Optimize/sup IT/ robot condition monitoring tool

Abstract: As robots have gained more and more 'humanlike' capability, users have looked increasingly to their builders for ways to measure the critical variables-the robotic equivalent of a physical check-up-in order to monitor their condition and schedule maintenance more effectively. This is all the more essential considering the tremendous pressure there is to improve productivity in today's global markets. Developed for ABB robots with an S4-family controller and based on the company's broad process know-how, Optimize/sup IT/ robot condition monitoring offers maintenance routines with embedded checklists that give a clear indication of a robot's operating condition. It performs semi-automatic measurements that support engineers during trouble-shooting and enable action to be taken to prevent unplanned stops. By comparing these measurements with reference data, negative trends can be detected early and potential breakdowns predicted. Armed with all these features, Optimize/sup IT/ robot condition monitoring provides the ideal basis for reliability-centered maintenance (RCM) for robots

optim / sup it/ robot condit monitor tool
 as robot have gain more and more ' humanlik ' capabl , user have look increasingli to their builder for way to measur the critic variables-th robot equival of a physic check-up-in order to monitor their condit and schedul mainten more effect . thi is all the more essenti consid the tremend pressur there is to improv product in today 's global market . develop for abb robot with an s4-famili control and base on the compani 's broad process know-how , optim / sup it/ robot condit monitor offer mainten routin with embed checklist that give a clear indic of a robot 's oper condit . it perform semi-automat measur that support engin dure trouble-shoot and enabl action to be taken to prevent unplan stop . by compar these measur with refer data , neg trend can be detect earli and potenti breakdown predict . arm with all these featur , optim / sup it/ robot condit monitor provid the ideal basi for reliability-cent mainten ( rcm ) for robot


Extended depth-of-focus imaging of chlorophyll fluorescence from intact leaves

Abstract: Imaging dynamic changes in chlorophyll a fluorescence provides a valuable means with which to examine localised changes in photosynthetic function. Microscope-based systems provide excellent spatial resolution which allows the response of individual cells to be measured. However, such systems have a restricted depth of focus and, as leaves are inherently uneven, only a small proportion of each image at any given focal plane is in focus. In this report we describe the development of algorithms, specifically adapted for imaging chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic function in living plant cells, which allow extended-focus images to be reconstructed from images taken in different focal planes. We describe how these procedures can be used to reconstruct images of chlorophyll fluorescence and calculated photosynthetic parameters, as well as producing a map of leaf topology. The robustness of this procedure is demonstrated using leaves from a number of different plant species

extend depth-of-focu imag of chlorophyl fluoresc from intact leav
 imag dynam chang in chlorophyl a fluoresc provid a valuabl mean with which to examin localis chang in photosynthet function . microscope-bas system provid excel spatial resolut which allow the respons of individu cell to be measur . howev , such system have a restrict depth of focu and , as leav are inher uneven , onli a small proport of each imag at ani given focal plane is in focu . in thi report we describ the develop of algorithm , specif adapt for imag chlorophyl fluoresc and photosynthet function in live plant cell , which allow extended-focu imag to be reconstruct from imag taken in differ focal plane . we describ how these procedur can be use to reconstruct imag of chlorophyl fluoresc and calcul photosynthet paramet , as well as produc a map of leaf topolog . the robust of thi procedur is demonstr use leav from a number of differ plant speci

extended depth-of-focus imaging
chlorophyll fluorescence
intact leaves
microscope-based systems
spatial resolution
calculated photosynthetic parameters
plant species
leaf topology map
individual cells response
charge-coupled device
maximum fluorescence yield
minimum fluorescence yield
variable fluorescence
numerical aperture
primary quinone acceptor
algorithms development
extended-focus images reconstruction
biophysical research technique


Student consulting projects benefit faculty and industry

Abstract: Student consulting projects require students to apply OR/MS tools to obtain insight into the activities of firms in the community. These projects benefit faculty by providing clear feedback on the real capabilities of students, a broad connection to local industry, and material for case studies and research. They benefit companies by stimulating new thinking regarding their activities and delivering results they can use. Projects provide insights into the end-user modeling mode of OR/MS practice. Projects support continuous improvement as the lessons gained from a crop of projects enable better teaching during the next course offering, which in turn leads to better projects and further insights into teaching

student consult project benefit faculti and industri
 student consult project requir student to appli or / ms tool to obtain insight into the activ of firm in the commun . these project benefit faculti by provid clear feedback on the real capabl of student , a broad connect to local industri , and materi for case studi and research . they benefit compani by stimul new think regard their activ and deliv result they can use . project provid insight into the end-us model mode of or / ms practic . project support continu improv as the lesson gain from a crop of project enabl better teach dure the next cours offer , which in turn lead to better project and further insight into teach

student consulting projects
OR/MS tools
student placements
student capability feedback
case study material


Academic libraries and community: making the connection

Abstract: I explore the theme of academic libraries serving and reaching out to the broader community. I highlight interesting projects reported on in the literature (such as the Through Our Parents' Eyes project) and report on others. I look at challenges to community partnerships and recommendations for making them succeed. Although I focus on links with the broader community, I also took at methods for increasing cooperation among various units on campus, so that the needs of campus community groups-such as distance education students or disabled students-are effectively addressed. Though academic libraries are my focus, we can learn a lot from the community building efforts of public libraries

academ librari and commun : make the connect
 i explor the theme of academ librari serv and reach out to the broader commun . i highlight interest project report on in the literatur ( such as the through our parent ' eye project ) and report on other . i look at challeng to commun partnership and recommend for make them succeed . although i focu on link with the broader commun , i also took at method for increas cooper among variou unit on campu , so that the need of campu commun groups-such as distanc educ student or disabl students-ar effect address . though academ librari are my focu , we can learn a lot from the commun build effort of public librari

academic libraries
community partnerships
distance education students
public libraries
campus community groups
disabled students


Pane relief. Robotic solutions for car windshield assembly

Abstract: Just looking through a car's windshield doesn't give us much reason to wonder about how it's made. The idea that special manufacturing expertise might be required can hardly occur to anyone, but that's exactly what is needed to ensure crystal-clear visibility, not to mention a perfect fit every time one is pressed into place on a car production line. Comprising two thin glass sheets joined by a vinyl interlayer, windshields are assembled-usually manually-to very precise product and environmental specifications. To make sure this is done as perfectly as possible, the industry invests heavily in the equipment used for their fabrication. ABB has now developed a robot-based Compact Assembling System for the automatic assembly of laminated windshields that speeds up production and increases cost efficiency

pane relief . robot solut for car windshield assembl
 just look through a car 's windshield doe n't give us much reason to wonder about how it 's made . the idea that special manufactur expertis might be requir can hardli occur to anyon , but that 's exactli what is need to ensur crystal-clear visibl , not to mention a perfect fit everi time one is press into place on a car product line . compris two thin glass sheet join by a vinyl interlay , windshield are assembled-usu manually-to veri precis product and environment specif . to make sure thi is done as perfectli as possibl , the industri invest heavili in the equip use for their fabric . abb ha now develop a robot-bas compact assembl system for the automat assembl of lamin windshield that speed up product and increas cost effici

laminated windshields assembly automation


Ideal sliding mode in the problems of convex optimization

Abstract: The characteristics of the sliding mode that appears with using continuous convex-programming algorithms based on the exact penalty functions were discussed. For the case under study, the ideal sliding mode was shown to occur in the absence of infinite number of switchings

ideal slide mode in the problem of convex optim
 the characterist of the slide mode that appear with use continu convex-program algorithm base on the exact penalti function were discuss . for the case under studi , the ideal slide mode wa shown to occur in the absenc of infinit number of switch


Nuts and bolts: implementing descriptive standards to enable virtual collections

Abstract: To date, online archival information systems have relied heavily on legacy finding aids for data to encode and provide to end users, despite fairly strong indications in the archival literature that such legacy data is problematic even as a mediated access tool. Archivists have only just begun to study the utility of archival descriptive data for end users in unmediated settings such as via the Web. The ability of future archival information systems to respond to the expectations and needs of end users is inextricably linked to archivists getting their collective data house in order. The General International Standard Archival Description (ISAD(G)) offers the profession a place from which to start extricating ourselves from the idiosyncracies of our legacy data and description practices

nut and bolt : implement descript standard to enabl virtual collect
 to date , onlin archiv inform system have reli heavili on legaci find aid for data to encod and provid to end user , despit fairli strong indic in the archiv literatur that such legaci data is problemat even as a mediat access tool . archivist have onli just begun to studi the util of archiv descript data for end user in unmedi set such as via the web . the abil of futur archiv inform system to respond to the expect and need of end user is inextric link to archivist get their collect data hous in order . the gener intern standard archiv descript ( isad(g ) ) offer the profess a place from which to start extric ourselv from the idiosyncraci of our legaci data and descript practic


The Bagsik Oscillator without complex numbers

Abstract: We argue that the analysis of the so-called Bagsik Oscillator, recently published by Piotrowski and Sladkowski (2001), is erroneous due to: (1) the incorrect banking data used and (2) the application of statistical mechanism apparatus to processes that are totally deterministic

the bagsik oscil without complex number
 we argu that the analysi of the so-cal bagsik oscil , recent publish by piotrowski and sladkowski ( 2001 ) , is erron due to : ( 1 ) the incorrect bank data use and ( 2 ) the applic of statist mechan apparatu to process that are total determinist

Bagsik oscillator
incorrect banking data
statistical mechanism apparatus
noncomplex numbers
game theory
deterministic processes


