Motion estimation using modified dynamic programming

Abstract: A new method for computing precise estimates of the motion vector field of moving objects in a sequence of images is proposed. Correspondence vector-field computation is formulated as a matching optimization problem for multiple dynamic images. The proposed method is a heuristic modification of dynamic programming applied to the 2-D optimization problem. Motion-vector-field estimates using real movie images demonstrate good performance of the algorithm in terms of dynamic motion analysis

motion estim use modifi dynam program
 a new method for comput precis estim of the motion vector field of move object in a sequenc of imag is propos . correspond vector-field comput is formul as a match optim problem for multipl dynam imag . the propos method is a heurist modif of dynam program appli to the 2-d optim problem . motion-vector-field estim use real movi imag demonstr good perform of the algorithm in term of dynam motion analysi

motion estimation
modified dynamic programming
dynamic programming
precise estimates
motion vector field
moving objects
vector-field computation
matching optimization problem
multiple dynamic images
heuristic modification
2-D optimization problem
real movie images
algorithm
dynamic motion analysis
image sequence
motion vector field estimates


Automated breath detection on long-duration signals using feedforward backpropagation artificial neural networks

Abstract: A new breath-detection algorithm is presented, intended to automate the analysis of respiratory data acquired during sleep. The algorithm is based on two independent artificial neural networks (ANN/sub insp/ and ANN/sub expi/) that recognize, in the original signal, windows of interest where the onset of inspiration and expiration occurs. Postprocessing consists in finding inside each of these windows of interest minimum and maximum corresponding to each inspiration and expiration. The ANN/sub insp/ and ANN/sub expi/ correctly determine respectively 98.0% and 98.7% of the desired windows, when compared with 29 820 inspirations and 29 819 expirations detected by a human expert, obtained from three entire-night recordings. Postprocessing allowed determination of inspiration and expiration onsets with a mean difference with respect to the same human expert of (mean +or- SD) 34 +or- 71 ms for inspiration and 5 +or- 46 ms for expiration. The method proved to be effective in detecting the onset of inspiration and expiration in full night continuous recordings. A comparison of five human experts performing the same classification task yielded that the automated algorithm was undifferentiable from these human experts, failing within the distribution of human expert results. Besides being applicable to adult respiratory volume data, the presented algorithm was also successfully applied to infant sleep data, consisting of uncalibrated rib cage and abdominal movement recordings. A comparison with two previously published algorithms for breath detection in respiratory volume signal shows that the presented algorithm has a higher specificity, while presenting similar or higher positive predictive values

autom breath detect on long-dur signal use feedforward backpropag artifici neural network
 a new breath-detect algorithm is present , intend to autom the analysi of respiratori data acquir dure sleep . the algorithm is base on two independ artifici neural network ( ann / sub insp/ and ann / sub expi/ ) that recogn , in the origin signal , window of interest where the onset of inspir and expir occur . postprocess consist in find insid each of these window of interest minimum and maximum correspond to each inspir and expir . the ann / sub insp/ and ann / sub expi/ correctli determin respect 98.0 % and 98.7 % of the desir window , when compar with 29 820 inspir and 29 819 expir detect by a human expert , obtain from three entire-night record . postprocess allow determin of inspir and expir onset with a mean differ with respect to the same human expert of ( mean + or- sd ) 34 + or- 71 ms for inspir and 5 + or- 46 ms for expir . the method prove to be effect in detect the onset of inspir and expir in full night continu record . a comparison of five human expert perform the same classif task yield that the autom algorithm wa undifferenti from these human expert , fail within the distribut of human expert result . besid be applic to adult respiratori volum data , the present algorithm wa also success appli to infant sleep data , consist of uncalibr rib cage and abdomin movement record . a comparison with two previous publish algorithm for breath detect in respiratori volum signal show that the present algorithm ha a higher specif , while present similar or higher posit predict valu


Underground poetry, collecting poetry, and the librarian

Abstract: A powerful encounter with underground poetry and its important role in poetry, literature, and culture is discussed. The acquisitions difficulties encountered in the unique publishing world of underground poetry are introduced. Strategies for acquiring underground poetry for library collections are proposed, including total immersion and local focus, with accompanying action

underground poetri , collect poetri , and the librarian
 a power encount with underground poetri and it import role in poetri , literatur , and cultur is discuss . the acquisit difficulti encount in the uniqu publish world of underground poetri are introduc . strategi for acquir underground poetri for librari collect are propos , includ total immers and local focu , with accompani action

underground poetry
librarian
literature
culture
publishing
library collections
out-of-print books
special collections


Personality research on the Internet: a comparison of Web-based and traditional instruments in take-home and in-class settings

Abstract: Students, faculty, and researchers have become increasingly comfortable with the Internet, and many of them are interested in using the Web to collect data. Few published studies have investigated the differences between Web-based data and data collected with more traditional methods. In order to investigate these potential differences, two important factors were crossed in this study: whether the data were collected on line or not and whether the data were collected in a group setting at a fixed time or individually at a time of the respondent's choosing. The Visions of Morality scale (Shelton and McAdams, 1990) was used, and the participants were assigned to one of four conditions: in-class Web survey, in-class paper-and-pencil survey; take-home Web survey, and take-home paper-and-pencil survey. No significant differences in scores were found for any condition; however, response rates were affected by the type of survey administered, with the take-home Web-based instrument having the lowest response rate. Therefore, researchers need to be aware that different modes of administration may affect subject attrition and may, therefore, confound investigations of other independent variables

person research on the internet : a comparison of web-bas and tradit instrument in take-hom and in-class set
 student , faculti , and research have becom increasingli comfort with the internet , and mani of them are interest in use the web to collect data . few publish studi have investig the differ between web-bas data and data collect with more tradit method . in order to investig these potenti differ , two import factor were cross in thi studi : whether the data were collect on line or not and whether the data were collect in a group set at a fix time or individu at a time of the respond 's choos . the vision of moral scale ( shelton and mcadam , 1990 ) wa use , and the particip were assign to one of four condit : in-class web survey , in-class paper-and-pencil survey ; take-hom web survey , and take-hom paper-and-pencil survey . no signific differ in score were found for ani condit ; howev , respons rate were affect by the type of survey administ , with the take-hom web-bas instrument have the lowest respons rate . therefor , research need to be awar that differ mode of administr may affect subject attrit and may , therefor , confound investig of other independ variabl

personality research
Internet
data collection
Visions of Morality scale
in-class Web survey
in-class paper-and-pencil survey
take-home Web survey
take-home paper-and-pencil survey
response rates
Web-based instruments
administration
subject attrition


Learning spatial relations using an inductive logic programming system

Abstract: The ability to learn spatial relations is a prerequisite for performing many relevant tasks such as those associated with motion, orientation, navigation, etc. This paper reports on using an Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) system for learning function-free Horn-clause descriptions of spatial knowledge. Its main contribution, however, is to show that an existing relation between two reference systems-the speaker-relative and the absolute-can be automatically learned by an ILP system, given the proper background knowledge and positive examples

learn spatial relat use an induct logic program system
 the abil to learn spatial relat is a prerequisit for perform mani relev task such as those associ with motion , orient , navig , etc . thi paper report on use an induct logic program ( ilp ) system for learn function-fre horn-claus descript of spatial knowledg . it main contribut , howev , is to show that an exist relat between two refer systems-th speaker-rel and the absolute-can be automat learn by an ilp system , given the proper background knowledg and posit exampl

spatial relations
inductive logic programming system
function-free Horn-clause descriptions
spatial relations learning


Geometrically invariant watermarking using feature points

Abstract: This paper presents a new approach for watermarking of digital images providing robustness to geometrical distortions. The weaknesses of classical watermarking methods to geometrical distortions are outlined first. Geometrical distortions can be decomposed into two classes: global transformations such as rotations and translations and local transformations such as the StirMark attack. An overview of existing self-synchronizing schemes is then presented. Theses schemes can use periodical properties of the mark, invariant properties of transforms, template insertion, or information provided by the original image to counter geometrical distortions. Thereafter, a new class of watermarking schemes using the image content is presented. We propose an embedding and detection scheme where the mark is bound with a content descriptor defined by salient points. Three different types of feature points are studied and their robustness to geometrical transformations is evaluated to develop an enhanced detector. The embedding of the signature is done by extracting feature points of the image and performing a Delaunay tessellation on the set of points. The mark is embedded using a classical additive scheme inside each triangle of the tessellation. The detection is done using correlation properties on the different triangles. The performance of the presented scheme is evaluated after JPEG compression, geometrical attack and transformations. Results show that the fact that the scheme is robust to these different manipulations. Finally, in our concluding remarks, we analyze the different perspectives of such content-based watermarking scheme

geometr invari watermark use featur point
 thi paper present a new approach for watermark of digit imag provid robust to geometr distort . the weak of classic watermark method to geometr distort are outlin first . geometr distort can be decompos into two class : global transform such as rotat and translat and local transform such as the stirmark attack . an overview of exist self-synchron scheme is then present . these s scheme can use period properti of the mark , invari properti of transform , templat insert , or inform provid by the origin imag to counter geometr distort . thereaft , a new class of watermark scheme use the imag content is present . we propos an embed and detect scheme where the mark is bound with a content descriptor defin by salient point . three differ type of featur point are studi and their robust to geometr transform is evalu to develop an enhanc detector . the embed of the signatur is done by extract featur point of the imag and perform a delaunay tessel on the set of point . the mark is embed use a classic addit scheme insid each triangl of the tessel . the detect is done use correl properti on the differ triangl . the perform of the present scheme is evalu after jpeg compress , geometr attack and transform . result show that the fact that the scheme is robust to these differ manipul . final , in our conclud remark , we analyz the differ perspect of such content-bas watermark scheme

geometrically invariant watermarking
feature points
digital images
geometrical distortions
global transformations
transforms
rotations
translations
local transformations
StirMark attack
self-synchronizing schemes
periodical properties
invariant properties
template insertion
image content
embedding
detection scheme
content descriptor
Delaunay tessellation
additive scheme
correlation properties
JPEG compression
geometrical attack
feature extraction

