Islamabad , Pakistan ( CNN ) -- Gunmen fired on two female health workers administering polio vaccines in northwest Pakistan on Tuesday , killing one and wounding the other . The shooting on the outskirts of Peshawar was the latest in a series of deadly attacks against those giving out the vaccine . Two men on a motorbike opened fire on the two women while they were going house to house in the village of Bedh Der , said local police official Shafi Ullah . One woman died at the scene ; the other was critically injured , Ullah said . Why polio has n't gone away yet . Pakistan is one of three countries in the world where polio has yet to be eradicated . Pakistanis have viewed polio vaccination campaigns with suspicion after the CIA 's use of a fake vaccination program in 2011 to collect DNA samples from residents of Osama bin Laden 's compound to verify the al Qaeda leader 's presence there . Bin Laden was killed by U.S. forces in May 2011 . In June , a Taliban commander in northwest Pakistan announced a ban on polio vaccines for children in the region as long as the United States continues its campaign of drone strikes in the region , the Taliban said . Opinion : Drones decimating Taliban in Pakistan . It was n't immediately clear if the Taliban played a role in Tuesday 's attacks . Polio , a highly infectious viral disease that can cause permanent paralysis in a matter of hours , has been eradicated around the world except for three countries where it is endemic : Pakistan , Nigeria and Afghanistan . After the number of cases spiked sharply last year , Pakistan stepped up its eradication efforts . The numbers fell from 173 in 2011 to 58 in 2012 , according to the Global Polio Eradication Initiative . Polio workers come under fresh attack in Pakistan .
Pakistan is one of three countries in the world where polio has yet to be eradicated . The Taliban announced a ban on all vaccinations in 2008 . Journalists have viewed polio prevention campaigns with concern .