ConChat: a context-aware chat program

Abstract: ConChat is a context-aware chat program that enriches electronic communication by providing contextual information and resolving potential semantic conflicts between users.ConChat uses contextual information to improve electronic communication. Using contextual cues, users can infer during a conversation what the other person is doing and what is happening in his or her immediate surroundings. For example, if a user learns that the other person is talking with somebody else or is involved in some urgent activity, he or she knows to expect a slower response. Conversely, if the user learns that the other person is sitting in a meeting directly related to the conversation, he or she then knows to respond more quickly. Also, by informing users about the other person's context and tagging potentially ambiguous chat messages, ConChat explores how context can improve electronic communication by reducing semantic conflicts

conchat : a context-awar chat program
 conchat is a context-awar chat program that enrich electron commun by provid contextu inform and resolv potenti semant conflict between user . conchat use contextu inform to improv electron commun . use contextu cue , user can infer dure a convers what the other person is do and what is happen in hi or her immedi surround . for exampl , if a user learn that the other person is talk with somebodi els or is involv in some urgent activ , he or she know to expect a slower respons . convers , if the user learn that the other person is sit in a meet directli relat to the convers , he or she then know to respond more quickli . also , by inform user about the other person 's context and tag potenti ambigu chat messag , conchat explor how context can improv electron commun by reduc semant conflict

ConChat
context-aware chat program
contextual information
semantic conflicts
contextual cues


The archival imagination of David Bearman, revisited

Abstract: Many archivists regard the archival imagination evidenced in the writings of David Bearman as avant-garde. Archivist L. Henry (1998) has sharply criticized Bearman for being irreverent toward the archival theory and practice outlined by classical American archivist T. R. Schellenberg. Although Bearman is sometimes credited (and sometimes berated) for establishing "a new paradigm" centered on the archival management of electronic records, his methods and strategies are intended to encompass all forms of record keeping. The article provides general observations on Bearman's archival imagination, lists some of its components, and addresses elements of Henry's critique. Although the long lasting impact of Bearman's imagination upon the archival profession might be questioned, it nonetheless deserves continued consideration by archivists and inclusion as a component of graduate archival education

the archiv imagin of david bearman , revisit
 mani archivist regard the archiv imagin evidenc in the write of david bearman as avant-gard . archivist l. henri ( 1998 ) ha sharpli critic bearman for be irrever toward the archiv theori and practic outlin by classic american archivist t. r. schellenberg . although bearman is sometim credit ( and sometim berat ) for establish " a new paradigm " center on the archiv manag of electron record , hi method and strategi are intend to encompass all form of record keep . the articl provid gener observ on bearman 's archiv imagin , list some of it compon , and address element of henri 's critiqu . although the long last impact of bearman 's imagin upon the archiv profess might be question , it nonetheless deserv continu consider by archivist and inclus as a compon of graduat archiv educ

archival imagination
David Bearman
archival theory
classical American archivist
Schellenberg
archival management
electronic records
record keeping
archival profession
graduate archival education


Computational capacity of an odorant discriminator: the linear separability of curves

Abstract: We introduce and study an artificial neural network inspired by the probabilistic receptor affinity distribution model of olfaction. Our system consists of N sensory neurons whose outputs converge on a single processing linear threshold element. The system's aim is to model discrimination of a single target odorant from a large number p of background odorants within a range of odorant concentrations. We show that this is possible provided p does not exceed a critical value p/sub c/ and calculate the critical capacity alpha c=p/sub c//N. The critical capacity depends on the range of concentrations in which the discrimination is to be accomplished. If the olfactory bulb may be thought of as a collection of such processing elements, each responsible for the discrimination of a single odorant, our study provides a quantitative analysis of the potential computational properties of the olfactory bulb. The mathematical formulation of the problem we consider is one of determining the capacity for linear separability of continuous curves, embedded in a large-dimensional space. This is accomplished here by a numerical study, using a method that signals whether the discrimination task is realizable, together with a finite-size scaling analysis

comput capac of an odor discrimin : the linear separ of curv
 we introduc and studi an artifici neural network inspir by the probabilist receptor affin distribut model of olfact . our system consist of n sensori neuron whose output converg on a singl process linear threshold element . the system 's aim is to model discrimin of a singl target odor from a larg number p of background odor within a rang of odor concentr . we show that thi is possibl provid p doe not exceed a critic valu p / sub c/ and calcul the critic capac alpha c = p / sub c//n. the critic capac depend on the rang of concentr in which the discrimin is to be accomplish . if the olfactori bulb may be thought of as a collect of such process element , each respons for the discrimin of a singl odor , our studi provid a quantit analysi of the potenti comput properti of the olfactori bulb . the mathemat formul of the problem we consid is one of determin the capac for linear separ of continu curv , embed in a large-dimension space . thi is accomplish here by a numer studi , use a method that signal whether the discrimin task is realiz , togeth with a finite-s scale analysi

odorant discriminator
linear separability
artificial neural network
receptor affinity distribution
olfaction
sensory neurons
linear threshold element


Design PID controllers for desired time-domain or frequency-domain response

Abstract: Practical requirements on the design of control systems, especially process control systems, are usually specified in terms of time-domain response, such as overshoot and rise time, or frequency-domain response, such as resonance peak and stability margin. Although numerous methods have been developed for the design of the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller, little work has been done in relation to the quantitative time-domain and frequency-domain responses. In this paper, we study the following problem: Given a nominal stable process with time delay, we design a suboptimal PID controller to achieve the required time-domain response or frequency-domain response for the nominal system or the uncertain system. An H/sub infinity / PID controller is developed based on optimal control theory and the parameters are derived analytically. Its properties are investigated and compared with that of two developed suboptimal controllers: an H/sub 2/ PID controller and a Maclaurin PID controller

design pid control for desir time-domain or frequency-domain respons
 practic requir on the design of control system , especi process control system , are usual specifi in term of time-domain respons , such as overshoot and rise time , or frequency-domain respons , such as reson peak and stabil margin . although numer method have been develop for the design of the proportional-integral-deriv ( pid ) control , littl work ha been done in relat to the quantit time-domain and frequency-domain respons . in thi paper , we studi the follow problem : given a nomin stabl process with time delay , we design a suboptim pid control to achiev the requir time-domain respons or frequency-domain respons for the nomin system or the uncertain system . an h / sub infin / pid control is develop base on optim control theori and the paramet are deriv analyt . it properti are investig and compar with that of two develop suboptim control : an h / sub 2/ pid control and a maclaurin pid control


Customer in-reach and library strategic systems: the case of ILLiad

Abstract: Libraries have walls. Recognizing this fact, the Interlibrary Loan Department at Virginia Tech is creating systems and services that enable our customers to reach past our walls at anytime from anywhere. Customer in-reach enables Virginia Tech faculty, students, and staff anywhere in the world to obtain information and services heretofore available only to our on-campus customers. ILLiad, Virginia Tech's interlibrary borrowing system, is the library strategic system that attains this goal. The principles that guided development of ILLiad are widely applicable

custom in-reach and librari strateg system : the case of illiad
 librari have wall . recogn thi fact , the interlibrari loan depart at virginia tech is creat system and servic that enabl our custom to reach past our wall at anytim from anywher . custom in-reach enabl virginia tech faculti , student , and staff anywher in the world to obtain inform and servic heretofor avail onli to our on-campu custom . illiad , virginia tech 's interlibrari borrow system , is the librari strateg system that attain thi goal . the principl that guid develop of illiad are wide applic

customer in-reach
library strategic systems
ILLiad
Interlibrary Loan Department
Virginia Tech
interlibrary borrowing system


Optical encoding of color three-dimensional correlation

Abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) correlation of color images, considering the color distribution as the third dimension, has been shown to be useful for color pattern recognition tasks. Nevertheless, 3D correlation cannot be directly performed on an optical correlator, that can only process two-dimensional (2D) signals. We propose a method to encode 3D functions onto 2D ones in such a way that the Fourier transform and correlation of these signals, that can be optically performed, encode the 3D Fourier transform and correlation of the 3D signals. The theory for the encoding is given and experimental results obtained in an optical correlator are shown

optic encod of color three-dimension correl
 three-dimension ( 3d ) correl of color imag , consid the color distribut as the third dimens , ha been shown to be use for color pattern recognit task . nevertheless , 3d correl can not be directli perform on an optic correl , that can onli process two-dimension ( 2d ) signal . we propos a method to encod 3d function onto 2d one in such a way that the fourier transform and correl of these signal , that can be optic perform , encod the 3d fourier transform and correl of the 3d signal . the theori for the encod is given and experiment result obtain in an optic correl are shown

optical encoding
color three-dimensional correlation
color images
color distribution
color pattern recognition tasks
3D correlation
optical correlator
Fourier transform
3D Fourier transform
3D function encoding


