In the 16th-century, the principal lady-in-waiting in the courts of the Habsburg governors of the Netherlands, Margaret of Austria and Mary of Hungary (governor of the Netherlands), was named hofmesterees ('Court mistress') or dame d'honneur [REF].
The principal female office holder in the royal court of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the 19th-century was named Grootmeesteres ('Grand Mistress') [REF].