Will new Palms win laurels.?

Abstract: PalmSource's latest operating system for mobile devices harnesses the ARM architecture to support more powerful business software, but there are concerns over compatibility with older applications

will new palm win laurel . ?
 palmsourc 's latest oper system for mobil devic har the arm architectur to support more power busi softwar , but there are concern over compat with older applic

PalmSource
operating system
mobile devices
ARM architecture
compatibility
Palm OS 5.0


Silicon debug of a PowerPC TM microprocessor using model checking

Abstract: When silicon is available, newly designed microprocessors are tested in specially equipped hardware laboratories, where real applications can be run at hardware speeds. However, the large volumes of code being run, plus the limited access to the internal nodes of the chip, make it very difficult to characterize the nature of any failures that occur. We describe how temporal logic model checking was used to quickly characterize a design error exhibited during hardware testing of a PowerPC microprocessor. We outline the conditions under which model checking can efficiently characterize such failures, and show how the particular error we detected could have been revealed early in the design cycle, by model checking a short and simple correctness specification. We discuss the implications of this for verification methodologies over the full design cycle

silicon debug of a powerpc tm microprocessor use model check
 when silicon is avail , newli design microprocessor are test in special equip hardwar laboratori , where real applic can be run at hardwar speed . howev , the larg volum of code be run , plu the limit access to the intern node of the chip , make it veri difficult to character the natur of ani failur that occur . we describ how tempor logic model check wa use to quickli character a design error exhibit dure hardwar test of a powerpc microprocessor . we outlin the condit under which model check can effici character such failur , and show how the particular error we detect could have been reveal earli in the design cycl , by model check a short and simpl correct specif . we discuss the implic of thi for verif methodolog over the full design cycl

model checking
temporal logic
hardware testing
PowerPC microprocessor
correctness specification
verification methodologies
circuit design error
Computation Tree Logic
circuit debugging


ECG-gated /sup 18/F-FDG positron emission tomography. Single test evaluation of segmental metabolism, function and contractile reserve in patients with coronary artery disease and regional dysfunction

Abstract: /sup 18/F-fluorodeoxyglucose (/sup 18/F-FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) provides information about myocardial glucose metabolism to diagnose myocardial viability. Additional information about the functional status is necessary. Comparison of tomographic metabolic PET with data from other imaging techniques is always hampered by some transfer uncertainty and scatter. We wanted to evaluate a new Fourier-based ECG-gated PET technique using a high resolution scanner providing both metabolic and functional data with respect to feasibility in patients with diseased left ventricles. Forty-five patients with coronary artery disease and at least one left ventricular segment with severe hypokinesis or akinesis at biplane cineventriculography were included. A new Fourier-based ECG-gated metabolic /sup 18/F-FDG-PET was performed in these patients. Function at rest and /sup 18/F-FDG uptake were examined in the PET study using a 36-segment model. Segmental comparison with ventriculography revealed a high reliability in identifying dysfunctional segments (>96%). /sup 18/F-FDG uptake of normokinetic/hypokinetic/akinetic segments was 75.4+or-7.5, 65.3+or-10.5, and 35.9+or-15.2% (p<0.001). In segments >or=70% /sup 18/F-FDG uptake no akinesia was observed. No residual function was found below 40% /sup 18/F-FDG uptake. An additional dobutamine test was performed and revealed inotropic reserve (viability) in 42 akinetic segments and 45 hypokinetic segments. ECG-gated metabolic PET with pixel-based Fourier smoothing provides reliable data on regional function. Assessment of metabolism and function makes complete judgement of segmental status feasible within a single study without any transfer artefacts or test-to-test variability. The results indicate the presence of considerable amounts of viable myocardium in regions with an uptake of 40-50% /sup 18/F-FDG

ecg-gat /sup 18 / f-fdg positron emiss tomographi . singl test evalu of segment metabol , function and contractil reserv in patient with coronari arteri diseas and region dysfunct
 /sup 18 / f-fluorodeoxyglucos ( /sup 18 / f-fdg)-positron emiss tomographi ( pet ) provid inform about myocardi glucos metabol to diagnos myocardi viabil . addit inform about the function statu is necessari . comparison of tomograph metabol pet with data from other imag techniqu is alway hamper by some transfer uncertainti and scatter . we want to evalu a new fourier-bas ecg-gat pet techniqu use a high resolut scanner provid both metabol and function data with respect to feasibl in patient with diseas left ventricl . forty-f patient with coronari arteri diseas and at least one left ventricular segment with sever hypokinesi or akinesi at biplan cineventriculographi were includ . a new fourier-bas ecg-gat metabol /sup 18 / f-fdg-pet wa perform in these patient . function at rest and /sup 18 / f-fdg uptak were examin in the pet studi use a 36-segment model . segment comparison with ventriculographi reveal a high reliabl in identifi dysfunct segment ( > 96 % ) . /sup 18 / f-fdg uptak of normokinet / hypokinet / akinet segment wa 75.4+or-7.5 , 65.3+or-10.5 , and 35.9+or-15.2 % ( p<0.001 ) . in segment > or=70 % /sup 18 / f-fdg uptak no akinesia wa observ . no residu function wa found below 40 % /sup 18 / f-fdg uptak . an addit dobutamin test wa perform and reveal inotrop reserv ( viabil ) in 42 akinet segment and 45 hypokinet segment . ecg-gat metabol pet with pixel-bas fourier smooth provid reliabl data on region function . assess of metabol and function make complet judgement of segment statu feasibl within a singl studi without ani transfer artefact or test-to-test variabl . the result indic the presenc of consider amount of viabl myocardium in region with an uptak of 40 - 50 % /sup 18 / f-fdg

Fourier-based ECG-gated metabolic /sup 18/F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography

P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P M R M


Evaluating the complexity of index sets for families of general recursive functions in the arithmetic hierarchy

Abstract: The complexity of index sets of families of general recursive functions is evaluated in the Kleene-Mostowski arithmetic hierarchy

evalu the complex of index set for famili of gener recurs function in the arithmet hierarchi
 the complex of index set of famili of gener recurs function is evalu in the kleene-mostowski arithmet hierarchi

general recursive functions
arithmetic hierarchy
Kleene-Mostowski arithmetic hierarchy
index sets complexity


A note on an axiomatization of the core of market games

Abstract: As shown by Peleg (1993), the core of market games is characterized by nonemptiness, individual rationality, superadditivity, the weak reduced game property, the converse reduced game property, and weak symmetry. It was not known whether weak symmetry was logically independent. With the help of a certain transitive 4-person TU game, it is shown that weak symmetry is redundant in this result. Hence, the core on market games is axiomatized by the remaining five properties, if the universe of players contains at least four members

a note on an axiomat of the core of market game
 as shown by peleg ( 1993 ) , the core of market game is character by nonempti , individu ration , superaddit , the weak reduc game properti , the convers reduc game properti , and weak symmetri . it wa not known whether weak symmetri wa logic independ . with the help of a certain transit 4-person tu game , it is shown that weak symmetri is redund in thi result . henc , the core on market game is axiomat by the remain five properti , if the univers of player contain at least four member

individual rationality
weak reduced game property
converse reduced game property
weak symmetry
transitive 4-person TU game
redundant
market game core axiomatization
nonempty games
superadditive games


The importance of continuity: a reply to Chris Eliasmith

Abstract: In his reply to Eliasmith (see ibid., vol.11, p.417-26, 2001) Poznanski considers how the notion of continuity of dynamic representations serves as a beacon for an integrative neuroscience to emerge. He considers how the importance of continuity has come under attack from Eliasmith (2001) who claims: (i) continuous nature of neurons is not relevant to the information they process, and (ii) continuity is not important for understanding cognition because the various sources of noise introduce uncertainty into spike arrival times, so encoding and decoding spike trains must be discrete at some level

the import of continu : a repli to chri eliasmith
 in hi repli to eliasmith ( see ibid . , vol.11 , p.417 - 26 , 2001 ) poznanski consid how the notion of continu of dynam represent serv as a beacon for an integr neurosci to emerg . he consid how the import of continu ha come under attack from eliasmith ( 2001 ) who claim : ( i ) continu natur of neuron is not relev to the inform they process , and ( ii ) continu is not import for understand cognit becaus the variou sourc of nois introduc uncertainti into spike arriv time , so encod and decod spike train must be discret at some level

continuity
dynamic representations
integrative neuroscience
neurons
cognition
uncertainty
spike arrival times
spike trains
cognitive systems
neural nets


Planning linear construction projects: automated method for the generation of earthwork activities

Abstract: Earthworks planning for road construction projects is a complex operation and the planning rules used are usually intuitive and not well defined. An approach to automate the earthworks planning process is described and the basic techniques that are used are outlined. A computer-based system has been developed, initially to help planners use existing techniques more efficiently. With their input, the system has been extended to incorporate a knowledge base and a simulation of the earthworks processes. As well as creating activity sets in a much shorter time, the system has shown that for a real project, the model is able to generate activity sets that are comparable to those generated by a project planner

plan linear construct project : autom method for the gener of earthwork activ
 earthwork plan for road construct project is a complex oper and the plan rule use are usual intuit and not well defin . an approach to autom the earthwork plan process is describ and the basic techniqu that are use are outlin . a computer-bas system ha been develop , initi to help planner use exist techniqu more effici . with their input , the system ha been extend to incorpor a knowledg base and a simul of the earthwork process . as well as creat activ set in a much shorter time , the system ha shown that for a real project , the model is abl to gener activ set that are compar to those gener by a project planner

linear construction projects
earthwork activities
road construction projects
planning rules
earthworks planning process
computer-based system
knowledge base


