Arnold's philosophy of design was first formulated and taught in "Creative Engineering" courses at MIT in the 1951-52 school year [REF].
The Arcturus setting required the Mechanical Engineering students to set aside personal experience and assumptions to understand and design for the needs of beings very different from themselves-"the inhabitants were a bird-like race that breathed methane, had three eyes (one X-ray) three fingers and very low sales resistance."[REF]