dˈʊɹɹɪŋ ðə kˈoʊld wˈɔːɹ ðə ɹˈɑːkɚ pˈɑːpjʊlɚɹˌaɪzd ðə tˈɜːm ɪnðə lˈæɾɚ sˈɛns, fˈɜːst wɪðˌɪn ðə ɹˈʌʃən daɪˈæspɚɹə, ænd ðˈɛn ɪnðə jˌuːˌɛsˌɛsˈɑːɹ baɪ sˈɛndɪŋ ɪlˈiːɡəl lˈɪɾɚɹᵻtʃɚ ðˈɛɹ.
During the Cold War the ROCOR popularized the term in the latter sense, first within the Russian diaspora, and then in the USSR by sending illegal literature there.