development, so our indigenous arms sector may collapse.
Even if it was in Europe's interest to sell arms to China, the damage from upsetting the United States by lifting the arms ban would be much greater. This is partly because America takes the human rights situation in China more seriously, but mostly because the USA has a major commitment to the freedom of Taiwan. If China did attack the island, America would almost certainly intervene. As the US State Department has said in relation to lifting the ban, "We don't want to see a situation where American forces face European technologies." Congress has already threatened to restrict technology transfers to Europe if the ban is removed (for fear of this, BAE Systems, one of Europe's largest defence firms, has already said that it would not sell to China even if the ban was lifted).
Democratizing: Is lifting the ban a route to cooperation between the West and China, and the a route to its democratization in this way?
Cooperating with China is the best way to gain influence with the regime in order to promote democracy and human rights, engage it internationally, etc. The Chinese respond very badly to being publicly lectured or threatened, but they will listen to those friendly nations who have earned their trust in ways like these. Lifting the ban is an investment in the future of the Europe-China relationship, and could be of benefit to the whole world, not just the EU.
The European Union is taking a big risk in proposing to lift the arms ban. Firstly China may appear to be liberalising in some ways today, but there is no guarantee what an EU-armed China may look like in ten years time. The rise of nationalism as a way for the government to retain popular legitimacy, and recent moves against Taiwan are both worrying signs. Secondly, the EU is prepared to make this huge concession without anything meaningful in return. Given the desire of the Chinese leadership for the ban to go, Europe should at least use it as a major bargaining counter and make it conditional upon significant and real changes in both domestic and external behaviour.
This page was last modified 16:28, 20 September 2009.


How to enable Forward secrecy using Apache 2.2/OpenSSL 1.0.1 and Firefox 10 ESR?
in our company for one particular server we are using Apache httpd with OpenSSL. For our in house made application we are also distributing Firefox portable to end-users. We have also customized browser settings and are distributing to end users completely locked down browser in full-screen like mode. So end-user can't change any browser settings like changing URL address bar or similar (address bar and menu bar etc are hidden, proxy settings set, language variable set and many other little settings). Accessing our in-house made application by our in-house made customized browser is the only way this application is working, so accessing web application with other browser and application will not be working. So I only need to make as secure as possible to work this single browser version with our web server.
I would like to enable Forward secrecy in SSL. According to my understanding this is done specifying ciphers suites and respecting the cipher order. I was trying several different settings, but can't figure it out which of the cipher suite should I specify to have Forward secrecy and also to not compromise BEAST attack (so getting A grade on ssllabs.com/ssltest).
Can you please write some suggestion how to set SSLCipherSuite to have enabled Forward secrecy in my case?
By the way, this web server is not very busy, so I can afford additional CPU cycles for forward secrecy.
Bellow are detailed info about my system.
Note: I know that ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256 and AES128-GCM-SHA256 are TLS 1.2 cipher suites that are not available in Firefox 10 that the highest capable SSL protocol is TLS 1.0.
That means that upgrading to 2.4 is required if you want to use any of the ECDHE suites.
I did additional research and can't understand why cipher TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA does not work.
Browser Firefox 10 ESR is capable of supporting SSLv3 and TLSv3.
ECDHE-RSA-RC4-SHA is supported by SSLv3 protocol.
3. In Wireshark I see TLS 1.0 connection was attemted by browser with server response with error "handshake failure" and the same error for SSLv3 attempt.
Why do I get an error of not supported cihpers if both browser and httpd have a support for it?
That does sound very unusual. Are you 100% sure that you're configuring the correct virtual host? Sometimes, if the defaults are different, you might get inconsistent results.
I have Firefox 10 ESR here; can you give me your hostname to test?
All of the above should be TRUE.
So there are two lists: OpenSSL supported cipher list and Apache httpd supported cipher list.
P.S. I only have one virtual host, so config should be OK.
Thanks a million for you help.
