ðə dɪvˈɛləpmənt ʌv mˈɛɾəlwˌɜːkɪŋ, fˈɜːst ɪn kˈɑːpɚ ænd lˈeɪɾɚɹ ɪn bɹˈɑːnz, ˈaɪɚn, ænd stˈiːl, pɹədˈuːst tədˈeɪz dˈʊɹɹəbəl tˈuːlz, ɪŋklˈuːdɪŋ sˈʌtʃ ɪfˈɪʃənt kˈʌɾɪŋ tˈuːlz æz pɹˈuːnɪŋ ʃˈɪɹz sˌɛkɐtˈʊɹz fɔːɹ ɛɡzˈæmpəl ˈænvəl prjˈuːnɚz, ɡɹˈæs ʃˈɪɹz, ænd lˈɑːpɚz.
The development of metalworking, first in copper and later in bronze, iron, and steel, produced today's durable tools, including such efficient cutting tools as  pruning shears (secateurs – for example anvil pruners), grass shears, and loppers.