The family Plethodontidae is also found in Central America and South America north of the Amazon basin; South America was apparently invaded from Central America by about the start of the Miocene, 23 million years ago.
ðə fˈæmɪli plˈɛθədˌɔntɪdˌiː ɪz ˈɔːlsoʊ fˈaʊnd ɪn sˈɛntɹəl ɐmˈɛɹɪkə ænd sˈaʊθ ɐmˈɛɹɪkə nˈɔːɹθ ʌvðɪ ˈæmɐzˌɑːn bˈeɪsən; sˈaʊθ ɐmˈɛɹɪkə wʌz ɐpˈæɹəntli ɪnvˈeɪdᵻd fɹʌm sˈɛntɹəl ɐmˈɛɹɪkə baɪ ɐbˌaʊt ðə stˈɑːɹt ʌvðə mɪˈoʊsiːn, twˈɛnti θɹˈiː mˈɪliən jˈɪɹz ɐɡˈoʊ.