Who ordered Jewish people to be sent to Nazi concentration camps as described in the book The Lost Childhood, in March 1933?
The Lost Childhood (Yehuda Nir) The Lost Childhood is a memoir written by Holocaust survivor Yehuda Nir. Born in 1930, Nir was only nine years old when his father was killed by German soldiers in a mass execution of Jewish men from his hometown, Lwow, in 1941. The story is based on the cunning survival of Nir, his mother and his older sister Lala during six years of his life throughout World War II. With the aid of false documents, a family's will to survive, and despite his loss of innocence, his family managed to escape the cruelty of Nazi concentration camps and potential execution. He and his family "hid" in the open, pretending to be people they were not (Poles), practicing a faith that they did not believe in (Catholicism), and working tireless jobs (for German employers in occupied Warsaw), struggling to conceal the pain they felt when their people were murdered before their eyes; and fearful of being identified. Amidst all the turmoil was a boy trying to make sense of his world, his body, and his place as a human being on Earth.
Antisemitism in contemporary Austria Evidences for the presence of Jewish communities in the geographical area today covered by Austria can be traced back to the 12th century. In 1848 Jews were granted civil rights and the right to establish an autonomous religious community, but full citizenship rights were given only in 1867. In an atmosphere of economic, religious and social freedom, the Jewish population grew from 6,000 in 1860 to almost 185,000 in 1938. In March 1938, Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany and thousands of Austrians and Austrian Jews who opposed Nazi rule were sent to concentration camps. Of the 65,000 Viennese Jews deported to concentration camps, only about 2,000 survived, while around 800 survived World War II in hiding.