P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P R


Pervasive computing goes to work: interfacing to the enterprise

Abstract: The paperless office is an idea whose time has come, and come, and come again. To see how pervasive computing applications might bring some substance to this dream, the author spoke recently with key managers and technologists at McKesson Corporation (San Francisco), a healthcare supplier, service, and technology company with US$50 billion in sales last year, and also at AvantGo (Hayward, Calif.), a provider of mobile infrastructure software and services. For the past several years, McKesson has used mobility middleware developed by AvantGo to deploy major supply chain applications with thousands of pervasive clients and multiple servers that replace existing paper-based tracking systems. According to McKesson's managers, their system greatly reduced errors and associated costs caused by redelivery or loss of valuable products, giving McKesson a solid return on its investment

pervas comput goe to work : interfac to the enterpris
 the paperless offic is an idea whose time ha come , and come , and come again . to see how pervas comput applic might bring some substanc to thi dream , the author spoke recent with key manag and technologist at mckesson corpor ( san francisco ) , a healthcar supplier , servic , and technolog compani with us$ 50 billion in sale last year , and also at avantgo ( hayward , calif. ) , a provid of mobil infrastructur softwar and servic . for the past sever year , mckesson ha use mobil middlewar develop by avantgo to deploy major suppli chain applic with thousand of pervas client and multipl server that replac exist paper-bas track system . accord to mckesson 's manag , their system greatli reduc error and associ cost caus by redeliveri or loss of valuabl product , give mckesson a solid return on it invest

paperless office
pervasive clients
multiple servers
mobile workers
enterprise resource planning
data warehousing


What you get is what you see [Web performance monitoring]

Abstract: To get the best possible performance from your Web infrastructure, you'll need a complete view. Don't neglect the big picture because you're too busy concentrating on details. The increasing complexity of Web sites and the content they provide has consequently increased the complexity of the infrastructure that supports them. But with some knowledge of networking, a handful of useful tools, and the insight that those tools provide, designing and operating for optimal performance and reliability is within your grasp

what you get is what you see [ web perform monitor ]
 to get the best possibl perform from your web infrastructur , you 'll need a complet view . do n't neglect the big pictur becaus you 're too busi concentr on detail . the increas complex of web site and the content they provid ha consequ increas the complex of the infrastructur that support them . but with some knowledg of network , a hand of use tool , and the insight that those tool provid , design and oper for optim perform and reliabl is within your grasp

Web performance
Web infrastructure
Web sites
networking
reliability


A self-adjusting quality of service control scheme

Abstract: We propose and analyze a self-adjusting Quality of Service (QoS) control scheme with the goal of optimizing the system reward as a result of servicing different priority clients with varying workload, QoS and reward/penalty requirements. Our scheme is based on resource partitioning and designated "degrade QoS areas" such that system resources are partitioned into priority areas each of which is reserved specifically to serve only clients in a corresponding class with no QoS degradation, plus one "degraded QoS area" into which all clients can be admitted with QoS adjustment being applied only to the lowest priority clients. We show that the best partition is dictated by the workload and the reward/penalty characteristics of clients in difference priority classes. The analysis results can be used by a QoS manager to optimize the system total reward dynamically in response to changing workloads at run time. We demonstrate the validity of our scheme by means of simulation and comparing the proposed QoS self-adjusting scheme with those that do not use resource partitioning or designated degraded QoS areas

a self-adjust qualiti of servic control scheme
 we propos and analyz a self-adjust qualiti of servic ( qo ) control scheme with the goal of optim the system reward as a result of servic differ prioriti client with vari workload , qo and reward / penalti requir . our scheme is base on resourc partit and design " degrad qo area " such that system resourc are partit into prioriti area each of which is reserv specif to serv onli client in a correspond class with no qo degrad , plu one " degrad qo area " into which all client can be admit with qo adjust be appli onli to the lowest prioriti client . we show that the best partit is dictat by the workload and the reward / penalti characterist of client in differ prioriti class . the analysi result can be use by a qo manag to optim the system total reward dynam in respons to chang workload at run time . we demonstr the valid of our scheme by mean of simul and compar the propos qo self-adjust scheme with those that do not use resourc partit or design degrad qo area


Nonlinear modeling and adaptive fuzzy control of MCFC stack

Abstract: To improve availability and performance of fuel cells, the operating temperature of the molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC) stack should be controlled within a specified range. However, most existing models of MCFC are not ready to be applied in synthesis. In the paper, a radial basis function neural networks identification model of a MCFC stack is developed based on the input-output sampled data. An adaptive fuzzy control procedure for the temperature of the MCFC stack is also developed. The parameters of the fuzzy control system are regulated by back-propagation algorithm, and the rule database of the fuzzy system is also adaptively adjusted by the nearest-neighbor-clustering algorithm. Finally using the neural networks model of MCFC stack, the simulation results of the control algorithm are presented. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed modeling and design procedures for the MCFC stack based on neural networks identification and the novel adaptive fuzzy control

nonlinear model and adapt fuzzi control of mcfc stack
 to improv avail and perform of fuel cell , the oper temperatur of the molten carbon fuel cell ( mcfc ) stack should be control within a specifi rang . howev , most exist model of mcfc are not readi to be appli in synthesi . in the paper , a radial basi function neural network identif model of a mcfc stack is develop base on the input-output sampl data . an adapt fuzzi control procedur for the temperatur of the mcfc stack is also develop . the paramet of the fuzzi control system are regul by back-propag algorithm , and the rule databas of the fuzzi system is also adapt adjust by the nearest-neighbor-clust algorithm . final use the neural network model of mcfc stack , the simul result of the control algorithm are present . the result show the effect of the propos model and design procedur for the mcfc stack base on neural network identif and the novel adapt fuzzi control


Designing and delivering a university course - a process (or operations) management perspective

Abstract: With over 30 years of academic experience in both engineering and management faculties, involving trial and error experimentation in teaching as well as reading relevant literature and observing other instructors in action, the author has accumulated a number of ideas, regarding the preparation and delivery of a university course, that should be of interest to other instructors. This should be particularly the case for those individuals who have had little or no teaching experience (e.g. those whose graduate education was recently completed at research-oriented institutions providing little guidance with respect to teaching). A particular perspective is used to convey the ideas, namely one of viewing the preparation and delivery of a course as two major processes that should provide outputs or outcomes that are of value to a number of customers, in particular, students

design and deliv a univers cours - a process ( or oper ) manag perspect
 with over 30 year of academ experi in both engin and manag faculti , involv trial and error experiment in teach as well as read relev literatur and observ other instructor in action , the author ha accumul a number of idea , regard the prepar and deliveri of a univers cours , that should be of interest to other instructor . thi should be particularli the case for those individu who have had littl or no teach experi ( e.g. those whose graduat educ wa recent complet at research-ori institut provid littl guidanc with respect to teach ) . a particular perspect is use to convey the idea , name one of view the prepar and deliveri of a cours as two major process that should provid output or outcom that are of valu to a number of custom , in particular , student

management perspective
academic experience
management faculties
university course delivery
engineering faculties
search-oriented institutions


Bayesian nonstationary autoregressive models for biomedical signal analysis

Abstract: We describe a variational Bayesian algorithm for the estimation of a multivariate autoregressive model with time-varying coefficients that adapt according to a linear dynamical system. The algorithm allows for time and frequency domain characterization of nonstationary multivariate signals and is especially suited to the analysis of event-related data. Results are presented on synthetic data and real electroencephalogram data recorded in event-related desynchronization and photic synchronization scenarios

bayesian nonstationari autoregress model for biomed signal analysi
 we describ a variat bayesian algorithm for the estim of a multivari autoregress model with time-vari coeffici that adapt accord to a linear dynam system . the algorithm allow for time and frequenc domain character of nonstationari multivari signal and is especi suit to the analysi of event-rel data . result are present on synthet data and real electroencephalogram data record in event-rel desynchron and photic synchron scenario


Horizontal waypoint guidance design using optimal control

Abstract: A horizontal waypoint guidance algorithm is proposed by applying line-following guidance to waypoint line segments in sequence. The line-following guidance is designed using an LQR (linear quadratic regulator). Then, the optimal waypoint changing points are derived by minimizing the accelerations required for changing the waypoint line segments. Also derived is a sufficient condition for the stability bound of ground speed changes based on the Lyapunov stability theorem. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively guide a vehicle along the sequence of waypoint line segments

horizont waypoint guidanc design use optim control
 a horizont waypoint guidanc algorithm is propos by appli line-follow guidanc to waypoint line segment in sequenc . the line-follow guidanc is design use an lqr ( linear quadrat regul ) . then , the optim waypoint chang point are deriv by minim the acceler requir for chang the waypoint line segment . also deriv is a suffici condit for the stabil bound of ground speed chang base on the lyapunov stabil theorem . simul result show that the propos algorithm can effect guid a vehicl along the sequenc of waypoint line segment

horizontal waypoint guidance algorithm
line-following guidance
waypoint line segments
LQR
linear quadratic regulator
optimal waypoint changing points
stability bound
ground speed changes
Lyapunov stability theorem
unmanned flying vehicle
threat avoidance
terrain masking
attack directions
target location arrival time


