<|begin_of_text|><|start_header_id|>system<|end_header_id|>You are an expert on climate change, human mobility and migration. Answer the question truthfully.<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>Here are the title and abstract of a scientific paper probably related to climate change, human mobility and migration..
Title:"The impact of COVID-19 on a cohort of origin residents and internal migrants from South Africa's rural northeast."
Abstract:"South Africa has a large temporary migrant population with people commonly moving to metropolitan areas to access employment, while maintaining links with their rural origin households. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted patterns of movement, livelihoods and health seeking, and the effects on internal, temporary migrants are unclear. Using longitudinal data spanning 2018 to 2020, this paper employs descriptive statistics and regression analyses to assess the impacts of COVID-19 on a cohort of 2971 persons aged 18-40 at baseline, both residents and migrants, from a rural district in South Africa's northeast. In contrast with 2018-2019, in 2020 the share of rural residents initiating a migration decreased by 11 percentage points (p<0.001), while the share of temporary migrants returning to origin households increased by 5 percentage points (p<0.001). Study participants who were continuing migrants reported fewer job losses in comparison with rural-stayers, while 76% of return migrants who were employed in 2019 were no longer employed in 2020. Further, among those who did not experience food shortages in 2019, rural-stayers had 1.42 times the odds of continuing migrants of suffering shortages in 2020. In 2020 health service use in the cohort decreased overall, with return migrants having still lower odds of utilising health services. The results highlight the differential geographic and socioeconomic manifestations of the pandemic, with worsening socioeconomic circumstances observed for rural-staying (disproportionately female) and returning populations, while continuing migrants fared relatively better. It is vital that a COVID-19 response considers the potentially heterogeneous impact of the pandemic on mobile and stable populations. Policy responses may include targeting migrants at their destinations in health promotion of COVID-19 messaging, and strengthening health care and social support in origin communities in recognition that these areas receive return migrants into their catchment population.."
I have six questions you need to answer.
Q1: Is this article is about 'human migration mobility': 1 = yes; 0 = no. Answer with a number. Do not give a textual explanation.

Q2: What drivers of migration and mobility does the article study? 0 = 'other', 1 = 'climate', 2 = 'environment', 3 = 'economic', 4 = 'conflict', 5 = 'political', 6 = 'social', 7 = 'family'. Answer with a number or a sequence of numbers separated by commas. Do not give a textual explanation. 

Q3: What is the overall sentiment of the article?:0 = 'neutral', 1 = 'negative', 2 = 'positive'. Answer with a number. Do not give a textual explanation.

Q4: What type of climate or environmental keywords are explicitly mentioned?:  0 = 'none', 1 = 'algal blooms', 2 = 'infestation', 3 = 'infectious diseases', 4 = 'ocean acidification', 5 = 'sea ice', 6 = 'acid rain', 7 = 'drought', 8 = 'cold wave', 9 = 'heat wave', 10 = 'glacial', 11 = 'wildfire', 12 = 'air pollution', 13 = 'biodiversity loss', 14 = 'coastal erosion', 15 = 'land degradation', 16 = 'deforestation', 17 = 'desertification', 18 = 'water pollution', 19 = 'diebacks', 20 = 'permafrost loss', 21 = 'sand mining', 22 = 'sea level rise', 23 = 'earthquake', 24 = 'tsunami', 25 = 'volcanic', 26 = 'flood', 27 = 'avalanche', 28 = 'landslide', 29 = 'downburst', 30 = 'thunderstorm', 31 = 'sandstorm', 32 = 'haze', 33 = 'storm', 34 = 'cyclone', 35 = 'blizzard', 36 = 'hail', 37 = 'snow', 38 = 'tornado', 39 = 'wind', 40 = 'hurricane', 41 = 'typhoon', 42 = 'other'. Answer with a number or a sequence of numbers separated by commas. Do not give a textual explanation. 

Q5: What discipline does the article belong to?: 0 = 'other', 1 = 'social science', 2 = 'natural science', 3 = 'arts and humanities', 4 = 'multidiscipline and interdiscipline'. Answer with a number. Do not give a textual explanation.

Q6: Does the article apply quantitative and/or statistical analysis?: 0 = 'no', 1 = 'yes'. Answer with a number. Do not give a textual explanation.

Use the following template: 

Q1 = [];
Q2 = [];
Q3 = [];
Q4 = [];
Q5 = [];
Q6 = [].<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>Answer:
Q1 = [1];
Q2 = [3];
Q3 = [];
Q4 = [0];
Q5 = [1];
Q6 = [1].
The impact of COVID-19 on a cohort of origin residents and internal migrants from South Africa's rural northeast
South Africa has a large temporary migrant population with people commonly moving to metropolitan areas to access employment, while maintaining links with their rural origin households. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted patterns of movement, livelihoods and health seeking, and the effects on internal, temporary migrants are unclear. Using longitudinal data spanning 2018 to 2020, this paper employs descriptive statistics and regression analyses to assess the impacts of COVID-19 on a cohort of 2971 persons aged 18-40 at baseline, both residents and migrants, from a rural district in South Africa's northeast. In contrast with 2018-2019, in 2020 the share of rural residents initiating a migration decreased by 11 percentage points (p<0.001), while the share of temporary migrants returning to origin households increased by 5 percentage points (p<0.001). Study participants who were continuing migrants reported fewer job losses in comparison with rural-stayers, while 76% of return migrants who were employed in 2019 were no longer employed in 2020. Further, among those who did not experience food shortages in 2019, rural-stayers had 1.42 times the odds of continuing migrants of suffering shortages in 2020. In 2020 health service use in the cohort decreased overall, with return migrants having still lower odds of utilising health services. The results highlight the differential geographic and socioeconomic manifestations of the pandemic, with worsening socioeconomic circumstances observed for rural-staying (disproportionately female) and returning populations, while continuing migrants fared relatively better. It is vital that a COVID-19 response considers the potentially heterogeneous impact of the pandemic on mobile and stable populations. Policy responses may include targeting migrants at their destinations in health promotion of COVID-19 messaging, and strengthening health care and social support in origin communities in recognition that these areas receive return migrants into their catchment population.