ðə fɪlˈɑːsəfi ɪz pɚtˈɪkjʊlɚli ɐsˈoʊsɪˌeɪɾᵻd wɪððə fɹˈɛntʃ, dˈuː tʊ ɪts ɐdˈɑːpʃən baɪ nˈɑːɛl də kˈæstɪlnˌaʊ ɪnðə fˈɜːst bˈæɾəl ʌv ʃæmpˈeɪn nˈaɪntiːnhˈʌndɹɪd fˈoːɹtiːn, ænd baɪ ɹˈɑːbɚt nɪvˈɛl ɪnðə nɪvˈɛl əfˈɛnsɪv nˈaɪntiːnhˈʌndɹɪd sˈɛvəntˌiːn.
The philosophy is particularly associated with the French, due to its adoption by Noël de Castelnau in the First Battle of Champagne (1914), and by Robert Nivelle in the Nivelle offensive (1917).