Portland, Oregon, and Milwaukee, Wisconsin, executed freeway removal projects that reduced traffic citation needed, spurred economic development, and allowed for the creation of new neighborhoods and commercial districts.
After acute damage to San Francisco's double-decked Embarcadero Freeway during the Loma Prieta earthquake in 1989, it was demolished several years later[REF] and replaced by a boulevard flanked by the restored Beaux-Arts style Ferry Building [REF].