The easiest thing to do when these problems crop up is to bundle the underlying code into a “leaf node”. Recall the example graph from Figure 3? Conceptually, we may agree that the submodule should be treated as a node in itself rather than a set of nodes representing the underlying operations. If we do so, we can redraw the graph as:



        Figure 5: The individual operations within `submodule` may (left - within red box), may be consolidated into one node (right - node #2) if we consider the `submodule` as a "leaf" node.