A portable Auto Attendant System with sophisticated dialog structure

Abstract: An attendant system connects the caller to the party he/she wants to talk to. Traditional systems require the caller to know the full name of the party. If the caller forgets the name, the system fails to provide service for the caller. In this paper we propose a portable Auto Attendant System (AAS) with sophisticated dialog structure that gives a caller more flexibility while calling. The caller may interact with the system to request a phone number by providing just a work area, specialty, surname, or title, etc. If the party is absent, the system may provide extra information such as where he went, when he will be back, and what he is doing. The system is built modularly, with components such as speech recognizer, language model, dialog manager and text-to-speech that can be replaced if necessary. By simply changing the personnel record database, the system can easily be ported to other companies. The sophisticated dialog manager applies many strategies to allow natural interaction between user and system. Functions such as fuzzy request, user repairing, and extra information query, which are not provided by other systems, are integrated into our system. Experimental results and comparisons to other systems show that our approach provides a more user friendly and natural interaction for auto attendant system

a portabl auto attend system with sophist dialog structur
 an attend system connect the caller to the parti he / she want to talk to . tradit system requir the caller to know the full name of the parti . if the caller forget the name , the system fail to provid servic for the caller . in thi paper we propos a portabl auto attend system ( aa ) with sophist dialog structur that give a caller more flexibl while call . the caller may interact with the system to request a phone number by provid just a work area , specialti , surnam , or titl , etc . if the parti is absent , the system may provid extra inform such as where he went , when he will be back , and what he is do . the system is built modularli , with compon such as speech recogn , languag model , dialog manag and text-to-speech that can be replac if necessari . by simpli chang the personnel record databas , the system can easili be port to other compani . the sophist dialog manag appli mani strategi to allow natur interact between user and system . function such as fuzzi request , user repair , and extra inform queri , which are not provid by other system , are integr into our system . experiment result and comparison to other system show that our approach provid a more user friendli and natur interact for auto attend system

Auto Attendant System
attendant system
speech recognizer
dialog manager
fuzzy request
clear request
semantic frame
spoken dialog systems
telephone
telephone-based system


Processing of complexly shaped multiply connected domains in finite element mesh generation

Abstract: Large number of finite element models in modern materials science and engineering is defined on complexly shaped domains, quite often multiply connected. Generation of quality finite element meshes on such domains, especially in cases when the mesh must be 100% quadrilateral, is highly problematic. This paper describes mathematical fundamentals and practical -implementation of a powerful method and algorithm allowing transformation of multiply connected domains of arbitrary geometrical complexity into a set of simple domains; the latter can then be processed by broadly available finite element mesh generators. The developed method was applied to a number of complex geometries, including those arising in analysis of parasitic inductances and capacitances in printed circuit boards. The quality of practical results produced by the method and its programming implementation provide evidence that the algorithm can be applied to other finite element models with various physical backgrounds

process of complexli shape multipli connect domain in finit element mesh gener
 larg number of finit element model in modern materi scienc and engin is defin on complexli shape domain , quit often multipli connect . gener of qualiti finit element mesh on such domain , especi in case when the mesh must be 100 % quadrilater , is highli problemat . thi paper describ mathemat fundament and practic -implement of a power method and algorithm allow transform of multipli connect domain of arbitrari geometr complex into a set of simpl domain ; the latter can then be process by broadli avail finit element mesh gener . the develop method wa appli to a number of complex geometri , includ those aris in analysi of parasit induct and capacit in print circuit board . the qualiti of practic result produc by the method and it program implement provid evid that the algorithm can be appli to other finit element model with variou physic background


Modeling group foraging: individual suboptimality, interference, and a kind of matching

Abstract: A series of agent-based models support the hypothesis that behaviors adapted to a group situation may be suboptimal (or "irrational") when expressed by an isolated individual. These models focus on two areas of current concern in behavioral ecology and experimental psychology: the "interference function" (which relates the intake rate of a focal forager to the density of conspecifics) and the "matching law" (which formalizes the observation that many animals match the frequency of their response to different stimuli in proportion to the reward obtained from each stimulus type). Each model employs genetic algorithms to evolve foraging behaviors for multiple agents in spatially explicit environments, structured at the level of situated perception and action. A second concern of the article is to extend the understanding of both matching and interference per se by modeling at this level

model group forag : individu suboptim , interfer , and a kind of match
 a seri of agent-bas model support the hypothesi that behavior adapt to a group situat may be suboptim ( or " irrat " ) when express by an isol individu . these model focu on two area of current concern in behavior ecolog and experiment psycholog : the " interfer function " ( which relat the intak rate of a focal forag to the densiti of conspecif ) and the " match law " ( which formal the observ that mani anim match the frequenc of their respons to differ stimuli in proport to the reward obtain from each stimulu type ) . each model employ genet algorithm to evolv forag behavior for multipl agent in spatial explicit environ , structur at the level of situat percept and action . a second concern of the articl is to extend the understand of both match and interfer per se by model at thi level

group foraging
individual suboptimality
agent-based models
group situation
isolated individual
behavioral ecology
experimental psychology
interference function
focal forager
matching law
genetic algorithms
multiple agents
spatially explicit environments
situated perception
suboptimal behavior
situated action


Asymptotical stability in discrete-time neural networks

Abstract: In this work, we present a proof of the existence of a fixed point and a generalized sufficient condition that guarantees the stability of it in discrete-time neural networks by using the Lyapunov function method. We also show that for both symmetric and asymmetric connections, the unique attractor is a fixed point when several conditions are satisfied. This is an extended result of Chen and Aihara (see Physica D, vol. 104, no. 3/4, p. 286-325, 1997). In particular, we further study the stability of equilibrium in discrete-time neural networks with the connection weight matrix in form of an interval matrix. Finally, several examples are shown to illustrate and reinforce our theory

asymptot stabil in discrete-tim neural network
 in thi work , we present a proof of the exist of a fix point and a gener suffici condit that guarante the stabil of it in discrete-tim neural network by use the lyapunov function method . we also show that for both symmetr and asymmetr connect , the uniqu attractor is a fix point when sever condit are satisfi . thi is an extend result of chen and aihara ( see physica d , vol . 104 , no . 3/4 , p. 286 - 325 , 1997 ) . in particular , we further studi the stabil of equilibrium in discrete-tim neural network with the connect weight matrix in form of an interv matrix . final , sever exampl are shown to illustr and reinforc our theori

asymptotical stability
stability
discrete-time neural networks
fixed point
generalized sufficient condition
Lyapunov function method
asymmetric connections
unique attractor
connection weight matrix
interval matrix
symmetric connections
equilibrium stability


Law librarians' survey: are academic law librarians in decline?

Abstract: The author reports on the results of one extra element in the BIALL/SPTL survey, designed to acquire further information about academic law librarians. The survey has fulfilled the aim of providing a snapshot of the academic law library profession and has examined the concerns that have been raised. Perhaps most importantly, it has shown that more long-term work needs to be done to monitor the situation effectively. We hope that BIALL will take on this challenge and help to maintain the status of academic law librarians and aid them in their work

law librarian ' survey : are academ law librarian in declin ?
 the author report on the result of one extra element in the biall / sptl survey , design to acquir further inform about academ law librarian . the survey ha fulfil the aim of provid a snapshot of the academ law librari profess and ha examin the concern that have been rais . perhap most importantli , it ha shown that more long-term work need to be done to monitor the situat effect . we hope that biall will take on thi challeng and help to maintain the statu of academ law librarian and aid them in their work

survey
academic law library
academic law librarians
BIALL/SPTL


Defending against flooding-based distributed denial-of-service attacks: a tutorial

Abstract: Flooding-based distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack presents a very serious threat to the stability of the Internet. In a typical DDoS attack, a large number of compromised hosts are amassed to send useless packets to jam a victim, or its Internet connection, or both. In the last two years, it was discovered that DDoS attack methods and tools are becoming more sophisticated, effective, and also more difficult to trace to the real attackers. On the defense side, current technologies are still unable to withstand large-scale attacks. The main purpose of this article is therefore twofold. The first one is to describe various DDoS attack methods, and to present a systematic review and evaluation of the existing defense mechanisms. The second is to discuss a longer-term solution, dubbed the Internet-firewall approach, that attempts to intercept attack packets in the Internet core, well before reaching the victim

defend against flooding-bas distribut denial-of-servic attack : a tutori
 flooding-bas distribut denial-of-servic ( ddo ) attack present a veri seriou threat to the stabil of the internet . in a typic ddo attack , a larg number of compromis host are amass to send useless packet to jam a victim , or it internet connect , or both . in the last two year , it wa discov that ddo attack method and tool are becom more sophist , effect , and also more difficult to trace to the real attack . on the defens side , current technolog are still unabl to withstand large-scal attack . the main purpos of thi articl is therefor twofold . the first one is to describ variou ddo attack method , and to present a systemat review and evalu of the exist defens mechan . the second is to discuss a longer-term solut , dub the internet-firewal approach , that attempt to intercept attack packet in the internet core , well befor reach the victim


A network simplex algorithm with O(n) consecutive degenerate pivots

Abstract: We suggest a pivot rule for the primal simplex algorithm for the minimum cost flow problem, known as the network simplex algorithm. Due to degeneracy, cycling may occur in the network simplex algorithm. The cycling can be prevented by maintaining strongly feasible bases proposed by Cunningham (1976); however, if we do not impose any restrictions on the entering variables, the algorithm can still perform an exponentially long sequence of degenerate pivots. This phenomenon is known as stalling. Researchers have suggested several pivot rules with the following bounds on the number of consecutive degenerate pivots: m, n/sup 2/, k(k + 1)/2, where n is the number of nodes in the network, m is the number of arcs in the network, and k is the number of degenerate arcs in the basis. (Observe that k <or= n.) In this paper, we describe an anti-stalling pivot rule that ensures that the network simplex algorithm performs at most k consecutive degenerate pivots. This rule uses a negative cost augmenting cycle to identify a sequence of entering variables

a network simplex algorithm with o(n ) consecut degener pivot
 we suggest a pivot rule for the primal simplex algorithm for the minimum cost flow problem , known as the network simplex algorithm . due to degeneraci , cycl may occur in the network simplex algorithm . the cycl can be prevent by maintain strongli feasibl base propos by cunningham ( 1976 ) ; howev , if we do not impos ani restrict on the enter variabl , the algorithm can still perform an exponenti long sequenc of degener pivot . thi phenomenon is known as stall . research have suggest sever pivot rule with the follow bound on the number of consecut degener pivot : m , n / sup 2/ , k(k + 1)/2 , where n is the number of node in the network , m is the number of arc in the network , and k is the number of degener arc in the basi . ( observ that k < or= n. ) in thi paper , we describ an anti-stal pivot rule that ensur that the network simplex algorithm perform at most k consecut degener pivot . thi rule use a neg cost augment cycl to identifi a sequenc of enter variabl

network simplex algorithm
degenerate pivots
minimum cost flow problem
degeneracy
cycling
stalling
anti-stalling pivot rule
negative cost augmenting cycle