A design to cost system for innovative product development

Abstract: Presents a prototype object-oriented and rule-based system for product cost modelling and design for automation at an early design stage. The developed system comprises a computer aided design (CAD) solid modelling system, a material selection module, a knowledge-based system (KBS), a process optimization module, a design for assembly module, a cost estimation module and a user interface. Two manufacturing processes, namely machining and injection moulding processes, were considered in the developed system. The main function of the system, besides estimating the product cost, is to generate initial process planning, including the generation and selection of machining processes, their sequence and their machining parameters, and to recommend the most economical assembly technique for a product and provide design improvement suggestions based on a design feasibility technique. In addition, a feature-by-feature cost estimation report is generated using the proposed system to highlight the features of high manufacturing cost. Two case studies were used to validate the developed system

a design to cost system for innov product develop
 present a prototyp object-ori and rule-bas system for product cost model and design for autom at an earli design stage . the develop system compris a comput aid design ( cad ) solid model system , a materi select modul , a knowledge-bas system ( kb ) , a process optim modul , a design for assembl modul , a cost estim modul and a user interfac . two manufactur process , name machin and inject mould process , were consid in the develop system . the main function of the system , besid estim the product cost , is to gener initi process plan , includ the gener and select of machin process , their sequenc and their machin paramet , and to recommend the most econom assembl techniqu for a product and provid design improv suggest base on a design feasibl techniqu . in addit , a feature-by-featur cost estim report is gener use the propos system to highlight the featur of high manufactur cost . two case studi were use to valid the develop system

computer aided design solid modelling system


Multidimensional data visualization

Abstract: Historically, data visualization has been limited primarily to two dimensions (e.g., histograms or scatter plots). Available software packages (e.g., Data Desk 6.1, MatLab 6.1, SAS-JMP 4.04, SPSS 10.0) are capable of producing three-dimensional scatter plots with (varying degrees of) user interactivity. We constructed our own data visualization application with the Visualization Toolkit (Schroeder et al., 1998) and Tcl/Tk to display multivariate data through the application of glyphs (Ware, 2000). A glyph is a visual object onto which many data parameters may be mapped, each with a different visual attribute (e.g., size or color). We used our multi-dimensional data viewer to explore data from several psycholinguistic experiments. The graphical interface provides flexibility when users dynamically explore the multidimensional image rendered from raw experimental data. We highlight advantages of multidimensional data visualization and consider some potential limitations

multidimension data visual
 histor , data visual ha been limit primarili to two dimens ( e.g. , histogram or scatter plot ) . avail softwar packag ( e.g. , data desk 6.1 , matlab 6.1 , sas-jmp 4.04 , spss 10.0 ) are capabl of produc three-dimension scatter plot with ( vari degre of ) user interact . we construct our own data visual applic with the visual toolkit ( schroeder et al . , 1998 ) and tcl / tk to display multivari data through the applic of glyph ( ware , 2000 ) . a glyph is a visual object onto which mani data paramet may be map , each with a differ visual attribut ( e.g. , size or color ) . we use our multi-dimension data viewer to explor data from sever psycholinguist experi . the graphic interfac provid flexibl when user dynam explor the multidimension imag render from raw experiment data . we highlight advantag of multidimension data visual and consid some potenti limit

multidimensional data visualization
user interactivity
Visualization Toolkit
Tcl/Tk
glyphs
visual object
data parameters
visual attribute
multi-dimensional data viewer
psycholinguistic experiments
graphical interface
multidimensional image rendering
3D scatter plots
multivariate data display


Comprehensive encoding and decoupling solution to problems of decoherence and design in solid-state quantum computing

Abstract: Proposals for scalable quantum computing devices suffer not only from decoherence due to the interaction with their environment, but also from severe engineering constraints. Here we introduce a practical solution to these major concerns, addressing solid-state proposals in particular. Decoherence is first reduced by encoding a logical qubit into two qubits, then completely eliminated by an efficient set of decoupling pulse sequences. The same encoding removes the need for single-qubit operations, which pose a difficult design constraint. We further show how the dominant decoherence processes can be identified empirically, in order to optimize the decoupling pulses

comprehens encod and decoupl solut to problem of decoher and design in solid-st quantum comput
 propos for scalabl quantum comput devic suffer not onli from decoher due to the interact with their environ , but also from sever engin constraint . here we introduc a practic solut to these major concern , address solid-st propos in particular . decoher is first reduc by encod a logic qubit into two qubit , then complet elimin by an effici set of decoupl puls sequenc . the same encod remov the need for single-qubit oper , which pose a difficult design constraint . we further show how the domin decoher process can be identifi empir , in order to optim the decoupl puls

decoherence
solid-state quantum computing
scalable quantum computing devices
engineering constraints
logical qubit encoding
pulse sequence decoupling
decoupling pulse optimization
exchange Hamiltonian


The acquisition of out-of-print music

Abstract: Non-specialist librarians are alerted to factors important in the successful acquisition of out-of-print music, both scholarly editions and performance editions. The appropriate technical music vocabulary, the music publishing industry, specialized publishers and vendors, and methods of acquisition of out-of-print printed music are introduced, and the need for familiarity with them is emphasized

the acquisit of out-of-print music
 non-specialist librarian are alert to factor import in the success acquisit of out-of-print music , both scholarli edit and perform edit . the appropri technic music vocabulari , the music publish industri , special publish and vendor , and method of acquisit of out-of-print print music are introduc , and the need for familiar with them is emphas

out-of-print music
scholarly editions
performance editions
technical music vocabulary
music publishing industry
specialized publishers
out-of-print printed music
specialized vendors


Genetic algorithm guided selection: variable selection and subset selection

Abstract: A novel genetic algorithm guided selection method, GAS, has been described. The method utilizes a simple encoding scheme which can represent both compounds and variables used to construct a QSAR/QSPR model. A genetic algorithm is then utilized to simultaneously optimize the encoded variables that include both descriptors and compound subsets. The GAS method generates multiple models each applying to a subset of the compounds. Typically the subsets represent clusters with different chemotypes. Also a procedure based on molecular similarity is presented to determine which model should be applied to a given test set compound. The variable selection method implemented in GAS has been tested and compared using the Selwood data set (n = 31 compounds; nu = 53 descriptors). The results showed that the method is comparable to other published methods. The subset selection method implemented in GAS has been first tested using an artificial data set (n = 100 points; nu = 1 descriptor) to examine its ability to subset data points and second applied to analyze the XLOGP data set (n = 1831 compounds; nu = 126 descriptors). The method is able to correctly identify artificial data points belonging to various subsets. The analysis of the XLOGP data set shows that the subset selection method can be useful in improving a QSAR/QSPR model when the variable selection method fails

genet algorithm guid select : variabl select and subset select
 a novel genet algorithm guid select method , ga , ha been describ . the method util a simpl encod scheme which can repres both compound and variabl use to construct a qsar / qspr model . a genet algorithm is then util to simultan optim the encod variabl that includ both descriptor and compound subset . the ga method gener multipl model each appli to a subset of the compound . typic the subset repres cluster with differ chemotyp . also a procedur base on molecular similar is present to determin which model should be appli to a given test set compound . the variabl select method implement in ga ha been test and compar use the selwood data set ( n = 31 compound ; nu = 53 descriptor ) . the result show that the method is compar to other publish method . the subset select method implement in ga ha been first test use an artifici data set ( n = 100 point ; nu = 1 descriptor ) to examin it abil to subset data point and second appli to analyz the xlogp data set ( n = 1831 compound ; nu = 126 descriptor ) . the method is abl to correctli identifi artifici data point belong to variou subset . the analysi of the xlogp data set show that the subset select method can be use in improv a qsar / qspr model when the variabl select method fail


Don't always believe what you Reed [optimisation techniques for Web sites and trade mark infringement]

Abstract: On 20 May 2002, Mr Justice Pumfrey gave judgment in the case of (1) Reed Executive Plc (2) Reed Solutions Plc versus (1) Reed Business Information Limited (2) Reed Elsevier (UK) Limited (3) totaljobs.com Limited. The case explored for the first time in any detail the extent to which the use of various optimisation techniques for Web sites could give rise to new forms of trade mark infringement and passing off. The author reports on the case and offers his comments

do n't alway believ what you reed [ optimis techniqu for web site and trade mark infring ]
 on 20 may 2002 , mr justic pumfrey gave judgment in the case of ( 1 ) reed execut plc ( 2 ) reed solut plc versu ( 1 ) reed busi inform limit ( 2 ) reed elsevi ( uk ) limit ( 3 ) totaljobs.com limit . the case explor for the first time in ani detail the extent to which the use of variou optimis techniqu for web site could give rise to new form of trade mark infring and pass off . the author report on the case and offer hi comment

optimisation techniques
Web sites
trade mark infringement
Reed Executive Plc
Reed Solutions Plc
Reed Business Information Limited
Reed Elsevier (UK) Limited
totaljobs.com Limited
passing off


"Hidden convexity" of finite-dimensional stationary linear discrete-time systems under conical constraints

Abstract: New properties of finite-dimensional linear discrete-time systems under conical control constraints that are similar to the "hidden convexity" of continuous-time systems are studied

" hidden convex " of finite-dimension stationari linear discrete-tim system under conic constraint
 new properti of finite-dimension linear discrete-tim system under conic control constraint that are similar to the " hidden convex " of continuous-tim system are studi


