Parse HTML Code
<p>On input we have HTML like:</p>

<pre><code>&lt;table&gt;
   &lt;tr&gt;
         &lt;td&gt;
            &lt;img ...&gt;
         &lt;/td&gt;
         &lt;td&gt;
            &lt;img ...&gt;
         &lt;/td&gt;
         ...
   &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
</code></pre>

<p>But in last td:</p>

<pre><code>&lt;td&gt;
    &lt;img ...&gt;
    &lt;img ...&gt;
&lt;td&gt;
</code></pre>

<p><strong>Question:</strong> How to remove 2nd <code>img</code>? We can use PHP, JS and CSS.</p>
