Oxidative stress is the major pillar of the theory of aging. As a joke, we often say in the classes that we get old because we have the bad habit of spending our whole life breathing oxygen. Basically it is the oxygen that makes us live, but it is also the one that kills us little by little, that is, that makes us grow old…and what is the relationship between oxygen and aging? The answer boils down to two words: oxidative stress.Periodically, there are O2 molecules that transform into reactive oxygen species, most of which are neutralized by our antioxidant defenses. However, there are always some reactive oxygen species that can bypass our defenses and consequently can cause minor damage to some of our biomolecules. Although these damages do not have much biological significance, when evaluated isolated, as we grow older, they accumulate, and these cumulative damages begin to translate to the loss of some functionalities. Examples are loss of skin plasticity, joint stiffness, loss of sensory ability, etc.
Therefore, everything that can accelerate our metabolic rate has the potential to make us age faster because it increases the production of reactive oxygen species. In this context, the effect of emotional stress is particularly evident! For example, people who have jobs and activities of high stress, age at a much higher rate than those who have a much more relaxed life.Finally, I would like to make it clear that oxidative stress is not the only factor responsible for aging, but it is certainly one of the main ones, so if we want to age more slowly, we have to ensure an adequate balance between the pro-oxidants and the anti-oxidants.


" This is also known as onomatopoeia. The point of view of passage one is friendship is needed in today's society to live on.In passage two by William Maxwell the setting takes place in Bloomington where a boy, his father, and stepmother are building a house. This is where the boy met Cletus who immediately became his friend. In the passage the boy mentions that Cletus is almost like an imaginary playmate because whatever he wanted to do Cletus wanted to also. But also it is ironic because when kids make fun of the boy at school for what he said Cletus doesn't do anything to help the boy out. But when it was getting dark they decided to go home for supper and they still remained friends.In cessation, boyhood friendships can last a while but some don't and in both of the passages at the end the boys were still friends. In many ways society can change that and in the passages there was no corruption to break up the boys friendships.


And watch parts 1-3 (Fudda, Finna, & Fitta) right here.
And part 0 (Funna) right here.
Mr. Youth comes to terms with his role as a teacher in the epic finale to the Fudda series.
Started about 6 years ago as part of my completely unintentional series that originated from a one-off spin-off of another series I failed to ever continue, "Slap" concludes Mr. Youth's epic teaching struggle arc. It's actually amazing how little this piece has changed since I originally envisioned it back in High School. The art style has definitely changed a bit, but the writing has pretty much remained untouched (besides the "Previously on..." joke that was tagged on about 3 years ago, and the very final scene which I added recently to tie the story up neatly.
There's nothing that crazy here in terms of the animation, but I definitely pushed some of my own skills into a new department with a few parts. There are definitely more considered rack focuses and camera moves than I usually do, which I think is a good thing.
On a related note, this piece was actually originally titled Funna. The script was the same thing, with the only mention of Funna being by Mr. Meyer in the beginning, but after writing it, I was inspired to write a script about Mr. Meyer actually dealing with this Funna-kid. So I wrote it. And then I changed the name, because THAT animation HAD to be called Funna. So this one was stuck with the only other title that it could be given, which was Slap. Which I find oddly appropriate, as this one brings many of the stories and characters back together for a final head-to-head, and it all culminates in a moment of action after all the inaction presented in the rest of this series. Also, Mr. Youth is finally slapped upside the head with an epiphany about his role as a teacher, so that happens.
I am super glad to finally be done with this piece. It has been driving me crazy for years that this thing was never concluded, but I'll finally be able to sleep at night. BUT, the one sad bit is that I think this might be it for these characters. I definitely have other scripts that contain them (Mr. Meyer and Mr. Youth in particular), but I don't see myself focusing on any of those anytime soon. If ever...?
What's next? It's too early to talk about, but I am planning on turning my attention to material that has been written a bit more recently than 6 years ago. Maybe only 3 years ago this time! But if you've been following my work for a long time, it will definitely be in one of the worlds that I've already established (No, all my work does not fall into the same world. Though yes, many of my pieces are part of the same worlds). And I'm hoping to find a way to release work a little more often than I've been managing for the last few years, but who knows. I think I've made that promise to myself every year for the last 8 years.


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"Prietenii noștri vor să ia micul dejun."
Translation:Our friends want to have breakfast.
I don't understand why it's "ia" here? Is that 3rd person plural subjunctive?
Yes, it's the 3rd person plural subjunctive of the verb "a lua" ("to take").
Thanks. I used this site to see the conjugations of verbs in Romanian but subjunctive is not listed there: http://conjugare.ro/romana/conjugarea-verbului-lua . It seemed like the subjunctive was the same as the conjunctive but I guess there are some differences? I read that in many languages these are the same.
The subjunctive mood is called "conjunctiv" in Romanian. What you're looking for is under the section "conjunctiv prezent" on that site.
Yes but on this site it says 3rd person plural subjunctive:" ei/ele (să) ieie ". That is what caused my confusion.
Both "să ieie" and "să ia" are dictionary-accepted forms, so they should be accepted here as well. From my personal experience, "să ia" is by far the most common, which is maybe why the course makers omitted the alternative.
I'm looking at the web page you linked above. Under "Conjunctiv Prezent", it just says "ei/ele (să) ia". But yeah, "ieie" is also correct.
Isn't it singular as well? Could it mean "want her/him to have breakfast?"
Nope. "Prietenii noștri vor..." means "Our friends want", so it's a plural possessive rather than a singular one.
That's not what I said; Lurch said (correctly) that ia was ”the 3rd person plural subjunctive”, and my question was whether it (”ia”) could also be singular. So could the sentence mean "Our friends want her/him to have breakfast?"
Prietenii noștri vor să ia micul dejun. = Our friends want to have breakfast.
Prietenii noștri vor ca el să ia micul dejun. = Our friends want him to have breakfast.
Maybe with some context, you could use the original/first sentence to mean they want HIM to have breakfast, but it still would be an odd thing to say, even if grammatically valid. I agree with Duo for not accepting such thing.


French Cable Co. sends last message - "Happy Thanksgiving"
Cable Station Museum, Rte 28 at Cove Road, Orleans.
On this day in 1959, the French Cable Station linking Cape Cod and Europe sent out its last message - "Have a happy Thanksgiving. Station closed."
The 3,069-mile long cable was laid in 1879 from Brest, France to St. Pierre, Newfoundland and originally to a station in North Eastham near Nauset Beach Light before being moved to Orleans in 1891.
Several years later, in 1898, the station conveyed the first news to the world of the sinking of the steamer Portland with no survivors in a major late autumn storm. The postcard at right shows the station as it appeared in 1905. The station also transmitted news to the nation in May 1927 that Charles Lindbergh had landed in Paris and become the first pilot to fly solo across the Atlantic.
In May 1940, cable workers in Orleans learned that Brest had fallen to the Nazis after a brief message arrived - "Les Boches sont ici" - "The Germans are here."
Connected Cape Cod with the world after "A wind to shake the world"
When the "Labor Day Storm" in September 1938 See the short video by clicking here or the image on right, cut off all communication from the outside world, Mary Smith, a young Orleans native who was a reporter for the Providence Journal, remembered the cable station and had her editors cable Brest France with a request to cable the Orleans station for news of The Cape.
The article below was published in the Boston Globe on 23 October 1892 and gives an insight into life at the then recently opened Orleans French Cable Station.
In mere points of view - of nagging and winging it and never letting go of it even after he has said the same thing about it many times - the Cape Codder has this faculty more surprisingly developed than any other living being that uses language. So it will be seen that a winter's isolation on the Cape to a man of a social turn who was not of the habit of thought of the neighborhood would have its drawbacks.
There are good schools, and the air is a sweet and pure as though the narrow neck of land, which shoots like a long, bent arm straight from Massachusetts' shoulder far out into the Atlantic, were an island far at sea.
As compared with the life of a telegraph operator in the cities, that of an operator at a cable station as pleasant as Orleans is better in every way. The cable operators are paid - that is the good ones - at the rate of about $100 a month.
In addition to this, they have a month's vacation at full pay every year. Many of them prefer to let the vacations accumulate for three years, so that at the end of that time they have a solid three months to themselves.
The Anglo-American Company has three cables from Great Britain and one from France, the Direct Company has one, the French Company one, the American Company two, and the Commercial Company two - that is 10 in all. By the duplex system two messages - one each way - can be sent on the same cable at the same time.
Supposing operators at both ends are sending messages at the rate of 25 words per minute, that is to say, 50 words a minute both ways, each cable would have an hourly capacity of 3000 words, or 30,000 words per hour for the entire 10 - 72,000 for the entire 24 [hours] of each.
See a short video of the storm here.


