Nordre Land is bordered on the north by the municipalities of Nord-Aurdal and Gausdal, on the northeast by Lillehammer, on the east by Gjøvik, on the south by Søndre Land, on the southwest by Sør-Aurdal, and on the west by Etnedal.
The river Etna flows from Etnedal and through western parts of the municipality down into the Randsfjorden.