A nonlinear time-optimal control problem

Abstract: Sufficient conditions for the existence of an optimal control in a time-optimal control problem with fixed ends for a smooth nonlinear control system are formulated. The properties of this system for characterizing the optimal control switching points are studied

a nonlinear time-optim control problem
 suffici condit for the exist of an optim control in a time-optim control problem with fix end for a smooth nonlinear control system are formul . the properti of thi system for character the optim control switch point are studi

nonlinear time-optimal control problem
smooth nonlinear control system
optimal control switching points
sufficient existence conditions


Nuclear magnetic resonance molecular photography

Abstract: A procedure is described for storing a two-dimensional (2D) pattern consisting of 32*32=1024 bits in a spin state of a molecular system and then retrieving the stored information as a stack of nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The system used is a nematic liquid crystal, the protons of which act as spin clusters with strong intramolecular interactions. The technique used is a programmable multifrequency irradiation with low amplitude. When it is applied to the liquid crystal, a large number of coherent long-lived /sup 1/H response signals can be excited, resulting in a spectrum showing many sharp peaks with controllable frequencies and amplitudes. The spectral resolution is enhanced by using a second weak pulse with a 90 degrees phase shift, so that the 1024 bits of information can be retrieved as a set of well-resolved pseudo-2D spectra reproducing the input pattern

nuclear magnet reson molecular photographi
 a procedur is describ for store a two-dimension ( 2d ) pattern consist of 32 * 32=1024 bit in a spin state of a molecular system and then retriev the store inform as a stack of nuclear magnet reson spectra . the system use is a nemat liquid crystal , the proton of which act as spin cluster with strong intramolecular interact . the techniqu use is a programm multifrequ irradi with low amplitud . when it is appli to the liquid crystal , a larg number of coher long-liv /sup 1 / h respons signal can be excit , result in a spectrum show mani sharp peak with control frequenc and amplitud . the spectral resolut is enhanc by use a second weak puls with a 90 degre phase shift , so that the 1024 bit of inform can be retriev as a set of well-resolv pseudo-2d spectra reproduc the input pattern

high-content molecular information processing

P P P P P P P P P P M R R M M U M M M U R M


IT as a key enabler to law firm competitiveness

Abstract: Professional services firms have traditionally been able to thrive in virtually any market conditions. They have been consistently successful for several decades without ever needing to reexamine or change their basic operating model. However, gradual but inexorable change in client expectations and the business environment over recent years now means that more of the same is no longer enough. In future, law firms will increasingly need to exploit IT more effectively in order to remain competitive. To do this, they will need to ensure that all their information systems function as an integrated whole and are available to their staff, clients and business partners. The authors set out the lessons to be learned for law firms in the light of the recent PA Consulting survey

it as a key enabl to law firm competit
 profession servic firm have tradit been abl to thrive in virtual ani market condit . they have been consist success for sever decad without ever need to reexamin or chang their basic oper model . howev , gradual but inexor chang in client expect and the busi environ over recent year now mean that more of the same is no longer enough . in futur , law firm will increasingli need to exploit it more effect in order to remain competit . to do thi , they will need to ensur that all their inform system function as an integr whole and are avail to their staff , client and busi partner . the author set out the lesson to be learn for law firm in the light of the recent pa consult survey

law firms
professional services firms
client expectations
business environment
information systems


The two populations' cellular automata model with predation based on the Penna model

Abstract: In Penna's (1995) single-species asexual bit-string model of biological ageing, the Verhulst factor has too strong a restraining effect on the development of the population. Danuta Makowiec gave an improved model based on the lattice, where the restraining factor of the four neighbours take the place of the Verhulst factor. Here, we discuss the two populations' Penna model with predation on the planar lattice of two dimensions. A cellular automata model containing movable wolves and sheep has been built. The results show that both the quantity of the wolves and the sheep fluctuate in accordance with the law that one quantity increases while the other one decreases

the two popul ' cellular automata model with predat base on the penna model
 in penna 's ( 1995 ) single-speci asexu bit-str model of biolog age , the verhulst factor ha too strong a restrain effect on the develop of the popul . danuta makowiec gave an improv model base on the lattic , where the restrain factor of the four neighbour take the place of the verhulst factor . here , we discuss the two popul ' penna model with predat on the planar lattic of two dimens . a cellular automata model contain movabl wolv and sheep ha been built . the result show that both the quantiti of the wolv and the sheep fluctuat in accord with the law that one quantiti increas while the other one decreas

population
cellular automata model
predation
Penna model
single-species asexual bit-string model
biological ageing
Verhulst factor
restraining effect
lattice
wolves
sheep
fluctuation
Lotka-Volterra model


Simple minds [health care IT]

Abstract: A few things done properly, and soon, is the short-term strategy for the UK NHS IT programme. Can it deliver this time?

simpl mind [ health care it ]
 a few thing done properli , and soon , is the short-term strategi for the uk nh it programm . can it deliv thi time ?

health care
strategy
UK NHS IT programme


Central hub for design assets: Adobe GoLive 6.0

Abstract: Adobe GoLive is a strong contender for Web authoring and publishing. Version 6.0 features a flexible GUI environment combined with a comprehensive workgroup and collaboration server, plus tight integration with leading design tools

central hub for design asset : adob goliv 6.0
 adob goliv is a strong contend for web author and publish . version 6.0 featur a flexibl gui environ combin with a comprehens workgroup and collabor server , plu tight integr with lead design tool

Adobe GoLive 6.0
Web authoring
GUI
collaboration server
Flash
Real
Java
application servers
workgroup server
LiveMotion 2.0
animation and scripting tool
Macromedia SWF format
workgroup environment
Web publishing environment
design-centric dynamic content


Evolution of the high-end computing market in the USA

Abstract: This paper focuses on the technological change in the high-end computing market. The discussion combines historical analysis with strategic analysis to provide a framework to analyse a key component of the computer industry. This analysis begins from the perspective of government research and development spending; then examines the confusion around the evolution of the high-end computing market in the context of standard theories of technology strategy and new product innovation. Rather than the high-end market being 'dead', one should view the market as changing due to increased capability and competition from the low-end personal computer market. The high-end market is also responding to new product innovation from the introduction of new parallel computing architectures. In the conclusion, key leverage points in the market are identified and the trends in high-end computing are highlighted with implications

evolut of the high-end comput market in the usa
 thi paper focus on the technolog chang in the high-end comput market . the discuss combin histor analysi with strateg analysi to provid a framework to analys a key compon of the comput industri . thi analysi begin from the perspect of govern research and develop spend ; then examin the confus around the evolut of the high-end comput market in the context of standard theori of technolog strategi and new product innov . rather than the high-end market be ' dead ' , one should view the market as chang due to increas capabl and competit from the low-end person comput market . the high-end market is also respond to new product innov from the introduct of new parallel comput architectur . in the conclus , key leverag point in the market are identifi and the trend in high-end comput are highlight with implic

USA
historical analysis
strategic analysis
computer industry
government research
development spending
technology strategy
new product innovation
competition
low-end personal computer market
parallel computing architectures
high-end computing market evolution
supercomputing


Exact controllability of shells in minimal time

Abstract: We prove an exact controllability result for thin cups using the Fourier method and recent improvements of Ingham (1936) type theorems

exact control of shell in minim time
 we prove an exact control result for thin cup use the fourier method and recent improv of ingham ( 1936 ) type theorem

controllability
shells
minimal time
thin cups
Fourier method
partial differential equations
Young modulus
Hilbert space
Ingham type theorems


Limits for computational electromagnetics codes imposed by computer architecture

Abstract: The algorithmic complexity of the innermost loops that determine the complexity of algorithms in computational electromagnetics (CEM) codes are analyzed according to their operation count and the impact of the underlying computer hardware. As memory chips are much slower than arithmetic processors, codes that involve a high data movement compared to the number of arithmetic operations are executed comparatively slower. Hence, matrix-matrix multiplications are much faster than matrix-vector multiplications. It is seen that it is not sufficient to compare only the complexity, but also the actual performance of algorithms to judge on faster execution. Implications involve FDTD loops, LU factorizations, and iterative solvers for dense matrices. Run times on two reference platforms, namely an Athlon 900 MHz and an HP PA 8600 processor, verify the findings

limit for comput electromagnet code impos by comput architectur
 the algorithm complex of the innermost loop that determin the complex of algorithm in comput electromagnet ( cem ) code are analyz accord to their oper count and the impact of the underli comput hardwar . as memori chip are much slower than arithmet processor , code that involv a high data movement compar to the number of arithmet oper are execut compar slower . henc , matrix-matrix multipl are much faster than matrix-vector multipl . it is seen that it is not suffici to compar onli the complex , but also the actual perform of algorithm to judg on faster execut . implic involv fdtd loop , lu factor , and iter solver for dens matric . run time on two refer platform , name an athlon 900 mhz and an hp pa 8600 processor , verifi the find

computational electromagnetics codes
computer architecture
algorithmic complexity
innermost loops
operation count
computer hardware
memory chips
data movement
matrix-matrix multiplications
matrix-vector multiplications
FDTD loops
LU factorizations
iterative solvers
dense matrices
CEM codes


Lung metastasis detection and visualization on CT images: a knowledge-based method

