ɐ kəmˈɪɾᵻd ɹᵻpˈʌblɪkən, bɑːɹθˈɑːləmjˌuː wʌz sˈɛntɹəl tə dɪvˈɛləpɪŋ ɐ θˈiəɹi fɚðə pɹˈæktɪsᵻz ʌv nˈɔːɹðɚn ɪtˈæliən ɹᵻpˈʌblɪkənˌɪzəm ænd wʌzðə fˈɜːst ɹˈaɪɾɚ tə kəmpˈɛɹ ˈæɹɪstˌɑːɾəlz ɛɡzˈæmpəlz ʌv mˈɪkst kˌɑːnstɪtˈuːʃənz spˈɑːɹɾə, kɹˈiːt, ænd kˈɑːɹθɪdʒ wɪððə ɹˈoʊmən ɹᵻpˈʌblɪk, ðɪ ˈeɪntʃənt hˈiːbɹuː pˈɑːlᵻɾi, ðə tʃˈɜːtʃ, ænd mˈɛdɪˌiːvəl kˈɑːmjuːnz, jˈɛt hiː ɹᵻmˈeɪnd ɐ stˈɔːntʃ dᵻfˈɛndɚɹ ʌvðɪ ˈæbsəlˌuːt sˈɛkjʊlɚ ænd spˈɪɹɪtʃˌuːəl mˈɑːnɚki ʌvðə pˈoʊp.
A committed republican, Bartholomew was central to developing a theory for the practices of Northern Italian republicanism and was the first writer to compare Aristotle's examples of mixed constitutions - Sparta, Crete, and Carthage - with the Roman Republic, the ancient Hebrew polity, the Church, and medieval communes, yet he remained a staunch defender of the absolute secular and spiritual monarchy of the pope.