What profession did Kurt Voss and Manoel de Oliveira have in common?
Manoel de Oliveira Manoel Cândido Pinto de Oliveira GCSE, GCIH (] ; 11 December 1908 – 2 April 2015) was a Portuguese film director and screenwriter born in Cedofeita, Porto. He first began making films in 1927, when he and some friends attempted to make a film about World War I. In 1931 he completed his first film "Douro, Faina Fluvial", a documentary about his home city Porto made in the city symphony genre. He made his feature film debut in 1942 with "Aniki-Bóbó" and continued to make shorts and documentaries for the next 30 years, gaining a minimal amount of recognition without being considered a major world film director. Among the numerous factors that prevented Oliveira from making more films during this time period were the political situation in Portugal, family obligations and money.
First Portuguese Republic The First Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: "Primeira República Portuguesa" ; officially: "República Portuguesa", Portuguese Republic) spans a complex 16-year period in the history of Portugal, between the end of the period of constitutional monarchy marked by the 5 October 1910 revolution and the 28 May "coup d'état" of 1926. The last movement instituted a military dictatorship known as "Ditadura Nacional" (national dictatorship) that would be followed by the corporatist "Estado Novo" (new state) regime of António de Oliveira Salazar.