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See The Tell-Tale Heart (1953 Film on youtube.
See Edgar Allan Poe: The Tell-Tal on youtube.
See The Tell Tale Heart (1960) [HD on youtube.
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See The Tell Tale Heart 1953 on youtube.
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Description: The human being is a sick animal; its natural impulses and drive for self-development have been imprisoned by reason and culture. Lou and Martin, two adolescents living on an island, attempt to escape the suffocation of overprotective parents. Will they succeed in building believe in the midst of forces that drive them apart?
Description: Three boys join forces to raise an adopted son.
Description: Grocery clerk Eddie Quaid, in danger of losing his father to alcoholism and his woman Julie through lack of career prospects, goes into boxing.
Description: The movie dramatizes the life of Isabel "la Negra" Luberza Oppenheimer. Pablo, a Caribbean peasant, and Isabel, a politician's mistress, launch a brothel that becomes internationally famous. Though they gain wealth and power, the one thing that Isabel seeks continues to elude her.
Description: An isolated boy living in a cottage in the mountains one day discovers a mysterious unconscious girl and takes her in.
Description: Cinderella says Nurul, 22-year-old village girl, lives with her stepmother, Aenon and his half sister, Farah and his half brother, Zamil. One night, Zamil vomit taste her but was rejected by Nurul cause malignant and test to act Zamil deflower her half sister. Nurul triumphant escape and run to the outside rather than the house to hide themselves so as to stall the inn Salman, the son of a prominent corporate leaders. They were both invaded by the village chief, tock priests and some villagers. Salman and Nurul given two choices - be brought to the hall privacy and charged in court sharia or married and did not return to the village. To hold his name, Salman accept with the choices to two. What is so applicable to Nurul and Salman?
Description: Says of a fisherman's daughter, Tiara that to the mother country to find the website as a singer. Because of works,s he has asked his mate to see his mother in the village that been allow alone after his father died. The mate do not carry out the mandate it, otherwise test Tiara giving cash to dissipate.
Description: Ms. Leha (Noran Nordin) who was a wealthy widow had just divorced her husband, Azman. He has a son called Amir (Karim Latif) but was taken to Medan, Indonesia by her former husband. The absence of her husband and kids were making lonely. Therefore, he asked his servant called Salmah (Oradawan Jamil) to give her daughter up for adoption. Then, coincidentally Salmah husband had just died. As much indebted to the employer, and has worked in the house for so long, Salmah gladly handed her son, Ani (Hamizon). Ms. Leha has also considered Ani as his own child, not as a foster kid for having defended him since childhood.
Description: Dayang an actor suffering from the decline due to increasing age and test to change the appearance to look younger. Movie Muda Mudi is a Malay movie which was published in Malaysia in 1965. The movie Muda Mudi issued in the form of black and white movie without color. Muda Mudi movie directed by director M. Amin in 1965.
Description: The storyline of a princess who converted to Islam in secret and eventually succeeded in changing people's believe in his converts. Noor Islamic Movie Festival is a movie that was published in Malaysia in 1960. The movie Noor Islam published in the form of black and white movie without color. Noor Islam movie directed by director A.M. Basker in 1960.
Description: It deals with Mahmud, a tycoon sawmill married a widow with one son, Zubaidah worked as a restaurant entrepreneur. Baharum, Zubaidah son befriends Mahmud adopted daughter Mira since childhood. As adults, their relationship grew stronger and they loved every other. Maher, a biological kid relationship of Mahmud did not think much of it because he feared his father's estate will fall into the hands of both of them.
Description: Films Silence Is Pretty is a Malay movie published in Malaysia in 1985. The movie Silence Is Pretty was published in the form of color film. Silence is Pretty first movie aired in 1985 on cinema across the country. Displaying Lydiawati, nassier Wahab, Siti Rohani Zain, Haji Arshad, S. Shamsuddin, S. Roomai Noor, Sarimah, SA Fuel, Nora Shamsuddin, Rokiah Shafie and crowded again.
Description: Xeno, Christine, and Bivak spend their days and nights together in dimly lit rooms cast in the glow of shadows by their pc monitors. The subculture of LAN Parties, IM'ing and hacking confuse Xeno's parents as to why their son spends so much time behind the screen with his friends. The mates rally around Christine as it is discovered she has cancer. Christine's cancer goes into remission as the mates create a pact one night at a LAN Party. Convinced she'll be the first to go, Christine and the others create a promise that whoever dies first in the group will have the others zone a webcam in their coffin so the globe can watch their corpse.
Description: The political advisor to the French emperor Napoleon, and the Austrian emperor Franz I, arrange a marriage between Napoleon and the Austrian archduchess Marie-Luise in order to prevent other war.
Description: Fredrik is participating in a realty-show named “Andra Sidan” and his girlfriend is home, only able to check on Fredrik by watching the TV-show. While Fredrik discovers love inside the TV-house Emma finds out that she's pregnant.
Description: Andy Milligan's off-Broadway spoof. This uncompleted film was partially shot in Fresh York's legendary underground theater, the Caffe Cino.
Description: Zero is a police officer in his mid thirties, pacing the roads of Casablanca, surrounded by loss and futility, and the corruption of everyone around him.
Description: 17-year-old Sami has an accident which resulted in him reluctantly sent to closed psychiatric hospital. Sami refuses to speak or present his feelings, even when the nurse Taneli is trying everything in order to understand how the ruin really happened. While Sami's and his roommate's Rude's eccentric friendships gradually increases, the truth of past happenings start to unravel.
Description: A politician rises rapidly to fame and fortune and discovers that power corrupts and ultimately becomes the very kind of politician he had set out to displace.
Description: Each youth's imagination of love that relates the storyline of Adam & Eve, known since ages and shot very first time in the Hindi Language in India. Natures own creation Adam and Eve believed to be in heaven, were incited by a python to eat a fruit. Eve ate the fruit and then fed it to Adam. They were forbidden to have it and on eating it were exiled from Heaven. A painter, Karan, who is getting blur photos of a woman is trying to produce it on canvas, he writes at the bottom of all the portraits 'Kahin Hai Mera Pyar' as a sign of his belief that his love exists somewhere! A businessman buys all portraits this provokes Karan's feeling and he opts to find for his love more vigorously as the storyline unfolds further.
Description: From various time perspectives, Sloophamer says the storyline of 55-year-old Dirk, who one Friday afternoon returns to his house in the pleasant road where he leads a satisfied life. He is proud of the house he has converted into a snug tiny palace with his own hands. But then, suddenly, a wrecker's ball knocks a gaping hole into the outside wall. Dirk's wife quickly explains that the house is going to be demolished, but the bull-headed Dirk refuses to vacate the place. Still, the overseer of the demolition squad wants to finish the job before the weekend. To 'smoke out' the couple, he makes their case increasingly dire. Water, gas and electricity are slash off and the anti-riot team is even on standby. While Dirk is cheered as a character by sympathisers, the overseer decides to go upstairs and terminate the predicament. There, he finds a various boy than he had imagined. It slowly becomes clear that Dirk is out of touch with reality.
Description: Five shorts spanning a century on lives impacted by the Panama Canal. Men, girls and kids who are influenced by the existence of the "Canal", the happening that changed the history of not only a country but the world.
Description: Nacht der Verwandlung (A Night of Change) stars Gustav Froelich as a globe-circling aviator, a hero clearly based on America's Wiley Post. While basking in his celebrity at a nighttime carnival, Froelich romances Rose Stradner, the unhappy wife of brutish Heinrich George. When George refuses to give Stradner her freedom, she takes it anyway, but her fling with Froelich is doomed to disappointment. Our character learns the difficult method that one can be in a teeming crowd, yet still be all alone. Leading lady Stradner soon resettled in Hollywood, where she appeared in such movies as The Last Gangster and Keys to the Kingdom.
Description: Due to excessive rainfall, the Land van Maas en Waal is threatened with flooding. Whereas all villagers have been evacuated, stoic old Jacoba refuses to vacate her tiny house on the dyke. Filled with a longing for death, she sits and waits for the dykes to give way. She kills time by listening to the radio alerts, by reading the Bible and by praying to God to hurry up. Until she is disturbed by the comeback of her 12-year-old granddaughter Fleur, who foils her plan. Gradually, the movie unravels the reason for the old woman's peculiar behaviour, at the bottom of which lie indigestable past events. Despite attempts to receive rid of Fleur, the unyielding woman is determined not to abandon her grandma. The confrontation with her grandchild forces the elderly lady to reconsider her intention.
So far we have had fairly mediocre movies from Adelphi movies on DVD. Actually that there is at last a minor masterpiece from that studio I wonder if it will reach a purchasing public. Yes, you can see it on the BFI user for gratis but has it crossed BFI minds that this deserves a public that is willing to purchase it and own it? I think they also have other decent Adelphi movie named 'Intimate Relations' which is an English ver of Jean Cocteau's 'Les Parents Terribles'. There is a rumour that it is not very good, but it does have a nice script with nice credentials as the enjoy upon which both movies of it that have been made is excellent. Surely it deserves a possibility for the public to decide. And so could the public decide and be able to own this ver of the Poe story. The spare visuals are excellent, with a reasonable performance from Stanley Baker. He hams a bit, but then that has in my opinion everytime been his problem. But as movie this is very nice indeed, and its camera movements reminded me of Carl Dreyer at his most ominous. The movie gotta have cost peanuts, but then so did some of Dreyer's greatest films. It has the same haunting close up style that makes 'Gertrud' such a nice film. Adelphi certainly succeeded with this one and along with 'Intimate Relations' please allow us see what they can do with serious topics matter and first class source material.


1. find the average of first 40 natural numbers?
2. A train 100 metres long takes 6 seconds to cross a man walking at 5 kmph in the direction opposite to that of the train. Find the speed of the train.?
3. In a game of 80 points; A can give B 5 points and C 15 points. Then how many points B can give C in a game of 60 ?
4. A and B can do a piece of work in 18 days; Band C can do it in 24 days A and C can do it in 36 days. In how many days will A, Band C finish it together and separately?
number is 4 : 1.If the digit in the unit's place is 3 more than the digit in the ten’s place, what is the number?
8. If the a radio is sold for rs 490 and sold for rs 465.50.find loss%.
Question (9-10) Choose the word that best completes the analogy.
11. In the question below, there is a sentence of which some parts have been jumbled up. Rearrange these parts which are labelled P, Q, R and S to produce the correct sentence. Choose the proper sequence.
