AeroVironment, Inc., then led by Paul B. MacCready (Gossamer Albatross) developed in the mid-1980s, for the Smithsonian Institution, a half-scale radio-controlled replica of the giant pterosaur, Quetzalcoatlus northropi.
In 2002, Krister Wolff and Peter Nordin of Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden, built a flapping-wing robot that learned flight techniques [REF].