The park harbors at least seven endemic insects: the Great Sand Dunes tiger beetle, a circus beetle, Werner's ant-like flower beetle, Triplehorn's ant-like flower beetle, an undescribed species of clown beetle, an undescribed species of noctuid moth, and an undescribed species of robber fly [REF].
Over 200 species of birds are found in the park, such as the brown-capped rosy finch, red-breasted nuthatch, mountain bluebird, ptarmigan, peregrine falcon, burrowing owl, northern pygmy owl, bald eagle, golden eagle, hummingbird, and great blue heron [REF].