Marc Henrard, a managing partner at muRisQ Advisory, visited our London offices to record a podcast on the challenges of Libor transition as part of benchmark reform. He was joined over the phone by Fabio Mercurio, head of the quant analytics team at Bloomberg. The derivatives industry is preparing for the death of Libor, which is most likely to happen after 2021. After this time, panel banks will no longer be required to contribute to the rate. The UK, US and Europe have already selected new overnight risk-free rates (RFRs) to replace Libor as the reference rate in new contracts, while the International Swaps and Derivatives Association is leading the derivatives industry’s efforts to develop a fallback rate for existing contracts. Recent industry consultation found the derivatives market’s preferred fallback for contracts referencing Libor is a backward-looking term version of RFRs, which would compound daily rates in arrears, while an additional fixed spread would reflect the bank credit element inherent in Libor. This would create some challenges for derivatives products, which are fundamentally defined based on forward rates, the quants argue. For instance, forward rate agreements (FRAs) allow the buyer to lock in a future loan by agreeing to pay a forward rate set at the beginning of the contract. Without a forward rate, the products won’t work. “You have to change the nature of the contract; you are not just changing the underlying rate,” says Mercurio. He suggests one solution is to redefine an FRA as a single period swap based on a backward rate, but Henrard argues market participants need to start thinking about implementing these sorts of solutions now rather than after the fallback triggers. “If we think fallback in arrears is the best, we should probably change the term sheet of the FRAs now before having the fallback instead of having the fallback and then, when it’s there, noticing that it’s too late to change the definitions,” he argued. Pricing of caps and floors – which are like options on FRAs – will also become more complex, argued the quants, as the compounded-in-arrears rate is calculated based on multiple daily overnight rates over a period instead of a single Libor term rate. “When it comes to pricing, if you have to keep track of daily changes, that is more complicated than keeping track of a single number,” says Mercurio. Mercurio recently developed a pricing model with Andrei Lyashenko, a senior quant at consultancy Quantitative Risk Management in Chicago, to deal with these issues, but admitted the eventual changes to models and systems because of the Libor transition would be quite disruptive. Given the complexities the transition is likely to introduce, both Mercurio and Henrard agreed quants should have been involved in the decision-making process earlier. “In general, quants are called in later and we need to fix the issues rather than being called to be part of the conversations,” says Mercurio. However, he adds that the introduction of complexity does keep his job more exciting – “As a quant I am also happy not to be involved too early. This means there could be more issues to address and even more job security for us – and more fun.” Index 0:00 Introduction 1:30 Current state of Libor reform 3:23 Impact of backward-looking rate on derivatives 7:38 Products that will be impacted the most 10:43 Increase in complexity 11:16 Solution for using backward rate in FRAs 18:34 Pricing of caps and floors 24:20 Impact on structured products 32:17 Mismatch in type of term rate between currencies 37:40 Why quants should be involved early in reforms References To hear the full interview, listen in the player above, or download. Future podcasts in our Quantcast series will be uploaded to Risk.net. You can also visit the main page here to access all tracks, or go to the iTunes store or Google Podcasts to listen and subscribe.
The derivatives market’s preference for a backward-looking term version of RFRs as a fallback for contracts referencing LIBOR will create problems for some contracts, according to Advisory, managing partner at msRisQ Marc Henrard. Backward-looking rates, calculated by compounding multiple daily rates, introduce complexity, Henrard said. Products like FRAs won’t work without a forward-rate and their nature will need to change. Henard called for quants to be involved in the decision making process sooner allowing them to solve for the problems that will arise before fallbacks are set and it is too late to change the definition.