For example, a criminal defendant may be convicted in state court, and lose on "direct appeal" to higher state appellate courts, and if unsuccessful, mount a "collateral" action such as filing for a writ of habeas corpus in the federal courts.
fɔːɹ ɛɡzˈæmpəl, ɐ kɹˈɪmɪnəl dᵻfˈɛndənt mˈeɪ biː kənvˈɪktᵻd ɪn stˈeɪt kˈoːɹt, ænd lˈuːz ˈɔn "dᵻɹˈɛkt ɐpˈiːl" tə hˈaɪɚ stˈeɪt ɐpˈɛlət kˈoːɹts, ænd ɪf ʌnsəksˈɛsfəl, mˈaʊnt ˈeɪ "kəlˈæɾɚɹəl" ˈækʃən sˈʌtʃ ɐz fˈaɪlɪŋ fɚɹɚ ɹˈɪt ʌv hˈeɪbiəz kˈɔːɹpəs ɪnðə fˈɛdɚɹəl kˈoːɹts.