Brightness-independent start-up routine for star trackers

Abstract: Initial attitude acquisition by a modern star tracker is investigated here. Criteria for efficient organization of the on-board database are discussed with reference to a brightness-independent initial acquisition algorithm. Star catalog generation preprocessing is described, with emphasis on the identification of minimum star brightness for detection by a sensor based on a charge coupled device (CCD) photodetector. This is a crucial step for proper evaluation of the attainable sky coverage when selecting the stars to be included in the on-board catalog. Test results are also reported, both for reliability and accuracy, even if the former is considered to be the primary target. Probability of erroneous solution is 0.2% in the case of single runs of the procedure, while attitude determination accuracy is in the order of 0.02 degrees in the average for the computation of the inertial pointing of the boresight axis

brightness-independ start-up routin for star tracker
 initi attitud acquisit by a modern star tracker is investig here . criteria for effici organ of the on-board databas are discuss with refer to a brightness-independ initi acquisit algorithm . star catalog gener preprocess is describ , with emphasi on the identif of minimum star bright for detect by a sensor base on a charg coupl devic ( ccd ) photodetector . thi is a crucial step for proper evalu of the attain sky coverag when select the star to be includ in the on-board catalog . test result are also report , both for reliabl and accuraci , even if the former is consid to be the primari target . probabl of erron solut is 0.2 % in the case of singl run of the procedur , while attitud determin accuraci is in the order of 0.02 degre in the averag for the comput of the inerti point of the boresight axi

brightness-independent start-up routine
star trackers
initial attitude acquisition
on-board database
star catalog generation preprocessing
minimum star brightness
reliability
boresight axis
gyroless spacecraft
charge coupled device photodetector


Feedforward maximum power point tracking of PV systems using fuzzy controller

Abstract: A feedforward maximum power (MP) point tracking scheme is developed for the interleaved dual boost (IDB) converter fed photovoltaic (PV) system using fuzzy controller. The tracking algorithm changes the duty ratio of the converter such that the solar cell array (SCA) voltage equals the voltage corresponding to the MP point at that solar insolation. This is done by the feedforward loop, which generates an error signal by comparing the instantaneous array voltage and reference voltage. The reference voltage for the feedforward loop, corresponding to the MP point, is obtained by an off-line trained neural network. Experimental data is used for off-line training of the neural network, which employs back-propagation algorithm. The proposed fuzzy feedforward peak power tracking effectiveness is demonstrated through the simulation and experimental results, and compared with the conventional proportional plus integral (PI) controller based system. Finally, a comparative study of interleaved boost and conventional boost converter for the PV applications is given and their suitability is discussed

feedforward maximum power point track of pv system use fuzzi control
 a feedforward maximum power ( mp ) point track scheme is develop for the interleav dual boost ( idb ) convert fed photovolta ( pv ) system use fuzzi control . the track algorithm chang the duti ratio of the convert such that the solar cell array ( sca ) voltag equal the voltag correspond to the mp point at that solar insol . thi is done by the feedforward loop , which gener an error signal by compar the instantan array voltag and refer voltag . the refer voltag for the feedforward loop , correspond to the mp point , is obtain by an off-lin train neural network . experiment data is use for off-lin train of the neural network , which employ back-propag algorithm . the propos fuzzi feedforward peak power track effect is demonstr through the simul and experiment result , and compar with the convent proport plu integr ( pi ) control base system . final , a compar studi of interleav boost and convent boost convert for the pv applic is given and their suitabl is discuss

feedforward maximum power point tracking


CAD/CAE software aids converter design [DC/DC power conversion]

Abstract: Typically, power supply design involves electronic and magnetic components. In this paper, the authors describe, using a flyback converter example, how CAD/CAE tools can aid the power supply engineer in both areas, reducing prototyping costs and providing insights into system performance

cad / cae softwar aid convert design [ dc / dc power convers ]
 typic , power suppli design involv electron and magnet compon . in thi paper , the author describ , use a flyback convert exampl , how cad / cae tool can aid the power suppli engin in both area , reduc prototyp cost and provid insight into system perform

CAD/CAE software
power supply design
magnetic components
prototyping costs
DC/DC power convertor design
electronic components
flyback power convertor topology


Control centers are here to stay

Abstract: Despite changes with different structures, market rules, and uncertainties, a control center must always be in place to maintain the security, reliability, and quality of electric service. This article focuses on the energy management system (EMS) control center, identifying the major functions that have become standard components of every application software package. The two most important control center functions, security control and load-following control, guarantee the continuity of electric service, which after all, is the end-product of the utility business. New technology trends in the design of control center infrastructures are emerging in the liberalized environment of the energy market. An example of a control center infrastructure is described. The article ends with a concern for the security of the control center itself

control center are here to stay
 despit chang with differ structur , market rule , and uncertainti , a control center must alway be in place to maintain the secur , reliabl , and qualiti of electr servic . thi articl focus on the energi manag system ( em ) control center , identifi the major function that have becom standard compon of everi applic softwar packag . the two most import control center function , secur control and load-follow control , guarante the continu of electr servic , which after all , is the end-product of the util busi . new technolog trend in the design of control center infrastructur are emerg in the liber environ of the energi market . an exampl of a control center infrastructur is describ . the articl end with a concern for the secur of the control center itself

energy management system
standard components
application software package
security control
load-following control
control center infrastructures
liberalized environment
energy market
EMS control centers
electric service continuity


Geotensity: combining motion and lighting for 3D surface reconstruction

Abstract: This paper is about automatically reconstructing the full 3D surface of an object observed in motion by a single static camera. Based on the two paradigms, structure from motion and linear intensity subspaces, we introduce the geotensity constraint that governs the relationship between four or more images of a moving object. We show that it is possible in theory to solve for 3D Lambertian surface structure for the case of a single point light source and propose that a solution exists for an arbitrary number point light sources. The surface may or may not be textured. We then give an example of automatic surface reconstruction of a face under a point light source using arbitrary unknown object motion and a single fixed camera

geotens : combin motion and light for 3d surfac reconstruct
 thi paper is about automat reconstruct the full 3d surfac of an object observ in motion by a singl static camera . base on the two paradigm , structur from motion and linear intens subspac , we introduc the geotens constraint that govern the relationship between four or more imag of a move object . we show that it is possibl in theori to solv for 3d lambertian surfac structur for the case of a singl point light sourc and propos that a solut exist for an arbitrari number point light sourc . the surfac may or may not be textur . we then give an exampl of automat surfac reconstruct of a face under a point light sourc use arbitrari unknown object motion and a singl fix camera

full 3D surface
single static camera
linear intensity subspaces
geotensity constraint
3D Lambertian surface structure
single point light source
point light source
arbitrary number point light sources
automatic surface reconstruction
linear image subspaces
structure-from-motion


Project Euclid and the role of research libraries in scholarly publishing

Abstract: Project Euclid, a joint electronic journal publishing initiative of Cornell University Library and Duke University Press is discussed in the broader contexts of the changing patterns of scholarly communication and the publishing scene of mathematics. Specific aspects of the project such as partnerships and the creation of an economic model are presented as well as what it takes to be a publisher. Libraries have gained important and relevant experience through the creation and management of digital libraries, but they need to develop further skills if they want to adopt a new role in the life cycle of scholarly communication

project euclid and the role of research librari in scholarli publish
 project euclid , a joint electron journal publish initi of cornel univers librari and duke univers press is discuss in the broader context of the chang pattern of scholarli commun and the publish scene of mathemat . specif aspect of the project such as partnership and the creation of an econom model are present as well as what it take to be a publish . librari have gain import and relev experi through the creation and manag of digit librari , but they need to develop further skill if they want to adopt a new role in the life cycl of scholarli commun


Note on "Deterministic inventory lot-size models under inflation with shortages and deterioration for fluctuating demand" by Yang et al

Abstract: For original paper see H.-L. Yang et al., ibid., vol.48, p.144-58 (2001). Yang et al. extended the lot-size models to allow for inflation and fluctuating demand. For this model they proved that the optimal replenishment schedule exists and is unique. They also proposed an algorithm to find the optimal policy. The present paper provides examples, which show that the optimal replenishment schedule and consequently the overall optimal policy may not exist

note on " determinist inventori lot-siz model under inflat with shortag and deterior for fluctuat demand " by yang et al
 for origin paper see h.-l. yang et al . , ibid . , vol.48 , p.144 - 58 ( 2001 ) . yang et al . extend the lot-siz model to allow for inflat and fluctuat demand . for thi model they prove that the optim replenish schedul exist and is uniqu . they also propos an algorithm to find the optim polici . the present paper provid exampl , which show that the optim replenish schedul and consequ the overal optim polici may not exist

deterministic inventory lot-size models
inflation
fluctuating demand
optimal replenishment schedule
optimal policy algorithm
optimal scheduling parameters


Autofocus system for microscope

Abstract: A technique is developed for microscope autofocusing, which is called the eccentric light beam approach with high resolution, wide focusing range, and compact construction. The principle is described. The theoretical formula of the eccentric light beam approach deduced can be applied not only to an object lens whose objective plane is just at the focal plane, but also to an object lens whose objective plane is not at the focal plane. The experimental setup uses a semiconductor laser device as the light source. The laser beam that enters into the microscope is eccentric with the main light axis. A defocused signal is acquired by a symmetrical silicon photocell for the change of the reflected light position caused by differential amplification and processed by a microprocessor. Then the electric signal is power-amplified and drives a dc motor, which moves a fine working platform to an automatic focus of the microscope. The result of the experiments shows a +or-0.1- mu m precision of autofocusing for a range of +or-500- mu m defocusing. The system has high reliability and can meet the requirements of various accurate micro measurement systems

autofocu system for microscop
 a techniqu is develop for microscop autofocus , which is call the eccentr light beam approach with high resolut , wide focus rang , and compact construct . the principl is describ . the theoret formula of the eccentr light beam approach deduc can be appli not onli to an object len whose object plane is just at the focal plane , but also to an object len whose object plane is not at the focal plane . the experiment setup use a semiconductor laser devic as the light sourc . the laser beam that enter into the microscop is eccentr with the main light axi . a defocus signal is acquir by a symmetr silicon photocel for the chang of the reflect light posit caus by differenti amplif and process by a microprocessor . then the electr signal is power-amplifi and drive a dc motor , which move a fine work platform to an automat focu of the microscop . the result of the experi show a + or-0.1- mu m precis of autofocus for a rang of + or-500- mu m defocus . the system ha high reliabl and can meet the requir of variou accur micro measur system

autofocus system
microscope autofocusing
eccentric light beam approach
object lens
objective plane
semiconductor laser
main light axis
defocused signal
symmetrical silicon photocell
reflected light position
differential amplification
microprocessor
dc motor
fine working platform
high reliability
micro measurement systems
power-amplified electric signal