Abstract: A solution to the problem of lung metastasis detection on computed tomography (CT) scans of the thorax is presented. A knowledge-based top-down approach for image interpretation is used. The method is inspired by the manner in which a radiologist and radiotherapist interpret CT images before radiotherapy is planned. A two-dimensional followed by a three-dimensional analysis is performed. The algorithm first detects the thorax contour, the lungs and the ribs, which further help the detection of metastases. Thus, two types of tumors are detected: nodules and metastases located at the lung extremities. A method to visualize the anatomical structures segmented is also presented. The system was tested on 20 patients (988 total images) from the Oncology Department of La Chaux-de-Fonds Hospital and the results show that the method is reliable as a computer-aided diagnostic tool for clinical purpose in an oncology department

lung metastasi detect and visual on ct imag : a knowledge-bas method
 a solut to the problem of lung metastasi detect on comput tomographi ( ct ) scan of the thorax is present . a knowledge-bas top-down approach for imag interpret is use . the method is inspir by the manner in which a radiologist and radiotherapist interpret ct imag befor radiotherapi is plan . a two-dimension follow by a three-dimension analysi is perform . the algorithm first detect the thorax contour , the lung and the rib , which further help the detect of metastas . thu , two type of tumor are detect : nodul and metastas locat at the lung extrem . a method to visual the anatom structur segment is also present . the system wa test on 20 patient ( 988 total imag ) from the oncolog depart of la chaux-de-fond hospit and the result show that the method is reliabl as a computer-aid diagnost tool for clinic purpos in an oncolog depart

lung metastasis detection
CT images
computed tomography
thorax
knowledge-based top-down approach
image interpretation
three-dimensional analysis
oncology
computer-aided diagnostic tool
data visualization
two-dimensional analysis
medical imaging
knowledge representation


WEXTOR: a Web-based tool for generating and visualizing experimental designs and procedures

Abstract: WEXTOR is a Javascript-based experiment generator and teaching tool on the World Wide Web that can be used to design laboratory and Web experiments in a guided step-by-step process. It dynamically creates the customized Web pages and Javascripts needed for the experimental procedure and provides experimenters with a print-ready visual display of their experimental design. WEXTOR flexibly supports complete and incomplete factorial designs with between-subjects, within-subjects, and quasi-experimental factors, as well as mixed designs. The software implements client-side response time measurement and contains a content wizard for creating interactive materials, as well as dependent measures (graphical scales, multiple-choice items, etc.), on the experiment pages. However, it does not aim to replace a full-fledged HTML editor. Several methodological features specifically needed in Web experimental design have been implemented in the Web-based tool and are described in this paper. WEXTOR is platform independent. The created Web pages can be uploaded to any type of Web server in which data may be recorded in logfiles or via a database. The current version of WEXTOR is freely available for educational and noncommercial purposes. Its Web address is http://www.genpsylab.unizh.ch/wextor/index.html

wextor : a web-bas tool for gener and visual experiment design and procedur
 wextor is a javascript-bas experi gener and teach tool on the world wide web that can be use to design laboratori and web experi in a guid step-by-step process . it dynam creat the custom web page and javascript need for the experiment procedur and provid experiment with a print-readi visual display of their experiment design . wextor flexibl support complet and incomplet factori design with between-subject , within-subject , and quasi-experiment factor , as well as mix design . the softwar implement client-sid respons time measur and contain a content wizard for creat interact materi , as well as depend measur ( graphic scale , multiple-choic item , etc . ) , on the experi page . howev , it doe not aim to replac a full-fledg html editor . sever methodolog featur specif need in web experiment design have been implement in the web-bas tool and are describ in thi paper . wextor is platform independ . the creat web page can be upload to ani type of web server in which data may be record in logfil or via a databas . the current version of wextor is freeli avail for educ and noncommerci purpos . it web address is http://www.genpsylab.unizh.ch/wextor/index.html

WEXTOR
Web-based tool
Javascript-based experiment generator
teaching tool
World Wide Web
customized Web pages
print-ready visual display
factorial designs
client-side response time measurement
content wizard
HTML
Web server
logfiles
database
experimental design visualization
free software


Complexity transitions in global algorithms for sparse linear systems over finite fields

Abstract: We study the computational complexity of a very basic problem, namely that of finding solutions to a very large set of random linear equations in a finite Galois field modulo q. Using tools from statistical mechanics we are able to identify phase transitions in the structure of the solution space and to connect them to the changes in the performance of a global algorithm, namely Gaussian elimination. Crossing phase boundaries produces a dramatic increase in memory and CPU requirements necessary for the algorithms. In turn, this causes the saturation of the upper bounds for the running time. We illustrate the results on the specific problem of integer factorization, which is of central interest for deciphering messages encrypted with the RSA cryptosystem

complex transit in global algorithm for spars linear system over finit field
 we studi the comput complex of a veri basic problem , name that of find solut to a veri larg set of random linear equat in a finit galoi field modulo q. use tool from statist mechan we are abl to identifi phase transit in the structur of the solut space and to connect them to the chang in the perform of a global algorithm , name gaussian elimin . cross phase boundari produc a dramat increas in memori and cpu requir necessari for the algorithm . in turn , thi caus the satur of the upper bound for the run time . we illustr the result on the specif problem of integ factor , which is of central interest for deciph messag encrypt with the rsa cryptosystem

complexity transitions
global algorithms
sparse linear systems
finite fields
random linear equations
finite Galois field
statistical mechanics
Gaussian elimination
phase boundaries
integer factorization
encryption
RSA cryptosystem
message deciphering
disordered systems


Learning weights for the quasi-weighted means

Abstract: We study the determination of weights for quasi-weighted means (also called quasi-linear means) when a set of examples is given. We consider first a simple case, the learning of weights for weighted means, and then we extend the approach to the more general case of a quasi-weighted mean. We consider the case of a known arbitrary generator f. The paper finishes considering the use of parametric functions that are suitable when the values to aggregate are measure values or ratio

learn weight for the quasi-weight mean
 we studi the determin of weight for quasi-weight mean ( also call quasi-linear mean ) when a set of exampl is given . we consid first a simpl case , the learn of weight for weight mean , and then we extend the approach to the more gener case of a quasi-weight mean . we consid the case of a known arbitrari gener f. the paper finish consid the use of parametr function that are suitabl when the valu to aggreg are measur valu or ratio

learning
quasi-weighted means
quasi-linear means
parametric functions
measure values
ratio values


Prediction of ultraviolet spectral absorbance using quantitative structure-property relationships

Abstract: High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometric detection is a common method for analyzing reaction products in organic chemistry. This procedure would benefit from a computational model for predicting the relative response of organic molecules. Models are now reported for the prediction of the integrated UV absorbance for a diverse set of organic compounds using a quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) approach. A seven-descriptor linear correlation with a squared correlation coefficient (R/sup 2/) of 0.815 is reported for a data set of 521.compounds. Using the sum of ZINDO oscillator strengths in the integration range as an additional descriptor allowed reduction in the number of descriptors producing a robust model for 460 compounds with five descriptors and a squared correlation coefficient 0.857. The descriptors used in the models are discussed with respect to the physical nature of the UV absorption process

predict of ultraviolet spectral absorb use quantit structure-properti relationship
 high perform liquid chromatographi ( hplc ) with ultraviolet ( uv ) spectrophotometr detect is a common method for analyz reaction product in organ chemistri . thi procedur would benefit from a comput model for predict the rel respons of organ molecul . model are now report for the predict of the integr uv absorb for a divers set of organ compound use a quantit structure-properti relationship ( qspr ) approach . a seven-descriptor linear correl with a squar correl coeffici ( r / sup 2/ ) of 0.815 is report for a data set of 521.compound . use the sum of zindo oscil strength in the integr rang as an addit descriptor allow reduct in the number of descriptor produc a robust model for 460 compound with five descriptor and a squar correl coeffici 0.857 . the descriptor use in the model are discuss with respect to the physic natur of the uv absorpt process

ultraviolet spectral absorbance prediction


Variable structure intelligent control for PM synchronous servo motor drive

Abstract: The variable structure control (VSC) of discrete time systems based on intelligent control is presented in this paper. A novel approach is proposed for the state estimation. A linear observer is firstly designed. Then a neural network is used for compensating uncertainty. The parameter of the VSC scheme is adjusted online by a neural network. Practical operating results from a PM synchronous motor (PMSM) illustrate the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed approach

variabl structur intellig control for pm synchron servo motor drive
 the variabl structur control ( vsc ) of discret time system base on intellig control is present in thi paper . a novel approach is propos for the state estim . a linear observ is firstli design . then a neural network is use for compens uncertainti . the paramet of the vsc scheme is adjust onlin by a neural network . practic oper result from a pm synchron motor ( pmsm ) illustr the effect and practic of the propos approach

variable structure intelligent control
PM synchronous servo motor drive
discrete time systems
state estimation
linear observer
neural network
control design
uncertainty compensation
control performance


2002 in-house fulfillment systems report [publishing]

Abstract: CM's 13th annual survey of in-house fulfillment system suppliers brings you up to date on the current capabilities of the leading publication software packages

2002 in-hous fulfil system report [ publish ]
 cm 's 13th annual survey of in-hous fulfil system supplier bring you up to date on the current capabl of the lead public softwar packag

in-house fulfillment system
survey
suppliers
publication software packages


From a biological to a computational model for the autonomous behavior of an animat

