ɪn mˈeɪ wˈʌn θˈaʊzənd ˈeɪthˈʌndɹɪd ˈeɪt ðɪ ˌoʊvɚθɹˈoʊ ʌv tʃˈɑːɹlz ɹˌoʊmən fˈoːɹ ænd fˈɜːdɪnˌænd ɹˌoʊmən sˈɛvən, ðɛɹ ɹᵻplˈeɪsmənt baɪ dʒˈoʊsəf bˈɑːnɐpˌɑːɹt ænd ðə stˈɑːɹt ʌvðə pənˈɪnsjʊlɚ wˈɔːɹ plˈʌndʒd ðɪ ˈɛmpaɪɚɹ ˌɪntʊ ɐ stˈeɪt ʌv ˌædʒɪtˈeɪʃən.
In May 1808 the overthrow of Charles IV and Ferdinand VII, their replacement by Joseph Bonaparte and the start of the Peninsular War plunged the empire into a state of agitation.