What constitutional amendment did Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections and Everson v. Board of Education apply
Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections, 383 U.S. 663 (1966) , was a case in which the U.S. Supreme Court found that Virginia's poll tax was unconstitutional under the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, eleven southern states established poll taxes as part of their disenfranchisement of most blacks and many poor whites. The Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution (1964) prohibited poll taxes in federal elections; five states continued to require poll taxes for voters in state elections. By this ruling, the Supreme Court banned the use of poll taxes in state elections.
Pollock v. Farmers' Loan &amp; Trust Co. Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Company, 157 U.S. 429 (1895) , "affirmed on rehearing", 158 U.S. 601 (1895) , with a ruling of 5–4, was a landmark case in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the unapportioned income taxes on interest, dividends and rents imposed by the Income Tax Act of 1894 were, in effect, direct taxes, and were unconstitutional because they violated the provision that direct taxes be apportioned. The decision was superseded in 1913 by the Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. A separate holding regarding the taxation of interest income on certain bonds was overruled by the Supreme Court in 1988 in the case of "South Carolina v. Baker".