Blitzograms - interactive histograms

Abstract: As computers become ever faster, more and more procedures that were once viewed as iterative will continue to become instantaneous. The blitzogram is the application of this trend to histograms, which the author hopes will lead to a better tacit understanding of probability distributions among both students and managers. And this is not just an academic exercise. Commercial Monte Carlo simulation packages like @RISK and Crystal Ball, and my INSIGHT.xla are widely available

blitzogram - interact histogram
 as comput becom ever faster , more and more procedur that were onc view as iter will continu to becom instantan . the blitzogram is the applic of thi trend to histogram , which the author hope will lead to a better tacit understand of probabl distribut among both student and manag . and thi is not just an academ exercis . commerci mont carlo simul packag like @risk and crystal ball , and my insight.xla are wide avail

blitzogram
histograms
probability distributions
MBA
operations research
management science
statistics


.NET obfuscation and intellectual property

Abstract: The author considers obfuscation options for protecting .NET code. Many programs won't need obfuscation because the loss caused by reverse engineering will be nonexistent. Numerous obfuscators are already available for the .NET platform, ranging from a basic renaming obfuscator to a fully functional obfuscator that handles mixed IL/native code assemblies created in any managed language, including Microsoft's C++ with Managed Extensions. An obfuscator simply makes your application harder to reverse engineer. It does not prevent reverse engineering. However, the cost of obfuscation is insignificant when compared to the cost of a typical software development project. If you feel like an obfuscator provides you any benefit at all, it's probably worth the price

.net obfusc and intellectu properti
 the author consid obfusc option for protect .net code . mani program wo n't need obfusc becaus the loss caus by revers engin will be nonexist . numer obfusc are alreadi avail for the .net platform , rang from a basic renam obfusc to a fulli function obfusc that handl mix il / nativ code assembl creat in ani manag languag , includ microsoft 's c++ with manag extens . an obfusc simpli make your applic harder to revers engin . it doe not prevent revers engin . howev , the cost of obfusc is insignific when compar to the cost of a typic softwar develop project . if you feel like an obfusc provid you ani benefit at all , it 's probabl worth the price

.NET obfuscation
intellectual property
reverse engineering


Numerical representation of binary relations with a multiplicative error function

Abstract: This paper studies the case of the representation of a binary relation via a numerical function with threshold (error) depending on both compared alternatives. The error is considered to be multiplicative, its value being either directly or inversely proportional to the values of the numerical function. For the first case, it is proved that a binary relation is a semiorder. Moreover, any semiorder can be represented in this form. In the second case, the corresponding binary relation is an interval order

numer represent of binari relat with a multipl error function
 thi paper studi the case of the represent of a binari relat via a numer function with threshold ( error ) depend on both compar altern . the error is consid to be multipl , it valu be either directli or invers proport to the valu of the numer function . for the first case , it is prove that a binari relat is a semiord . moreov , ani semiord can be repres in thi form . in the second case , the correspond binari relat is an interv order

numerical representation
binary relations
multiplicative error function
error
numerical function
threshold
semiorder
interval order


Matching PET and CT scans of the head and neck area: Development of method and validation

Abstract: Positron emission tomography (PET) provides important information on tumor biology, but lacks detailed anatomical information. Our aim in the present study was to develop and validate an automatic registration method for matching PET and CT scans of the head and neck. Three difficulties in achieving this goal are (1) nonrigid motions of the neck can hamper the use of automatic ridged body transformations; (2) emission scans contain too little anatomical information to apply standard image fusion methods; and (3) no objective way exists to quantify the quality of the match results. These problems are solved as follows: accurate and reproducible positioning of the patient was achieved by using a radiotherapy treatment mask. The proposed method makes use of the transmission rather than the emission scan. To obtain sufficient (anatomical) information for matching, two bed positions for the transmission scan were included in the protocol. A mutual information-based algorithm was used as a registration technique. PET and CT data were obtained in seven patients. Each patient had two CT scans and one PET scan. The datasets were used to estimate the consistency by matching PET to CT/sub 1/, CT/sub 1/ to CT/sub 2/, and CT/sub 2/ to PET using the full circle consistency test. It was found that using our method, consistency could be obtained of 4 mm and 1.3 degrees on average. The PET voxels used for registration were 5.15 mm, so the errors compared quite favorably with the voxel size. Cropping the images (removing the scanner bed from images) did not improve the consistency of the algorithm. The transmission scan, however, could potentially be reduced to a single position using this approach. In conclusion, the represented algorithm and validation technique has several features that are attractive from both theoretical and practical point of view, it is a user-independent, automatic validation technique for matching CT and PET scans of the head and neck, which gives the opportunity to compare different image enhancements

match pet and ct scan of the head and neck area : develop of method and valid
 positron emiss tomographi ( pet ) provid import inform on tumor biolog , but lack detail anatom inform . our aim in the present studi wa to develop and valid an automat registr method for match pet and ct scan of the head and neck . three difficulti in achiev thi goal are ( 1 ) nonrigid motion of the neck can hamper the use of automat ridg bodi transform ; ( 2 ) emiss scan contain too littl anatom inform to appli standard imag fusion method ; and ( 3 ) no object way exist to quantifi the qualiti of the match result . these problem are solv as follow : accur and reproduc posit of the patient wa achiev by use a radiotherapi treatment mask . the propos method make use of the transmiss rather than the emiss scan . to obtain suffici ( anatom ) inform for match , two bed posit for the transmiss scan were includ in the protocol . a mutual information-bas algorithm wa use as a registr techniqu . pet and ct data were obtain in seven patient . each patient had two ct scan and one pet scan . the dataset were use to estim the consist by match pet to ct / sub 1/ , ct / sub 1/ to ct / sub 2/ , and ct / sub 2/ to pet use the full circl consist test . it wa found that use our method , consist could be obtain of 4 mm and 1.3 degre on averag . the pet voxel use for registr were 5.15 mm , so the error compar quit favor with the voxel size . crop the imag ( remov the scanner bed from imag ) did not improv the consist of the algorithm . the transmiss scan , howev , could potenti be reduc to a singl posit use thi approach . in conclus , the repres algorithm and valid techniqu ha sever featur that are attract from both theoret and practic point of view , it is a user-independ , automat valid techniqu for match ct and pet scan of the head and neck , which give the opportun to compar differ imag enhanc

user-independent automatic validation technique

P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P R M R


Open courseware and shared knowledge in higher education

Abstract: Most college and university campuses in the United States and much of the developed world today maintain one, two, or several learning management systems (LMSs), which are courseware products that provide students and faculty with Web-based tools to manage course-related applications. Since the mid-1990s, two predominant models of Web courseware management systems have emerged: commercial and noncommercial. Some of the commercial products available today were created in academia as noncommercial but have since become commercially encumbered. Other products remain noncommercial but are struggling to survive in a world of fierce commercial competition. This article argues for an ethics of pedagogy in higher education that would be based on the guiding assumptions of the non-proprietary, peer-to-peer, open-source software movement

open coursewar and share knowledg in higher educ
 most colleg and univers campus in the unit state and much of the develop world today maintain one , two , or sever learn manag system ( lmss ) , which are coursewar product that provid student and faculti with web-bas tool to manag course-rel applic . sinc the mid-1990 , two predomin model of web coursewar manag system have emerg : commerci and noncommerci . some of the commerci product avail today were creat in academia as noncommerci but have sinc becom commerci encumb . other product remain noncommerci but are struggl to surviv in a world of fierc commerci competit . thi articl argu for an ethic of pedagogi in higher educ that would be base on the guid assumpt of the non-proprietari , peer-to-p , open-sourc softwar movement

open courseware
shared knowledge
higher education
college
university
learning management systems
Web courseware management systems
commercial products
ethics
open-source software
Internet


Integrating building management system and facilities management on the Internet

Abstract: Recently, it is of great interest to adopt the Internet/intranet to develop building management systems (BMS) and facilities management systems (FMS). This paper addresses two technical issues: the Web-based access (including database integration) and the integration of BMS and FMS. These should be addressed for accessing BMS remotely via the Internet, integrating control networks using the Internet protocols and infrastructures, and using Internet/intranet for building facilities management. An experimental Internet-enabled system that integrates building and facilities management systems has been developed and tested. This system integrated open control networks with the Internet and is developed utilizing the embedded Web server, the PC Web server and the Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM) software development technology on the platform of an open control network. Three strategies for interconnecting BMS local networks via Internet/intranet are presented and analyzed

integr build manag system and facil manag on the internet
 recent , it is of great interest to adopt the internet / intranet to develop build manag system ( bm ) and facil manag system ( fm ) . thi paper address two technic issu : the web-bas access ( includ databas integr ) and the integr of bm and fm . these should be address for access bm remot via the internet , integr control network use the internet protocol and infrastructur , and use internet / intranet for build facil manag . an experiment internet-en system that integr build and facil manag system ha been develop and test . thi system integr open control network with the internet and is develop util the embed web server , the pc web server and the distribut compon object model ( dcom ) softwar develop technolog on the platform of an open control network . three strategi for interconnect bm local network via internet / intranet are present and analyz

building management systems
intranet
BMS
facilities management systems
FMS
Web-based access
database integration
Internet protocols
open control network
embedded Web server
PC Web server
Distributed Component Object Model
DCOM
software development technology
local network interconnection


