hiː tɹˈeɪnd ɪn sˌoʊsɪˈɑːlədʒi æt ðə jˌuːnɪvˈɜːsᵻɾi ʌv ʃᵻkˈɑːɡoʊ, wˌɛɹ hiː stˈʌdid wɪð dˈeɪvɪd ɹˈiːsmən ænd ˈɛvɚɹɪt hjˈuːz, ɐmˌʌŋ ˈʌðɚz, ænd ɪn sˈoʊʃəl plˈænɪŋ æt ðə jˌuːnɪvˈɜːsᵻɾi ʌv pˌɛnsɪlvˈeɪniə, wˌɛɹ hɪz dɪsɚtˈeɪʃən wʌz sˈuːpɚvˌaɪzd baɪ mˈɑːɹtɪn mˈeɪɚsən.
He trained in sociology at the University of Chicago, where he studied with David Riesman and Everett Hughes, among others, and in social planning at the University of Pennsylvania, where his dissertation was supervised by Martin Meyerson.