Vertigo (gastropod)
Vertigo is a genus of minute, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs or micromollusks in the family Vertiginidae, the whorl snails.

Distribution 
The distribution of the genus Vertigo includes Europe, northern Asia, eastern Asia, Japan, Central and North America, Caribbean and the Bermudas.

Shell description
In this genus, the shell is deeply rimate and ovate. The apex is acuminate and obtuse. The shell has 5–6 whorls. The last whorl is rounded. The aperture is semioval with 4 to 7 folds. The peristome is scarcely expanded and white-lipped.

Anatomy
Snails in the genus Vertigo have no oral tentacles, thus they have only one pair of tentacles.

The jaw is arched; the ends squarely truncated; the anterior surface striate; the cutting edge with a median projection. The radula has a central tooth that is almost square, tricuspid, as large as or larger than the lateral teeth, which are similar, narrower, and bi- or tricuspid. The marginal teeth are low, wide and serrated.

Synonyms
 Alaea Jeffreys, 1830
 Angustella Steklov, 1967 (invalid: junior homonym of Angustella Waagen, 1907 [Bivalvia])
 Dexiogyra Stabile, 1864
 Glacivertigo Balashov, 2016
 Haplopupa Pilsbry, 1898
 Helix (Isthmia) Gray, 1821 (original name)
 Isthmia Gray, 1821
  Ptychalaea O. Boettger, 1889 (junior synonym)
 Pupa (Isthmia) Gray, 1821
 Pupa (Vertigo) O.F. Müller, 1773 (considered a separate genus)
 Ungulidenta Popova & Schileyko, 1981 (junior synonym)
 Vertigo (Alaea) Jeffreys, 1830· accepted, alternate representation
 Vertigo (Alloptyx) Pilsbry, 1953 (junior synonym)
 Vertigo (Angustula) Sterki, 1888 (junior synonym)
 Vertigo (Boreovertigo) Nekola, Chiba, Coles, Drost, Proschwitz & Horsák, 2018· accepted, alternate representation
 Vertigo (Isthmia) Gray, 1821· accepted, alternate representation
 Vertigo (Nearctula) Sterki, 1892· accepted, alternate representation
 Vertigo (Ptychalaea) O. Boettger, 1889 (junior synonym)
 Vertigo (Vertigo) O. F. Müller, 1773· accepted, alternate representation
 Vertigo (Vertilla) Moquin-Tandon, 1856· accepted, alternate representation
 Vertigo (Vertillaria) Pilsbry, 1919

Species

Species in the genus Vertigo include:

