ar
stringlengths
1
490
en
stringlengths
1
514
ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒู†ุช ุฃุฏุฑุณ ุงู„ุญุจ ุงู„ุฑูˆู…ุงู†ุณูŠ ูˆุงู„ุฌู†ุณ ูˆุงู„ุชุนู„ู‚ ู„ 30 ุณู†ุฉ.
I've been studying romantic love and sex and attachment for 30 years.
ูˆุฃู†ุง ุชูˆุฃู… ู…ุชุทุงุจู‚. ูˆุฃู†ุง ู…ู‡ุชู…ุฉ ุจู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู†ุญู† ู…ุชุดุงู‡ุจูˆู† ุฌู…ูŠุนุงู‹.
I'm an identical twin; I am interested in why we're all alike.
ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุฃู†ุช ูˆุฃู†ุง ู…ุดุชุงุจู‡ูŠู†ุŒ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุงู„ุนุฑุงู‚ูŠูˆู† ูˆุงู„ูŠุงุจุงู†ูŠูˆู† ูˆุณูƒุงู† ุงุณุชุฑุงู„ูŠุง ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠูŠู† ูˆุดุนุจ ู†ู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงุฒูˆู† ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡ูˆู†.
Why you and I are alike, why the Iraqis and the Japanese and the Australian Aborigines and the people of the Amazon River are all alike.
ูˆู‚ุจู„ ุณู†ุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ุŒ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ูˆุงุนุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุฑู†ุชุŒ Match.comุŒ ุฌุงุกูˆู†ูŠ ูˆุทู„ุจูˆุง ู…ู†ูŠ ุชุตู…ูŠู… ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ูˆุงุนุฏุฉ ู„ู‡ู….
And about a year ago, an Internet dating service, Match.com, came to me and asked me if I would design a new dating site for them.
ูˆู‚ุฏ ู‚ู„ุชุŒ " ุฃู†ุง ู„ุง ุฃุนุฑู ุฃูŠ ุดุฆ ุนู† ุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ. ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŸ
I said, "I don't know anything about personality. You know?
ู„ุง ุฃุนุฑู. ู‡ู„ ุชุนุชู‚ุฏูˆู† ุฃู†ูƒู… ูˆุตู„ุชู… ู„ู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุŸ"
I don't know. Do you think you've got the right person?"
ู‚ุงู„ูˆุงุŒ " ู†ุนู…."
They said, "Yes."
ุญุถู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู„ู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ุญูˆู„ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุชู‚ุน ููŠ ุญุจ ุดุฎุต ู…ุง ุจุฏู„ุงู‹ ุนู† ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ.
It got me thinking about why it is that you fall in love with one person rather than another.
ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุดุฑูˆุนูŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠ. ูˆุณูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒุชุงุจูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู….
That's my current project; it will be my next book.
ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูƒู„ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู‚ุน ุจู‡ุง ููŠ ุญุจ ุดุฎุต ู…ุง ุจุฏู„ุงู‹ ุนู† ุขุฎุฑ.
There's all kinds of reasons that you fall in love with one person rather than another.
ุงู„ุชูˆู‚ูŠุช ู…ู‡ู…. ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุฑุจ ู…ู‡ู….
Timing is important. Proximity is important.
ุงู„ุบู…ูˆุถ ู…ู‡ู…. ุฃู†ุช ุชู‚ุน ููŠ ุญุจ ุดุฎุต ู…ุง ุบุงู…ุถ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุงุŒ ููŠ ุฌุฒุก ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุบู…ูˆุถ ูŠุฑูุน ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุฌุญ ูŠุฏูุนูƒ ู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู„ู„ูˆู‚ูˆุน ููŠ ุงู„ุญุจ.
Mystery is important. You fall in love with somebody who's somewhat mysterious, in part because mystery elevates dopamine in the brain, probably pushes you over that threshold to fall in love.
ุฃู†ุช ุชู‚ุน ููŠ ุงู„ุญุจ ู…ุน ุดุฎุต ู…ุง ูŠุชู†ุงุณุจ ู…ุน ู…ุง ุฃุณู…ูŠู‡ "ุฎุงุฑุทุฉ ุงู„ุญุจ ุฎุงุตุชูƒุŒ" ูˆุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงูˆุงุนูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุตูุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุจู†ุชู‡ุง ุงู„ุทููˆู„ุฉ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุชุฑุนุฑุนุช.
You fall in love with somebody who fits within what I call your "love map," an unconscious list of traits that you build in childhood as you grow up.
ูˆุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุฃู†ูƒ ุชุตุจุญ-- ู…ู†ุฌุฐุจ ู„ุฃู†ุงุณ ู…ุญุฏุฏูŠู†ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ู…ุน ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุชูƒู…ูŠู„ ู„ู„ุฃู†ุธู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบูŠุฉ.
And I also think that you gravitate to certain people, actually, with somewhat complementary brain systems.
ูˆุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู… ุจุงู„ู…ุณุงู‡ู…ุฉ ุจู‡.
And that's what I'm now contributing to this.
ู„ูƒู†ูŠ ุฃุฑุบุจ ููŠ ุฅุฎุจุงุฑูƒู… ุจู‚ุตุฉ ุญูˆู„ -- ู„ู„ุชูˆุถูŠุญ.
But I want to tell you a story, to illustrate.
ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒู†ุช ุฃุนู…ู„ ููŠ ุจูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ุงู„ุญุจ.
I've been carrying on here about the biology of love.
ูˆุงุฑุฏุช ุฃู† ุงุนุฑุถ ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุญูˆู„ ุซู‚ุงูุชู‡ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹-- ุงู„ุณุญุฑ ุงู„ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ ุจู‡.
I wanted to show you a little bit about the culture of it, too, the magic of it.
ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู‚ุตุฉ ู‚ุตู‘ู‡ุง ู„ูŠ ุดุฎุต ู…ุง ุณู…ุนู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฃุญุฏ -- ู…ุฑุฌุญ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู‚ุตุฉ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ.
It's a story that was told to me by somebody who had heard it just from one -- probably a true story.
ูƒุงู†ุช ุทุงู„ุจุฉ ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุนู„ูŠุง -- ููŠ ุฑูˆุชุฌุฑุฒ ูˆุฒู…ูŠู„ุงุชูŠ ุงู„ุฃุซู†ูŠู† -- ุขุฑุช ุขุฑูˆู† ููŠ ุณูˆู†ูŠ ุณุชูˆู†ูŠ ุจุฑูˆูƒ.
It was a graduate student -- I'm at Rutgers and my two colleagues -- Art Aron is at SUNY Stony Brook.
ุฐู„ูƒ ุญูŠุซ ูˆุถุนู†ุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ููŠ ุขู„ุฉ ุชุตูˆูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฑู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุบู†ุทูŠุณูŠ.
That's where we put our people in the MRI machine.
ูˆุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุทุงู„ุจ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุญุจ ุดุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู…ุน ุทุงู„ุจุฉ ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุนู„ูŠุง ุขุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ูˆู„ู… ุชูƒู† ู‡ูŠ ุชุญุจู‡.
And this graduate student was madly in love with another graduate student, and she was not in love with him.
ูˆู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ููŠ ู…ุคุชู…ุฑ ููŠ ุจูƒูŠู†
And they were all at a conference in Beijing.
ูˆู‚ุฏ ุนุฑู ู…ู† ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ุฃู†ูƒ ุฅู† ู‚ู…ุช ุจุนู…ู„ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฃู„ูˆู ุจุดุฏุฉ ู…ุน ุดุฎุต ุขุฎุฑุŒ ูุฃู†ูƒ ุชุถุฎ ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎ. ูˆุฑุจู…ุง ูŠุฌุฑ ุฐู„ูƒ ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ู…ุฎ ู„ู„ุญุจ ุงู„ุฑูˆู…ุงู†ุณูŠ. ู„ุฐุง ูู‚ุฏ ู‚ุฑุฑ ุชูˆุธูŠู ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุŒ
And he knew from our work that if you go and do something very novel with somebody, you can drive up the dopamine in the brain, and perhaps trigger this brain system for romantic love. So he decided he'd put science to work.
ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฏุนู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูุชุงุฉ ู„ู„ุฑูƒูˆุจ ู…ุนู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซูŠุฉ.
And he invited this girl to go off on a rickshaw ride with him.
ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุคูƒุฏ ุชู…ุงู…ุงู‹ -- ู„ู… ุฃุฑูƒุจู‡ุงุŒ ู„ูƒู† ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุฐู‡ุจ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุจุงุตุงุช ูˆุงู„ุดุงุญู†ุงุช ูˆุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุฌู†ูˆู†ูŠ ูˆู…ุฒุนุฌ ูˆู…ุซูŠุฑ.
And sure enough -- I've never been in one, but apparently they go all around the buses and the trucks and it's crazy and it's noisy and it's exciting.
