ðiːz θɹˈiː stˈʌdz wɜː jˈuːzd ɪn lˈeɪɾɚ bɹˈiːdɪŋ pɹˈoʊɡɹæmz; ðɛɹ pɹˈɑːdʒəni ɑːɹ ðˈʌs ðɪ ˈænsɛstɚz ʌv ˈɔːl mˈɑːdɚn dʒˈɜːmən ʃˈɛpɚd dˈɑːɡz.
These three studs were used in later breeding programs; their progeny are thus the ancestors of all modern German Shepherd Dogs.