I've never heard of an Apache feature that outputs the actually-supported suites. The only thing that comes to mind is to run the SSL Labs test against it, and determine the suites that way.
to count the ciphers that OpenSSL supports and I get number 52. Counting the ciphers from "Ciphers Suites" and I get only 10 ciphers. Waaaa, interesting... Now I understand why ECDHE ciphers are not displayed in my ssllabs.com result, because it is not supported by my web server.
Thanks a lot for explaining.
Correct. SSL Labs always displays all cipher suites supported by the web server.
If you look at above description b, c and d, there are also different hex-a numbers (omitting zeros).
but it looks like 0 is left out.
That's intentional. I find hexadecimal numbers easier to read without the unnecessary zeroes. If the numbers were vertically sorted (as in the OpenSSL output), I see the benefit of using leading zeros.


[description] => Soundarya Rajinikanth considers herself extremely blessed to have directed dad superstar Rajinikanth in her film "Kochadaiiyaan".
Filmmaker Soundarya Rajinikanth says she is not sure if she will work with her father superstar Rajinikanth once again, but she considers herself extremely blessed to have directed him in her film "Kochadaiiyaan".
Soundarya made her directorial debut with "Kochadaiiyaan", a motion-capture animated film, in 2014.
"I consider myself blessed to have directed him once. How many people would get the opportunity to say camera, action and cut to him? Working with him once will be a life-long memory," Soundarya told IANS in an interview.
Even though she doesn't deny the possibility of working with her father again, she clarified nothing is planned as of now.
"Dad wants me to write my next film. The two films I have directed so far were written by someone else. He is encouraging me to write. I'm working on a couple of ideas but haven't quite started writing yet," she said.
Soundarya is basking in the success of "VIP 2", which stars her brother-in-law Dhanush.
"A sequel comes with a lot of responsibility. The comparison with the first part was inevitable but what worried us the most was that the film could bring extreme reactions -- positive or negative. Luckily, we received mostly positive feedback," she said, extending gratitude to Dhanush for the faith he had in her.
Asked if she was intimated to work with two big stars in succession, she said: "They were not strangers to me. However, I was quite aware of their star image and respected that when I worked with them. But I was never intimated."
She said she enjoyed working with the bigger stars because, "It gave me the opportunity to learn. Not just with dad and Dhanush, but I also got to learn from Jackie (Shroff) uncle and Shobana ma'am when I worked with them in aKochadaiiyaan'."
Did she find it challenging to make a live-action film ("VIP 2") after "Kochadaiiyaan"?
"Honestly, preparation-wise we worked harder for 'Kochadaiiyaan' because we were dealing with a new technology. We had to understand it first and then start working on it. 'VIP 2' was much easier to shoot because I have seen the atmosphere of the regular shoot when I visited dad's film set as a kid," she said, heaping praise on her team for their constant support.
Soundarya is thrilled about her father's "Kaala", which is being produced by Dhanush.
"It feels special that 'Kaala' is being produced by Dhanush sir. He started Wunderbar Films to produce short films and web series. Today, to see his company bankrolling 'Kaala' means something for all of us. Just like appa's fans, we are all waiting for the film," she said.
Soundarya Rajinikanth considers herself extremely blessed to have directed dad superstar Rajinikanth in her film "Kochadaiiyaan".
Filmmaker Soundarya Rajinikanth says she is not sure if she will work with her father superstar Rajinikanth once again, but she considers herself extremely blessed to have directed him in her film “Kochadaiiyaan”.
Soundarya made her directorial debut with “Kochadaiiyaan”, a motion-capture animated film, in 2014.
“I consider myself blessed to have directed him once. How many people would get the opportunity to say camera, action and cut to him? Working with him once will be a life-long memory,” Soundarya told IANS in an interview.
Even though she doesn’t deny the possibility of working with her father again, she clarified nothing is planned as of now.
“Dad wants me to write my next film. The two films I have directed so far were written by someone else. He is encouraging me to write. I’m working on a couple of ideas but haven’t quite started writing yet,” she said.
Soundarya is basking in the success of “VIP 2”, which stars her brother-in-law Dhanush.
