spˈɜːd baɪ ðiːz ɑːbzɚvˈeɪʃənz, sˈʌbsᵻkwənt ɪnvˌɛstɪɡˈeɪʃənz fˈoʊkəst ɔnðə kˈɛmɪkəl pɹˈɑːpɚɾiz ænd æsˈɪdᵻɾi ʌv kənstˈɪtʃuːənts ʌvðə ɹᵻmˈeɪnz ʌv fˈuːdz kəmbˈʌstᵻd ɪn ɐ bˈɑːm kˌæloːɹˈɪmᵻɾɚ, dᵻskɹˈaɪbd æz ˈæʃ.
Spurred by these observations, subsequent investigations focused on the chemical properties and acidity of constituents of the remains of foods combusted in a bomb calorimeter, described as ash.