Updated, 4:14 pm, May 3 The House may pass its bill to repeal and replace parts of the Affordable Care Act. But Republicans’ pathway to fulfilling their seven-year effort to undo the federal health law is getting narrower by the day. “As of now, they still don’t have the votes,” said Rep. Pete King (R-N.Y.) as he was leaving a meeting of GOP members Tuesday. King has been a target for those pushing both for and against the bill. The latest snag is over whether people with preexisting health conditions should have guaranteed access to affordable coverage, as the ACA mandates. An amendment that would let states waive some of those requirements has garnered the votes of reluctant conservatives but left more moderate Republicans concerned. By Wednesday, however, the combination of pressure from House leaders and President Donald Trump himself seemed to be turning at least some votes. Following a White House meeting, Rep. Fred Upton (R-Mich.), a former chairman of the House committee that handles most health issues, said he would vote for the bill if it added an additional $8 billion to help those with health problems pay for coverage. That same promised amendment also changed the vote of Trump supporter Rep. Billy Long (R-Mo.), who said earlier in the week he planned to vote against the measure. House leaders stressed that they are still working to muster a majority to pass the bill, which was originally scheduled for a full floor vote in March. Here are some possible ways the effort could play out. 1. The House passes its bill soon. Approval in the House would send the measure to the Senate, where the fight will be very different. Congress is using a special budget procedure that allows the bill to pass with 51 votes. There are only 52 Republicans in the Senate, so they can’t afford to lose more than two GOP votes, assuming every Democrat opposes the measure. In that case, Vice President Mike Pence would be needed to break a tie. While this special procedure makes the bill easier for Republicans to pass, the Senate’s budget “reconciliation” process must follow a series of specific rules that exclude provisions that don’t directly affect the federal budget. Various parts of the House bill, including a recent change to let states waive some coverage rules that has ignited concerns about preexisting conditions, have been mentioned as possible violations of those Senate rules and would have to be taken out in order to qualify for the protections of reconciliation. The Senate may also amend the bill and the House would have to approve those changes, which could again break the delicate coalition of House GOP support. 2. The House walks away from the debate. In theory, if the GOP votes necessary to pass the bill continue to be elusive, the House could just leave health care for another day — or another year. That would be a huge setback for President Donald Trump, who campaigned on a pledge to “repeal and replace” the health law, as well as for congressional Republicans, who have been promising to do the same since the bill became law in 2010. But if the law truly implodes for 2018, meaning insurers drop out of so many areas that millions of people have no insurance options, it could trigger an entirely different health debate. 3. The House decides to switch gears to tax reform. Health care is not the Republicans’ only high priority. So is an overhaul of the federal tax code. But Republicans want to use the same budget reconciliation procedure to pass their tax plan. That’s a problem. In order to make sweeping tax changes under expedited budget rules, the House and Senate would have to move on to a fiscal 2018 budget resolution, which would override the 2017 budget blueprint. But as soon as it does, the protections for the health bill would expire. There is another option. Each budget resolution can allow one spending bill and one tax bill to be protected by reconciliation rules. So Congress could simply start the process over in a 2018 budget resolution that would allow it to move on tax reform and changes to the health law simultaneously. 4. Congress tries to overhaul health law incrementally. The House could abandon the budget process and simply pass bills without regard to whether they have an effect on the budget. The first step, though, would likely be for the House to repeal the ACA wholesale — giving Republicans political cover. Then they could take up smaller pieces of legislation, such as a bill that would allow health insurance to be purchased across state lines, a favorite idea of Trump’s. Those bills, however, would require 60 votes in the Senate, which seems unlikely given Democratic opposition. If the GOP efforts to bring wholesale change to the ACA are exhausted, though, it may be possible for some moderate Republicans to craft legislation with Democrats to fix some of the issues that both parties see in the law. 5. The Senate gets rid of the legislative filibuster. The Senate earlier this year abolished the need for 60 votes to fill a Supreme Court seat, which got Trump’s nominee, Neil Gorsuch, approved. Trump has been calling for Republicans to also get rid of the filibuster for legislation. “Either elect more Republican Senators in 2018 or change the rules now to 51%,” he tweeted on Tuesday. But the legislative filibuster is the last protection for a Senate minority party, and Republicans know they will someday be that minority again. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.) has said repeatedly he has no intention of taking this step, telling reporters Tuesday it “would fundamentally change the way the Senate has worked for a very long time.” And even if he changed his mind, he might have trouble persuading some of his Republican colleagues to go along.
The Republican’s ability to repeal the Affordable Care Act is narrowing, and they have still yet to get the votes they need. The latest issue facing the GOP’s replacement bill is whether the provision of guaranteed access should be given to those with pre-existing health conditions, a feature mandated by the ACA. An amendment to the GOP bill that allows states to get rid of this requirement has gained some conservative votes but left the more moderate Republican supporters feeling concerned. The GOP’s next move could go one of several ways. The bill could be passed shortly with only 51 votes, rather than the usual number, using a special budget procedure and possibly with an amendment to include waivers for pre-existing conditions. The House could also put the health care debate aside for now, confounding President Trump’s promises to enact a “repeal and replace” health law. The House could move onto tax reform, using the same expedited budget procedure. Congress could also attempt to overhaul the ACA incrementally, fixing the parts of the law that the Republicans most issue with. The Senate could also do away with the legislative filibuster, changing the amount to 51%, having already removed the need for 60 votes for filling a Supreme Court seat the week.