Locational surnames arose when former inhabitants of a place moved to another town or area and were identified by the name of their birthplace.
loʊkˈeɪʃənəl sˈɜːneɪmz ɚɹˈoʊz wɛn fˈɔːɹmɚɹ ɪnhˈæbɪtənts əvə plˈeɪs mˈuːvd tʊ ɐnˈʌðɚ tˈaʊn ɔːɹ ˈɛɹiə ænd wɜːɹ aɪdˈɛntᵻfˌaɪd baɪ ðə nˈeɪm ʌv ðɛɹ bˈɜːθpleɪs.