The Italo-Turkish War of 1911-1912 and the Balkan Wars of 1912-1913 proved disastrous for the Ottoman Empire.
In 1915 at the Battle of Gallipoli, the British, French and ANZAC fleets failed to pass through the Dardanelles Strait (Çanakkale Boğazı) thanks to the heavy Turkish fortifications lining the Strait, mining by Turkish minelayers like Nusret, and fierce fighting by the Turkish soldiers on land, sea and air [REF].