The Federal Communications Commission has approved SpaceX’s plans to fly a fleet of internet-transmitting satellites, Starlink, at a “lower orbit than originally planned,” the Verge reported on Saturday. SpaceX originally planned to launch 4,425 Starlink satellites (its long-term plan is to launch nearly 12,000) to ranges between roughly 690-825 miles (1,110 to 1,325 kilometers). That plan won the FCC’s approval in early 2018. But the company later decided based on test data that it would like 1,584 of those satellites to orbit at the much lower height of around 340 miles (550 kilometers). SpaceX argued that lower elevation would allow it to cut latency down to 15 milliseconds and cut the total number of satellites by 16 without reducing coverage, the Verge wrote. It also said the lower altitude would allow any satellites that lose orbit to begin burning up quickly instead of clogging Earth orbit with space junk, something that was the concern of a recent NASA study. Competing satellite internet firm OneWeb and satellite operator Kepler Communications both filed against the plan, claiming that Starlink could cause signal interference at the lower elevation and potentially even pose a collision risk. In its approval, the FCC found that “the modification proposed by SpaceX does not present significant interference problems and is in the public interest.” The FCC added that SpaceX claims “because all its satellites have propulsion and are maneuverable to prevent collisions, they are considered to pose zero risk to any other satellites in this orbital region,” as well as that the company says “operating satellites at the 550 km altitude will ensure a 100% success rate of post-mission disposal within 5 years, even assuming worst-case conditions.” It also concluded that SpaceX’s estimate of collision risks in the case a satellite’s propulsion systems become inoperable “is well within accepted boundaries... even with worst-case assumptions that go well beyond any realistic scenario.” SpaceX president Gwynne Shotwell told the Verge in a statement, “This approval underscores the FCC’s confidence in SpaceX’s plans to deploy its next-generation satellite constellation and connect people around the world with reliable and affordable broadband service.” While beaming down the web from satellites sounds like a good idea on paper, numerous other companies have run into problems with their own similar projects. Facebook’s Project Athena, after failing to get drones to work properly, turned to satellites with an aim of launching one by early 2019 (it hasn’t). Google is working on Project Loon, which aims to transmit LTE to remote regions of the world with hot air balloons, but it has run into numerous crashes, and is facing a major patent lawsuit. Amazon has announced its own initiative. There’s no guarantee any of these projects will meet expectations anytime soon. As Gizmodo has noted before, one possible outcome even if they do succeed is that tech companies will use the opportunity to create monopolies in the countries with the least internet infrastructure, generating a host of negative externalities in the process. SpaceX has a tight timeline: As the Verge wrote, “The FCC’s approval of this constellation is conditional on SpaceX being able to launch at least half of these satellites within the next six years.” For its part, SpaceX told the Verge in its statement that it has already produced a bunch of Starlink satellites and is on track to start launching them in May. [The Verge]
SpaceX has been given approval for 1,584 of its internet-transmitting satellites to be launched into a lower orbit. After the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) gave the green light for the proposed 4,425-satellite Starlink constellation in early 2018, SpaceX modified its application to have some of the devices orbiting at roughly 550 km, rather than the initial height of 1,100-1,325 km. The lower orbit will reduce latency to 15 milliseconds, require fewer total satellites, and minimise the probability of space debris. The FCC has authorised the change thanks to the satellites' propulsion systems, which will allow them to avoid collisions.