Residential school deaths were not uncommon and have been linked to the persistence of poorly constructed and maintained facilities [REF].
In 1909, Bryce reported that, between 1894 and 1908, mortality rates at some residential schools in western Canada ranged from 30% to 60% over five years (that is, five years after entry, 30% to 60% of students had died, or 6-12% per annum) [REF].