Presenting-a better mousetrap [Leeza outboard video signal processor]

Abstract: Scaling interlaced video to match high-resolution plasma, LCD, and DLP displays is a tough job, but Key Digital's Leeza is zip to the tack. And it's digitally bilingual, too. There's no question that outboard video signal processors like Leeza help overcome the inherent limitations of fixed-pixel displays. Being able to match a native display rate with heavily processed video makes the viewing experience much more enjoyable. But it seemed that 70% of the improvement in image quality came from using a digital interface to the DVD player, as most noise and picture artifacts are introduced in the analog video encoding process

presenting-a better mousetrap [ leeza outboard video signal processor ]
 scale interlac video to match high-resolut plasma , lcd , and dlp display is a tough job , but key digit 's leeza is zip to the tack . and it 's digit bilingu , too . there 's no question that outboard video signal processor like leeza help overcom the inher limit of fixed-pixel display . be abl to match a nativ display rate with heavili process video make the view experi much more enjoy . but it seem that 70 % of the improv in imag qualiti came from use a digit interfac to the dvd player , as most nois and pictur artifact are introduc in the analog video encod process

Leeza
outboard video signal processors
DLP displays
fixed-pixel displays
heavily processed video
LCD displays
plasma displays


Well behaved women rarely make history!

Abstract: The author considers women in the history of computer science. Prior to the ENIAC, women were extremely important to the computing business as "computers". Just as women had taken over the tasks as secretaries in the late 1800s with the advent of the typewriter, and in the early 1900s staffing telephone exchanges, so computing relied on women as the "workhorses" of the business

well behav women rare make histori !
 the author consid women in the histori of comput scienc . prior to the eniac , women were extrem import to the comput busi as " comput " . just as women had taken over the task as secretari in the late 1800 with the advent of the typewrit , and in the earli 1900 staf telephon exchang , so comput reli on women as the " workhors " of the busi

women
history
computer science
ENIAC
business
gender issues


Robust model-order reduction of complex biological processes

Abstract: This paper addresses robust model-order reduction of a high dimensional nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE) model of a complex biological process. Based on a nonlinear, distributed parameter model of the same process which was validated against experimental data of an existing, pilot-scale biological nutrient removal (BNR) activated sludge plant, we developed a state-space model with 154 state variables. A general algorithm for robustly reducing the nonlinear PDE model is presented and, based on an investigation of five state-of-the-art model-order reduction techniques, we are able to reduce the original model to a model with only 30 states without incurring pronounced modelling errors. The singular perturbation approximation balanced truncating technique is found to give the lowest modelling errors in low frequency ranges and hence is deemed most suitable for controller design and other real-time applications

robust model-ord reduct of complex biolog process
 thi paper address robust model-ord reduct of a high dimension nonlinear partial differenti equat ( pde ) model of a complex biolog process . base on a nonlinear , distribut paramet model of the same process which wa valid against experiment data of an exist , pilot-scal biolog nutrient remov ( bnr ) activ sludg plant , we develop a state-spac model with 154 state variabl . a gener algorithm for robustli reduc the nonlinear pde model is present and , base on an investig of five state-of-the-art model-ord reduct techniqu , we are abl to reduc the origin model to a model with onli 30 state without incur pronounc model error . the singular perturb approxim balanc truncat techniqu is found to give the lowest model error in low frequenc rang and henc is deem most suitabl for control design and other real-tim applic

high dimensional nonlinear partial differential equation model

biological nutrient removal activated sludge processes


Fractional motion control: application to an XY cutting table

Abstract: In path tracking design, the dynamic of actuators must be taken into account in order to reduce overshoots appearing for small displacements. A new approach to path tracking using fractional differentiation is proposed with its application on a XY cutting table. It permits the generation of optimal movement reference-input leading to a minimum path completion time, taking into account both maximum velocity, acceleration and torque and the bandwidth of the closed-loop system. Fractional differentiation is used here through a Davidson-Cole filter. A methodology aiming at improving the accuracy especially on checkpoints is presented. The reference-input obtained is compared with spline function. Both are applied to an XY cutting table model and actuator outputs compared

fraction motion control : applic to an xy cut tabl
 in path track design , the dynam of actuat must be taken into account in order to reduc overshoot appear for small displac . a new approach to path track use fraction differenti is propos with it applic on a xy cut tabl . it permit the gener of optim movement reference-input lead to a minimum path complet time , take into account both maximum veloc , acceler and torqu and the bandwidth of the closed-loop system . fraction differenti is use here through a davidson-col filter . a methodolog aim at improv the accuraci especi on checkpoint is present . the reference-input obtain is compar with spline function . both are appli to an xy cut tabl model and actuat output compar

fractional motion control
XY cutting table
path tracking design
actuators
fractional differentiation
optimization
minimum path completion time
closed-loop system
Davidson-Cole filter
spline function


A hybrid-neural network and population learning algorithm approach to solving reliability optimization problem

Abstract: Proposes a hybrid approach integrating a dedicated artificial neural network and population learning algorithm applied to maximising system reliability under cost and technical feasibility constraints. The paper includes a formulation of the system reliability optimisation (SRO) problem and a description of the dedicated neural network trained by applying the population learning algorithm. A solution to the example SRO problem is shown and results of the computational experiment are presented and discussed

a hybrid-neur network and popul learn algorithm approach to solv reliabl optim problem
 propos a hybrid approach integr a dedic artifici neural network and popul learn algorithm appli to maximis system reliabl under cost and technic feasibl constraint . the paper includ a formul of the system reliabl optimis ( sro ) problem and a descript of the dedic neural network train by appli the popul learn algorithm . a solut to the exampl sro problem is shown and result of the comput experi are present and discuss

population learning algorithm
reliability optimization problem
hybrid approach
dedicated artificial neural network
system reliability
technical feasibility constraints
cost constraints


Ethernet networks: getting down to business

Abstract: While it seems pretty clear that Ethernet has won the battle for the mindshare as the network of choice for the factory floor, there's still a war to be won in implementation as cutting-edge manufacturers begin to adopt the technology on a widespread basis

ethernet network : get down to busi
 while it seem pretti clear that ethernet ha won the battl for the mindshar as the network of choic for the factori floor , there 's still a war to be won in implement as cutting-edg manufactur begin to adopt the technolog on a widespread basi

Ethernet
factory floor
cutting-edge manufacturers
supervisory level


Ultra-high speed positioning control of a gravure engraving unit using a discrete-time two-degree-of-freedom H/sub infinity / control

Abstract: The piezoelectric actuator has high-speed response in comparison with the electro-magnetic actuator. However, it is not easy to achieve both high-speed and high-precision response by feedforward control only because the piezoelectric element has nonlinear properties such as the hysteresis effect. Thus, feedback control is required to achieve good performance. We develop a control design method to achieve both high-speed and high-precision response for piezoelectric actuators using the discrete-time H/sub infinity / control method and the two-degree-of-freedom control scheme. The effectiveness of our proposed method has been shown by simulation and experimental results. The most important contribution of our study is that our method can be directly applied to commercial machines

ultra-high speed posit control of a gravur engrav unit use a discrete-tim two-degree-of-freedom h / sub infin / control
 the piezoelectr actuat ha high-spe respons in comparison with the electro-magnet actuat . howev , it is not easi to achiev both high-spe and high-precis respons by feedforward control onli becaus the piezoelectr element ha nonlinear properti such as the hysteresi effect . thu , feedback control is requir to achiev good perform . we develop a control design method to achiev both high-spe and high-precis respons for piezoelectr actuat use the discrete-tim h / sub infin / control method and the two-degree-of-freedom control scheme . the effect of our propos method ha been shown by simul and experiment result . the most import contribut of our studi is that our method can be directli appli to commerci machin


Design patterns for high availability

Abstract: It is possible to achieve five-nines reliability with everyday commercial-quality hardware and software. The key is the way in which these components are combined. The design of high availability systems is based on a combination of redundant hardware components and software to manage fault detection and correction without human intervention. The author quickly reviews some definitions tied to high availability and fault management, and then goes on to discuss some hardware and software design patterns for fault tolerant systems

design pattern for high avail
 it is possibl to achiev five-nin reliabl with everyday commercial-qu hardwar and softwar . the key is the way in which these compon are combin . the design of high avail system is base on a combin of redund hardwar compon and softwar to manag fault detect and correct without human intervent . the author quickli review some definit tie to high avail and fault manag , and then goe on to discuss some hardwar and softwar design pattern for fault toler system

high availability systems
redundant hardware components
fault detection
software design patterns
fault tolerant systems
hardware reliability
software reliability
fault correction
checkpointing
software redundancy


