The fruit of discussions begun in 2008 and conducted throughout the global economic and financial crisis, the ‘Euro-plus pact’ approved at the 24/25 March European Council aims to provide a collective guarantee for the stability of the Eurozone. However, it will not be fully functional until the Commission, the EU Parliament and member states have established a multi-year plan for the reduction of national deficits, and this will also have to be accompanied by structural reforms to facilitate economic growth.
The pact and the European Stability Mechanism will do much to safeguard the future of the euro, but sustainability of the single currency is not in itself a guarantee of economic growth. And this was one of the key points made by a recent letter signed by nine mostly non-Eurozone states, which calls on Council President Herman Van Rompuy and Commission President José Manuel Barroso to explore and identify new directions for sustainable post-crisis strategy. In particular, the signatories affirm that in the current era of globalisation, the EU should maintain its focus on issues of competitiveness, and also take into account the specific interests of individual member states.
The package of economic measures discussed in Brussels was also the subject of intense debate in Eastern and Central Europe, where it met with a mixed response. Romanian and Bulgarian leaders have justified adhering to the terms of the pact as part of their overall drive to join the Eurozone. At the same time, Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán has affirmed that Hungary has opted not to join in the wake of consultations with the country’s opposition. In the Czech Republic, the government’s decision not to adhere to the pact, on the basis that it may have a negative economic and financial impact, has been criticised by the opposition which claims that Prague is excluding itself from the future of the EU.
In its conclusions, the Council argued that the emphasis on competitiveness and convergence will revitalise the "social market economy" of the EU, and this commitment will go hand in hand with a drive to involve a full range social partners in the development and support for structural reforms that will help achieve these goals.
“Nothing new under the sun” concludes the columnist Joaquín Estefanía, summarising in El Paísthe outcome of the European Council of 24 and 25 March in Brussels. In economic terms, it boils down to the expected Euro Plus Pact, which replaces the Competitiveness Pact and supplements the Stability and Growth Pact. “The European economy and its timid advances, based more on controlling spending than on harmonising government revenue, hews to German logic”, writes Estefanía, adding that the 17 euro countries for whom the “architecture of economic governance is mandatory” have been voluntarily joined by six countries: Poland, Denmark, Bulgaria, Romania and Latvia. “Berlin has reopened a kind of 'Checkpoint Charlie' to allow movement in one direction, from one zone to another, for those who aspire to work with the single currency and under the labour market rules and financial constraints imposed by the most powerful (and most dynamic) country of the Old Continent.” The economic governance package “is largely designed to give Germany's Chancellor Angela Merkel political cover for extending her country's financial support for the bailout fund,” weighs in the Irish Times for its part.
Les sommets européens organisés depuis le début de la crise grecque n’ont pas empêché l’Europe de s’enfoncer dans la récession et la crise politique, et celui qui s'ouvre le 24 mars ne changera rien, écrit La Tribune. Une seule alternative s’impose : alléger le fardeau des pays surendettés ou organiser leur sortie de l’euro.
Les Vingt-Sept se réunissent pour un Conseil européen principalement consacré à la “réponse intégrée” de l’Union à la crise de la zone euro — à commencer par le Pacte pour l’euro. Mais la presse européenne regrette le report des discussions sur la réforme du Fonds européen de stabilisation financière et la naissance d’une Europe à deux vitesses.
Paralysie politique à Bruxelles, resserrement monétaire imposées par la BCE, hausse des taux sur les obligations portugaises, irlandaises et grecques : le sommet du 11 mars sur les moyens d’endiguer la crise économique dans la zone euro s'ouvre sous de mauvais auspices.
