What Scope Should a Review Entity Have?
Here's a similar idea related to a grand jury style Nullification Commission that could be used to decide the fate of outdated and/or unconstitutional laws.
1. Commission. Establish a "Federal Action Review Commission", as a kind of grand jury, to meet frequently with rotating membership drawn from a pool of constitutionally knowledgeable persons, excluding public employees, contractors, or pensioners, active lawyers, or current members, selected at random by a sortition process. Such commission shall be empowered to review the constitutionality of current or proposed federal legislation, regulations, practices, rules, decisions or other actions, and if it finds such actions to be unconstitutional, to issue an edict, with the force of law, requiring that no state or local officials, employees, or contractors cooperate in the enforcement of such usurpation, and urging state citizens to also refuse to cooperate.
2. Structure and procedure. The Commission shall consist of 23 members, who shall serve for staggered terms of 6 months each, except initially. The selection pool shall be filled each year with one nominee from each of the local grand juries throughout the State. The Commission shall elect its foreperson, adopt rules of procedure, and meet for at least one hour once a week, with a quorum of 16, and a vote of 12 required to issue a report. It may only report findings of unconstitutionality. It shall base its findings on a presumption of non-authority, and require strict proof of constitutionality from logical and textual analysis and historical evidence, not court precedent. It shall be open to direct complaints of the unconstitutionality of federal actions from any citizen, subject only to orderly scheduling which it shall prescribe. It shall have the power to subpoena witnesses, and its deliberations shall be secret, except that it may disclose anything in its reports. It may authorize criminal prosecution by issuing an indictment to any person, not necessarily a lawyer, upon a finding that the court cited in the indictment has jurisdiction and that evidence of guilt is sufficient for trial.
3. Penalties. State and local officials, employees, and contractors shall be duly notified in writing of such edicts within ten days and shall have twenty days to comply or be subject to termination after one written warning and a second failure to refuse to cooperate with federal officials and agents. No official, employee, or contractor shall be penalized for compliance with an edict of the Commission.
4. Funding. A state fund shall be established to pay for private legal counsel and provide financial support of state citizens and agents who refuse to cooperate with unconstitutional federal actions, with the intention to obtain judicial decisions that support the unconstitutionality of the federal actions, and hold the resisting citizen harmless.
The way I would address obsolete laws is with a multi-pronged approach that includes requiring members of Congress and State legislatures to cite their Constitutional authority to enact such laws.
Secondly, I would suggest that as part of any civil or criminal proceeding, that a judge or prosecutor be required to sign an affidavit citing the same for the laws by which they are operating on said issue, especially when it is obvious that there is no compelling government interest to hear such cases, referring such matters to private mediation. Any verdict or sentencing should weigh whether or not the state has a compelling interest in such matters.
If there is a jury involved, I would suggest a provision that supports fully informed juries, and make prosecutorial misconduct punishable with a heavy prison sentence for anyone who is wrongly convicted due to such behavior. Same goes for judicial misconduct.
As a matter of better informing the public about the corrupt nature of our courts, I would suggest enabling any citizen to video record ANY public official in any environment, including our courts. I would also suggest that in our highly technological society that we start doing a better job of record keeping so that we can actually measure the performance of our courts, rather than relying on corrupt Bar Associtions and Judges Associations to make those recommendations for us.
More pertinent to our most fragile citizens, we have a substantial problem concerning our nation's Domestic Relations courts, which make up close to half of all civil litigation and are mired in laws that were created more than 30 years ago that place the state in a position that is superior to that of fit parents. Namely, the "Best Interests of the Child" evidentiary standard, income-based child support models that are not economically sound or means-tested, and grossly expanded definitions for what constitutes "domestic violence", which creates an incentive for women in particular to levy knowingly false charges against men and fathers as leverage in a divorce or child custody proceeding.
As provided by the US Supreme Court, the proper evidentiary standard is the Clear and Convincing Evidence Standard when it comes to deprivations of parental authority. If our courts are not going to adhere to these issues, along with their sworn oath to uphold the Constitution, there is little point in respecting these bodies, since there is a selective enforcement of rights.
