Orbital pseudotumor has also been observed in association with Crohn's disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus, myasthenia gravis, and ankylosing spondylitis all of which strengthen the basis of IOI being an immune-mediated disease.
Although these mechanisms have been postulated as possible causes of IOI, their exact nature and relationships to the condition still remain unclear [REF].