12. Choose the word which best expresses the meaning of the given word.
13. choose the word which is the exact OPPOSITE of the given words.
14. Each question consist of two words which have a certain relationship to each other followed by four pairs of related words, Select the pair which has the same relationship.
15. question has an underlined word followed by four answer choices. You will choose the word that is a necessary part of the underlined word.
16. Fill the blank in the middle of the series or end of the series.
17. Find the statement that must be true according to the given information.
18. The question presents a situation and asks you to make a judgment regarding that particular circumstance. Choose an answer based on given information.


What kind of features will I have access to if I log in to the Shadaloo C.R.I.?
The following features will be available upon logging in.
- Profile: View your player information, such as character level, player level, league, league points, who you are following/is following you, and info on past battles.
- Search Fighter: Search for other players' information using their Fighter's ID.
- Rankings: View the worldwide LP player rankings (only the top 10,000 will be shown).
- Frame Data: View the frame data chart for each character.
What do I need in order to log into the Shadaloo C.R.I.?
To log into the Shadaloo C.R.I., you will need the online ID (PS4) or Steam account to which your Fighter's ID is registered.
How do I log into the Shadaloo C.R.I.?
Log in from "Log In" in the right-hand menu of the Shadaloo C.R.I. Afterwards, enter the online ID (PS4) or Steam account to which your Fighter's ID is registered, and you will be logged in.
I entered all the necessary information, but I can't log in.
If you've followed the steps outlined in "How do I log into the Shadaloo C.R.I.?" and still cannot log in, please double-check the following possible causes.
- There is a mistake in the online ID (PS4) or Steam account.
- There is no Fighter's ID connected to the online ID or Steam account that was given.
Please double-check your online ID and Steam account information, and try again.
I want to change who I'm logged in as.
Log out from the Shadaloo C.R.I. by clicking on "Log Out" on the right-side menu. Then log in with a new online ID (PS4) or Steam account.
What do "Respect" and "Rival" mean within the profile?
Respect: The player whom you respect and admire.
Rival: The player you have a rivalry with - you do not want to lose to them.
Respect: Displays the number of players who are following you out of respect.
Rival: Displays the number of players who are following you as a rival.
Note: You can only register one player each as Respect/Rival. If you wish to change your settings, you will have to first remove the player from the list, and then perform the registration settings again.
What is my "Title" that's displayed on the profile page?
The title is given to the player based on information such as the total number of days logged into Shadaloo C.R.I., and the player's league points.
Are there any fees for using the services on the Shadaloo C.R.I.?
There's a Fighter ID being displayed on my page that doesn't belong to me.
It's possible that a mistaken online ID or Steam account was input during log in. Try logging out, confirm the online ID or Steam account that is playing Street Fighter V, and log in again with the correct account information.
Note: Check the online ID (PS4) to be used at log in using the following steps.
1. Sign into the PS4 using the user account that is playing Street Fighter V.
2. Select Settings from the function area of the Home screen.
3. From Settings, select PlayStation Network/Account Management -> Account Information -> Sign-In ID (Email Address).
・Create your own, or voluntarily join one.
・Use the Dojo Stage in-game.
・The Dojo ID and emblem of the Dojo you belong to will be displayed in-game.
・Participate in the Dojo Rankings.
Is there anything that's necessary for using the Dojo?
You will have to log into your C.R.I. account.
What should I do in order to create a Dojo?
If you are not already part of a Dojo, click on "Create Dojo" at the upper right, and fill out all the settings to create your own Dojo.
・On the mobile version, you can find "Create Dojo" in the open/close side menu.
・You will automatically become the Master of the Dojo.
・A Dojo ID that has been created cannot be reused.
What is the Dojo Master?
The Master is the representative member of the Dojo.
Note: The person who created the Dojo will automatically become the Master. If the Master leaves the Dojo, a new Master will be chosen from the remaining members. If there are no other remaining members, the Dojo will be disbanded (disbanded Dojo ID's cannot be reused).
If you are not currently a member of any Dojo, use the following 2 methods to look for a Dojo to join. Submit a Join Request, and if approved, you will become a member of that Dojo.
1. Search for a Dojo you want to join from Search Dojo at the top right of the screen, and submit a Join Request.
2. Select All Dojo Rankings from the top right of the screen, and submit a Join Request to a Dojo of your choosing.
・On the mobile version, you can find "Search Dojo" and "All Dojo Rankings" in the open/close side menu.
・If you submit a Join Request to a Dojo that requires the Master's acceptance, your request will be in a pending status until the Master approves it.
・ You will not be able to submit a Join Request if the Dojo is not accepting them.
How do I leave a Dojo?
From the left-side menu, select Settings -> Dojo Management -> Leave to leave the Dojo.
・If the person leaving is the Dojo Master, a new Master will be chosen from the remaining members.
・If there are no other remaining members, the Dojo will be disbanded (disbanded Dojo ID's cannot be reused).・You must wait at least 5 minutes after leaving a Dojo before you can join a new one.
How can the Dojo Master expel a member?
From the left-side menu, select Settings -> Dojo Management -> Expel, then select the member you want to have expelled from the Dojo.
・Only Dojo Masters can expel members.
・An expelled member can submit a Join Request to a new Dojo after 5 minutes have elapsed.
I want to join a Dojo other than my current Dojo.
In order to change Dojos, you will have to first leave your current Dojo, and then submit a Join Request to the new Dojo.
・See "How do I join a Dojo?" for joining a Dojo.
・See "How do I leave a Dojo?" for leaving a Dojo.
What is the maximum number of members that a Dojo can have?
The maximum number of members is 100. However individual Dojo settings can be voluntarily set to a lower number.
How do I communicate with Dojo members?
Go to Settings -> Dojo Settings -> Communication from the left menu to select your communications options.
You can link your Twitter account using the "Twitter Link" button, found under your name on your My Dojo page.
Note: Only displayed if you have a Twitter account linked. Linked account information is not updated automatically if you change your Twitter ID. Please unlink the old ID, then link the new one.
How do I delete my Twitter account link?
Click on the Settings icon -> Delete next to your Twitter user name under your name on the My Dojo page to delete the Twitter account link.
I changed my Twitter @username, but the Dojo screen still shows the old name.
The C.R.I. does not automatically update Twitter username settings, so you will have to update these settings yourself. Click on the Settings icon -> Update next to your Twitter user name under your name on the My Dojo page to update your Twitter username.
What are Dojo Points (DP)?
Dojo Points are accumulated automatically as you play Arcade Mode, Survival Mode, Extra Battle, Ranked Matches, Casual Matches, and the Battle Lounge in SFV. With Dojo Points, the Dojo you are a member of can compete in the Dojo Rankings.
Note: Dojo Points are calculated internally, and cannot be viewed.
Note: The total DP of all Dojo members will be calculated, and that Dojo's total points will be used to determine the Dojo's ranking.
How do I customize my Dojo?
Follow the steps below to customize your Dojo state using the Dojo objects you own.
1. Select "Customize Dojo" from the left menu.
2. Select a Dojo Object from the ones displayed below, and drag it up to the Dojo stage above.
3. Click on "Implement" to reflect the changes in-game.
Your customized Dojo stage will be reflected on your Dojo stage in game. Including the Master, no other Dojo members can change your customized Dojo content.
・You can save up to 10 different arrangements by saving them to My Set.
・If both players select the Dojo stage, the Dojo stage for 1P will be used.
These are objects that can be arranged in your Dojo stage.
How do I obtain Dojo Objects?
・In game content, and through Menat's Fighting Chance.
・As a reward through Dojo Rankings.
Note: You can view your Objects through Dojo Objects from the left menu.
You can show the appeal of your Dojo by using a flyer. Flyers can be created by the Dojo Master, and your Dojo's flyer will be displayed at the top right of the Dojo screen. Click on it to enlarge the image.
If there's a Twitter account linked with your Dojo, you can Tweet out your flyer as well.
Select Settings -> Flyer Settings from the left menu.
Note: Only the Dojo Master can edit flyers.


This article is about the company named 'Y Combinator'. For the combinator called 'Y' in the theory of computation, see Fixed-point combinator § Fixed point combinators in lambda calculus.
Paul Graham, Jessica Livingston, Robert Morris, Trevor Blackwell, Sam Altman, Paul Buchheit, Dalton Caldwell, Kate Courteau, Jared Friedman, Kevin Hale, Aaron Harris, Justin Kan, Carolynn Levy, Jon Levy, Kat Manalac, Kirsty Nathoo, Geoff Ralston, Michael Seibel, Qasar Younis, Brian Chesky, Adora Cheung, Patrick Collison, Drew Houston, David Rusenko, Emmett Shear, Ilya Sukhar, Joe Gebbia, Elizabeth Iorns, Andrew Mason, Peter Thiel, Ben Silbermann, Anne Wojcicki.
Y Combinator is an American seed accelerator, started in March 2005. Fast Company has called YC "the world's most powerful start-up incubator". Fortune has called Y Combinator "a spawning ground for emerging tech giants".
In its main program, Y Combinator interviews and selects two batches of companies per year. The companies receive seed money, advice, and connections in exchange for 7% equity. The program includes "office hours", where startup founders meet individually and in groups with Y Combinator partners for advice. Founders also participate in weekly dinners where guests from the Silicon Valley ecosystem (successful entrepreneurs, venture capitalists, etc.) speak to the founders.
Y Combinator’s motto is "Make Something People Want." The program aims to focus the founders on further developing their product, team and market, refining their business model, achieving product/market fit, and scaling the startup into a high growth business, etc. The program culminates at Demo Day where startups present their business to a selected audience of investors.
As of 2016, Y Combinator had invested in ~940 companies including Dropbox, Airbnb, Coinbase, Stripe, Reddit, Zenefits, BuildZoom, Instacart, Twitch.tv, Machine Zone, Weebly, Paribus, Chinese startup Raven Tech, and the combined market capitalization of YC companies was over $65B.
Non-profit organizations can also participate in the main YC program.
In July 2015, Y Combinator introduced the YC Fellowship Program, aimed at companies at an earlier stage than the main program.
In October 2015, Y Combinator introduced the YC Continuity Fund. The fund allows Y Combinator to make pro rata investments in their alumni companies with valuations under $300 million. Y Combinator will also consider leading or participating in later stage growth financing rounds for YC companies.