Abstract: Endowing an autonomous system like a robot with intelligent behavior is difficult for several reasons. First, behavior is such a wide topic that a general framework paradigm of inspiration must be chosen in order to obtain a consistent model. Such a framework can be, for example, biological modeling or an artificial intelligence approach. Second, a general framework is not sufficient to determine a fully specified program to be implemented in a robot. Many choices, tuning and tests must be carried out before obtaining a robust system. A biological model is presented, based on the definition of cortex-like automata, representing elementary functions in the perceptive, motor or associative domain. These automata are connected in a network whose architecture, functioning and learning rules are described in a cortical framework. Second, the computational model derived from that biological model is specified. The way units exchange and compute variables through links is explained, with reference to corresponding biological elements. It is then easier to report experiments allowing an autonomous system to learn regularities of a simple environment and to exploit them to satisfy some internal drives. Even if additional biological hints can be added, this model allow us to better understand how a biological model can be implemented and how biological properties can emerge from a distributed set of units

from a biolog to a comput model for the autonom behavior of an animat
 endow an autonom system like a robot with intellig behavior is difficult for sever reason . first , behavior is such a wide topic that a gener framework paradigm of inspir must be chosen in order to obtain a consist model . such a framework can be , for exampl , biolog model or an artifici intellig approach . second , a gener framework is not suffici to determin a fulli specifi program to be implement in a robot . mani choic , tune and test must be carri out befor obtain a robust system . a biolog model is present , base on the definit of cortex-lik automata , repres elementari function in the percept , motor or associ domain . these automata are connect in a network whose architectur , function and learn rule are describ in a cortic framework . second , the comput model deriv from that biolog model is specifi . the way unit exchang and comput variabl through link is explain , with refer to correspond biolog element . it is then easier to report experi allow an autonom system to learn regular of a simpl environ and to exploit them to satisfi some intern drive . even if addit biolog hint can be ad , thi model allow us to better understand how a biolog model can be implement and how biolog properti can emerg from a distribut set of unit

computational model
autonomous behavior
animat
autonomous system
robot
intelligent behavior
biological model
tuning
tests
robust system
cortex-like automata
elementary functions
associative domain
architecture
learning rules
links
simple environment
internal drives
perceptive domain
motor domain
variable computation
variable exchange
regularity learning

P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P R R R R R


A 120-mW 3-D rendering engine with 6-Mb embedded DRAM and 3.2-GB/s runtime reconfigurable bus for PDA chip

Abstract: A low-power three-dimensional (3-D) rendering engine is implemented as part of a mobile personal digital assistant (PDA) chip. Six-megabit embedded DRAM macros attached to 8-pixel-parallel rendering logic are logically localized with a 3.2-GB/s runtime reconfigurable bus, reducing the area by 25% compared with conventional local frame-buffer architectures. The low power consumption is achieved by polygon-dependent access to the embedded DRAM macros with line-block mapping providing read-modify-write data transaction. The 3-D rendering engine with 2.22-Mpolygons/s drawing speed was fabricated using 0.18- mu m CMOS embedded memory logic technology. Its area is 24 mm/sup 2/ and its power consumption is 120 mW

a 120-mw 3-d render engin with 6-mb embed dram and 3.2-gb / s runtim reconfigur bu for pda chip
 a low-pow three-dimension ( 3-d ) render engin is implement as part of a mobil person digit assist ( pda ) chip . six-megabit embed dram macro attach to 8-pixel-parallel render logic are logic local with a 3.2-gb / s runtim reconfigur bu , reduc the area by 25 % compar with convent local frame-buff architectur . the low power consumpt is achiev by polygon-depend access to the embed dram macro with line-block map provid read-modify-writ data transact . the 3-d render engin with 2.22-mpolygon / s draw speed wa fabric use 0.18- mu m cmo embed memori logic technolog . it area is 24 mm / sup 2/ and it power consumpt is 120 mw

reconfigurable bus
embedded DRAM macros
8-pixel-parallel rendering logic
low power consumption
polygon-dependent access
line-block mapping
read-modify-write data transaction
CMOS embedded memory logic technology
120 mW
low-power 3D rendering engine
three-dimensional rendering engine
mobile PDA chip
mobile personal digital assistant chip
3D graphics rendering
6 Mbit
3.2 GB/s
0.18 micron


A comparison of the discounted utility model and hyperbolic discounting models in the case of social and private intertemporal preferences for health

Abstract: Whilst there is substantial evidence that hyperbolic discounting models describe intertemporal preferences for monetary outcomes better than the discounted utility (DU) model, there is only very limited evidence in the context of health outcomes. This study elicits private and social intertemporal preferences for non-fatal changes in health. Specific functional forms of the DU model and three hyperbolic models are fitted. The results show that the stationarity axiom is violated, and that the hyperbolic models fit the data better than the DU model. Intertemporal preferences for private and social decisions are found to be very similar

a comparison of the discount util model and hyperbol discount model in the case of social and privat intertempor prefer for health
 whilst there is substanti evid that hyperbol discount model describ intertempor prefer for monetari outcom better than the discount util ( du ) model , there is onli veri limit evid in the context of health outcom . thi studi elicit privat and social intertempor prefer for non-fat chang in health . specif function form of the du model and three hyperbol model are fit . the result show that the stationar axiom is violat , and that the hyperbol model fit the data better than the du model . intertempor prefer for privat and social decis are found to be veri similar

discounted utility model
hyperbolic discounting models
intertemporal preferences
health outcomes
social decisions
private decisions


Two-step integral imaging for orthoscopic three-dimensional imaging with improved viewing resolution

Abstract: We present a two-step integral imaging system to obtain 3-D orthoscopic real images. By adopting a nonstationary micro-optics technique, we demonstrate experimentally the potential usefulness of two-step integral imaging

two-step integr imag for orthoscop three-dimension imag with improv view resolut
 we present a two-step integr imag system to obtain 3-d orthoscop real imag . by adopt a nonstationari micro-opt techniqu , we demonstr experiment the potenti use of two-step integr imag

two-step integral imaging
two-step integral imaging system
3-D orthoscopic real images
nonstationary micro-optics technique
resolution improved viewing
3-D image reconstruction
liquid crystal light valve
display device
LCLV
pickup lenslet array


Conformal-mapping design tools for coaxial couplers with complex cross section

Abstract: Numerical conformal mapping is exploited as a simple, accurate, and efficient tool for the analysis and design of coaxial waveguides and couplers of complex cross section. An implementation based on the Schwarz-Christoffel Toolbox, a public-domain MATLAB package, is applied to slotted coaxial cables and to symmetrical coaxial couplers, with circular or polygonal inner conductors and external shields. The effect of metallic diaphragms of arbitrary thickness, partially separating the inner conductors, is also easily taken into account. The proposed technique is validated against the results of the finite-element method, showing excellent agreement at a fraction of the computational cost, and is also extended to the case of nonsymmetrical couplers, providing the designer with important additional degrees of freedom

conformal-map design tool for coaxial coupler with complex cross section
 numer conform map is exploit as a simpl , accur , and effici tool for the analysi and design of coaxial waveguid and coupler of complex cross section . an implement base on the schwarz-christoffel toolbox , a public-domain matlab packag , is appli to slot coaxial cabl and to symmetr coaxial coupler , with circular or polygon inner conductor and extern shield . the effect of metal diaphragm of arbitrari thick , partial separ the inner conductor , is also easili taken into account . the propos techniqu is valid against the result of the finite-el method , show excel agreement at a fraction of the comput cost , and is also extend to the case of nonsymmetr coupler , provid the design with import addit degre of freedom

coaxial couplers
complex cross section
coaxial waveguides
Schwarz-Christoffel Toolbox
public-domain MATLAB package
slotted coaxial cables
polygonal inner conductors
external shields
metallic diaphragms
nonsymmetrical couplers
conformal mapping design tools
symmetrical couplers
circular inner conductors
numerical conformal transformations


ePsych: interactive demonstrations and experiments in psychology

Abstract: ePsych (http://epsych.msstate.edu), a new Web site currently under active development, is intended to teach students about the discipline of psychology. The site presumes little prior knowledge about the field and so may be used in introductory classes, but it incorporates sufficient depth of coverage to be useful in more advanced classes as well. Numerous interactive and dynamic elements are incorporated into various modules, orientations, and guidebooks. These elements include Java-based experiments and demonstrations, video clips, and animated diagrams. Rapid access to all material is provided through a layer-based navigation system that allows users to visit various "Worlds of the Mind." Active learning is encouraged, by challenging students with puzzles and problems and by providing the opportunity to "dig deeper" to learn more about the phenomena at hand

epsych : interact demonstr and experi in psycholog
 epsych ( http://epsych.msstate.edu ) , a new web site current under activ develop , is intend to teach student about the disciplin of psycholog . the site presum littl prior knowledg about the field and so may be use in introductori class , but it incorpor suffici depth of coverag to be use in more advanc class as well . numer interact and dynam element are incorpor into variou modul , orient , and guidebook . these element includ java-bas experi and demonstr , video clip , and anim diagram . rapid access to all materi is provid through a layer-bas navig system that allow user to visit variou " world of the mind . " activ learn is encourag , by challeng student with puzzl and problem and by provid the opportun to " dig deeper " to learn more about the phenomena at hand

ePsych
interactive demonstrations
Web site
teaching
Java-based experiments
video clips
animated diagrams
layer-based navigation system
Worlds of the Mind
active learning
psychology experiments


An identity-based society oriented signature scheme with anonymous signers

Abstract: In this paper, we propose a new society oriented scheme, based on the Guillou-Quisquater (1989) signature scheme. The scheme is identity-based and the signatures are verified with respect to only one identity. That is, the verifier does not have to know the identity of the co-signers, but just that of the organization they represent

an identity-bas societi orient signatur scheme with anonym signer
 in thi paper , we propos a new societi orient scheme , base on the guillou-quisquat ( 1989 ) signatur scheme . the scheme is identity-bas and the signatur are verifi with respect to onli one ident . that is , the verifi doe not have to know the ident of the co-sign , but just that of the organ they repres


