Karawang Regency and Purwakarta Regency to the east, and Serang Regency and Serang city to the west, all outside of Jabodetabek, where both contiguous (with DKI Jakarta) and non-contiguous (spotty) urban build-up has occurred surrounding intercity rail lines and large highways (especially Pantura) into Jakarta and the continuous evolution.
Fast growth of Bandung Metropolitan Area and a corridor of mushrooming population between the close metropolitan areas.