Tuberculosis is alarming health officials again because it's posing new health threats with its connection to the AIDS virus. A 35 percent increase in tuberculosis in 1989 in Newark, N.J., has caught the attention of health officials, who had been previously recording with satisfaction a slow, steady decrease in TB cases over the last few decades. They attribute the 5 percent national increase in TB cases in 1989 to the ravages of the AIDS virus, which destroys the body's immune system and leaves victims open to TB infection, Dr. Philip C. Hopewell of San Francisco General Hospital said Sunday. Hopewell and other health officials discussed the link between AIDS and TB during the a four-day World Conference on Lung Health in Boston, which ends Wednesday. About 4 percent of Americans identified as having the AIDS virus also have been diagnosed as being infected with tuberculosis, said Dr. Dixie E. Snider Jr., director of the division of tuberculosis control at the Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta. The American Lung Association estimates that 20,000 Americans a year develop TB. In parts of Africa, where AIDS is already a health risk, tuberculosis has become epidemic, said Dr. Annik Rouillon, executive director of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease in Paris. ``The combination of the two is really catastrophic,'' she said. Snider stressed that tuberculosis, unlike AIDS, is a curable disease and called for TB screenings at drug rehabilitation programs, prisons or other places where AIDS tests are being administered. Snider also said doctors should administer TB tests to all persons testing positive for the HIV virus since TB may not be readily diagnosed in AIDS patients. ``It's important we get control of the situation,'' he said. In Wyoming, the Centers for Disease Control recorded no new cases of TB in 1989, demonstrating that it is a condition that can be controlled and cured, according to Dr. Lee B. Reichman, director of the pulmonary division of the University of Medicine and Dentistry in New Jersey. ``I have never heard of a rise of the magnitude seen in New Jersey or, on the other hand, the hope generated by no cases in one state,'' Reichman said. Moreover, unlike AIDS, TB is a highly contagious disease that can be spread by airborne particles coughed up by a person with untreated, clinically active pulmonary TB. Untreated, tuberculosis kills about 50 percent of its victims within two years, according to the Centers for Disease Control. Snider said sustained contact is necessary for TB transmission, and would not pose new problems for AIDS victims already fighting discrimination in jobs and housing. However, he noted that there had been an increase in positive TB tests among AIDS health workers. Tuberculosis is caused by a bacterium that commonly affects the lungs but can attack almost any organ. For the last three decades, it has been preventable and curable through multiple drug therapy, Snider said. Snider said 10 million to 15 million Americans have been infected with the tuberculosis germ, but only a small percentage of them develop the disease because their immune system was strong enough to prevent the disease from developing. If, however, a person's immune system is impaired by poor nutrition or weakened by the HIV virus, people can develop active TB. ``TB is long known as an opportunistic organism,'' Hopewell said. The doctors said U.S. minority groups have become increasing susceptible to TB. Snider said there has been a 150 percent increased in cases of TB among young blacks in New York City. Tuberculosis can be effectively treated, even in AIDS patients, underscoring efforts to screen persons for the disease, the doctor said. Reichman noted that most American have forgotten about the problems of TB; from 1981 to 1984, TB cases declined an average of 6 percent per year according to the Centers for disease control. But, he said, ``TB is back with a vengeance.'' While associated with poverty and crowded living conditions, TB through history has ravaged both the poor and the famous. TB victims include Henry David Thoreau, Washington Irving, Franz Kafka, Ring Lardner, Somerset Maugham and Vivien Leigh. An estimated 3 million persons a year die worldwide from TB, according to the American Lung Association.
Health officials met in Boston for a four day World Conference on Lung Health. The conference was organized by the American Lung Association and included presentations from Dr. David Satcher, director of the National Center for Environmental Health, who is also president of the American Academy of Pediatrics, as The combination of the two is catastrophic. Within the United States there has been a five percent increase in the number of reported cases, but the numbers vary widely from state to state. No new cases were reported in Wyoming for all of 1989. Newark, New Jersey saw a 35 percent increase in tuberculosis, and in New York City there has been a 150 percent increase among blacks.