Universal dynamic synchronous self-stabilization

Abstract: We prove the existence of a "universal" synchronous self-stabilizing protocol, that is, a protocol that allows a distributed system to stabilize to a desired nonreactive behaviour (as long as a protocol stabilizing to that behaviour exists). Previous proposals required drastic increases in asymmetry and knowledge to work, whereas our protocol does not use any additional knowledge, and does not require more symmetry-breaking conditions than available; thus, it is also stabilizing with respect to dynamic changes in the topology. We prove an optimal quiescence time n + D for a synchronous network of n processors and diameter D; the protocol can be made finite state with a negligible loss in quiescence time. Moreover, an optimal D + 1 protocol is given for the case of unique identifiers. As a consequence, we provide an effective proof technique that allows one to show whether self-stabilization to a certain behaviour is possible under a wide range of models

univers dynam synchron self-stabil
 we prove the exist of a " univers " synchron self-stabil protocol , that is , a protocol that allow a distribut system to stabil to a desir nonreact behaviour ( as long as a protocol stabil to that behaviour exist ) . previou propos requir drastic increas in asymmetri and knowledg to work , wherea our protocol doe not use ani addit knowledg , and doe not requir more symmetry-break condit than avail ; thu , it is also stabil with respect to dynam chang in the topolog . we prove an optim quiescenc time n + d for a synchron network of n processor and diamet d ; the protocol can be made finit state with a neglig loss in quiescenc time . moreov , an optim d + 1 protocol is given for the case of uniqu identifi . as a consequ , we provid an effect proof techniqu that allow one to show whether self-stabil to a certain behaviour is possibl under a wide rang of model

universal dynamic synchronous self-stabilization


A new approach to the decomposition of Boolean functions by the method of q-partitions.II. Repeated decomposition

Abstract: For pt.I. see Upr. Sist. Mash., no. 6, p. 29-42 (1999). A new approach to the decomposition of Boolean,functions that depend on n variables and are represented in various forms is considered. The approach is based on the method of q-partitioning of minterms and on the introduced concept of a decomposition clone. The theorem on simple disjunctive decomposition of full and partial functions is formulated. The approach proposed is illustrated by examples

a new approach to the decomposit of boolean function by the method of q-partit . ii . repeat decomposit
 for pt . i. see upr . sist . mash . , no . 6 , p. 29 - 42 ( 1999 ) . a new approach to the decomposit of boolean , function that depend on n variabl and are repres in variou form is consid . the approach is base on the method of q-partit of minterm and on the introduc concept of a decomposit clone . the theorem on simpl disjunct decomposit of full and partial function is formul . the approach propos is illustr by exampl

q-partitions
minterms
decomposition clone
disjunctive decomposition
partial functions
Boolean functions decomposition
logic synthesis


Affine invariants of convex polygons

Abstract: In this correspondence, we prove that the affine invariants, for image registration and object recognition, proposed recently by Yang and Cohen (see ibid., vol.8, no.7, p.934-46, July 1999) are algebraically dependent. We show how to select an independent and complete set of the invariants. The use of this new set leads to a significant reduction of the computing complexity without decreasing the discrimination power

affin invari of convex polygon
 in thi correspond , we prove that the affin invari , for imag registr and object recognit , propos recent by yang and cohen ( see ibid . , vol.8 , no.7 , p.934 - 46 , juli 1999 ) are algebra depend . we show how to select an independ and complet set of the invari . the use of thi new set lead to a signific reduct of the comput complex without decreas the discrimin power

affine invariants
convex polygons
image registration
object recognition
algebraically dependent. invariants
complexity reduction
convex quadruplet
feature vector


Trust in online advice

Abstract: Many people are now influenced by the information and advice they find on the Internet, much of it of dubious quality. This article describes two studies concerned with those factors capable of influencing people's response to online advice. The first study is a qualitative account of a group of house-hunters attempting to find worthwhile information online. The second study describes a survey of more than 2,500 people who had actively sought advice over the Internet. A framework for understanding trust in online advice is proposed in which first impressions are distinguished from more detailed evaluations. Good Web design can influence the first process, but three key factors-source credibility, personalization, and predictability-are shown to predict whether people actually follow the advice given

trust in onlin advic
 mani peopl are now influenc by the inform and advic they find on the internet , much of it of dubiou qualiti . thi articl describ two studi concern with those factor capabl of influenc peopl 's respons to onlin advic . the first studi is a qualit account of a group of house-hunt attempt to find worthwhil inform onlin . the second studi describ a survey of more than 2,500 peopl who had activ sought advic over the internet . a framework for understand trust in onlin advic is propos in which first impress are distinguish from more detail evalu . good web design can influenc the first process , but three key factors-sourc credibl , person , and predictability-ar shown to predict whether peopl actual follow the advic given

Internet
survey
Web design
personalization
predictability
online advice trust
online mortgage advice
source credibility
e-commerce
house buying advice


Much ado about nothing: Win32.Perrun

Abstract: JPEG files do not contain any executable code and it is impossible to infect such files. The author takes a look at the details surrounding the Win32.Perrun virus and make clear exactly what it does. The main virus feature is its ability to affect JPEG image files (compressed graphic images) and to spread via affected JPEG files. The virus affects, or modifies, or alters JPEG files but does not "infect" them

much ado about noth : win32.perrun
 jpeg file do not contain ani execut code and it is imposs to infect such file . the author take a look at the detail surround the win32.perrun viru and make clear exactli what it doe . the main viru featur is it abil to affect jpeg imag file ( compress graphic imag ) and to spread via affect jpeg file . the viru affect , or modifi , or alter jpeg file but doe not " infect " them

Win32.Perrun
JPEG files
virus
compressed graphic images


On emotion and bounded rationality: reply to Hanoch

Abstract: The author refers to the comment made by Hanoch (see ibid. vol.49 (2000)) on his model of bounded rationality and the role of the Yerkes-Dodson law and emotional arousal in it. The author points out that Hanoch's comment, however, conspicuously fails to challenge - much less contradict - the central hypothesis of his paper. In addition, several of Hanoch's criticisms are based on a wrong characterization of the positions

on emot and bound ration : repli to hanoch
 the author refer to the comment made by hanoch ( see ibid . vol.49 ( 2000 ) ) on hi model of bound ration and the role of the yerkes-dodson law and emot arous in it . the author point out that hanoch 's comment , howev , conspicu fail to challeng - much less contradict - the central hypothesi of hi paper . in addit , sever of hanoch 's critic are base on a wrong character of the posit

emotion
bounded rationality
Yerkes-Dodson law
decision-making
psychology


Iterative regularized least-mean mixed-norm image restoration

Abstract: We develop a regularized mixed-norm image restoration algorithm to deal with various types of noise. A mixed-norm functional is introduced, which combines the least mean square (LMS) and the least mean fourth (LMF) functionals, as well as a smoothing functional. Two regularization parameters are introduced: one to determine the relative importance of the LMS and LMF functionals, which is a function of the kurtosis, and another to determine the relative importance of the smoothing functional. The two parameters are chosen in such a way that the proposed functional is convex, so that a unique minimizer exists. An iterative algorithm is utilized for obtaining the solution, and its convergence is analyzed. The novelty of the proposed algorithm is that no knowledge of the noise distribution is required, and the relative contributions of the LMS, the LMF, and the smoothing functionals are adjusted based on the partially restored image. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm

iter regular least-mean mixed-norm imag restor
 we develop a regular mixed-norm imag restor algorithm to deal with variou type of nois . a mixed-norm function is introduc , which combin the least mean squar ( lm ) and the least mean fourth ( lmf ) function , as well as a smooth function . two regular paramet are introduc : one to determin the rel import of the lm and lmf function , which is a function of the kurtosi , and anoth to determin the rel import of the smooth function . the two paramet are chosen in such a way that the propos function is convex , so that a uniqu minim exist . an iter algorithm is util for obtain the solut , and it converg is analyz . the novelti of the propos algorithm is that no knowledg of the nois distribut is requir , and the rel contribut of the lm , the lmf , and the smooth function are adjust base on the partial restor imag . experiment result demonstr the effect of the propos algorithm

iterative regularized least-mean mixed-norm image restoration


Model selection in electromagnetic source analysis with an application to VEFs

Abstract: In electromagnetic source analysis, it is necessary to determine how many sources are required to describe the electroencephalogram or magnetoencephalogram adequately. Model selection procedures (MSPs) or goodness of fit procedures give an estimate of the required number of sources. Existing and new MSPs are evaluated in different source and noise settings: two sources which are close or distant and noise which is uncorrelated or correlated. The commonly used MSP residual variance is seen to be ineffective, that is it often selects too many sources. Alternatives like the adjusted Hotelling's test, Bayes information criterion and the Wald test on source amplitudes are seen to be effective. The adjusted Hotelling's test is recommended if a conservative approach is taken and MSPs such as Bayes information criterion or the Wald test on source amplitudes are recommended if a more liberal approach is desirable. The MSPs are applied to empirical data (visual evoked fields)

model select in electromagnet sourc analysi with an applic to vef
 in electromagnet sourc analysi , it is necessari to determin how mani sourc are requir to describ the electroencephalogram or magnetoencephalogram adequ . model select procedur ( msp ) or good of fit procedur give an estim of the requir number of sourc . exist and new msp are evalu in differ sourc and nois set : two sourc which are close or distant and nois which is uncorrel or correl . the commonli use msp residu varianc is seen to be ineffect , that is it often select too mani sourc . altern like the adjust hotel 's test , bay inform criterion and the wald test on sourc amplitud are seen to be effect . the adjust hotel 's test is recommend if a conserv approach is taken and msp such as bay inform criterion or the wald test on sourc amplitud are recommend if a more liber approach is desir . the msp are appli to empir data ( visual evok field )

model selection
electromagnetic source analysis
VEFs
noise settings
residual variance
adjusted Hotelling's test
Wald test
empirical data
visual evoked fields
MEG source analysis
EEG source analysis
goodness-of-fit
source localization