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BEMIDJI, Minn. -- He created comic books with ghastly drawings of people shooting each other and wrote stories about zombies. He dressed in black, wore eyeliner and apparently admired Hitler and called himself the "Angel of Death" in German.
His father committed suicide about four years ago, and his mother is in a nursing home after an auto accident, according to news reports.
On Monday, 17-year-old Jeff Weise went on a rampage, shooting to death his grandfather and his grandfather's companion, then donned the man's police-issue gunbelt and bulletproof vest and invaded his school on the Red Lake Indian Reservation. Armed with two pistols and a shotgun, he killed nine people and wounded seven before shooting himself to death in the nation's bloodiest school shooting since Columbine High in Colorado six years ago.
Investigators are not sure exactly what set Weise off, but fellow students at Red Lake High said they saw what looked, in retrospect, like warning signs.
About a month ago, his sketch of a guitar-strumming skeleton accompanied by a caption that read "March to the death song 'til your boots fill with blood" was displayed in his English class, said classmate Parston Graves Jr.
Graves, 16, said he was thinking about that picture Tuesday. "I thought that was him letting everyone know" that he was going to do something, Graves said.
Graves said Weise had also shown him comic books he had drawn, filled with well-crafted images of people shooting each other. "It was mental stuff," he said. "It was sick."
Weise, who routinely wore a black trench coat, eyeliner and combat boots, has been described by several classmates as a quiet teenager. Some of them knew about his troubled childhood — relatives told the St. Paul Pioneer Press his father had committed suicide and his mother suffered head injuries in an auto accident.
Audrey Thayer, a friend of the family who works for the Minnesota chapter of the American Civil Liberties Union office in Bemidji, about 30 miles from the town where the shooting occurred, said Weise's story was one of "devastation and loss."
Thayer said Weise had been living with his 58-year-old grandfather, Daryl Lussier, and Lussier's 32-year-old companion, Michelle Sigana. Thayer said Weise had been teased at school, but she didn't think that set him off. "In high school, you always have jabs at each other," she said.
Authorities said that during the rampage inside the school, Weise appeared to choose his victims at random. Some witnesses said he smiled and waved as he fired.
Michael Tabman, the FBI's agent in charge of the Minneapolis office, said Tuesday that authorities had not established a motive for the shootings. Investigators said they did not know if there had been some kind of confrontation between Weise and his grandfather.
If Weise was quiet in school, he became an extrovert in cyberspace. It appeared he may have posted messages on a neo-Nazi Web site expressing admiration for Hitler and calling himself Todesengel, German for "Angel of Death."
Several notes signed by a Jeff Weise, identifying himself as "a Native American from the Red Lake 'Indian' Reservation," were posted beginning last year on a Web site operated by the Libertarian National Socialist Green Party.
Weise's Hotmail address links him to frequent postings on one Internet forum called "Rise of the Dead," a site where contributors collaborate on stories about "average people attempting to survive in a zombie-infested world," according to the site.


Which video game movie are you more excited about: 'Detective Pikachu' or 'Sonic the Hedgehog'?
Two popular video game franchises are coming to the silver screen in 2019: "Pokemon Detective Pikachu" and "Sonic the Hedgehog." Fans are stoked about the upcoming "Pokemon Detective Pikachu" movie, and the motion-captured title character is expected to be another great role for Ryan Reynolds. "Sonic the Hedgehog" recently dropped a movie poster. While the poster received mixed reactions, fans are still excited to see the beloved Sega mascot on the big screen. Which movie are you anticipating the most in 2019?
Below is the synopsis of "Pokemon Detective Pikachu," Per IMDb.
The trailer dropped this past fall, and moviegoers can't wait to see the film. While not everyone is satisfied with what they've seen so far, others have jumped on the bandwagon. Ryan Reynolds stars as the titular character in a motion-captured role. Some say the role is definitely giving them Deadpool vibes!
Watch the trailer to the upcoming blockbuster below.
Below is the synopsis of "Sonic the Hedgehog," per IMDb.
The film will be released in November 2019. While some fans don't like the movie poster, others do and are ready for a trailer. Fans are even making their own versions of the movie poster.


The STM Half Shell Case is a translucent, lightweight shell that helps protect your iPad Air or iPad Pro from bumps and scratches.
This case is made from crystal clear TPU, and it's top-quality. It's very firm yet flexible making it easy to grip and provides good protection to the sides, co This case is made from crystal clear TPU, and it's top-quality. It's very firm yet flexible making it easy to grip and provides good protection to the sides, corners, and back of your iPad 10.5 Pro. You get access to all buttons and that's awesome. The fit on an iPad 10.5 Pro is perfect-- this thing snaps into place on the beveled edge of the iPad and the alignment for all openings is exact. That includes adding the Apple Smart Cover, which it nestles in around the full perimeter and allows easy finger access to open by the iPad's power switch. And yes, it will still fit into the Apple leather sleeve case. I would easily give it 10 stars for design and manufacturing because it's excellent in every way!
Amazing clear and light case!
First of all, I got this case really quickly, only a day after I purchased it! Second, it fits my iPad Pro 10.5 perfectly and looks fantastic with my Apple Prod First of all, I got this case really quickly, only a day after I purchased it! Second, it fits my iPad Pro 10.5 perfectly and looks fantastic with my Apple Product Red Smart Cover! And third, it's completely clear, so I can't wait to see what it looks like with my Skin on my iPad once I get it!!
Is this review useful?Amazing clear and light case!
After searching high and low and trying different products i have found using this with the Apple Smart Cover is the best solution for all around protection and After searching high and low and trying different products i have found using this with the Apple Smart Cover is the best solution for all around protection and ease of use. This combination is as good if not better than the discontinued apple case for the 9.7 iPad. Simply because you can quickly remove the Smart Cover to use the iPad with just the back protection or add the Smart Keyboard to the iPad. This product ffits perfectly and is made from TPU which is crystal clear and offers decent drop protection. STM have done a brilliant job with this case, even the packaging is first class, on par with Apple if you’re into that sort of thing. Definitely worth $50 do yourself a favour and grab one, you will not be disappointed.
Scratched up from minimal use.
Mine is covered in scratches and I've had it for about a two weeks.
Is this review useful?Scratched up from minimal use.
It is thicker than other casing but it looks well made. Snaps on and fits well. Good packaging too.
I just researched the cover on it’s website and they say it does not go over the screen. You will ne I just researched the cover on it’s website and they say it does not go over the screen. You will need a smart cover to protect the front glass. I have a clear glass cover over my screen made to protect the original glass on my device. Then I have the Smart Keyboard which doubles as a protective case over my screen. I would suggest you put one on your screen even if you get another cover. Make sure it is for high impact too. On my last iPad I had the same extra glass shield on it and a leather bound double sided case. That device looks like new to this day. I, myself, am looking for a durable case for the back of my iPad Pro that is compatible with the keyboard. I am in the mist of a decision between this case and the Tech 21. They are both only for back and side protection. It seems the Tech 21 is more durable for high impact., although the reviews are not favorable . Outer box has both the front and back protection and is more bulky which in my opinion negates the purpose of having the slimmer lightweight IPad Pro. I hope this advise is helpful with your decision. Good luck.


The Rascals at the height of their fame in the late 1960s: Gene Cornish (left), Dino Danelli, Felix Cavaliere and Eddie Brigati.
How did Little Steven find the time?
He tours the world playing guitar with Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band. He maintains a thriving acting career launched by a long-running part in "The Sopranos." He hosts a syndicated weekly radio show and runs his own record label, among other enterprises.
Still, pop multitasker "Miami Steve" (Little Steven) Van Zandt somehow also managed to resurrect one of the all-time great American rock bands, the Rascals, and write, direct and produce a theatrical event that is part reunion concert, part multimedia documentary and part drama with live actors. "Once Upon a Dream" plays Friday and Saturday at the Warfield theater.
"I put it together after they had turned me down and everybody else for 40 years," Van Zandt says.
"He's an ardent fan for life of the Rascals," says Rascals drummer Dino Danelli. "He's been trying to get us back together for 30 years. Apparently everybody felt the time was right and Steve was the right person."
"He wrestles New Jersey alligators," says Rascals vocalist Eddie Brigati. "And they don't go away for the winter."
After three No. 1 hits ("Good Lovin'," "Groovin'," "People Got to Be Free") and seven albums, the New Jersey rock band, one of the leaders in the '60s renaissance of American rock, broke up in 1970. With the exception of one, brief "oldies show" reunion tour in the '80s, the greatly beloved band has not performed together since and, in fact, competing factions have led different splinter versions of the original group in the recent past.
"Steven told us, 'Your work never went dark, it never went to a negative place,' " says Brigati, 67. "We went dark, but the work didn't."
According to Van Zandt, "Once Upon a Dream" is as much a celebration of the spirit of the era as the Rascals' music. "There is a significant emotional reaction to the show that transcends the Rascals," he says. "It reminds people of a time when there was hope, optimism, when people looked forward to getting up in the morning."
Van Zandt, 62, brought in Pink Floyd lighting designer Marc Brickman and they developed a set that hides the band members in silhouettes behind 50-by-30-foot video walls. The Rascals tell their story via video interviews projected on the screens, interspersed with live musical performances. Some actors create dramatic interludes.
"Once Upon a Dream," which grew out of a 2010 one-night reunion orchestrated by Van Zandt at a New York City music industry cancer fundraiser, ran for six performances in December at the reopened Capitol Theatre in Port Chester, NY, and went to Broadway for 16 shows in April.
"It's not a real Broadway show," says Van Zandt, "but a hybrid of a concert. The tricky part was to do something that would keep the integrity of a concert but was more than that."
Drummer Danelli, 69, says that sitting onstage in the shadows of the giant screens, they can actually see the faces in the audience, a rarity for musicians used to performing in spotlights.
"They're laughing," he says. "They're crying. It's really, really affecting to people who have liked our music over the years."
The Rascals brought the group's sweet voice to soulful street songs that lit up the radio dial, one of the rare white rock groups of the day to be regularly featured on black radio stations. The band's ecstatic "People Got to Be Free" trained a healing beam on the nation's airwaves that summer after the Martin Luther King Jr. and Robert Kennedy assassinations.
"We sang songs from my mother's heart," says Brigati, "and her soft touch. That's what the world needs - the mother's touch, the nurturing. This is a strong country, and there is sometimes too much jingoism. The need to think twice about those things is inherent in our songs. A lot of things were happening at the time to make America not America."
The group suffered from low self-esteem for years, forgotten, filed away among oldies acts, bickering among themselves. It took Van Zandt's tireless pursuit to make the musicians reassess their contribution. "He's seen more in us than probably we did ourselves," Brigati says.
In the end, it was Van Zandt who made it happen, and his vision created "Once Upon a Dream." "He had to come," Brigati says. "There wasn't another option; there was just him. A reunion didn't feel like enough."
Van Zandt treats rock 'n' roll like a religion. A man of passionate enthusiasms, he has sponsored the development of a rock history curriculum for high schools. He hosts the weekly radio show "Little Steven's Underground Garage," which airs in more than 200 markets, and also runs a SiriusXM satellite radio channel. When he married, Little Richard officiated and he walked down the aisle as Percy Sledge sang "When a Man Loves a Woman."
Freshly restored by this production, the Rascals have found redemption, not only in the overwhelming response to the show but also the durability of the songs. The music never lost its relevance. Peace and love are back in style. You and me, endlessly.
"Fifty years later, it's still a powerful, potent thing," Danelli says. "That's a surprise gift to us ... and from us."
Once Upon a Dream: Starring the Rascals (Felix Cavaliere, Eddie Brigati, Gene Cornish, Dino Danelli). Produced and directed by Steven Van Zandt and Marc Brickman. 8 p.m. Friday and Saturday. $65-$129.50. The Warfield, S.F. www.thewarfieldtheatre.com.