In October 2015 YC introduced YC Research, to fund long-term fundamental research. YC President Sam Altman donated $10m.
Y Combinator was started in 2005 by Paul Graham, Jessica Livingston, Trevor Blackwell and Robert Tappan Morris. From 2005 to 2008 one program was held in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and one was held in Mountain View, California. In January 2009, Y Combinator announced that the Cambridge program would be closed and all future programs would take place in Silicon Valley.
In 2009, Sequoia Capital led the $2 million investment round into an entity of Y Combinator which would allow the company to invest in approximately 60 companies a year as opposed to their previous 40 companies a year. The following year, Sequoia led a $8.25 million funding round for Y Combinator to further increase the number of startups the company could fund.
Late in 2014, Sam Altman announced a partnership with Transcriptic to provide increased support for Y Combinator's growing community of biotech companies. Then in 2015, he announced a partnership with Bolt and increased support for hardware companies.
On 11 August 2016, YC announced that YC partners will be visiting 11 countries this fall to meet with founders and learn more about how we can be helpful to international startup communities. These 11 countries are Nigeria, Denmark, Portugal, Sweden, Germany, Russia, Argentina, Chile, Mexico, Israel, and India.
In September 2016, Y Combinator announced shuffling the deck at the Mountain View startup accelerator again, with Altman announcing that he will now be president of YC Group, which includes Y Combinator, the YC Continuity fund that was launched last October and the YC Research "moon shot" program. Ali Rowghani, Twitter's former chief financial officer and chief operating officer who was put in charge of the YC Continuity Fund when it started, is now CEO of YC Continuity. Michael Seibel, who co-founded Justin.tv, is the new CEO of YC Core, the program that Paul Buchheit has run since earlier this year.
Y Combinator was founded in March 2005 by Paul Graham and Jessica Livingston as well as Robert Morris and Trevor Blackwell, with whom Paul had previously co-founded Viaweb.
In January 2015 it was announced that Paul Buchheit would be named managing partner for Y Combinator's core program and Kevin Hale would be the managing partner for the Fellowship.
As of February 2015, additional Y Combinator partners are Dalton Caldwell, founder of imeem and app.net; Jared Friedman, founder of Scribd; Kevin Hale, cofounder of Wufoo; Aaron Harris, cofounder of Tutorspree; Justin Kan, cofounder of Exec, Twitch.tv and Justin.tv; Attorneys Carolynn Levy and Jon Levy; Kat Manalac; Kirsty Nathoo; Geoff Ralston, creator of Rocketmail; Michael Seibel, cofounder of Socialcam; and Qasar Younis, cofounder of Talkbin. Ali Rowghani is the managing partner of YC Continuity.
The YC Fellowship Program was announced in July 2015, with the goal of funding companies at the idea or prototype stage. The first batch of YC Fellowship included 32 companies that received an equity-free grant instead of an investment.
In January 2016 Y Combinator announced version 2 of the program, with participating companies receiving $20k investment for an 1.5% equity stake. The equity stake is structured as a convertible security that only converts into shares if a company has an IPO, or a funding event or acquisition that values the company at $100m or more. The YC Fellowship was short lived, however, as in September of 2016 new CEO Sam Altman announced that the fellowship will be discontinued. Altman plans to replace the Fellowship with a MOOC, or Massive Online Open Course, in 2017.
YC Research was announced in October 2015. It is a nonprofit research lab focused on work that requires a very long time horizon, seeks to answer very open-ended questions, or develops technology that shouldn’t be owned by any one company. Researchers are paid as full-time employees and can receive equity in Y Combinator. OpenAI was the first project undertaken by YC Research, and in January 2016 a second study on basic income was also announced.
Jump up ^ "The Y Combinator Chronicles". Fast Company.
Jump up ^ Rao, Leena (2015-08-26). "Meet Y Combinator's New COO". Fortune. Retrieved 2016-02-08.
Jump up ^ Altman, Sam. "The New Deal". Y Combinator. Retrieved 22 April 2014.
Jump up ^ Graham, Paul (April 2008). "Be Good". PaulGraham.com. Retrieved 8 February 2016.
Jump up ^ Graham, Paul (June 2014). "What happens at YC". Y Combinator. Retrieved 8 May 2013.
Jump up ^ Kumparak, Greg; Wilhelm, Alex; Russell, Kyle (March 23, 2015). "Here Are The Companies That Presented At Y Combinator Demo Day 1". TechCrunch. Retrieved 2016-03-18.
^ Jump up to: a b Altman, Sam (August 26, 2015). "YC Stats". Y Combinator. Retrieved August 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ Graham, Paul (September 2013). "YC Will Now Fund Nonprofits Too". Y Combinator. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Loizos, Connie (July 20, 2015). "Y Combinator Just Introduced a New Program to Reach Up to "1,000" Companies Per Year". TechCrunch. Retrieved July 21, 2015.
Jump up ^ Altman, Sam (October 15, 2015). "YC Continuity". Y Combinator. Retrieved February 8, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Altman, Sam (October 7, 2015). "YC Research". Y Combinator Posthaven. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
Jump up ^ Graham, Paul (March 15, 2012). "How Y Combinator Started". Y Combinator. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
Jump up ^ Graham, Paul (January 2009). "California Year-Round". Y Combinator. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
Jump up ^ Rao, Leena (21 May 2010). "Y Combinator Closes New $8.25 Million Fund, Sequoia Is Lead Investor". TechCrunch.com. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
Jump up ^ Arrington, Michael (January 28, 2011). "Start Fund: Yuri Milner, SV Angel Offer EVERY New Y Combinator Startup $150k". TechCrunch. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
Jump up ^ Rao, Leena (November 26, 2012). "Y Combinator's YC VC Will Replace The Start Fund; Includes Yuri Milner, Andreessen Horowitz But Offers Less Money". TechCrunch. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Graham, Paul (February 21, 2014). "Sam Altman for President". Y Combinator. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
Jump up ^ Altman, Sam (April 22, 2014). "The New Deal". Y Combinator. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Y Combinator's 'New Deal' for startups: More money, same 7% equity". VentureBeat. Retrieved 2016-11-29.
Jump up ^ Altman, Sam (December 8, 2014). "Transcriptic for YC biotech startups". Y Combinator. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
Jump up ^ Altman, Sam (February 5, 2014). "YC for Hardware". Y Combinator. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
Jump up ^ Manalac, Kat. "YC Office Hours in 11 Countries This Fall". Y Combinator Posthaven. Retrieved 10 September 2016.
Jump up ^ Modgil, Shweta. "YCombinator Is Coming To India This September; Here's Why You Should Be Excited". Inc 42. Retrieved 10 September 2016.
Jump up ^ Schubarth, Cromwell (13 September 2016). "Y Combinator names new leaders as it changes shape again". Silicon Valley Business Journal. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
Jump up ^ Tan, Garry (January 23, 2012). "Welcome Garry and Aaron". Y Combinator Posthaven. Retrieved October 22, 2012.
Jump up ^ Altman, Sam (January 8, 2016). "YC Updates and Additions". Y Combinator. Retrieved February 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "People". Y Combinator. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
Jump up ^ Keys, Patrick (January 24, 2014). "Zidisha Is International Microlending, Immunity Project Is An HIV Vaccine; Two Nonprofits Currently Doing Y Combinator". Y Combinator Universe. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Fellowship V2". Y Combinator Posthaven. Retrieved 2016-01-27.
Jump up ^ Kolodny, Lora (September 13, 2016). "With a new CEO, Y Combinator will wind down fellowships and start a MOOC". TechCrunch. Retrieved December 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ Yeung, Ken. "Sam Altman commits $10M to start Y Combinator research lab". VentureBeat.
Jump up ^ Newton, Casey (7 October 2015). "Y Combinator is launching its own in-house moonshot group". The Verge. Vox Media.
Jump up ^ "YCR is a non-profit research lab". Y Combinator Research. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
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A chilling video has emerged of the time leading up to the killing of Michael and Marjorie Cawdery - the elderly couple stabbed to death in their Portadown home last year.
The video shows the couple's killer - Thomas Scott McEntee - entering a car and attempting to enter a property in the area before being seen off by a neighbour and his dog.
The 41-year old killer - who is originally from Moorfield Court in Kilkeel - last month admitted killing the couple and was sentenced to a minimum of ten years in prison.
He was originally charged with murdering Michael and Marjorie Cawdery last May but admitted to their manslaughter on the grounds of diminished responsibility.
The couple, who were both 83, died in their Upper Ramone Park home in Portadown on May 26 last year.
The family have said the 10-year sentence handed to the killer was “totally inadequate”.McEntee used six knifes to kill the pensioners.
The family of Michael and Marjorie Cawdery.
He was handed a life sentence earlier this month and was told he will serve a minimum of 10 years in prison for the double killing.
Speaking outside Belfast Crown Court after the hearing, Mr and Mrs Cawdery’s son-in-law Charles Little said that while the family welcomed the life sentence, they were extremely unhappy with the minimum tariff.
McEntee – who at the time was living at a hostel in Kilkeel – has since been diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia. He admitted two counts of manslaughter on the ground of diminished responsibility.
Mr Justice Colton said that while he accepted McEntee was in an “extremely disturbed mental state” and was “actively psychotic” when he carried out the knife attack, he told the court “it must be remembered that we are dealing here with a double killing”.
The Cawdery family attended the sentencing at Belfast Crown Court, where they heard the judge describe the fatal knife attack on the elderly couple as “gratuitous”.
In his sentencing remarks, the judge spoke of the effect the “tragic and traumatic” death has had on the family circle.
Also noted by the judge was McEntee’s behaviour in the run-up to the double killing on May 26 last year, which included him being found naked in the grounds of Daisy Hill Hospital, being taken by ambulance to Craigavon Area Hospital, and leaving before a full assessment had taken place.
Hours later, he broke into Mr and Mrs Cawdery’s home and killed them using six knifes.
In the aftermath of the double killing, he dressed in Mr Cawdery’s clothes and stole their car which he then crashed into two other vehicles.
McEntee was arrested later that day standing in a field surrounded by cattle.
Mr Justice Colton noted that McEntee had a “horrific upbringing” which included a history of hospital admissions, alcoholism, and non-engagement with mental health services.
He also revealed to the court that when discussing the deaths of Mr and Mrs Cawdery with the Probation Service, McEntee was “calm and unemotional” – but recognised the grief and distress he caused.