Implications of document-level literacy skills for Web site design

Abstract: The proliferation of World Wide Web (Web) sites and the low cost of publishing information on the Web have placed a tremendous amount of information at the fingertips of millions of people. Although most of this information is at least intended to be accurate, there is much that is rumor, innuendo, urban legend, and outright falsehood. This raises problems especially for students (of all ages) trying to do research or learn about some topic. Finding accurate, credible information requires document level literacy skills, such as integration, sourcing, corroboration, and search. This paper discusses these skills and offers a list of simple ways that designers of educational Web sites can help their visitors utilize these skills

implic of document-level literaci skill for web site design
 the prolifer of world wide web ( web ) site and the low cost of publish inform on the web have place a tremend amount of inform at the fingertip of million of peopl . although most of thi inform is at least intend to be accur , there is much that is rumor , innuendo , urban legend , and outright falsehood . thi rais problem especi for student ( of all age ) tri to do research or learn about some topic . find accur , credibl inform requir document level literaci skill , such as integr , sourc , corrobor , and search . thi paper discuss these skill and offer a list of simpl way that design of educ web site can help their visitor util these skill

document-level literacy skills
rumor
innuendo
urban legend
falsehood
students
search
integration
sourcing
corroboration
accurate credible information
educational Web site design


A 0.8-V 128-kb four-way set-associative two-level CMOS cache memory using two-stage wordline/bitline-oriented tag-compare (WLOTC/BLOTC) scheme

Abstract: This paper reports a 0.8-V 128-kb four-way set-associative two-level CMOS cache memory using a novel two-stage wordline/bitline-oriented tag-compare (WLOTC/BLOTC) and sense wordline/bitline (SWL/SBL) tag-sense amplifiers with an eight-transistor (8-T) tag cell in Level 2 (L2) and a 10-T shrunk logic swing (SLS) memory cell. with the ground/floating (G/F) data sense amplifier in Level 1 (L1) for high-speed operation for low-voltage low-power VLSI system applications. Owing to the reduced loading at the SWL in the new 11-T tag cell using the WLOTC scheme, the 10-T SLS memory cell with G/F sense amplifier in L1, and the split comparison of the index signal in the 8-T tag cells with SWL/SBL tag sense amplifiers in L2, this 0.8-V cache memory implemented in a 1.8-V 0.18- mu m CMOS technology has a measured L1/L2 hit time of 11.6/20.5 ns at the average dissipation of 0.77 mW at 50 MHz

a 0.8-v 128-kb four-way set-associ two-level cmo cach memori use two-stag wordlin / bitline-ori tag-compar ( wlotc / blotc ) scheme
 thi paper report a 0.8-v 128-kb four-way set-associ two-level cmo cach memori use a novel two-stag wordlin / bitline-ori tag-compar ( wlotc / blotc ) and sens wordlin / bitlin ( swl / sbl ) tag-sens amplifi with an eight-transistor ( 8-t ) tag cell in level 2 ( l2 ) and a 10-t shrunk logic swing ( sl ) memori cell . with the ground / float ( g / f ) data sens amplifi in level 1 ( l1 ) for high-spe oper for low-voltag low-pow vlsi system applic . owe to the reduc load at the swl in the new 11-t tag cell use the wlotc scheme , the 10-t sl memori cell with g / f sens amplifi in l1 , and the split comparison of the index signal in the 8-t tag cell with swl / sbl tag sens amplifi in l2 , thi 0.8-v cach memori implement in a 1.8-v 0.18- mu m cmo technolog ha a measur l1 / l2 hit time of 11.6/20.5 ns at the averag dissip of 0.77 mw at 50 mhz

two-level CMOS cache memory
wordline/bitline-oriented tag-compare
tag-sense amplifiers
high-speed operation
low-power VLSI system applications
0.77 mW
50 MHz
four-way set-associative memory
cache memory architecture
sense wordline/bitline amplifiers
eight-transistor tag cell
ten-transistor memory cell
shrunk logic swing memory cell
ground/floating data sense amplifier
low-voltage VLSI system applications
0.8 V
128 kbit
1.8 V
0.18 micron
11.6 ns
20.5 ns

P P P P P P P R M R R M R R R U U U U M M


On the use of neural network ensembles in QSAR and QSPR

Abstract: Despite their growing popularity among neural network practitioners, ensemble methods have not been widely adopted in structure-activity and structure-property correlation. Neural networks are inherently unstable, in that small changes in the training set and/or training parameters can lead to large changes in their generalization performance. Recent research has shown that by capitalizing on the diversity of the individual models, ensemble techniques can minimize uncertainty and produce more stable and accurate predictors. In this work, we present a critical assessment of the most common ensemble technique known as bootstrap aggregation, or bagging, as applied to QSAR and QSPR. Although aggregation does offer definitive advantages, we demonstrate that bagging may not be the best possible choice and that simpler techniques such as retraining with the full sample can often produce superior results. These findings are rationalized using Krogh and Vedelsby's (1995) decomposition of the generalization error into a term that measures the average generalization performance of the individual networks and a term that measures the diversity among them. For networks that are designed to resist over-fitting, the benefits of aggregation are clear but not overwhelming

on the use of neural network ensembl in qsar and qspr
 despit their grow popular among neural network practition , ensembl method have not been wide adopt in structure-act and structure-properti correl . neural network are inher unstabl , in that small chang in the train set and/or train paramet can lead to larg chang in their gener perform . recent research ha shown that by capit on the divers of the individu model , ensembl techniqu can minim uncertainti and produc more stabl and accur predictor . in thi work , we present a critic assess of the most common ensembl techniqu known as bootstrap aggreg , or bag , as appli to qsar and qspr . although aggreg doe offer definit advantag , we demonstr that bag may not be the best possibl choic and that simpler techniqu such as retrain with the full sampl can often produc superior result . these find are ration use krogh and vedelsbi 's ( 1995 ) decomposit of the gener error into a term that measur the averag gener perform of the individu network and a term that measur the divers among them . for network that are design to resist over-fit , the benefit of aggreg are clear but not overwhelm

neural network ensembles
QSAR
QSPR
structure-property correlation
training set
training parameters
generalization performance
uncertainty
bootstrap aggregation
bagging
retraining
generalization error decomposition
structure-activity correlation


Knowledge-based structures and organisational commitment

Abstract: Organisational commitment, the emotional attachment of an employee to the employing organisation, has attracted a substantial body of literature, relating the concept to various antecedents, including organisational structure, and to a range of consequences, including financially important performance factors such as productivity and staff turnover. The new areas of knowledge management and learning organisations offer substantial promise as imperatives for the organisation of business enterprises. As organisations in the contemporary environment adopt knowledge-based structures to improve their competitive position, there is value in examining these structures against other performance related factors. Theoretical knowledge-based structures put forward by R. Miles et al. (1997) and J. Quinn et al. (1996) and an existing implementation are examined to determine common features inherent in these approaches. These features are posited as a typical form and their impact on organisational commitment and hence on individual and organisational performance is examined

knowledge-bas structur and organis commit
 organis commit , the emot attach of an employe to the employ organis , ha attract a substanti bodi of literatur , relat the concept to variou anteced , includ organis structur , and to a rang of consequ , includ financi import perform factor such as product and staff turnov . the new area of knowledg manag and learn organis offer substanti promis as imper for the organis of busi enterpris . as organis in the contemporari environ adopt knowledge-bas structur to improv their competit posit , there is valu in examin these structur against other perform relat factor . theoret knowledge-bas structur put forward by r. mile et al . ( 1997 ) and j. quinn et al . ( 1996 ) and an exist implement are examin to determin common featur inher in these approach . these featur are posit as a typic form and their impact on organis commit and henc on individu and organis perform is examin

knowledge-based structures
organisational commitment
emotional attachment
performance factors
productivity
staff turnover
earning organisations


The UK's National Electronic Site Licensing Initiative (NESLI)

Abstract: In 1998 the UK created the National Electronic Site Licensing Initiative (NESLI) to increase and improve access to electronic journals and to negotiate license agreements on behalf of academic libraries. The use of a model license agreement and the success of site licensing is discussed. Highlights from an interim evaluation by the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) are noted and key issues and questions arising from the evaluation are identified

the uk 's nation electron site licens initi ( nesli )
 in 1998 the uk creat the nation electron site licens initi ( nesli ) to increas and improv access to electron journal and to negoti licens agreement on behalf of academ librari . the use of a model licens agreement and the success of site licens is discuss . highlight from an interim evalu by the joint inform system committe ( jisc ) are note and key issu and question aris from the evalu are identifi


Analyzing the benefits of 300 mm conveyor-based AMHS

Abstract: While the need for automation in 300 mm fabs is not debated, the form and performance of such automation is still in question. Software simulation that compares conveyor-based continuous flow transport technology to conventional car-based wafer-lot delivery has detailed delivery time and throughput advantages to the former

analyz the benefit of 300 mm conveyor-bas amh
 while the need for autom in 300 mm fab is not debat , the form and perform of such autom is still in question . softwar simul that compar conveyor-bas continu flow transport technolog to convent car-bas wafer-lot deliveri ha detail deliveri time and throughput advantag to the former


Explanations for the perpetration of and reactions to deception in a virtual community

Abstract: Cases of identity deception on the Internet are not uncommon. Several cases of a revealed identity deception have been reported in the media. The authors examine a case of deception in an online community composed primarily of information technology professionals. In this case, an established community member (DF) invented a character (Nowheremom) whom he fell in love with and who was eventually killed in a tragic accident. When other members of the community eventually began to question Nowheremom's actual identity, DF admitted that he invented her. The discussion board was flooded with reactions to DF's revelation. The authors propose several explanations for the perpetration of identity deception, including psychiatric illness, identity play, and expressions of true self. They also analyze the reactions of community members and propose three related explanations (social identity, deviance, and norm violation) to account for their reactions. It is argued that virtual communities' reactions to such threatening events provide invaluable clues for the study of group processes on the Internet

explan for the perpetr of and reaction to decept in a virtual commun
 case of ident decept on the internet are not uncommon . sever case of a reveal ident decept have been report in the media . the author examin a case of decept in an onlin commun compos primarili of inform technolog profession . in thi case , an establish commun member ( df ) invent a charact ( nowheremom ) whom he fell in love with and who wa eventu kill in a tragic accid . when other member of the commun eventu began to question nowheremom 's actual ident , df admit that he invent her . the discuss board wa flood with reaction to df 's revel . the author propos sever explan for the perpetr of ident decept , includ psychiatr ill , ident play , and express of true self . they also analyz the reaction of commun member and propos three relat explan ( social ident , devianc , and norm violat ) to account for their reaction . it is argu that virtual commun ' reaction to such threaten event provid invalu clue for the studi of group process on the internet

virtual community
identity deception
Internet
online community
information technology professionals
psychiatric illness
group processes
social processes
Web sites
psychology
bulletin boards