Can someone recommend noise cancelling headphones for the server room? Should be compatible with Android USB-C.
I used aviation-grade noise cancelling headphones long time ago. Forgot the model. And that was a landline in my cage.
Hum... Why bother with any electronics.
Just get a set of high dB (decibels) cut headphones for firing weapons.
Your local sporting goods store will have a large selection.
I agree with David. When I go to my colo, right by the door are a pair of electronics-free headphones and they work very well. When I work there for hours at a time, I find that I don't need noise cancelling. The ear protection they provide is sufficient. I would expect a basic company server room is a LOT quieter than a colo facility which can have hundreds of servers, AC units and backup units all running together in one big room.
I recommend Plantronics. It is one of the best noise canceling headphones on the market today.
I agree in the Colo there are more things are going on. However, in the server room 10x10 if you put ten switches, two firewalls, and two UPS, and you're in the middle of it.. The effect could be similar if not worse.
Chris, do you have a model number you would recommend for Plantronics?
Found something like this. Not overly expensive and seems good noise cancellation.


CONTEXT: Breastfeeding among women infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is associated with substantial risk of HIV-1 transmission, but little is known about the morbidity risks associated with formula feeding in infants of HIV-1-infected women in resource-poor settings. OBJECTIVE: To compare morbidity, nutritional status, mortality adjusted for HIV-1 status, and cause of death among formula-fed and breastfed infants of HIV-1-infected women. DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial conducted between 1992 and 1998. SETTING: Four antenatal clinics in Nairobi, Kenya. PARTICIPANTS: Of 401 live-born, singleton, or first-born twin infants of randomized HIV-1-seropositive mothers, 371 were included in the analysis of morbidity and mortality. INTERVENTIONS: Mothers were randomly assigned either to use formula (n = 186) or to breastfeed (n = 185) their infants. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mortality rates, adjusted for HIV-1 infection status; morbidity; and nutritional status during the first 2 years of life. RESULTS: Two-year estimated mortality rates among infants were similar in the formula-feeding and breastfeeding arms (20.0% vs 24.4%; hazard ratio [HR], 0.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5-1.3), even after adjusting for HIV-1 infection status (HR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.7-1.7). Infection with HIV-1 was associated with a 9.0-fold increased mortality risk (95% CI, 5.3-15.3). The incidence of diarrhea during the 2 years of follow-up was similar in formula and breastfeeding arms (155 vs 149 per 100 person-years, respectively). The incidence of pneumonia was identical in the 2 groups (62 per 100 person-years), and there were no significant differences in incidence of other recorded illnesses. Infants in the breastfeeding arm tended to have better nutritional status, significantly so during the first 6 months of life. CONCLUSIONS: In this randomized clinical trial, infants assigned to be formula fed or breastfed had similar mortality rates and incidence of diarrhea and pneumonia during the first 2 years of life. However, HIV-1-free survival at 2 years was significantly higher in the formula arm. With appropriate education and access to clean water, formula feeding can be a safe alternative to breastfeeding for infants of HIV-1-infected mothers in a resource-poor setting.


Should convicted directors be stripped of their honours?
There was a development in the long-running Lombard Finance collapse saga today that has the potential to send shock waves throughout the establishment, in New Zealand and throughout the Commonwealth. Reports are emerging that Sir Douglas Graham, esteemed politician, Treaty of Waitangi negotiator, company director and knight of the realm may be stripped of his knighthood following a conviction associated with the collapse of Lombard. This is huge.
Should honours recipients that are subsequently convicted through a judicial process have their honour stripped? On one hand, I applaud the New Zealand Government for considering measures to protect the status and sanctity of the New Zealand honours system. On the other, the knighthood related to Sir Douglas' services to New Zealand, rendered over many years, as I understand it, prior to the Lombard debacle.
UPDATE 31/May: Yesterday, when I first posted, I fence-sat on this issue. Today, having read several commentaries and thought more deeply, my view has firmed in favour of stripping the honour. One is stripped of rank as a consequence of guilt in a military system, both as a punishment and to defend the honour of the rank. The civilian system is constructed on the same principle. Guilt and consequences should go together—always—lest justice no longer be consistent, fair and blind. What do you think?
I would have to agree. It seems contradictory to convict someone for a crime in society yet let them keep an honour bestowed for services to the same society. What message is that in a democratic society?


What is the most important information I should know about a fentanyl transdermal device?
You should not use a fentanyl transdermal device if you have: a severe breathing problem, or a blockage in your stomach or intestines.
The fentanyl transdermal device is used only while you are in a hospital. Do not leave the hospital with this device on your skin.
Fentanyl can slow or stop your breathing. Use this device only as directed. Never allow a family member or visitor to touch or handle the transdermal device. It should be handled only by a healthcare professional.
MISUSE OF A FENTANYL TRANSDERMAL DEVICE CAN CAUSE ADDICTION, OVERDOSE, OR DEATH, especially in a person using the medicine without a prescription. Fentanyl may also be habit-forming. Never share a transdermal device with another person, especially someone with a history of drug abuse or addiction.
Fentanyl may cause life-threatening withdrawal symptoms in a newborn if the mother uses this medicine during pregnancy.
The fentanyl transdermal device is a patient-controlled medicine system used only in a hospital to treat acute pain after surgery. The transdermal device sticks to the skin of your arm or chest.
What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before using a fentanyl transdermal device?
Some medicines can interact with fentanyl and cause a serious condition called serotonin syndrome. Be sure your doctor knows if you also take medicine for depression, mental illness, Parkinson's disease, migraine headaches, serious infections, or prevention of nausea and vomiting. Ask your doctor before making any changes in how or when you take your medications.
It is not known whether this medicine will harm an unborn baby. If you use fentanyl while you are pregnant, your baby could become dependent on the drug. This can cause life-threatening withdrawal symptoms in the baby after it is born. Babies born dependent on habit-forming medicine may need medical treatment for several weeks. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant.
Fentanyl can pass into breast milk and may harm a nursing baby. Tell your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.
How is a fentanyl transdermal device used?
Fentanyl can slow or stop your breathing. Use this device only as directed.
The fentanyl transdermal device is used only while you are in a hospital. A healthcare provider will place the device on your chest or upper arm where you can reach it. A healthcare provider should also remove or replace the device when needed. Do not leave the hospital with a device on your skin.
Fentanyl may be habit-forming, even at regular doses. Never share a transdermal device with another person, especially someone with a history of drug abuse or addiction. MISUSE OF NARCOTIC MEDICINE CAN CAUSE ADDICTION, OVERDOSE, OR DEATH, especially in a person using the medicine without a prescription. Selling or giving away fentanyl is against the law.
To release the medicine from the device, press the dosing button twice. A beep will sound when the dose starts, and a green light will blink for 10 minutes while the dose is delivered. The device can only be activated once every 10 minutes. Tell your doctor if this medicine seems to stop working as well in relieving your pain.
While you are wearing this device, only you should press the dosing button to control your pain. Do not allow others to press the dosing button for you, or you could receive a fatal overdose.
Never allow a family member or visitor to touch or handle the transdermal device. It should be handled only by a healthcare professional. Do not remove or reposition the device yourself. The sticky side of the device contains a high concentration of fentanyl, which could cause a fatal overdose if the medicine gets on your skin. Tell your care provider if the device comes loose or falls off.
The device is worn for 24 hours or until it has delivered 80 doses of fentanyl.
The fentanyl transdermal device may burn your skin if you wear the device during an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). Certain other medical tests can cause damage to the transdermal device. Remove the device before undergoing an MRI, CT scan, x-ray, or similar test.
Since a fentanyl transdermal device is applied by a healthcare professional in a hospital setting, it is not likely that you will miss a dose.
Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222. A fentanyl overdose can be fatal. Overdose symptoms may include slow breathing and heart rate, severe drowsiness, muscle weakness, cold and clammy skin, pinpoint pupils, and fainting.
What should I avoid while using a fentanyl transdermal device?
This medication is for use only on the skin. Avoid touching the gel inside a device with your fingers. Only a healthcare provider wearing gloves should handle a fentanyl transdermal device.
This medication may impair your thinking or reactions. Do not drive or operate machinery until you know how fentanyl has affected you. Dizziness or severe drowsiness can cause falls or other accidents.
What are the possible side effects of fentanyl transdermal?
symptoms of serotonin syndrome --agitation, hallucinations, fever, sweating, shivering, fast heart rate, muscle stiffness, twitching, loss of coordination, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.
Breathing problems may be more likely in older adults.
itching or redness where the device was worn.
This list is not complete. Other drugs may interact with fentanyl transdermal, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Not all possible interactions are listed in this medication guide.
Your pharmacist can provide more information about fentanyl transdermal.
Copyright 1996-2018 Cerner Multum, Inc. Version: 2.04. Revision date: 9/30/2016.


