On November 14, 2008, Keyes filed a lawsuit-naming as defendants California Secretary of State Deborah Bowen, President-elect Barack Obama, Vice President-elect Joe Biden, and California's 55 Democratic electors[REF][REF]-challenging Obama's eligibility for the U.S. Presidency.
Following the inauguration, Keyes alleged that President Obama had not been constitutionally inaugurated, refused to call him president, and called him a "usurper" and a "radical communist" [REF].