The first attempt to model the distribution of galaxies with a fractal pattern was made by Luciano Pietronero and his team in 1987,[REF] and a more detailed view of the universe's large-scale structure emerged over the following decade, as the number of cataloged galaxies grew larger.
In 2013, astronomers discovered a large quasar group (LQG) that is 1.6 billion light-years in diameter, far larger than allowed by the cosmological principle, which asserts that the universe should be homogeneous at scales this large [REF].