Robust wavelet neuro control for linear brushless motors

Abstract: Design, simulation and experimental implementation of a wavelet basis function network learning controller for linear brushless dc motors (LBDCM) are considered. Stability robustness with position tracking is the primary concern. The proposed controller deals mainly with external disturbances, e.g. nonlinear friction force and payload variation in motion control of linear motors. It consists of two parts, one is a state feedback component, and the other one is a learning feedback component. The state feedback controller is designed on the basis of a simple linear model, and the learning feedback component is a wavelet neural controller. The attenuation effect of wavelet neural networks on friction force is first verified by the numerical method. The learning effect of wavelet neural networks on friction force is also shown in the numerical results. Then, a wavelet neural network is applied on a real LBDCM to on-line suppress the friction force, which may be variable due to the different lubrication. The effectiveness of the proposed control schemes is demonstrated by simulated and experimental results

robust wavelet neuro control for linear brushless motor
 design , simul and experiment implement of a wavelet basi function network learn control for linear brushless dc motor ( lbdcm ) are consid . stabil robust with posit track is the primari concern . the propos control deal mainli with extern disturb , e.g. nonlinear friction forc and payload variat in motion control of linear motor . it consist of two part , one is a state feedback compon , and the other one is a learn feedback compon . the state feedback control is design on the basi of a simpl linear model , and the learn feedback compon is a wavelet neural control . the attenu effect of wavelet neural network on friction forc is first verifi by the numer method . the learn effect of wavelet neural network on friction forc is also shown in the numer result . then , a wavelet neural network is appli on a real lbdcm to on-lin suppress the friction forc , which may be variabl due to the differ lubric . the effect of the propos control scheme is demonstr by simul and experiment result

robust wavelet neuro control
linear brushless motors
wavelet basis function network
LBDCM
stability robustness
position tracking
external disturbances
nonlinear friction force
friction force
payload variation
motion control
state feedback component
learning feedback component
attenuation effect
lubrication


Modularity in technology and organization

Abstract: The paper is an attempt to raid both the literature on modular design and the literature on property rights to create the outlines of a modularity theory of the firm. Such a theory will look at firms, and other organizations, in terms of the partitioning of rights-understood as protected spheres of authority-among cooperating parties. It will assert that organizations reflect nonmodular structures, that is, structures in which decision rights, rights of alienation, and residual claims to income do not all reside in the same hands

modular in technolog and organ
 the paper is an attempt to raid both the literatur on modular design and the literatur on properti right to creat the outlin of a modular theori of the firm . such a theori will look at firm , and other organ , in term of the partit of rights-understood as protect sphere of authority-among cooper parti . it will assert that organ reflect nonmodular structur , that is , structur in which decis right , right of alien , and residu claim to incom do not all resid in the same hand

modularity
technology
organization
property rights
cooperating parties
nonmodular structures
decision rights
rights of alienation
partitioning of rights
authority
transaction costs


Quantum market games

Abstract: We propose a quantum-like description of markets and economics. The approach has roots in the recently developed quantum game theory

quantum market game
 we propos a quantum-lik descript of market and econom . the approach ha root in the recent develop quantum game theori

quantum market games
economics
quantum game theory
quantum strategies
financial markets


Standards for service discovery and delivery

Abstract: For the past five years, competing industries and standards developers have been hotly pursuing automatic configuration, now coined the broader term service discovery. Jini, Universal Plug and Play (UPnP), Salutation, and Service Location Protocol are among the front-runners in this new race. However, choosing service discovery as the topic of the hour goes beyond the need for plug-and-play solutions or support for the SOHO (small office/home office) user. Service discovery's potential in mobile and pervasive computing environments motivated my choice

standard for servic discoveri and deliveri
 for the past five year , compet industri and standard develop have been hotli pursu automat configur , now coin the broader term servic discoveri . jini , univers plug and play ( upnp ) , salut , and servic locat protocol are among the front-runn in thi new race . howev , choos servic discoveri as the topic of the hour goe beyond the need for plug-and-play solut or support for the soho ( small offic / home offic ) user . servic discoveri 's potenti in mobil and pervas comput environ motiv my choic

service discovery
Jini
Universal Plug and Play
Salutation
Service Location Protocol
pervasive computing
mobile computing


Relativistic constraints on the distinguishability of orthogonal quantum states

Abstract: The constraints imposed by special relativity on the distinguishability of quantum states are discussed. An explicit expression relating the probability of an error in distinguishing two orthogonal single-photon states to their structure, the time t at which a measurement starts, and the interval of time T elapsed from the start of the measurement until the time at which the outcome is obtained by an observer is given as an example

relativist constraint on the distinguish of orthogon quantum state
 the constraint impos by special rel on the distinguish of quantum state are discuss . an explicit express relat the probabl of an error in distinguish two orthogon single-photon state to their structur , the time t at which a measur start , and the interv of time t elaps from the start of the measur until the time at which the outcom is obtain by an observ is given as an exampl

nonrelativistic quantum information theory


The impact of EAD adoption on archival programs: a pilot survey of early implementers

Abstract: The article reports the results of a survey conducted to assess the impact that the implementation of Encoded Archival Description (EAD) has on archival programs. By gathering data related to the funding, staffing, and evaluation of EAD programs and about institutional goals for EAD implementation, the study explored how EAD has affected the operations of the institutions which are utilizing it and the extent to which EAD has become a part of regular repository functions

the impact of ead adopt on archiv program : a pilot survey of earli implement
 the articl report the result of a survey conduct to assess the impact that the implement of encod archiv descript ( ead ) ha on archiv program . by gather data relat to the fund , staf , and evalu of ead program and about institut goal for ead implement , the studi explor how ead ha affect the oper of the institut which are util it and the extent to which ead ha becom a part of regular repositori function

EAD adoption
archival programs
Encoded Archival Description
funding
staffing
EAD programs
institutional goals
EAD implementation
regular repository functions
archival descriptive standards
diffusion of innovation


Adaptive neural/fuzzy control for interpolated nonlinear systems

Abstract: Adaptive control for nonlinear time-varying systems is of both theoretical and practical importance. We propose an adaptive control methodology for a class of nonlinear systems with a time-varying structure. This class of systems is composed of interpolations of nonlinear subsystems which are input-output feedback linearizable. Both indirect and direct adaptive control methods are developed, where the spatially localized models (in the form of Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy systems or radial basis function neural networks) are used as online approximators to learn the unknown dynamics of the system. Without assumptions on rate of change of system dynamics, the proposed adaptive control methods guarantee that all internal signals of the system are bounded and the tracking error is asymptotically stable. The performance of the adaptive controller is demonstrated using a jet engine control problem

adapt neural / fuzzi control for interpol nonlinear system
 adapt control for nonlinear time-vari system is of both theoret and practic import . we propos an adapt control methodolog for a class of nonlinear system with a time-vari structur . thi class of system is compos of interpol of nonlinear subsystem which are input-output feedback lineariz . both indirect and direct adapt control method are develop , where the spatial local model ( in the form of takagi-sugeno fuzzi system or radial basi function neural network ) are use as onlin approxim to learn the unknown dynam of the system . without assumpt on rate of chang of system dynam , the propos adapt control method guarante that all intern signal of the system are bound and the track error is asymptot stabl . the perform of the adapt control is demonstr use a jet engin control problem

input-output feedback linearizable systems


An optimal control algorithm based on reachability set approximation and linearization

Abstract: The terminal functional of a general control system is refined by studying an analogous problem for a variational system and regularization. A sequential refinement method is designed by combining the local approximation of the reachability set and reduction. The corresponding algorithm has relaxation properties. An illustrative example is given

an optim control algorithm base on reachabl set approxim and linear
 the termin function of a gener control system is refin by studi an analog problem for a variat system and regular . a sequenti refin method is design by combin the local approxim of the reachabl set and reduct . the correspond algorithm ha relax properti . an illustr exampl is given

optimal control algorithm
reachability set approximation
linearization
terminal functional
variational system
regularization
sequential refinement method
local approximation
relaxation properties
determinate systems


Data storage: re-format. Closely tracking a fast-moving sector

Abstract: In the past few years the data center market has changed dramatically, forcing many companies into consolidation or bankruptcy. Gone are the days when companies raised millions of dollars to acquire large industrial buildings and transform them into glittering, high-tech palaces filled with the latest telecommunication and data technology. Whereas manufacturers of communication technology deliver the racked equipment in these, often mission-critical, facilities, ABB focuses mainly on the building infrastructure. Besides the very important redundant power supply, ABB also provides the redundant air conditioning and the security system

data storag : re-format . close track a fast-mov sector
 in the past few year the data center market ha chang dramat , forc mani compani into consolid or bankruptci . gone are the day when compani rais million of dollar to acquir larg industri build and transform them into glitter , high-tech palac fill with the latest telecommun and data technolog . wherea manufactur of commun technolog deliv the rack equip in these , often mission-crit , facil , abb focus mainli on the build infrastructur . besid the veri import redund power suppli , abb also provid the redund air condit and the secur system

data centers
ABB
building infrastructure
redundant power supply
redundant air conditioning
security system
building management
mission-critical facilities
engineering management
project management
installation
commissioning


Control of combustion processes in an internal combustion engine by low-temperature plasma