The government is to pump billions of pounds of taxpayers money into three UK banks in one of the UK's biggest nationalisations.
Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS), Lloyds TSB and HBOS will have a total of £37bn injected into them.
In return for the investment, the government will get a say in how the banks are run, including controls over the bonuses paid to management.
BBC business editor Robert Peston said the banks faced "absolute humiliation".
It would "count as perhaps the most extraordinary day in British banking history", he added.
Some financial experts have been highly critical of the government's strategy.
Professor Tim Congdon, a former Treasury adviser, told the BBC that the plan ignored shareholders' interests, and said it would ruin the City of London's position in world banking.
"The way the government is going about it, they are effectively stealing from the shareholders. The long-run result will be to destroy the competitiveness of Britain's most important industries," he said.
Under the plan RBS is to raise £20bn with a further £17bn to be put into HBOS and Lloyds TSB. Barclays intends to raise £6.5bn without government help.
Taxpayers will own about 60% of RBS and 40% of the merged Lloyds TSB and HBOS and executives at the three firms will see cash bonuses limited or forbidden.
Chancellor Alistair Darling told MPs that the rescue package contained: "essential steps in helping the people and businesses of this country and supporting the economy as a whole".
Prime Minister Gordon Brown said the bail-out was: "unprecedented but essential for all of us", and would thaw frozen money markets.
"In extraordinary times, with financial markets ceasing to work, the government cannot just leave people on their own to be buffeted about," he added.
Mr Brown insisted the investments were assets and, "not just money being pumped in", adding the government intended to sell the investments at some point.
The measures needed to be accompanied by international banking system reforms, he added.
"We must now put in place new structures and new rules for the future. This cannot simply be a short-term rescue to paper over the cracks. Only a surgical approach that gets to the root of the problem will now work to ensure the problems do not return."
The Treasury cash forms part of the government rescue plan announced last week.
RBS said chief executive Fred Goodwin was quitting with immediate effect - without a severance pay-off. He will be replaced by British Land boss Stephen Hester. RBS chairman Tom McKillop is to retire.
Lloyds and HBOS said they had renegotiated their merger, reducing the number of Lloyds TSB shares that HBOS shareholders will receive.
HBOS chief executive Andy Hornby and chairman Lord Dennis Stevenson said they would stand down from their posts after the merger with Lloyds TSB was complete. Neither will take any extra payments when they leave.
RBS and Lloyds TSB/HBOS will return mortgage and small-business lending to 2007 levels, which is much more than they are currently lending.
Major central banks saying they would offer financial institutions an unlimited amount of short-term dollar loans to help stem the crisis.
London's FTSE 100 index surging 8.2% as investors reacted to the news, though banking shares were mixed.
As a condition of the deal, the government has insisted that senior directors should get no cash bonuses this year, with future bonuses to be paid in the form of shares - a move aimed at encouraging management to take a more long-term approach.
The government will buy £5bn of preference shares in RBS and another £15bn of ordinary shares if, as many expect, the bank is unable to find willing private investors.
"It's immensely regretful we're coming to shareholders to raise funds again, it's something we feel bad about," said RBS chairman Sir Tom McKillop. "We cannot help but feel contrition."
HBOS will raise £11.5bn from taxpayers, made up of £8.5bn in ordinary shares and £3bn in preference shares, while Lloyds TSB is to get £5.5bn.
The money is conditional on the merger of the banks going through.
Lloyds TSB and HBOS said the deal was still on, but that the terms had been renegotiated.
A £12.2bn deal was agreed last month, but the value of HBOS shares has since plunged and the extent of the recapitalisation has highlighted its weakness.
Under the revised deal, HBOS shareholders will get 0.605 Lloyds TSB shares for every HBOS share they hold. Under the original deal they would have received 0.83 Lloyds TSB shares.
Barclays has said it is to raise £6.5bn of new capital. The bank is to raise the money from private investors, rather than going to the government.
Barclays also said it would scrap its final dividend payout for 2008, saving it £2bn.
Our business editor said it was not wrong to describe the part-ownership of RBS, Lloyds TSB and HBOS as nationalisation, but the situation was very different from Northern Rock and Bradford and Bingley, which had seen private investors lose their holding.
"Shareholders will continue to own a big chunk of the banks," he said.


I can see how (x)(Ax ⊃ Bx) makes sense, By looking the table if we had A = 1, B = 0 then this statement wouldn't hold.
My question is how do we know that (∃x)(Ax . Bx) means "Some A is B"? What if I had (∃x)(Ax ⊃ Bx) instead? Can it be explained how does it all make sense using a truth table if possible?
The main difference between (∃x)(Ax . Bx) and (∃x)(Ax ⊃ Bx) is the committment they make to the existence of As and Bs. In fact, this is read directly off the truth table you gave.
You can interpret (∃x)(Ax . Bx) as saying that there is something that is both A and B. So you know that there is at least one A and at least one B. There is only a single 1 in the truth table, which is the case where A(x) gets the value 1 and B(x) gets the value 1. The object you're committed to has both properties.
(∃x)(Ax ⊃ Bx) on the other hand says that there is at least one thing such that if it is A, then it is B. All of the 1s in the truth table describe consistent cases. You don't necessarily know that there is something that is A; perhaps for every object, A(x) gets the value 0, so (Ax ⊃ Bx) works out true. In fact, you only need there to be one thing such that A(x) gets the value zero to make (∃x)(Ax ⊃ Bx) come out as true.
You can read (∃x)(Ax ⊃ Bx) as equivalent to (∃x)(¬Ax v Bx), which is in turn equivalent to (∃x)(¬Ax) v (∃x)(Bx). So the commitments we make are only to either there being some object that is not A, or there being some object that is B.
"Some A is B" has the former commitments rather than the latter, because we're saying that there is an A, such that it is also B.
Is full semantics in higher order logic philosophically justified?
How can you intuit Information Implication with 4 Truth Values?


Rated 5 out of 5 by Ria1125 from Where's the new sport model? Why would a beautiful piece of tech like this not have a sequel or upgrade model to acquire? I love the external speakers and water resistant combination. I'm the kind of person that is constantly wearing my headset while I'm on the go. It conceals well and I can make quick calls without holding my phone. I can have awesome sound while I'm wanting to have my music playing while exercising walking or watching cable TV on my phone. I keep it on the external speakers mostly because I hate things in my ears. I just would like to see the next model be submersible and have a gold and silver models. I want to see some voice control to it compatible with Google. Please email me if something close to this is on the market. I'm proud to be an owner of a LG TONE Active+ Bluetooth Wireless Stereo headset!
Rated 2 out of 5 by Steph87 from Obvious why it's discontinued I bought these in August of 2017, so yes I'm outside of my 1 year warranty, little did I know that they would break at the hinges on both sides. Obviously not made for someone with an active lifestyle. I'm so disappointed because at first I loved these headphones, they were wonderful and I had no complaints, but breaking after one year is not good quality.
Is there any parts on any other site regarding the hinges being cracked at the neck base of the headset? Everything else still works.
Soo.. I bought these yesterday and charged them for like a half hour and used them for like 10 minutes just to make sure they worked and now the next day I leave them off and charged and they won’t ever turn on.. no lights or anything. What should I do?
Fuel your fitness with the LG TONE Active+™ Premium Wireless Stereo Bluetooth® Headset, model A100 in black & gray, to amp up your exercise with peak sound performance optimized for athletes. The modern, rugged body is designed to stay put while you stay active, so you can dominate your routine while you power through your playlist. Advanced Quad-Layer Speaker Technology™ and dual MEMS microphones take audio excellence to the next level, and the addition of external stereo speakers gives you a personal surround-sound experience. Plus, you can enjoy Hi-Fi sound with support for Qualcomm® aptX™ HD.
The TONE Active+ is IPx4 rated water and sweat resistant, delivering performance throughout your roughest workouts, and built-in fitness monitoring features allow you to stay on top of your progress by syncing with apps like LG Health for Android™ and LG Tone & Health™ for iOS. With retractable earbuds, interchangeable stabilizer tips, and multiple ear gel sizes, express your style without compromising on the perfect fit. Go the distance with the LG TONE Active+: Engineered for active lifestyles like yours.
LG’s wireless Bluetooth headphone technology is designed to enhance your busy lifestyle. With the wireless headset from LG, you really can do it all, hands-free. From the ultimate in rich audio and clarity to the best in innovative LG technology and iPhone/Android compatibility, wireless Bluetooth headphones from LG are sure to become your favorite mobile accessory. LG offers the power and performance you expect with the quality you need. Discover LG’s complete collection of innovative products, including state-of-the-art cell phones and mobile devices and all of LG’s newest, most innovative mobile accessories. Find everything you need to stay connected with LG and see how we’re making life good.


One GW with 2 controllers?
Is it possible to have one arduino gw connected serially to a pi running 2 different controllers.
@skywatch No because only one controller would be able to read from the serial port at a time. Even if you possibly did 2 RS485 serial modules on the same board connected in parallel. You would have to set each controller to act as a master device and each one using a different RS485 interface. If a node would expect a response from the master controller, which one should respond? Both cannot respond as master.
@skywatch yes it can be done but there are some caveats. See https://forum.mysensors.org/topic/3150/use-node-red-to-allow-multiple-connections-to-ethernet-gateway for some ideas on how to do it.
This can be done with node-red, as @mfalkvidd mentions, and is how I do it. I have both domoticz, and a test instance of openhab running. One benefit of using node-red, is that it can be used to manipulate data to/from the mysensors network (For example, domoticz has "locked state" for doors etc reversed, compared to all other controllers, so I have node-red invert the command to / from domoticz, if it's a door lock, so now domoticz is "compliant" with the other controllers that I mock around with.
Still, this really is all about an end product that works for my needs with learning new stuff into the bargain.
I'll let you know if I do need to try it - nice to know it's an option!


