Around 1930, Allama Mashriqi, a charismatic Muslim intellectual whom some considered to be of anarchist persuasion,[REF] revisited the principles for self-reform and self-conduct that he had laid out in his 1924 treatise, entitled Tazkira.
Adopting the language of revolution,[REF] Mashriqi began recruiting followers to his cause in his village of Ichhra near Lahore.