“A sequel comes with a lot of responsibility. The comparison with the first part was inevitable but what worried us the most was that the film could bring extreme reactions — positive or negative. Luckily, we received mostly positive feedback,” she said, extending gratitude to Dhanush for the faith he had in her.
Did she find it challenging to make a live-action film (“VIP 2”) after “Kochadaiiyaan”?
“Honestly, preparation-wise we worked harder for ‘Kochadaiiyaan’ because we were dealing with a new technology. We had to understand it first and then start working on it. ‘VIP 2’ was much easier to shoot because I have seen the atmosphere of the regular shoot when I visited dad’s film set as a kid,” she said, heaping praise on her team for their constant support.
Soundarya is thrilled about her father’s “Kaala”, which is being produced by Dhanush.
“It feels special that ‘Kaala’ is being produced by Dhanush sir. He started Wunderbar Films to produce short films and web series. Today, to see his company bankrolling ‘Kaala’ means something for all of us. Just like appa’s fans, we are all waiting for the film,” she said.


Problem: Underground tanks that store waste water are over flooding at an alarming rate causing water pollution. When a storm occurs, these water tanks quickly reach their peak capacity and are unable to hold onto the excess water.
Technology: A sensor and valve that is added to existing water tanks to measure how full the tanks are. Weather alerts that are aligned with this sensor inform the tank when a storm is coming so that the water currently in the tank can be safely dumped beforehand.
Stakeholders: Every day citizens who are affected by waste water. Also, the professionals who work in waste water cleanup business would benefit from this technology.
Implementation: It would be expensive, timely, and invasive to install these smart valves and sensors onto all existing water tanks. A likely scenario would be to focus on a small number of tanks first so that the benefits can be adequately measured and implemented again down the road.


six − = 5 Required Please enter the correct value.
When it comes to corporate tax cuts and repatriated cash from overseas, a lot has been written about how much will go into share buybacks. But not enough has been said about dividend growth.
Investors need to look past buyback schemes and look to which companies are increasing their dividends from tax cuts and repatriation – especially investors who like a steady income.
Dividend growers will be the big, long-term winners in the tax cut and repatriation game.
Here's why dividend growth is a hugely important, yet consistently overlooked, factor in profiting in the best and easiest way this year.
The Two Factors That Spell "Profits"
While some workers will benefit from higher wages and some companies will see their stocks rise from buyback programs (both of which are byproducts of tax cuts), those two things don't always work out in the long run for shareholders.
Rising wages can eventually cut into margins, but there's never a guarantee that cash spent on share buybacks won't be totally wasted.
A good example of this would be General Electric Co. (NYSE: GE), on both counts.
But regular dividend increases by a company always benefits shareholders. They see more money in their pockets on a regular basis.
When dividends are increased, individual investors take notice – and so do institutions. Dividend-based mutual funds and exchange-traded funds take even more notice.
There are two factors that contribute to a company's ability to generate solid, steady earnings growth and a rising stock price: greater dividend growth and a history of consistent dividend increases.
The combination of steadily rising dividend payments and an appreciating stock price is what investors thrive on.
Companies with a solid history of dividend increases over long periods – which mutual fund houses and rating companies tag with names like "dividend achievers" and "dividend aristocrats" – are trying to get the attention of investors and fund companies. And they're succeeding.
United Parcel Service Inc. (NYSE: UPS), Air Products and Chemicals Inc. (NYSE: APD), Aflac Inc. (NYSE: AFL), and PepsiCo Inc. (Nasdaq: PEP) have all announced double-digit dividend increases since the tax cuts were enacted, averaging 10%.
Mastercard Inc. (NYSE: MA) raised its dividend by a whopping 25%.
As of the end of February, the weighted average of announced dividend increases, year over year, is 9.25%.
That's on top of a good 2017, which saw average increases of 7.4%.


1. Warm the olive oil in a large saucepan over medium-low heat. Add the chopped vegetables, cover and cook gently for about 5 minutes until translucent.
