( CNN ) The Iran nuclear negotiations in Lausanne , Switzerland , reportedly have made substantive progress , inching closer toward a provisional agreement between the P5+1 and Iran . While the talks continued to unfold this week , Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu restated his concern about an agreement with Iran , vowing `` to continue to act against any threat . '' If an agreement is reached , the international spotlight will turn to Israel , in anticipation of its possible reaction . Israeli Defense Minister Moshe `` Bogy '' Yaalon stated that a deal is `` a tragedy for the whole world . '' The question is , however , what can Israel really do once a deal is signed ? In recent days , notable conservatives in the United States have attacked President Barack Obama 's handling of the negotiations with Iran , arguing that a bad deal will force Israel 's hand , leaving it with no choice but to attack Iranian targets . But is this a realistic conclusion ? Israel 's stated `` all options are on the table '' policy toward Iran has been in place for years and is based on the assumption that if a diplomatic solution to the nuclear problem can not be reached or is not to its liking , Israel can decide to opt for a military strike on Iran 's nuclear facilities . Thirty-four years after the successful Israeli bombing of the Osirak nuclear facility in Iraq , military experts have little doubt that the Israeli Air Force today is capable of reaching Iranian airspace and bombing targets above and below ground . Therefore , the question is not one of military capability but more about domestic political and geopolitical strategy . With an Iran deal in place , the Israeli leadership may face stern objections from the heads of the Israeli defense establishment , which will make it difficult but not impossible to take such a decision . Nevertheless , if it remains keen on pursuing a military option , the Israeli leadership will have to consider the following set of consequences that will likely result from such a decision : . •A successful military strike on Iranian installations may degrade Iran 's nuclear program , setting it back several years , but it would not completely eliminate Iran 's nuclear capabilities . Iran would likely be able to resume activity in new facilities soon after such an attack , with more international legitimacy to embark on a military nuclear program , in the face of future military challenges to its sovereignty and stability . A deal between the P5+1 ( the United States , China , France , Russia , United Kingdom and Germany ) and Iran is expected to include a 10-year ( or more ) `` sunset provision '' that is much longer than the period it will take Iran to get its program back on track in case of an Israeli attack . •A military attack against Iran after a deal is signed would put Israel on a collision course with the P5+ 1 , who were negotiating the contours of a deal with Iran , as well as with other members of the international community . Bilateral ties and cooperation with member states of the P5+1 may suffer , as well as intelligence sharing between the relevant intelligence agencies . In addition , countries are likely to seek ways to `` punish '' Israel for its actions , in the form of a U.N. General Assembly or Security Council resolution condemning Israeli behavior , calling for operative measures against the Jewish state . •An Israeli attack would likely lead to the collapse of the international sanctions regime on Iran , which Israel has worked to consolidate and which has been a very effective mechanism in pressuring Iran . •The understanding between Israel and moderate Arab regimes on the need to prevent a nuclear Iran would not be likely to dissipate in the aftermath of an attack , but Israeli-Arab coordination and cooperation on this issue is bound to suffer . •Finally , an Israeli attack would spark a direct Iranian military reaction against Israel , as well as an indirect reaction against Israel in the region by Iran 's proxies Hezbollah ( from Southern Lebanon and war-torn Syria ) and Hamas ( from Gaza and perhaps the West Bank ) and against Israeli targets abroad . In the aftermath of a deal with Iran , Israel 's response is expected to be harsh . It will include strong public criticism of the deal , a vow to continue the fight against the agreement in the U.S. Congress and other relevant venues , a call for the international community to continue the sanctions regime , and a pursuit of coordinated public messaging with moderate Arab regimes on this issue . These Israeli public diplomacy measures will be complemented by continued intelligence monitoring of Iran 's activities in the nuclear sphere as well as its involvement in regional conflicts . Opting for a military strike against Iran , however , must take into consideration the consequences of such a decision . In light of all that is at stake , it does not seem like a plausible option at present .
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