Until 2002, astronauts were sponsored and trained exclusively by governments, either by the military or by civilian space agencies.
ʌntˈɪl tˈuː θˈaʊzənd tˈuː, ˈæstɹənˌɔːts wɜː spˈɑːnsɚd ænd tɹˈeɪnd ɛksklˈuːsɪvli baɪ ɡˈʌvɚnmənts, ˈiːðɚ baɪ ðə mˈɪlətˌɛɹi ɔːɹ baɪ sɪvˈɪliən spˈeɪs ˈeɪdʒənsiz.