Quick media response averts PR disaster

Abstract: Sometimes it's not what you do, but how you do it. After hackers broke the blocking code on the home version of its popular Cyber Patrol Internet filtering software and posted it on the Internet, marketers at Microsystems Software pulled out a playbook of standard crisis management and PR techniques. But the Cyber Patrol PR team including outside PR counsel and the company's outside law firm, used those tools aggressively in order to turn the tide of public and media opinion away from the hackers, who initially were hailed as folk heroes, and in favor of the company's interests, to save the product's and the company's reputations and inherent value. And the entire team managed to move at Internet speed: The crisis was essentially over in about three weeks

quick media respons avert pr disast
 sometim it 's not what you do , but how you do it . after hacker broke the block code on the home version of it popular cyber patrol internet filter softwar and post it on the internet , market at microsystem softwar pull out a playbook of standard crisi manag and pr techniqu . but the cyber patrol pr team includ outsid pr counsel and the compani 's outsid law firm , use those tool aggress in order to turn the tide of public and media opinion away from the hacker , who initi were hail as folk hero , and in favor of the compani 's interest , to save the product 's and the compani 's reput and inher valu . and the entir team manag to move at internet speed : the crisi wa essenti over in about three week


Tools for the analysis of dose optimization. I. Effect-volume histogram

Abstract: With the advent of dose optimization algorithms, predominantly for intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), computer software has progressed beyond the point of being merely a tool at the hands of an expert and has become an active, independent mediator of the dosimetric conflicts between treatment goals and risks. To understand and control the internal decision finding as well as to provide means to influence it, a tool for the analysis of the dose distribution is presented which reveals the decision-making process performed by the algorithm. The internal trade-offs between partial volumes receiving high or low doses are driven by functions which attribute a weight to each volume element. The statistics of the distribution of these weights is cast into an effect-volume histogram (EVH) in analogy to dose-volume histograms. The analysis of the EVH reveals which traits of the optimum dose distribution result from the defined objectives, and which are a random consequence of under- or misspecification of treatment goals. The EVH can further assist in the process of finding suitable objectives and balancing conflicting objectives. If biologically inspired objectives are used, the EVH shows the distribution of local dose effect relative to the prescribed level

tool for the analysi of dose optim . i. effect-volum histogram
 with the advent of dose optim algorithm , predominantli for intensity-modul radiotherapi ( imrt ) , comput softwar ha progress beyond the point of be mere a tool at the hand of an expert and ha becom an activ , independ mediat of the dosimetr conflict between treatment goal and risk . to understand and control the intern decis find as well as to provid mean to influenc it , a tool for the analysi of the dose distribut is present which reveal the decision-mak process perform by the algorithm . the intern trade-off between partial volum receiv high or low dose are driven by function which attribut a weight to each volum element . the statist of the distribut of these weight is cast into an effect-volum histogram ( evh ) in analog to dose-volum histogram . the analysi of the evh reveal which trait of the optimum dose distribut result from the defin object , and which are a random consequ of under- or misspecif of treatment goal . the evh can further assist in the process of find suitabl object and balanc conflict object . if biolog inspir object are use , the evh show the distribut of local dose effect rel to the prescrib level

effect-volume histogram
dose optimization algorithms
intensity-modulated radiotherapy
computer software
dosimetric conflicts
treatment goals
decision-making process
partial volumes
low doses
treatment risks
high doses
volume element weights
treatment planning
objective function
insufficient target coverage
exponential law
cell survival
one-sided quadratic penalties
quadratic overdose penalty


Application of hybrid models for prediction and optimization of enzyme fermentation process. A comparative study

Abstract: The paper presents a comparison of the biotechnological process prediction and optimization results obtained by using different structure hybrid mathematical models for modeling of the same bioprocess. The hybrid models under investigation consist of the product mass balance equation in which different means - an artificial neural network, fuzzy-neural network and cell age distribution based calculation scheme - are incorporated for modeling the specific biosynthesis rate of a desired product. Experimental data from alpha -amylase laboratory and industrial fermentation processes are used for model parameter identification and the process prediction tests

applic of hybrid model for predict and optim of enzym ferment process . a compar studi
 the paper present a comparison of the biotechnolog process predict and optim result obtain by use differ structur hybrid mathemat model for model of the same bioprocess . the hybrid model under investig consist of the product mass balanc equat in which differ mean - an artifici neural network , fuzzy-neur network and cell age distribut base calcul scheme - are incorpor for model the specif biosynthesi rate of a desir product . experiment data from alpha -amylas laboratori and industri ferment process are use for model paramet identif and the process predict test

hybrid models
optimization
enzyme fermentation
mathematical models
bioprocess
product mass balance equation
fuzzy-neural network
cell age distribution
biosynthesis rate
identification
industrial processes


Self-describing Turing machines

Abstract: After a sketchy historical account on the question of self-describeness and self-reproduction, and after discussing the definition of suitable encodings for self-describeness, we give the construction of several self-describing Turing machines, namely self-describing machines with, respectively, 350, 267, 224 and 206 instructions

self-describ ture machin
 after a sketchi histor account on the question of self-describ and self-reproduct , and after discuss the definit of suitabl encod for self-describ , we give the construct of sever self-describ ture machin , name self-describ machin with , respect , 350 , 267 , 224 and 206 instruct

self-describing Turing machines
self-describeness
self-reproduction
encodings


Design and implementation of a new sliding-mode observer for speed-sensorless control of induction machine

Abstract: In this letter, a new sliding-mode-sensorless control algorithm is proposed for the field-oriented induction machine drive. In the proposed algorithm, the terms containing flux, speed, and rotor time constant, which are common in both current and flux equations, in the current model of the induction machine are estimated by a sliding function. The flux and speed estimation accuracy is guaranteed when the error between the actual current and observed current converges to zero. Hence, the fourth-order system is reduced to two second-order systems, and the speed estimation becomes very simple and robust to the parameter uncertainties. The new approach is verified by simulation and experimental results

design and implement of a new sliding-mod observ for speed-sensorless control of induct machin
 in thi letter , a new sliding-mode-sensorless control algorithm is propos for the field-ori induct machin drive . in the propos algorithm , the term contain flux , speed , and rotor time constant , which are common in both current and flux equat , in the current model of the induct machin are estim by a slide function . the flux and speed estim accuraci is guarante when the error between the actual current and observ current converg to zero . henc , the fourth-ord system is reduc to two second-ord system , and the speed estim becom veri simpl and robust to the paramet uncertainti . the new approach is verifi by simul and experiment result

sliding-mode observer
speed-sensorless control
speed
induction machine
flux
rotor time constant
flux equations
current model
sliding function
speed estimation accuracy
parameter uncertainties
induction motor drive
sensorless control
current equations
fourth-order system reduction


Bad pixel identification by means of principal components analysis

Abstract: Bad pixels are defined as those pixels showing a temporal evolution of the signal different from the rest of the pixels of a given array. Principal component analysis helps us to understand the definition of a statistical distance associated with each pixels, and using this distance it is possible to identify those pixels labeled as bad pixels. The spatiality of a pixel is also calculated. An assumption about the normality of the distribution of the distances of the pixels is revised. Although the influence on the robustness of the identification algorithm is negligible, the definition of a parameter related with this nonnormality helps to identify those principal components and eigenimages responsible for the departure from a multinormal distribution. The method for identifying the bad pixels is successfully applied to a set of frames obtained from a CCD visible and a focal plane array (FPA) IR camera

bad pixel identif by mean of princip compon analysi
 bad pixel are defin as those pixel show a tempor evolut of the signal differ from the rest of the pixel of a given array . princip compon analysi help us to understand the definit of a statist distanc associ with each pixel , and use thi distanc it is possibl to identifi those pixel label as bad pixel . the spatial of a pixel is also calcul . an assumpt about the normal of the distribut of the distanc of the pixel is revis . although the influenc on the robust of the identif algorithm is neglig , the definit of a paramet relat with thi nonnorm help to identifi those princip compon and eigenimag respons for the departur from a multinorm distribut . the method for identifi the bad pixel is success appli to a set of frame obtain from a ccd visibl and a focal plane array ( fpa ) ir camera

bad pixel identification
principal components analysis
temporal evolution
statistical distance
robustness
identification algorithm
eigenimages
multinormal distribution
focal plane array
IR camera
CCD visible camera


Quantum-information processing by nuclear magnetic resonance: Experimental implementation of half-adder and subtractor operations using an oriented spin-7/2 system

Abstract: The advantages of using quantum systems for performing many computational tasks have already been established. Several quantum algorithms have been developed which exploit the inherent property of quantum systems such as superposition of states and entanglement for efficiently performing certain tasks. The experimental implementation has been achieved on many quantum systems, of which nuclear magnetic resonance has shown the largest progress in terms of number of qubits. This paper describes the use of a spin-7/2 as a three-qubit system and experimentally implements the half-adder and subtractor operations. The required qubits are realized by partially orienting /sup 133/Cs nuclei in a liquid-crystalline medium, yielding a quadrupolar split well-resolved septet. Another feature of this paper is the proposal that labeling of quantum states of system can be suitably chosen to increase the efficiency of a computational task

quantum-inform process by nuclear magnet reson : experiment implement of half-add and subtractor oper use an orient spin-7/2 system
 the advantag of use quantum system for perform mani comput task have alreadi been establish . sever quantum algorithm have been develop which exploit the inher properti of quantum system such as superposit of state and entangl for effici perform certain task . the experiment implement ha been achiev on mani quantum system , of which nuclear magnet reson ha shown the largest progress in term of number of qubit . thi paper describ the use of a spin-7/2 as a three-qubit system and experiment implement the half-add and subtractor oper . the requir qubit are realiz by partial orient /sup 133 / cs nuclei in a liquid-crystallin medium , yield a quadrupolar split well-resolv septet . anoth featur of thi paper is the propos that label of quantum state of system can be suitabl chosen to increas the effici of a comput task

quantum-information processing
nuclear magnetic resonance
subtractor operations
oriented spin-7/2 system
quantum systems
computational tasks
computational tasks
quantum algorithms
entanglement
qubits
three-qubit system
/sup 133/Cs nuclei
/sup 133/Cs
liquid-crystalline medium
quadrupolar split well-resolved septet
quantum states
half-adder operations
state superposition
computational task


