Laryngeal hyperresponsiveness is considered the most likely physiologic cause of VCD, brought on by a range of different triggers that cause inflammation and/or irritation of the larynx (voice box) [REF].
VCD has also been associated with certain neurologic diseases including Arnold-Chiari malformation, cerebral aqueduct stenosis, cortical or upper motor neuron injury (such as that resulting from stroke), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), parkinsonism syndromes and other movement disorders [REF].