Irrigation of the plain of Comtat Venaissin by channel of Carpentras and the installation of the railroad, with the line Avignon/Carpentras made it possible Monteux to develop an intensive agricultural activity related to the truck farming and fruit-bearing arboriculture.
The name of the commune is attested as of the 12th century in the form of ' ' of Montilis' ' (1188) like ' ' Montilium' ' or ' ' Monticulus' '.