McEntee – who has been housed at the secure Shannon Unit in Knockbracken in Belfast for several months – was told he will serve a minimum of 10 years in prison for the manslaughter of the couple.
The Cawderys’ son-in-law Mr Little has called for an inquest into the double killing, accusing the Southern Trust of failing both McEntee, and in turn Mr and Mrs Cawdery.
He said: “Mike and Majorie were wonderful people.
“They were very much loved by the family, by all who knew them.
“Their lives were of great value.
“The judge quite rightly has imposed a life sentence and we welcome that – but we do think that the minimum tariff of 10 years is totally inadequate.
“Having said all that, we are very much aware that Thomas McEntee was ill, and that had to be taken into consideration.
Mr Little added: “There are questions that now must be answered, and we need an inquest.
Also speaking after the sentencing was Shane Devlin, chief executive of the Southern Health and Social Care Trust.
Extending his sympathies to the Cawdery family, Mr Devlin continued: “We as a Trust will look at what we need to do to understand whether there were opportunities that could have been taken which may have had an impact on the tragic events of that day.


Eric Abramovitz's hard work had paid off: The accomplished clarinet player had been accepted to his dream school. But he never got to hear the good news.
That's because when his acceptance email arrived in 2014, Abramovitz's then-girlfriend, Jennifer Lee, deleted it and sent him a fake rejection email from the school. It was a $265,000 mistake.
"It was really devastating to feel that incredible betrayal," Abramovitz told CNN. "It made me think of our whole relationship and it made me feel like everything might have been a lie."
A college sophomore studying music at McGill University at the time, Abramovitz had applied to a two-year, full-scholarship program to finish his bachelor's degree at Colburn Conservatory of Music in Los Angeles. Itching to study with a renowned clarinet teacher, Abramovitz spent many late nights in practice rooms to prepare for his audition, which he thought went well.
The full scholarship -- which includes tuition, room and board -- is worth about $50,000 a year and Abramovitz said graduating from Colburn would have set him up for a high-paying symphony career. When he was rejected, Abramovitz said he was crushed.
"It was a disappointing feeling," Abramovitz said. "I had such high hopes."
Abramovitz would have studied under Yehuda Gilad, who is considered one of the best clarinet instructors in the world, he said. Gilad accepts only two new students each year at Colburn, and Abramovitz was one of them.
This Wednesday, a Canadian court ruled that Abramovitz's ex-girlfriend owed him more than $265,000 (350,000 Canadian dollars) for damages including loss of reputation, educational opportunity and two years of potential income. Roughly US$37,000 of that final amount was added on by the judge for Lee's "despicable interference" in Abramovitz's career.
To convince Abramovitz that Colburn had rejected him, his girlfriend posed as Abramovitz and replied to the school's acceptance email, writing that he would not accept the scholarship because he planned to "be elsewhere." Then she deleted the acceptance email from Abramovitz's inbox.
Lee went one step further, creating a fake email address for Yehuda Gilad: giladyehuda09@gmail.com, and sending Abramovitz a rejection email that offered him a spot at the University of Southern California with a $5,000 scholarship instead. Tuition at USC is more than $50,000, a price Abramovitz said his girlfriend would have known he could not afford.
"It still puzzles me why she even added that," Abramovitz said. "She knew it wouldn't be realistic, so I had to turn that down even though it wasn't real."
Defeated, Abramovitz completed his studies at McGill. He and Lee broke up a few months later for unrelated reasons, he said.
Fast forward two years to 2016, when Abramovitz auditioned for a graduate program at USC, where Gilad also teaches. Abramovitz still had no idea his rejection from Colburn was fake. Each man thought they had been rejected by the other.
Abramovitz described a confusing scene at his USC audition in which Gilad asked why he was there, because he had rejected Colburn, and in turn, his instruction.
"With all due respect, I believe you rejected me," Abramovitz said he told Gilad.
He said Gilad repeated that it had been the other way around. Abramovitz figured Gilad was confusing him with another student.
It wasn't until Abramovitz's classmates asked why he had rejected the Colburn offer that he began to think something was fishy. He went back through his emails and forwarded the rejection he had received in 2014 to Gilad, who said he had never written it.
"I knew I'd been had, but I was still far from knowing by who," Abramovitz said.
His friends became involved in the case and suggested his ex-girlfriend might have played a role.
"It was scary to even confront that thought given how much I trusted her, but over time it started to sink in and I became more and more suspicious that maybe she had done it, as unpleasant as it was to imagine," Abramovitz said.
Abramovitz tested some of his ex's old passwords to sign into the account that sent the rejection email two years earlier, and that's when the pieces started coming together. The account's recovery information was his girlfriend's email and phone number.
"It was a simultaneous stab to the back and the heart," Abramovitz said. "It really was the last person I would have wanted to find out it was."
When served with the initial lawsuit, Lee did not respond to Abramovitz's lawyers, so she lost by default. Under Canadian law, a defendant in default "is deemed to admit the truth of all allegations of fact" made in the plaintiff's claim.
CNN made attempts to locate Lee, but she could not be reached for comment.
The process was long, Abramovitz said, but he hasn't let the experience affect the way he trusts people.
Today, Abramovitz has a new girlfriend.
"We are coming up on two years soon and it is a really healthy relationship with trust and honesty," Abramovitz said. "I'd like to think my judgment of character has improved a little bit."
Abramovitz has also found success in his professional life. He won a position with the Nashville Symphony Orchestra and was recently appointed the associate principal clarinetist of the Toronto Symphony Orchestra.
Abramovitz says he doesn't "harbor any ill feelings" towards his former girlfriend and hopes she can learn from the experience and live a more honest life.
"Despite what happened I think I landed on my feet and the trajectory I'm on is still what I wanted for myself," he said.


Finding evidence of alien technology in Smythe's office, the Doctor, Jamie and Zoe make their escape in Lady Jennifer's ambulance, but Smythe gives orders to have them killed.
Susannah Harkeris an English film, television, and theatre actor.
She is the daughter of English actress Polly Adams and actor Richard Owens. She was nominated for a BAFTA TV Award in 1990 for her role as Mattie Storin in House of Cards.
She voiced Clare Keightley in the Web Cast version of Shada.
Harker was also featured in the Big Finish Productions revival of Sapphire & Steel, in which she played Sapphire opposite David Warner as Steel.
Ron Donachie is a Scottish actor.
He is known for his supporting roles in films The Jungle Book, Titanic and television series Game of Thrones.
He played a steward in the 2006 Doctor Who story Tooth and Claw.
Donachie was born in Dundee, Scotland as Ronald Eaglesham Porter. He was educated at Madras College, St. Andrews and Glasgow University, from where he graduated in English Literature and Drama in 1979.
His brother, Stewart Porter, is also an actor. Donachie is married to Fiona Biggar, they have two children.
Lois Baxter is a British actress, best known for playing Marie Stanton in Coronation Street from 1976 to 1977, and Lady Caroline in the period drama When the Boat Comes In.
Other appearances include: The Black Stuff, Spyder's Web, Within These Walls, Hadleigh, Z-Cars, Doctor Who (in the serial The Androids of Tara), Dickens of London, All Creatures Great and Small, Bergerac, Dempsey & Makepeace, Holby City and The Bill. She has guest-starred in the audio dramas Sapphire and Steel: Cruel Immortality, Circular Time and The Adolescence of Time.
Baxter was born in Bridgwater, Somerset, the daughter of Dr John Baxter and Christine D Baxter (née Arkens). The family later moved to Worthen in Shropshire where John was a General Practitioner for many years. Lois attended Shrewsbury High School from 1951-1959 when she left for boarding school.
Harry Fielder (sometimes credited as Harry Aitch Fielder) (born in Islington,London) is an English actor and supporting artist who has worked extensively in British films and television since the 1960s.
Despite being based entirely in Britain, Fielder has appeared in a large number of American films, due to filming taking place partly or entirely in Britain. His film credits include Star Wars: A New Hope, McVicar, Highlander andOliver!.
Fielder has appeared in a wide range of TV shows including Doctor Who, Blake's 7,Shoestring, The Sweeney, Minder and The Professionals.
Fielder co-presented CBTV, a Thames TVprogramme for younger viewers, in the 1980s where he played the Security Guard, Harry, who Jim Sweeney and Steve Steen would have to sneak past on the gates of Teddington Studios.
Gareth Gwenlan is a British television producer, best known for his work on shows such as The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin, To the Manor Born, Only Fools and Horses, and High Hopes.
He was Assistant Floor Manager for the Doctor Who stories The Savages and The Underwater Menace, and Production Assistant for The Web of Fear.
In 1983 he was appointed Head of Comedy for BBC.
Donald Cotton was a writer for radio and television during the black and white era. He also wrote numerous musical comedys for the stage.
Cotton's scripts for the BBC Third Programme include Echo and Narcissus (1959), The Golden Fleece and Stereologue (both 1962) and The Tragedy of Phaethon (1965, described as a comedy despite the name). In 1960, he introduced Voices in the Air, a programme whose script included work not only by Cotton but also by other notable contributors including Harold Pinter, John Betjeman, Michael Flanders, Antony Hopkins, N. F. Simpson, Donald Swann, and Sandy Wilson.After helping to create Adam Adamant Lives!, Donald Cotton mainly confined his attention to writing and performing for the stage, although he would also become a novelist and columnist. He helped Tony Snell write the satirical 1968 album Medieval & Latter Day Lays, also known as Englishman Abroad. In the Eighties, Cotton novelised both his Doctor Who serials as well as The Romans for Target Books. All three rank as the most comedic and possibly the most unusual in the book range, being told in the first person and from a broadly humorous standpoint. He also wrote a novel called Bodkin Papers in 1986.
Graham Ashley played the Overseer in the 1967 Doctor Who story The Underwater Menace.
He was well know on British television appearing in early series's of Grange Hill. He later played Gold Five in Episode IV of Star Wars.
Derek Waring started playing DI Neil Goss in 1969, in the police drama Z-Cars and continued in this role for 215 episodes until 1973. Following Z-Cars he played Roland Moody in Moody and Pegg. Later in the 1970s, Waring appeared in programmes such as Murder Most English, Crown Court, The New Avengers, Two's Company and George and Mildred. In 1980, he played Harry Somers in the Scottish soap opera Take the High Road. During the 1980s he appeared on screen in The Enigma Files, Never the Twain and The Professionals. In 1982, he appeared as Shardovan in the third and fourth parts of the Doctor Who serial "Castrovalva".
