However, Dorota Dolovai sees a direct borrowing problematic from phonological perspective[REF] and also András Róna-Tas says that the omission of the vowel u during the procedure (župan>špan>išpan) suggests an intermediate (non-Slavic) language [REF].
The term župan was first recorded in the charter of foundation of the Kremsmünster Abbey as the title of an Avar dignitary [REF].