I'd suggest using PlainSite, sponsored by the Stanford Center for Legal Informatics (CodeX) at Stanford Law School, to annotate as many laws as possible. We've already imported the United States Code, the Code of Federal Regulations, and the codes of several states including California. You can tag statutes or highlight passages and comment on them, and even link them to court cases.
The inspiration for many of the features on PlainSite came in part from the California Money Transmission Act of 2010, sponsored by a lobbying group called The Money Services Round Table, one of whose members (MoneyGram) just settled a criminal fraud case with the Department of Justice for over $100 million. The law is one big protectionist measure to "protect consumers."
No law is more obsolete than the federal controlled substances act (CSA), aka Drug Prohibition, particularly as applied to marijuana. Just as the states lead the rejection of Alcohol Prohibition (ultimately, the repeal of a constitutional amendment enabling this federal intrusion into the private lives of citizens) 80 years ago, Colorado and Washington state (by a 55% vote of its citizens last month) are refusing to enforce federal marijuana prohibition. These states have sent the unambiguous message that marijuana prohibition is obsolete, and counterproductive of the health and safety objectives it was designed to achieve. These states' voters' rejection of marijuana prohibition tracks the consistent national polling since October 2011, revealing that a majority of Americans also support the non-medical legalization of marijuana; about 80% support medical marijuana.
As the Obama Administration contemplates how to respond to these non-medical ("recreational") legalization initiative laws just coming into effect in Colorado and Washington state, it must confront the futility of federal marijuana prohibition enforcement. Despite the futile gestures of federal civil or criminal prosecutions of a few unlucky "examples," state and local law enforcement make more than 99% of all marijuana arrests and without their involvement federal law enforcement cannot enforce prohibition. There are fewer DEA agents (FBI founder Hoover demanded, based on his Alcohol Prohibition experience, that the FBI not participate in the inevitably corrupting job of drug prohibition enforcement) than Houston police officers.
The best federal response to Colorado and Washington, and to the 18 medical marijuana states (with New York, New Hampshire, Illinois and Ohio poised to join them) is "watchful waiting," a forbearance from prosecuting state law-complaint conduct concerning the cultivation and distribution of marijuana medically and non-medically. This policy not only will recognize the futility of federal prohibition enforcement in the face of state prohibition repeal, but also enable Justice Brandeis' visionary role for the states as "laboratories of democracy." Federal forbearance (until by legislation or executive order, marijuana is removed as a drug scheduled under the CSA, leaving its regulation to the states) also would track the will of the people: Recent polling shows popular support, for allowing state marijuana experiments without federal interference, by nearly more than 60%.
Enacting sunset laws is a good idea. Promoting review commissions sounds nice, but is something that has been tried before at varying degrees of success, although most fail to accomplish anything substantive. As a non-lawyer who has spent a great deal of time in our legal system (represented and pro se), who has written legislative proposals, participated in such panels and even testified before committee in support of reform measures in Illinois, I'm appalled at what I've seen done to law-abiding citizens in the name of protecting children, and the miscreants who sit on the bench and in Judiciary committees. Most lawyers and judges who are a part of this conversation see what goes on as standard operating procedure, and that changing the legal system at any level is akin to blasphemy. Getting to any real reforms will require that these interests be effectively dealt with beforehand.
In order to effectively review outdated statutes, we need more than just lawyers and judges involved. We need a much higher standard of review that comports with Constitutional protections, in light of so many of these actors having taken an oath to uphold the Constitution in the first place and then ignore it because they don't understand most of it. I would suggest a national grand jury-style nullification commission that operates in private WITHOUT a majority of judges and lawyers on them, because by and large they will do whatever they can to maintain the status quo. I would involve economists, social scientists, forensic experts, constitutional scholars, or anyone who has the knowledge and expertise to speak to critical issues that can't be white-washed by the Bar Associations. I would also suggest a provision for non-action that automatically sunsets any law or group of laws that they fail to address, forcing them to do the work that they've been assigned to without providing nonsensical conclusions for why something can't be changed.


