During the entire Restauración period Navarre was divided into 5 electoral districts, territorially roughly corresponding to the existing judicial districts;[REF] 4 of them (Estella, Aoiz, Tafalla and Tudela) were categorized as "distritos rurales" with one mandate each, and 1 (Pamplona) enjoyed the status of a "circunscripción" with 3 mandates available.
Spanish elections of the Restauración are marked by 2 distinct features: turnismo and caciquismo.