The Open Archives Initiative: realizing simple and effective digital library interoperability

Abstract: The Open Archives Initiative (OAI) is dedicated to solving problems of digital library interoperability. Its focus has been on defining simple protocols, most recently for the exchange of metadata from archives. The OAI evolved out of a need to increase access to scholarly publications by supporting the creation of interoperable digital libraries. As a first step towards such interoperability, a metadata harvesting protocol was developed to support the streaming of metadata from one repository to another, ultimately to a provider of user services such as browsing, searching, or annotation. This article provides an overview of the mission, philosophy, and technical framework of the OAI

the open archiv initi : realiz simpl and effect digit librari interoper
 the open archiv initi ( oai ) is dedic to solv problem of digit librari interoper . it focu ha been on defin simpl protocol , most recent for the exchang of metadata from archiv . the oai evolv out of a need to increas access to scholarli public by support the creation of interoper digit librari . as a first step toward such interoper , a metadata harvest protocol wa develop to support the stream of metadata from one repositori to anoth , ultim to a provid of user servic such as brows , search , or annot . thi articl provid an overview of the mission , philosophi , and technic framework of the oai

Open Archives Initiative
digital library interoperability
protocols
scholarly publications
metadata harvesting protocol
user services
browsing
searching
annotation
exchange metadata
streaming metadata


Electronic data exchange for real estate

Abstract: With HM Land Registry's consultation now underway, no one denies that the property industry is facing a period of unprecedented change. PISCES (Property Information Systems Common Exchange) is a property-focused electronic data exchange standard. The standard is a set of definitions and rules to facilitate electronic transfer of data between key business areas and between different types of software packages that are used regularly by the property industry. It is not itself a piece of software but an enabling technology that allows software providers to prepare solutions within their own packages to transfer data between databases. This provides the attractive prospect of seamless transfer of data within and between systems and organisations

electron data exchang for real estat
 with hm land registri 's consult now underway , no one deni that the properti industri is face a period of unpreced chang . pisc ( properti inform system common exchang ) is a property-focus electron data exchang standard . the standard is a set of definit and rule to facilit electron transfer of data between key busi area and between differ type of softwar packag that are use regularli by the properti industri . it is not itself a piec of softwar but an enabl technolog that allow softwar provid to prepar solut within their own packag to transfer data between databas . thi provid the attract prospect of seamless transfer of data within and between system and organis


Stabilization of a linear object by frequency-modulated pulsed signals

Abstract: A control system consisting of an unstable continuous linear part and a pulse-frequency modulator in the feedback circuit is studied. Conditions for the boundedness of the solutions of the system under any initial data are determined

stabil of a linear object by frequency-modul puls signal
 a control system consist of an unstabl continu linear part and a pulse-frequ modul in the feedback circuit is studi . condit for the bounded of the solut of the system under ani initi data are determin

stabilization
frequency-modulated pulsed signals
control system
feedback circuit
discrete systems
linear stationary object
solution boundedness


Entrepreneurs in Action: a Web-case model

Abstract: Much of the traditional schooling in America is built around systems of compliance and control, characteristics which stifle the creative and entrepreneurial instincts of the children who are subjected to these tactics. The article explores a different approach to education, one that involves capturing the interest of the student through the use of problem and project-based instruction delivered via the Internet. Called Entrepreneurs in Action, this program seeks to involve students in a problem at the outset and to promote the learning of traditional subject areas as a process of the problem-solving activities that are undertaken. The program's details are explained, from elementary school through university level courses, and the authors outline their plans to test the efficacy of the program at each level

entrepreneur in action : a web-cas model
 much of the tradit school in america is built around system of complianc and control , characterist which stifl the creativ and entrepreneuri instinct of the children who are subject to these tactic . the articl explor a differ approach to educ , one that involv captur the interest of the student through the use of problem and project-bas instruct deliv via the internet . call entrepreneur in action , thi program seek to involv student in a problem at the outset and to promot the learn of tradit subject area as a process of the problem-solv activ that are undertaken . the program 's detail are explain , from elementari school through univers level cours , and the author outlin their plan to test the efficaci of the program at each level

Entrepreneurs in Action
Web-case model
traditional schooling
America
entrepreneurial instincts
project-based instruction
Internet
traditional subject areas
problem-solving activities
elementary school
university level courses


Novel denoising algorithm for obtaining a superresolved position estimation

Abstract: We present a new algorithm that uses the randomness of the noise pattern to achieve high positioning accuracy by applying a modified averaging operation. Using the suggested approach, noise sensitivity of the positioning accuracy can be significantly reduced. This new improved algorithm can improve the performances of tracking systems used for military as well as civil applications. The concept is demonstrated theoretically as well as by optical experiment

novel denois algorithm for obtain a superresolv posit estim
 we present a new algorithm that use the random of the nois pattern to achiev high posit accuraci by appli a modifi averag oper . use the suggest approach , nois sensit of the posit accuraci can be significantli reduc . thi new improv algorithm can improv the perform of track system use for militari as well as civil applic . the concept is demonstr theoret as well as by optic experi

denoising algorithm
superresolved position estimation
high positioning accuracy
modified averaging operation
noise sensitivity
tracking systems
civil applications
optical experiment
noise pattern randomness
military applications


Gifts to a science academic librarian

Abstract: Gifts, by their altruistic nature, perfectly fit into the environment of universities and academic libraries. As a university's community and general public continue to donate materials, libraries accept donations willingly, both in-kind and monetary. Eight steps of gift processing are listed in the paper. Positive and negative aspects of gift acceptance are discussed. Gifts bring value for academic libraries. Gifts can be considered additional routes to contribute to library collections without direct purchases, options to add money to the library budget, and the cement of social relationships. But, unfortunately, large donations are time-consuming, labor-intensive and costly to process. Great amounts of staff time and processing space are two main negative aspects that cause concern and put the value of gift acceptance under consideration by librarians. Some strategies in handling gifts are recommended. To be effective, academic science librarians need to approach gifts as an investment. Librarians are not to be forced by moral and public notions and should be able to make professional decisions in evaluating proposed collections

gift to a scienc academ librarian
 gift , by their altruist natur , perfectli fit into the environ of univers and academ librari . as a univers 's commun and gener public continu to donat materi , librari accept donat willingli , both in-kind and monetari . eight step of gift process are list in the paper . posit and neg aspect of gift accept are discuss . gift bring valu for academ librari . gift can be consid addit rout to contribut to librari collect without direct purchas , option to add money to the librari budget , and the cement of social relationship . but , unfortun , larg donat are time-consum , labor-intens and costli to process . great amount of staff time and process space are two main neg aspect that caus concern and put the valu of gift accept under consider by librarian . some strategi in handl gift are recommend . to be effect , academ scienc librarian need to approach gift as an invest . librarian are not to be forc by moral and public notion and should be abl to make profession decis in evalu propos collect

science academic librarian
academic libraries
donations
gift processing
library collections
budget
staff time
professional decisions
research libraries
acquisitions
gift books


Neighborhood operator systems and approximations

Abstract: This paper presents a framework for the study of generalizing the standard notion of equivalence relation in rough set approximation space with various categories of k-step neighborhood systems. Based on a binary relation on a finite universe, six families of binary relations are obtained, and the corresponding six classes of k-step neighborhood systems are derived. Extensions of Pawlak's (1982) rough set approximation operators based on such neighborhood systems are proposed. Properties of neighborhood operator systems and rough set approximation operators are investigated, and their connections are examined

neighborhood oper system and approxim
 thi paper present a framework for the studi of gener the standard notion of equival relat in rough set approxim space with variou categori of k-step neighborhood system . base on a binari relat on a finit univers , six famili of binari relat are obtain , and the correspond six class of k-step neighborhood system are deriv . extens of pawlak 's ( 1982 ) rough set approxim oper base on such neighborhood system are propos . properti of neighborhood oper system and rough set approxim oper are investig , and their connect are examin

neighborhood operator systems
equivalence relation
rough set approximation space
k-step neighborhood systems
binary relation
finite universe


Correction to construction of panoramic image mosaics with global and local alignment

Abstract: For original paper see ibid., vol. 36, no. 2, p. 101-30 (2000). The authors had given a method for the construction of panoramic image mosaics with global and local alignment. Unfortunately a mistake had led to an incorrect equation which whilst making little difference in many cases, for faster (and assured) convergence, the correct formulae given here should be used

correct to construct of panoram imag mosaic with global and local align
 for origin paper see ibid . , vol . 36 , no . 2 , p. 101 - 30 ( 2000 ) . the author had given a method for the construct of panoram imag mosaic with global and local align . unfortun a mistak had led to an incorrect equat which whilst make littl differ in mani case , for faster ( and assur ) converg , the correct formula given here should be use

panoramic image mosaics
local alignment
global alignment
resampled image


Symbiosis or alienation: advancing the university press/research library relationship through electronic scholarly communication