Cardio Before or After Lifting Weights for Weight & Fat Loss?
A common question we are faced with here atfitFLEX is the following, should I do cardio before or after my lightweight bodybuilding, and for how long?
In general, we would need to know your specific goals to give you a precise answer; since we don't, we'll assume they're similar to those of most women: getting fitter and leaner, building some muscle and increasing your strength and endurance. I'll also assume that you aren't hoping to become an elite athlete in either an endurance or strength sport nor looking for extreme changes in appearance. I'll guess, too, that you're asking this question because you're after maximal fat control; in other words, would it make a difference to do aerobics before bodybuilding or vice versa in your quest to get as lean as possible?
If this is indeed your situation, the 1998 American College of Sports Medicine's annual conference presented research from Truman State University in Kirksville, Missouri, that has your name written all over it. Researchers recruited nine men and seven women for their study, all of whom were fairly well trained. One group did a 20-minute treadmill workout at 60%-70% of their maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) while the other followed the same aerobic training protocol but after lifting weights. The latter consisted of a six-exercise circuit with weights the subjects could handle for 10-12 reps maximally and going to failure on each station.
After reviewing the data, the researchers found that the group that pumped iron first had higher heart rates and lower respiratory exchange ratios - a complicated method that allows exercise physiologists to determine whether the fuel for exercise primarily comes from carbs or fat. The lower the respiratory exchange ratio, the more fat is used to fuel activity. With higher heart rates and lower respiratory exchange ratios, those study subjects who pumped iron before they did aerobics used more body fat as fuel than the other group.
In the long term, then, you might reap greater benefits from lifting before you do cardio. You may consider dropping the - weights to 60-90 minutes per session and adding about 30 minutes of aerobics. To keep things interesting, vary your intensity between type of exercise and training days. But here we need to address your goals again. Keep in mind that in many respects, aerobics and lifting are polar opposites. If you lift with high intensity and engage in intense endurance training as well, your strength, power and size will more than likely be compromised. Also realize that you can't attain maximal development in either aerobic or anaerobic abilities if you train both with high intensity. As you can see, your goals will strongly influence how you should train.


After a vote on the issue, Ireland, with the support of a liberalising government, has voted "yes" to the Lisbon treaty, a second time around- the first time having voted against the treaty- which will see more centralised control, and reportedly streamlining of the EU (European Union).
Arabic news station Aljazeera, has suggested that the treaty creates the role of something of a European president, and suggested that dissident British Catholic, Ex-Prime Minister: Tony Blair may be suggested for the role.
Much of the opposition against the treaty was conducted by religious groupings, in a still largely statistically Catholic nation.
The recession, and strong political support of the treaty, have both been seen as reasons why this second time around: Ireland voted "yes", instead of no on the treaty.
The vote was reportedly decisive, according to Euronews.
The treaty still needs to be ratified by the president of the Czech republic, who has aired doubts about the treaty. And had gambled on the Irish voting against the treaty, having claimed he expected Ireland to make a "no" vote.
Dublin has reportedly gained guarantees from Brussels, protecting its military independence, and reportedly protecting its policies against abortion from European influence, according to Euronews.
Poland also still needs to ratify the treaty.
Ireland is the only European Nation, which has held a public vote on the issue, as was required in its Constitution.
The President of the European Parliament, Jerzy Buzek, said on Euronews, that those opposing the treaty are just as important as those voting "yes" to the treaty. He gave a message seeking to unite both sides.
The European Commissioner, and the Irish President have both welcomed the vote results as a good thing.
Those opposing the treaty, according to Aljazeera, could still succeed in quashing it after Ireland elects its next government- that is if the Czech president, (or Poland) delays ratification until that point. The Arabic news station, further claimed that the current administration has been seen as unpopular, and that a "yes" vote was important to them.
The Official Result to the Lisbon Treaty vote in Ireland was announced at Dublin Castle, at 16:44 local time today. (As this paragraph is being written).
67.1% of the "valid" votes made were for the treaty, turnout was 58% (Figure from EuroNews).
Ireland's nationalist party, had been noted as the political voice against the treaty. Other parties had pushed the treaty, including the current administration.


"A férfi lát egy nőt."
Translation:The man sees a woman.
Why is there a t at end of woman?
That's the accusative case marker. The woman is the direct object of "see" (she's the thing being seen) and nő is in the accusative case as nőt to mark that.
A bit like in English we would say "I see him" and not "I see he" -- the "him" has to be in the objective case as the direct object.
Could you translate this as "The man looks at the woman"?
No. "look" and "see" are different words in English, just as "néz" and "lát" in Hungarian.
How about "The man watches a woman?"
Not really. Lát is the more passive 'seeing'. 'To watch' would be better translated with néz or figyel.
Could I also say, "Egy no"t a férfi lát" and "A férfi egy no"t lát", and if so, would these be different nuances of the same idea?
Yes, either is possible. You can also go full circle and add "Egy nőt lát a férfi." And a couple more.
A férfi lát egy nőt. - Pretty neutral. If you put a bit vocal emphasis on "a férfi", it gets focus on the fact that the man is doing the seeing, not anybody else.
Egy nőt a férfi lát. - Same as above, but a bit more uncommon, since the topic here, "a woman", is indefinite. You can use it if the topic of the talk has been about women in general.
A férfi egy nőt lát. / Egy nőt lát a férfi. - Here the focus is on the woman. That's the important part here, that's what the man is seeing.
Lát a férfi egy nőt. / Lát egy nőt a férfi. - A more uncommon variant. The focus here in on the action itself: seeing is what the man is doing with the woman. He's not talking to her or anything else.
Mit csinálnak? - What are they doing?
Nézi a férfi a nőt. - The man is looking at the woman.
Nézi? Sem beszél sem érinti meg? - He's looking at her? Not talking or touching?
Köszönöm szépen for the reply and bocsi for the delay in my thanking, but I wasn't notified someone had answered my post.
What is wrong with "The man sees a lady"?
Hm, it should be alright. Feel free to report it.
Usually "woman" is translated as nő, and "lady" as hölgy, but I feel like the levels of politeness for using each are different between English and Hungarian. You'd use hölgy mostly for older women and/or women of a high social status, while "lady" has a broader use.


