At the beginning of the nineteenth century there were a few thousand "sick people" housed in a variety of disparate institutions throughout England, but by 1900 that figure had grown to about 100,000.
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, terms such as "madness," "lunacy" or "insanity"-all of which assumed a unitary psychosis-were split into numerous "mental diseases," of which catatonia, melancholia and dementia praecox (modern day schizophrenia) were the most common in psychiatric institutions [REF].