ูˆู‚ุฏ ุนุฑู ุฃู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุณูŠุฏูุน ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู…ูŠู† ู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ุŒ ูˆุฃู†ู‡ุง ุณุชู‚ุน ููŠ ุญุจู‡.
He figured that this would drive up the dopamine, and she'd fall in love with him.
ูˆุจูŠู†ู…ุง ู‡ู… ูŠุณูŠุฑูˆู† ุชู‚ูˆู… ู‡ูŠ ุจุงู„ุฃู†ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู…ูŠู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุถุญูƒูˆุง ูˆุฃู…ุถูˆุง ูˆู‚ุชุงู‹ ู…ุฏู‡ุดุงู‹.
So off they go and she's squealing and squeezing him and laughing and having a wonderful time.
ูˆุจุนุฏ ุณุงุนุฉ ู†ุฒู„ูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซูŠุฉุŒ ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุฑูุน ูŠุฏูŠู‡ุง ุนุงู„ูŠุงู‹ ูˆุชู‚ูˆู„ุŒ " ุฃู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุฑุงุฆุนุงู‹ุŸ"
An hour later they get down off of the rickshaw, and she throws her hands up and she says, "Wasn't that wonderful?"
ูˆ " ุฃู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ุณุงุฆู‚ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุฌุฉ ุฐู„ูƒ ูˆุณูŠู…ุงู‹!"
And, "Wasn't that rickshaw driver handsome!"
ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุญุฑ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ุญุจ!
There's magic to love!
ู„ูƒู†ูŠ ุณุฃุฎุชู… ุจุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ู„ุงูŠูŠู† ุงู„ุณูŠู†ูŠู† ุŒ ู„ู‚ุฏ ุทูˆุฑู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฏูˆุงูุน ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซ: ุงู„ุฏุงูุน ุงู„ุฌู†ุณูŠุŒ ุงู„ุญุจ ุงู„ุฑูˆู…ุงู†ุณูŠ ูˆุงู„ุชุนู„ู‚ ู…ุน ุดุฑูŠูƒ ู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ.
But I will end by saying that millions of years ago, we evolved three basic drives: the sex drive, romantic love and attachment to a long-term partner.
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฏูˆุงุฆุฑ ู…ุชุถู…ู†ุฉ ุจุนู…ู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠ.
These circuits are deeply embedded in the human brain.
ูˆุณุชุธู„ ุญูŠุฉ ูƒู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุทุงู„ู…ุง ุธู„ู‘ุช ุงู„ูƒุงุฆู†ุงุช ุญูŠุฉ ููŠ ู…ุง ุฃุณู…ุงู‡ ุดูƒุณุจูŠุฑ " ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู„ู ุงู„ู…ู…ูŠุช."
They're going to survive as long as our species survives on what Shakespeare called "this mortal coil."
ุดูƒุฑุงู‹ ู„ูƒู….
Thank you. Chris Anderson: Helen Fisher!
ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดูˆู‚ ุฃู† ุฃูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ู…ุคุชู…ุฑ ุชู… ุชูƒุฑูŠุณู‡ ู„ู€ "ุงู„ู…ู„ู‡ู…ูˆู† ุจุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ".. ู„ูƒู… ุฃู† ุชุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง.
It is a thrill to be here at a conference that's devoted to "Inspired by Nature" -- you can imagine.
ูˆุฃู†ุง ู…ุชุดูˆู‚ุฉ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ู„ูƒูˆู†ูŠ ููŠ ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู…ู„ุงุทูุฉ.
And I'm also thrilled to be in the foreplay section.
ู‡ู„ ู„ุงุญุธุชู… ุจุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุณู… ู„ู„ู…ู„ุงุทูุฉุŸ
Did you notice this section is foreplay?
ู„ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุณุฃุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุฅุญุฏู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ุงุช ุงู„ู…ูุถู„ุฉ ู„ุฏูŠุŒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุทุงุฆุฑ ุงู„ุบุทุงุณ. ุฃู†ุช ู„ู… ุชุญูŠู‰ ุจุนุฏ ุฅุฐุง ู„ู… ุชุฑู‰ ูŠูˆู…ุงู‹ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุทูŠูˆุฑ ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุฑู‚ุตุฉ ุงู„ู…ุบุงุฒู„ุฉ.
Because I get to talk about one of my favorite critters, which is the Western Grebe. You haven't lived until you've seen these guys do their courtship dance.