Rewrite the following sentences using relative clauses.
The girl is very attractive. You were chatting her up last night.
The couple are stinking rich. They are sitting beside the loudspeakers.
The man is my boss. His wife is fanning herself with the newspaper.
We place the relative clause after its antecedent1. As you can see in the examples above, we have replaced the words her, they and his with the appropriate relative form. Observe that her is an object pronoun; they, a subject one; his, a possessive adjective. In the first case, we need an object relative pronoun2: whom (rather formal)/that; in the second, a subject relative pronoun: who/that3; in the third, a possessive relative determiner: whose.
a The hooligans are dangerous criminals. They were arrested last night.
b The boy wets the bed. He lives next door.
c The boy had a crush on her. His overcoat is filthy.
d The woman is a diver. Her hair is wavy.
e The spinster wants to marry eagerly. You met her three days ago.
She bought a bungalow. It was very expensive.
She lives in a semi-detached house. She inherited it from her parents.
He lives in a detached house. Its garden looks terrific.
I didn't understand everything. He said it at the conference hall.
He wants to tell you something. It is very important.
He saw a dog. Its tail had been cut off.
He saw a dog whose tail had been cut off8/He saw a dog the tail of which had been cut off.
a The spaghetti tasted delicious. We ate it yesterday.
b The salad tasted great. You dressed it with homemade vinegar and olive oil.
c He wants to catch the rabbit. This rabbit eats the vegetables in his garden.
d This is the most interesting story. You have never told me such an interesting story.
e The car belongs to Mr Jones. Its bonnet has a few dents.
The person is quite adamant about letting people smoke in his car. I was talking to him last night.
The person (that/whom) I was talking to last night is quite adamant about letting people smoke in his car.
The person to whom I was talking last night is quite adamant about letting people smoke in his car.
The bus broke down. I was on the bus.
The bus (which/that) I was on broke down.
The bus on which I was broke down.
The girl was very fit and healthy. We encouraged her to go on.
These are the documents. I came across them in the living room drawer last night.
a The table was very antique. We were sitting at that table.
b The criminal was taken to gaol. She was robbed by him.
c The woman was the wife of a very important politician. He had an affair with her.
d The TV programme is off. I told you about it yesterday.
e This is the spade. I was looking for it.
a The lady is our sales director. She has just turned round.
b These pills are for drug addicts. They want to come off drugs.
c The car is mine. Its bodywork is in a bad state.
d She showed me something. She got it from an antique shop.
e The secretary is a stunner. She ushered me into Mr Goldsmith's office.
f The stain won't come out. You have this stain on your jacket.
g She was swept off her feet by a boy. He saved her life.
h The uncle is very old-fashioned. He came home last night.
i The ship was travelling north. They were on the ship.
j The buttons are too small. You bought them yesterday.
k The pullover is the very latest. He has the pullover on.
l The old dog has just pegged out. Its owner painted a portrait of your mother the day before yesterday.
m I cut the branch. I stumbled on this branch.
n The children are very naughty. Their mother teaches history at the local school.
o The old man has a terrible cold. He came into the inn wet to the skin.
p The mussels were delicious. You cooked them last week.
q The jersey was naff. Her mother had knitted it for her.
r They are going to pull down the house. Its roof is black.
s I saw an indigent. His hand was badly burnt.
t Everyone says it is excellent. They are at the première.
u The last person was a fifty-year-old woman. He saw her.
v The old lady has been across the world. She has a lot of pets.
w The inn had central heating. We stayed at that inn.
x She's the most charming girl. I don't know any other girls as charming as she is.
y This is the horse. Mary rides it.
z The boy is very polite. She's going out with him tonight.
The student reads broadsheet newspapers. She's sitting next to Alexis.
Edith reads broadsheets newspapers. She is sitting next to Alexis.
The stranger comes from France. You met him yesterday.
The stranger in black comes from France. You met him yesterday.
The lady firmly believes in progress. Her husband works with you.
The lady over there firmly believes in progress. Her husband works with you.
The cat scratched him. You often feed it.
Sandra's cat scratched him. You often feed it.
The cemetery looks gloomy. It dates from the seventeenth century.
This cemetery looks gloomy. It dates back to the seventeenth century.
The dog was run over by a lorry last night. Its coat and (its) eyes were beautiful.
Her dog was run over by a lorry last night. Its coat and (its) eyes were beautiful.
The graveyard is in a poor condition. Its walls were put up by my great-grandfather.
This graveyard is in poor condition. Its walls were put up by my great-grandfather.
When the antecedent does not give us enough information, we do not put commas. Commas are only used when the information provided by the relative clause is not needed. As a result, we may remove the relative clause. For instance, the antecedent "the student" is very ambiguous. Hence the relative clause is required to determine it: The student who is sitting next to Alexis... In this case, we know which student we are referring to: Not all the students in the class, but the one sitting next to Alexis. But if we say "Edith" (instead of the student"), there is no necessity to use "who is sitting next to Alexis", as we already know which student we are talking about, that is, "Edith" provide us with enough information.
That is not posssible with non-defining relative clauses, ie the ones with commas. The relatives pronouns whom or which cannot be left out.
His job is very important to him. He has devoted all his life to it.
Mrs Brown is a very good lawyer. I have an appointment with her this afternoon.
Paris is a marvellous place. I spent two years of my life in Paris.
We reached a deal. Under this, we shall increase our annual profits.
The deal (that/which) we reached will increase our annual profits.
a Don Quixote is a send-up of chivalry novels. It was written by Cervantes.
b The police suspected us of being spies. They were harassing us constantly.
c The examination was as easy as ABC. We did it yesterday.
d The main character in this novel is a tax-collector. He is very evil.
e The policewoman had four children. She was murdered by a gang of terrorists.
She arrived home very late. This annoyed her parents.
She arrived home very late, which annoyed her parents.
He gave the secretary a memo14. She handed it over to the boss.
He gave the secretary a memo, who handed it over to the boss.
Adam, who is in hospital, wants to see you immediately.
The two sentences give us additional information about their antecedents, but there is a difference between them: the first one tells us something about its antencedent, but the second one does not: it simply relates an action or a fact of the antecedent. They can also refer to the whole sentence: She arrived home very late, which annoyed her parents. Last but not least, that is impossible here, and commas must be used.
a She told him that she loved him. This made him feel nervous.
b Everything went according to plan. This pleased them a lot.
c I told the whole matter to the police, but they said it wasn't their business.
d I offered them my help. They rejected it.
e The new album outsells all their other works. This will make them one of the most popular bands in the world.
a The runner is my workmate. He is in the lead now.
b The lawyer has one foot in the grave. He worked for my father twenty years ago.
c We are going through a crisis. In this crisis, many employers will have to close down.
d They married her daughter to a man. He was twice her age and very wealthy.
e The man was an old crock. They married her daughter to him.
f He told her that she got what she deserved. This annoyed her very much.
g The woman is an ardent feminist. Her husband is a member ofthe golf club.
h Sir Thomas's cavalry saved their lives. He did not die in vain.
But for him, our siblings would not be alive now. This is why we will never forget him.
i They set fire to the barracks. This angered the captain.
j My grandmother is very old. She suffers from senile dementia.
k Her sister always gets out of bed on the wrong side. He's very fond of her.
l The children were very afraid of lightning. They're neighbours of ours.
m Someone nicked the silver cutlery set. They knew the house very well.
n That old man thinks women should stay at home and take care of their children. He has outworn ideas.
o We put our trust in them. This was the silliest thing to do.
p Margaret was madly in love with him. She did not want to tell the truth.
q Susie is a friend of my daughter's. She's swinging on the old rope.
r The people next door very often go to posh restaurants. They come from well-to-do families.
s Her father gave her a lecture about the importance of getting home early. He didn't want her daughter to arrive home late.
t The little girls are my nieces. They're riding on the swings.
u The man is forty years of age. He runs this company.
v Mrs Brown has a crick in the neck. She hasn't come to work today.
w The print cartridge is faulty. We bought it yesterday afternoon.
x Big cities' smog should be reduced. It's very bad for people's health.
y Miss Perkins is very pessimistic about her future. You teach her biology.
z New York is very cosmopolitan. She would like to live in that city.
There were a lot of passers-by in the street. Most of them were in a hurry.
There were a lot of passers-by in the street, most of whom were in a hurry.
Eight guests could not come to the reception. Two of them were in bed with influenza.
Eight guests, two of whom were in bed with influenza, could not come to the reception.
There were five clocks in the house. One of them was broken.
There were five clocks in the house, one of which was broken.
As seen above, when we have the following combination: a pronoun (most, one, etc.) + of + them/it, we place a comma before the pronoun, and instead of them or it, we write whom (for people) or which (for things or animals).
a I saw several paintings and sculptures by Michelangelo Buanarroti. All of them were superb.
b There were nearly fifty people at the party. The majority15 of them were wearing informal clothes.
c He collects cuckoo clocks. Some of them cost him a fortune.
d He borrowed a lot of books from the library. A few of them were on medieval history.
e This library loans art books. Most of them are about the Middle Ages.
She congratulated me on having passed all the tests. She was the first person to do this.
She was the first person to congratulate me on having passed all the tests.
She was the first person that congratulated me on having passed all the tests.
I need a room of my own. I need to study there/in this room.
I need a room of my own in which to study.
I need a room of my own to study in.
There are a lot of letters. He must write them.
There are a lot of letters for him to18 write.
a Aldrin, Collins and Amstrong landed on the moon. They were the first people.
b Mary rang me up. She was the only person to do this.
c There are a lot of things. We can eat them at home.
d He has nobody. Nobody wants to go out with him.
e He has a lot of homework. He must do it for tomorrow.
1 Note the following construction: He who wants to eat sits down to the table.
2 The object relative pronoun may be dropped. Who, instead of whom or that, sometimes occurs in conversation.
Everybody loves pasta. They should go to an Italian restaurant.
The first people brought me a present. They arrived at the party.
They are the best workers. He has never had such good workers.
The semi-detached house (that) she lives in was inherited from her parents.
The semi-detached house where/in which she lives was inherited from her parents.
5 See the previous section (footnote 3) and section 10.
6 In this particular case, we could have said He wants to tell you something important.
The detached house (that) he lives in has a garden that looks terrific.
The detached house where/in which he lives has a garden that looks terrific.
The detached house (that) he lives in has a terrific garden.
The detached house where/in which he lives has a terrific garden.
8 Here, we could have said The dog (that/which) he saw had its tail cut off.
9 This alternative is much better than the one with whose (at least in formal contexts): The graveyard whose walls were put up by my great-grandfather is in poor condition. See section 2 in this unit.
10 See the previous footnote.
11 See also section 3 in this unit.
12 Which is a relative determiner here. The preposition cannot be put at the end.
13 Also called connective relative clauses.
14 Note also that the relative clause is placed after "a memo", not after "the secretary", which is its antecedent. We could have also said He gave a memo to the secretary, who handed it over to the boss.
15 Note that "majority" is a noun, not a pronoun.
16 See sections 1 (footnote, 3) and 2 in this unit.
Which bus do I have to take?
Who(m) are they going to invite to their wedding?
18 There are a lot of letters (that) he must write is possible, but much less usual.


question_answer1) What are the Temperate Grasslands of North America called?
question_answer2) What are the cattle forms in the North American Grasslands known as?
question_answer3) Name the rivers that drain the Velds.
question_answer4) When is the rainy season in the Velds?
question_answer5) What is the major occupation of the people of the South African grasslands?
question_answer6) Tick the correct answer : (i) River Mississippi drains: (a) Canada (b) Africa (c) USA. . (ii) Drakensberg Mountains bound the— (a) Prairies (b) Velds (c) Pampas. (iii) Merino is a species of— (a) Fish (b) elephant (c) sheep. (iv) Kimberley is famous for— (a) diamonds (b) silver (c) platinum.
question_answer8) The Prairies are known as the 'Granaries of the world'. Rise of wood industry in the Velds.
question_answer9) On an outline map of North America, mark the Rocky mountains, the Great Lakes, river Mississippi, river Saskatchewan, the cities - Chicago and Winnipeg.


