In 1947, when India attained independence, Periyar called for members of the Dravidar Kazhagam to boycott the celebrations [REF].
Although initially both DK and DMK sought an independent Dravida Nadu, DK later moved on to work on bringing social changes whereas DMK leaders such as C. N. Annadurai and E. V. K. Sampath endeavoured to achieve their goals through parliamentary election processes [REF].