What is the long profile of a river?
The long profile shows the gradient of a river as it journeys from source to mouth. It spans the source of a river (where it starts) and the mouth (where it reaches the sea).
The long profile of a river is a way of displaying the channel slope (gradient) of a river along its entire length. Therefore, it shows how a river loses height with increasing distance towards the sea. A river tries to achieve a smooth curve to reach its base level at sea; this is called a graded long profile. The diagram below illustrates the long profile of a river. Notice how the gradient falls steeply, to begin with, then becomes concave and then almost flat.
As a river flows downstream from its source the profile changes due to the interaction of the process of erosion, transportation and deposition.
The diagram above shows how the long profile can be split into three courses based on the gradient.
The upper course of a river is found in an area of high relief. The long profile starts at the source of the river. Water trickles from saturated land and merges to form a channel.
The channel then flows downwards following a steep gradient. The steep channel gives the river more potential energy. In the upper course, there may be rapids and waterfalls as the river flows through steep V-shaped valleys.
The upper course of a river with rapids as the river flows through steep V-shaped valleys.
Erosion in the upper course of the river is mainly vertical by hydraulic action.
Transportation mainly involves large boulders being moved by traction.
Large boulders are deposited in the upper course of the river.
The middle course is further downstream and the relief is usually hilly. As more water enters the river from tributaries the channel becomes deeper as discharge increases. The increase in energy leads to less vertical erosion and leads to lateral erosion on meanders.
The gradient of the long profile becomes more concave as the vertical erosion reduces.
By the middle course, there is less vertical erosion and more lateral erosion. Attrition and abrasion are the main types of erosion, with some solution.
Transportation is mainly by suspension. Traction also increases here. The river load becomes smaller and less angular.
Deposition increases in the middle course of the river. Deposition occurs on the inside bend of meanders.
The lower course is closest to the mouth of the river where the land is low-lying. Erosion is confined to lateral erosion at meanders. The gradient is almost flat due to the lack of vertical erosion.
In the lower course of the river, there is little erosion. Where it does occur it is only lateral.
Transportation in the lower course of the river is mostly by solution and suspension. The significant load consists of very small particles.
Deposition is the main fluvial processes in the lower course of the river. Fine material is deposited.
Why do discharge and velocity increase downstream?
The discharge of a river increases along its course as tributaries join it adding more water.
Velocity also increases along the course of a river. Even though the descent in the upper courses is steeper the lower course has the greatest velocity. The reason for this is because velocity is affected by how much water is in contact with the bed and banks. The small channel in the upper course of the river means there is more friction which means the velocity slows.
In the lower course of the river, a lower proportion of water is in contact with the bed and banks so there is less friction meaning velocity is much higher. Again, the added water from the tributaries flowing into the river increases speed due to the additional discharge.


The house sat on the market with some interest from buyers, but not much. The copy in the realtor's listing and on their web site described the house with qualifiers such as: "The wood stove is a focal point of the living room, but the insurance company will not insure the house if a new owner uses the stove to burn wood" (not the exact words, but certainly the essence of them).
Wind Haven - more than a home, a lifestyle.
A ten minute drive South from town takes you to 20 wooded acres of secluded privacy, just one mile off highway. Relax by walks through the woods, horseback riding, roasting marshmallows, playing horseshoes, soaking in the hot tub or just curl up with a good book and enjoy the view of the mixed forest and, maybe some passing deer, through one of the many double glazed windows.
Low maintenance landscaping means you own the property not it owns you. The present owners have never felt the need to have a cottage with the relaxed lifestyle provided by Wind Haven. There's no lake, but there is peace and quiet that you won't find in cottage row and you don't have to leave home to get there.
An interested buyer read the description on the web site, called the realtor for a viewing the day she read it and bought the house subject to her husband's approval and the sale of their existing house. They are very happy there and after a year and a half in the house say "we wouldn't sell it for twice what we paid."
Ad copy that works without distorting the truth results in both sales and satisfied customers.
