In surveys of U.S. scholars ranking presidents conducted since 1948, the top three presidents are Lincoln, Washington, and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, although the order varies.
ɪn sˈɜːveɪz ʌv jˈuː.ˈɛs. skˈɑːlɚz ɹˈæŋkɪŋ pɹˈɛzɪdənts kəndˈʌktᵻd sˈɪns nˈaɪntiːnhˈʌndɹɪd fˈoːɹɾi ˈeɪt, ðə tˈɑːp θɹˈiː pɹˈɛzɪdənts ɑːɹ lˈɪŋkən, wˈɑːʃɪŋtən, ænd fɹˈæŋklɪn dᵻlˈɑːnoʊ ɹˈoʊzəvˌɛlt, ɔːlðˈoʊ ðɪ ˈɔːɹdɚ vˈɛɹiz.