Tony thinks that the painting in Melfi's waiting room is a Horshack test, confusing the Rorschach inkblot test with Arnold Horshack, a character from the TV series Welcome Back, Kotter.
Ariel the Hassidic Jew who resists Silvio and Tony's intimidation and torture mentions Shlomo the king and the historic Siege of Masada where Jews chose suicide instead of defeat against the Romans.