Mathis Gothart-Neithart, a German artist known as "Grünewald" (1480-1528) depicted "intense emotion, especially painful emotion".
In the mid-18th century, Giovanni Battista Piranesi, an Italian etcher, archaeologist and architect active from 1740, did imaginary etchings of prisons that depicted people "stretched on racks or trapped like rats in maze-like dungeons", an "aestheticization of violence and suffering" [REF].