By contrast, at the circuit-level, models parameterize the effects  in terms of terminal voltages and empirical scattering parameters.
baɪ kˈɑːntɹæst, æt ðə sˈɜːkɪtlˈɛvəl, mˈɑːdəlz pˌæɹəmˈɛɾɚɹˌaɪz ðɪ ɪfˈɛkts ɪn tˈɜːmz ʌv tˈɜːmɪnəl vˈoʊltɪdʒᵻz ænd ɛmpˈɪɹɪkəl skˈæɾɚɹɪŋ pɚɹˈæmɪɾɚz.