High-density remote storage: the Ohio State University Libraries depository

Abstract: The article describes a high-density off-site book storage facility operated by the Ohio State University Libraries. Opened in 1995, it has the capacity to house nearly 1.5 million items in only 9000 square feet by shelving books by size on 30-foot tall shelving. A sophisticated climate control system extends the life of stored materials up to 12 times. An online catalog record for each item informs patrons that the item is located in a remote location. Regular courier deliveries from the storage facility bring requested materials to patrons with minimal delay

high-dens remot storag : the ohio state univers librari depositori
 the articl describ a high-dens off-sit book storag facil oper by the ohio state univers librari . open in 1995 , it ha the capac to hous nearli 1.5 million item in onli 9000 squar feet by shelv book by size on 30-foot tall shelv . a sophist climat control system extend the life of store materi up to 12 time . an onlin catalog record for each item inform patron that the item is locat in a remot locat . regular courier deliveri from the storag facil bring request materi to patron with minim delay


Information architecture for the Web: The IA matrix approach to designing children's portals

Abstract: The article presents a matrix that can serve as a tool for designing the information architecture of a Web portal in a logical and systematic manner. The information architect begins by inputting the portal's objective, target user, and target content. The matrix then determines the most appropriate information architecture attributes for the portal by filling in the Applied Information Architecture portion of the matrix. The article discusses how the matrix works using the example of a children's Web portal to provide access to museum information

inform architectur for the web : the ia matrix approach to design children 's portal
 the articl present a matrix that can serv as a tool for design the inform architectur of a web portal in a logic and systemat manner . the inform architect begin by input the portal 's object , target user , and target content . the matrix then determin the most appropri inform architectur attribut for the portal by fill in the appli inform architectur portion of the matrix . the articl discuss how the matrix work use the exampl of a children 's web portal to provid access to museum inform

information architecture
target user
target content
children's Web portal
museum information


Embedding of level-continuous fuzzy sets on Banach spaces

Abstract: In this paper we present an extension of the Minkowski embedding theorem, showing the existence of an isometric embedding between the classF/sub c/(X) of compact-convex and level-continuous fuzzy sets on a real separable Banach space X and C([0, 1] * B(X*)), the Banach space of real continuous functions defined on the cartesian product between [0, 1] and the unit ball B(X*) in the dual space X*. Also, by using this embedding, we give some applications to the characterization of relatively compact subsets of F/sub c/(X). In particular, an Ascoli-Arzela type theorem is proved and applied to solving the Cauchy problem x(t) = f(t, x(t)), x(t/sub 0/) = x/sub 0/ on F/sub c/(X)

embed of level-continu fuzzi set on banach space
 in thi paper we present an extens of the minkowski embed theorem , show the exist of an isometr embed between the classf / sub c/(x ) of compact-convex and level-continu fuzzi set on a real separ banach space x and c([0 , 1 ] * b(x * ) ) , the banach space of real continu function defin on the cartesian product between [ 0 , 1 ] and the unit ball b(x * ) in the dual space x * . also , by use thi embed , we give some applic to the character of rel compact subset of f / sub c/(x ) . in particular , an ascoli-arzela type theorem is prove and appli to solv the cauchi problem x(t ) = f(t , x(t ) ) , x(t / sub 0/ ) = x / sub 0/ on f / sub c/(x )

level-continuous fuzzy sets
isometric embedding
real separable Banach space
real continuous functions
cartesian product
unit ball
dual space
Ascoli-Arzela type theorem
Cauchy problem
compact-convex fuzzy sets


Four factors influencing the fair market value of out-of-print books.1

Abstract: Four factors (edition, condition, dust jacket, and autograph) that are hypothesized to influence the value of books are identified and linked to basic economic principles, which are explained. A sample of fifty-six titles is qualitatively examined to test the hypothesis

four factor influenc the fair market valu of out-of-print books.1
 four factor ( edit , condit , dust jacket , and autograph ) that are hypothes to influenc the valu of book are identifi and link to basic econom principl , which are explain . a sampl of fifty-six titl is qualit examin to test the hypothesi

fair market value
economic principles
out-of-print books
pricing


Optimization of planning an advertising campaign of goods and services

Abstract: A generalization of the mathematical model and operations research problems formulated on its basis, which were presented by Belenky (2001) in the framework of an approach to planning an advertising campaign of goods and services, is considered, and corresponding nonlinear programming problems with linear constraints are formulated

optim of plan an advertis campaign of good and servic
 a gener of the mathemat model and oper research problem formul on it basi , which were present by belenki ( 2001 ) in the framework of an approach to plan an advertis campaign of good and servic , is consid , and correspond nonlinear program problem with linear constraint are formul

optimization
operations research
nonlinear programming
advertising campaign planning
OR


Enterprise in focus at NetSec 2002

Abstract: NetSec 2002 took place in San Francisco, amid industry reflection on the balance to be struck between combatting cyber-terrorism and safeguarding civil liberties post-9.11. The author reports on the punditry and the pedagogy at the CSI event, focusing on security in the enterprise

enterpris in focu at netsec 2002
 netsec 2002 took place in san francisco , amid industri reflect on the balanc to be struck between combat cyber-terror and safeguard civil liberti post-9.11 . the author report on the punditri and the pedagogi at the csi event , focus on secur in the enterpris


Computational finite-element schemes for optimal control of an elliptic system with conjugation conditions

Abstract: New optimal control problems are considered for distributed systems described by elliptic equations with conjugate conditions and a quadratic minimized function. Highly accurate computational discretization schemes are constructed for the case where a feasible control set u/sub delta / coincides with the full Hilbert space u of controls

comput finite-el scheme for optim control of an ellipt system with conjug condit
 new optim control problem are consid for distribut system describ by ellipt equat with conjug condit and a quadrat minim function . highli accur comput discret scheme are construct for the case where a feasibl control set u / sub delta / coincid with the full hilbert space u of control

conjugate conditions
optimal control problems
distributed systems
elliptic equations
quadratic minimized function
computational discretization schemes


Exploring developments in Web based relationship marketing within the hotel industry

Abstract: This paper provides a content analysis study of the application of World Wide Web marketing by the hotel industry. There is a lack of historical perspective on industry related Web marketing applications and this paper attempts to resolve this with a two-year follow-up case study of the changing use of the Web to develop different types of relationships. Specifically, the aims are: (1) to identify key changes in the way hotels are using the Web; (2) to look for evidence of the adoption of a relationship marketing (RM) model as a strategy for the development of hotel Web sites and the use of new technologies; and, (3) To investigate the use of multimedia in hotel Web sites. The development and strategic exploitation of the Internet has transformed the basis of marketing. Using the evidence from a Web content survey this study reveals the way relationships are being created and managed within the hotel industry by its use of the Web as a marketing tool. The authors have collected evidence by means of a descriptive study on the way hotels build and create relationships with their Web presence delivering multimedia information as well as channel and interactive means of communication. In addition a strategic framework is offered as the means to describe the mechanism and orientation of Web based marketing by hotels. The study utilizes a model by Gilbert (1996) as a means of developing a measurement instrument to allow a content analysis of the current approach by hotels to the development of Web sites. The results indicate hotels are aware of the new uses of Web technology and are promoting hotel products in the global electronic market in new and sophisticated ways

explor develop in web base relationship market within the hotel industri
 thi paper provid a content analysi studi of the applic of world wide web market by the hotel industri . there is a lack of histor perspect on industri relat web market applic and thi paper attempt to resolv thi with a two-year follow-up case studi of the chang use of the web to develop differ type of relationship . specif , the aim are : ( 1 ) to identifi key chang in the way hotel are use the web ; ( 2 ) to look for evid of the adopt of a relationship market ( rm ) model as a strategi for the develop of hotel web site and the use of new technolog ; and , ( 3 ) to investig the use of multimedia in hotel web site . the develop and strateg exploit of the internet ha transform the basi of market . use the evid from a web content survey thi studi reveal the way relationship are be creat and manag within the hotel industri by it use of the web as a market tool . the author have collect evid by mean of a descript studi on the way hotel build and creat relationship with their web presenc deliv multimedia inform as well as channel and interact mean of commun . in addit a strateg framework is offer as the mean to describ the mechan and orient of web base market by hotel . the studi util a model by gilbert ( 1996 ) as a mean of develop a measur instrument to allow a content analysi of the current approach by hotel to the develop of web site . the result indic hotel are awar of the new use of web technolog and are promot hotel product in the global electron market in new and sophist way

Web based relationship marketing
hotel industry
World Wide Web marketing
hotel Web sites
multimedia
Web content survey
global electronic market


Improving the predicting power of partial order based QSARs through linear extensions

Abstract: Partial order theory (POT) is an attractive and operationally simple method that allows ordering of compounds, based on selected structural and/or electronic descriptors (modeled order), or based on their end points, e.g., solubility (experimental order). If the modeled order resembles the experimental order, compounds that are not experimentally investigated can be assigned a position in the model that eventually might lead to a prediction of an end-point value. However, in the application of POT in quantitative structure-activity relationship modeling, only the compounds directly comparable to the noninvestigated compounds are applied. To explore the possibilities of improving the methodology, the theory is extended by application of the so-called linear extensions of the model order. The study show that partial ordering combined with linear extensions appears as a promising tool providing probability distribution curves in the range of possible end-point values for compounds not being experimentally investigated

improv the predict power of partial order base qsar through linear extens
 partial order theori ( pot ) is an attract and oper simpl method that allow order of compound , base on select structur and/or electron descriptor ( model order ) , or base on their end point , e.g. , solubl ( experiment order ) . if the model order resembl the experiment order , compound that are not experiment investig can be assign a posit in the model that eventu might lead to a predict of an end-point valu . howev , in the applic of pot in quantit structure-act relationship model , onli the compound directli compar to the noninvestig compound are appli . to explor the possibl of improv the methodolog , the theori is extend by applic of the so-cal linear extens of the model order . the studi show that partial order combin with linear extens appear as a promis tool provid probabl distribut curv in the rang of possibl end-point valu for compound not be experiment investig