subgenus Vertigo O. F. Müller, 1774
 Vertigo alpestris Alder, 1838 – tundra vertigo
 Vertigo antipygmaea Harzhauser & Neubauer, 2018 
 Vertigo antivertigo (Draparnaud, 1801)
 Vertigo arctica (Wallenberg, 1858)
 Vertigo arthuri Von Martens, 1882
 Vertigo beringia Nekola, Chiba, Coles, Drost, Proschwitz & Horsák, 2018
 Vertigo bicolumellata Steklov in Steklov & Tsytovich, 1967 
 Vertigo bollesiana (Morse, 1865) – Delicate vertigo snail
 Vertigo callosa Reuss in Reuss & Meyer, 1849 
 Vertigo chytryi Nekola, Chiba, Coles, Drost, Proschwitz & Horsák, 2018
 Vertigo clementina (Sterki, 1890)
 Vertigo concinnula (Roscoe and Roscoe, 1955) – Mitered vertigo
 Vertigo consteniusi Pierce in Pierce & Constenius, 2001 
 Vertigo diversidens (Sandberger, 1872)
 Vertigo doliara Pierce in Pierce & Constenius, 2001 
 Vertigo elatior (Brooks, 1936) – tapered vertigo
 Vertigo extima (Westerlund, 1877)
 Vertigo flexidens (Reuss, 1861) 
 Vertigo genesii (Gredler, 1856) – Round-mouthed Whorl Snail
 Vertigo geyeri Lindholm, 1925
 Vertigo gouldii (Binney, 1843)
 Vertigo hauchecornei Klebs, 1886 
 Vertigo heldi Clessin, 1877
 Vertigo interferens (Deshayes, 1863) 
 Vertigo kodamai Nekola, Chiba, Coles, Drost, Proschwitz & Horsák, 2018
 Vertigo kroloppi Schlickum & Strauch, 1979 
 Vertigo kuenowii Klebs, 1886
 Vertigo lilljeborgi (Westerlund, 1871)
 Vertigo micra Pierce in Pierce & Constenius, 2001 
 Vertigo milium (Gould, 1840) – Blade Vertigo
 Vertigo milleri Gottschick & Wenz, 1919
 Vertigo minor O. Boettger, 1870 
 Vertigo modesta (Say, 1824) – cross vertigo
 Vertigo moedlingensis Wenz & Edlauer, 1942 
 Vertigo moulinsiana (Dupuy, 1849) – Desmoulin's whorl snail
 Vertigo mystica (Stworzewicz & Pokryszko, 2015) 
 Vertigo nangaparbatensis Pokryszko & Hlaváč, 2009
 Vertigo nitidula (Mousson, 1876)
 Vertigo nouleti Michaud, 1862 
 Vertigo nylanderi Sterki, 1909
 Vertigo ocsensis (Halaváts, 1903) 
 Vertigo oecsensis (Halaváts, 1903) 
 Vertigo oscariana Sterki, 1890
 Vertigo ovata (Say, 1822) – ovate vertigo
 Vertigo ovatula (Sandberger, 1875) 
 Vertigo pageti Schlickum & Strauch, 1979 
 Vertigo palangula (De Boissy, 1848) 
 Vertigo paradoxa Sterki in Pilsbry, 1900
 Vertigo praecoquis Russell, 1956
 Vertigo protracta (Sandberger, 1875) 
 Vertigo pseudosubstriata Ložek, 1954
 Vertigo pusilla O. F. Müller, 1774 – type species
 Vertigo pygmaea (Draparnaud, 1801) – crested vertigo
 Vertigo ronnebyensis (Westerlund, 1871)
 Vertigo shimochii Kuroda & Amano, 1960
 Vertigo sieversi (O. Boettger, 1879)
 Vertigo substriata (Jeffreys, 1833)
 Vertigo superstriata Pokryszko & Auffenberg, 2009
 Vertigo tembrockae Schlickum & Strauch, 1979 
 Vertigo trolli Wenz in K. Fischer & Wenz, 1914
 Vertigo tuchoricensis Pilsbry in Pilsbry & C. M. Cooke, 1919 
 Vertigo ventricosa (E. S. Morse, 1865)
 Vertigo vracevicensis Neubauer & Harzhauser in Neubauer et al., 2017 
 Vertigo whitei Pierce in Pierce & Rasmussen, 1992

subgenus Vertilla Moquin-Tandon, 1856
 Vertigo angustior Jeffreys, 1830 – Narrow-mouthed Whorl Snail

subgenus ?
 Vertigo alabamensis G. Clapp, 1915 – Alabama Vertigo
 Vertigo conecuhensis G. Clapp, 1915
 Vertigo cubana Crosse, 1890
 Vertigo eogea
 Vertigo eogea stagnalis
 Vertigo hachijoensis
 Vertigo hebardi Vanetta, 1912
 Vertigo hirasei
 Vertigo hubrichti Pilsbry, 1934
 Vertigo japonica
 Vertigo kushiroensis Pilsbry & Y. Hirase, 1905
 Vertigo kushiroensis botanicorum Horsak & Pokryszko, 2010
 Vertigo marciae Nekola & Rosenberg, 2013
 Vertigo meramecensis Van Devender, 1979
 Vertigo neglecta Arango in Poey, 1856
 Vertigo oralis Sterki, 1890 – Palmetto Vertigo
 Vertigo oscariana Sterki, 1890 – Capital Vertigo
 Vertigo occulta Vanetta, 1912
 Vertigo parcedentata (Braun, 1847)
 Vertigo rugosula Sterki, 1890 – Striate Vertigo
 Vertigo teskeyae Hubricht, 1961 – Swamp Vertigo
 Vertigo torrei Aguayo & Jaume, 1934
 Vertigo ultimathule Proschwitz, 2007

References
This article incorporates public domain text from reference.

Further reading
 Speight M. C. D., Moorkens E. A. & Falkner G. (2003). Proceedings of the workshop on conservation biology of European Vertigo species.
 Myzyk S. (2005). "Egg structure of some vertiginid species (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Vertiginidae)". Folia Malacologica 13: 169. (open access with registration required)

External links

 gallery of selected Vertigo species
 https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id2689