Although punk rock was a significant social and musical phenomenon, it achieved less in the way of record sales,[REF] or American radio airplay (as the radio scene continued to be dominated by mainstream formats such as disco and album-oriented rock) [REF].
In the late 1980s metal fragmented into several subgenres, including thrash metal, which developed in the US from the style known as speed metal, under the influence of hardcore punk, with low-register guitar riffs typically overlaid by shredding leads [REF].