The field of quantum technology was first outlined in a 1997 book by Gerard J. Milburn,[REF] which was then followed by a 2003 article by Jonathan P. Dowling and Gerard J. Milburn,[REF][REF] as well as a 2003 article by David Deutsch [REF].
The European Commission responded to that manifesto with the Quantum Technology Flagship, a €1 Billion, 10-year-long megaproject, similar in size to earlier European Future and Emerging Technologies Flagship projects such as the Graphene Flagship and Human Brain Project.