Linearly re-order the data so that -th observation is associated with a response  and factors  where  denotes the different factors and  is the total number of factors.
lˈɪnɪɹli ɹˌiːˈɔːɹdɚ ðə dˈeɪɾə sˌoʊ ðæt tˌiːˈeɪtʃ ɑːbzɚvˈeɪʃən ɪz ɐsˈoʊsɪˌeɪɾᵻd wɪð ɐ ɹᵻspˈɑːns ænd fˈæktɚz wˌɛɹ dᵻnˈoʊts ðə dˈɪfɹənt fˈæktɚz ænd ɪz ðə tˈoʊɾəl nˈʌmbɚɹ ʌv fˈæktɚz.