Abstract: A new method of operation of internal combustion engines enhances power and reduces fuel consumption and exhaust toxicity. Low-temperature plasma control combines working processes of thermal engines and steam machines into a single process

control of combust process in an intern combust engin by low-temperatur plasma
 a new method of oper of intern combust engin enhanc power and reduc fuel consumpt and exhaust toxic . low-temperatur plasma control combin work process of thermal engin and steam machin into a singl process

combustion processes
internal combustion engine
low-temperature plasma
fuel consumption
exhaust toxicity
working processes
thermal engines
steam machines


Performance comparison between PID and dead-time compensating controllers

Abstract: This paper is intended to answer the question: "When can a simple dead-time compensator be expected to perform better than a PID?". The performance criterion used is the integrated absolute error (IAE). It is compared for PI and PID controllers and a simple dead-time compensator (DTC) when a step load disturbance is applied at the plant input. Both stable and integrating processes are considered. For a fair comparison the controllers should provide equal robustness in some sense. Here, as a measure of robustness, the H/sub infinity / norm of the sum of the absolute values of the sensitivity function and the complementary sensitivity function is used. Performance of the DTC's is given also as a function of dead-time margin (D/sub M/)

perform comparison between pid and dead-tim compens control
 thi paper is intend to answer the question : " when can a simpl dead-tim compens be expect to perform better than a pid ? " . the perform criterion use is the integr absolut error ( iae ) . it is compar for pi and pid control and a simpl dead-tim compens ( dtc ) when a step load disturb is appli at the plant input . both stabl and integr process are consid . for a fair comparison the control should provid equal robust in some sens . here , as a measur of robust , the h / sub infin / norm of the sum of the absolut valu of the sensit function and the complementari sensit function is use . perform of the dtc 's is given also as a function of dead-tim margin ( d / sub m/ )

absolute value sum H/sub infinity / norm


Antipersistent Markov behavior in foreign exchange markets

Abstract: A quantitative check of efficiency in US dollar/Deutsche mark exchange rates is developed using high-frequency (tick by tick) data. The antipersistent Markov behavior of log-price fluctuations of given size implies, in principle, the possibility of a statistical forecast. We introduce and measure the available information of the quote sequence, and we show how it can be profitable following a particular trading rule

antipersist markov behavior in foreign exchang market
 a quantit check of effici in us dollar / deutsch mark exchang rate is develop use high-frequ ( tick by tick ) data . the antipersist markov behavior of log-pric fluctuat of given size impli , in principl , the possibl of a statist forecast . we introduc and measur the avail inform of the quot sequenc , and we show how it can be profit follow a particular trade rule

antipersistent Markov behavior
foreign exchange markets
efficiency
US dollar
Deutsche mark
exchange rates
log-price fluctuations
statistical forecast
forecasting
quote sequence
trading rule
high-frequency data
Shannon entropy


Mount Sinai Hospital uses integer programming to allocate operating room time

Abstract: An integer-programming model and a post-solution heuristic allocates operating room time to the five surgical divisions at Toronto's Mount Sinai Hospital. The hospital has used this approach for several years and credits it with both administrative savings and the ability to produce quickly an equitable master surgical schedule

mount sinai hospit use integ program to alloc oper room time
 an integer-program model and a post-solut heurist alloc oper room time to the five surgic divis at toronto 's mount sinai hospit . the hospit ha use thi approach for sever year and credit it with both administr save and the abil to produc quickli an equit master surgic schedul

Mount Sinai Hospital
integer programming
post-solution heuristic
Toronto
operating room time allocation
Ontario
Canada


Computer program to generate operant schedules

Abstract: A computer program for programming schedules of reinforcement is described. Students can use the program to experience schedules of reinforcement that are typically used with nonhuman subjects. Accumulative recording of a student's response can be shown on the screen and/or printed with the computer's printer. The program can also be used to program operant schedules for animal subjects. The program was tested with human subjects experiencing fixed ratio, variable ratio, fixed interval, and variable interval schedules. Performance for human subjects on a given schedule was similar to performance for nonhuman subjects on the same schedule

comput program to gener oper schedul
 a comput program for program schedul of reinforc is describ . student can use the program to experi schedul of reinforc that are typic use with nonhuman subject . accumul record of a student 's respons can be shown on the screen and/or print with the comput 's printer . the program can also be use to program oper schedul for anim subject . the program wa test with human subject experienc fix ratio , variabl ratio , fix interv , and variabl interv schedul . perform for human subject on a given schedul wa similar to perform for nonhuman subject on the same schedul

computer program
nonhuman subjects
human subjects
animal subjects
variable interval schedules
operant schedule generation
reinforcement schedule programming
cumulative student response recording
fixed ratio schedules
variable ratio schedules
fixed interval schedules


Building 3D anatomical scenes on the Web

Abstract: We propose a new service for building user-defined 3D anatomical structures on the Web. The Web server is connected to a database storing more than 1000 3D anatomical models reconstructed from the Visible Human. Users may combine existing models as well as planar oblique slices in order to create their own structured anatomical scenes. Furthermore, they may record sequences of scene construction and visualization actions. These actions enable the server to construct high-quality video animations, downloadable by the user. Professionals and students in anatomy, medicine and related disciplines are invited to use the server and create their own anatomical scenes

build 3d anatom scene on the web
 we propos a new servic for build user-defin 3d anatom structur on the web . the web server is connect to a databas store more than 1000 3d anatom model reconstruct from the visibl human . user may combin exist model as well as planar obliqu slice in order to creat their own structur anatom scene . furthermor , they may record sequenc of scene construct and visual action . these action enabl the server to construct high-qual video anim , download by the user . profession and student in anatomi , medicin and relat disciplin are invit to use the server and creat their own anatom scene

3D anatomical scenes
user-defined 3D anatomical structures
Web server
database
3D anatomical models
Visible Human
planar oblique slices
structured anatomical scenes
scene construction
visualization
high-quality video animation
World Wide Web
volume visualization
surface reconstruction
applet-based rendering engine
Java


Mobile computing "Killer app" competition

Abstract: Design competitions offer students an excellent way to gain hands-on experience in engineering and computer science courses. The University of Florida, in partnership with Motorola, has held two mobile computing design competitions. In Spring and Fall 2001, students in Abdelsalam Helal's Mobile Computing class designed killer apps for a Motorola smart phone

mobil comput " killer app " competit
 design competit offer student an excel way to gain hands-on experi in engin and comput scienc cours . the univers of florida , in partnership with motorola , ha held two mobil comput design competit . in spring and fall 2001 , student in abdelsalam helal 's mobil comput class design killer app for a motorola smart phone

mobile computing
design competitions
Motorola
smart phone


New lower bounds of the size of error-correcting codes for the Z-channel

Abstract: Optimization problems on graphs are formulated to obtain new lower bounds of the size of error-correcting codes for the Z-channel

new lower bound of the size of error-correct code for the z-channel
 optim problem on graph are formul to obtain new lower bound of the size of error-correct code for the z-channel

lower bounds
error-correcting codes
Z-channel
optimization problems
graphs


Spam solution?

Abstract: The author describes a solution to spam E-mails: disposable E-mail addresses (DEA). Mailshell's free trial Web-based E-mail service allows you, if you start getting spammed on that DEA, just to delete the DEA in Mailshell, and all E-mail thereafter sent to that address will automatically be junked (though you can later restore that address if you want). Mailshell allows any number of DEA

spam solut ?
 the author describ a solut to spam e-mail : dispos e-mail address ( dea ) . mailshel 's free trial web-bas e-mail servic allow you , if you start get spam on that dea , just to delet the dea in mailshel , and all e-mail thereaft sent to that address will automat be junk ( though you can later restor that address if you want ) . mailshel allow ani number of dea

spam E-mails
disposable E-mail addresses
Mailshell
Web-based E-mail


Diagnosis of the technical state of heat systems

Abstract: A step-by-step approach to the diagnosis of the technical state of heat systems is stated. The class of physical defects is supplemented by the behavioral defects of objects, which are related to the disturbance of the modes of their operation. The implementation of the approach is illustrated by an example of the solution of a specific problem of the diagnosis of a closed heat consumption system

diagnosi of the technic state of heat system
 a step-by-step approach to the diagnosi of the technic state of heat system is state . the class of physic defect is supplement by the behavior defect of object , which are relat to the disturb of the mode of their oper . the implement of the approach is illustr by an exampl of the solut of a specif problem of the diagnosi of a close heat consumpt system

closed heat consumption system diagnosis


Real-time tissue characterization on the basis of in vivo Raman spectra

Abstract: The application of in vivo Raman spectroscopy for clinical diagnosis demands dedicated software that can perform the necessary signal processing and subsequent (multivariate) data analysis, enabling clinically relevant parameters to be extracted and made available in real time. Here we describe the design and implementation of a software package that allows for real-time signal processing and data analysis of Raman spectra. The design is based on automatic data exchange between Grams, a spectroscopic data acquisition and analysis program, and Matlab, a program designed for array-based calculations. The data analysis software has a modular design providing great flexibility in developing custom data analysis routines for different applications. The implementation is illustrated by a computationally demanding application for the classification of skin spectra using principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis

real-tim tissu character on the basi of in vivo raman spectra
 the applic of in vivo raman spectroscopi for clinic diagnosi demand dedic softwar that can perform the necessari signal process and subsequ ( multivari ) data analysi , enabl clinic relev paramet to be extract and made avail in real time . here we describ the design and implement of a softwar packag that allow for real-tim signal process and data analysi of raman spectra . the design is base on automat data exchang between gram , a spectroscop data acquisit and analysi program , and matlab , a program design for array-bas calcul . the data analysi softwar ha a modular design provid great flexibl in develop custom data analysi routin for differ applic . the implement is illustr by a comput demand applic for the classif of skin spectra use princip compon analysi and linear discrimin analysi

clinically relevant parameters extraction


Uncertainty bounds and their use in the design of interval type-2 fuzzy logic systems