He was a member of the Royal Shakespeare Company and appeared in many productions including War of the Roses. In the West End he appeared in Cowardy Custard, Suzie Wong and in the late 1980s The Boy Friend, which was his final West End appearance. On Broadway he played Prince Albert in Portrait of a Queen opposite his wife who played Queen Victoria.
His father was the TV pioneer Wing Commander H.J. Barton-Chapple, who had worked with John Logie Baird.
Donald Eccles was a British character actor.
Eccles was born in Nafferton, Yorkshire the son of Charles Henry and Constance Eccles, his father was doctor. Eccles was educated at Highgate School and then worked in an insurance office.
He made his stage debut in New York City in 1930, and later became known as a member of the Royal Shakespeare Company. His debut in London was in Counsellor at Law in 1934 at the Picadilly. During the second world war he spent six years in the navy.
In 1960, he appeared in his first film, A Taste of Money, and continued to appear in small roles in film and television (such as Mr Justice Vosper in the second series of Rumpole of the Bailey) until his death, in a road accident, in Brighton.
He played Krasis in the Doctor Who story The Time Monster.
Costume Designer on several Tom Baker episodes.
He died after a prolonged battle with MS, and is survived by his wife Norma.
Michael Coles played Ganatus the 1965 film in Dr. Who and the Daleks.
Barry Gray composed the music for the Dalek movies produced in the 1960s and starring Peter Cushing as Dr. Who. Gray is best known for his work composing themes and incidental music for Gerry Anderson's numerous Supermarionation and live-action series, including Stingray, Thunderbirds, Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons, UFO, and the first season of Space: 1999.
Kevin Lindsay was an Australian actor, based in Britain.
He appeared as Cho-Je in Planet of the Spiders as well as playing the first Sontaran to be seen in the series in The Time Warrior. Later he played two more members of this species inThe Sontaran Experiment.
He died from a heart condition.


(Solved) With the genitourinary system and the elderly, there is an increase in __________.
With the genitourinary system and the elderly, there is an increase in __________.
Solved Which of the following is NOT true about the genitourinary system?
Solved The reproductive system is often combined with the urinary system to create the genitourinary system.


Truth be told, it wasn't the premiere. It wasn't even the first time the Boston Symphony Orchestra had programmed the work. But to all intents and purposes, Steve Reich's Four Organs, as well as the composer's brief but fruitful relationship with the conductor Michael Tilson Thomas, was born with a vengeance at New York's Carnegie Hall on January 18, 1973.
From today's standpoint, the outrage of the day is difficult to understand. That 'new' musical style had already been brewing for a decade in New York lofts and San Francisco galleries, and a 1968 recording for Columbia of Terry Riley's In C had already shown its commercial possibilities. That same year, the term 'minimalism' had been borrowed from the visual arts, first by British composer/critic Michael Nyman to describe the music of Cornelius Cardew, and shortly afterwards adapted by Village Voice critic Tom Johnson to address that circle of American composers working with repetitive musical modules (both still lay claim to the term).
So to the minimalist set, circa 1973, Four Organs was already ancient history, the piece having been premiered three years earlier by Reich's own ensemble at New York's Guggenheim Museum. The composer's next piece, Phase Patterns (1971) had even turned up on one of Pierre Boulez's New York Philharmonic new-music programmes at the city's Public Theater, though the event remained a relatively segregated Downtown phenomenon. By the time Four Organs came to Carnegie Hall, the BSO had already performed the piece at home with little reaction, and Reich himself had already pursued grander musical soundscapes with Drumming (1971), his next breakthrough piece.
None of this news seemed to have filtered through to the musical mainstream by 1973, however. Only a few months after the Reich concert at Carnegie Hall, the much younger Times critic John Rockwell would praise a Soho loft performance of Philip Glass's Music in Changing Parts as 'a great night to be in New York'. Glass would soon have his own debut at a conventional uptown classical music venue, with Music in 12 Parts at New York's Town Hall. But for now, Reich came to Carnegie Hall with little fanfare - nor for that matter, with much melody, harmony or conventional notions of musical structure.
How the music got on the Carnegie stage in the first place was due to the programming quirks of Tilson Thomas, then the fast-rising BSO associate conductor who had just started an additional post as music director of the Buffalo Philharmonic. Not since Bernstein had a young conductor so fired the public imagination or attracted such critical backlash. Tilson Thomas had worked at the feet of Boulez, gaining impeccable avant-garde credentials. At the same time, he could wax rhapsodic about Jimi Hendrix and James Brown, the latter of whom, he told Times critic Donal Henahan, was 'the closest thing to genuine Gesamtkunstwerk in the 20th century'.
It was in the BSO's new 'Spectrum' series, inaugurated in 1971, that the young maestro found the forum to enact his more radical notions of programming. After hearing an early tape piece by Reich at a party, Tilson Thomas in a huge leap of faith asked the composer if he had any pieces for orchestra. Reich, who shared the conductor's passions for both Stravinsky and James Brown, had barely written for live instruments, much less a large ensemble; instead, he offered a piece for four Hammond organs and maracas. Tilson Thomas cheekily put it in his first 'Spectrum' programme in 1971 alongside Mozart, Bartók and Liszt.
Boston audiences loved it – or at least went along for the ride agreeably. Two years later at Carnegie Hall, though, it was a different matter. Schonberg, a lifelong critic of pretentious informality as well as the new minimal style, found the concert an affront on both counts. Immediately, he cited the performers in open-necked shirts and conversational presentation as 'Leonard Bernstein at his worst'. As far as Reich's music was concerned, Schonberg added: 'There is really nothing to "understand" in this music. There is really nothing much to like, nothing much to dislike.' And in a way, he had a point. For 21 minutes, while a maraca player kept a steady tempo, four keyboard players (including the composer and the conductor) gradually augmented a single dominant 11th chord from short pulsations to a throbbing, bass-heavy mass of sound before the entire musical wall breaks down. Even by the austere standards of Reich's early process music, Four Organs is, as Schwarz once maintained, 'the ultimate minimal work'.
The audience, however, obviously had their own ideas of what to like and dislike, Critics were heavily divided – Alan Rich of New York magazine found it a 'marvellous, original invention about musical time and rate of change', while Schonberg predictably compared it to 'red-hot needles inserted under fingernails' – but the concert had forcefully put minimalism on the Uptown map. Drawing parallels with Stravinsky's Rite of Spring scandal was de ngueur.
Listening to recordings of Four Organs, which range from the original BSO line-up (appropriately pairing Reich with a two-piano recording of The Rite) to a more recent and surprisingly respectful reading by the Bang On a Can All-Stars, one still senses the music's power to shock. Reich only half-jokingly calls Four Organs his 'punk-rock piece', and the connection does bear some examination. Both minimalism and punk emerged in reaction against similar excesses in their respective musical genres, and both styles had surprisingly brief histories in their pure form. As with the punk era, which in the words of critic James Wolcott 'lasted barely long enough for Sid Vicious to vomit on his shoes', the vitality of minimalism was quickly absorbed into mainstream composition, giving way to a much longer 'post-minimalist' period.
One of the leaders in that new movement was Reich himself, whose musical forces kept expanding until he somehow found himself writing for traditional orchestra. His cantata The Desert Music (1984) superbly harnesses his characteristic rhythmic complexity within a broader sonic framework. Three Movements (1986) is mostly a skilful reworking of Reich's previous ideas for smaller forces on a symphonic canvas, but in The Four Sections (1987), a 'concerto for orchestra' in all but name, the composer reveals a full mastery of the orchestral idiom.
But Reich soon turned away from this period as well, rejecting orchestral commissions on the grounds that 'my orchestra is not Wagner's or Mahier's', and claiming that his music needs the clarity of amplification. Listening to these pieces today, one hears an obvious connection to the mid-'80s works of John Adams, leaving the impression that what Reich was really avoiding was the wave of neo-Romanticism that was soon to wash over the style.
Tilson Thomas's definitive Nonesuch recordings of Reich's orchestral works contain barely a trace of Romantic excess. Instead, rhythmic intensity firmly meets with emotional restraint, not unlike the later works of Stravinsky which the conductor had also explored extensively. Throughout the recordings a palpable connection links composer and conductor, as if the two veterans of their own generation's Rite of Spring were still trading stories from the front lines.


Try easier levels of this lesson: Macedonia - Level 0, Macedonia - Level 1 or Macedonia - Level 2.
The Republic of Macedonia has decided to change its name. It agreed on Friday to rename the country the Republic of North Macedonia. The name change is the result of a 27-year dispute with Greece. Macedonia declared independence in 1991 after the break-up of the former country Yugoslavia. It became a member of the United Nations in 1993, but its name caused an argument with Greece. Greece's largest region is also called Macedonia. The Greek government said it owned the name "Macedonia". Greece blocked its neighbor's attempts to join the EU and NATO over the use of the name "Macedonia". Prime Minister Zoran Zaev said the name change would, "open the doors to the future".
The name change comes after a decade of talks between Macedonia and Greece. Just over 67 per cent of representatives in Macedonia's parliament voted for the name change. Eighty-one MPs voted in favor of the name change in the 120-seat parliament. Opposition politicians, who opposed the agreement with Greece, boycotted the vote. Several hundred people protested against the deal in front of Macedonia's parliament over the past three days. An opposition leader was angry over the talks to change the country's name. He said: "Look how publicly, how openly, this trade is going on with Macedonia's name and identity - just like at a market stall." The next step is for Greece to officially agree to the change.


SANAA: UN envoy Martin Griffiths was preparing yesterday to head to war-torn Yemen to lay the groundwork for peace talks in Sweden, after fresh fighting shook the flashpoint city of Hodeida. Griffiths – whose efforts at kickstarting peace talks failed in September – is again trying to get the Iran-aligned Houthi rebels and the Saudi-backed government to the negotiating table by the end of the year. He is expected to meet with Houthi officials in the capital Sanaa today. Both sides have in the past week expressed their support for the envoy and his mission to hold talks in Stockholm, but fierce clashes erupted in t..