ูƒู†ุช ููŠ ุจุญูŠุฑุฉ ุจูˆู…ุงู† ููŠ ุญุฏูŠู‚ุฉ ุฌู„ุงุณูŠุฑ ุงู„ูˆุทู†ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุจุญูŠุฑุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ูˆู†ุญูŠู„ุฉ ูˆููŠู‡ุง ู†ูˆุน ู…ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุจุงู„ ุงู„ู…ู‚ู„ูˆุจุฉุŒ ูˆูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠ ุฃู†ุง ูˆู…ู† ูŠุฑุงูู‚ู†ูŠ ู‚ุงุฑุจ ุชุฌุฏูŠู.
I was on Bowman Lake in Glacier National Park, which is a long, skinny lake with sort of mountains upside down in it, and my partner and I have a rowing shell.
ูˆุฅุฐุงู‹ ูƒู†ุง ู†ุฌุฏูุŒ ูˆุฌุงุกุช ุฅุญุฏู‰ ุทูŠูˆุฑ ุงู„ุบุทุงุณ ุชู„ูƒ.
And so we were rowing, and one of these Western Grebes came along.
ูˆู…ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู† ุจู‡ ู„ุฑู‚ุตุฉ ุงู„ู…ุบุงุฒู„ุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ู…ุงุŒ ูŠุฐู‡ุจุงู† ุณูˆูŠุฉุŒ ู‡ู…ุง ุงู„ุงุซู†ุงู†ุŒ ุงู„ุฑููŠู‚ุงู†ุŒ ูˆูŠุจุฏุกุงู† ุจุงู„ุฌุฑูŠ ุชุญุช ุงู„ู…ุงุก.
And what they do for their courtship dance is, they go together, the two of them, the two mates, and they begin to run underwater.
ูŠุฌุฑูŠุงู† ุจุณุฑุนุฉุŒ ูุฃุณุฑุนุŒ ูุฃุณุฑุนุŒ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ูŠุตู„ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุณุฑุนุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุจุญูŠุซ ูŠุฑุชูุนุงู† ุญุฑููŠุงู‹ ุฅู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู…ุงุกุŒ ูˆูŠู‚ูุงู† ู…ุณุชู‚ูŠู…ูŠู†ุŒ ูƒู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุฌุฐูŠู ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู…ุงุก.
They paddle faster, and faster, and faster, until they're going so fast that they literally lift up out of the water, and they're standing upright, sort of paddling the top of the water.
ูˆุฃุชุช ุฅุญุฏู‰ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุทูŠูˆุฑ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ุฌุฐู.
And one of these Grebes came along while we were rowing.
ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุง ููŠ ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฉุŒ ูˆูƒู†ุง ู†ุชุญุฑูƒ ูุนู„ุงู‹ุŒ ูุนู„ุงู‹ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ.
And so we're in a skull, and we're moving really, really quickly.
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุทุงุฆุฑุŒ ุฃุชูˆู‚ุนุŒ ู†ูˆุนุงู‹ ู…ุงุŒ ุฃุฎุทุฃู†ุง ู„ุชุญู‚ูŠู‚ ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ุŒ ูˆุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ุฌุฑูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุจู…ุญุงุฐุงุชู†ุงุŒ ููŠ ุฑู‚ุตุฉ ุงู„ู…ุบุงุฒู„ุฉ-- ู„ุฃู…ูŠุงู„.
And this Grebe, I think, sort of, mistaked us for a prospect, and started to run along the water next to us, in a courtship dance -- for miles.
ูƒุงู† ูŠู‚ูุŒ ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุฌุฑูŠุŒ ุซู… ูŠู‚ูุŒ ุซู… ูŠุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุฌุฏูŠุฏ.
It would stop, and then start, and then stop, and then start.
ูˆุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู„ุงุทูุฉ.
Now that is foreplay.
ุถุญูƒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹... ูƒู†ุช ุจุบุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุจ ู…ู† ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ูุตูŠู„ุชูŠ ููŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ.
I came this close to changing species at that moment.
ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃู† ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ุชุนู„ู…ู†ุง ุดูŠุฆุงู‹ ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุชุณู„ูŠุฉุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹. ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู„ุชุนู„ู…ู†ุง ุงูŠุงู‡.
Obviously, life can teach us something in the entertainment section. Life has a lot to teach us.
ู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ุฃูˆุฏ ุงู„ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ู‚ุฏ ุชุนู„ู…ู†ุง ุงูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู….
But what I'd like to talk about today is what life might teach us in technology and in design.
ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ุญุฏุซ ู…ู†ุฐ ุฃู† ู†ุดุฑ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ... ูƒุงู†ุช ุบุงู„ุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ุนู† ุงู„ุฃุจุญุงุซ ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูƒุงุฉ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ . ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ุญุฏุซ ู…ู†ุฐ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃู† ู…ุนู…ุงุฑูŠูŠู† ูˆู…ุตู…ู…ูŠู† ูˆู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠู†... ู‡ุคูˆู„ุงุก ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุตู†ุนูˆู† ุนุงู„ู…ู†ุง... ุจุฏุฃูˆุง ุจุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู„ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุงุŒ ู†ุฑูŠุฏ ุนุงู„ู… ุฃุญูŠุงุก ู„ูŠุฌู„ุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุทุงูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ู„ูŠุณุงุนุฏู†ุงุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ู†ุตุจุญ ู…ู„ู‡ู…ูŠู†.
What's happened since the book came out -- the book was mainly about research in biomimicry -- and what's happened since then is architects, designers, engineers -- people who make our world -- have started to call and say, we want a biologist to sit at the design table to help us, in real time, become inspired.
ุฃูˆ -ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ู…ุณู„ูŠ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูŠ- ู†ุฑูŠุฏูƒ ุฃู† ุชุฃุฎุฐูŠู†ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ. ุณู†ุฃุชูŠ ูˆู…ุนู†ุง ุชุญุฏู ููŠ ุชุตู…ูŠู… ูˆุณู†ุฌุฏ ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุตู„ ุงู„ุจุทูˆู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุฅู„ู‡ุงู…ู†ุง.
Or -- and this is the fun part for me -- we want you to take us out into the natural world. We'll come with a design challenge and we find the champion adapters in the natural world, who might inspire us.
ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุฌุฒุฑ ุฌุงู„ุงุจุงุฌุณ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจู‡ุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠ ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุตุฑู ุงู„ุตุญูŠุ› ุงู†ู‡ู… ูŠู†ู‚ูˆู† ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุนุงุฏู…ุฉ.
So this is a picture from a Galapagos trip that we took with some wastewater treatment engineers; they purify wastewater.
ูˆุจุนุถู‡ู… ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุดุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฑุถุฉ ู„ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ.
And some of them were very resistant, actually, to being there.
ูƒุงู† ู…ุง ู‚ุงู„ูˆู‡ ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ ู„ู‚ุฏ ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุจู…ุญุงูƒุงุฉ ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุณุจู‚ุงู‹.
What they said to us at first was, you know, we already do biomimicry.
ู†ุญู† ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ุชู†ู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡. ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ู†ุญู†ุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ุงู†ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท... ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ูŠุณ ุชู…ุงู…ุงู‹ ุฅู„ู‡ุงู…ุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ.
We use bacteria to clean our water. And we said, well, that's not exactly being inspired by nature.
ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุ› ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ุจู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุญูŠูˆูŠุฉ. ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ูƒุงุฆู† ุญูŠ ู„ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุตุฑู ุงู„ุตุญูŠ ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ู‡ูŠ ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉุŒ ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉ ุชุฏุนู‰ ุจ "ุงู„ุชู…ุฏู†."
That's bioprocessing, you know; that's bio-assisted technology: using an organism to do your wastewater treatment is an old, old technology called "domestication."
ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุชุนู„ู… ุดูŠุกุŒ ุชุนู„ู… ููƒุฑุฉุŒ ู…ู† ูƒุงุฆู† ุญูŠ ูˆู…ู† ุซู… ุชุทุจูŠู‚ู‡ุง.
This is learning something, learning an idea, from an organism and then applying it.
ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ ู„ู… ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู‚ุฏ ูู‡ู…ูˆุง ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุจุนุฏ.
And so they still weren't getting it.
ู„ุฐุง ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุงู„ู…ุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุงุทุฆ ูˆู‚ู„ุชุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ุฃุนุทู†ูŠ ุฅุญุฏู‰ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุงุช ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู„ุฏูŠูƒ. ุฃุนุทู†ูŠ ุชุญุฏู‘ู ููŠ ุชุตู…ูŠู…ุŒ ุถุนู ููŠ ุณุฑุนุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฏุงู…ุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู…ู†ุนูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุณุชุฏุงู…ุฉ.
So we went for a walk on the beach and I said, well, give me one of your big problems. Give me a design challenge, sustainability speed bump, that's keeping you from being sustainable.
ูˆู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุฌุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุชุฑุงูƒู… ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู† ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฃู†ุงุจูŠุจ.
And they said scaling, which is the build-up of minerals inside of pipes.
