Subcellular findings in murine studies with induced T. cruzi infection revealed that the chronic state is associated with the persistent elevation of phosphorylated (activated) extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK), AP-1, and NF-κB.
Another conduction abnormality presented with chronic Chagas' disease is a change in ventricular repolarization, which is represented on an electrocardiogram as the T-wave.