An early exploration in 1993-1994 of VRT[REF] was done by Ralph Lamson[REF] a USC graduate then at Kaiser Permanente Psychiatry Group.
In 2005, Skip Rizzo of USC's Institute for Creative Technologies, with research funding from the Office of Naval Research (ONR),[REF] started validating a tool he created using assets from the game Full Spectrum Warrior for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder.