In 2009, historian Jennifer Burns identified "an explosion of scholarship" since 2000, although as of that year, few universities included Rand or Objectivism as a philosophical specialty or research area.
ɪn tˈuː θˈaʊzənd nˈaɪn, hɪstˈoːɹiən dʒˈɛnɪfɚ bˈɜːnz aɪdˈɛntᵻfˌaɪd "ɐn ɛksplˈoʊʒən ʌv skˈɑːlɚʃˌɪp" sˈɪns tˈuː θˈaʊzənd, ɔːlðˈoʊ æz ʌv ðæt jˈɪɹ, fjˈuː jˌuːnɪvˈɜːsᵻɾiz ɪŋklˈuːdᵻd ɹˈænd ɔːɹ ɑːbdʒˈɛktɪvˌɪzəm æz ɐ fˌɪləsˈɑːfɪkəl spˈɛʃəlɾi ɔːɹ ɹᵻsˈɜːtʃ ˈɛɹiə.