SANAA: UN envoy Martin Griffiths was preparing yesterday to head to war-torn Yemen to lay the groundwork for peace talks in Sweden, after fresh fighting shook the flashpoint city of Hodeida. Griffiths – whose efforts at kickstarting peace talks failed in September – is again trying to get the Iran-aligned Houthi rebels and the Saudi-backed government to the negotiating table by the end of the year. He is expected to meet with Houthi officials in the capital Sanaa today. Both sides have in the past week expressed their support for the envoy and his mission to hold talks in Stockholm, but fierce clashes erupted in the Red Sea city of Hodeida late Monday after a lull.
Military officials said that the battles were the worst since loyalists halted an offensive last week, and were concentrated in the eastern part of the city where rebels fired artillery. Pro-government forces struck back, supported by warplanes from the Saudi-led coalition which launched a dozen raids, the sources said. According to Houthi-run media, clashes lasted up to four hours and resulted in fatalities. The city was relatively calm yesterday morning, according to an AFP correspondent who spoke to residents by telephone from Khokha about 100 kilometers away.
On Monday, Britain presented to the UN Security Council a draft resolution urging an immediate truce in Hodeida city, whose port serves as an entry point to nearly all imports and humanitarian aid to the impoverished country. The draft, circulated by Britain to the 14 other council members and seen by AFP, sets a two-week deadline for the warring sides to remove all barriers to humanitarian aid. The proposed resolution would significantly ratchet up pressure on the Saudi-led coalition and the Houthis to seek a negotiated settlement in Yemen, where millions are on the brink of starvation. It also calls for a large injection of foreign currency into the economy to support Yemen’s collapsing currency and for salaries of civil servants, teachers, and health workers to be paid within a month.
Mohammed Ali Al-Houthi, head of the Houthi rebels’ Higher Revolutionary Committee and an influential political figure, tweeted on Monday that he wanted his group to announce “readiness to suspend and halt all military operations” and stop firing missiles on Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia also lent its support to new talks. Saudi King Salman told the Shura Council, his country’s top advisory body, that Riyadh also backed a “political solution” and a “comprehensive national dialogue” in Yemen. Multiple past attempts to hold negotiations between the government alliance and Houthis have failed. Griffiths said on Monday he hoped the rivals would meet in Sweden “within the next few weeks”. No date has yet been set.
The Houthis have controlled Yemen’s capital Sanaa since capturing it in late 2014, when they also took control of Hodeida and its port. A year later, Saudi Arabia and its allies intervened in the war to bolster Yemeni President Abedrabbo Mansour Hadi.
Both parties in the Yemen conflict stand accused of acts that could amount to war crimes. Human Rights Watch yesterday called on France to address laws-of-war violations with the UAE – a key member of the Saudi-led coalition – during Crown Prince Mohammed bin Zayed Al-Nahyan’s visit to Paris on November 21. “If President (Emmanuel) Macron is truly concerned about the humanitarian crisis in Yemen, he should tell the crown prince that France will stop selling weapons to the UAE if there’s a real risk of their unlawful use,” Benedicte Jeannerod, France director at Human Rights Watch, said in a statement.


Can this be translated as 'I may not be perfect.'?
Would this mean that it's impossible to be perfect? Because I read it as "I may not be perfect, but at least I'm a great driver" = "Może nie jestem idealna, ale przynajmniej jestem świetnym kierowcą".
I wrote, "I am not able to be perfect," but it was rejected. It gave "I cannot be perfect" as the correct answer. These two answers seem to be saying the same thing. What am I missing?
Well, you can get closer to "not being able" by saying "Nie jestem w stanie być [idealny/idealna]", but yeah, that can work. Added.
Especially given the English translation is - I cannot be perfect.
is 'idealna' male? or would that be 'idealny' in this case?
"Nie mogę myśleć o przeszłości."
"Być albo nie być, to jest pytanie."


The task is to make a duplicate key for a 2013 4th generation Immobilizer Volkswagen Tiguan with key chip ID48. The chip key and remote programming is performed by the Lonsdor K518ISE key programmer.
During the procedure, the dashboard will turn black several times, this is normal.
Dashboard turns black, it is normal.
Make sure the EEPROM has been backuped before the opearation is performed.
Take all keys into the car.
All original keys that are not involved in learning will be deleted.
Insert key and turn on ignition switch, after all keys have been replaced, click OK to finish key learning.
Lonsdor K518ISE program 2103 Volkswagen Tiguan ID48 remote key success.


Does meat belong in the bio bin?
May I dispose meat using the organic waste bin? Or does meat always belong in the residual waste?
I'm not sure. On the one hand, meat is organic, on the other hand, I would not think of throwing meat on the compost pile in the garden. Does anyone know where to go with the leftovers of meat?
What is collected with the biowaste, is determined by each town, city or local authority district individually. I looked around the internet a bit and found both: some cities are collecting meat in the bio bin, others explicitly disallow meat from the organic waste.
If you want to be on the safe side, the residual waste is certainly the best choice.
You should never put meat onto your compost in the garden because this can attract rats and other animals. Whether this problem also exists with the biological waste bin, certainly depends on where and how you store your organic waste. If this can also be a problem, please dispose it only in the residual waste bin.
Tip: Meat should be wrapped in newspaper when disposing it to the bio-waste bin, in the residual waste you can also use old plastic or garbage bags. This keeps away smell and bugs.
Do Pepsi, Fanta and Sprite really belong to Coca Cola?


This article is about real estate mortgage lending. For mortgages in general and their legal structure, see Mortgage law. For mortgage loans secured on ships, see Ship mortgage. For other uses, see Mortgage (disambiguation).
A mortgage loan, also referred to as a mortgage, is used by purchasers of real property to raise funds to buy real estate; by existing property owners to raise funds for any purpose while putting a lien on the property being mortgaged. The loan is "secured" on the borrower's property. This means that a legal mechanism is put in place which allows the lender to take possession and sell the secured property ("foreclosure" or "repossession") to pay off the loan in the event that the borrower defaults on the loan or otherwise fails to abide by its terms. The word mortgage is derived from a "Law French" term used by English lawyers in the Middle Ages meaning "death pledge", and refers to the pledge ending (dying) when either the obligation is fulfilled or the property is taken through foreclosure. Mortgage can also be described as "a borrower giving consideration in the form of a collateral for a benefit (loan)."
In many jurisdictions, it is normal for home purchases to be funded by a mortgage loan. Few individuals have enough savings or liquid funds to enable them to purchase property outright. In countries where the demand for home ownership is highest, strong domestic markets for mortgages have developed. An alternative to mortgages that meets the requirements of Sharia (Islamic law), is the Islamic mortgage. Sharia prohibits interest, so Islamic mortgages are structured to avoid it by using other strategies such as markup of the purchase price.
According to Anglo-American property law, a mortgage occurs when an owner (usually of a fee simple interest in realty) pledges his or her interest (right to the property) as security or collateral for a loan. Therefore, a mortgage is an encumbrance (limitation) on the right to the property just as an easement would be, but because most mortgages occur as a condition for new loan money, the word mortgage has become the generic term for a loan secured by such real property. As with other types of loans, mortgages have an interest rate and are scheduled to amortize over a set period of time, typically 30 years. All types of real property can be, and usually are, secured with a mortgage and bear an interest rate that is supposed to reflect the lender's risk.
Mortgage: the security interest of the lender in the property, which may entail restrictions on the use or disposal of the property. Restrictions may include requirements to purchase home insurance and mortgage insurance, or pay off outstanding debt before selling the property.
Completion: legal completion of the mortgage deed, and hence the start of the mortgage.
Redemption: final repayment of the amount outstanding, which may be a "natural redemption" at the end of the scheduled term or a lump sum redemption, typically when the borrower decides to sell the property. A closed mortgage account is said to be "redeemed".
Lenders provide funds against property to earn interest income, and generally borrow these funds themselves (for example, by taking deposits or issuing bonds). The price at which the lenders borrow money therefore affects the cost of borrowing. Lenders may also, in many countries, sell the mortgage loan to other parties who are interested in receiving the stream of cash payments from the borrower, often in the form of a security (by means of a securitization).
Mortgage lending will also take into account the (perceived) riskiness of the mortgage loan, that is, the likelihood that the funds will be repaid (usually considered a function of the creditworthiness of the borrower); that if they are not repaid, the lender will be able to foreclose on the real estate assets; and the financial, interest rate risk and time delays that may be involved in certain circumstances.
Once the mortgage application enters into the final steps, the loan application is moved to a Mortgage Underwriter. The Underwriter verifies the financial information that the applicant has provided to the lender. Verification will be made for the applicant’s credit history and the value of the home being purchased. An appraisal may be ordered. The financial and employment information of the applicant will also be verified. The underwriting may take a few days to a few weeks. Sometimes the underwriting process takes so long that the provided financial statements need to be resubmitted so they are current. It is advisable to maintain the same employment and not to use or open new credit during the underwriting process. Any changes made in the applicant’s credit, employment, or financial information can result in the loan being denied.
The two basic types of amortized loans are the fixed rate mortgage (FRM) and adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) (also known as a floating rate or variable rate mortgage). In some countries, such as the United States, fixed rate mortgages are the norm, but floating rate mortgages are relatively common. Combinations of fixed and floating rate mortgages are also common, whereby a mortgage loan will have a fixed rate for some period, for example the first five years, and vary after the end of that period.
In an adjustable rate mortgage, the interest rate is generally fixed for a period of time, after which it will periodically (for example, annually or monthly) adjust up or down to some market index. Adjustable rates transfer part of the interest rate risk from the lender to the borrower, and thus are widely used where fixed rate funding is difficult to obtain or prohibitively expensive. Since the risk is transferred to the borrower, the initial interest rate may be, for example, 0.5% to 2% lower than the average 30-year fixed rate; the size of the price differential will be related to debt market conditions, including the yield curve.
The charge to the borrower depends upon the credit risk in addition to the interest rate risk. The mortgage origination and underwriting process involves checking credit scores, debt-to-income, downpayments, and assets. Jumbo mortgages and subprime lending are not supported by government guarantees and face higher interest rates. Other innovations described below can affect the rates as well.
Upon making a mortgage loan for the purchase of a property, lenders usually require that the borrower make a down payment; that is, contribute a portion of the cost of the property. This down payment may be expressed as a portion of the value of the property (see below for a definition of this term). The loan to value ratio (or LTV) is the size of the loan against the value of the property. Therefore, a mortgage loan in which the purchaser has made a down payment of 20% has a loan to value ratio of 80%. For loans made against properties that the borrower already owns, the loan to value ratio will be imputed against the estimated value of the property.
