Dicynodonts first appear during Middle Permian, and underwent a rapid evolutionary radiation, becoming the most successful and abundant land vertebrates of the Late Permian.
Only four lineages are known to have survived the end of Permian extinction; the first three represented with a single genus each; Myosaurus, Kombuisia and Lystrosaurus, the latter being the most common and widespread herbivores of the Induan (earliest Triassic).