In 1901, Catalan anarchist and free thinker Francisco Ferrer established the Escuela Moderna in Barcelona as an opposition to the established education system which was dictated largely by the Catholic Church.
ɪn nˈaɪntiːnhˈʌndɹɪd wˈʌn, kˈæɾɐlˌæn ˈænɑːɹkˌɪst ænd fɹˈiː θˈɪŋkɚ fɹænsˈɪskoʊ fˈɜːɹɚɹ ɪstˈæblɪʃt ðɪ ɛskwˈeɪlə mˈɑːdɚnə ɪn bˌɑːɹsɪlˈoʊnə æz ɐn ˌɑːpəzˈɪʃən tə ðɪ ɪstˈæblɪʃt ˌɛdʒuːkˈeɪʃən sˈɪstəm wˌɪtʃ wʌz dˈɪkteɪɾᵻd lˈɑːɹdʒli baɪ ðə kˈæθlɪk tʃˈɜːtʃ.