The State of Udaipur was bounded by Surguja State and Jashpur State on its northern side, on the east by Gangpur State and the British Ranchi district, on the south by Raigarh State and on the west by the British Bilaspur district of the Central Provinces.
The state was mostly covered by forested hills of sandstone with carboniferous strata, but the extensive coalfields were not exploited.