Abstract: We derive inner- and outer-bound sets for the type-reduced set of an interval type-2 fuzzy logic system (FLS), based on a new mathematical interpretation of the Karnik-Mendel iterative procedure for computing the type-reduced set. The bound sets can not only provide estimates about the uncertainty contained in the output of an interval type-2 FLS, but can also be used to design an interval type-2 FLS. We demonstrate, by means of a simulation experiment, that the resulting system can operate without type-reduction and can achieve similar performance to one that uses type-reduction. Therefore, our new design method, based on the bound sets, can relieve the computation burden of an interval type-2 FLS during its operation, which makes an interval type-2 FLS useful for real-time applications

uncertainti bound and their use in the design of interv type-2 fuzzi logic system
 we deriv inner- and outer-bound set for the type-reduc set of an interv type-2 fuzzi logic system ( fl ) , base on a new mathemat interpret of the karnik-mendel iter procedur for comput the type-reduc set . the bound set can not onli provid estim about the uncertainti contain in the output of an interv type-2 fl , but can also be use to design an interv type-2 fl . we demonstr , by mean of a simul experi , that the result system can oper without type-reduct and can achiev similar perform to one that use type-reduct . therefor , our new design method , base on the bound set , can reliev the comput burden of an interv type-2 fl dure it oper , which make an interv type-2 fl use for real-tim applic

uncertainty bounds
interval type-2 fuzzy logic systems
outer-bound sets
type-reduced set
Karnik-Mendel iterative procedure
real-time applications
inner-bound sets
time-series forecasting


The ultimate control group

Abstract: Empirical research on the organization of firms requires that firms be classified on the basis of their control structures. This should be done in a way that can potentially be made operational. It is easy to identify the ultimate controller of a hierarchical organization, and the literature has largely focused on this case. However, many organizational structures mix hierarchy with collective choice procedures such as voting, or use circular structures under which superiors are accountable to their subordinates. The author develops some analytic machinery that can be used to map the authority structures of such organizations, and show that under mild restrictions there is a well-defined ultimate control group. The results are consistent with intuitions about the nature of control in familiar economic settings

the ultim control group
 empir research on the organ of firm requir that firm be classifi on the basi of their control structur . thi should be done in a way that can potenti be made oper . it is easi to identifi the ultim control of a hierarch organ , and the literatur ha larg focus on thi case . howev , mani organiz structur mix hierarchi with collect choic procedur such as vote , or use circular structur under which superior are account to their subordin . the author develop some analyt machineri that can be use to map the author structur of such organ , and show that under mild restrict there is a well-defin ultim control group . the result are consist with intuit about the natur of control in familiar econom set

ultimate control group
hierarchical organization
organizational structures
authority structures
committees
control rights
firm organization


Selecting rail grade crossing investments with a decision support system

Abstract: The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) has developed a series of rail and rail-related analysis tools that assist FRA officials, Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs), state Department of Transportation (DOT), and other constituents in evaluating the cost and benefits of potential infrastructure projects. To meet agency objectives, the FRA wants to add a high-speed rail grade crossing analysis tool to its package of rail and rail-related intermodal software products. This paper presents a conceptual decision support system (DSS) that can assist officials in achieving this goal. The paper first introduces the FRA's objectives and the role of cost benefit analysis in achieving these objectives. Next, there is a discussion of the models needed to assess the feasibility of proposed high-speed rail grade crossing investments and the presentation of a decision support system (DSS) that can deliver these models transparently to users. Then, the paper illustrates a system session and examines the potential benefits from system use

select rail grade cross invest with a decis support system
 the feder railroad administr ( fra ) ha develop a seri of rail and rail-rel analysi tool that assist fra offici , metropolitan plan organ ( mpo ) , state depart of transport ( dot ) , and other constitu in evalu the cost and benefit of potenti infrastructur project . to meet agenc object , the fra want to add a high-spe rail grade cross analysi tool to it packag of rail and rail-rel intermod softwar product . thi paper present a conceptu decis support system ( dss ) that can assist offici in achiev thi goal . the paper first introduc the fra 's object and the role of cost benefit analysi in achiev these object . next , there is a discuss of the model need to assess the feasibl of propos high-spe rail grade cross invest and the present of a decis support system ( dss ) that can deliv these model transpar to user . then , the paper illustr a system session and examin the potenti benefit from system use

rail grade crossing investment selection


Statistical inference with partial prior information based on a Gauss-type inequality

Abstract: Potter and Anderson (1983) have developed a Bayesian decision procedure requiring the specification of a class of prior distributions restricted to have a minimal probability content for a given subset of the parameter space. They do not, however, provide a method for the selection of that subset. We show how a generalization of Gauss' inequality can be used to determine the relevant parameter subset

statist infer with partial prior inform base on a gauss-typ inequ
 potter and anderson ( 1983 ) have develop a bayesian decis procedur requir the specif of a class of prior distribut restrict to have a minim probabl content for a given subset of the paramet space . they do not , howev , provid a method for the select of that subset . we show how a gener of gauss ' inequ can be use to determin the relev paramet subset

partial prior information
Bayesian decision procedure
prior distributions
minimal probability content
parameter space
Gauss inequality
prior-to-posterior sensitivity


A server-side program for delivering experiments with animations

Abstract: A server-side program for animation experiments is presented. The program is capable of delivering an experiment composed of discrete animation sequences in various file formats, collecting a discrete or continuous response from the observer, evaluating the appropriateness of the response, and ensuring that the user is not proceeding at an unreasonable rate. Most parameters of the program are controllable by experimenter-edited text files or simple switches in the program code, thereby minimizing the need for programming to create new experiments. A simple demonstration experiment is discussed and is freely available

a server-sid program for deliv experi with anim
 a server-sid program for anim experi is present . the program is capabl of deliv an experi compos of discret anim sequenc in variou file format , collect a discret or continu respons from the observ , evalu the appropri of the respons , and ensur that the user is not proceed at an unreason rate . most paramet of the program are control by experimenter-edit text file or simpl switch in the program code , therebi minim the need for program to creat new experi . a simpl demonstr experi is discuss and is freeli avail

server-side program
discrete animation sequences
file formats
experimenter-edited text files
animation experiment delivery
Web based psychological experiments
Internet


Innovative phase unwrapping algorithm: hybrid approach

Abstract: We present a novel algorithm based on a hybrid of the global and local treatment of a wrapped map. The proposed algorithm is especially effective for the unwrapping of speckle-coded interferogram contour maps. In contrast to earlier unwrapping algorithms by region, we propose a local discontinuity-restoring criterion to serve as the preprocessor or postprocessor of our hybrid algorithm, which makes the unwrapping by region much easier and more efficient. With this hybrid algorithm, a robust, stable, and especially time effective phase unwrapping can be achieved. Additionally, the criterion and limitation of this hybrid algorithm are fully described. The robustness, stability, and speed of this hybrid algorithm are also studied. The proposed algorithm can be easily upgraded with minor modifications to solve the unwrapping problem of maps with phase inconsistency. Both numerical simulation and experimental applications demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm

innov phase unwrap algorithm : hybrid approach
 we present a novel algorithm base on a hybrid of the global and local treatment of a wrap map . the propos algorithm is especi effect for the unwrap of speckle-cod interferogram contour map . in contrast to earlier unwrap algorithm by region , we propos a local discontinuity-restor criterion to serv as the preprocessor or postprocessor of our hybrid algorithm , which make the unwrap by region much easier and more effici . with thi hybrid algorithm , a robust , stabl , and especi time effect phase unwrap can be achiev . addit , the criterion and limit of thi hybrid algorithm are fulli describ . the robust , stabil , and speed of thi hybrid algorithm are also studi . the propos algorithm can be easili upgrad with minor modif to solv the unwrap problem of map with phase inconsist . both numer simul and experiment applic demonstr the effect of the propos algorithm

robust stable time effective phase unwrapping


Teaching modeling in management science

Abstract: This essay discusses how we can most effectively teach Management Science to students in MBA or similar programs who will be, at best, part-time practitioners of these arts. I take as a working hypothesis the radical proposition that the heart of Management Science itself is not the impressive array of tools that have been built up over the years (optimization, simulation, decision analysis, queuing, and so on) but rather the art of reasoning logically with formal models. I believe it is necessary with this group of students to teach basic modeling skills, and in fact it is only when such students have these basic skills as a foundation that they are prepared to acquire the more sophisticated skills needed to employ Management Science. In this paper I present a hierarchy of modeling skills, from numeracy skills through sophisticated Management Science skills, as a framework within which to plan courses for the occasional practitioner

teach model in manag scienc
 thi essay discuss how we can most effect teach manag scienc to student in mba or similar program who will be , at best , part-tim practition of these art . i take as a work hypothesi the radic proposit that the heart of manag scienc itself is not the impress array of tool that have been built up over the year ( optim , simul , decis analysi , queu , and so on ) but rather the art of reason logic with formal model . i believ it is necessari with thi group of student to teach basic model skill , and in fact it is onli when such student have these basic skill as a foundat that they are prepar to acquir the more sophist skill need to employ manag scienc . in thi paper i present a hierarchi of model skill , from numeraci skill through sophist manag scienc skill , as a framework within which to plan cours for the occasion practition