The loan to value ratio is considered an important indicator of the riskiness of a mortgage loan: the higher the LTV, the higher the risk that the value of the property (in case of foreclosure) will be insufficient to cover the remaining principal of the loan.
Actual or transaction value: this is usually taken to be the purchase price of the property. If the property is not being purchased at the time of borrowing, this information may not be available.
Appraised or surveyed value: in most jurisdictions, some form of appraisal of the value by a licensed professional is common. There is often a requirement for the lender to obtain an official appraisal.
Estimated value: lenders or other parties may use their own internal estimates, particularly in jurisdictions where no official appraisal procedure exists, but also in some other circumstances.
In most countries, a number of more or less standard measures of creditworthiness may be used. Common measures include payment to income (mortgage payments as a percentage of gross or net income); debt to income (all debt payments, including mortgage payments, as a percentage of income); and various net worth measures. In many countries, credit scores are used in lieu of or to supplement these measures. There will also be requirements for documentation of the creditworthiness, such as income tax returns, pay stubs, etc. the specifics will vary from location to location.
Some lenders may also require a potential borrower have one or more months of "reserve assets" available. In other words, the borrower may be required to show the availability of enough assets to pay for the housing costs (including mortgage, taxes, etc.) for a period of time in the event of the job loss or other loss of income.
Many countries have lower requirements for certain borrowers, or "no-doc" / "low-doc" lending standards that may be acceptable under certain circumstances.
Many countries have a notion of standard or conforming mortgages that define a perceived acceptable level of risk, which may be formal or informal, and may be reinforced by laws, government intervention, or market practice. For example, a standard mortgage may be considered to be one with no more than 70–80% LTV and no more than one-third of gross income going to mortgage debt.
A standard or conforming mortgage is a key concept as it often defines whether or not the mortgage can be easily sold or securitized, or, if non-standard, may affect the price at which it may be sold. In the United States, a conforming mortgage is one which meets the established rules and procedures of the two major government-sponsored entities in the housing finance market (including some legal requirements). In contrast, lenders who decide to make nonconforming loans are exercising a higher risk tolerance and do so knowing that they face more challenge in reselling the loan. Many countries have similar concepts or agencies that define what are "standard" mortgages. Regulated lenders (such as banks) may be subject to limits or higher risk weightings for non-standard mortgages. For example, banks and mortgage brokerages in Canada face restrictions on lending more than 80% of the property value; beyond this level, mortgage insurance is generally required.
In some countries with currencies that tend to depreciate, foreign currency mortgages are common, enabling lenders to lend in a stable foreign currency, whilst the borrower takes on the currency risk that the currency will depreciate and they will therefore need to convert higher amounts of the domestic currency to repay the loan.
In addition to the two standard means of setting the cost of a mortgage loan (fixed at a set interest rate for the term, or variable relative to market interest rates), there are variations in how that cost is paid, and how the loan itself is repaid. Repayment depends on locality, tax laws and prevailing culture. There are also various mortgage repayment structures to suit different types of borrower.
The most common way to repay a secured mortgage loan is to make regular payments toward the principal and interest over a set term. This is commonly referred to as (self) amortization in the U.S. and as a repayment mortgage in the UK. A mortgage is a form of annuity (from the perspective of the lender), and the calculation of the periodic payments is based on the time value of money formulas. Certain details may be specific to different locations: interest may be calculated on the basis of a 360-day year, for example; interest may be compounded daily, yearly, or semi-annually; prepayment penalties may apply; and other factors. There may be legal restrictions on certain matters, and consumer protection laws may specify or prohibit certain practices.
Depending on the size of the loan and the prevailing practice in the country the term may be short (10 years) or long (50 years plus). In the UK and U.S., 25 to 30 years is the usual maximum term (although shorter periods, such as 15-year mortgage loans, are common). Mortgage payments, which are typically made monthly, contain a repayment of the principal and an interest element. The amount going toward the principal in each payment varies throughout the term of the mortgage. In the early years the repayments are mostly interest. Towards the end of the mortgage, payments are mostly for principal. In this way the payment amount determined at outset is calculated to ensure the loan is repaid at a specified date in the future. This gives borrowers assurance that by maintaining repayment the loan will be cleared at a specified date, if the interest rate does not change. Some lenders and 3rd parties offer a bi-weekly mortgage payment program designed to accelerate the payoff of the loan.
is the number of payments; for monthly payments over 30 years, 12 months x 30 years = 360 payments.
The main alternative to a principal and interest mortgage is an interest-only mortgage, where the principal is not repaid throughout the term. This type of mortgage is common in the UK, especially when associated with a regular investment plan. With this arrangement regular contributions are made to a separate investment plan designed to build up a lump sum to repay the mortgage at maturity. This type of arrangement is called an investment-backed mortgage or is often related to the type of plan used: endowment mortgage if an endowment policy is used, similarly a Personal Equity Plan (PEP) mortgage, Individual Savings Account (ISA) mortgage or pension mortgage. Historically, investment-backed mortgages offered various tax advantages over repayment mortgages, although this is no longer the case in the UK. Investment-backed mortgages are seen as higher risk as they are dependent on the investment making sufficient return to clear the debt.
Until recently it was not uncommon for interest only mortgages to be arranged without a repayment vehicle, with the borrower gambling that the property market will rise sufficiently for the loan to be repaid by trading down at retirement (or when rent on the property and inflation combine to surpass the interest rate).
Recent Financial Services Authority guidelines to UK lenders regarding interest-only mortgages has tightened the criteria on new lending on an interest-only basis. The problem for many people has been the fact that no repayment vehicle had been implemented, or the vehicle itself (e.g. endowment/ISA policy) performed poorly and therefore insufficient funds were available to repay balance at the end of the term.
Moving forward, the FSA under the Mortgage Market Review (MMR) have stated there must be strict criteria on the repayment vehicle being used. As such the likes of Nationwide and other lenders have pulled out of the interest-only market.
A resurgence in the equity release market has been the introduction of interest-only lifetime mortgages. Where an interest-only mortgage has a fixed term, an interest-only lifetime mortgage will continue for the rest of the mortgagors life. These schemes have proved of interest to people who do like the roll-up effect (compounding) of interest on traditional equity release schemes. They have also proved beneficial to people who had an interest-only mortgage with no repayment vehicle and now need to settle the loan. These people can now effectively remortgage onto an interest-only lifetime mortgage to maintain continuity.
Interest-only lifetime mortgage schemes are offered by two lenders currently – Stonehaven & more2life. They work by having the options of paying the interest on a monthly basis. By paying off the interest means the balance will remain level for the rest of their life. This market is set to increase as more retirees require finance in retirement.
For older borrowers (typically in retirement), it may be possible to arrange a mortgage where neither the principal nor interest is repaid. The interest is rolled up with the principal, increasing the debt each year.
These arrangements are variously called reverse mortgages, lifetime mortgages or equity release mortgages (referring to home equity), depending on the country. The loans are typically not repaid until the borrowers are deceased, hence the age restriction.
Through the Federal Housing Administration, the U.S. government insures reverse mortgages via a program called the HECM (Home Equity Conversion Mortgage). Unlike standard mortgages (where the entire loan amount is typically disbursed at the time of loan closing) the HECM program allows the homeowner to receive funds in a variety of ways: as a one time lump sum payment; as a monthly tenure payment which continues until the borrower dies or moves out of the house permanently; as a monthly payment over a defined period of time; or as a credit line.
For further details, see equity release.
In the U.S. a partial amortization or balloon loan is one where the amount of monthly payments due are calculated (amortized) over a certain term, but the outstanding balance on the principal is due at some point short of that term. In the UK, a partial repayment mortgage is quite common, especially where the original mortgage was investment-backed.
Graduated payment mortgage loan have increasing costs over time and are geared to young borrowers who expect wage increases over time. Balloon payment mortgages have only partial amortization, meaning that amount of monthly payments due are calculated (amortized) over a certain term, but the outstanding principal balance is due at some point short of that term, and at the end of the term a balloon payment is due. When interest rates are high relative to the rate on an existing seller's loan, the buyer can consider assuming the seller's mortgage. A wraparound mortgage is a form of seller financing that can make it easier for a seller to sell a property. A biweekly mortgage has payments made every two weeks instead of monthly.
Budget loans include taxes and insurance in the mortgage payment; package loans add the costs of furnishings and other personal property to the mortgage. Buydown mortgages allow the seller or lender to pay something similar to points to reduce interest rate and encourage buyers. Homeowners can also take out equity loans in which they receive cash for a mortgage debt on their house. Shared appreciation mortgages are a form of equity release. In the US, foreign nationals due to their unique situation face Foreign National mortgage conditions.
Flexible mortgages allow for more freedom by the borrower to skip payments or prepay. Offset mortgages allow deposits to be counted against the mortgage loan. In the UK there is also the endowment mortgage where the borrowers pay interest while the principal is paid with a life insurance policy.
Commercial mortgages typically have different interest rates, risks, and contracts than personal loans. Participation mortgages allow multiple investors to share in a loan. Builders may take out blanket loans which cover several properties at once. Bridge loans may be used as temporary financing pending a longer-term loan. Hard money loans provide financing in exchange for the mortgaging of real estate collateral.
In most jurisdictions, a lender may foreclose the mortgaged property if certain conditions occur – principally, non-payment of the mortgage loan. Subject to local legal requirements, the property may then be sold. Any amounts received from the sale (net of costs) are applied to the original debt. In some jurisdictions, mortgage loans are non-recourse loans: if the funds recouped from sale of the mortgaged property are insufficient to cover the outstanding debt, the lender may not have recourse to the borrower after foreclosure. In other jurisdictions, the borrower remains responsible for any remaining debt.
In virtually all jurisdictions, specific procedures for foreclosure and sale of the mortgaged property apply, and may be tightly regulated by the relevant government. There are strict or judicial foreclosures and non-judicial foreclosures, also known as power of sale foreclosures. In some jurisdictions, foreclosure and sale can occur quite rapidly, while in others, foreclosure may take many months or even years. In many countries, the ability of lenders to foreclose is extremely limited, and mortgage market development has been notably slower.