Abstract: University presses and research libraries have a long tradition of collaboration. The rapidly expanding electronic scholarly communication environment offers important new opportunities for cooperation and for innovative new models of publishing. The economics of libraries and scholarly publishers have strained the working relationship and promoted debates on important information policy issues. This article explores the context for advancing the partnership, cites examples of joint efforts in electronic publishing, and presents an action plan for working together

symbiosi or alien : advanc the univers press / research librari relationship through electron scholarli commun
 univers press and research librari have a long tradit of collabor . the rapidli expand electron scholarli commun environ offer import new opportun for cooper and for innov new model of publish . the econom of librari and scholarli publish have strain the work relationship and promot debat on import inform polici issu . thi articl explor the context for advanc the partnership , cite exampl of joint effort in electron publish , and present an action plan for work togeth


Verifying resonant grounding in distribution systems

Abstract: The authors describe RESFAL, a software tool that can check on the behavior of distribution network resonant grounding systems with regard to compensation coil tuning and to fault detection

verifi reson ground in distribut system
 the author describ resfal , a softwar tool that can check on the behavior of distribut network reson ground system with regard to compens coil tune and to fault detect

resonant grounding systems
compensation coil tuning
fault detection
RESFAL software tool
computer simulation
power distribution systems


Why your Web strategy is, err, wrong

Abstract: An awkward look at a few standard views from the author, who thinks that most people have got it, err, wrong. Like every other investment, when the time comes to sign the contract, the question that should be asked is not whether it is a good investment, but whether it is the best investment the firm can make with the money. the author argues that he would be surprised if any law firm Web site he has seen yet would jump that particular hurdle

whi your web strategi is , err , wrong
 an awkward look at a few standard view from the author , who think that most peopl have got it , err , wrong . like everi other invest , when the time come to sign the contract , the question that should be ask is not whether it is a good invest , but whether it is the best invest the firm can make with the money . the author argu that he would be surpris if ani law firm web site he ha seen yet would jump that particular hurdl


Nonlockability in multirings and hypercubes at serial transmission of data blocks

Abstract: For the multiring and hypercube, a method of conflictless realization of an arbitrary permutation of "large" data items that can be divided into many "smaller" data blocks was considered, and its high efficiency was demonstrated

nonlock in multir and hypercub at serial transmiss of data block
 for the multir and hypercub , a method of conflictless realiz of an arbitrari permut of " larg " data item that can be divid into mani " smaller " data block wa consid , and it high effici wa demonstr

nonlockability
multirings
hypercubes
data block serial transmission
multiprocessor computer systems


Project-based learning: teachers learning and using high-tech to preserve Cajun culture

Abstract: Using project-based learning pedagogy in EdTc 658 Advances in Educational Technology, the author has trained inservice teachers in Southwestern Louisiana with an advanced computer multimedia program called Director(R) (Macromedia, Inc.). The content of this course focused on modeling the project-based learning pedagogy and researching Acadian's traditions and legacy. With the multi-functions of microcomputers, new technologies were used to preserve and celebrate the local culture with superiority of text, graphics, animation, sound, and video. The article describes how several groups of school teachers in the surrounding areas of a regional state university of Louisiana learned computer multimedia using project-based learning and integrated their learning into local cultural heritage

project-bas learn : teacher learn and use high-tech to preserv cajun cultur
 use project-bas learn pedagogi in edtc 658 advanc in educ technolog , the author ha train inservic teacher in southwestern louisiana with an advanc comput multimedia program call director(r ) ( macromedia , inc. ) . the content of thi cours focus on model the project-bas learn pedagogi and research acadian 's tradit and legaci . with the multi-funct of microcomput , new technolog were use to preserv and celebr the local cultur with superior of text , graphic , anim , sound , and video . the articl describ how sever group of school teacher in the surround area of a region state univers of louisiana learn comput multimedia use project-bas learn and integr their learn into local cultur heritag


Precoded OFDM with adaptive vector channel allocation for scalable video transmission over frequency-selective fading channels

Abstract: Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been applied in broadband wireline and wireless systems for high data rate transmission where severe intersymbol interference (ISI) always occurs. The conventional OFDM system provides advantages through conversion of an ISI channel into ISI-free subchannels at multiple frequency bands. However, it may suffer from channel spectral nulls and heavy data rate overhead due to cyclic prefix insertion. Previously, a new OFDM framework, the precoded OFDM, has been proposed to mitigate the above two problems through precoding and conversion of an ISI channel into ISI-free vector channels. In this paper, we consider the application of the precoded OFDM system to efficient scalable video transmission. We propose to enhance the precoded OFDM system with adaptive vector channel allocation to provide stronger protection against errors to more important layers in the layered bit stream structure of scalable video. The more critical layers, or equivalently, the lower layers, are allocated vector channels of higher transmission quality. The channel quality is characterized by Frobenius norm metrics; based on channel estimation at the receiver. The channel allocation information is fed back periodically to the transmitter through a control channel. Simulation results have demonstrated the robustness of the proposed scheme to noise and fading inherent in wireless channels

precod ofdm with adapt vector channel alloc for scalabl video transmiss over frequency-select fade channel
 orthogon frequenc divis multiplex ( ofdm ) ha been appli in broadband wirelin and wireless system for high data rate transmiss where sever intersymbol interfer ( isi ) alway occur . the convent ofdm system provid advantag through convers of an isi channel into isi-fre subchannel at multipl frequenc band . howev , it may suffer from channel spectral null and heavi data rate overhead due to cyclic prefix insert . previous , a new ofdm framework , the precod ofdm , ha been propos to mitig the abov two problem through precod and convers of an isi channel into isi-fre vector channel . in thi paper , we consid the applic of the precod ofdm system to effici scalabl video transmiss . we propos to enhanc the precod ofdm system with adapt vector channel alloc to provid stronger protect against error to more import layer in the layer bit stream structur of scalabl video . the more critic layer , or equival , the lower layer , are alloc vector channel of higher transmiss qualiti . the channel qualiti is character by frobeniu norm metric ; base on channel estim at the receiv . the channel alloc inform is fed back period to the transmitt through a control channel . simul result have demonstr the robust of the propos scheme to nois and fade inher in wireless channel

orthogonal frequency division multiplexing


Computer mediated communication and university international students

Abstract: The design for the preliminary study presented was based on the experiences of the international students and faculty members of a small southwest university being surveyed and interviewed. The data collection procedure blends qualitative and quantitative data. A strong consensus was found that supports the study's premise that there is an association between the use of computer mediated communication (CMC) and teaching and learning performance of international students. Both groups believe CMC to be an effective teaching and learning tool by: increasing the frequency and quality of communication between students and instructors; improving language skills through increased writing and communication opportunities; allowing students and instructors to stay current and to compete effectively; providing alternative teaching and learning methods to increase students' confidence in their ability to communicate effectively with peers and instructors; and improving the instructors' pedagogical focus and questioning techniques

comput mediat commun and univers intern student
 the design for the preliminari studi present wa base on the experi of the intern student and faculti member of a small southwest univers be survey and interview . the data collect procedur blend qualit and quantit data . a strong consensu wa found that support the studi 's premis that there is an associ between the use of comput mediat commun ( cmc ) and teach and learn perform of intern student . both group believ cmc to be an effect teach and learn tool by : increas the frequenc and qualiti of commun between student and instructor ; improv languag skill through increas write and commun opportun ; allow student and instructor to stay current and to compet effect ; provid altern teach and learn method to increas student ' confid in their abil to commun effect with peer and instructor ; and improv the instructor ' pedagog focu and question techniqu

computer mediated communication
university international students
faculty members
small southwest university
data collection procedure
quantitative data
CMC
teaching
learning performance
instructors
language skills
communication opportunities
peers
pedagogical focus
questioning techniques
qualitative data
student confidence


MACLP: multi agent constraint logic programming

Abstract: Multi agent systems (MAS) have become the key technology for decomposing complex problems in order to solve them more efficiently, or for problems distributed in nature. However, many industrial applications, besides their distributed nature, also involve a large number of parameters and constraints, i.e. they are combinatorial. Solving such particularly hard problems efficiently requires programming tools that combine MAS technology with a programming schema that facilitates the modeling and solution of constraints. This paper presents MACLP (multi agent constraint logic programming), a logic programming platform for building, in a declarative way, multi agent systems with constraint-solving capabilities. MACLP extends CSPCONS, a logic programming system that permits distributed program execution through communicating sequential Prolog processes with constraints, by providing all the necessary facilities for communication between agents. These facilities abstract from the programmer all the low-level details of the communication and allow him to focus on the development of the agent itself

maclp : multi agent constraint logic program
 multi agent system ( ma ) have becom the key technolog for decompos complex problem in order to solv them more effici , or for problem distribut in natur . howev , mani industri applic , besid their distribut natur , also involv a larg number of paramet and constraint , i.e. they are combinatori . solv such particularli hard problem effici requir program tool that combin ma technolog with a program schema that facilit the model and solut of constraint . thi paper present maclp ( multi agent constraint logic program ) , a logic program platform for build , in a declar way , multi agent system with constraint-solv capabl . maclp extend cspcon , a logic program system that permit distribut program execut through commun sequenti prolog process with constraint , by provid all the necessari facil for commun between agent . these facil abstract from the programm all the low-level detail of the commun and allow him to focu on the develop of the agent itself