1. Overt Benefit: Specifically, obviously,directly - What's in it for the customer?
2. Real Reason to Believe: Why should the customer believe you will deliver on the promise you made above?
3. Dramatic Difference: How revolutionary and new to the world is your combined benefit and reason to believe?
The realtor meant well. She wanted to ensure the benefits of the house were presented and she wanted to ensure a prospective buyer knew of any thing that was a potential problem. However, trying to do both at the same time in the same copy presented a confusing message to any would-be buyer.
All the normal disclosures and legal disclaimers were made at the right times. A house inspection was done and any issues from that were resolved, but the key is that there is a time and place for all things. "May contain nuts" has it's place on the cookie package label and a prominent enough place as well, but it is not the benefit the potential cookie buyer is looking for, nor the reason to believe those cookies will live up to the promise nor how dramatically different those cookies are from all other cookies or snacks or other competitors for the buyer's appetite and purse. The time to read "may contain nuts" is after the package is in the potential buyer's hand.


SpaceX has announced an upgrade to their Falcon 9 rocket, achieving greater thrusts with, as far as I can tell, the same rocket motors (at least, they apparently still call the motors "Merlin 1D"). See this question, which had no conclusive answer on engine changes. The change takes the Merlin 1D from 147K lb thrust at sea level to 170K lb, an increase of 15.6%.
The increased thrust is apparently due to switching to using extremely chilled fuel (RP-1 kerosene) and oxygen. Not just liquid, but barely above the temperature at which it would freeze solid. This increases the density of the propellants, presumably allowing more mass of fuel to be contained in the tanks and increasing the flow rate (mass per unit time) through the turbopumps and rocket nozzles.
My question is, why are they only doing this now? 15% more thrust from the same engines, and increased fuel capacity (even though it also increases launch weight), seem like highly desirable changes. What are the risks of this approach that led to it not being used previously?
Is the change in propellant temperature sufficient to significantly increase the risk of failures in components that must handle cryogenic fluids?
Is it significantly harder to build spacecraft-usable tanks that can hold near-frozen O2 (and RP-1), instead of "merely" liquid O2?
Are there other changes that are required to support this upgrade, and was engineering those changes difficult or very costly?
While I'm obviously hoping to get as full a picture as possible, feel free to post partial answers (i.e. one thing you know of that poses a significant challenge) as answers rather than comments.
The Merlin 1D's are claimed to have been able to run at the Falcon 9 1.1 Full Thurst level all along. However to get them into initial use on the Falcon 9 1.1 earlier, they were initially certified for only 85% of the design maximum.
Thus this evolution is just to run them at full settings. If I understand it correctly, the densified propellant and oxidizer is not to achieve the extra thrust but rather to take advantage of it, with minimal tank stretches.
The current first stage is reported to be at the very limits of simple trucking on the US Interstate system. They need to be able to legally and safely drive it from Hawthorne, CA to McGregor, TX, and from either to Cape Caneveral, FL. Based on those roads, they are loathe to stretch the first stage much further to avoid hitting those limits.
So if you increase the thrust, you increase the flow through the engine, which means you use the fuel/oxidizer up faster, and run through the tank quicker, which means you cannot thrust as long. Densifying helps but packing more into the same sized place.
There are probably many issues with cooling the propellant, but at least one is that you have less time on the pad from fueling to launch before the fuel and oxidizer warm up too much to be able to get the needed performance out of the vehicle.
There is significantly expensive hardware needed, pretty near the launch site (Thus needing to be hardened to survive launches) to chill the fuel and oxidizer. (Running insulated pipes is hard, but doable, as NASA discovered with the LH2 lines for Saturn V).
We saw one of the major drawbacks of using the condensed propellant tonight. First, the LOX and RP-1 are not loaded until last minute (-10:00) so that they heat up at a minimum. This led to tonight's scrub, I imagine. (My guess is they were ready to pull the umbilical and the LOX wasn't fully loaded.) Another big drawback we are seeing is that once the LOX/RP-1 are loaded if there is any hold to the launch, they must be unloaded and reloaded before another attempt, which takes too much time for most launch windows. This is why, when there's a halt at -1:40, they scrub the whole launch, which we saw tonight.