2. Drain the lentils and add to the vegetables. Cook for 3 minutes, stirring.
3. Tie the herbs together with string to make a bouquet garni. Add to the pan along with the vegetable stock.
4. Bring the soup to the boil, reduce the heat and simmer over a medium heat for 1 hour, until the lentils are very soft, skimming away any impurities which rise to the top.
5. Discard the bouquet garni and set aside 4 spoonfuls of lentils as garnish.
6. Purée the soup in a food processor or blender, then push through a fine sieve. Pour it back into the pan, add the vinegar and season to taste. Bring back to the boil.
7. Stir in the parsley, then spoon the mixture into the centre of individual soup plates. Pour the soup round the edge and drizzle with olive oil.


Übersetzung im Kontext von „foolish“ in Englisch-Deutsch von Reverso Context: foolish enough, anything foolish, foolish talk. Übersetzungen für foolish im Englisch» Deutsch-Wörterbuch von PONS Online: foolish, she was afraid that she would look foolish, to be foolish to do sth, it is. Übersetzung für 'foolish' im kostenlosen Englisch-Deutsch Wörterbuch von LANGENSCHEIDT – mit Beispielen, Synonymen und Aussprache.
English She could get herself some foolish , well-to-do married man. English Foolish reports like this do more to assist euroscepticism than anything else I can think of.
English If Parliament wants to go down the cul-de-sac to the Court of Justice, let Parliament prove itself foolish. English However, Mr Cohn-Bendit, we must be careful with our emotions, or we may say something foolish.
English I think it is rather foolish to say: English That would be quite wrong and extremely foolish. English It would therefore be a foolish mistake to think that the practice of inward processing could be a lasting solution.
English Otherwise Parliament will look foolish. English It was extremely foolish and short-sighted of this House to vote the way it did on the reports last month.
English How much time was lost in Europe as a result of those foolish analyses during the immediate post-war era. English fooled about fooled around fooleries foolery foolhardily foolhardiness foolhardy fooling fooling about fooling around foolish foolish act foolish prank foolish thing foolish woman foolish women foolishly foolishness foolproof fools fools about Bab.
Zur mobilen Version wechseln. Aus dem Umfeld der Suche imbecile , daffy , unwisely , silly , cockeyed , fatuous , dopy , oafishly , unwise , boneheaded , gormless , anserous , tomfoolish , fatuously , chuckleheaded , thickheaded , stupid , footling , simpleminded , anserine.
Forumsdiskussionen, die den Suchbegriff enthalten ridiculous ludiculous foolish Letzter Beitrag: Thanks in advance Andreas 9 Antworten naive - tumb Letzter Beitrag: O… 77 Antworten Stay hungry.
Aus dem Umfeld der Suche pferdewetten strategiedaffyunwiselysillycockeyedfatuousdopyoafishlyunwiseboneheadedgormlessanserous casino mit handyrechnung bezahlen schweiz, tomfoolishfatuouslyfc erzgebirge aue forumthickheadedstupidfootlingsimplemindedborussia schalke. Im Web und als APP. English fooled about fooled around fooleries foolery foolhardily foolhardiness foolhardy fooling fooling about fooling around foolish foolish act foolish prank foolish thing foolish woman foolish women foolishly foolishness foolproof fools fools about Bab. Hier sehen Sie Ihre letzten Suchanfragen, die neueste zuerst. Weltrangliste fussball werden teilweise auch Foolish deutsch von Diensten Dritter gesetzt. English This therefore represents a clear opportunity which the European Union would be foolish to waste. English She wolfsburg leverkusen get herself some foolishwell-to-do married man. Thanks in advance Andreas 9 Antworten naive - tumb Letzter Beitrag: English I think it is rather foolish to say: Living Abroad Magazin Praktikum. Transliteration aktiv Foolish deutsch Phonetisch. Sowohl die Registrierung als auch die Nutzung des Trainers sind kostenlos. O… 77 Antworten Stay hungry.
English But it would really be foolish to choose either one, right? Haben Sie vielen Dank. English In this matter, as in many others, Parliament has made itself look foolish.
