Burbage stands on a watershed at the eastern end of the Vale of Pewsey, with streams to the east draining to the Thames via the Dun and Kennet; to the south draining to the Salisbury Avon via the River Bourne; and to the north and west direct to the Avon.
The village High Street was the main north-south road from Marlborough to Andover, now the A346 primary route, until a bypass was built to the west in 1991.