ูˆู‚ุงู„ูˆุงุŒ ุชุนู„ู…ูŠู† ุจุฃู† ู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ู‡ูˆุŒ ู…ุนุงุฏู†... ุชู…ุงู…ุงู‹ ูƒู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุจูŠุชูƒ... ุชุชุฑุงูƒู… ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู†.
And they said, you know what happens is, mineral -- just like at your house -- mineral builds up.
ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูŠู†ุณุฏ ุงู„ู…ู†ูุฐุŒ ูุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุบุณู„ ุงู„ุฃู†ุงุจูŠุจ ุจุงู„ุณู…ูˆู…ุŒ ุฃูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุญูุฑู‡ุง.
And then the aperture closes, and we have to flush the pipes with toxins, or we have to dig them up.
ู„ุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู„ุฅูŠู‚ุงู ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุฑุงูƒู…... ู„ุฐุง ุงู„ุชู‚ุทุช ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุฑ ู…ู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุงุทุฆ. ูˆุณุฃู„ุชู‡ู…ุŒ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุฑุงูƒู…ุŸ ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุจุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฃู†ุงุจูŠุจุŸ
So if we had some way to stop this scaling -- and so I picked up some shells on the beach. And I asked them, what is scaling? What's inside your pipes?
ูˆู‚ุงู„ูˆุงุŒ ูƒุฑุจูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ูƒุงู„ุณูŠูˆู….
And they said, calcium carbonate.
ูˆู‚ู„ุชุŒ ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุญุงุฑุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒุฑุจูˆู†ุงุช ูƒุงู„ุณูŠูˆู….
And I said, that's what this is; this is calcium carbonate.
ูˆู„ู… ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุนู„ู… ุจุฐู„ูƒ.
And they didn't know that.
ู„ู… ูŠุนู„ู…ูˆุง ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุฑ ุงู„ุจุญุฑูŠุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ู‚ุงู„ุจ ู…ู† ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุชุŒ ูˆุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฃูŠูˆู†ุงุช ู…ู† ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุจุญุฑ ุชุชุจู„ูˆุฑ ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ุงุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ู„ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงุฑุฉ.
They didn't know that what a seashell is, it's templated by proteins, and then ions from the seawater crystallize in place to create a shell.
ุฅุฐุงู‹ ู†ูุณ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉุŒ ุจุฏูˆู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุชุŒ ุชุญุฏุซ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุฃู†ุงุจูŠุจู‡ู…. ู„ู… ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ูŠุนู„ู…ูˆู† ุฐู„ูƒ.
So the same sort of a process, without the proteins, is happening on the inside of their pipes. They didn't know.
ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ุจุณุจุจ ู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุชุ› ุฅู†ู‡ ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุฏู…ุงุฌ.
This is not for lack of information; it's a lack of integration.
ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุตูˆู…ุนุฉุŒ ุฃู†ุงุณ ููŠ ุตูˆุงู…ุน. ู„ู… ูŠุนู„ู…ูˆุง ุจุฃู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ูƒุงู† ูŠุญุฏุซ. ู„ุฐุง ููƒุฑ ุจุฐู„ูƒ ุฃุญุฏู‡ู… ูˆู‚ุงู„ุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุชุจู„ูˆุฑ ูู‚ุท ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุญุฏุซ ุชู„ู‚ุงุฆูŠุงู‹ ููŠ ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุจุญุฑ -ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุฐุงุชูŠ- ุฅุฐุง ู„ู… ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุฑ ุจุญุฌู… ู„ุง ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠุŸ ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠูˆู‚ู ุงู„ุชุฑุงูƒู…ุŸ
You know, it's a silo, people in silos. They didn't know that the same thing was happening. So one of them thought about it and said, OK, well, if this is just crystallization that happens automatically out of seawater -- self-assembly -- then why aren't shells infinite in size? What stops the scaling?
ู„ู… ู„ุง ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุณุชู…ุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฑุงูƒู…ุŸ
Why don't they just keep on going?
ูˆู‚ู„ุช ุฃู†ุงุŒ ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŒ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชุฏุน ุงู„ุจุฑูˆ... ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู†ุถุญูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงู‹ ูˆุชุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ุชุจู„ูˆุฑ... ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ู…ุชูƒุฆุฉ ููŠ... ูŠุทู„ู‚ูˆู† ุตุฑุงุญ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠูˆู‚ู ุงู„ุชุจู„ูˆุฑ.
And I said, well, in the same way that they exude a protein and it starts the crystallization -- and then they all sort of leaned in -- they let go of a protein that stops the crystallization.
