A specimen of Monticolomys koopmani was captured in 1929 during the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Américaine to Madagascar, but the rodents obtained by the expedition were never studied in detail.
The indigenous rodents of Madagascar, the Nesomyinae, prior to the discovery of Monticolomys comprised seven very distinctive genera-so distinct from each other that some have found it difficult to accept that they are closely related [REF].