ðɛɹˌɑːɹ ʌv kˈoːɹs ˈɔːlsoʊ ˈɪʃuːz ʌv ɹᵻlˌaɪəbˈɪlᵻɾi ˌɛndʒɪnˈɪɹɪŋ—fɔːɹ ɛɡzˈæmpəl, ɪlˌɛktɹoʊstˈæɾɪk dɪstʃˈɑːɹdʒ ˌiːˌɛsdˈiː pɹətˈɛkʃən sˈɜːkɪts ænd dɪvˈaɪsᵻz—wˌɛɹ sˈʌbstɹeɪt ænd pˌæɹəsˈɪɾɪk dɪvˈaɪsᵻz ɑːɹ ʌv pˈɪvəɾəl ɪmpˈoːɹtəns.
There are of course also issues of reliability engineering—for example, electro-static discharge (ESD) protection circuits and devices—where substrate and parasitic devices are of pivotal importance.