A study issued by the UN Economic Commission for Europe compared German, US, and Danish mortgage systems. The German Bausparkassen have reported nominal interest rates of approximately 6 per cent per annum in the last 40 years (as of 2004). In addition, they charge administration and service fees (about 1.5 per cent of the loan amount). However, in the United States, the average interest rates for fixed-rate mortgages in the housing market started in the tens and twenties in the 1980s and have (as of 2004) reached about 6 per cent per annum. However, gross borrowing costs are substantially higher than the nominal interest rate and amounted for the last 30 years to 10.46 per cent. In Denmark, similar to the United States mortgage market, interest rates have fallen to 6 per cent per annum. A risk and administration fee amounts to 0.5 per cent of the outstanding debt. In addition, an acquisition fee is charged which amounts to one per cent of the principal.
The mortgage industry of the United States is a major financial sector. The federal government created several programs, or government sponsored entities, to foster mortgage lending, construction and encourage home ownership. These programs include the Government National Mortgage Association (known as Ginnie Mae), the Federal National Mortgage Association (known as Fannie Mae) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (known as Freddie Mac).
The US mortgage sector has been the center of major financial crises over the last century. Unsound lending practices resulted in the National Mortgage Crisis of the 1930s, the savings and loan crisis of the 1980s and 1990s and the subprime mortgage crisis of 2007 which led to the 2010 foreclosure crisis.
In the United States, the mortgage loan involves two separate documents: the mortgage note (a promissory note) and the security interest evidenced by the "mortgage" document; generally, the two are assigned together, but if they are split traditionally the holder of the note and not the mortgage has the right to foreclose. For example, Fannie Mae promulgates a standard form contract Multistate Fixed-Rate Note 3200 and also separate security instrument mortgage forms which vary by state.
In Canada, the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) is the country's national housing agency, providing mortgage loan insurance, mortgage-backed securities, housing policy and programs, and housing research to Canadians. It was created by the federal government in 1946 to address the country's post-war housing shortage, and to help Canadians achieve their homeownership goals.
The most common mortgage in Canada is the five-year fixed-rate closed mortgage, as opposed to the U.S. where the most common type is the 30-year fixed-rate open mortgage. Throughout the financial crisis and the ensuing recession, Canada’s mortgage market continued to function well, partly due to the residential mortgage market's policy framework, which includes an effective regulatory and supervisory regime that applies to most lenders. Since the crisis however, the low interest rate environment that as arisen has contributed to a significant increases in mortgage debt in the country.
In April 2014, the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (OSFI) released guidelines for mortgage insurance providers aimed at tightening standards around underwriting and risk management. In a statement, the OSFI has stated that the guideline will “provide clarity about best practices in respect of residential mortgage insurance underwriting, which contribute to a stable financial system.” This comes after several years of federal government scrutiny over the CMHC, with former Finance Minister Jim Flaherty musing publicly as far back as 2012 about privatizing the Crown corporation.
The mortgage industry of the United Kingdom has traditionally been dominated by building societies, but from the 1970s the share of the new mortgage loans market held by building societies has declined substantially. Between 1977 and 1987, the share fell from 96% to 66% while that of banks and other institutions rose from 3% to 36%. There are currently over 200 significant separate financial organizations supplying mortgage loans to house buyers in Britain. The major lenders include building societies, banks, specialized mortgage corporations, insurance companies, and pension funds.
In the UK variable-rate mortgages are more common than in the United States. This is in part because mortgage loan financing relies less on fixed income securitized assets (such as mortgage-backed securities) than in the United States, Denmark, and Germany, and more on retail savings deposits like Australia and Spain. Thus, lenders prefer variable-rate mortgages to fixed rate ones and whole-of-term fixed rate mortgages are generally not available. Nevertheless, in recent years fixing the rate of the mortgage for short periods has become popular and the initial two, three, five and, occasionally, ten years of a mortgage can be fixed. From 2007 to the beginning of 2013 between 50% and 83% of new mortgages had initial periods fixed in this way.
Home ownership rates are comparable to the United States, but overall default rates are lower. Prepayment penalties during a fixed rate period are common, whilst the United States has discouraged their use. Like other European countries and the rest of the world, but unlike most of the United States, mortgages loans are usually not nonrecourse debt, meaning debtors are liable for any loan deficiencies after foreclosure.
The customer-facing aspects of the residential mortgage sector are regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), and lenders' financial probity is overseen by a separate regulator, the Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) which is part of the Bank of England. The FCA and PRA were established in 2013 with the aim of responding to criticism of regulatory failings highlighted by the financial crisis of 2007–08 and its aftermath.
In most of Western Europe (except Denmark, the Netherlands and Germany), variable-rate mortgages are more common, unlike the fixed-rate mortgage common in the United States. Much of Europe has home ownership rates comparable to the United States, but overall default rates are lower in Europe than in the United States. Mortgage loan financing relies less on securitizing mortgages and more on formal government guarantees backed by covered bonds (such as the Pfandbriefe) and deposits, except Denmark and Germany where asset-backed securities are also common. Prepayment penalties are still common, whilst the United States has discouraged their use. Unlike much of the United States, mortgage loans are usually not nonrecourse debt.
Within the European Union, covered bonds market volume (covered bonds outstanding) amounted to about EUR 2 trillion at year-end 2007 with Germany, Denmark, Spain, and France each having outstandings above 200,000 EUR million. Pfandbrief-like securities have been introduced in more than 25 European countries—and in recent years also in the U.S. and other countries outside Europe—each with their own unique law and regulations.
On July 28, 2008, US Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson announced that, along with four large U.S. banks, the Treasury would attempt to kick start a market for these securities in the United States, primarily to provide an alternative form of mortgage-backed securities. Similarly, in the UK "the Government is inviting views on options for a UK framework to deliver more affordable long-term fixed-rate mortgages, including the lessons to be learned from international markets and institutions".
George Soros's October 10, 2008 Wall Street Journal editorial promoted the Danish mortgage market model.
Mortgages in Malaysia can be categorised into 2 different groups: conventional home loan and Islamic home loan. Under the conventional home loan, bank normally charges fixed interest rate or variable interest rate, or both. These interest rates are tied to Base Rate (individual bank's benchmark rate).
For Islamic home financing, it follows the Sharia Law and comes in 2 common types: Bai’ Bithaman Ajil (BBA) or Musharakah Mutanaqisah (MM). Bai' Bithaman Ajil is when the bank buys the property at current market price and sells it back to you at a much higher price. Musharakah Mutanaqisah is when the bank buys the property together with you. You will then slowly buy the bank's portion of the property through rental (whereby a portion of the rental goes to paying for purchase of a part the bank's share in the property until the property comes to your complete ownership).
Islamic Sharia law prohibits the payment or receipt of interest, meaning that Muslims cannot use conventional mortgages. However, real estate is far too expensive for most people to buy outright using cash: Islamic mortgages solve this problem by having the property change hands twice. In one variation, the bank will buy the house outright and then act as a landlord. The homebuyer, in addition to paying rent, will pay a contribution towards the purchase of the property. When the last payment is made, the property changes hands.
Typically, this may lead to a higher final price for the buyers. This is because in some countries (such as the United Kingdom and India) there is a stamp duty which is a tax charged by the government on a change of ownership. Because ownership changes twice in an Islamic mortgage, a stamp tax may be charged twice. Many other jurisdictions have similar transaction taxes on change of ownership which may be levied. In the United Kingdom, the dual application of stamp duty in such transactions was removed in the Finance Act 2003 in order to facilitate Islamic mortgages.
An alternative scheme involves the bank reselling the property according to an installment plan, at a price higher than the original price.
Both of these methods compensate the lender as if they were charging interest, but the loans are structured in a way that in name they are not, and the lender shares the financial risks involved in the transaction with the homebuyer.
Bali, Indonesia is an exception to the rule of most home purchase being funded by a mortgage. Instead, most properties there are paid with cash due to the lack of available mortgages.
Mortgage insurance is an insurance policy designed to protect the mortgagee (lender) from any default by the mortgagor (borrower). It is used commonly in loans with a loan-to-value ratio over 80%, and employed in the event of foreclosure and repossession.
This policy is typically paid for by the borrower as a component to final nominal (note) rate, or in one lump sum up front, or as a separate and itemized component of monthly mortgage payment. In the last case, mortgage insurance can be dropped when the lender informs the borrower, or its subsequent assigns, that the property has appreciated, the loan has been paid down, or any combination of both to relegate the loan-to-value under 80%.
In the event of repossession, banks, investors, etc. must resort to selling the property to recoup their original investment (the money lent), and are able to dispose of hard assets (such as real estate) more quickly by reductions in price. Therefore, the mortgage insurance acts as a hedge should the repossessing authority recover less than full and fair market value for any hard asset.
Commercial lender (US) – a term for a lender collateralizing non-residential properties.
VA loan – Relating to the U.S. Veterans Administration.
↑ FTC. Mortgage Servicing: Making Sure Your Payments Count.
↑ "Fixed versus variable: what is the difference? | RAMS". www.rams.com.au. Retrieved 2016-10-28.
↑ "Who Needs Mortgage Loan Insurance?". Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation. Retrieved 2009-01-30.
↑ Are Mortgage Assumptions a Good Deal?. Mortgage Professor.
↑ Homes: Slow-market savings – the 'buy-down'. CNN Money.
↑ Single-family notes. Fannie Mae.
↑ Security Instruments. Fannie Mae.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Congressional Budget Office (2010). Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and the Federal Role in the Secondary Mortgage Market. p. 49.
1 2 3 4 International Monetary Fund (2004). World Economic Outlook: September 2004: The Global Demographic Transition. pp. 81–83. ISBN 978-1-58906-406-5.
↑ "Best fixed rate mortgages: two, three, five and 10 years". The Telegraph. 26 February 2014. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
↑ "Demand for fixed mortgages hits all-time high". The Telegraph. 17 May 2013. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
↑ United Nations (2009). Forest Products Annual Market Review 2008-2009. United Nations Publications. p. 42. ISBN 978-92-1-117007-8.
↑ Vina, Gonzalo. "U.K. Scraps FSA in Biggest Bank Regulation Overhaul Since 1997". Businessweek. Bloomberg. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
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↑ "Financial Services Bill receives Royal Assent". HM Treasury. 19 December 2012. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
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↑ Sonia Kolesnikov-Jessop (January 29, 2009). "Bali's cash property market keeps prices up". New York Times. International Herald-Tribune. Retrieved 2009-01-30. 'In Bali, there are no mortgages available, so everyone who owns a house here has paid cash for it,' said Nils Wetterlind, managing director of Tropical Homes, a real estate developer and brokerage based on the island.