Clausal resolution in a logic of rational agency

Abstract: A resolution based proof system for a Temporal Logic of Possible Belief is presented. This logic is the combination of the branching-time temporal logic CTL (representing change over time) with the modal logic KD45 (representing belief). Such combinations of temporal or dynamic logics and modal logics are useful for specifying complex properties of multi-agent systems. Proof methods are important for developing verification techniques for these complex multi-modal logics. Soundness, completeness and termination of the proof method are shown and simple examples illustrating its use are given

clausal resolut in a logic of ration agenc
 a resolut base proof system for a tempor logic of possibl belief is present . thi logic is the combin of the branching-tim tempor logic ctl ( repres chang over time ) with the modal logic kd45 ( repres belief ) . such combin of tempor or dynam logic and modal logic are use for specifi complex properti of multi-ag system . proof method are import for develop verif techniqu for these complex multi-mod logic . sound , complet and termin of the proof method are shown and simpl exampl illustr it use are given

resolution based proof system
temporal logic
belief
branching-time temporal logic
CTL
modal logic
KD45
dynamic logics
multi-agent systems
multi-modal logics
rational agents


Editorial system vendors focus on Adobe and the future

Abstract: Looking over the newspaper-system market, we note that the Mac is getting new respect. Adobe InDesign has established itself as a solid alternative to Quark XPress for pagination. Positioning themselves for the long run, developers are gradually shifting to new software architectures

editori system vendor focu on adob and the futur
 look over the newspaper-system market , we note that the mac is get new respect . adob indesign ha establish itself as a solid altern to quark xpress for pagin . posit themselv for the long run , develop are gradual shift to new softwar architectur

newspaper-system market
Adobe InDesign
pagination
Macintosh
publishing


A fuzzy-soft learning vector quantization for control chart pattern recognition

Abstract: This paper presents a supervised competitive learning network approach, called a fuzzy-soft learning vector quantization, for control chart pattern recognition. Unnatural patterns in control charts mean that there are some unnatural causes for variations in statistical process control (SPC). Hence, control chart pattern recognition becomes more important in SPC. In order to detect effectively the patterns for the six main types of control charts, Pham and Oztemel (1994) described a class of pattern recognizers for control charts based on the learning vector quantization (LVQ) such as LVQ, LVQ2 and LVQ-X etc. In this paper, we propose a new supervised LVQ for control charts based on a fuzzy-soft competitive learning network. The proposed fuzzy-soft LVQ (FS-LVQ) uses a fuzzy relaxation technique and simultaneously updates all neurons. It can increase correct recognition accuracy and also decrease the learning time. Comparisons between LVQ, LVQ-X and FS-LVQ are made

a fuzzy-soft learn vector quantiz for control chart pattern recognit
 thi paper present a supervis competit learn network approach , call a fuzzy-soft learn vector quantiz , for control chart pattern recognit . unnatur pattern in control chart mean that there are some unnatur caus for variat in statist process control ( spc ) . henc , control chart pattern recognit becom more import in spc . in order to detect effect the pattern for the six main type of control chart , pham and oztemel ( 1994 ) describ a class of pattern recogn for control chart base on the learn vector quantiz ( lvq ) such as lvq , lvq2 and lvq-x etc . in thi paper , we propos a new supervis lvq for control chart base on a fuzzy-soft competit learn network . the propos fuzzy-soft lvq ( fs-lvq ) use a fuzzi relax techniqu and simultan updat all neuron . it can increas correct recognit accuraci and also decreas the learn time . comparison between lvq , lvq-x and fs-lvq are made


VoIP makeover transforms ugly duckling network

Abstract: Surrey County Council's Swan project is Europe's biggest implementation of voice over IP. Six Wans and countless Lans are are being consolidated into a single network covering 6,000 users at 200 sites. The contract was signed in October 2001 for Pounds 13m over five years and rollout will be completed in May 2003

voip makeov transform ugli duckl network
 surrey counti council 's swan project is europ 's biggest implement of voic over ip . six wan and countless lan are are be consolid into a singl network cover 6,000 user at 200 site . the contract wa sign in octob 2001 for pound 13 m over five year and rollout will be complet in may 2003

Surrey County Council
Swan
WAN
voice over IP
LAN


Information access for all: meeting the needs of deaf and hard of hearing people

Abstract: Discusses the nature of deafness and hearing impairments, with particular reference to the impact which the onset of hearing loss presents at various ages. The author goes on to present practical tips for interacting with deaf and hard of hearing clients in various communication contexts, including sightreading, TTY communications, and ASL interpreters. An annotated list of suggested readings is appended

inform access for all : meet the need of deaf and hard of hear peopl
 discuss the natur of deaf and hear impair , with particular refer to the impact which the onset of hear loss present at variou age . the author goe on to present practic tip for interact with deaf and hard of hear client in variou commun context , includ sightread , tti commun , and asl interpret . an annot list of suggest read is append

information access
deafness
hearing impairments
hard of hearing clients
communication contexts
sightreading
TTY communications
ASL interpreters
deaf clients


'Virtual Family': an approach to introducing Java programming

Abstract: This paper introduces and discusses Virtual Family (VF): a gender-neutral game-based software that introduces Java programming. VF provides a completely functioning game that students extend and enhance via programming. We discuss the background and context within which Virtual Family was developed and other available multimedia resources for teaching programming. The paper then goes on to describe Virtual Family's concept and design. Finally, feedback received from Virtual Family teaching workshops is related, as well as preliminary results from using VF in high-school teaching units. Virtual Family is under development in a research lab at the University of British Columbia and is an initiative of Supporting Women in Information Technology (SWIFT). SWIFT is a five-year research action and implementation project to increase the participation of women in information technology

' virtual famili ' : an approach to introduc java program
 thi paper introduc and discuss virtual famili ( vf ): a gender-neutr game-bas softwar that introduc java program . vf provid a complet function game that student extend and enhanc via program . we discuss the background and context within which virtual famili wa develop and other avail multimedia resourc for teach program . the paper then goe on to describ virtual famili 's concept and design . final , feedback receiv from virtual famili teach workshop is relat , as well as preliminari result from use vf in high-school teach unit . virtual famili is under develop in a research lab at the univers of british columbia and is an initi of support women in inform technolog ( swift ) . swift is a five-year research action and implement project to increas the particip of women in inform technolog


Genetic algorithm-neural network estimation of Cobb angle from torso asymmetry in scoliosis

Abstract: Scoliosis severity, measured by the Cobb angle, was estimated by artificial neural network from indices of torso surface asymmetry using a genetic algorithm to select the optimal set of input torso indices. Estimates of the Cobb angle were accurate within 5 degrees in two-thirds, and within 10 degrees in six-sevenths, of a test set of 115 scans of 48 scoliosis patients, showing promise for future longitudinal studies to detect scoliosis progression without use of X-rays

genet algorithm-neur network estim of cobb angl from torso asymmetri in scoliosi
 scoliosi sever , measur by the cobb angl , wa estim by artifici neural network from indic of torso surfac asymmetri use a genet algorithm to select the optim set of input torso indic . estim of the cobb angl were accur within 5 degre in two-third , and within 10 degre in six-seventh , of a test set of 115 scan of 48 scoliosi patient , show promis for futur longitudin studi to detect scoliosi progress without use of x-ray

genetic algorithm
Cobb angle
artificial neural network
torso surface asymmetry
input torso indices
scoliosis patients
scoliosis progression


The role and future of subject classification: the exploitation of resources

Abstract: It is imperative that the library information systems (LIS) profession and LIS educators appreciate fully the contribution that classification makes to the discipline and that it is no longer seen as the domain of the academic, isolated theorist, but becomes an integral part of our understanding of the contribution that the LIS community can make to society as a whole - as well as to particular areas such as legal information

the role and futur of subject classif : the exploit of resourc
 it is imper that the librari inform system ( li ) profess and li educ appreci fulli the contribut that classif make to the disciplin and that it is no longer seen as the domain of the academ , isol theorist , but becom an integr part of our understand of the contribut that the li commun can make to societi as a whole - as well as to particular area such as legal inform

subject classification
library information systems
LIS
legal information
information resources


IT challenge: cross selling [finance]

Abstract: Like most financial institutions, FleetBoston, Fidelity and Berkshire Group of Companies are being charged with developing a strong technology platform that will allow them to cross sell their products and services. They discuss their solutions, advice and technology choices

it challeng : cross sell [ financ ]
 like most financi institut , fleetboston , fidel and berkshir group of compani are be charg with develop a strong technolog platform that will allow them to cross sell their product and servic . they discuss their solut , advic and technolog choic

cross selling
financial institutions
FleetBoston
Fidelity
Berkshire Group


Noise and the PSTH response to current transients: II. Integrate-and-fire model with slow recovery and application to motoneuron data

Abstract: For pt.I see ibid., vol.11, no.2 , p.135-151( 2001). A generalized version of the integrate-and-fire model is presented that qualitatively reproduces firing rates and membrane trajectories of motoneurons. The description is based on the spike-response model and includes three different time constants: the passive membrane time constant, a recovery time of the input conductance after each spike, and a time constant of the spike afterpotential. The effect of stochastic background input on the peristimulus time histogram (PSTH) response to spike input is calculated analytically. Model results are compared with the experimental data of Poliakov et al. (1996). The linearized theory shows that the PSTH response to an input spike is proportional to a filtered version of the postsynaptic potential generated by the input spike. The shape of the filter depends on the background activity. The full nonlinear theory is in close agreement with simulated PSTH data

nois and the psth respons to current transient : ii . integrate-and-fir model with slow recoveri and applic to motoneuron data
 for pt . i see ibid . , vol.11 , no.2 , p.135 - 151 ( 2001 ) . a gener version of the integrate-and-fir model is present that qualit reproduc fire rate and membran trajectori of motoneuron . the descript is base on the spike-respons model and includ three differ time constant : the passiv membran time constant , a recoveri time of the input conduct after each spike , and a time constant of the spike afterpotenti . the effect of stochast background input on the peristimulu time histogram ( psth ) respons to spike input is calcul analyt . model result are compar with the experiment data of poliakov et al . ( 1996 ) . the linear theori show that the psth respons to an input spike is proport to a filter version of the postsynapt potenti gener by the input spike . the shape of the filter depend on the background activ . the full nonlinear theori is in close agreement with simul psth data