modeling
management science
decision analysis
formal models
numeracy skills


Lossy to lossless object-based coding of 3-D MRI data

Abstract: We propose a fully three-dimensional (3-D) object-based coding system exploiting the diagnostic relevance of the different regions of the volumetric data for rate allocation. The data are first decorrelated via a 3-D discrete wavelet transform. The implementation via the lifting steps scheme allows to map integer-to-integer values, enabling lossless coding, and facilitates the definition of the object-based inverse transform. The coding process assigns disjoint segments of the bitstream to the different objects, which can be independently accessed and reconstructed at any up-to-lossless quality. Two fully 3-D coding strategies are considered: embedded zerotree coding (EZW-3D) and multidimensional layered zero coding (MLZC), both generalized for region of interest (ROI)-based processing. In order to avoid artifacts along region boundaries, some extra coefficients must be encoded for each object. This gives rise to an overheading of the bitstream with respect to the case where the volume is encoded as a whole. The amount of such extra information depends on both the filter length and the decomposition depth. The system is characterized on a set of head magnetic resonance images. Results show that MLZC and EZW-3D have competitive performances. In particular, the best MLZC mode outperforms the others state-of-the-art techniques on one of the datasets for which results are available in the literature

lossi to lossless object-bas code of 3-d mri data
 we propos a fulli three-dimension ( 3-d ) object-bas code system exploit the diagnost relev of the differ region of the volumetr data for rate alloc . the data are first decorrel via a 3-d discret wavelet transform . the implement via the lift step scheme allow to map integer-to-integ valu , enabl lossless code , and facilit the definit of the object-bas invers transform . the code process assign disjoint segment of the bitstream to the differ object , which can be independ access and reconstruct at ani up-to-lossless qualiti . two fulli 3-d code strategi are consid : embed zerotre code ( ezw-3d ) and multidimension layer zero code ( mlzc ) , both gener for region of interest ( roi)-bas process . in order to avoid artifact along region boundari , some extra coeffici must be encod for each object . thi give rise to an overhead of the bitstream with respect to the case where the volum is encod as a whole . the amount of such extra inform depend on both the filter length and the decomposit depth . the system is character on a set of head magnet reson imag . result show that mlzc and ezw-3d have competit perform . in particular , the best mlzc mode outperform the other state-of-the-art techniqu on one of the dataset for which result are avail in the literatur

lossless object-based coding
3-D MRI data
diagnostic relevance
volumetric data
rate allocation
3-D discrete wavelet transform
lifting steps scheme
integer-to-integer values
object-based inverse transform
disjoint segments
bitstream
embedded zerotree coding
EZW-3D
multidimensional layered zero coding
region boundaries
filter length
decomposition depth
head magnetic resonance images
lossy object-based coding
NMZQ
region of interest-based processing
ROI-based processing

P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P R U M M


Security crisis management - the basics

Abstract: Of the more pervasive problems in any kind of security event is how the security event is managed from the inception to the end. There's a lot written about how to manage a specific incident or how to deal with a point problem such as a firewall log, but little tends to be written about how to deal with the management of a security event as part of corporate crisis management. This article discusses the basics of security crisis management and of the logical steps required to ensure that a security crisis does not get out of hand

secur crisi manag - the basic
 of the more pervas problem in ani kind of secur event is how the secur event is manag from the incept to the end . there 's a lot written about how to manag a specif incid or how to deal with a point problem such as a firewal log , but littl tend to be written about how to deal with the manag of a secur event as part of corpor crisi manag . thi articl discuss the basic of secur crisi manag and of the logic step requir to ensur that a secur crisi doe not get out of hand

security crisis management
security event
firewall log
corporate crisis management


Plenoptic image editing

Abstract: This paper presents a new class of interactive image editing operations designed to maintain consistency between multiple images of a physical 3D scene. The distinguishing feature of these operations is that edits to any one image propagate automatically to all other images as if the (unknown) 3D scene had itself been modified. The modified scene can then be viewed interactively from any other camera viewpoint and under different scene illuminations. The approach is useful first as a power-assist that enables a user to quickly modify many images by editing just a few, and second as a means for constructing and editing image-based scene representations by manipulating a set of photographs. The approach works by extending operations like image painting, scissoring, and morphing so that they alter a scene's plenoptic function in a physically-consistent way, thereby affecting scene appearance from all viewpoints simultaneously. A key element in realizing these operations is a new volumetric decomposition technique for reconstructing an scene's plenoptic function from an incomplete set of camera viewpoints

plenopt imag edit
 thi paper present a new class of interact imag edit oper design to maintain consist between multipl imag of a physic 3d scene . the distinguish featur of these oper is that edit to ani one imag propag automat to all other imag as if the ( unknown ) 3d scene had itself been modifi . the modifi scene can then be view interact from ani other camera viewpoint and under differ scene illumin . the approach is use first as a power-assist that enabl a user to quickli modifi mani imag by edit just a few , and second as a mean for construct and edit image-bas scene represent by manipul a set of photograph . the approach work by extend oper like imag paint , scissor , and morph so that they alter a scene 's plenopt function in a physically-consist way , therebi affect scene appear from all viewpoint simultan . a key element in realiz these oper is a new volumetr decomposit techniqu for reconstruct an scene 's plenopt function from an incomplet set of camera viewpoint

plenoptic image editing
interactive image editing operations
multiple images
physical 3D scene
modified scene
camera viewpoint
image-based scene representations
image painting
scissoring
morphing
plenoptic function
volumetric decomposition technique


Adaptive and efficient mutual exclusion

Abstract: The paper presents adaptive algorithms for mutual exclusion using only read and write operations; the performance of the algorithms depends only on the point contention, i.e., the number of processes that are concurrently active during algorithm execution (and not on n, the total number of processes). Our algorithm has O(k) remote step complexity and O(log k) system response time, where k is the point contention. The remote step complexity is the maximal number of steps performed by a process where a wait is counted as one step. The system response time is the time interval between subsequent entries to the critical section, where one time unit is the minimal interval in which every active process performs at least one step. The space complexity of this algorithm is O(N log n), where N is the range of process names. We show how to make the space complexity of our algorithm depend solely on n, while preserving the other performance measures of the algorithm

adapt and effici mutual exclus
 the paper present adapt algorithm for mutual exclus use onli read and write oper ; the perform of the algorithm depend onli on the point content , i.e. , the number of process that are concurr activ dure algorithm execut ( and not on n , the total number of process ) . our algorithm ha o(k ) remot step complex and o(log k ) system respons time , where k is the point content . the remot step complex is the maxim number of step perform by a process where a wait is count as one step . the system respons time is the time interv between subsequ entri to the critic section , where one time unit is the minim interv in which everi activ process perform at least one step . the space complex of thi algorithm is o(n log n ) , where n is the rang of process name . we show how to make the space complex of our algorithm depend sole on n , while preserv the other perform measur of the algorithm

adaptive algorithms
write operations
point contention
algorithm execution
remote step complexity
system response time
critical section
minimal interval
active process
space complexity
performance measures
adaptive mutual exclusion
read operations


A method for solution of systems of linear algebraic equations with m-dimensional lambda -matrices

Abstract: A system of linear algebraic equations with m-dimensional lambda -matrices is considered. The proposed method of searching for the solution of this system lies in reducing it to a numerical system of a special kind

a method for solut of system of linear algebra equat with m-dimension lambda -matric
 a system of linear algebra equat with m-dimension lambda -matric is consid . the propos method of search for the solut of thi system lie in reduc it to a numer system of a special kind

linear algebraic equations
m-dimensional lambda -matrices
numerical system


Adaptive digital watermarking using fuzzy logic techniques

Abstract: Digital watermarking has been proposed for copyright protection in our digital society. We propose an adaptive digital watermarking scheme based on the human visual system model and a fuzzy logic technique. The fuzzy logic approach is employed to obtain the different strengths and lengths of a watermark by the local characteristics of the image in our proposed scheme. In our experiments, this scheme provides a more robust and imperceptible watermark

adapt digit watermark use fuzzi logic techniqu
 digit watermark ha been propos for copyright protect in our digit societi . we propos an adapt digit watermark scheme base on the human visual system model and a fuzzi logic techniqu . the fuzzi logic approach is employ to obtain the differ strength and length of a watermark by the local characterist of the imag in our propos scheme . in our experi , thi scheme provid a more robust and impercept watermark

adaptive digital watermarking
fuzzy logic techniques
copyright protection
digital society
human visual system model
local characteristics
imperceptible watermark
robust watermark
image processing


