In The Political Economy of Peer Production[REF] Bauwens regards p2p phenomena as an emerging alternative to Capitalism, although he argues that "Peer production is highly dependent on the market for peer production produces use-value through mostly immaterial production, without directly providing an income for its producers."[REF]
This idea is explored also in the essay Peer to Peer and Human Evolution that expands the P2P meme beyond computer technology.