The Falcon 9 remains healthy in advance of SpaceX and SES’s mission to deliver the SES-9 satellite to Geostationary Transfer Orbit. Out of an abundance of caution, the team opted to hold launch for today to ensure liquid oxygen temperatures are as cold as possible in an effort to maximize performance of the vehicle. SpaceX is now targeting tomorrow, Thursday Feb. 25, at 6:46pm ET for launch of SES-9.
Probably not a serious concern in many cases, but sometimes scrubs can be a big problem for schedule and cost.
A reason for increasing the fuel density may also be to maximize the acceleration in the early part of the flight. The time a rocket spends at low speed is very wasteful of fuel and worsens the payload to rocket weight ratio. For this reason, heavy rockets have two or more additional boosters which improve the acceleration in the first phase of the flight. Improving the power by using densified fuel helps and is mostly useful at the beginning, while the rocket is most heavy.
You don't want to carry more fuel fuel than what you need because that's just extra weight.
Landing on land however requires extra fuel (the stage has to fly back) and thus they had to make chill the fuel further so they can fit more of it inside the tank.
As for the thrust, I think geoffc is right and they are simply running the engine at higher setting. They probably had to do that to be able to carry the extra fuel weight.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged spacex propulsion falcon-9 fuel merlin-1d or ask your own question.
Why do pump and pressure fed liquid engines need to operate at high pressures?
What upgrades does the Merlin 1D need to increase its time between overhauls to 1000 hours?
What is the burn time for the F9 boostback / reentry / landing burns?
chemical propulsion with separate fuel and propellant?
What difficulties will be faced modifying the Falcon 9 FT, so to have better and easier landings of the 1st stage from a GTO mission?
Is the pressurization of propellant tanks necessary for structural integrity?
Has (theoretically) metastable metallic hydrogen been considered for use as a propellant?
How to find the optimum balance between amount of fuel and number of engines?


What was your casting process like? Casting a family: mother, father, son?
I had worked with Mike Starr previously on a short film. He's a terrific actor and also a super nice guy, so we hit it off on that set and kept in touch. When I first read the script for Deadbeat, I knew I wanted to cast Mike as the father (Mickey). Our executive producer, Eric Grisanti, had a connection to Trace Lysette and had asked her to do the voiceover work for the role of Ryan's wife. I have known Dawn Jamieson (who played Maria) for years. We met probably over a decade ago as part of the Times Square Playwrights group, which workshops plays by New York playwrights. I was an actor in that group and performed in several readings and productions. I knew Dawn would be great in the role of Mickey's wife. The final piece of the puzzle was the lead -- Ryan. We posted the role online and looked at a ton of submissions as well as a lot of reels, headshots, actor websites, etc. We narrowed it down and had just a handful of people come in to audition. We had a good feeling about William Jousset before we actually met him in person, but when he walked in the door, we knew we had found our lead. We brought him back in for a callback, just to have the opportunity to work with him a bit further and be 100% sure, but at that point we basically knew. Not only does he look like he could be Mike Starr's son, but he inhabited the character of Ryan so fully. His acting skills are phenomenal, and he had the gritty persona we needed. And finally, I did a couple of the other voiceover parts myself. In addition to being a director and producer, I've been acting for over 30 years and love doing VO work.
Your film is in one location with a focus on relationships: what was your rehearsal process like if off set/ on set before shots?
I wish we had the luxury of having time for rehearsals before the shoot. Mike Starr was flying in from Los Angeles, while William Jousset is based in NYC, so there wasn't any opportunity for rehearsals beforehand. Plus, I was in the middle of rehearsals for a production of A Midsummer Night's Dream, which was opening in Manhattan a month later, so my schedule was kinda full. We had Mike Starr for only one day. We basically shot that entire hospital scene, all 11 pages of it, in 8 hours. We ran through the scene just once or twice to establish the blocking. I also spoke with the actors briefly about their characters and the dynamic between them, but then I just trusted their instincts and trusted that I had made the right decisions in casting. Once we started filming, I gave small adjustments, but Mike and William are skilled professionals, and honestly they took the words and made them their own. With each shot, we had time for at most one or two rehearsal takes, and then we generally got our shot in two or three takes.
