hɪz ɹˈaɪɾɪŋz lˈæmbæstᵻd ðə fˈeɪlɪɹz ʌv juːkɹˈeɪniənz tʊ ɐtʃˈiːv ˌɪndᵻpˈɛndəns ɪn nˈaɪntiːnhˈʌndɹɪd sˈɛvəntˌiːn dˈæʃ nˈaɪntiːnhˈʌndɹɪd twˈɛnti wˈʌn, ɹˈɪdɪkjˌuːld juːkɹˈeɪniən fˈɪɡjɚz fɹʌm ðæt ˈiəɹə, ænd pɹəpˈoʊzd ɐ nˈuː "nˈæʃənəlˌɪzəm ʌvðə dˈiːd" ænd ɐ juːnˈaɪɾᵻd "nˈæʃənəl wˈɪl" ɪnwˌɪtʃ vˈaɪələns wʌzɐ nˈɛsᵻsɚɹi ˈɪnstɹəmənt tʊ ˌoʊvɚθɹˈoʊ ðɪ ˈoʊld ˈɔːɹdɚ.
His writings lambasted the failures of Ukrainians to achieve independence in 1917-1921, ridiculed Ukrainian figures from that era, and proposed a new "nationalism of the deed" and a united "national will" in which violence was a necessary instrument to overthrow the old order.