Multiple model adaptive estimation with filter spawning

Abstract: Multiple model adaptive estimation (MMAE) with filter spawning is used to detect and estimate partial actuator failures on the VISTA F-16. The truth model is a full six-degree-of-freedom simulation provided by Calspan and General Dynamics. The design models are chosen as 13-state linearized models, including first order actuator models. Actuator failures are incorporated into the truth model and design model assuming a "failure to free stream." Filter spawning is used to include additional filters with partial actuator failure hypotheses into the MMAE bank. The spawned filters are based on varying degrees of partial failures (in terms of effectiveness) associated with the complete-actuaton-failure hypothesis with the highest conditional probability of correctness at the current time. Thus, a blended estimate of the failure effectiveness is found using the filters' estimates based upon a no-failure hypothesis, a complete actuator failure hypothesis, and the spawned filters' partial-failure hypotheses. This yields substantial precision in effectiveness estimation, compared with what is possible without spawning additional filters, making partial failure adaptation a viable methodology

multipl model adapt estim with filter spawn
 multipl model adapt estim ( mmae ) with filter spawn is use to detect and estim partial actuat failur on the vista f-16 . the truth model is a full six-degree-of-freedom simul provid by calspan and gener dynam . the design model are chosen as 13-state linear model , includ first order actuat model . actuat failur are incorpor into the truth model and design model assum a " failur to free stream . " filter spawn is use to includ addit filter with partial actuat failur hypothes into the mmae bank . the spawn filter are base on vari degre of partial failur ( in term of effect ) associ with the complete-actuaton-failur hypothesi with the highest condit probabl of correct at the current time . thu , a blend estim of the failur effect is found use the filter ' estim base upon a no-failur hypothesi , a complet actuat failur hypothesi , and the spawn filter ' partial-failur hypothes . thi yield substanti precis in effect estim , compar with what is possibl without spawn addit filter , make partial failur adapt a viabl methodolog

multiple model adaptive estimation
filter spawning
MMAE
partial actuator failures
VISTA F-16
truth model
six-degree-of-freedom simulation
Calspan
General Dynamics
linearized models
partial failures
conditional probability
no-failure hypothesis
in-flight simulator
test aircraft
flight control systems


Incremental motion control of linear synchronous motor

Abstract: In this study a particular incremental motion control problem, which is specified by the trapezoidal velocity profile using multisegment sliding mode control (MSSMC), is proposed to control a permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) servo drive system. First, the structure and operating principle of the PMLSM are described in detail. Second, a field-oriented control PMLSM servo drive is introduced. Then, each segment of the multisegment switching surfaces is designed to match the corresponding part of the trapezoidal velocity profile, thus the motor dynamics on the specified-segment switching surface have the desired velocity or acceleration corresponding part of the trapezoidal velocity profile. In addition, the proposed control system is implemented in a PC-based computer control system. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed PMLSM servo drive system is demonstrated by some simulated and experimental results

increment motion control of linear synchron motor
 in thi studi a particular increment motion control problem , which is specifi by the trapezoid veloc profil use multiseg slide mode control ( mssmc ) , is propos to control a perman magnet linear synchron motor ( pmlsm ) servo drive system . first , the structur and oper principl of the pmlsm are describ in detail . second , a field-ori control pmlsm servo drive is introduc . then , each segment of the multiseg switch surfac is design to match the correspond part of the trapezoid veloc profil , thu the motor dynam on the specified-seg switch surfac have the desir veloc or acceler correspond part of the trapezoid veloc profil . in addit , the propos control system is implement in a pc-base comput control system . final , the effect of the propos pmlsm servo drive system is demonstr by some simul and experiment result

incremental motion control
linear synchronous motor
trapezoidal velocity profile
multisegment sliding mode control
servo drive system
field-oriented control
multisegment switching surfaces
motor dynamics
permanent magnet motor


Lossy SPICE models produce realistic averaged simulations

Abstract: In previous averaged models, the state-space averaging technique or switch waveforms analysis were usually applied over perfect elements, non-inclusive of the ohmic losses. However, if these elements play an active role in the DC transfer function, they affect the small-signal AC analysis by introducing various damping effects. A model is introduced in a boost voltage-mode application

lossi spice model produc realist averag simul
 in previou averag model , the state-spac averag techniqu or switch waveform analysi were usual appli over perfect element , non-inclus of the ohmic loss . howev , if these element play an activ role in the dc transfer function , they affect the small-sign ac analysi by introduc variou damp effect . a model is introduc in a boost voltage-mod applic

lossy SPICE models
realistic averaged simulations
state-space averaging technique
switch waveforms analysis
ohmic losses
DC transfer function
damping effects
boost voltage-mode application


Pattern recognition strategies for molecular surfaces. II. Surface complementarity

Abstract: For pt.I see ibid., vol.23, p.1176-87 (2002). Fuzzy logic based algorithms for the quantitative treatment of complementarity of molecular surfaces are presented. Therein, the overlapping surface patches defined in part I of this series are used. The identification of complementary surface patches can be considered as a first step for the solution of molecular docking problems. Standard technologies can then be used for further optimization of the resulting complex structures. The algorithms are applied to 33 biomolecular complexes. After the optimization with a downhill simplex method, for all these complexes one structure was found, which is in very good agreement with the experimental results

pattern recognit strategi for molecular surfac . ii . surfac complementar
 for pt . i see ibid . , vol.23 , p.1176 - 87 ( 2002 ) . fuzzi logic base algorithm for the quantit treatment of complementar of molecular surfac are present . therein , the overlap surfac patch defin in part i of thi seri are use . the identif of complementari surfac patch can be consid as a first step for the solut of molecular dock problem . standard technolog can then be use for further optim of the result complex structur . the algorithm are appli to 33 biomolecular complex . after the optim with a downhil simplex method , for all these complex one structur wa found , which is in veri good agreement with the experiment result

pattern recognition strategies
molecular surfaces
surface complementarity
fuzzy logic based algorithms
quantitative treatment
overlapping surface
optimization
biomolecular complexes
downhill simplex method


A context-aware decision engine for content adaptation

Abstract: Building a good content adaptation service for mobile devices poses many challenges. To meet these challenges, this quality-of-service-aware decision engine automatically negotiates for the appropriate adaptation decision for synthesizing an optimal content version

a context-awar decis engin for content adapt
 build a good content adapt servic for mobil devic pose mani challeng . to meet these challeng , thi quality-of-service-awar decis engin automat negoti for the appropri adapt decis for synthes an optim content version

decision engine
content adaptation
mobile devices
quality-of-service-aware
adaptation decision
optimal content version


How to avoid merger pitfalls

Abstract: Paul Diamond of consultancy KPMG explains why careful IT asset management is crucial to the success of mergers

how to avoid merger pitfal
 paul diamond of consult kpmg explain whi care it asset manag is crucial to the success of merger

mergers
consultancy
KPMG
IT asset management


On optimality in auditory information processing

Abstract: We study limits for the detection and estimation of weak sinusoidal signals in the primary part of the mammalian auditory system using a stochastic Fitzhugh-Nagumo model and an action-recovery model for synaptic depression. Our overall model covers the chain from a hair cell to a point just after the synaptic connection with a cell in the cochlear nucleus. The information processing performance of the system is evaluated using so-called phi -divergences from statistics that quantify "dissimilarity" between probability measures and are intimately related to a number of fundamental limits in statistics and information theory (IT). We show that there exists a set of parameters that can optimize several important phi -divergences simultaneously and that this set corresponds to a constant quiescent firing rate (QFR) of the spiral ganglion neuron. The optimal value of the QFR is frequency dependent but is essentially independent of the amplitude of the signal (for small amplitudes). Consequently, optimal processing according to several standard IT criteria can be accomplished for this model if and only if the parameters are "tuned" to values that correspond to one and the same QFR. This offers a new explanation for the QFR and can provide new insight into the role played by several other parameters of the peripheral auditory system

on optim in auditori inform process
 we studi limit for the detect and estim of weak sinusoid signal in the primari part of the mammalian auditori system use a stochast fitzhugh-nagumo model and an action-recoveri model for synapt depress . our overal model cover the chain from a hair cell to a point just after the synapt connect with a cell in the cochlear nucleu . the inform process perform of the system is evalu use so-cal phi -diverg from statist that quantifi " dissimilar " between probabl measur and are intim relat to a number of fundament limit in statist and inform theori ( it ) . we show that there exist a set of paramet that can optim sever import phi -diverg simultan and that thi set correspond to a constant quiescent fire rate ( qfr ) of the spiral ganglion neuron . the optim valu of the qfr is frequenc depend but is essenti independ of the amplitud of the signal ( for small amplitud ) . consequ , optim process accord to sever standard it criteria can be accomplish for thi model if and onli if the paramet are " tune " to valu that correspond to one and the same qfr . thi offer a new explan for the qfr and can provid new insight into the role play by sever other paramet of the peripher auditori system

weak sinusoidal signals
mammalian auditory system
stochastic Fitzhugh-Nagumo model
action-recovery model
quiescent firing rate
spiral ganglion neuron
peripheral auditory system
brain


Defining electronic librarianship: a content analysis of job advertisements

Abstract: Advances in technology create dramatic changes within libraries. The complex issues surrounding this new electronic, end-user environment have major ramifications and require expert knowledge. Electronic services librarians and electronic resources librarians are two specialized titles that have recently emerged within the field of librarianship to fill this niche. Job advertisements listed in American Libraries from January 1989 to December 1998 were examined to identify responsibilities, qualifications, organizational and salary information relating to the newly emerging role of electronic librarian

defin electron librarianship : a content analysi of job advertis
 advanc in technolog creat dramat chang within librari . the complex issu surround thi new electron , end-us environ have major ramif and requir expert knowledg . electron servic librarian and electron resourc librarian are two special titl that have recent emerg within the field of librarianship to fill thi nich . job advertis list in american librari from januari 1989 to decemb 1998 were examin to identifi respons , qualif , organiz and salari inform relat to the newli emerg role of electron librarian

electronic librarianship
content analysis
job advertisements
electronic services librarians
electronic resources librarians
American Libraries
responsibilities
qualifications
salary information
electronic end-user environment
organizational information