PSTH
integrate-and-fire model
motoneuron
firing rates
membrane trajectories
spike-response model
passive membrane time constant
recovery time
spike afterpotential


Convergence of Runge-Kutta methods for nonlinear parabolic equations

Abstract: We study time discretizations of fully nonlinear parabolic differential equations. Our analysis uses the fact that the linearization along the exact solution is a uniformly sectorial operator. We derive smooth and nonsmooth-data error estimates for the backward Euler method, and we prove convergence for strongly A (v)-stable Runge-Kutta methods. For the latter, the order of convergence for smooth solutions is essentially determined by the stage order of the method. Numerical examples illustrating the convergence estimates are presented

converg of runge-kutta method for nonlinear parabol equat
 we studi time discret of fulli nonlinear parabol differenti equat . our analysi use the fact that the linear along the exact solut is a uniformli sectori oper . we deriv smooth and nonsmooth-data error estim for the backward euler method , and we prove converg for strongli a ( v)-stabl runge-kutta method . for the latter , the order of converg for smooth solut is essenti determin by the stage order of the method . numer exampl illustr the converg estim are present


Angular disparity in ETACT scintimammography

Abstract: Emission tuned aperture computed tomography (ETACT) has been previously shown to have the potential for the detection of small tumors (<1 cm) in scintimammography. However, the optimal approach to the application of ETACT in the clinic has yet to be determined. Therefore, we sought to determine the effect of the angular disparity between the ETACT projections on image quality through the use of a computer simulation. A small, spherical tumor of variable size (5, 7.5 or 10 mm) was placed at the center of a hemispherical breast (15 cm diameter). The tumor to nontumor ratio was either 5:1 or 10:1. The detector was modeled to be a gamma camera fitted with a 4-mm-diam pinhole collimator. The pinhole-to-detector and the pinhole-to-tumor distances were 25 and 15 cm, respectively. A ray tracing technique was used to generate three sets of projections (10 degrees , 15 degrees , and 20 degrees , angular disparity). These data were blurred to a resolution consistent with the 4 mm pinhole. The TACT reconstruction method was used to reconstruct these three image sets. The tumor contrast and the axial spatial resolution was measured. Smaller angular disparity led to an improvement in image contrast but at a cost of degraded axial spatial resolution. The improvement in contrast is due to a slight improvement in the in-plane spatial resolution. Since improved contrast should lead to better tumor detectability, smaller angular disparity should be used. However, the difference in contrast between 10 degrees and 15 degrees was very slight and therefore a reasonable clinical choice for angular disparity is 15 degrees

angular dispar in etact scintimammographi
 emiss tune apertur comput tomographi ( etact ) ha been previous shown to have the potenti for the detect of small tumor ( < 1 cm ) in scintimammographi . howev , the optim approach to the applic of etact in the clinic ha yet to be determin . therefor , we sought to determin the effect of the angular dispar between the etact project on imag qualiti through the use of a comput simul . a small , spheric tumor of variabl size ( 5 , 7.5 or 10 mm ) wa place at the center of a hemispher breast ( 15 cm diamet ) . the tumor to nontumor ratio wa either 5:1 or 10:1 . the detector wa model to be a gamma camera fit with a 4-mm-diam pinhol collim . the pinhole-to-detector and the pinhole-to-tumor distanc were 25 and 15 cm , respect . a ray trace techniqu wa use to gener three set of project ( 10 degre , 15 degre , and 20 degre , angular dispar ) . these data were blur to a resolut consist with the 4 mm pinhol . the tact reconstruct method wa use to reconstruct these three imag set . the tumor contrast and the axial spatial resolut wa measur . smaller angular dispar led to an improv in imag contrast but at a cost of degrad axial spatial resolut . the improv in contrast is due to a slight improv in the in-plan spatial resolut . sinc improv contrast should lead to better tumor detect , smaller angular dispar should be use . howev , the differ in contrast between 10 degre and 15 degre wa veri slight and therefor a reason clinic choic for angular dispar is 15 degre

emission tuned aperture computed tomography scintimammography

tuned aperture computed tomography reconstruction method


Design and implementation of a reusable and extensible HL7 encoding/decoding framework

Abstract: The Health Level Seven (HL7), an international standard for electronic data exchange in all health care environments, enables disparate computer applications to exchange key sets of clinical and administrative information. Above all, it defines the standard HL7 message formats prescribed by the standard encoding rules. In this paper, we propose a flexible, reusable, and extensible HL7 encoding and decoding framework using a message object model (MOM) and message definition repository (MDR). The MOM provides an abstract HL7 message form represented by a group of objects and their relationships. It reflects logical relationships among the standard HL7 message elements such as segments, fields, and components, while enforcing the key structural constraints imposed by the standard. Since the MOM completely eliminates the dependency of the HL7 encoder and decoder on platform-specific data formats, it makes it possible to build the encoder and decoder as reusable standalone software components, enabling the interconnection of arbitrary heterogeneous hospital information systems (HIS) with little effort. Moreover, the MDR, an external database of key definitions for HL7 messages, helps make the encoder and decoder as resilient as possible to future modifications of the standard HL7 message formats. It is also used by the encoder and decoder to perform a well-formedness check for their respective inputs (i.e., HL7 message objects expressed in the MOM and encoded HL7 message strings). Although we implemented a prototype version of the encoder and decoder using JAVA, they can be easily packaged and delivered as standalone components using the standard component frameworks

design and implement of a reusabl and extens hl7 encod / decod framework
 the health level seven ( hl7 ) , an intern standard for electron data exchang in all health care environ , enabl dispar comput applic to exchang key set of clinic and administr inform . abov all , it defin the standard hl7 messag format prescrib by the standard encod rule . in thi paper , we propos a flexibl , reusabl , and extens hl7 encod and decod framework use a messag object model ( mom ) and messag definit repositori ( mdr ) . the mom provid an abstract hl7 messag form repres by a group of object and their relationship . it reflect logic relationship among the standard hl7 messag element such as segment , field , and compon , while enforc the key structur constraint impos by the standard . sinc the mom complet elimin the depend of the hl7 encod and decod on platform-specif data format , it make it possibl to build the encod and decod as reusabl standalon softwar compon , enabl the interconnect of arbitrari heterogen hospit inform system ( hi ) with littl effort . moreov , the mdr , an extern databas of key definit for hl7 messag , help make the encod and decod as resili as possibl to futur modif of the standard hl7 messag format . it is also use by the encod and decod to perform a well-formed check for their respect input ( i.e. , hl7 messag object express in the mom and encod hl7 messag string ) . although we implement a prototyp version of the encod and decod use java , they can be easili packag and deliv as standalon compon use the standard compon framework

P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P R R R U U U R


Fast accurate MEG source localization using a multilayer perceptron trained with real brain noise

Abstract: Iterative gradient methods such as Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) are in widespread use for source localization from electroencephalographic (EEG) and magnetoencephalographic (MEG) signals. Unfortunately, LM depends sensitively on the initial guess, necessitating repeated runs. This, combined with LM's high per-step cost, makes its computational burden quite high. To reduce this burden, we trained a multilayer perceptron (MLP) as a realtime localizer. We used an analytical model of quasistatic electromagnetic propagation through a spherical head to map randomly chosen dipoles to sensor activities according to the sensor geometry of a 4D Neuroimaging Neuromag-122 MEG system, and trained a MLP to invert this mapping in the absence of noise or in the presence of various sorts of noise such as white Gaussian noise, correlated noise, or real brain noise. A MLP structure was chosen to trade off computation and accuracy. This MLP was trained four times, with each type of noise. We measured the effects of initial guesses on LM performance, which motivated a hybrid MLP-start-LM method, in which the trained MLP initializes LM. We also compared the localization performance of LM, MLPs, and hybrid MLP-start-LMs for realistic brain signals. Trained MLPs are much faster than other methods, while the hybrid MLP-start-LMs are faster and more accurate than fixed-4-start-LM. In particular, the hybrid MLP-start-LM initialized by a MLP trained with the real brain noise dataset is 60 times faster and is comparable in accuracy to random-20-start-LM, and this hybrid system (localization error: 0.28 cm, computation time: 36 ms) shows almost as good performance as optimal-1-start-LM (localization error: 0.23 cm, computation time: 22 ms), which initializes LM with the correct dipole location. MLPs trained with noise perform better than the MLP trained without noise, and the MLP trained with real brain noise is almost as good an initial guesser for LM as the correct dipole location

fast accur meg sourc local use a multilay perceptron train with real brain nois
 iter gradient method such as levenberg-marquardt ( lm ) are in widespread use for sourc local from electroencephalograph ( eeg ) and magnetoencephalograph ( meg ) signal . unfortun , lm depend sensit on the initi guess , necessit repeat run . thi , combin with lm 's high per-step cost , make it comput burden quit high . to reduc thi burden , we train a multilay perceptron ( mlp ) as a realtim local . we use an analyt model of quasistat electromagnet propag through a spheric head to map randomli chosen dipol to sensor activ accord to the sensor geometri of a 4d neuroimag neuromag-122 meg system , and train a mlp to invert thi map in the absenc of nois or in the presenc of variou sort of nois such as white gaussian nois , correl nois , or real brain nois . a mlp structur wa chosen to trade off comput and accuraci . thi mlp wa train four time , with each type of nois . we measur the effect of initi guess on lm perform , which motiv a hybrid mlp-start-lm method , in which the train mlp initi lm . we also compar the local perform of lm , mlp , and hybrid mlp-start-lm for realist brain signal . train mlp are much faster than other method , while the hybrid mlp-start-lm are faster and more accur than fixed-4-start-lm . in particular , the hybrid mlp-start-lm initi by a mlp train with the real brain nois dataset is 60 time faster and is compar in accuraci to random-20-start-lm , and thi hybrid system ( local error : 0.28 cm , comput time : 36 ms ) show almost as good perform as optimal-1-start-lm ( local error : 0.23 cm , comput time : 22 ms ) , which initi lm with the correct dipol locat . mlp train with nois perform better than the mlp train without nois , and the mlp train with real brain nois is almost as good an initi guesser for lm as the correct dipol locat

