hɪz bˈʊk dˈɑːɹk kˈɑːntɪnənt: jˈʊɹɹəps twˈɛntiəθ sˈɛntʃɚɹi ˈɑːɹɡjuːd ðætðə tɹˈaɪʌmf ʌv dᵻmˈɑːkɹəsi ɪn jˈʊɹɹəp wʌz nˌɑːt ɪnˈɛvᵻɾəbəl bˌʌt ɹˈæðɚ ðə ɹɪzˈʌlt ʌv tʃˈæns ænd pəlˈɪɾɪkəl ˈeɪdʒənsi ɔnðə pˈɑːɹt ʌv sˈɪɾɪzənz, sˈʌbdʒɛkts ænd lˈiːdɚz.
His book Dark Continent: Europe's Twentieth Century argued that the triumph of democracy in Europe was not inevitable but rather the result of chance and political agency on the part of citizens, subjects and leaders.