In search of a general enterprise model

Abstract: Many organisations, particularly SMEs, are reluctant to invest time and money in models to support decision making. Such reluctance could be overcome if a model could be used for several purposes rather than using a traditional "single perspective" model. This requires the development of a "general enterprise model" (GEM), which can be applied to a wide range of problem domains with unlimited scope. Current enterprise modelling frameworks only deal effectively with nondynamic modelling issues whilst dynamic modelling issues have traditionally only been addressed at the operational level. Although the majority of research in this area relates to manufacturing companies, the framework for a GEM must be equally applicable to service and public sector organisations. The paper identifies five key design issues that need to be considered when constructing a GEM. A framework for such a GEM is presented based on a "plug and play" methodology and demonstrated by a simple case study

in search of a gener enterpris model
 mani organis , particularli sme , are reluct to invest time and money in model to support decis make . such reluct could be overcom if a model could be use for sever purpos rather than use a tradit " singl perspect " model . thi requir the develop of a " gener enterpris model " ( gem ) , which can be appli to a wide rang of problem domain with unlimit scope . current enterpris model framework onli deal effect with nondynam model issu whilst dynam model issu have tradit onli been address at the oper level . although the major of research in thi area relat to manufactur compani , the framework for a gem must be equal applic to servic and public sector organis . the paper identifi five key design issu that need to be consid when construct a gem . a framework for such a gem is present base on a " plug and play " methodolog and demonstr by a simpl case studi

general enterprise model
SMEs
decision making
GEM
problem domains
enterprise modelling frameworks
dynamic modelling issues
operational level
public sector organisations
case study
business process re-engineering
single perspective model
service sector organisations
plug and play methodology


Library services today and tomorrow: lessons from iLumina, a digital library for creating and sharing teaching resources

Abstract: This article is based on the emerging experience associated with a digital library of instructional resources, iLumina, in which the contributors of resources and the users of those resources are the same-an open community of instructors in science, mathematics, engineering, and technology. Moreover, it is not the resources, most of which will be distributed across the Internet, but metadata about the resources that is the focus of the central iLumina repository and its support services for resource contributors and users. The distributed iLumina library is a community-sharing library for repurposing and adding value to potentially useful, mostly non-commercial instructional resources that are typically more granular in nature than commercially developed course materials. The experience of developing iLumina is raising a range of issues that have nothing to do with the place and time characteristics of the instructional context in which iLumina instructional resources are created or used. The issues instead have their locus in the democratization of both the professional roles of librarians and the quality assurance mechanisms associated with traditional peer review

librari servic today and tomorrow : lesson from ilumina , a digit librari for creat and share teach resourc
 thi articl is base on the emerg experi associ with a digit librari of instruct resourc , ilumina , in which the contributor of resourc and the user of those resourc are the same-an open commun of instructor in scienc , mathemat , engin , and technolog . moreov , it is not the resourc , most of which will be distribut across the internet , but metadata about the resourc that is the focu of the central ilumina repositori and it support servic for resourc contributor and user . the distribut ilumina librari is a community-shar librari for repurpos and ad valu to potenti use , mostli non-commerci instruct resourc that are typic more granular in natur than commerci develop cours materi . the experi of develop ilumina is rais a rang of issu that have noth to do with the place and time characterist of the instruct context in which ilumina instruct resourc are creat or use . the issu instead have their locu in the democrat of both the profession role of librarian and the qualiti assur mechan associ with tradit peer review

iLumina
digital library
Internet
metadata
community-sharing library
professional roles
librarians
quality assurance
peer review
teaching resource sharing
information resources
academic library
library automation
standards
interoperability
reusable software
distributed systems
user issues


Medicine in the 21 st century: global problems, global solutions

Abstract: The objectives are to discuss application areas of information, technology in medicine and health care on the occasion of the opening of the Private Universitat fur Medizinische Informatik and Technik Tirol/University for Health Informatics and Technology Tyrol (LIMIT) at Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria. Important application areas of information technology in medicine and health are appropriate individual access to medical knowledge, new engineering developments such as new radiant imaging methods and the implantable pacemaker/defibrillator devices, mathematical modeling for understanding the workings of the human body, the computer-based patient record, as well as new knowledge in molecular biology, human genetics, and biotechnology. Challenges and responsibilities for medical informatics research include medical data privacy and intellectual property rights inherent in the content of the information systems

medicin in the 21 st centuri : global problem , global solut
 the object are to discuss applic area of inform , technolog in medicin and health care on the occas of the open of the privat universitat fur medizinisch informatik and technik tirol / univers for health informat and technolog tyrol ( limit ) at innsbruck , tyrol , austria . import applic area of inform technolog in medicin and health are appropri individu access to medic knowledg , new engin develop such as new radiant imag method and the implant pacemak / defibril devic , mathemat model for understand the work of the human bodi , the computer-bas patient record , as well as new knowledg in molecular biolog , human genet , and biotechnolog . challeng and respons for medic informat research includ medic data privaci and intellectu properti right inher in the content of the inform system

medicine
health care
information technology
engineering developments
radiant imaging methods
mathematical modeling
human body
computer-based patient record
molecular biology
human genetics
biotechnology
medical informatics research
medical data privacy
intellectual property rights
information systems
individual medical knowledge access
implantable pacemaker devices
implantable defibrillator devices


Fuzzy modeling based on generalized conjunction operations

Abstract: An approach to fuzzy modeling based on the tuning of parametric conjunction operations is proposed. First, some methods for the construction of parametric generalized conjunction operations simpler than the known parametric classes of conjunctions are considered and discussed. Second, several examples of function approximation by fuzzy models, based on the tuning of the parameters of the new conjunction operations, are given and their approximation performances are compared with the approaches based on a tuning of membership functions and other approaches proposed in the literature. It is seen that the tuning of the conjunction operations can be used for obtaining fuzzy models with a sufficiently good performance when the tuning of membership functions is not possible or not desirable

fuzzi model base on gener conjunct oper
 an approach to fuzzi model base on the tune of parametr conjunct oper is propos . first , some method for the construct of parametr gener conjunct oper simpler than the known parametr class of conjunct are consid and discuss . second , sever exampl of function approxim by fuzzi model , base on the tune of the paramet of the new conjunct oper , are given and their approxim perform are compar with the approach base on a tune of membership function and other approach propos in the literatur . it is seen that the tune of the conjunct oper can be use for obtain fuzzi model with a suffici good perform when the tune of membership function is not possibl or not desir

fuzzy modeling
generalized conjunction operations
tuning
function approximation
approximation performances
membership functions
t-norm
fuzzy inference systems


Emotion and self-control

Abstract: A biology-based model of choice is used to examine time-inconsistent preferences and the problem of self-control. Emotion is shown to be the biological substrate of choice, in that emotional systems assign value to 'goods' in the environment and also facilitate the learning of expectations regarding alternative options for acquiring those goods. A third major function of the emotional choice systems is motivation. Self-control is shown to be the result of a problem with the inhibition of the motive force of emotion, where this inhibition is necessary for higher level deliberation

emot and self-control
 a biology-bas model of choic is use to examin time-inconsist prefer and the problem of self-control . emot is shown to be the biolog substrat of choic , in that emot system assign valu to ' good ' in the environ and also facilit the learn of expect regard altern option for acquir those good . a third major function of the emot choic system is motiv . self-control is shown to be the result of a problem with the inhibit of the motiv forc of emot , where thi inhibit is necessari for higher level deliber

emotion
self-control
time-inconsistent preferences
learning
emotional choice systems
inhibition
choice model


Restoration of broadband imagery steered with a liquid-crystal optical phased array

Abstract: In many imaging applications, it is highly desirable to replace mechanical beam-steering components (i.e., mirrors and gimbals) with a nonmechanical device. One such device is a nematic liquid crystal optical phased array (LCOPA). An LCOPA can implement a blazed phase grating to steer the incident light. However, when a phase grating is used in a broadband imaging system, two adverse effects can occur. First, dispersion will cause different incident wavelengths arriving at the same angle to be steered to different output angles, causing chromatic aberrations in the image plane. Second, the device will steer energy not only to the first diffraction order, but to others as well. This multiple-order effect results in multiple copies of the scene appearing in the image plane. We describe a digital image restoration technique designed to overcome these degradations. The proposed postprocessing technique is based on a Wiener deconvolution filter. The technique, however, is applicable only to scenes containing objects with approximately constant reflectivities over the spectral region of interest. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique

restor of broadband imageri steer with a liquid-cryst optic phase array
 in mani imag applic , it is highli desir to replac mechan beam-steer compon ( i.e. , mirror and gimbal ) with a nonmechan devic . one such devic is a nemat liquid crystal optic phase array ( lcopa ) . an lcopa can implement a blaze phase grate to steer the incid light . howev , when a phase grate is use in a broadband imag system , two advers effect can occur . first , dispers will caus differ incid wavelength arriv at the same angl to be steer to differ output angl , caus chromat aberr in the imag plane . second , the devic will steer energi not onli to the first diffract order , but to other as well . thi multiple-ord effect result in multipl copi of the scene appear in the imag plane . we describ a digit imag restor techniqu design to overcom these degrad . the propos postprocess techniqu is base on a wiener deconvolut filter . the techniqu , howev , is applic onli to scene contain object with approxim constant reflect over the spectral region of interest . experiment result are present to demonstr the effect of thi techniqu

liquid-crystal optical phased array steering

P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P R R U


Accurate modeling of lossy nonuniform transmission lines by using differential quadrature methods