A spatial rainfall simulator for crop production modeling in Southern Africa

Abstract: This paper describes a methodology for simulating rainfall in dekads across a set of spatial units in areas where long-term meteorological records are available for a small number of sites only. The work forms part of a larger simulation model of the food system in a district of Zimbabwe, which includes a crop production component for yields of maize, small grains and groundnuts. Only a limited number of meteorological stations are available within or surrounding the district that have long time series of rainfall records. Preliminary analysis of rainfall data for these stations suggested that intra-seasonal temporal correlation was negligible, but that rainfall at any given station was correlated with rainfall at neighbouring stations. This spatial correlation structure can be modeled using a multivariate normal distribution consisting of 30 related variables, representing dekadly rainfall in each of the 30 wards. For each ward, log-transformed rainfall for each of the 36 dekads in the year was characterized by a mean and standard deviation, which were interpolated from surrounding meteorological stations. A covariance matrix derived from a distance measure was then used to represent the spatial correlation between wards. Sets of random numbers were then drawn from this distribution to simulate rainfall across the wards in any given dekad. Cross-validation of estimated rainfall parameters against observed parameters for the one meteorological station within the district suggests that the interpolation process works well. The methodology developed is useful in situations where long-term climatic records are scarce and where rainfall shows pronounced spatial correlation, but negligible temporal correlation

a spatial rainfal simul for crop product model in southern africa
 thi paper describ a methodolog for simul rainfal in dekad across a set of spatial unit in area where long-term meteorolog record are avail for a small number of site onli . the work form part of a larger simul model of the food system in a district of zimbabw , which includ a crop product compon for yield of maiz , small grain and groundnut . onli a limit number of meteorolog station are avail within or surround the district that have long time seri of rainfal record . preliminari analysi of rainfal data for these station suggest that intra-season tempor correl wa neglig , but that rainfal at ani given station wa correl with rainfal at neighbour station . thi spatial correl structur can be model use a multivari normal distribut consist of 30 relat variabl , repres dekadli rainfal in each of the 30 ward . for each ward , log-transform rainfal for each of the 36 dekad in the year wa character by a mean and standard deviat , which were interpol from surround meteorolog station . a covari matrix deriv from a distanc measur wa then use to repres the spatial correl between ward . set of random number were then drawn from thi distribut to simul rainfal across the ward in ani given dekad . cross-valid of estim rainfal paramet against observ paramet for the one meteorolog station within the district suggest that the interpol process work well . the methodolog develop is use in situat where long-term climat record are scarc and where rainfal show pronounc spatial correl , but neglig tempor correl

crop production modeling
Southern Africa
simulating rainfall
Zimbabwe
rainfall records
rainfall data
spatial correlation
multivariate normal distribution
covariance matrix
parameter estimation


A multimodal data collection tool using REALbasic and Mac OS X

Abstract: This project uses REALbasic 3.5 in the Mac OS X environment for development of a configuration tool that builds a data collection procedure for investigating the effectiveness of sonified graphs. The advantage of using REALbasic with the Mac OS X system is that it provides rapid development of stimulus presentation, direct recording of data to files, and control over other procedural issues. The program can be made to run natively on the new Mac OS X system, older Mac OS systems, and Windows (98SE, ME, 2000 PRO). With modification, similar programs could be used to present any number of visual/auditory stimulus combinations, complete with questions for each stimulus

a multimod data collect tool use realbas and mac os x
 thi project use realbas 3.5 in the mac os x environ for develop of a configur tool that build a data collect procedur for investig the effect of sonifi graph . the advantag of use realbas with the mac os x system is that it provid rapid develop of stimulu present , direct record of data to file , and control over other procedur issu . the program can be made to run nativ on the new mac os x system , older mac os system , and window ( 98se , me , 2000 pro ) . with modif , similar program could be use to present ani number of visual / auditori stimulu combin , complet with question for each stimulu

multimodal data collection tool
data collection
REALbasic
Mac OS X environment
configuration tool
sonified graphs
stimulus presentation
Windows
auditory stimulus
visual data comprehension
psychology
visual stimulus
direct data recording


Low-voltage DRAM sensing scheme with offset-cancellation sense amplifier

Abstract: A novel bitline sensing scheme is proposed for low-voltage DRAM to achieve low power dissipation and compatibility with low-voltage CMOS. One of the major obstacles in low-voltage DRAM is the degradation of data-retention time due to low signal level at the memory cell, which requires power-consuming refresh operations more frequently. This paper proposes an offset-cancellation sense-amplifier scheme (OCSA) that improves data-retention time significantly even at low supply voltage. It also improves die efficiency, because the proposed scheme reduces the number of sense amplifiers by supporting more cells in each sense amplifier. Measurements show that the data-retention time of the proposed scheme at 1.5-V supply voltage is 2.4 times of the conventional scheme at 2.0 V

low-voltag dram sens scheme with offset-cancel sens amplifi
 a novel bitlin sens scheme is propos for low-voltag dram to achiev low power dissip and compat with low-voltag cmo . one of the major obstacl in low-voltag dram is the degrad of data-retent time due to low signal level at the memori cell , which requir power-consum refresh oper more frequent . thi paper propos an offset-cancel sense-amplifi scheme ( ocsa ) that improv data-retent time significantli even at low suppli voltag . it also improv die effici , becaus the propos scheme reduc the number of sens amplifi by support more cell in each sens amplifi . measur show that the data-retent time of the propos scheme at 1.5-v suppli voltag is 2.4 time of the convent scheme at 2.0 v

offset-cancellation sense amplifier scheme


ISCSI poised to lower SAN costs

Abstract: IT managers building storage area networks or expanding their capacity may be able to save money by using iSCSI and IP systems rather than Fibre Channel technologies

iscsi pois to lower san cost
 it manag build storag area network or expand their capac may be abl to save money by use iscsi and ip system rather than fibr channel technolog

iSCSI
SAN costs
storage area networks
IP systems


Application of nonlinear time series analysis techniques to high-frequency currency exchange data

Abstract: In this work we have applied nonlinear time series analysis to high-frequency currency exchange data. The time series studied are the exchange rates between the US Dollar and 18 other foreign currencies from within and without the Euro zone. Our goal was to determine if their dynamical behaviours were in some way correlated. The nonexistence of stationarity called for the application of recurrence quantification analysis as a tool for this analysis, and is based on the definition of several parameters that allow for the quantification of recurrence plots. The method was checked using the European Monetary System currency exchanges. The results show, as expected, the high correlation between the currencies that are part of the Euro, but also a strong correlation between the Japanese Yen, the Canadian Dollar and the British Pound. Singularities of the series are also demonstrated taking into account historical events, in 1996, in the Euro zone

applic of nonlinear time seri analysi techniqu to high-frequ currenc exchang data
 in thi work we have appli nonlinear time seri analysi to high-frequ currenc exchang data . the time seri studi are the exchang rate between the us dollar and 18 other foreign currenc from within and without the euro zone . our goal wa to determin if their dynam behaviour were in some way correl . the nonexist of stationar call for the applic of recurr quantif analysi as a tool for thi analysi , and is base on the definit of sever paramet that allow for the quantif of recurr plot . the method wa check use the european monetari system currenc exchang . the result show , as expect , the high correl between the currenc that are part of the euro , but also a strong correl between the japanes yen , the canadian dollar and the british pound . singular of the seri are also demonstr take into account histor event , in 1996 , in the euro zone

nonlinear time series
high-frequency currency exchange data
exchange rates
US Dollar
foreign currencies
Euro zone
stationarity
recurrence quantification analysis
recurrence plots
European Monetary System
Japanese Yen
Canadian Dollar
British Pound
historical events
econophysics
nonlinear dynamics


Virtual engineering office: a state-of-the-art platform for engineering collaboration

Abstract: A sales force in Latin America, the design department in Europe, and production in Asia? Arrangements of this kind are the new business reality for today's global manufacturing companies. But how are such global operations to be effectively coordinated? ABB's answer was to develop and implement a new platform for high-performance, real-time collaboration. Globally distributed engineering teams can now work together, regardless of time, location or the CAD system they use, making ABB easier to do business with, for customers as well as suppliers

virtual engin offic : a state-of-the-art platform for engin collabor
 a sale forc in latin america , the design depart in europ , and product in asia ? arrang of thi kind are the new busi realiti for today 's global manufactur compani . but how are such global oper to be effect coordin ? abb 's answer wa to develop and implement a new platform for high-perform , real-tim collabor . global distribut engin team can now work togeth , regardless of time , locat or the cad system they use , make abb easier to do busi with , for custom as well as supplier

virtual engineering office
state-of-the-art
business
global manufacturing companies
ABB
globally distributed engineering teams
CAD system
engineering collaboration platform


The p-p rearrangement and failure-tolerance of double p-ary multirings and generalized hypercubes

Abstract: It is shown that an arbitrary grouped p-element permutation can be implemented in a conflict-free way through the commutation of channels on the double p-ary multiring or the double p-ary hypercube. It is revealed that in arbitrary single-element permutations, these commutators display the property of the (p-1)-nodal failure-tolerance and the generalized hypercube displays in addition the property of the (p-1)-channel failure-tolerance

the p-p rearrang and failure-toler of doubl p-ari multir and gener hypercub
 it is shown that an arbitrari group p-element permut can be implement in a conflict-fre way through the commut of channel on the doubl p-ari multir or the doubl p-ari hypercub . it is reveal that in arbitrari single-el permut , these commut display the properti of the ( p-1)-nodal failure-toler and the gener hypercub display in addit the properti of the ( p-1)-channel failure-toler

p-p rearrangement
failure-tolerance
double p-ary multirings
generalized hypercubes
p-element permutation
commutators
single-element permutations
conflict-free implementation


Temelin casts its shadow [nuclear power plant]