It's a deeply emotional drama: what inspired the film?
While I directed and produced the film, Deadbeat was written by Eric Grisanti and Robert Mosca. To a large degree, the film was inspired by personal events in the lives of the writers. They created the story by cobbling together elements from their own lives and then interweaving these with some fictional elements. I was quite involved in the rewriting and script editing process (we had about 9 revisions before settling on the final shooting script), but the initial concept and the autobiographical elements were all theirs (i.e. Rob and Eric's).


Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee Chairman Ron Johnson Ronald (Ron) Harold JohnsonGOP senators double down on demand for Clinton email probe documents Congress opens door to fraught immigration talks McConnell: 'Past time' for immigration-border security deal MORE (R-Wis.) is pressing administration officials on how they'll impose looming regulations for financial advisers that Republicans say will cut access to low-income Americans.
Johnson is asking Department of Labor Secretary Thomas Perez Thomas Edward PerezClinton’s top five vice presidential picks Government social programs: Triumph of hope over evidence Labor’s 'wasteful spending and mismanagement” at Workers’ Comp MORE to explain how the new regulations won't "adversely affect middle and low-income Americans," according to the Feb. 5 letter obtained first by The Hill on Monday.
Republicans and centrist Democrats, backed by the business community, are fighting back against Obama official's plans to propose new regulations against financial advisers and investment dealers charged with helping Americans with their Individual Retirement Accounts and 401(k)s.
Administration officials want more stringent disclosures requirements — known as the "fiduciary rule" — for the industry about their commissions, arguing that it'll cut back on bad actors selling faulty financial plans while pocketing commissions off unsuspecting Americans.
But critics argue that the regulations, which failed to gain traction in 2010, would change the industry's payment model so radically that financial advisers would no longer have a financial incentive to serve low- and middle-income Americans' accounts, which are less lucrative than big businesses.
As a result, low- and middle-income Americans would lose out on financial advice, they argue.
Johnson asked Perez to explain its role in drafting a senior White House memo co-authored by Council of Economic Advisers Chairman Jason Furman Jason FurmanThe Hill's Morning Report - Dems contemplate big election and court reforms On The Money: Trump presses GM, union to start talks over closed plant | Trump renews call to cut arts, PBS funding | Alan Krueger, former Obama economic adviser, dies at 58 | Americans expected to bet .5B on March Madness Alan Krueger, former chief Obama economic adviser, dies at 58 MORE last month that championed the new regulations. The industry heavily criticized the memo with presenting a one-side argument in favor of new regulations.
Johnson is asking for a response by Feb. 19.
Last week, Sen. Elizabeth Warren Elizabeth Ann WarrenOvernight Defense: Reports detail effect of transgender military ban | Watchdog auditing 8 billion submarine program | Warren questions top general on climate change Booker calls for sweeping voting rights reforms Warren praises Ocasio-Cortez in Time 100 MORE (D-Mass.) alluded to the issue at a Senate Special Committee on Aging hearing, signaling that she would support the administration.
"We need to do more to protect our seniors, but also particularly to make sure that financial advisers don't steer their clients into retirement products that maximize the advisers' profits while they drain away the clients' savings," Warren said at the hearing.


Emerald belongs to the group of Silicates, and it is a variety of Beryl whose chemical formula is Al2Be3 (Si6O18). The minerals that give it its color are Vanadium, Chrome or Iron. Its brightness is glassy, its conchoidal break is its hexagonal crystalline system. It has a hardness of 7.5 to 8 on the Mohs scale, a density of 2.7 to 2.9. Its pleochroism is clear, green-blue to yellow-green, and its luminescence is nil.
According to its origin, the emerald declines all the shades of green, from the intense color of Colombian gems to the generally paler tones of Brazilian stones, through the blue-green, typical of Russian or African emeralds, and fir green.