Quantum computing with solids

Abstract: Science and technology could be revolutionized by quantum computers, but building them from solid-state devices will not be easy. The author outlines the challenges in scaling up the technology from lab experiments to practical devices

quantum comput with solid
 scienc and technolog could be revolution by quantum comput , but build them from solid-st devic will not be easi . the author outlin the challeng in scale up the technolog from lab experi to practic devic


Information interaction: providing a framework for information architecture

Abstract: Information interaction is the process that people use in interacting with the content of an information system. Information architecture is a blueprint and navigational aid to the content of information-rich systems. As such information architecture performs an important supporting role in information interactivity. This article elaborates on a model of information interactivity that crosses the "no-man's land" between user and computer articulating a model that includes user, content and system, illustrating the context for information architecture

inform interact : provid a framework for inform architectur
 inform interact is the process that peopl use in interact with the content of an inform system . inform architectur is a blueprint and navig aid to the content of information-rich system . as such inform architectur perform an import support role in inform interact . thi articl elabor on a model of inform interact that cross the " no-man 's land " between user and comput articul a model that includ user , content and system , illustr the context for inform architectur

information interaction
information interaction
navigational aid
information-rich systems
information interactivity


Solution of the safe problem on (0,1)-matrices

Abstract: A safe problem with mn locks is studied. It is reduced to a system of linear equations in the modulo 2 residue class. There are three possible variants defined by the numbers m and n evenness, with only one of them having a solution. In two other cases, correction of the initial state of the safe insuring a solution is proposed

solut of the safe problem on ( 0,1)-matric
 a safe problem with mn lock is studi . it is reduc to a system of linear equat in the modulo 2 residu class . there are three possibl variant defin by the number m and n even , with onli one of them have a solut . in two other case , correct of the initi state of the safe insur a solut is propos

safe problem
(0,1)-matrices
mn locks
linear equations
modulo 2 residue class
computer games
linear Diophantine equations


Tracking nonparameterized object contours in video

Abstract: We propose a new method for contour tracking in video. The inverted distance transform of the edge map is used as an edge indicator function for contour detection. Using the concept of topographical distance, the watershed segmentation can be formulated as a minimization. This new viewpoint gives a way to combine the results of the watershed algorithm on different surfaces. In particular, our algorithm determines the contour as a combination of the current edge map and the contour, predicted from the tracking result in the previous frame. We also show that the problem of background clutter can be relaxed by taking the object motion into account. The compensation with object motion allows to detect and remove spurious edges in background. The experimental results confirm the expected advantages of the proposed method over the existing approaches

track nonparameter object contour in video
 we propos a new method for contour track in video . the invert distanc transform of the edg map is use as an edg indic function for contour detect . use the concept of topograph distanc , the watersh segment can be formul as a minim . thi new viewpoint give a way to combin the result of the watersh algorithm on differ surfac . in particular , our algorithm determin the contour as a combin of the current edg map and the contour , predict from the track result in the previou frame . we also show that the problem of background clutter can be relax by take the object motion into account . the compens with object motion allow to detect and remov spuriou edg in background . the experiment result confirm the expect advantag of the propos method over the exist approach

nonparameterized object contours
video
contour tracking
inverted distance transform
edge map
edge indicator function
topographical distance
watershed segmentation
minimization
background clutter
object motion
motion analysis
motion estimation
edge detection


Information architecture in JASIST: just where did we come from?

Abstract: The emergence of Information Architecture within the information systems world has been simultaneously drawn out yet rapid. Those with an eye on history are quick to point to Wurman's 1976 use of the term "architecture of information," but it has only been in the last 2 years that IA has become the source of sufficient interest for people to label themselves professionally as Information Architects. The impetus for this recent emergence of IA can be traced to a historical summit, supported by ASIS&T in May 2000 at Boston. It was here that several hundred of us gathered to thrash out the questions of just what IA was and what this new field might become. At the time of the summit, invited to present a short talk on my return journey from the annual ACM SIGCHI conference, I entered the summit expecting little and convinced that IA was nothing new. I left 2 days later refreshed, not just by the enthusiasm of the attendees for this term but by IA's potential to unify the disparate perspectives and orientations of professionals from a range of disciplines. It was at this summit that the idea for the special issue took root. I proposed the idea to Don Kraft, hoping he would find someone else to run with it. AS luck would have it, I ended up taking charge of it myself, with initial support from David Blair. From the suggestion to the finished product-has been the best part of 2 years, and in that time more than 50 volunteers reviewed over 20 submissions

inform architectur in jasist : just where did we come from ?
 the emerg of inform architectur within the inform system world ha been simultan drawn out yet rapid . those with an eye on histori are quick to point to wurman 's 1976 use of the term " architectur of inform , " but it ha onli been in the last 2 year that ia ha becom the sourc of suffici interest for peopl to label themselv profession as inform architect . the impetu for thi recent emerg of ia can be trace to a histor summit , support by asis&t in may 2000 at boston . it wa here that sever hundr of us gather to thrash out the question of just what ia wa and what thi new field might becom . at the time of the summit , invit to present a short talk on my return journey from the annual acm sigchi confer , i enter the summit expect littl and convinc that ia wa noth new . i left 2 day later refresh , not just by the enthusiasm of the attende for thi term but by ia 's potenti to unifi the dispar perspect and orient of profession from a rang of disciplin . it wa at thi summit that the idea for the special issu took root . i propos the idea to don kraft , hope he would find someon els to run with it . as luck would have it , i end up take charg of it myself , with initi support from david blair . from the suggest to the finish product-ha been the best part of 2 year , and in that time more than 50 volunt review over 20 submiss

information architecture
information systems
metadata fields
controlled vocabularies
Web sites
CD-ROM
qualified information architect


Optimal online algorithm for scheduling on two identical machines with machine availability constraints

Abstract: This paper considers the online scheduling on two identical machines with machine availability constraints for minimizing makespan. We assume that machine M/sub j/ is unavailable during period from s/sub j/ to t/sub j/ (0 <or= s/sub j/ < t/sub j/), j = 1, 2, and the unavailable periods of two machines do not overlap. We show that the competitive ratio of list scheduling is 3. We further give an optimal algorithm with a competitive ratio 5/2

optim onlin algorithm for schedul on two ident machin with machin avail constraint
 thi paper consid the onlin schedul on two ident machin with machin avail constraint for minim makespan . we assum that machin m / sub j/ is unavail dure period from s / sub j/ to t / sub j/ ( 0 < or= s / sub j/ < t / sub j/ ) , j = 1 , 2 , and the unavail period of two machin do not overlap . we show that the competit ratio of list schedul is 3 . we further give an optim algorithm with a competit ratio 5/2

optimal online algorithm
machine availability constraints
list scheduling
makespan minimisation
identical machines scheduling


Social percolation and the influence of mass media

Abstract: In the marketing model of Solomon and Weisbuch, people buy a product only if their neighbours tell them of its quality, and if this quality is higher than their own quality expectations. Now we introduce additional information from the mass media, which is analogous to the ghost field in percolation theory. The mass media shift the percolative phase transition observed in the model, and decrease the time after which the stationary state is reached

social percol and the influenc of mass media
 in the market model of solomon and weisbuch , peopl buy a product onli if their neighbour tell them of it qualiti , and if thi qualiti is higher than their own qualiti expect . now we introduc addit inform from the mass media , which is analog to the ghost field in percol theori . the mass media shift the percol phase transit observ in the model , and decreas the time after which the stationari state is reach

social percolation
quality expectations
ghost field
percolative phase transition
stationary state
mass media influence
Solomon-Weisbuch marketing model
customers
cinema
external field


Books on demand: just-in-time acquisitions

Abstract: The Purdue University Libraries Interlibrary Loan unit proposed a pilot project to purchase patrons' loan requests from Amazon. com, lend them to the patrons, and then add the titles to the collection. Staff analyzed previous monograph loans, developed ordering criteria, implemented the proposal as a pilot project for six months, and evaluated the resulting patron comments, statistics, and staff perceptions. As a result of enthusiastic patron comments and a review of the project statistics, the program was extended

book on demand : just-in-tim acquisit
 the purdu univers librari interlibrari loan unit propos a pilot project to purchas patron ' loan request from amazon . com , lend them to the patron , and then add the titl to the collect . staff analyz previou monograph loan , develop order criteria , implement the propos as a pilot project for six month , and evalu the result patron comment , statist , and staff percept . as a result of enthusiast patron comment and a review of the project statist , the program wa extend


A method for correlations analysis of coordinates: applications for molecular conformations

Abstract: We describe a new method to analyze multiple correlations between subsets of coordinates that represent a sample. The correlation is established only between specific regions of interest at the coordinates. First, the region(s) of interest are selected at each molecular coordinate. Next, a correlation matrix is constructed for the selected regions. The matrix is subject to further analysis, illuminating the multidimensional structural characteristics that exist in the conformational space. The method's abilities are demonstrated in several examples: it is used to analyze the conformational space of complex molecules, it is successfully applied to compare related conformational spaces, and it is used to analyze a diverse set of protein folding trajectories

a method for correl analysi of coordin : applic for molecular conform
 we describ a new method to analyz multipl correl between subset of coordin that repres a sampl . the correl is establish onli between specif region of interest at the coordin . first , the region( ) of interest are select at each molecular coordin . next , a correl matrix is construct for the select region . the matrix is subject to further analysi , illumin the multidimension structur characterist that exist in the conform space . the method 's abil are demonstr in sever exampl : it is use to analyz the conform space of complex molecul , it is success appli to compar relat conform space , and it is use to analyz a divers set of protein fold trajectori