Model predictive control helps to regulate slow processes-robust barrel temperature control

Abstract: Slow temperature control is a challenging control problem. The problem becomes even more challenging when multiple zones are involved, such as in barrel temperature control for extruders. Often, strict closed-loop performance requirements (such as fast startup with no overshoot and maintaining tight temperature control during production) are given for such applications. When characteristics of the system are examined, it becomes clear that a commonly used proportional plus integral plus derivative (PID) controller cannot meet such performance specifications for this kind of system. The system either will overshoot or not maintain the temperature within the specified range during the production run. In order to achieve the required performance, a control strategy that utilizes techniques such as model predictive control, autotuning, and multiple parameter PID is formulated. This control strategy proves to be very effective in achieving the desired specifications, and is very robust

model predict control help to regul slow processes-robust barrel temperatur control
 slow temperatur control is a challeng control problem . the problem becom even more challeng when multipl zone are involv , such as in barrel temperatur control for extrud . often , strict closed-loop perform requir ( such as fast startup with no overshoot and maintain tight temperatur control dure product ) are given for such applic . when characterist of the system are examin , it becom clear that a commonli use proport plu integr plu deriv ( pid ) control can not meet such perform specif for thi kind of system . the system either will overshoot or not maintain the temperatur within the specifi rang dure the product run . in order to achiev the requir perform , a control strategi that util techniqu such as model predict control , autotun , and multipl paramet pid is formul . thi control strategi prove to be veri effect in achiev the desir specif , and is veri robust

model predictive control
extruders
autotuning
multiple parameter PID
slow processes regulation
robust barrel temperature control


Allan variance and fractal Brownian motion

Abstract: Noise filtering is the subject of a voluminous literature in radio engineering. The methods of filtering require knowledge of the frequency response, which is usually unknown. D.W. Allan (see Proc. IEEE, vol.54, no.2, p.221-30, 1966; IEEE Trans. Instr. Measur., vol.IM-36, p.646-54, 1987) proposed a simple method of determining the interval between equally accurate observations which does without this information. In this method, the variances of the increments of noise and signal are equal, so that, in observations with a greater step, the variations caused by noise are smaller than those caused by the signal. This method is the standard accepted by the USA metrology community. The present paper is devoted to a statistical analysis of the Allan method and acquisition of additional information

allan varianc and fractal brownian motion
 nois filter is the subject of a volumin literatur in radio engin . the method of filter requir knowledg of the frequenc respons , which is usual unknown . d.w. allan ( see proc . ieee , vol.54 , no.2 , p.221 - 30 , 1966 ; ieee tran . instr . measur . , vol . im-36 , p.646 - 54 , 1987 ) propos a simpl method of determin the interv between equal accur observ which doe without thi inform . in thi method , the varianc of the increment of nois and signal are equal , so that , in observ with a greater step , the variat caus by nois are smaller than those caus by the signal . thi method is the standard accept by the usa metrolog commun . the present paper is devot to a statist analysi of the allan method and acquisit of addit inform

Allan variance
fractal Brownian motion
noise filtering
radio engineering
frequency response
USA metrology community
statistical analysis
white noise


Shaping the future. BendWizard: a tool for off-line programming of robotic tending systems

Abstract: Setting up a robot to make metal cabinets or cases for desktop computers can be a complex operation. For instance, one expert might be required to carry out a feasibility study, and then another to actually program the robot. Understandably, the need for so much expertise, and the time that's required, generally limits the usefulness of automation to high-volume production. Workshops producing parts in batches smaller than 50 or so, or which rely heavily on semiskilled operators, are therefore often discouraged from investing in automation, and so miss out on its many advantages. What is needed is a software tool that operators without special knowledge of robotics, or with no more than rudimentary CAD skills, can use. One which allows easy offline programming and simulation of the work cell on a PC

shape the futur . bendwizard : a tool for off-lin program of robot tend system
 set up a robot to make metal cabinet or case for desktop comput can be a complex oper . for instanc , one expert might be requir to carri out a feasibl studi , and then anoth to actual program the robot . understand , the need for so much expertis , and the time that 's requir , gener limit the use of autom to high-volum product . workshop produc part in batch smaller than 50 or so , or which reli heavili on semiskil oper , are therefor often discourag from invest in autom , and so miss out on it mani advantag . what is need is a softwar tool that oper without special knowledg of robot , or with no more than rudimentari cad skill , can use . one which allow easi offlin program and simul of the work cell on a pc

robotic tending systems
metal cabinets
feasibility study
high-volume production
workshops
CAD skills
BendWizard offline programming tool
desktop computer cases
work cell simulation


Building digital collections at the OAC: current strategies with a view to future uses

Abstract: Providing a context for the exploration of user defined virtual collections, the article describes the history and recent development of the Online Archive of California (OAC). Stating that usability and user needs are primary factors in digital resource development, issues explored include collaborations to build digital collections, reliance upon professional standards for description and encoding, system architecture, interface design, the need for user tools, and the role of archivists as interpreters in the digital environment

build digit collect at the oac : current strategi with a view to futur use
 provid a context for the explor of user defin virtual collect , the articl describ the histori and recent develop of the onlin archiv of california ( oac ) . state that usabl and user need are primari factor in digit resourc develop , issu explor includ collabor to build digit collect , relianc upon profession standard for descript and encod , system architectur , interfac design , the need for user tool , and the role of archivist as interpret in the digit environ

digital collections
OAC
future uses
user defined virtual collections
history
Online Archive of California
user needs
digital resource
professional standards
system architecture
interface design
user tools
digital environment
Encoded Archival Description
archival descriptive standards
metadata standards
best practices
user studies


The variance of firm growth rates: the 'scaling' puzzle

Abstract: Recent evidence suggests that a power-law relationship exists between a firm's size and the variance of its growth rate. The flatness of the relation is regarded as puzzling, in that it suggests that large firms are not much more stable than small firms. It has been suggested that the powerlaw nature of the relationship reflects the presence of some form of correlation of growth rates across the firm's constituent businesses. Here, it is shown that a model of independent businesses which allows for the fact that these businesses vary in size, as modelled by a simple 'partitions of integers' model, provides a good representation of what is observed empirically

the varianc of firm growth rate : the ' scale ' puzzl
 recent evid suggest that a power-law relationship exist between a firm 's size and the varianc of it growth rate . the flat of the relat is regard as puzzl , in that it suggest that larg firm are not much more stabl than small firm . it ha been suggest that the powerlaw natur of the relationship reflect the presenc of some form of correl of growth rate across the firm 's constitu busi . here , it is shown that a model of independ busi which allow for the fact that these busi vari in size , as model by a simpl ' partit of integ ' model , provid a good represent of what is observ empir

firm growth rates
power-law
flatness
correlation
constituent businesses
scaling puzzle
partitions of integers model
size distribution
corporate growth


The plot thins: thin-client computer systems and academic libraries

Abstract: The few libraries that have tried thin client architectures have noted a number of compelling reasons to do so. For starters, thin client devices are far less expensive than most PCs. More importantly, thin client computing devices are believed to be far less expensive to manage and support than traditional PCs

the plot thin : thin-client comput system and academ librari
 the few librari that have tri thin client architectur have note a number of compel reason to do so . for starter , thin client devic are far less expens than most pc . more importantli , thin client comput devic are believ to be far less expens to manag and support than tradit pc

thin-client computer systems
academic libraries


In search of strategic operations research/management science

Abstract: We define strategic OR/MS as "OR/MS work that leads to a sustainable competitive advantage." We found evidence of strategic OR/MS in the literature of strategic information systems (SIS) and OR/MS. We examined 30 early examples of SIS, many of which contained OR/MS work. Many of the most successful had high OR/MS content, while the least successful contained none. The inclusion of OR/MS work may be a key to sustaining an advantage from information technology. We also examined the Edelman Prize finalist articles published between 1990 and 1999. We found that 13 of the 42 private sector applications meet our definition of strategic OR/MS

in search of strateg oper research / manag scienc
 we defin strateg or / ms as " or / ms work that lead to a sustain competit advantag . " we found evid of strateg or / ms in the literatur of strateg inform system ( si ) and or / ms . we examin 30 earli exampl of si , mani of which contain or / ms work . mani of the most success had high or / ms content , while the least success contain none . the inclus of or / ms work may be a key to sustain an advantag from inform technolog . we also examin the edelman prize finalist articl publish between 1990 and 1999 . we found that 13 of the 42 privat sector applic meet our definit of strateg or / ms

operations research
management science
strategic OR/MS
strategic information systems
SIS


Modelling user acceptance of building management systems

Abstract: This study examines user acceptance of building management systems (BMS) using a questionnaire survey. These systems are crucial for optimising building performance and yet it has been widely reported that users are not making full use of their systems' facilities. Established models of technology acceptance have been employed in this research, and the positive influence of user perceptions of ease of use and compatibility has been demonstrated. Previous research has indicated differing levels of importance of perceived ease of use relative to other factors. Here, perceived ease of use is shown generally to be more important, though the balance between this and compatibility is moderated by the user perceptions of voluntariness

model user accept of build manag system
 thi studi examin user accept of build manag system ( bm ) use a questionnair survey . these system are crucial for optimis build perform and yet it ha been wide report that user are not make full use of their system ' facil . establish model of technolog accept have been employ in thi research , and the posit influenc of user percept of eas of use and compat ha been demonstr . previou research ha indic differ level of import of perceiv eas of use rel to other factor . here , perceiv eas of use is shown gener to be more import , though the balanc between thi and compat is moder by the user percept of voluntari

building management systems
questionnaire survey
user perceptions
ease of use
compatibility
voluntariness
user acceptance modelling
technology acceptance model
innovation characteristics
information systems


Content standards for electronic books: the OEBF publication structure and the role of public interest participation

Abstract: In the emerging world of electronic publishing how we create, distribute, and read books will be in a large part determined by an underlying framework of content standards that establishes the range of technological opportunities and constraints for publishing and reading systems. But efforts to develop content standards based on sound engineering models must skillfully negotiate competing and sometimes apparently irreconcilable objectives if they are to produce results relevant to the rapidly changing course of technology. The Open eBook Forum's Publication Structure, an XML-based specification for electronic books, is an example of the sort of timely and innovative problem solving required for successful real-world standards development. As a result of this effort, the electronic book industry will not only happen sooner and on a larger scale than it would have otherwise, but the electronic books it produces will be more functional, more interoperable, and more accessible to all readers. Public interest participants have a critical role in this process

content standard for electron book : the oebf public structur and the role of public interest particip
 in the emerg world of electron publish how we creat , distribut , and read book will be in a larg part determin by an underli framework of content standard that establish the rang of technolog opportun and constraint for publish and read system . but effort to develop content standard base on sound engin model must skill negoti compet and sometim appar irreconcil object if they are to produc result relev to the rapidli chang cours of technolog . the open ebook forum 's public structur , an xml-base specif for electron book , is an exampl of the sort of time and innov problem solv requir for success real-world standard develop . as a result of thi effort , the electron book industri will not onli happen sooner and on a larger scale than it would have otherwis , but the electron book it produc will be more function , more interoper , and more access to all reader . public interest particip have a critic role in thi process

content standards
electronic books
OEBF Publication Structure
public interest participation
electronic publishing
XML-based specification
Open eBook Forum Publication Structure


A method of determining a sequence of the best solutions to the problems of optimization on finite sets and the problem of network reconstruction

Abstract: A method of determining a sequence of the best solutions to the problems of optimization on finite sets was proposed. Its complexity was estimated by a polynomial of the dimension of problem input, given number of sequence terms, and complexity of completing the design of the original extremal problem. The technique developed was applied to the typical problem of network reconstruction with the aim of increasing its throughput under restricted reconstruction costs

a method of determin a sequenc of the best solut to the problem of optim on finit set and the problem of network reconstruct
 a method of determin a sequenc of the best solut to the problem of optim on finit set wa propos . it complex wa estim by a polynomi of the dimens of problem input , given number of sequenc term , and complex of complet the design of the origin extrem problem . the techniqu develop wa appli to the typic problem of network reconstruct with the aim of increas it throughput under restrict reconstruct cost

best solutions
optimization
finite sets
network reconstruction
complexity


Factors contributing to preservice teachers' discomfort in a Web-based course structured as an inquiry

Abstract: A report is given of a qualitative emergent design study of a Science, Technology, Society Interaction (STS) Web-enhanced course. Students' discomfort during the pilot test provided insight into the intellectual scaffolding that preservice secondary science teachers needed to optimize their performance when required to develop understanding through open-ended inquiry in a Web environment. Eight factors identified contributed to student discomfort: computer skills, paradigm shifts, trust, time management, thinking about their own thinking, systematic inquiry, self-assessment, and scientific discourse. These factors suggested developing understanding through inquiry by conducting a self-designed, open-ended, systematic inquiry required autonomous learning involving metacognitive skills and time management skills. To the extent in which students either came into the course with this scaffolding, or developed it during the course, they were successful in learning about STS and its relationship to science teaching. Changes in the Web site made to accommodate learners' needs as they surfaced are described

factor contribut to preservic teacher ' discomfort in a web-bas cours structur as an inquiri
 a report is given of a qualit emerg design studi of a scienc , technolog , societi interact ( st ) web-enhanc cours . student ' discomfort dure the pilot test provid insight into the intellectu scaffold that preservic secondari scienc teacher need to optim their perform when requir to develop understand through open-end inquiri in a web environ . eight factor identifi contribut to student discomfort : comput skill , paradigm shift , trust , time manag , think about their own think , systemat inquiri , self-assess , and scientif discours . these factor suggest develop understand through inquiri by conduct a self-design , open-end , systemat inquiri requir autonom learn involv metacognit skill and time manag skill . to the extent in which student either came into the cours with thi scaffold , or develop it dure the cours , they were success in learn about st and it relationship to scienc teach . chang in the web site made to accommod learner ' need as they surfac are describ

science technology society interaction course

P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P R R


E-mail and the legal profession

Abstract: The widespread use of E-mail can be found in all areas of commerce, and the legal profession is one that has embraced this new medium of communication. E-mail is not without its drawbacks, however. Due to the nature of the technologies behind the medium, it is a less secure form of communication than many of those traditionally used by the legal profession, including DX, facsimile, and standard and registered post. There are a number of ways in which E-mails originating from the practice may be protected, including software encryption, hardware encryption and various methods of controlling and administering access to the E-mails

e-mail and the legal profess
 the widespread use of e-mail can be found in all area of commerc , and the legal profess is one that ha embrac thi new medium of commun . e-mail is not without it drawback , howev . due to the natur of the technolog behind the medium , it is a less secur form of commun than mani of those tradit use by the legal profess , includ dx , facsimil , and standard and regist post . there are a number of way in which e-mail origin from the practic may be protect , includ softwar encrypt , hardwar encrypt and variou method of control and administ access to the e-mail

E-mail
legal profession
software encryption
hardware encryption
secure communication
access control


Fresh tracks [food processing]

Abstract: Bar code labels and wireless terminals linked to a centralized database accurately track meat products from receiving to customers for Farmland Foods

fresh track [ food process ]
 bar code label and wireless termin link to a central databas accur track meat product from receiv to custom for farmland food

food processing
bar code labels
wireless terminals
Farmland Foods
automatic data capture
Intermec Technologies


Using NetCloak to develop server-side Web-based experiments without writing CGI programs

Abstract: Server-side experiments use the Web server, rather than the participant's browser, to handle tasks such as random assignment, eliminating inconsistencies with Java and other client-side applications. Heretofore, experimenters wishing to create server-side experiments have had to write programs to create common gateway interface (CGI) scripts in programming languages such as Perl and C++. NetCloak uses simple, HTML-like commands to create CGIs. We used NetCloak to implement an experiment on probability estimation. Measurements of time on task and participants' IP addresses assisted quality control. Without prior training, in less than 1 month, we were able to use NetCloak to design and create a Web-based experiment and to help graduate students create three Web-based experiments of their own

use netcloak to develop server-sid web-bas experi without write cgi program
 server-sid experi use the web server , rather than the particip 's browser , to handl task such as random assign , elimin inconsist with java and other client-sid applic . heretofor , experiment wish to creat server-sid experi have had to write program to creat common gateway interfac ( cgi ) script in program languag such as perl and c++ . netcloak use simpl , html-like command to creat cgi . we use netcloak to implement an experi on probabl estim . measur of time on task and particip ' ip address assist qualiti control . without prior train , in less than 1 month , we were abl to use netcloak to design and creat a web-bas experi and to help graduat student creat three web-bas experi of their own

NetCloak
server-side Web-based experiments
CGI programs
Web server
random assignment
Java
client-side applications
Perl
probability estimation
IP addresses
quality control
graduate students
common gateway interface scripts
C++ language
HTML
Internet
behavioral data
psychology


A pretopological approach for structural analysis

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to present a methodological approach for problems encountered in structural analysis. This approach is based upon the pretopological concepts of pseudoclosure and minimal closed subsets. The advantage of this approach is that it provides a framework which is general enough to model and formulate different types of connections that exist between the elements of a population. In addition, it has enabled us to develop a new structural analysis algorithm. An explanation of the definitions and properties of the pretopological concepts applied in this work is first shown and illustrated in sample settings. The structural analysis algorithm is then described and the results obtained in an economic study of the impact of geographic proximity on scientific collaborations are presented

a pretopolog approach for structur analysi
 the aim of thi paper is to present a methodolog approach for problem encount in structur analysi . thi approach is base upon the pretopolog concept of pseudoclosur and minim close subset . the advantag of thi approach is that it provid a framework which is gener enough to model and formul differ type of connect that exist between the element of a popul . in addit , it ha enabl us to develop a new structur analysi algorithm . an explan of the definit and properti of the pretopolog concept appli in thi work is first shown and illustr in sampl set . the structur analysi algorithm is then describ and the result obtain in an econom studi of the impact of geograph proxim on scientif collabor are present

pretopological approach
structural analysis
pseudoclosure
minimal closed subsets
connections
economic study
geographic proximity
scientific collaborations


