ɐkˈoːɹdɪŋ tə pˈaɪəɾɚ skˈuːlwɚθ, hˌuː wʌz ɪnvˈɑːlvd ɪnðə sˈiːn dˈʊɹɹɪŋ nˈaɪntiːnhˈʌndɹɪd ˈeɪɾi z, kˈoʊldweɪv ˈɑːɹɾɪsts ænd kɐsˈɛt lˈeɪbəlz kəmjˈuːnᵻkˌeɪɾᵻd θɹuː ɐn ˈʌndɚɡɹˌaʊnd kɐsˈɛt kˈʌltʃɚ; ɐlˈeɪn nˈɛfs ɪnsˈeɪn mjˈuːzɪk lˈeɪbəl ɪn bˈɛldʒəm wʌz hˈɛvili ˈæktɪv ɪn jˌʊɹɹəpˈiən kɐsˈɛt kˈʌltʃɚ.
According to Pieter Schoolwerth, who was involved in the scene during 1980s, coldwave artists and cassette labels communicated through an underground cassette culture; Alain Neffe's Insane Music label in Belgium was heavily active in European cassette culture.