It has also had a key influence in the Bush administration's energy policy, including on the Kyoto Protocol,[REF] supported by both $55m spent on lobbying since 1999,[REF] and direct contacts between the company and leading politicians.
According to a 2004 study commissioned by Friends of the Earth, ExxonMobil and its predecessors caused 4.7 to 5.3 percent of the world's man-made carbon dioxide emissions between 1882 and 2002.