Designing a screening experiment for highly reliable products

Abstract: Within a reasonable life-testing time, how to improve the reliability of highly reliable products is one of the great challenges. By using a resolution III experiment together with degradation test, Tseng et al. (1995) presented a case study of improving the reliability of fluorescent lamps. However, in conducting such an experiment, they did not address the problem of how to choose the optimal settings of variables, such as sample size, inspection frequency, and termination time for each run, which are influential to the correct identification of significant factors and the experimental cost. Assuming that the product's degradation paths satisfy Wiener processes, this paper proposes a systematic approach to the aforementioned problem. First, an identification rule is proposed. Next, under the constraints of a minimum probability of correct decision and a maximum probability of incorrect decision of the proposed identification rule, the optimum test plan can be obtained by minimizing the total experimental cost. An example is provided to illustrate the proposed method

design a screen experi for highli reliabl product
 within a reason life-test time , how to improv the reliabl of highli reliabl product is one of the great challeng . by use a resolut iii experi togeth with degrad test , tseng et al . ( 1995 ) present a case studi of improv the reliabl of fluoresc lamp . howev , in conduct such an experi , they did not address the problem of how to choos the optim set of variabl , such as sampl size , inspect frequenc , and termin time for each run , which are influenti to the correct identif of signific factor and the experiment cost . assum that the product 's degrad path satisfi wiener process , thi paper propos a systemat approach to the aforement problem . first , an identif rule is propos . next , under the constraint of a minimum probabl of correct decis and a maximum probabl of incorrect decis of the propos identif rule , the optimum test plan can be obtain by minim the total experiment cost . an exampl is provid to illustr the propos method


Teaching management science with spreadsheets: From decision models to decision support

Abstract: The 1990s were a decade of enormous change for management science (MS) educators. While the outlook at the beginning of the decade was somewhat bleak, the renaissance in MS education brought about by the use of spreadsheets as the primary delivery vehicle for quantitative modeling techniques has resulted in a much brighter future. This paper takes inventory of the current state of MS education and suggests some promising new directions in the area of decision support systems for MS educators to consider for the future

teach manag scienc with spreadsheet : from decis model to decis support
 the 1990 were a decad of enorm chang for manag scienc ( ms ) educ . while the outlook at the begin of the decad wa somewhat bleak , the renaiss in ms educ brought about by the use of spreadsheet as the primari deliveri vehicl for quantit model techniqu ha result in a much brighter futur . thi paper take inventori of the current state of ms educ and suggest some promis new direct in the area of decis support system for ms educ to consid for the futur

management science
spreadsheets
MS education
quantitative modeling
decision support systems


Fully automatic algorithm for region of interest location in camera calibration

Abstract: We present an automatic method for region of interest (ROI) location in camera calibration used in computer vision inspection. An intelligent ROI location algorithm based on the Radon transform is developed to automate the calibration process. The algorithm remains robust even if the anchor target has a notable rotation angle in the target plane. This method functions well although the anchor target is not carefully positioned. Several improvement methods are studied to avoid the algorithm's huge time/space consumption problem. The algorithm runs about 100 times faster if these improvement methods are applied. Using this method fully automatic camera calibration is achieved without human interactive ROI specification. Experiments show that this algorithm can help to calibrate the intrinsic parameters of the zoom lens and the camera parameters quickly and automatically

fulli automat algorithm for region of interest locat in camera calibr
 we present an automat method for region of interest ( roi ) locat in camera calibr use in comput vision inspect . an intellig roi locat algorithm base on the radon transform is develop to autom the calibr process . the algorithm remain robust even if the anchor target ha a notabl rotat angl in the target plane . thi method function well although the anchor target is not care posit . sever improv method are studi to avoid the algorithm 's huge time / space consumpt problem . the algorithm run about 100 time faster if these improv method are appli . use thi method fulli automat camera calibr is achiev without human interact roi specif . experi show that thi algorithm can help to calibr the intrins paramet of the zoom len and the camera paramet quickli and automat

Fully automatic algorithm
region of interest location
interest location
camera calibration
computer vision inspection
ROI location algorithm
Radon transform
calibration process
rotation angle
time/space consumption problem
fully automatic camera calibration
intrinsic parameters
zoom lens
camera parameters
human interactive specification


Virus hunting

Abstract: We all appreciate the need for, and hopefully we have all deployed, anti-virus software. The good news is that AV software has come a long way fast. Four or so years ago it was true to write that AV software could not detect Trojan Horses and similar intrusion attempts. Now it can and does. McAfee's VirusScan, for example, goes one further; it detects viruses, worms and Trojan Horses and deploys itself as a firewall to filter data packets, control access to Internet resources, activate rule sets for specific applications, in general to protect against hackers. But like so much software, we use it with little thought as to how it came to do its job. Behind the scenes there is an army of top notch programmers trying to stay ahead of the baddies who, at the last count, had produced some 60,000 viruses

viru hunt
 we all appreci the need for , and hope we have all deploy , anti-viru softwar . the good news is that av softwar ha come a long way fast . four or so year ago it wa true to write that av softwar could not detect trojan hors and similar intrus attempt . now it can and doe . mcafe 's virusscan , for exampl , goe one further ; it detect virus , worm and trojan hors and deploy itself as a firewal to filter data packet , control access to internet resourc , activ rule set for specif applic , in gener to protect against hacker . but like so much softwar , we use it with littl thought as to how it came to do it job . behind the scene there is an armi of top notch programm tri to stay ahead of the baddi who , at the last count , had produc some 60,000 virus

anti-virus software
Trojan Horses
worms
programmers


Perspectives on scholarly online books: the Columbia University Online Books Evaluation Project

Abstract: The Online Books Evaluation Project at Columbia University studied the potential for scholarly online books from 1995 to 1999. Issues included scholars' interest in using online books, the role they might play in scholarly life, features that scholars and librarians sought in online books, the costs of producing and owning print and online books, and potential marketplace arrangements. Scholars see potential for online books to make their research, learning, and teaching more efficient and effective. Librarians see potential to serve their scholars better. Librarians may face lower costs if they can serve their scholars with online books instead of print books. Publishers may be able to offer scholars greater opportunities to use their books while enhancing their own profitability

perspect on scholarli onlin book : the columbia univers onlin book evalu project
 the onlin book evalu project at columbia univers studi the potenti for scholarli onlin book from 1995 to 1999 . issu includ scholar ' interest in use onlin book , the role they might play in scholarli life , featur that scholar and librarian sought in onlin book , the cost of produc and own print and onlin book , and potenti marketplac arrang . scholar see potenti for onlin book to make their research , learn , and teach more effici and effect . librarian see potenti to serv their scholar better . librarian may face lower cost if they can serv their scholar with onlin book instead of print book . publish may be abl to offer scholar greater opportun to use their book while enhanc their own profit


Self-calibration from image derivatives

Abstract: This study investigates the problem of estimating camera calibration parameters from image motion fields induced by a rigidly moving camera with unknown parameters, where the image formation is modeled with a linear pinhole-camera model. The equations obtained show the flow to be separated into a component due to the translation and the calibration parameters and a component due to the rotation and the calibration parameters. A set of parameters encoding the latter component is linearly related to the flow, and from these parameters the calibration can be determined. However, as for discrete motion, in general it is not possible to decouple image measurements obtained from only two frames into translational and rotational components. Geometrically, the ambiguity takes the form of a part of the rotational component being parallel to the translational component, and thus the scene can be reconstructed only up to a projective transformation. In general, for full calibration at least four successive image frames are necessary, with the 3D rotation changing between the measurements. The geometric analysis gives rise to a direct self-calibration method that avoids computation of optical flow or point correspondences and uses only normal flow measurements. New constraints on the smoothness of the surfaces in view are formulated to relate structure and motion directly to image derivatives, and on the basis of these constraints the transformation of the viewing geometry between consecutive images is estimated. The calibration parameters are then estimated from the rotational components of several flow fields. As the proposed technique neither requires a special set up nor needs exact correspondence it is potentially useful for the calibration of active vision systems which have to acquire knowledge about their intrinsic parameters while they perform other tasks, or as a tool for analyzing image sequences in large video databases

self-calibr from imag deriv
 thi studi investig the problem of estim camera calibr paramet from imag motion field induc by a rigidli move camera with unknown paramet , where the imag format is model with a linear pinhole-camera model . the equat obtain show the flow to be separ into a compon due to the translat and the calibr paramet and a compon due to the rotat and the calibr paramet . a set of paramet encod the latter compon is linearli relat to the flow , and from these paramet the calibr can be determin . howev , as for discret motion , in gener it is not possibl to decoupl imag measur obtain from onli two frame into translat and rotat compon . geometr , the ambigu take the form of a part of the rotat compon be parallel to the translat compon , and thu the scene can be reconstruct onli up to a project transform . in gener , for full calibr at least four success imag frame are necessari , with the 3d rotat chang between the measur . the geometr analysi give rise to a direct self-calibr method that avoid comput of optic flow or point correspond and use onli normal flow measur . new constraint on the smooth of the surfac in view are formul to relat structur and motion directli to imag deriv , and on the basi of these constraint the transform of the view geometri between consecut imag is estim . the calibr paramet are then estim from the rotat compon of sever flow field . as the propos techniqu neither requir a special set up nor need exact correspond it is potenti use for the calibr of activ vision system which have to acquir knowledg about their intrins paramet while they perform other task , or as a tool for analyz imag sequenc in larg video databas

camera calibration parameters
calibration parameters
image motion fields
rigidly moving camera
image formation
linear pinhole-camera model
image measurements
rotational components
translational components
direct self-calibration method
optical flow
point correspondences
normal flow measurements
active vision systems
image sequences
large video databases
depth distortion