ุงู†ู‡ุง ุญุฑููŠุงู‹ ุชุถุงู ู„ู„ูˆุฌู‡ ุงู„ู†ุงู…ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑุฉ.
It literally adheres to the growing face of the crystal.
ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ู…ู†ุชุฌ ูŠุฏุนู‰ TPA ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุดุจู‡ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† -ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุงู„ุงูŠู‚ุงู- ูˆู‡ูŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุตุฏูŠู‚ุฉ ู„ู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ ู„ุฅูŠู‚ุงู ุงู„ุชุฑุงูƒู…ุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู†ุงุจูŠุจ.
And, in fact, there is a product called TPA that's mimicked that protein -- that stop-protein -- and it's an environmentally friendly way to stop scaling in pipes.
ุบูŠุฑ ุฐู„ูƒ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก. ู…ู†ุฐ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุชุŒ ู„ุง ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ุชุนูŠุฏ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฑุจ.
That changed everything. From then on, you could not get these engineers back in the boat.
ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู† ุจุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ุดูŠุงู‹ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ุฏุงู…ุŒ ูˆูƒุงู†ุชุŒ ุชูƒุŒ ุชูƒุŒ ุชูƒุŒ ุชูƒ. ุจุนุฏ 5 ุฏู‚ุงุฆู‚ ูŠุนูˆุฏูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฑุจ.
The first day they would take a hike, and it was, click, click, click, click. Five minutes later they were back in the boat.
ู„ู‚ุฏ ุงู†ุชู‡ูŠู†ุง. ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู† ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฑุฃูŠุช ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฌุฒูŠุฑุฉ.
We're done. You know, I've seen that island.
ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ูŠุฒุญููˆู† ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ูƒุงู†. ู„ู… ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ูŠุฃุฎุฐูˆู†... ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ูŠุณุชู…ุฑูˆู† ุจุงู„ุบุทุณ ู…ุง ุฏู…ู†ุง ู†ุณู…ุญ ู„ู‡ู… ุจุงู„ุบุทุณ.
After this, they were crawling all over. They would snorkel for as long as we would let them snorkel.
ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ุญุฏุซ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ุฃุฏุฑูƒูˆุง ุจุฃู†ู‡ ุชูˆุฌุฏ ูƒุงุฆู†ุงุช ุญูŠุฉ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ุฏ ู‚ุงู…ุช ู…ุณุจู‚ุงู‹ ุจุญู„ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ุถูˆุง ูุชุฑุฉ ุนู…ู„ู‡ู… ููŠ ู…ุญุงูˆู„ุฉ ุญู„ู‡ุง.
What had happened was that they realized that there were organisms out there that had already solved the problems that they had spent their careers trying to solve.
ุงู„ุชุนู„ู… ุนู† ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุดูŠุก ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุงู„ุชุนู„ู… ู…ู† ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ -- ุฐุงูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุญูˆู„.
Learning about the natural world is one thing; learning from the natural world -- that's the switch.
ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุนู…ูŠู‚.
That's the profound switch.
ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃุฏุฑูƒูˆู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุจุงุช ุนู† ุฃุณุฆู„ุชู‡ู… ุชูˆุฌุฏ ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ูƒุงู†ุ› ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ุนุฏุณุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฑุฃูˆุง ุจู‡ุง ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
What they realized was that the answers to their questions are everywhere; they just needed to change the lenses with which they saw the world.
3.8 ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑ ุณู†ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ู…ูŠุฏุงู†ูŠุฉ.
3.8 billion years of field-testing.
10 ุฅู„ู‰ 30... ูƒุฑูŠุบ ูู†ุชุฑ ุณูŠุฎุจุฑูƒู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุฌุญุ› ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุจุฃู†ู‡ ุชูˆุฌุฏ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† 30 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุญู„... ุญู„ูˆู„ ู…ู„ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุฌูŠุฏุงู‹.
10 to 30 -- Craig Venter will probably tell you; I think there's a lot more than 30 million -- well-adapted solutions.
ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุญู„ูˆู„ ุชู… ุญู„ู‡ุง ุถู…ู† ู…ุญูŠุท ู…ุนูŠู†.
The important thing for me is that these are solutions solved in context.
ูˆุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ู‡ูˆ ูƒูˆูƒุจ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ... ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุญู„ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ู†ุง ููŠู‡.
And the context is the Earth -- the same context that we're trying to solve our problems in.
ุฅุฐุงู‹ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏ ุงู„ูˆุงุนูŠ ู„ุนุจู‚ุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ.
So it's the conscious emulation of life's genius.