Abstract: This paper discusses an efficient numerical approximation technique, called the differential quadrature method (DQM), which has been adapted to model lossy uniform and nonuniform transmission lines. The DQM can quickly compute the derivative of a function at any point within its bounded domain by estimating a weighted linear sum of values of the function at a small set of points belonging to the domain. Using the DQM, the frequency-domain Telegrapher's partial differential equations for transmission lines can be discretized into a set of easily solvable algebraic equations. DQM reduces interconnects into multiport models whose port voltages and currents are related by rational formulas in the frequency domain. Although the rationalization process in DQM is comparable with the Pade approximation of asymptotic waveform evaluation (AWE) applied to transmission lines, the derivation mechanisms in these two disparate methods are significantly different. Unlike AWE, which employs a complex moment-matching process to obtain rational approximation, the DQM requires no approximation of transcendental functions, thereby avoiding the process of moment generation and moment matching. Due to global sampling of points in the DQM approximation, it requires far fewer grid points in order to build accurate discrete models than other numerical methods do. The DQM-based time-domain model can be readily integrated in a circuit simulator like SPICE

accur model of lossi nonuniform transmiss line by use differenti quadratur method
 thi paper discuss an effici numer approxim techniqu , call the differenti quadratur method ( dqm ) , which ha been adapt to model lossi uniform and nonuniform transmiss line . the dqm can quickli comput the deriv of a function at ani point within it bound domain by estim a weight linear sum of valu of the function at a small set of point belong to the domain . use the dqm , the frequency-domain telegraph 's partial differenti equat for transmiss line can be discret into a set of easili solvabl algebra equat . dqm reduc interconnect into multiport model whose port voltag and current are relat by ration formula in the frequenc domain . although the ration process in dqm is compar with the pade approxim of asymptot waveform evalu ( awe ) appli to transmiss line , the deriv mechan in these two dispar method are significantli differ . unlik awe , which employ a complex moment-match process to obtain ration approxim , the dqm requir no approxim of transcendent function , therebi avoid the process of moment gener and moment match . due to global sampl of point in the dqm approxim , it requir far fewer grid point in order to build accur discret model than other numer method do . the dqm-base time-domain model can be readili integr in a circuit simul like spice

lossy nonuniform transmission lines
differential quadrature method
numerical approximation technique
partial differential equations
algebraic equations
interconnects
multiport models
rationalization process
time-domain model
frequency-domain Telegrapher PDE
multiconductor transmission lines


Fast frequency acquisition phase-frequency detectors for Gsamples/s phase-locked loops

Abstract: This paper describes two techniques for designing phase-frequency detectors (PFDs) with higher operating frequencies [periods of less than 8* the delay of a fan-out-4 inverter (FO-4)] and faster frequency acquisition. Prototypes designed in 0.25- mu m CMOS process exhibit operating frequencies of 1.25 GHz [=1/(8.FO-4)] and 1.5 GHz [=1/(6.7.FO-4)] for two techniques, respectively, whereas a conventional PFD operates at <1 GHz [=1/(10.FO-4)]. The two proposed PFDs achieve a capture range of 1.7* and 1.4* the conventional design, respectively

fast frequenc acquisit phase-frequ detector for gsampl / s phase-lock loop
 thi paper describ two techniqu for design phase-frequ detector ( pfd ) with higher oper frequenc [ period of less than 8 * the delay of a fan-out-4 invert ( fo-4 ) ] and faster frequenc acquisit . prototyp design in 0.25- mu m cmo process exhibit oper frequenc of 1.25 ghz [= 1/(8.fo-4 ) ] and 1.5 ghz [= 1/(6.7.fo-4 ) ] for two techniqu , respect , wherea a convent pfd oper at < 1 ghz [= 1/(10.fo-4 ) ] . the two propos pfd achiev a captur rang of 1.7 * and 1.4 * the convent design , respect

fast frequency acquisition
phase-frequency detectors
phase-locked loop
CMOS process
1.25 GHz
1.5 GHz
clock generator
latch-based PFD architecture
GSamples/s PLL
pass-transistor DFF PFD architecture
0.25 micron


Nonlinear systems arising from nonisothermal, non-Newtonian Hele-Shaw flows in the presence of body forces and sources

Abstract: In this paper, we first give a formal derivation of several systems of equations for injection moulding. This is done starting from the basic equations for nonisothermal, non-Newtonian flows in a three-dimensional domain. We derive systems for both (T/sup 0/, p/sup 0/) and (T/sup 1/, p/sup 1/) in the presence of body forces and sources. We find that body forces and sources have a nonlinear effect on the systems. We also derive a nonlinear "Darcy law". Our formulation includes not only the pressure gradient, but also body forces and sources, which play the role of a nonlinearity. Later, we prove the existence of weak solutions to certain boundary value problems and initial-boundary value problems associated with the resulting equations for (T/sup 0/, p/sup 0/) but in a more general mathematical setting

nonlinear system aris from nonisotherm , non-newtonian hele-shaw flow in the presenc of bodi forc and sourc
 in thi paper , we first give a formal deriv of sever system of equat for inject mould . thi is done start from the basic equat for nonisotherm , non-newtonian flow in a three-dimension domain . we deriv system for both ( t / sup 0/ , p / sup 0/ ) and ( t / sup 1/ , p / sup 1/ ) in the presenc of bodi forc and sourc . we find that bodi forc and sourc have a nonlinear effect on the system . we also deriv a nonlinear " darci law " . our formul includ not onli the pressur gradient , but also bodi forc and sourc , which play the role of a nonlinear . later , we prove the exist of weak solut to certain boundari valu problem and initial-boundari valu problem associ with the result equat for ( t / sup 0/ , p / sup 0/ ) but in a more gener mathemat set

nonlinear systems
Hele-Shaw flows
body forces
sources
injection moulding
Darcy law
boundary value problems


A comparison of computational color constancy algorithms. I: Methodology and experiments with synthesized data

Abstract: We introduce a context for testing computational color constancy, specify our approach to the implementation of a number of the leading algorithms, and report the results of three experiments using synthesized data. Experiments using synthesized data are important because the ground truth is known, possible confounds due to camera characterization and pre-processing are absent, and various factors affecting color constancy can be efficiently investigated because they can be manipulated individually and precisely. The algorithms chosen for close study include two gray world methods, a limiting case of a version of the Retinex method, a number of variants of Forsyth's (1990) gamut-mapping method, Cardei et al.'s (2000) neural net method, and Finlayson et al.'s color by correlation method (Finlayson et al. 1997, 2001; Hubel and Finlayson 2000) . We investigate the ability of these algorithms to make estimates of three different color constancy quantities: the chromaticity of the scene illuminant, the overall magnitude of that illuminant, and a corrected, illumination invariant, image. We consider algorithm performance as a function of the number of surfaces in scenes generated from reflectance spectra, the relative effect on the algorithms of added specularities, and the effect of subsequent clipping of the data. All data is available on-line at http://www.cs.sfu.ca/~color/data, and implementations for most of the algorithms are also available (http://www.cs.sfu.ca/~color/code)

a comparison of comput color constanc algorithm . i : methodolog and experi with synthes data
 we introduc a context for test comput color constanc , specifi our approach to the implement of a number of the lead algorithm , and report the result of three experi use synthes data . experi use synthes data are import becaus the ground truth is known , possibl confound due to camera character and pre-process are absent , and variou factor affect color constanc can be effici investig becaus they can be manipul individu and precis . the algorithm chosen for close studi includ two gray world method , a limit case of a version of the retinex method , a number of variant of forsyth 's ( 1990 ) gamut-map method , cardei et al . 's ( 2000 ) neural net method , and finlayson et al . 's color by correl method ( finlayson et al . 1997 , 2001 ; hubel and finlayson 2000 ) . we investig the abil of these algorithm to make estim of three differ color constanc quantiti : the chromat of the scene illumin , the overal magnitud of that illumin , and a correct , illumin invari , imag . we consid algorithm perform as a function of the number of surfac in scene gener from reflect spectra , the rel effect on the algorithm of ad specular , and the effect of subsequ clip of the data . all data is avail on-lin at http://www.cs.sfu.ca/~color/data , and implement for most of the algorithm are also avail ( http://www.cs.sfu.ca/~color/cod )


Location of transport nets on a heterogeneous territory

Abstract: The location of transport routes on a heterogeneous territory is studied. The network joins a given set of terminal points and a certain number of additional (branch) points. The problem is formulated, properties of the optimal solution for a. tree-like network, and the number of branch points are studied. A stepwise optimization algorithm for a. network with given adjacency matrix based on an algorithm for constructing minimal-cost routes is designed

locat of transport net on a heterogen territori
 the locat of transport rout on a heterogen territori is studi . the network join a given set of termin point and a certain number of addit ( branch ) point . the problem is formul , properti of the optim solut for a. tree-lik network , and the number of branch point are studi . a stepwis optim algorithm for a. network with given adjac matrix base on an algorithm for construct minimal-cost rout is design

transport nets
heterogeneous territory
transport routes
terminal points
tree-like network
branch points
stepwise optimization algorithm
adjacency matrix


Accessible streaming content

Abstract: Make sure your Web site is offering quality service to all your users. The article provides some tips and tactics for making your streaming media accessible. Accessibility of streaming content for people with disabilities is often not part of the spec for multimedia projects, but it certainly affects your quality of service. Most of the resources available on Web accessibility deal with HTML. Fortunately, rich media and streaming content developers have a growing number of experts to turn to for information and assistance. The essentials of providing accessible streaming content are simple: blind and visually impaired people need audio to discern important visual detail and interface elements, while deaf and hard-of-hearing people need text to access sound effects and dialog. Actually implementing these principles is quite a challenge, though. Now due to a relatively new law in the US, known as Section 508, dealing with accessibility issues is becoming an essential part of publishing on the Web

access stream content
 make sure your web site is offer qualiti servic to all your user . the articl provid some tip and tactic for make your stream media access . access of stream content for peopl with disabl is often not part of the spec for multimedia project , but it certainli affect your qualiti of servic . most of the resourc avail on web access deal with html . fortun , rich media and stream content develop have a grow number of expert to turn to for inform and assist . the essenti of provid access stream content are simpl : blind and visual impair peopl need audio to discern import visual detail and interfac element , while deaf and hard-of-hear peopl need text to access sound effect and dialog . actual implement these principl is quit a challeng , though . now due to a rel new law in the us , known as section 508 , deal with access issu is becom an essenti part of publish on the web

accessible streaming content
Web site
quality service
streaming media
multimedia projects
Web accessibility
HTML
streaming content developers
visually impaired people
visual detail
interface elements
hard-of-hearing people
sound effects
Section 508
accessibility issues
content providers
United States
disabled users
blind people
deaf people
Web publishing