MEG source localization
multilayer perceptron
real brain noise
iterative gradient methods
analytical model
quasistatic electromagnetic propagation
spherical head
white Gaussian noise
correlated noise
fast accurate localization
real-time localizer
computation accuracy
Levenberg-Marquardt method
forward model


The cataloger's workstation revisited: utilizing Cataloger's Desktop

Abstract: A few years into the development of Cataloger's Desktop, an electronic cataloging tool aggregator available through the Library of Congress, is an opportune time to assess its impact on cataloging operations. A search for online cataloging tools on the Internet indicates a proliferation of cataloging tool aggregators; which provide access to online documentation related to cataloging practices and procedures. Cataloger's Desktop stands out as a leader among these aggregators. Results of a survey to assess 159 academic ARL and large public libraries' reasons for use or non-use of Cataloger's Desktop highlight the necessity of developing strategies for its successful implementation including training staff, providing documentation, and managing technical issues

the catalog 's workstat revisit : util catalog 's desktop
 a few year into the develop of catalog 's desktop , an electron catalog tool aggreg avail through the librari of congress , is an opportun time to assess it impact on catalog oper . a search for onlin catalog tool on the internet indic a prolifer of catalog tool aggreg ; which provid access to onlin document relat to catalog practic and procedur . catalog 's desktop stand out as a leader among these aggreg . result of a survey to assess 159 academ arl and larg public librari ' reason for use or non-us of catalog 's desktop highlight the necess of develop strategi for it success implement includ train staff , provid document , and manag technic issu

cataloger's workstation
Cataloger's Desktop
electronic cataloging tool
cataloging tool aggregators
online cataloging tools
Internet
online documentation
documentation
academic ARL
large public libraries
managing technical issues
staff training


Comparison between discrete STFT and wavelets for the analysis of power quality events

Abstract: This paper deals with the comparison of signal processing tools for power quality analysis. Two signal processing techniques are considered: the wavelet filters and the discrete short-time Fourier transforms (STFT). Then, examples of the two most frequent disturbances met in the power system are chosen. An adjustable speed drive with a six-pulse converter using EMTP/ATP is designed and normal energizing of utility capacitors is presented . The analysis is tested on a system consisting of 13 buses and is representative of a medium-sized industrial plant. Finally, each kind of electrical disturbance is analyzed with examples representing each tool. A qualitative comparison of results shows the advantages and drawbacks of each signal processing technique applied to power quality analysis

comparison between discret stft and wavelet for the analysi of power qualiti event
 thi paper deal with the comparison of signal process tool for power qualiti analysi . two signal process techniqu are consid : the wavelet filter and the discret short-tim fourier transform ( stft ) . then , exampl of the two most frequent disturb met in the power system are chosen . an adjust speed drive with a six-puls convert use emtp / atp is design and normal energ of util capacitor is present . the analysi is test on a system consist of 13 buse and is repres of a medium-s industri plant . final , each kind of electr disturb is analyz with exampl repres each tool . a qualit comparison of result show the advantag and drawback of each signal process techniqu appli to power qualiti analysi

discrete STFT
wavelets
power quality events
signal processing tools
signal processing techniques
wavelet filters
discrete short-time Fourier transforms
short-time Fourier transforms
adjustable speed drive
six-pulse converter
EMTP/ATP
utility capacitors
medium-sized industrial plant
electrical disturbance


Why information departments are becoming academic

Abstract: This article outlines the increasing convergence between academia and business over the last decade or so, and the mutual benefits that this closer association has brought. It also looks at the growing importance of the information profession, suggesting that this is leading to a greater need for specialist skills, as reflected by the rise in academic courses in this area. However, it argues that increasing specialization must not lead to insularity; if information professionals are truly concerned with gaining a competitive advantage, they must not close their minds to the potential benefits of working with external, non specialist, partners. The benefits that business has reaped from academia, it is contended, suggest that this may also be a fruitful avenue for information departments to explore

whi inform depart are becom academ
 thi articl outlin the increas converg between academia and busi over the last decad or so , and the mutual benefit that thi closer associ ha brought . it also look at the grow import of the inform profess , suggest that thi is lead to a greater need for specialist skill , as reflect by the rise in academ cours in thi area . howev , it argu that increas special must not lead to insular ; if inform profession are truli concern with gain a competit advantag , they must not close their mind to the potenti benefit of work with extern , non specialist , partner . the benefit that busi ha reap from academia , it is contend , suggest that thi may also be a fruit avenu for inform depart to explor

information departments
academia
business
information profession
specialist skills
academic courses
information science
universities


Technology decisions 2002

Abstract: The paper looks at the critical hardware, software, and services choices manufacturers are making as they begin to emerge from the recession and position themselves for the future

technolog decis 2002
 the paper look at the critic hardwar , softwar , and servic choic manufactur are make as they begin to emerg from the recess and posit themselv for the futur

services choices
manufacturing industries
information technology
management of change
customer relationship management
enterprise resource planning


Bigger is better: the influence of physical size on aesthetic preference judgments

Abstract: The hypothesis that the physical size of an object can influence aesthetic preferences was investigated. In a series of four experiments, participants were presented with pairs of abstract stimuli and asked to indicate which member of each pair they preferred. A preference for larger stimuli was found on the majority of trials using various types of stimuli, stimuli of various sizes, and with both adult and 3-year-old participants. This preference pattern was disrupted only when participants had both stimuli that provided a readily accessible alternative source of preference-evoking information and sufficient attentional resources to make their preference judgments

bigger is better : the influenc of physic size on aesthet prefer judgment
 the hypothesi that the physic size of an object can influenc aesthet prefer wa investig . in a seri of four experi , particip were present with pair of abstract stimuli and ask to indic which member of each pair they prefer . a prefer for larger stimuli wa found on the major of trial use variou type of stimuli , stimuli of variou size , and with both adult and 3-year-old particip . thi prefer pattern wa disrupt onli when particip had both stimuli that provid a readili access altern sourc of preference-evok inform and suffici attent resourc to make their prefer judgment

aesthetic preference judgments
abstract stimuli
preference pattern
preference-evoking information
attentional resources
physical size influence
decision making
preference formation
judgment cues
adult participants
child participants


On fuzzy and probabilistic control charts

Abstract: In this article, different procedures of constructing control charts for linguistic data, based on fuzzy and probability theory, are discussed. Three sets of membership functions, with different degrees of fuzziness, are proposed for fuzzy approaches. A comparison between fuzzy and probability approaches, based on the Average Run Length and samples under control, is conducted for real data. Contrary to the conclusions of Raz and Wang (1990) the choice of degree of fuzziness affected the sensitivity of control charts

on fuzzi and probabilist control chart
 in thi articl , differ procedur of construct control chart for linguist data , base on fuzzi and probabl theori , are discuss . three set of membership function , with differ degre of fuzzi , are propos for fuzzi approach . a comparison between fuzzi and probabl approach , base on the averag run length and sampl under control , is conduct for real data . contrari to the conclus of raz and wang ( 1990 ) the choic of degre of fuzzi affect the sensit of control chart

probabilistic control charts
linguistic data
membership functions
average run length
sensitivity
fuzzy control charts
control chart construction
fuzziness degree
fuzzy subsets
porcelain products


Numerical modeling of the flow in stenosed coronary artery. The relationship between main hemodynamic parameters

Abstract: The severity of coronary arterial stenosis is usually measured by either simple geometrical parameters, such as percent diameter stenosis, or hemodynamically based parameters, such as the fractional flow reserve (FFR) or coronary flow reserve (CFR). The present study aimed to establish a relationship between actual hemodynamic conditions and the parameters that define stenosis severity in the clinical setting. We used a computational model of the blood flow in a vessel with a blunt stenosis and an autoregulated vascular bed to simulate a stenosed blood vessel. A key point in creating realistic simulations is to properly model arterial autoregulation. A constant flow regulation mechanism resulted in CFR and FFR values that were within the physiological range, while a constant wall-shear stress model yielded unrealistic values. The simulation tools developed in the present study may be useful in the clinical assessment of single and multiple stenoses by means of minimally invasive methods

numer model of the flow in stenos coronari arteri . the relationship between main hemodynam paramet
 the sever of coronari arteri stenosi is usual measur by either simpl geometr paramet , such as percent diamet stenosi , or hemodynam base paramet , such as the fraction flow reserv ( ffr ) or coronari flow reserv ( cfr ) . the present studi aim to establish a relationship between actual hemodynam condit and the paramet that defin stenosi sever in the clinic set . we use a comput model of the blood flow in a vessel with a blunt stenosi and an autoregul vascular bed to simul a stenos blood vessel . a key point in creat realist simul is to properli model arteri autoregul . a constant flow regul mechan result in cfr and ffr valu that were within the physiolog rang , while a constant wall-shear stress model yield unrealist valu . the simul tool develop in the present studi may be use in the clinic assess of singl and multipl stenos by mean of minim invas method

numerical modeling
hemodynamic parameters
coronary arterial stenosis
stenosis severity
clinical setting
computational model
blood flow
blunt stenosis
autoregulated vascular bed
simulation
stenosed blood vessel
arterial autoregulation
constant flow regulation mechanism
physiological range
minimally invasive methods
constant wall shear stress model