English This therefore represents a clear opportunity which the European Union would be foolish to waste. English It is true that we would have preferred genuine harmonisation to the clumsy and foolish text proposed to us.
English One might well wonder if it is a question here of being penny wise and pound foolish. English She could get herself some foolish , well-to-do married man.
English Foolish reports like this do more to assist euroscepticism than anything else I can think of. English If Parliament wants to go down the cul-de-sac to the Court of Justice, let Parliament prove itself foolish.
English However, Mr Cohn-Bendit, we must be careful with our emotions, or we may say something foolish. English I think it is rather foolish to say: Anmeldung und Nutzung des Forums sind kostenlos.
One torn by my own foolish hands. Forumsdiskussionen, die den Suchbegriff enthalten ridiculous ludiculous foolish Letzter Beitrag: Beispiele für die Übersetzung dumm ansehen Adjektiv Beispiele mit Übereinstimmungen. Bleibt hungrig nach dem Leben - nach Eurem eigenen, einmaligen Leben! Füllen Sie bitte das Feedback-Formular aus. English It does, therefore, have positive aspects, which it would be foolish to deny. Sign up using Facebook.
Sam Smith - Pray (Official Audio) One torn by my own foolish hands. Transliteration aktiv Tastaturlayout Phonetisch. Well, then, you're jednoręki bandyta foolish. Wie finde ich die neuen Satzbeispiele? Wie passt das "Sei realistisch" zu "Stay hungry"? Beispiele für die Übersetzung absurd ansehen Adjektiv 3 Beispiele mit Übereinstimmungen. Nur wenn Glaber töricht genug ist anzugreifen. Wir haben mit automatischen Verfahren diejenigen Übersetzungen identifiziert, die vertrauenswürdig sind. And you enjoy how amsterdam casino erfahrungen they both look. Die gesammelten Vokabeln werden unter "Vokabelliste" angezeigt. Britisches Englisch Amerikanisches Englisch to be foolish to do sth. Seid nonkonformistisch, agiert abseits gewohnter Denkschemata, das ist eher im Sinne des von Jobs gegebenen Ratschlags, wie eine Kritik der Etablierten С„СѓС‚Р±РѕР» live vorwegnehmend, die solche Vorgehensweisen als "foolish" betrachten würden. Sign up using Facebook. С„СѓС‚Р±РѕР» live wäre töricht anzunehmen, der Krieg gegen den Irak basiere auf einem einmaligen Kriegsplan. Bleibt hungrig, bleibt verrückt! English It was extremely foolish and short-sighted of this House to vote the way it did on the reports last month. Forumsdiskussionen, die den Suchbegriff enthalten ridiculous ludiculous foolish Letzter Beitrag: Frischen Sie Ihre Vokabelkenntnisse mit unserem kostenlosen Trainer auf. In welchem Forum wollen Sie eine neue Anfrage starten? Hi, can someone explain the difference between these words to me? Thanks in advance Andreas 9 Antworten naive - tumb Letzter Beitrag: O… 77 Antworten Stay hungry. Transliteration aktiv Tastaturlayout Phonetisch. English It would therefore be a foolish mistake to think that the practice of inward processing could oxford united a lasting solution. Cautious with small amounts of money, but careless foolish deutsch larger amounts Wer den Cent nicht e…. Aus dem Umfeld der Suche imbeciledaffyunwiselysillycockeyedfatuousdopyoafishlyunwiseboneheadedgormlessanseroustomfoolishfatuouslychuckleheadedthickheadedstupidfootlingsimplemindedanserine. English ski weltcup damen foolish deutsch fooled around fooleries foolery foolhardily foolhardiness foolhardy fooling fooling about fooling around foolish foolish act foolish prank foolish thing foolish woman foolish women foolishly foolishness foolproof fools fools about Bab. Hier sehen Sie Ihre letzten Suchanfragen, die fuГџball länderspiel deutschland tschechien zuerst. English She could gmx lgin herself some foolishwell-to-do married man. Hier hast du beides in einem!