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Extinction cross sections of realistic raindrops: data-bank established using T-matrix method and nonlinear fitting technique

Abstract: A new computer program is developed based on the T-matrix method to generate a large number of total (extinction) cross sections (TCS) values of the realistic raindrops that are deformed due to a balance of the forces that act on a drop failing under gravity, and were described in shape by Pruppacher and Pitter (1971). These data for various dimensions of the raindrops (mean effective radius from 0 to 3.25 mm), frequencies (10 to 80 GHz), (horizontal and vertical) polarizations, and temperatures (0, 10 and 20 degrees C) are stored to establish a data bank. Furthermore, a curve fitting technique, i.e., interpolation of order 3, is implemented for the TCS values in the data bank. Therefore, the interpolated TCS results can be obtained readily from the interpolation process with negligible or even null computational time and efforts. Error analysis is carried out to show the high accuracy of the present analysis and applicability of the interpolation. At three operating frequencies of 15, 21.225, and 38 GHz locally used in Singapore, some new TCS values are obtained from the new fast and efficient interpolation with a good accuracy

extinct cross section of realist raindrop : data-bank establish use t-matrix method and nonlinear fit techniqu
 a new comput program is develop base on the t-matrix method to gener a larg number of total ( extinct ) cross section ( tc ) valu of the realist raindrop that are deform due to a balanc of the forc that act on a drop fail under graviti , and were describ in shape by pruppach and pitter ( 1971 ) . these data for variou dimens of the raindrop ( mean effect radiu from 0 to 3.25 mm ) , frequenc ( 10 to 80 ghz ) , ( horizont and vertic ) polar , and temperatur ( 0 , 10 and 20 degre c ) are store to establish a data bank . furthermor , a curv fit techniqu , i.e. , interpol of order 3 , is implement for the tc valu in the data bank . therefor , the interpol tc result can be obtain readili from the interpol process with neglig or even null comput time and effort . error analysi is carri out to show the high accuraci of the present analysi and applic of the interpol . at three oper frequenc of 15 , 21.225 , and 38 ghz local use in singapor , some new tc valu are obtain from the new fast and effici interpol with a good accuraci

extinction cross sections
realistic raindrops
data-bank
T-matrix method
computer program
gravity
mean effective radius
0 to 3.25 mm
10 to 80 GHz
temperature
interpolation
error analysis
operating frequencies
38 GHz
Singapore
total cross sections
horizontal polarization
vertical polarization
nonlinear curve fitting technique
SHF
EHF
electromagnetic wave scattering
EM wave scattering
15 GHz
21.225 GHz
0 C
10 C
20 C

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Phase control of higher-order squeezing of a quantum field

Abstract: In a recent experiment [Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 (2002) 023601], phase-dependent photon statistics in a c.w. system has been observed in the mixing of a coherent field with a two-photon source. Their system has the advantage over other atomic transition-based fluorescent systems. In this paper, we examine further the squeezing properties of higher-order quantum fluctuations in one of the quadrature components of the combined field in this system. We demonstrate that efficient and lasting higher-order squeezing effects could be observed with proper choice of the relative phase between the pump and coherent fields. This nonclassical feature is attributed to a constructive two-photon interference. Relationship between the second- and higher-order squeezing of the field is discussed

phase control of higher-ord squeez of a quantum field
 in a recent experi [ phi . rev. lett . 88 ( 2002 ) 023601 ] , phase-depend photon statist in a c.w . system ha been observ in the mix of a coher field with a two-photon sourc . their system ha the advantag over other atom transition-bas fluoresc system . in thi paper , we examin further the squeez properti of higher-ord quantum fluctuat in one of the quadratur compon of the combin field in thi system . we demonstr that effici and last higher-ord squeez effect could be observ with proper choic of the rel phase between the pump and coher field . thi nonclass featur is attribut to a construct two-photon interfer . relationship between the second- and higher-ord squeez of the field is discuss


Application of multiprocessor systems for computation of jets

Abstract: The article describes the implementation of methods for numerical solution of gas-dynamic problems on a wide class of multiprocessor systems, conventionally characterized as "cluster" systems. A standard data-transfer interface - the so-called message passing interface - is used for parallelization of application algorithms among processors. Simulation of jets escaping into a low-pressure region is chosen as a computational example

applic of multiprocessor system for comput of jet
 the articl describ the implement of method for numer solut of gas-dynam problem on a wide class of multiprocessor system , convent character as " cluster " system . a standard data-transf interfac - the so-cal messag pass interfac - is use for parallel of applic algorithm among processor . simul of jet escap into a low-pressur region is chosen as a comput exampl

multiprocessor systems
computation of jets
gas-dynamic problems
data-transfer interface
message passing interface
low-pressure region
cluster systems


New paradigms for interactive 3D volume segmentation

Abstract: We present a new virtual reality-based interaction metaphor for semi-automatic segmentation of medical 3D volume data. The mouse-based, manual initialization of deformable surfaces in 3D represents a major bottleneck in interactive segmentation. In our multi-modal system we enhance this process with additional sensory feedback. A 3D haptic device is used to extract the centreline of a tubular structure. Based on the obtained path a cylinder with varying diameter is generated, which in turn is used as the initial guess for a deformable surface

new paradigm for interact 3d volum segment
 we present a new virtual reality-bas interact metaphor for semi-automat segment of medic 3d volum data . the mouse-bas , manual initi of deform surfac in 3d repres a major bottleneck in interact segment . in our multi-mod system we enhanc thi process with addit sensori feedback . a 3d haptic devic is use to extract the centrelin of a tubular structur . base on the obtain path a cylind with vari diamet is gener , which in turn is use as the initi guess for a deform surfac

interactive 3D volume segmentation
interaction metaphor
deformable surfaces
deformable surfaces
interactive segmentation
multi-modal system
sensory feedback
3D haptic device
tubular structure
virtual reality
medical image segmentation
mouse
varying diameter cylinder
deformable surface
haptic interaction


An inverse problem for a model of a hierarchical structure

Abstract: We consider the inverse problem for the identification of the coefficient in a parabolic equation. The model is applied to describe the functioning of a hierarchical structure; it is also relevant for heat-conduction theory. Unique solvability of the inverse problem is proved

an invers problem for a model of a hierarch structur
 we consid the invers problem for the identif of the coeffici in a parabol equat . the model is appli to describ the function of a hierarch structur ; it is also relev for heat-conduct theori . uniqu solvabl of the invers problem is prove

inverse problem
hierarchical structure
parabolic equation
heat-conduction theory
unique solvability


Three-dimensional optimum design of the cooling lines of injection moulds based on boundary element design sensitivity analysis

Abstract: A three-dimensional numerical simulation using the boundary element method is proposed, which can predict the cavity temperature distributions in the cooling stage of injection moulding. Then, choosing the radii and positions of cooling lines as design variables, the boundary integral sensitivity formulations are deduced. For the optimum design of cooling lines, the squared difference between the objective temperature and temperature of the cavity is taken as the objective function. Based on the optimization techniques with design sensitivity analysis, an iterative algorithm to reach the minimum value of the objective function is introduced, which leads to the optimum design of cooling lines at the same time

three-dimension optimum design of the cool line of inject mould base on boundari element design sensit analysi
 a three-dimension numer simul use the boundari element method is propos , which can predict the caviti temperatur distribut in the cool stage of inject mould . then , choos the radii and posit of cool line as design variabl , the boundari integr sensit formul are deduc . for the optimum design of cool line , the squar differ between the object temperatur and temperatur of the caviti is taken as the object function . base on the optim techniqu with design sensit analysi , an iter algorithm to reach the minimum valu of the object function is introduc , which lead to the optimum design of cool line at the same time

optimization
injection moulding
boundary element method
cavity temperature distributions
cooling stage
objective function
iterative algorithm
3D numerical simulation
boundary integral sensitivity analysis
heat conduction


Putting pen to screen on Tablet PCs

Abstract: With the release of the first Tablet PCs produced to Microsoft Corp.'s general specifications, handheld computers may be about to leap into the ring with today's laptops. They will be about the size of the smaller laptops, will be at least as powerful, and maybe their biggest selling point-will be able to handle handwritten text. The Tablet PCs will be amply configured, general-purpose machines with more than enough power to run the full-blown Windows XP operating system. In particular, they will allow handwritten text to be entered onto a digitizing tablet and recognized, a functionality that's called pen-based computing. The Tablet PC will far outpace the computing power of existing small devices such as PDAs (personal digital assistants), including those variants based on Microsoft's own Pocket PC operating system

put pen to screen on tablet pc
 with the releas of the first tablet pc produc to microsoft corp. 's gener specif , handheld comput may be about to leap into the ring with today 's laptop . they will be about the size of the smaller laptop , will be at least as power , and mayb their biggest sell point-wil be abl to handl handwritten text . the tablet pc will be ampli configur , general-purpos machin with more than enough power to run the full-blown window xp oper system . in particular , they will allow handwritten text to be enter onto a digit tablet and recogn , a function that 's call pen-bas comput . the tablet pc will far outpac the comput power of exist small devic such as pda ( person digit assist ) , includ those variant base on microsoft 's own pocket pc oper system