ู‡ูˆ ู„ูŠุณ ุจุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฃุนู…ู‰... ุฑุบู… ุฃู† ุงู„ุฐูƒุงุก ุงู„ุงุตุทู†ุงุนูŠ ูŠุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ูŠุจู‚ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุณุฑูŠุญุฉ ุงู„ุดุนุฑ... ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ุจุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฃุนู…ู‰. ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃุฎุฐ ู…ุจุงุฏุฆ ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู…ุŒ ุงู„ุนุจู‚ุฑูŠุฉ ููŠ ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉุŒ ูˆุชุนู„ู… ุดูŠุก ู…ู†ู‡.
It's not slavishly mimicking -- although Al is trying to get the hairdo going -- it's not a slavish mimicry; it's taking the design principles, the genius of the natural world, and learning something from it.
ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ููŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุตูŠู† ููŠ ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุชุŒ ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠ ุฃู† ุฃู†ูˆู‡ ุฅู„ู‰... ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ู„ู† ุฃุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ุŒ ุญูŠุซ ุฃู† ุชุฎุตุตูƒู… ู‚ุฏ ุชุนู„ู… ูƒู…ุงู‹ ูƒุจูŠุฑุงู‹ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงุกุŒ ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑู…ุฌูŠุงุช. ุฅุฐ ุชูˆุฌุฏ ุญูˆุงุณูŠุจ ุชุญู…ูŠ ู†ูุณู‡ุงุŒ ู…ุซู„ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนุฉุŒ ูˆู†ุญู† ู†ุชุนู„ู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุถุจุท ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠ ู„ู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ูˆุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆูŠ. ูˆู†ุญู† ู†ุชุนู„ู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุจูƒุงุช ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ุญู„ูˆู„ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ุญูˆุณุจุฉ ุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑูŠุฉ.
Now, in a group with so many IT people, I do have to mention what I'm not going to talk about, and that is that your field is one that has learned an enormous amount from living things, on the software side. So there's computers that protect themselves, like an immune system, and we're learning from gene regulation and biological development. And we're learning from neural nets, genetic algorithms, evolutionary computing.
ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑู…ุฌูŠุงุช. ู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุดูˆู‚ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู„ู… ู†ุดุงู‡ุฏ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑ. ุฃุนู†ูŠุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุขู„ุงุช ู„ูŠุณุช ุชู‚ู†ูŠุงุช ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฏ ุชู‚ุฏูŠุฑูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุชูˆุฌุฏ ุงู„ุนุดุฑุงุช ูˆุงู„ุนุดุฑุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณุฑุทู†ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡ ููŠ ูˆุงุฏู‰ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูŠูƒูˆู† = ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุฌู†ูˆุจ ุณุงู† ูุฑุงู†ุณูŠุณูƒูˆ ุจู‡ ุดุฑูƒุงุช ุฅู„ูŠูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠุงุช ุนุฏูŠุฏุฉ
That's on the software side. But what's interesting to me is that we haven't looked at this, as much. I mean, these machines are really not very high tech in my estimation in the sense that there's dozens and dozens of carcinogens in the water in Silicon Valley.
ู„ุฐุง ูุงู„ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ู„ูŠุณุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุฃูˆ "ู†ุงุฌุญุฉ" ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุญูŠุงุฉ
So the hardware is not at all up to snuff in terms of what life would call a success.
ุฅุฐุงู‹ ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุชุนู„ู…ู‡ ุนู† ุตู†ุน... ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ูƒู…ุจูŠูˆุชุฑุงุชุŒ ู„ูƒู† ูƒู„ ุดูŠุกุŸ
So what can we learn about making -- not just computers, but everything?
ุงู„ุทุงุฆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฃุชูŠุช ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุชู†ู‡ุง ูˆุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ูˆุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฌู„ุณ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง.
The plane you came in, cars, the seats that you're sitting on.
ูƒูŠู ู†ุนูŠุฏ ุชุตู…ูŠู… ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุตู†ุนู‡ุŒ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ุตู†ุน ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŸ
How do we redesign the world that we make, the human-made world?
ูˆุงู„ุฃู‡ู… ู‡ูˆ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ู†ุณุฃู„ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ 10 ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉุŸ
More importantly, what should we ask in the next 10 years?
ูˆูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ุงู„ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู…ู„ูƒู‡ุง ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ.
And there's a lot of cool technologies out there that life has.
ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฎุทุทุŸ
What's the syllabus?
ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉุŒ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูŠุŒ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹.
Three questions, for me, are key.