In 1905, Schaudinn and Hoffmann discovered Treponema pallidum in tissue of patients with syphilis [REF].
While working at the Rockefeller University (then called the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research) in 1913, Hideyo Noguchi, a Japanese scientist, demonstrated the presence of the spirochete Treponema pallidum in the brain of a progressive paralysis patient, associating Treponema pallidum with neurosyphilis [REF].