Tablet PC
Microsoft
handheld computers
handwritten text
Windows XP operating system
digitizing tablet
pen-based computing


Simulation of evacuation processes using a bionics-inspired cellular automaton model for pedestrian dynamics

Abstract: We present simulations of evacuation processes using a recently introduced cellular automaton model for pedestrian dynamics. This model applies a bionics approach to describe the interaction between the pedestrians using ideas from chemotaxis. Here we study a rather simple situation, namely the evacuation from a large room with one or two doors. It is shown that the variation of the model parameters allows to describe different types of behaviour, from regular to panic. We find a non-monotonic dependence of the evacuation times on the coupling constants. These times depend on the strength of the herding behaviour, with minimal evacuation times for some intermediate values of the couplings, i.e., a proper combination of herding and use of knowledge about the shortest way to the exit

simul of evacu process use a bionics-inspir cellular automaton model for pedestrian dynam
 we present simul of evacu process use a recent introduc cellular automaton model for pedestrian dynam . thi model appli a bionic approach to describ the interact between the pedestrian use idea from chemotaxi . here we studi a rather simpl situat , name the evacu from a larg room with one or two door . it is shown that the variat of the model paramet allow to describ differ type of behaviour , from regular to panic . we find a non-monoton depend of the evacu time on the coupl constant . these time depend on the strength of the herd behaviour , with minim evacu time for some intermedi valu of the coupl , i.e. , a proper combin of herd and use of knowledg about the shortest way to the exit


The set of stable polynomials of linear discrete systems: its geometry

Abstract: The multidimensional stability domain of linear discrete systems is studied. Its configuration is determined from the parameters of its intersection with coordinate axes, coordinate planes, and certain auxiliary planes. Counterexamples for the discrete variant of the Kharitonov theorem are given

the set of stabl polynomi of linear discret system : it geometri
 the multidimension stabil domain of linear discret system is studi . it configur is determin from the paramet of it intersect with coordin axe , coordin plane , and certain auxiliari plane . counterexampl for the discret variant of the kharitonov theorem are given

stable polynomials
linear discrete systems
geometry
multidimensional stability domain
Kharitonov theorem
characteristic polynomial


Theoretical and experimental investigations on coherence of traffic noise transmission through an open window into a rectangular room in high-rise buildings

Abstract: A method for theoretically calculating the coherence between sound pressure inside a rectangular room in a high-rise building and that outside the open window of the room is proposed. The traffic noise transmitted into a room is generally dominated by low-frequency components, to which active noise control (ANC) technology may find an application. However, good coherence between reference and error signals is essential for an effective noise reduction and should be checked first. Based on traffic noise prediction methods, wave theory, and mode coupling theory, the results of this paper enabled one to determine the potentials and limitations of ANC used to reduce such a transmission. Experimental coherence results are shown for two similar, empty rectangular rooms located on the 17th and 30th floors of a 34 floor high-rise building. The calculated results with the proposed method are generally in good agreement with the experimental results and demonstrate the usefulness of the method for predicting the coherence

theoret and experiment investig on coher of traffic nois transmiss through an open window into a rectangular room in high-ris build
 a method for theoret calcul the coher between sound pressur insid a rectangular room in a high-ris build and that outsid the open window of the room is propos . the traffic nois transmit into a room is gener domin by low-frequ compon , to which activ nois control ( anc ) technolog may find an applic . howev , good coher between refer and error signal is essenti for an effect nois reduct and should be check first . base on traffic nois predict method , wave theori , and mode coupl theori , the result of thi paper enabl one to determin the potenti and limit of anc use to reduc such a transmiss . experiment coher result are shown for two similar , empti rectangular room locat on the 17th and 30th floor of a 34 floor high-ris build . the calcul result with the propos method are gener in good agreement with the experiment result and demonstr the use of the method for predict the coher

traffic noise transmission
open window
rectangular room
high-rise buildings
sound pressure
low-frequency components
traffic noise prediction methods
wave theory
mode coupling theory
active noise control technology


On the Beth properties of some intuitionistic modal logics

Abstract: Let L be one of the intuitionistic modal logics. As in the classical modal case, we define two different forms of the Beth property for L, which are denoted by B1 and B2; in this paper we study the relation among B1, B2 and the interpolation properties C1 and C2. It turns out that C1 implies B1, but contrary to the boolean case, is not equivalent to B1. It is shown that B2 and C2 are independent, and moreover it comes out that, in contrast to classical case, there exists an extension of the intuitionistic modal logic of S/sub 4/-type, that has not the property B2. Finally we give two algebraic properties, that characterize respectively B1 and B2

on the beth properti of some intuitionist modal logic
 let l be one of the intuitionist modal logic . as in the classic modal case , we defin two differ form of the beth properti for l , which are denot by b1 and b2 ; in thi paper we studi the relat among b1 , b2 and the interpol properti c1 and c2 . it turn out that c1 impli b1 , but contrari to the boolean case , is not equival to b1 . it is shown that b2 and c2 are independ , and moreov it come out that , in contrast to classic case , there exist an extens of the intuitionist modal logic of s / sub 4/-type , that ha not the properti b2 . final we give two algebra properti , that character respect b1 and b2

Beth properties
intuitionistic modal logics
interpolation properties


Innovative manufacture of impulse turbine blades for wave energy power conversion

Abstract: An innovative approach to the manufacture of impulse turbine blades using rapid prototyping, fused decomposition modelling (FDM), is presented. These blades were designed and manufactured by the Wave Energy Research Team (WERT) at the University of Limerick for the experimental analysis of a 0.6 m impulse turbine with fixed guide vanes for wave energy power conversion. The computer aided design/manufacture (CAD/CAM) package Pro-Engineer 2000i was used for three-dimensional solid modelling of the individual blades. A detailed finite element analysis of the blades under centrifugal loads was performed using Pro-Mechanica. based on this analysis and FDM machine capabilities, blades were redesigned. Finally, Pro-E data were transferred to an FDM machine for the manufacture of turbine blades. The objective of this paper is to present the innovative method used to design, modify and manufacture blades in a time and cost effective manner using a concurrent engineering approach

innov manufactur of impuls turbin blade for wave energi power convers
 an innov approach to the manufactur of impuls turbin blade use rapid prototyp , fuse decomposit model ( fdm ) , is present . these blade were design and manufactur by the wave energi research team ( wert ) at the univers of limerick for the experiment analysi of a 0.6 m impuls turbin with fix guid vane for wave energi power convers . the comput aid design / manufactur ( cad / cam ) packag pro-engin 2000i wa use for three-dimension solid model of the individu blade . a detail finit element analysi of the blade under centrifug load wa perform use pro-mechanica . base on thi analysi and fdm machin capabl , blade were redesign . final , pro-e data were transfer to an fdm machin for the manufactur of turbin blade . the object of thi paper is to present the innov method use to design , modifi and manufactur blade in a time and cost effect manner use a concurr engin approach

manufacturing
impulse turbine blades
wave energy power conversion
rapid prototyping
fused decomposition modelling
University of Limerick
CAD/CAM
solid modelling
finite element analysis
concurrent engineering


Capturing niche markets with copper

Abstract: For "last-mile access" in niche applications, twisted copper pair may be the cable of best option to gain access and deliver desired services. The article discusses how operators can use network edge devices to serve new customers. Niche market segments represent a significant opportunity for cable TV delivery of television and high-speed Internet signals. But the existing telecommunications infrastructure in those developments frequently presents unique challenges for the service provider to overcome

captur nich market with copper
 for " last-mil access " in nich applic , twist copper pair may be the cabl of best option to gain access and deliv desir servic . the articl discuss how oper can use network edg devic to serv new custom . nich market segment repres a signific opportun for cabl tv deliveri of televis and high-spe internet signal . but the exist telecommun infrastructur in those develop frequent present uniqu challeng for the servic provid to overcom

niche markets
last-mile access
twisted copper pair
network edge devices
copper cables


A better ballot box?

Abstract: Election officials are examining technologies to address a wide range of voting issues. The problems observed in the November 2000 US election accelerated existing trends to get rid of lever machines, punch-cards, and hand-counted paper ballots and replace them with mark-sense balloting, Internet, and automatic teller machine (ATM) kiosk style computer-based systems. An estimated US $2-$4 billion will be spent in the United States and Canada to update voting systems during the next decade. Voting online might enable citizens to vote even if they are unable to get to the polls. Yet making these methods work right turns out to be considerably more difficult than originally thought. New electronic voting systems pose risks as well as solutions. As it turns out, many of the voting products currently for sale provide less accountability, poorer reliability, and greater opportunity for widespread fraud than those already in use. This paper discusses the technology available and how to ensure accurate ballots

a better ballot box ?
 elect offici are examin technolog to address a wide rang of vote issu . the problem observ in the novemb 2000 us elect acceler exist trend to get rid of lever machin , punch-card , and hand-count paper ballot and replac them with mark-sens ballot , internet , and automat teller machin ( atm ) kiosk style computer-bas system . an estim us $ 2-$4 billion will be spent in the unit state and canada to updat vote system dure the next decad . vote onlin might enabl citizen to vote even if they are unabl to get to the poll . yet make these method work right turn out to be consider more difficult than origin thought . new electron vote system pose risk as well as solut . as it turn out , mani of the vote product current for sale provid less account , poorer reliabl , and greater opportun for widespread fraud than those alreadi in use . thi paper discuss the technolog avail and how to ensur accur ballot

automatic teller machine computer-based voting system

ATM kiosk style computer-based voting systems