ɪf ɐ ɹˈʌf fˈɪlm, sˈʌtʃ ɐz mətˈælɪk nˌænoʊɹˈɑːdz, ɪz dɪzˈaɪɚd sˈʌbstɹeɪt kˈuːlɪŋ wɪð wˈɔːɾɚ ɔːɹ lˈɪkwɪd nˈaɪtɹədʒən mˈeɪ biː ɛmplˈɔɪd tə ɹᵻdˈuːs dᵻfjˈuːʒən lˈaɪftaɪm, pˈɑːzᵻtˌɪvli bˈoʊlstɚɹɪŋ sˈɜːfɪs kᵻnˈɛɾɪk bˈæɹɪɹz.
If a rough film, such as metallic nanorods, is desired substrate cooling with water or liquid nitrogen may be employed to reduce diffusion lifetime, positively bolstering surface kinetic barriers.