A fuzzy logic adaptation circuit for control systems of deformable space vehicles: its design

Abstract: A fuzzy-logic adaptation algorithm is designed for adjusting the discreteness period of a control system for ensuring the stability and quality of control process with regard to the elastic structural vibrations of a deformable space vehicle. Its performance is verified by digital modeling of a discrete control system with two objects

a fuzzi logic adapt circuit for control system of deform space vehicl : it design
 a fuzzy-log adapt algorithm is design for adjust the discret period of a control system for ensur the stabil and qualiti of control process with regard to the elast structur vibrat of a deform space vehicl . it perform is verifi by digit model of a discret control system with two object

fuzzy logic adaptation circuit
control systems
deformable space vehicles
discreteness period
stability
elastic structural vibrations
digital modeling


Hours of operation and service in academic libraries: toward a national standard

Abstract: In an effort toward establishing a standard for academic library hours, the article surveys and compares hours of operation and service for ARL libraries and IPEDS survey respondents. The article ranks the ARL (Association for Research Libraries) libraries according to hours of operation and reference hours and then briefly discusses such issues as libraries offering twenty-four access and factors affecting service hour decisions

hour of oper and servic in academ librari : toward a nation standard
 in an effort toward establish a standard for academ librari hour , the articl survey and compar hour of oper and servic for arl librari and ipe survey respond . the articl rank the arl ( associ for research librari ) librari accord to hour of oper and refer hour and then briefli discuss such issu as librari offer twenty-four access and factor affect servic hour decis

Integrated Post Secondary Education Data System


Finally! some sensible European legislation on software

Abstract: The European Commission has formally tabled a draft Directive on the Protection by Patents of Computer-Implemented Inventions. The aim of this very important Directive is to harmonise national patent laws relating to inventions using software. It follows an extensive consultation launched by the Commission in October 2000. The impetus behind the Directive was the recognition at EU level of a total lack of unity between the European Patent Office and European national courts in deciding what was or was not deemed patentable when it came to the subject of computer programs

final ! some sensibl european legisl on softwar
 the european commiss ha formal tabl a draft direct on the protect by patent of computer-impl invent . the aim of thi veri import direct is to harmonis nation patent law relat to invent use softwar . it follow an extens consult launch by the commiss in octob 2000 . the impetu behind the direct wa the recognit at eu level of a total lack of uniti between the european patent offic and european nation court in decid what wa or wa not deem patent when it came to the subject of comput program


Noninvasive myocardial activation time imaging: a novel inverse algorithm applied to clinical ECG mapping data

Abstract: Linear approaches like the minimum-norm least-square algorithm show insufficient performance when it comes to estimating the activation time map on the surface of the heart from electrocardiographic (ECG) mapping data. Additional regularization has to be considered leading to a nonlinear problem formulation. The Gauss-Newton approach is one of the standard mathematical tools capable of solving this kind of problem. To our experience, this algorithm has specific drawbacks which are caused by the applied regularization procedure. In particular, under clinical conditions the amount of regularization cannot be determined clearly. For this reason, we have developed an iterative algorithm solving this nonlinear problem by a sequence of regularized linear problems. At each step of iteration, an individual L-curve is computed. Subsequent iteration steps are performed with the individual optimal regularization parameter. This novel approach is compared with the standard Gauss-Newton approach. Both methods are applied to simulated ECG mapping data as well as to single beat sinus rhythm data from two patients recorded in the catheter laboratory. The proposed approach shows excellent numerical and computational performance, even under clinical conditions at which the Gauss-Newton approach begins to break down

noninvas myocardi activ time imag : a novel invers algorithm appli to clinic ecg map data
 linear approach like the minimum-norm least-squar algorithm show insuffici perform when it come to estim the activ time map on the surfac of the heart from electrocardiograph ( ecg ) map data . addit regular ha to be consid lead to a nonlinear problem formul . the gauss-newton approach is one of the standard mathemat tool capabl of solv thi kind of problem . to our experi , thi algorithm ha specif drawback which are caus by the appli regular procedur . in particular , under clinic condit the amount of regular can not be determin clearli . for thi reason , we have develop an iter algorithm solv thi nonlinear problem by a sequenc of regular linear problem . at each step of iter , an individu l-curv is comput . subsequ iter step are perform with the individu optim regular paramet . thi novel approach is compar with the standard gauss-newton approach . both method are appli to simul ecg map data as well as to singl beat sinu rhythm data from two patient record in the cathet laboratori . the propos approach show excel numer and comput perform , even under clinic condit at which the gauss-newton approach begin to break down

noninvasive myocardial activation time imaging


Re-examining the machining frictional boundary conditions using fractals

Abstract: Presents experimental evidence for the existence of non-Euclidean contact geometry at the tool-chip interface in the machining of aluminium alloy, which challenges conventional assumptions. The geometry of contact at the tool rake face is modelled using fractals and a dimension is computed for its description. The variation in the fractal dimension with the cutting speed is explored

re-examin the machin friction boundari condit use fractal
 present experiment evid for the exist of non-euclidean contact geometri at the tool-chip interfac in the machin of aluminium alloy , which challeng convent assumpt . the geometri of contact at the tool rake face is model use fractal and a dimens is comput for it descript . the variat in the fractal dimens with the cut speed is explor


Improving computer security for authentication of users: influence of proactive password restrictions

Abstract: Entering a user name-password combination is a widely used procedure for identification and authentication in computer systems. However, it is a notoriously weak method, in that the passwords adopted by many users are easy to crack. In an attempt to, improve security, proactive password checking may be used, in which passwords must meet several criteria to be more resistant to cracking. In two experiments, we examined the influence of proactive password restrictions on the time that it took to generate an acceptable password and to use it subsequently to log in. The required length was a minimum of five characters in experiment I and eight characters in experiment 2. In both experiments, one condition had only the length restriction, and the other had additional restrictions. The additional restrictions greatly increased the time it took to generate the password but had only a small effect on the time it took to use it subsequently to log in. For the five-character passwords, 75% were cracked when no other restrictions were imposed, and this was reduced to 33% with the additional restrictions. For the eight-character passwords, 17% were cracked with no other restrictions, and 12.5% with restrictions. The results indicate that increasing the minimum character length reduces crackability and increases security, regardless of whether additional restrictions are imposed

improv comput secur for authent of user : influenc of proactiv password restrict
 enter a user name-password combin is a wide use procedur for identif and authent in comput system . howev , it is a notori weak method , in that the password adopt by mani user are easi to crack . in an attempt to , improv secur , proactiv password check may be use , in which password must meet sever criteria to be more resist to crack . in two experi , we examin the influenc of proactiv password restrict on the time that it took to gener an accept password and to use it subsequ to log in . the requir length wa a minimum of five charact in experi i and eight charact in experi 2 . in both experi , one condit had onli the length restrict , and the other had addit restrict . the addit restrict greatli increas the time it took to gener the password but had onli a small effect on the time it took to use it subsequ to log in . for the five-charact password , 75 % were crack when no other restrict were impos , and thi wa reduc to 33 % with the addit restrict . for the eight-charact password , 17 % were crack with no other restrict , and 12.5 % with restrict . the result indic that increas the minimum charact length reduc crackabl and increas secur , regardless of whether addit restrict are impos

computer security
proactive password restrictions
proactive password checking
length restriction
five-character passwords
eight-character passwords
user authentication


Separation and tracking of multiple broadband sources with one electromagnetic vector sensor

Abstract: A structure for adaptively separating, enhancing and tracking uncorrelated sources with an electromagnetic vector sensor (EMVS) is presented. The structure consists of a set of parallel spatial processors, one for each individual source. Two stages of processing are involved in each spatial processor. The first preprocessing stage rejects all other sources except the one of interest, while the second stage is an adaptive one for maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and tracking the desired source. The preprocessings are designed using the latest source parameter estimates obtained from the source trackers, and a redesign is activated periodically or whenever any source has been detected by the source trackers to have made significant movement. Compared with conventional adaptive beamforming, the algorithm has the advantage that no a priori information on any desired signal location is needed, the sources are separated at maximum SNR, and their locations are available. The structure is also well suited for parallel implementation. Numerical examples are included to illustrate the capability and performance of the algorithm

separ and track of multipl broadband sourc with one electromagnet vector sensor
 a structur for adapt separ , enhanc and track uncorrel sourc with an electromagnet vector sensor ( emv ) is present . the structur consist of a set of parallel spatial processor , one for each individu sourc . two stage of process are involv in each spatial processor . the first preprocess stage reject all other sourc except the one of interest , while the second stage is an adapt one for maxim the signal-to-nois ratio ( snr ) and track the desir sourc . the preprocess are design use the latest sourc paramet estim obtain from the sourc tracker , and a redesign is activ period or whenev ani sourc ha been detect by the sourc tracker to have made signific movement . compar with convent adapt beamform , the algorithm ha the advantag that no a priori inform on ani desir signal locat is need , the sourc are separ at maximum snr , and their locat are avail . the structur is also well suit for parallel implement . numer exampl are includ to illustr the capabl and perform of the algorithm

electromagnetic vector sensor
uncorrelated sources
parallel spatial processors
preprocessing stage
signal-to-noise ratio
maximum SNR
parallel implementation
multiple broadband sources separation
multiple broadband sources tracking
single EM vector sensor
adaptive second stage
SNR maximization
signal source location
adaptive source enhancement


