ɪf ðə tɹænsmˈɪʃən kˌoʊɪfˈɪʃənt ɪz mˈʌtʃ lˈɛs ðɐn wˈʌn, ɪt kæn biː ɐpɹˈɑːksɪmˌeɪɾᵻd wɪððə fˈɑːloʊɪŋ fˈɔːɹmjʊlə:
If the transmission coefficient is much less than 1, it can be approximated with the following formula: