The catacomb is especially renown for the most famous martyr buried in it, Pancras from Phrygia, who came to Rome together with his uncle Dionysus after his parents' death and was decapitated in 304 after refusing to sacrifice to the gods.
The ancient sources, particularly the Medieval itineraries for pilgrims, mention other martyrs buried within the catacomb: Artemy, Paulinus, Sophia and her three daughters Faith, Hope and Charity.