Some finally pull towards yellow or gray. To speak of emerald green, one can use the little-known adjective of smaragdin!
denatures the stone, the impregnation in fine oils is an authorized treatment, sometimes used to improve the color or hide some of the inclusions. If you choose an emerald from the Muzo mine in Colombia, ask for a certificate: in fact, this mine does not produce more than fifty jewelry emeralds per week. These are very pure and sought after.
In order to keep all its shine, the emerald can be regularly oiled with a special product.
Better not to perform steam or ultrasonic cleaning, however, a simple wash is possible. This gem is brittle, so avoid shocks.
According to the Littré, the name of the emerald comes from Sanskrit açmagarbha, heart of stone, through the Latin smaragdus.
The Egyptians already extracted the emerald five thousand years ago, and their mines were later exploited by Alexander the Great. It is said that Cleopatra was particularly fond of this stone, and that she made a gift of emeralds engraved with her effigy. These ancient Egyptian mines are known as the "Cleopatra Mines" because the Queen has worked to consolidate her kingdom and keep control of her mining operations.
Some legends tell that the Grail was carved in an emerald, or with the shards of an emerald that had once fallen from Lucifer's forehead. This sacred vase, which appeared in the Arthurian legends of Chrétien de Troyes, was supposed to have collected the blood of the five wounds of Christ during the crucifixion. It was probably related to the Celtic symbolism of the Dagda Cauldron; only the purest among the Knights of the Round Table had the privilege of seeing him.
In his "Natural History", Pliny the Elder praises the emerald as having the most beautiful green color ever, so much so that nothing seems greener after we have contemplated this gem. Affirming that the sight of an emerald rests the eye and restores the view, he says that the Emperor Nero, afflicted with myopia, was trying to improve his vision by watching the gladiator fights through a thin emerald blade.
In litho therapy, emerald represents fidelity in the friendly and loving relationships and the happiness they provide. It repels negative waves and bad influences. His contact would promote clairvoyance. It increases wisdom and patience. Worn near the fourth chakra, that of the heart, it would soothe the emotions. It is a catalyst for balance and well-being, helping to find inner peace, and bringing peace and justice.
The emerald is the birthstone of the native people of May. It symbolizes 40 years of marriage. In Western astrology, it is traditionally associated with the signs of Cancer, Fish and Taurus. It is also considered beneficial for Aries. In Chinese astrology, it is the gem associated with the Rat. Kabeer Agate is one of the best Wholesale Metaphysical online shop in India.


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online pro-lafil What’s with the newspeak? Immigration reform=Amnesty Undocumented immigrants=Illegal immigrants If I went to another country illegally they would put me in prison or deport me. Secure our boarders and enforce our current laws. No reform is needed or wanted.
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This winter has posed a particular stinker of a problem for me: how do I keep my feet warm, but still pleasant?
The world is full of real problems, and a cold winter compounds them: homelessness, hunger, and human suffering all move from horrible to crisis when the weather turns frigid. I'm not going to pretend that I am not extremely lucky to have a warm place to live, food to eat, and access to everything I need to be healthy and functional when the cold hits. Yes, I am extremely, extremely fortunate.
I will disclose, though, in a way that women are never, ever supposed to disclose unpleasant things, like chin-hair plucking or using the bathroom in any way, that my feet do not smell like roses, and this bitter winter is making the problem particularly tricky to solve.
When puberty hit, and every kid took their turn discovering that deodorant was their new best friend, a strange thing happened to me: I never needed it. I started using it primarily because I felt like I was supposed to do this "adult thing"—the gym locker room is a great hotbed of peer pressure and self-judgement—and because I got used to the wonderful effects of antiperspirant, especially in schools that a) did not have air conditioning and b) had a ban on wearing shorts, so we were always sweating like maniacs. I've never stopped using deodorant, but I really could—I promise I am not fooling you when I say that my armpits do not stink.
Now, this should just be a given, because as we know, ladies always smell like roses and dreams and soft spring breezes, just naturally. Why else would the leading brand of ladies' deodorant be called. "Secret," as in "it's our little secret that this chemical paste is what really smells powder fresh."