Lower bounds on the information rate of secret sharing schemes with homogeneous access structure

Abstract: We present some new lower bounds on the optimal information rate and on the optimal average information rate of secret sharing schemes with homogeneous access structure. These bounds are found by using some covering constructions and a new parameter, the k-degree of a participant, that is introduced in this paper. Our bounds improve the previous ones in almost all cases

lower bound on the inform rate of secret share scheme with homogen access structur
 we present some new lower bound on the optim inform rate and on the optim averag inform rate of secret share scheme with homogen access structur . these bound are found by use some cover construct and a new paramet , the k-degre of a particip , that is introduc in thi paper . our bound improv the previou one in almost all case

lower bounds
information rate
secret sharing schemes
homogeneous access structure
optimal information rate
optimal average information rate
k-degree
cryptography


A generalized PERT/CPM implementation in a spreadsheet

Abstract: This paper describes the implementation of the traditional PERT/CPM algorithm for finding the critical path in a project network in a spreadsheet. The problem is of importance due to the recent shift of attention to using the spreadsheet environment as a vehicle for delivering management science/operations research (MS/OR) techniques to end-users

a gener pert / cpm implement in a spreadsheet
 thi paper describ the implement of the tradit pert / cpm algorithm for find the critic path in a project network in a spreadsheet . the problem is of import due to the recent shift of attent to use the spreadsheet environ as a vehicl for deliv manag scienc / oper research ( ms / or ) techniqu to end-us

generalized PERT/CPM implementation
spreadsheet
critical path
MS/OR techniques


A new subspace identification approach based on principal component analysis

Abstract: Principal component analysis (PCA) has been widely used for monitoring complex industrial processes with multiple variables and diagnosing process and sensor faults. The objective of this paper is to develop a new subspace identification algorithm that gives consistent model estimates under the errors-in-variables (EIV) situation. In this paper, we propose a new subspace identification approach using principal component analysis. PCA naturally falls into the category of EIV formulation, which resembles total least squares and allows for errors in both process input and output. We propose to use PCA to determine the system observability subspace, the matrices and the system order for an EIV formulation. Standard PCA is modified with instrumental variables in order to achieve consistent estimates of the system matrices. The proposed subspace identification method is demonstrated using a simulated process and a real industrial process for model identification and order determination. For comparison the MOESP algorithm and N4SID algorithm are used as benchmarks to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed PCA based subspace model identification (SMI) algorithm

a new subspac identif approach base on princip compon analysi
 princip compon analysi ( pca ) ha been wide use for monitor complex industri process with multipl variabl and diagnos process and sensor fault . the object of thi paper is to develop a new subspac identif algorithm that give consist model estim under the errors-in-vari ( eiv ) situat . in thi paper , we propos a new subspac identif approach use princip compon analysi . pca natur fall into the categori of eiv formul , which resembl total least squar and allow for error in both process input and output . we propos to use pca to determin the system observ subspac , the matric and the system order for an eiv formul . standard pca is modifi with instrument variabl in order to achiev consist estim of the system matric . the propos subspac identif method is demonstr use a simul process and a real industri process for model identif and order determin . for comparison the moesp algorithm and n4sid algorithm are use as benchmark to demonstr the advantag of the propos pca base subspac model identif ( smi ) algorithm

subspace identification approach
principal component analysis
PCA
system observability subspace
MOESP algorithm
N4SID algorithm
subspace model identification
SMI
complex industrial process monitoring
process fault diagnosis
sensor fault diagnosis
errors-in-variables situation
EIV situation
total least-squares approximation
consistent system matrix estimates


Color plane interpolation using alternating projections

Abstract: Most commercial digital cameras use color filter arrays to sample red, green, and blue colors according to a specific pattern. At the location of each pixel only one color sample is taken, and the values of the other colors must be interpolated using neighboring samples. This color plane interpolation is known as demosaicing; it is one of the important tasks in a digital camera pipeline. If demosaicing is not performed appropriately, images suffer from highly visible color artifacts. In this paper we present a new demosaicing technique that uses inter-channel correlation effectively in an alternating-projections scheme. We have compared this technique with six state-of-the-art demosaicing techniques, and it outperforms all of them, both visually and in terms of mean square error

color plane interpol use altern project
 most commerci digit camera use color filter array to sampl red , green , and blue color accord to a specif pattern . at the locat of each pixel onli one color sampl is taken , and the valu of the other color must be interpol use neighbor sampl . thi color plane interpol is known as demosa ; it is one of the import task in a digit camera pipelin . if demosa is not perform appropri , imag suffer from highli visibl color artifact . in thi paper we present a new demosa techniqu that use inter-channel correl effect in an alternating-project scheme . we have compar thi techniqu with six state-of-the-art demosa techniqu , and it outperform all of them , both visual and in term of mean squar error

color plane interpolation
alternating projections
digital cameras
color filter arrays
demosaicing
color artifacts
inter-channel correlation


The culture of usability

Abstract: Now that most of us agree that usability testing is an integral investment in site development, it's time to recognize that the standard approach falls short. It is possible to do less work and get better results while spending less money. By bringing usability testing in-house and breaking tests into more manageable sessions, you can vastly improve your online offering without affecting your profit margin

the cultur of usabl
 now that most of us agre that usabl test is an integr invest in site develop , it 's time to recogn that the standard approach fall short . it is possibl to do less work and get better result while spend less money . by bring usabl test in-hous and break test into more manag session , you can vastli improv your onlin offer without affect your profit margin


When a better interface and easy navigation aren't enough: examining the information architecture in a law enforcement agency

Abstract: An information architecture that allows users to easily navigate through a system and quickly recover from mistakes is often defined as a highly usable system. But usability in systems design goes beyond a good interface and efficient navigation. In this article we describe two database systems in a law enforcement agency. One system is a legacy, text-based system with cumbersome navigation (RMS); the newer system is a graphical user interface with simplified navigation (CopNet). It is hypothesized that law enforcement users will evaluate CopNet higher than RMS, but experts of the older system will evaluate it higher than others will. We conducted two user studies. One study examined what users thought of RMS and CopNet, and compared RMS experts' evaluations with nonexperts. We found that all users evaluated CopNet as more effective, easier to use, and easier to navigate than RMS, and this was especially noticeable for users who were not experts with the older system. The second, follow-up study examined use behavior after CopNet was deployed some time later. The findings revealed that evaluations of CopNet were not associated with its use. If the newer system had a better interface and was easier to navigate than the older, legacy system, why were law enforcement personnel reluctant to switch? We discuss reasons why switching to a new system is difficult, especially for those who are most adept at using the older system. Implications for system design and usability are also discussed

when a better interfac and easi navig are n't enough : examin the inform architectur in a law enforc agenc
 an inform architectur that allow user to easili navig through a system and quickli recov from mistak is often defin as a highli usabl system . but usabl in system design goe beyond a good interfac and effici navig . in thi articl we describ two databas system in a law enforc agenc . one system is a legaci , text-bas system with cumbersom navig ( rm ) ; the newer system is a graphic user interfac with simplifi navig ( copnet ) . it is hypothes that law enforc user will evalu copnet higher than rm , but expert of the older system will evalu it higher than other will . we conduct two user studi . one studi examin what user thought of rm and copnet , and compar rm expert ' evalu with nonexpert . we found that all user evalu copnet as more effect , easier to use , and easier to navig than rm , and thi wa especi notic for user who were not expert with the older system . the second , follow-up studi examin use behavior after copnet wa deploy some time later . the find reveal that evalu of copnet were not associ with it use . if the newer system had a better interfac and wa easier to navig than the older , legaci system , whi were law enforc personnel reluct to switch ? we discuss reason whi switch to a new system is difficult , especi for those who are most adept at use the older system . implic for system design and usabl are also discuss

information architecture
RMS
law enforcement agency
graphical user interface
simplified navigation
CopNet
law enforcement users
legacy text-based system


Building a better game through dynamic programming: a Flip analysis

Abstract: Flip is a solitaire board game produced by craft woodworkers. We analyze Flip and suggest modifications to the rules to make the game more marketable. In addition to being an interesting application of dynamic programming, this case shows the use of operations research in managerial decision making

build a better game through dynam program : a flip analysi
 flip is a solitair board game produc by craft woodwork . we analyz flip and suggest modif to the rule to make the game more market . in addit to be an interest applic of dynam program , thi case show the use of oper research in manageri decis make

dynamic programming
Flip analysis
solitaire board game
craft woodworkers
operations research
managerial decision making


Generalized predictive control for non-uniformly sampled systems

Abstract: In this paper, we study digital control systems with non-uniform updating and sampling patterns, which include multirate sampled-data systems as special cases. We derive lifted models in the state-space domain. The main obstacle for generalized predictive control (GPC) design using the lifted models is the so-called causality constraint. Taking into account this design constraint, we propose a new GPC algorithm, which results in optimal causal control laws for the non-uniformly sampled systems. The solution applies immediately to multirate sampled-data systems where rates are integer multiples of some base period

gener predict control for non-uniformli sampl system
 in thi paper , we studi digit control system with non-uniform updat and sampl pattern , which includ multir sampled-data system as special case . we deriv lift model in the state-spac domain . the main obstacl for gener predict control ( gpc ) design use the lift model is the so-cal causal constraint . take into account thi design constraint , we propos a new gpc algorithm , which result in optim causal control law for the non-uniformli sampl system . the solut appli immedi to multir sampled-data system where rate are integ multipl of some base period

digital control systems
multirate sampled-data systems
GPC
causality constraint
optimal causal control laws
integer multiples
generalized predictive control design
nonuniformly sampled systems
nonuniform updating patterns
nonuniform sampling patterns
state-space models