What it means: District Attorney Elizabeth Egan declined to explain why prosecutors had failed to tell court officials to preserve the evidence after an earlier defendant was acquitted. The mistake occurred in 1998, before she took office.
"WOW again the DA drops the ball, they spent millions on a tattoo kid case and they destroy evidence on a double pc 187, and they cry about funding."
"Some one has really messed up on this one and they should pay with their job. What a black eye for the DA's office."
What happened: A new federal report showed a dramatic decline in seizures of clandestine methamphetamine laboratories -- once a raging problem in the Central Valley.
What it means: Federal officials suggested that a new law restricting purchase of medication that can be used to produce the illegal drug had driven its manufacture to Mexico.
"Some things are simply a matter of ease & convenience. Introducing a little inconvenience can really help decrease a problematic behavior. It's refreshing to read of a wisely crafted, effective law."
What happened: The Original Coney Island, a Fresno institution that opened in 1923, has closed.
What it means: Owners of the downtown hot-dog eatery, which had survived the Great Depression, said they were done in by the Great Recession.
"It is so sad to see Coney Island closed, I can remember this place as a youngster. I think downtown Fresno has really lost a staple."
"So sad to see! I always enjoyed coming down to this place, albeit it wasn't terribly often. Such good food for so cheap, people were so nice, and I just loved the sense of history and nostalgic atmosphere it created."
What happened: Union attorneys representing employees of the Fresno County Public Defender's office told a judge that the county's staffing cuts violated both local and federal law.
What it means: Budget cuts not only violated Constitutional rights of defendants, but also circumvented a county law requiring four of five supervisors to approve outsourcing of work, they argued. Lawyers for the county disputed the claims. The judge must rule in 90 days.
"A legal fight ? There is no money ... When you work for an entity that makes no money ... this is what happens ... there is nothing illegal about it."
"This is an outrage! These lawyers need to grow up. I don't want to be laid off just like the next person but this is life."
"The litigation is NOT about being childish nor is it about growing up. It is centered around the Board of Supervisors' failure to realize that they must appropriately fund legally mandated services."
What happened: In an apparent reaction to the manslaughter sentence given a Bay Area transit police officer who was accused of murdering a suspect, someone vandalized a police memorial in downtown Fresno.
What it means: The white paint was quickly removed, but the cleaning caused damage that will require repair.
"I understand people's frustration with the verdict, however, defacing a memorial for officers who have given their lives is atrocious. It's one thing to be upset and protest but to resort to this type of behavior makes me embarrassed of Americans."
"Hate to say this. But shouldnt there be a memorial for people unjustly shot harassed or arrested on false pretenses. There wouldnt be enough room for that monument."
What happened: Chris Colfer, a 2008 Clovis East High School grad, was nominated for an Emmy for his role on the hit comedy show "Glee."
What it means: Colfer, 20, faces stiff competition for best supporting actor in a comedy series. But he is the first Valley actor nominated for a continuing TV role since Mike Connors, star of the 1970s private-eye show "Mannix."
"Yay for Chris! We are so proud of you!!!"


Picture the scene: You walk into a coffee shop and order a cappuccino. The young man behind the counter hands you a drink and wishes you a pleasant day with a Colgate smile. Suddenly his expression drops, his face turns stiff, there's a muted bang and some smoke emerges from his nose. He crashes to the ground in an almighty rigid clunk.
Could this be the fate of some poor future android? Will malfunction one day be the only means of telling human and robot apart?
Here, CNN takes you through the evolution of the robot: from literary fancy to paranoid androids with artificial brains and emotional baggage.
It turns out man has feared robots rebellion since the word robot was coined. It was Czech playwright Karel Čapek in his 1920 play "Rossum's Universal Robots" ("R.U.R.") that the term was coined to describe his factory-made people who, in his play, went from serving humans ("robota" is Czech for forced labor) to revolting and rendering them extinct.
Even British robots have afternoon tea, don't you know? Eric -- the first British robot ever to exist -- seemed to believe he had an example to set. The invention of the Englishman Captain W.H. Richards, Eric was able to turn his head and take a bow. Presumably Eric v2.0 loved to queue and always said please, thank you and sorry.
After 14 years and thousands of dollars, the young British scientist Harry May claimed to have made "the perfect robot". Alpha the robot could talk, sing, laugh, tell the time and date, fire a revolver and whistle (but only for half an hour). Perfect.
Move over David Hasselhoff. these ladies have found a real man to take for a dip in ocean. Well, perhaps not, but at 250 pounds, 7.5 feet tall and with a steely look in his eyes, Mac the Mechanical Man had a certain allure on Venice Beach back in the 1930s. What the picture doesn't show is his inventor Leighton Hilbert, who, just a few meters away is fiddling with Mac's remote controls. Way to cramp his style, Hilbert.
Look we've all got our vices ok? Even tin men. The most pointless function for any robot ever, devised purely as a means to resemble man, electrical engineer Charles Lawson built a robot that could smoke. You have to feel for the robot -- a coerced addict. Shame on you Mr Lawson.
So, they can walk the walk and talk the talk but can they actually think, wondered computer scientist Alan Turing. In 1950 he devised the Turing Test: a test to determine whether a robot can display intelligent behavior indistinguishable from a human. The idea is simple -- a person communicates with a human and a machine through a wall and if they can't tell who's responding, the machine passes.
But who cares if they're big thinkers anyway? As long as they can perform simple tasks like washing the car and the kitchen, feeding the cat, and cooking dinner. Or picking up the kids from school, paying the bills, ANY OF THE ABOVE? What are robots good for anyway?
Ah yes, they make fabulous traffic wardens. Mr Sam here was tried out by French road authorities near the Arc de Triomphe in the Seventies, to warn motorists of approaching roadworks. His job was effectively just to hold a flag up for a very, very long time.
Mr Sam the traffic warden may be unwavering in his mood, despite having one of the world's most monotonous jobs, but by the Nineties Japanese professor Yoshiyuki Miwa decided robots should have the right to let us know when they're a little bit peeved. He developed the Eye Robot which has the ability to express emotions through its eyes such as joy, sadness, anger and embarrassment.
OK so we seem to like making robots look like humans. But this guy had to take it one step further and build a mechanical version of himself, complete with imitation mannerisms and facial expressions. Hiroshi Ishiguro is the director of Japan's Intelligent Robotics Laboratory, who developed the first "actroid," a humanoid robot with features and functions almost indistinguishable from a human's.
Austin Powers thought he had found his perfect woman, until bullets starting firing at him from her brassiere. Here's hoping Le Trung's Aiko fembot doesn't come with such a severe drawback, especially considering the inventor spent his entire life's savings plus a few credit card loans to make her. Aiko, Japanese for "beloved one", can make tea and coffee, tell the weather, read a magazine and is the first android to react to physical stimuli and mimic pain.
Swoon! What a stud. Biceps, kissable lips ... what more could a girl want? 2011 was the year that human-robot love became a genuine area of research. But what would happen if the attraction between the robot and human wasn't mutual. A lonely robot hearts column perhaps? Certainly Business Insider's 13 sexiest robots ever made won't have to worry.
Last month it was a dark day for robotics as the world's media reported the first "robot suicide". A family came home to find the remains of their cleaning bot the Irobot Roomba 760 in the kitchen. The robot had been switched off before they left the house, but had reactivated itself and moved along the kitchen surface to the hotplate, where it began to melt and then burn, leaving just a small pile of ashes. Mocking reporters suggested that a life that only consisted of chores was no life at all. You really can't blame him.
Editor's note: John Bare is vice president of the Arthur M. Blank Family Foundation and executive-in-residence at Georgia Tech's Institute for Leadership and Entrepreneurship. The opinions expressed in this commentary are solely those of the author.
(CNN) -- When a Phoenix teacher, way back in 2004, offered four students the option of learning marine science through textbook lessons or by building an underwater robot, the students chose the hands-on approach.
It was a decision that revealed the power of experiential learning and created the opening scene for a Hollywood script.
"I had nothing to do. I felt like a loser," one of the students, Lorenzo Santillan, told an Arizona newspaper in 2008. Without the robot club, "I would have probably just dropped out of high school."
In fact, all four students graduated from high school.
"All these kids have taken what they've learned and decided that they can be leaders in their community," the robotics teacher, Fredi Lajvardi, says in a new documentary film, Underwater Dreams.
The film tracks four Hispanic students who started the robotics team at Carl Hayden High School in Phoenix, a decade ago. Working under gifted teachers, the guys build an underwater robot, nicknamed Stinky. The fun starts when they enter a national competition that pits their machine against robots from both high school and college teams.
Teacher Fredi Lajvardi, with, from left, students Diserea Sanders, Sergio Corral , Martin Carranza, and Isela Martinez , and robot nicknamed "Stinky"
No need to spoil the finish. It's enough to say that the tale, with a tampon prominent in the construction of the robot, inspired a long-form piece in WIRED magazine, a new Hollywood feature starring George Lopez and Marisa Tomei, and the documentary film. As part of a deal with NBCUniversal and AMC Theatres, "Underwater Dreams" opens Friday, July 11, in Los Angles and New York, before rolling out to other cities. Underwriters include the Bezos Family Foundation, The Laurie M. Tisch Illumination Fund and the Virginia Piper Charitable Trust.
While "Underwater Dreams" is a compelling tale about four kids who beat the odds, it carries a larger message about education reform.
The need for reform is straightforward. In this century, economic growth depends on jobs for which Americans are not sufficiently trained, at least as compared to other countries. Absent reform, according to the The Jobs Council, U.S. firms will struggle to fill positions that require technical skill.
How to implement reform is the sticky part.
Reforming education means altering how teachers teach. When I took algebra, chemistry and physics, my teachers stood at the front of the classroom and lectured. If I learned anything, I learned by listening.
Today, there is a belief that students learn more by doing.
Sounds simple enough, but it's a challenge to reorganize instructional budgets, train new teachers, retrain veteran teachers and bring students and parents along. Instruction ends up looking different than your father's science class, as evidenced by the robotics poetry class offered at one innovative Pennsylvania middle school.
"Underwater Dreams" adds weight to the argument in favor of hands-on, experiential learning by proving that it can be accomplished in a tough setting, without lots of new resources.
The lesson is especially critical for STEM education -- science, technology, engineering and mathematics -- where we must set learning on fire for children who may otherwise disengage from school.
I first heard about the Hayden robotics program shortly after the now-famous underwater competition, when the foundation where I work began making grants to support programs at the school.
The students saw they could accomplish more than they ever could have imagined. Whether they went on to become an Army paratrooper like Oscar Vazquez or a chef, as Santillan has done, their high school experience helped.
"With robotics, the kids fell in love with building, pure and simple," "Underwater Dreams" filmmaker Mary Mazzio told me in an e-mail. "They loved the kinesthetic learning of how things worked. Although they didn't call it engineering, that is what they fell in love with. Oscar first learned to make a catapult for Halloween -- and they concocted a giant catapult right out of Joan of Arc -- and had pumpkins smashing everywhere. He fell in love."
From the film, I was struck by Dean Kamen's remarks on the need to develop talented young people. An inventor whose creations include the Segway, Kamen is also founder of FIRST robotics, which enables more than 350,000 students to build robots annually. I called Kamen to ask him whether the kids in "Underwater Dreams" represent a fluke, or whether all students could flourish this way.
"You didn't find two needles in the haystack," Kamen said. "You found a stack of needles. They are all sharp. All they needed was a little guidance, a little support."
Let's hope the release of "Underwater Dreams" leads to more schools uncovering more of these needles.