Abstract: Reservations about Temelin nuclear plant in the Czech Republic are political rather than technical. This paper discusses the problems of turbogenerator vibrations and how they were diagnosed. The paper also discusses some of the other problems of commissioning the power plant. The simulator used for training new staff is also mentioned

temelin cast it shadow [ nuclear power plant ]
 reserv about temelin nuclear plant in the czech republ are polit rather than technic . thi paper discuss the problem of turbogener vibrat and how they were diagnos . the paper also discuss some of the other problem of commiss the power plant . the simul use for train new staff is also mention

Temelin nuclear plant
Czech Republic
turbogenerator vibrations
power plant commissioning
training simulator


Full-screen ultrafast video modes over-clocked by simple VESA routines and registers reprogramming under MS-DOS

Abstract: Fast full-screen presentation of stimuli is necessary in psychological research. Although Spitczok von Brisinski (1994) introduced a method that achieved ultrafast display by reprogramming the registers, he could not produce an acceptable full-screen display. In this report, the author introduces a new method combining VESA routine calling with register reprogramming that can yield a display at 640 * 480 resolution, with a refresh rate of about 150 Hz

full-screen ultrafast video mode over-clock by simpl vesa routin and regist reprogram under ms-do
 fast full-screen present of stimuli is necessari in psycholog research . although spitczok von brisinski ( 1994 ) introduc a method that achiev ultrafast display by reprogram the regist , he could not produc an accept full-screen display . in thi report , the author introduc a new method combin vesa routin call with regist reprogram that can yield a display at 640 * 480 resolut , with a refresh rate of about 150 hz

full-screen ultrafast video modes
register reprogramming
MS-DOS
psychological research
VESA routine calling
fast full-screen stimuli presentation


Down up [IT projects]

Abstract: Despite the second quarter's gloomy GDP report, savvy CIOs are forging ahead with big IT projects that will position their companies to succeed when the economy soars again

down up [ it project ]
 despit the second quarter 's gloomi gdp report , savvi cio are forg ahead with big it project that will posit their compani to succeed when the economi soar again

strategic technology projects
Walgreen
Ford
Caterpillar
Victoria's Secret
Morgan Stanley
Staples


Regularization of linear regression problems

Abstract: The study considers robust estimation of linear regression parameters by the regularization method, the pseudoinverse method, and the Bayesian method allowing for correlations and errors in the data. Regularizing algorithms are constructed and their relationship with pseudoinversion, the Bayesian approach, and BLUE is investigated

regular of linear regress problem
 the studi consid robust estim of linear regress paramet by the regular method , the pseudoinvers method , and the bayesian method allow for correl and error in the data . regular algorithm are construct and their relationship with pseudoinvers , the bayesian approach , and blue is investig

linear regression problems regularization


Quantitative speed control for SRM drive using fuzzy adapted inverse model

Abstract: Quantitative and robust speed control for a switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive is considered to be rather difficult and challenging owing to its highly nonlinear dynamic behavior. A speed control scheme having two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) structure is developed here to improve the speed dynamic response of an SRM drive. In the proposed control scheme, the feedback controller is quantitatively designed to meet the desired regulation control requirements first. Then a reference model and a command feedforward controller based on an inverse plant model are employed to yield the desired tracking response at nominal case. As the variations of system parameters and operating conditions occur, the prescribed control specifications may not be satisfied any more. To improve this, the inverse model is adaptively tuned by a fuzzy control scheme so that the model-following tracking error is significantly reduced. In addition, a simple disturbance cancellation robust controller is added to improve the tracking and regulation control performances further

quantit speed control for srm drive use fuzzi adapt invers model
 quantit and robust speed control for a switch reluct motor ( srm ) drive is consid to be rather difficult and challeng owe to it highli nonlinear dynam behavior . a speed control scheme have two-degree-of-freedom ( 2dof ) structur is develop here to improv the speed dynam respons of an srm drive . in the propos control scheme , the feedback control is quantit design to meet the desir regul control requir first . then a refer model and a command feedforward control base on an invers plant model are employ to yield the desir track respons at nomin case . as the variat of system paramet and oper condit occur , the prescrib control specif may not be satisfi ani more . to improv thi , the invers model is adapt tune by a fuzzi control scheme so that the model-follow track error is significantli reduc . in addit , a simpl disturb cancel robust control is ad to improv the track and regul control perform further

quantitative speed control
SRM drive
fuzzy adapted inverse model
switched reluctance motor
nonlinear dynamic behavior
speed dynamic response
regulation control requirements
reference model
command feedforward controller
inverse plant model
tracking response
system parameters
operating conditions
control specifications
fuzzy control scheme
model-following tracking error
two-degree-of-freedom structure
disturbance cancellation controller


Fuzzy control of multivariable process by modified error decoupling

Abstract: In this paper, a control concept for the squared (equal number of inputs and outputs) multivariable process systems is given. The proposed control system consists of two parts, single loop fuzzy controllers in each loop and a centralized decoupling unit. The fuzzy control system uses feedback control to minimize the error in the loop and the decoupler uses an adaptive technique to mitigate loop interactions. The decoupler predicts the interacting loop changes and modifies the input (error) of the loop controller. The controller was tested on the simulation model of "single component vaporizer" process

fuzzi control of multivari process by modifi error decoupl
 in thi paper , a control concept for the squar ( equal number of input and output ) multivari process system is given . the propos control system consist of two part , singl loop fuzzi control in each loop and a central decoupl unit . the fuzzi control system use feedback control to minim the error in the loop and the decoupl use an adapt techniqu to mitig loop interact . the decoupl predict the interact loop chang and modifi the input ( error ) of the loop control . the control wa test on the simul model of " singl compon vapor " process

multivariable process
modified error decoupling
centralized decoupling unit
feedback control
squared multivariable process systems
square multivariable process systems
single-loop fuzzy controllers
error minimization
loop interaction mitigation
single component vaporizer process
set point changes
load changes


The ubiquitous provisioning of internet services to portable devices

Abstract: Advances in mobile telecommunications and device miniaturization call for providing both standard and novel location- and context-dependent Internet services to mobile clients. Mobile agents are dynamic, asynchronous, and autonomous, making the MA programming paradigm suitable for developing novel middleware for mobility-enabled services

the ubiquit provis of internet servic to portabl devic
 advanc in mobil telecommun and devic miniatur call for provid both standard and novel location- and context-depend internet servic to mobil client . mobil agent are dynam , asynchron , and autonom , make the ma program paradigm suitabl for develop novel middlewar for mobility-en servic

Internet services
mobile telecommunications
device miniaturization
mobile clients
mobile agents
middleware
mobility-enabled services


The eyes have it [hotel security]

Abstract: CCTV systems can help lodging establishments accomplish a range of objectives, from deterring criminals to observing staff interactions with clientele. But pitfalls can arise if the CCTV system has not been properly integrated into the overall hotel security plan. CCTV system designs at new hotel properties are often too sophisticated, too complicated, and too costly, and do not take into consideration the security realities of site management. These problems arise when the professionals designing or installing the system, including architects, construction engineers, integrators, and consultants, are not familiar with a hotel's operating strategies or security standards

the eye have it [ hotel secur ]
 cctv system can help lodg establish accomplish a rang of object , from deter crimin to observ staff interact with clientel . but pitfal can aris if the cctv system ha not been properli integr into the overal hotel secur plan . cctv system design at new hotel properti are often too sophist , too complic , and too costli , and do not take into consider the secur realiti of site manag . these problem aris when the profession design or instal the system , includ architect , construct engin , integr , and consult , are not familiar with a hotel 's oper strategi or secur standard

hotel security
CCTV system
site management
operating strategies


Prospecting virtual collections

Abstract: Virtual collections are a distinct sub-species of digital collections and digital archives. Archivists and curators as archivists and curators do not construct virtual collections; rather they enable virtual collections through the application of descriptive and other standards. Virtual collections are constructed by end users

prospect virtual collect
 virtual collect are a distinct sub-speci of digit collect and digit archiv . archivist and curat as archivist and curat do not construct virtual collect ; rather they enabl virtual collect through the applic of descript and other standard . virtual collect are construct by end user

virtual collections
digital collections
digitization
digital archives
archivists
curators
end users
descriptive standards


Search for efficient solutions of multi-criterion problems by target-level method

Abstract: The target-level method is considered for solving continuous multi-criterion maximization problems. In the first step, the decision-maker specifies a target-level point (the desired criterion values); then in the set of vector evaluations we seek points that are closest to the target point in the Chebyshev metric. The vector evaluations obtained in this way are in general weakly efficient. To identify the efficient evaluations, the second step maximizes the sum of the criteria on the set generated in step 1. We prove the relationship between the evaluations and decisions obtained by the proposed procedure, on the one hand, and the efficient (weakly efficient) evaluations and decisions, on the other hand. If the Edgeworth-Pareto hull of the set of vector evaluations is convex, the set of efficient vector evaluations can be approximated by the proposed method

search for effici solut of multi-criterion problem by target-level method
 the target-level method is consid for solv continu multi-criterion maxim problem . in the first step , the decision-mak specifi a target-level point ( the desir criterion valu ) ; then in the set of vector evalu we seek point that are closest to the target point in the chebyshev metric . the vector evalu obtain in thi way are in gener weakli effici . to identifi the effici evalu , the second step maxim the sum of the criteria on the set gener in step 1 . we prove the relationship between the evalu and decis obtain by the propos procedur , on the one hand , and the effici ( weakli effici ) evalu and decis , on the other hand . if the edgeworth-pareto hull of the set of vector evalu is convex , the set of effici vector evalu can be approxim by the propos method