According to the 2013-14 World Islamic Banking Competitiveness Report, Qatar, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, United Arab Emirates and Turkey represented 78% of the international Islamic banking assets (excluding Iran) in 2012, and along with Bahrain are "the driving factors behind the next big wave in Islamic finance" [REF].
a. certifying financial instruments for their compliance with the Shariah; b. verifying transactions for compliance with the Shariah; c. calculating zakah payable by Islamic financial institutions; d. disposing of non-shariah-compliant income; e. advising on the distribution of income among investors and shareholders [REF].