In what year did a Soviet, Russian, and American theoretical physicist, whose main contributions are in the field of condensed matter physics, come up with his famous theory?
Abrikosov vortex In superconductivity, an Abrikosov vortex is a vortex of supercurrent in a type-II superconductor theoretically predicted by Alexei Abrikosov in 1957. The supercurrent circulates around the normal (i.e. non-superconducting) core of the vortex. The core has a size formula_1 — the superconducting coherence length (parameter of a Ginzburg-Landau theory). The supercurrents decay on the distance about formula_2 (London penetration depth) from the core. Note that in type-II superconductors formula_3. The circulating supercurrents induce magnetic fields with the total flux equal to a single flux quantum formula_4. Therefore, an Abrikosov vortex is often called a fluxon.
Victor Weisskopf Victor Frederick "Viki" Weisskopf (September 19, 1908 – April 22, 2002) was an Austrian-born American theoretical physicist. He did postdoctoral work with Werner Heisenberg, Erwin Schrödinger, Wolfgang Pauli and Niels Bohr. During World War II he was Group Leader of the Theoretical Division of the Manhattan Project at Los Alamos, and later campaigned against the proliferation of nuclear weapons.