With millions of dollars spent on advertising, the cat is out of the bag on underarm sweat: we can all gracefully admit that body odor exists across gender lines. Personally, I find the fact that I am not one of the vast majority on this front kind of freaky.
Here's my little secret, one that has no commercials featuring ladies gracefully cruising across a finish line, or piloting a plane without a bead of sweat crossing their brow, or looking fabulous at a fancy dinner: some ladies have feet that stink. This lady foot-stink is not the least bit tempered by feminine virtue: it is like something that is being cultured in a bioweapon-development lab, or like a whole NFL locker-room right after the Superbowl. I own a pair of these feet, for I have the genetic gift of podiatric swamp stench.
Where's my special girly foot deodorant, with a lotus flower and the promise of becoming a feminine super-heroine on the package?
Over the years I have learned about how to make this problem less onerous, mostly through trial and error (read: embarrassment and humiliation), but also by talking to other relatives gifted with this trait. Natural fibers for socks only. Rotate shoes often—never wear a pair more than two days in a row. Look for foot deodorizing powders that don't cake or stain. Wear crocs as slippers, as they aren't as toasty (read: sweaty) as fuzzy varieties. Look for words like "wicking" in all foot-related purchases. Think like a man, because the girly stuff is pretty, but it meets none of the critical hygiene requirements.
Because my feet run hot like the engine of a sports car, they are sweaty quickly. You'd think that getting my feet even more wet, with precipitation, for example, would make things better, not worse, as it would wash some of the sweat away. Nope. I've learned I must never, under any circumstance, get my feet wet inside my shoes (yes, my feet are a bit like gremlins,) lest I want my shoes to become tiny steam engines billowing death-spray. Back in the nineties, when I was at my first real job, and wearing the clunky, chunky leather shoes that were as popular as the "Rachel" haircut, I learned what can happen when my prone-to-stink feet get wet in my shoes during an outing with my coworkers. We were running on Connecticut Avenue to get to the car, the appointment, the meeting—I don't remember—but my big leather shoes were submerged in a puddle. On the ride home, with five people crammed in a colleague's cramped Toyota, people started to wonder WHO HAD DIED in the car. Was there a rodent decomposing in the vents? A corpse hidden in the trunk? I was too young and embarrassed to admit it was just my feet, but I could join them in opening windows and breathing as little as possible.
Winter is always tricky for me, as I don't have three pairs of boots to swap around, and boots, in general, are too warm for my feet. Boots with really good treads, so that I don't spend the entire season falling on my keister, can often have polyester nightmare fillings, turning swamp feet into tiny kilns. (Need to fire that mug you've been working on in pottery class? Stick it in my boot!) Winter is also the season of constantly battling wetness in the shoes, either by getting snow inside my boots outside (rare), or getting slush on my socks while taking off my boots once inside, thus activating my least glamorous scent. Everywhere you go in the winter, taking off your shoes is a must, and I have to admit, whenever I show up at someone's house and I must take my boots off before going inside, I gulp and pray that I won't be in for a smelly surprise to share with the crowd.
This winter has presented a new kind of challenge. It has been so cold, with no break, for so long, that for the first time in a very long time, my feet are getting cold. Really cold. Cold enough to take out the fuzzy slippers that I was given as a Christmas present years ago, but never wear because they make my ankles and arches boil within five minutes. I am now in uncharted territory, trying to constantly swap between foot-gear that keeps me from smelling like a monster, and cozier items that keep my toes from falling off.
So, friends, if I show up at your place this February, and you suspect that the stench may be rising (mixed with lavender to dampen the blow), I apologize in advance. I'm fighting it the best I can, I promise. If I make it through the winter without frostbite on my extremities, I promise to wear breezy no-smell sandals without socks for as long as I possibly can.
Hang in there, stinkers. The groundhog says you have to work overtime.
I was reminded during our visit this Christmas that having constantly wet feet is the WORST thing about winter. My boots, which I thought were perfectly good in California, turned out to be totally leaky, and my feet quickly got all shrively and painful and gross. That Midwest winter thing is not for the dainty, I'll tell you what.
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