ðə lˈeɪt vˈɛdɪk hˈɪmz hæd bɪɡˈʌn ɪŋkwˈaɪɚɹɪŋ ðə nˈeɪtʃɚɹ ʌv tɹˈuː ænd vˈælɪd nˈɑːlɪdʒ, ɛmpˈɪɹɪkəl vˌɛɹɪfɪkˈeɪʃən ænd ˈæbsəlˌuːt ɹɪˈælᵻɾi.
The late Vedic hymns had begun inquiring the nature of true and valid knowledge, empirical verification and absolute reality.