Newton's law of universal gravitation states that a particle attracts every other particle in the universe using a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers, when Newton's book was presented in 1686 to the Royal Society, which English natural philosopher, architect and polymath, made a claim that Newton had obtained the inverse square law from him?
Newton's law of universal gravitation Newton's law of universal gravitation states that a particle attracts every other particle in the universe using a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers. This is a general physical law derived from empirical observations by what Isaac Newton called inductive reasoning. It is a part of classical mechanics and was formulated in Newton's work "Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica" ("the "Principia""), first published on 5 July 1687. (When Newton's book was presented in 1686 to the Royal Society, Robert Hooke made a claim that Newton had obtained the inverse square law from him; see the History section below.)
Speed of light The speed of light in vacuum, commonly denoted c , is a universal physical constant important in many areas of physics. Its exact value is (approximately , or 186,282 mi/s); it is exact because the unit of length, the metre, is defined from this constant and the international standard for time. According to special relativity, "c" is the maximum speed at which all conventional matter and hence all known forms of information in the universe can travel. It is the speed at which all massless particles and changes of the associated fields (including light, a type of electromagnetic radiation, and gravitational waves) travel in vacuum. Such particles and waves travel at "c" regardless of the motion of the source or the inertial reference frame of the observer. In the theory of relativity, "c" interrelates space and time, and also appears in the famous equation of mass–energy equivalence "E" = "mc" .