By convention, an astronaut employed by the Russian Federal Space Agency (or its predecessor, the Soviet space program) is called a cosmonaut in English texts.
baɪ kənvˈɛnʃən, ɐn ˈæstɹənˌɔːt ɛmplˈɔɪd baɪ ðə ɹˈʌʃən fˈɛdɚɹəl spˈeɪs ˈeɪdʒənsi ɔːɹ ɪts pɹˈɛdᵻsˌɛsɚ, ðə sˈoʊviət spˈeɪs pɹˈoʊɡɹæm ɪz kˈɔːld ɐ kˈɑːzmənˌɔːt ɪn ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ tˈɛksts.