LSU fired coach John Brady on Friday, leaving assistant Butch Pierre to coach for the remainder of the year. Brady will coach today's game against Tennessee and then leave the program.
Just two years after a run to the Final Four, Brady fell into disfavor with the Tigers' brass. A 27-9 season dissolved into 17-15 last year (5-11 SEC) and the Tigers are 8-13 (1-6) thus far this year.
Brady enters today's game with a 192-139 record at LSU and will leave with two SEC regular-season championships and the Final Four appearance to his credit. He is the Tigers' third-winningest coach.
Southern Cal coach Tim Floyd was already being mentioned as a potential successor, as well as Virginia Commonwealth coach Anthony Grant. Grant has also been mentioned as a possible successor to Dave Odom at South Carolina.
Brown and Mercer were later booted from the team for unspecified team violations, although Felton said Mercer was "being a disruption." Mercer shared a room with Humphrey, which led to Humphrey's first brush with the law.
According to The (Atlanta) Journal-Constitution, police searched the room for marijuana and found a knife belonging to Humphrey. Because the blade was longer than 2 1/2 inches, it was considered a weapon, and Humphrey was arrested for having a weapon on school grounds, a felony in Georgia.
Humphrey was suspended from the team for a week but was reinstated after being accepted in a pretrial diversion program. He was given 18 months of probation from the state and a year of probation by the UGa Student Judiciary, part of the criteria for staying on probation being Humphrey must avoid future trouble with the law.
Georgia also lost junior center Rashaad Singleton on Jan. 3, when Singleton quit after he was upset with playing time.
"I know that this season has been terribly difficult for us, starting with the two leading scorers and two most talented players couldn't do what they needed to do to be part of the program," Felton said. "We got a whole lot younger in a hurry."
• INTERNATIONAL ORANGE: Tennessee coach Bruce Pearl was named coach for the United States' entry in the World Maccabiah Games. An international Jewish athletic event, the games are scheduled for July 12-23, 2009.
"It's something I've wanted to do ever since I got into coaching," Pearl said. "I wasn't good enough to make the Maccabi team in college. Wearing the red, white and blue in international competition is awesome, and to be able to coach in Israel, the Jewish homeland, to combine those two things is just an amazing opportunity."
Pearl, chosen as someone "who wears his Judaism on his sleeve," according to organizing committee chair Ron Carner, will start putting his team together this summer at UT. He'll take some time off from his summer camps in 2009 to compete in Israel.
• ABOUT TIME: Tennessee will honor former All-American Ernie Grunfeld on March 2 by retiring the No. 22 he wore from 1975-77.
Grunfeld teamed with fellow All-American Bernard King as the SEC's top two scorers from 1975-77, labeled "The Ernie and Bernie Show." King's No. 53 was the only retired jersey in UT history, honored last year when the Volunteers played Kentucky.
UT again hosts Kentucky the night Grunfeld will be honored.
"The SEC has had the last two men's basketball champions, Florida and Florida, the last two football champions, LSU and Florida, and the last women's basketball champion (Tennessee). That's five in a row."
• HE SAID IT: "I got a magic wand in my back pocket. I'm going to spray some dust on them at practice today."
-- Alabama coach Mark Gottfried on curing the Crimson Tide's free throw shooting, last in the SEC at 59.4 percent.
• Notes: The game features a matchup of two of the top four scorers in the conference, Downey and Foster. ... Vanderbilt won the previous matchup 80-73 on Jan. 9. ... USC has won two straight, the last a win at Ole Miss that gave the Rebels just their second home loss under coach Andy Kennedy. ... The Gamecocks have a chance to put together a lengthy winning streak, with SEC East cellar-dweller Georgia next on the slate and Alabama after that. ... Vandy is finishing up a stretch of six of eight road games. ... USC seems to be set on a starting lineup, running the same five out for the past five games.
• Up next: The Gamecocks play at Georgia at 7:30 p.m. Wednesday.


Bulldozers with blades attached that are 4 m to 4. The non-partisan Who Does Can you repeat that? Committee concluded that a portion of the QEW within Toronto served only a area purpose and was therefore no longer basic in the Ontario highway transportation system.
As a result of the s, it became obvious that the QEW was inefficient as a non-controlled admission highway. This meant existing farmers and homeowners along several segments that were once acknowledgment roads were permitted to build driveways after that entrances onto the road. As a agreement, the Thomas B. Is the Ministry allow for improvements to the Burlington Bay Skyway? A second project, from Highway to the Estate City Skyway was started in and was completed in During winter, the northern stretches of the highway that pass through the snowbelt region of Grey County are area of interest to poor visibility and road closings all through windy conditions or winter storms. There is no restaurant on site, but guests bidding find a Tim Hortons a 4-minute amble away and a Milestones, Swiss Chalet after that Kelsey's a 5-minute drive away at the Burloak RioCan Centre mall.
The new structure was completed inimmediately to the south of the existing Skyway. Beginning by its southern end in Caledon, Highway 10, following the Hurontario Street alignment, passes en route for the west of Valleywood, a suburban area on the fringe of the Greater Toronto Area. After the ceremony concluded, special attractive sculptures and elements were added to the Henley Bridge to commemorate the Royal Appointment. To remedy what was becoming a chief delay and hazard, the Department of Highways began planning a high-level bridge to angry the shipping channel.
It was later extended south when the local government assumed the remaining stretch to Lakeshore Road Highway 2 in Port Crediton the north shore of Lake Ontario. The appraisal is completed in conjunction with public contribution. Letters and notices will be sent en route for contacts on the project mailing list en route for solicit comments and suggestions. Allan Skyway, all the same it is commonly referred to as austerely the Burlington Skyway. Route markers on this highway are gold-coloured, with the road's abridged name QEW displayed in blue text. At no cost parking is available on site.
I would like to join the project mailing list. The bridge tolls were lifted all the rage By the s, it became obvious so as to the QEW was inefficient as a non-controlled access highway. After the ceremony concluded, distinctive decorative sculptures and elements were added en route for the Henley Bridge to commemorate the Extravagant Visit. Construction timing is dependent on the completion of the Class Environmental Assessment, Beginning and Detail Design Studies, environmental approvals after that the availability of project funding. However, the name was almost unanimously chosen by St.


commentary How can the ACS improve its sphere of influence on IT issues in Australia?It's often stated that when it comes to the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) sector, the only constant is change.
commentary How can the ACS improve its sphere of influence on IT issues in Australia?
It's often stated that when it comes to the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) sector, the only constant is change. This is true not only of the technology itself -- with new developments occurring almost every day -- but also in relation to the various social and environmental factors impacting on ICT professionals.
As the professional society for those working in ICT, the ACS faces the challenge of staying abreast of these issues, and how our members feel about them, while presenting those views to industry, government, and the wider community.
This is a role we have always played to a greater or lesser extent; however, in 2004 it has assumed far greater prominence.
Recognising the way in which technology increasingly pervades all aspects of business, government, and community life, the ACS has resolved to commit a substantially greater portion of its resources to developing and promoting policies on key technology issues.
There's no shortage of issues needing our attention. We're currently being approached for our perspective on topics as diverse as open source, free trade, offshoring, computer literacy, ethical computing, and cameras in mobile phones, to name just a few.
While it would be easy to make reactive statements in response to these requests, the ACS believes it has a responsibility to develop considered positions that are defensible and accurately reflect the views of our members.
To this end, I have initiated regular online polls to allow members to articulate their views and drive the direction of ACS policy. Already, these polls have enabled us to make informed decisions about potential new services, as well as identifying those issues of greatest concern to ICT professionals.
In these areas, we have established specific working groups -- small, highly focused teams of eminent industry representatives who debate the issue in the context of our changing ICT landscape and create a policy document for the ACS to endorse and take to government.
So far, we're making solid progress. We have brought together the most prominent players in the Australian open source community to form a policy development group on open source software. In relation to offshoring, we have attracted key industry stakeholders to join ACS representatives and others in developing an informed position. Offshoring has polarised views right across the ICT sector and business community and demands a considered ACS response. We are also driving policy development groups in the areas of Internet/spam, cameras in mobile phones and ICT work/life issues.
In each case, the working groups are being mentored by Professor Kerryn Phelps, who has been retained by the ACS to help maximise the effectiveness of this work. Professor Phelps' experience, gained during her highly successful and influential term as President of the Australian Medical Association (AMA), is enabling her to make a valuable contribution to the Society's policy and lobbying initiatives.
As part of our renewed focus in this area, we have also expanded our public relations resources and established a relationship with a knowledgeable and respected political lobbyist based in Canberra, who will be able to guide and direct our voice in the nation's capital.
I believe ICT professionals are inherently forward thinking -- it's an integral element of what we do to plan ahead and to consider the implications of the various technologies we implement. As such, I believe we have a duty to contribute to public debate on a wide range of issues relating to the application of technology.
We welcome input from both members and non-members about our stance, as we seek to grow the ACS into a more relevant and influential organisation that is the first port of call for comment on ICT issues.
Edward Mandla is National President of the Australian Computer Society (ACS). The ACS attracts a membership (of 15,000) from all levels of the IT industry and provides a wide range of services. The Society can be contacted on 02 9299 3666, or email info@acs.org.au.