Two efficient algorithms for the generalized maximum balanced flow problem

Abstract: Minoux (1976) considered the maximum balanced flow problem, i.e. the problem of finding a maximum flow in a two-terminal network N = (V,A) with source s and sink t satisfying the constraint that any arc-flow of N is bounded by a fixed proportion of the total flow value from s to t, where V is vertex set and A is arc set. As a generalization, we focus on the problem of maximizing the total flow value of a generalized flow in N with gains gamma (a) > 0 (a in A) where any arc-flow is bounded by a fixed proportion of the total flow value, where gamma (a)f(a) units arrive at the vertex w for each arc-flow f(a) (a identical to ( upsilon , w) in A) entering vertex upsilon in a generalized flow. Our main results are to propose two polynomial algorithms for this problem. The first algorithm runs in O(mM(n, m, B') log B) time, where B is the maximum absolute value among integral values used by an instance of the problem, and M(n, m, B') denotes the complexity of solving a generalized maximum flow problem in a network with n vertices, and m arcs, and a rational instance expressed with integers between 1 and B'. In the second algorithm, using a parameterized technique, runs in O({M(n, m, B')}/sup 2/) time

two effici algorithm for the gener maximum balanc flow problem
 minoux ( 1976 ) consid the maximum balanc flow problem , i.e. the problem of find a maximum flow in a two-termin network n = ( v , a ) with sourc s and sink t satisfi the constraint that ani arc-flow of n is bound by a fix proport of the total flow valu from s to t , where v is vertex set and a is arc set . as a gener , we focu on the problem of maxim the total flow valu of a gener flow in n with gain gamma ( a ) > 0 ( a in a ) where ani arc-flow is bound by a fix proport of the total flow valu , where gamma ( a)f(a ) unit arriv at the vertex w for each arc-flow f(a ) ( a ident to ( upsilon , w ) in a ) enter vertex upsilon in a gener flow . our main result are to propos two polynomi algorithm for thi problem . the first algorithm run in o(mm(n , m , b ' ) log b ) time , where b is the maximum absolut valu among integr valu use by an instanc of the problem , and m(n , m , b ' ) denot the complex of solv a gener maximum flow problem in a network with n vertic , and m arc , and a ration instanc express with integ between 1 and b ' . in the second algorithm , use a parameter techniqu , run in o({m(n , m , b')}/sup 2/ ) time


Williams nears end of Chapter 11 [telecom]

Abstract: Leucadia National Corp. comes through with a $330 million boost for Williams Communications, which should keep the carrier afloat through the remainder of its bankruptcy

william near end of chapter 11 [ telecom ]
 leucadia nation corp. come through with a $ 330 million boost for william commun , which should keep the carrier afloat through the remaind of it bankruptci

Williams Communications
bankruptcy
Leucadia National Corp


Cataloguing to help law library users

Abstract: The author takes a broader view of the catalogue than is usual; we can include within it items that have locations other than the office/library itself. This may well start with Internet resources, but can perfectly appropriately continue with standard works not held in the immediate collection but available in some other accessible collection, such as the local reference library. The essential feature is to include entries for the kind of material sought by users, with the addition of a location mark indicating where they can find it

catalogu to help law librari user
 the author take a broader view of the catalogu than is usual ; we can includ within it item that have locat other than the offic / librari itself . thi may well start with internet resourc , but can perfectli appropri continu with standard work not held in the immedi collect but avail in some other access collect , such as the local refer librari . the essenti featur is to includ entri for the kind of materi sought by user , with the addit of a locat mark indic where they can find it

cataloguing
law library users
Internet resources
reference library
location mark


A question of perspective: assigning Library of Congress subject headings to classical literature and ancient history

Abstract: This article explains the concept of world view and shows how the world view of cataloguers influences the development and assignment of subject headings to works about other cultures and civilizations, using works from classical literature and ancient history as examples. Cataloguers are encouraged to evaluate the headings they assign to works in classical literature and ancient history in terms of the world views of Ancient Greece and Rome so that headings reflect the contents of the works they describe and give fuller expression to the diversity of thoughts and themes that characterize these ancient civilizations

a question of perspect : assign librari of congress subject head to classic literatur and ancient histori
 thi articl explain the concept of world view and show how the world view of catalogu influenc the develop and assign of subject head to work about other cultur and civil , use work from classic literatur and ancient histori as exampl . catalogu are encourag to evalu the head they assign to work in classic literatur and ancient histori in term of the world view of ancient greec and rome so that head reflect the content of the work they describ and give fuller express to the divers of thought and theme that character these ancient civil

Library of Congress subject heading assignment


Intelligent optimal sieving method for FACTS device control in multi-machine systems

Abstract: A multi-target oriented optimal control strategy for FACTS devices installed in multi-machine power systems is presented in this paper, which is named the intelligent optimal sieving control (IOSC) method. This new method divides the FACTS device output region into several parts and selects one typical value from each part, which is called output candidate. Then, an intelligent optimal sieve is constructed, which predicts the impacts of each output candidate on a power system and sieves out an optimal output from all of the candidates. The artificial neural network technologies and fuzzy methods are applied to build the intelligent sieve. Finally, the real control signal of FACTS devices is calculated according to the selected optimal output through inverse system method. Simulation has been done on a three-machine power system and the results show that the proposed IOSC controller can effectively attenuate system oscillations and enhance the power system transient stability

intellig optim siev method for fact devic control in multi-machin system
 a multi-target orient optim control strategi for fact devic instal in multi-machin power system is present in thi paper , which is name the intellig optim siev control ( iosc ) method . thi new method divid the fact devic output region into sever part and select one typic valu from each part , which is call output candid . then , an intellig optim siev is construct , which predict the impact of each output candid on a power system and siev out an optim output from all of the candid . the artifici neural network technolog and fuzzi method are appli to build the intellig siev . final , the real control signal of fact devic is calcul accord to the select optim output through invers system method . simul ha been done on a three-machin power system and the result show that the propos iosc control can effect attenu system oscil and enhanc the power system transient stabil

power system transient stability enhancement


Applied ethics in business information units

Abstract: The primary thesis of this paper is that business information professionals commonly overlook ethical dilemmas in the workplace. Although the thesis remains unproven, the author highlights, by way of real and hypothetical case studies, a number of situations in which ethical tensions can be identified, and suggests that information professionals need to be more aware of the moral context of their actions. Resolving ethical dilemmas should be one of the aims of competent information professionals and their managers, although it is recognized that dilemmas often cannot easily be resolved. A background to the main theories of applied ethics forms the framework for later discussion

appli ethic in busi inform unit
 the primari thesi of thi paper is that busi inform profession commonli overlook ethic dilemma in the workplac . although the thesi remain unproven , the author highlight , by way of real and hypothet case studi , a number of situat in which ethic tension can be identifi , and suggest that inform profession need to be more awar of the moral context of their action . resolv ethic dilemma should be one of the aim of compet inform profession and their manag , although it is recogn that dilemma often can not easili be resolv . a background to the main theori of appli ethic form the framework for later discuss

applied ethics
business information units
business information professionals
ethical dilemmas
moral context


Moving into the mainstream [product lifecycle management]

Abstract: Product lifecycle management (PLM) is widely recognised by most manufacturing companies, as manufacturers begin to identify and implement targeted projects intended to deliver return-on investment in a timely fashion. Vendors are also releasing second-generation PLM products that are packaged, out-of-the-box solutions

move into the mainstream [ product lifecycl manag ]
 product lifecycl manag ( plm ) is wide recognis by most manufactur compani , as manufactur begin to identifi and implement target project intend to deliv return-on invest in a time fashion . vendor are also releas second-gener plm product that are packag , out-of-the-box solut

product lifecycle management
manufacturing companies
product data management
product development
enterprise resource planning


Computing transient gating charge movement of voltage-dependent ion channels

Abstract: The opening of voltage-gated sodium, potassium, and calcium ion channels has a steep relationship with voltage. In response to changes in the transmembrane voltage, structural movements of an ion channel that precede channel opening generate a capacitative gating current. The net gating charge displacement due to membrane depolarization is an index of the voltage sensitivity of the ion channel activation process. Understanding the molecular basis of voltage-dependent gating of ion channels requires the measurement and computation of the gating charge, Q. We derive a simple and accurate semianalytic approach to computing the voltage dependence of transient gating charge movement (Q-V relationship) of discrete Markov state models of ion channels using matrix methods. This approach allows rapid computation of Q-V curves for finite and infinite length step depolarizations and is consistent with experimentally measured transient gating charge. This computational approach was applied to Shaker potassium channel gating, including the impact of inactivating particles on potassium channel gating currents

comput transient gate charg movement of voltage-depend ion channel
 the open of voltage-g sodium , potassium , and calcium ion channel ha a steep relationship with voltag . in respons to chang in the transmembran voltag , structur movement of an ion channel that preced channel open gener a capacit gate current . the net gate charg displac due to membran depolar is an index of the voltag sensit of the ion channel activ process . understand the molecular basi of voltage-depend gate of ion channel requir the measur and comput of the gate charg , q. we deriv a simpl and accur semianalyt approach to comput the voltag depend of transient gate charg movement ( q-v relationship ) of discret markov state model of ion channel use matrix method . thi approach allow rapid comput of q-v curv for finit and infinit length step depolar and is consist with experiment measur transient gate charg . thi comput approach wa appli to shaker potassium channel gate , includ the impact of inactiv particl on potassium channel gate current

transient gating charge movement
charge movement
ion channels
transmembrane voltage
gating current
Markov state model
inactivation
action potentials
immobilization