ðə fˈɜːst ˈɛɹiə—stˈɛmɪŋ fɹʌm hɪz nˈaɪntiːnhˈʌndɹɪd ˈeɪɾi ˈɑːksfɚd dˈɑːktɚɹˌeɪt—wʌz hˌaʊ tə ɹˈaɪt dˌaʊn mˌæθɪmˈæɾɪkəl mˈɑːdəlz ʌv tɹˈeɪd jˈuːniən bᵻhˈeɪvjɚ.
The first area—stemming from his 1980 Oxford doctorate—was how to write down mathematical models of trade union behaviour.