ˈɛpɪdʒˌuːɹəl ˌænɪsθˈiːʒə hˈæzbiːn dˈɛmənstɹˌeɪɾᵻd təbi ɪfˈɛktɪv ɪn ɹᵻdˈuːsɪŋ ˌeɪdˈiː ɪn wˈɪmɪn ɪn lˈeɪbɚ, ðˌoʊ ðɛɹ ɪz lˈɛs ˈɛvɪdəns fɔːɹ ɪts jˈuːs ɪn ɹᵻdˈuːsɪŋ ˌeɪdˈiː dˈʊɹɹɪŋ dʒˈɛnɚɹəl sˈɜːdʒɪkəl pɹəsˈiːdʒɚz.
Epidural anesthesia has been demonstrated to be effective in reducing AD in women in labor, though there is less evidence for its use in reducing AD during general surgical procedures.