prompt: You will be provided with a partial code base and an issue statement explaining a problem to resolve.
  <issue>
  Add insert_barrier argument to UnitaryOverlap
  ### What should we add?
  
  This argument would insert a barrier between the two unitaries. This is useful if you want to prevent circuit optimization between the two parts.
  
  </issue>
  <code>
  [start of qiskit/circuit/library/overlap.py]
  1 # This code is part of Qiskit.
  2 #
  3 # (C) Copyright IBM 2023.
  4 #
  5 # This code is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. You may
  6 # obtain a copy of this license in the LICENSE.txt file in the root directory
  7 # of this source tree or at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.
  8 #
  9 # Any modifications or derivative works of this code must retain this
  10 # copyright notice, and modified files need to carry a notice indicating
  11 # that they have been altered from the originals.
  12 
  13 """Unitary overlap circuit."""
  14 
  15 from qiskit.circuit import QuantumCircuit, Gate
  16 from qiskit.circuit.parametervector import ParameterVector
  17 from qiskit.circuit.exceptions import CircuitError
  18 from qiskit.circuit import Barrier
  19 
  20 
  21 class UnitaryOverlap(QuantumCircuit):
  22     r"""Circuit that returns the overlap between two unitaries :math:`U_2^{\dag} U_1`.
  23 
  24     The input quantum circuits must represent unitary operations, since they must be invertible.
  25     If the inputs will have parameters, they are replaced by :class:`.ParameterVector`\s with
  26     names `"p1"` (for circuit ``unitary1``) and `"p2"` (for circuit ``unitary_2``) in the output
  27     circuit.
  28 
  29     This circuit is usually employed in computing the fidelity:
  30 
  31     .. math::
  32 
  33         \left|\langle 0| U_2^{\dag} U_1|0\rangle\right|^{2}
  34 
  35     by computing the probability of being in the all-zeros bit-string, or equivalently,
  36     the expectation value of projector :math:`|0\rangle\langle 0|`.
  37 
  38     Example::
  39 
  40         import numpy as np
  41         from qiskit.circuit.library import EfficientSU2, UnitaryOverlap
  42         from qiskit.primitives import Sampler
  43 
  44         # get two circuit to prepare states of which we comput the overlap
  45         circuit = EfficientSU2(2, reps=1)
  46         unitary1 = circuit.assign_parameters(np.random.random(circuit.num_parameters))
  47         unitary2 = circuit.assign_parameters(np.random.random(circuit.num_parameters))
  48 
  49         # create the overlap circuit
  50         overlap = UnitaryOverap(unitary1, unitary2)
  51 
  52         # sample from the overlap
  53         sampler = Sampler(options={"shots": 100})
  54         result = sampler.run(overlap).result()
  55 
  56         # the fidelity is the probability to measure 0
  57         fidelity = result.quasi_dists[0].get(0, 0)
  58 
  59     """
  60 
  61     def __init__(
  62         self, unitary1: QuantumCircuit, unitary2: QuantumCircuit, prefix1="p1", prefix2="p2"
  63     ):
  64         """
  65         Args:
  66             unitary1: Unitary acting on the ket vector.
  67             unitary2: Unitary whose inverse operates on the bra vector.
  68             prefix1: The name of the parameter vector associated to ``unitary1``,
  69                 if it is parameterized. Defaults to ``"p1"``.
  70             prefix2: The name of the parameter vector associated to ``unitary2``,
  71                 if it is parameterized. Defaults to ``"p2"``.
  72 
  73         Raises:
  74             CircuitError: Number of qubits in ``unitary1`` and ``unitary2`` does not match.
  75             CircuitError: Inputs contain measurements and/or resets.
  76         """
  77         # check inputs are valid
  78         if unitary1.num_qubits != unitary2.num_qubits:
  79             raise CircuitError(
  80                 f"Number of qubits in unitaries does "
  81                 f"not match: {unitary1.num_qubits} != {unitary2.num_qubits}."
  82             )
  83 
  84         unitaries = [unitary1, unitary2]
  85         for unitary in unitaries:
  86             _check_unitary(unitary)
  87 
  88         # Vectors of new parameters, if any. Need the unitaries in a list here to ensure
  89         # we can overwrite them.
  90         for i, prefix in enumerate([prefix1, prefix2]):
  91             if unitaries[i].num_parameters > 0:
  92                 new_params = ParameterVector(prefix, unitaries[i].num_parameters)
  93                 unitaries[i] = unitaries[i].assign_parameters(new_params)
  94 
  95         # Generate the actual overlap circuit
  96         super().__init__(unitaries[0].num_qubits, name="UnitaryOverlap")
  97         self.compose(unitaries[0], inplace=True)
  98         self.compose(unitaries[1].inverse(), inplace=True)
  99 
  100 
  101 def _check_unitary(circuit):
  102     """Check a circuit is unitary by checking if all operations are of type ``Gate``."""
  103 
  104     for instruction in circuit.data:
  105         if not isinstance(instruction.operation, (Gate, Barrier)):
  106             raise CircuitError(
  107                 (
  108                     "One or more instructions cannot be converted to"
  109                     ' a gate. "{}" is not a gate instruction'
  110                 ).format(instruction.operation.name)
  111             )
  112
  [end of qiskit/circuit/library/overlap.py]
  </code>
  
  I need you to solve this issue by generating a single patch file that I can apply directly to this repository using git apply. Please respond with a single patch file in the following format.
  <patch>
  diff --git a/file.py b/file.py
  --- a/file.py
  +++ b/file.py
  @@ -1,27 +1,35 @@
   def euclidean(a, b):
  -    while b:
  -        a, b = b, a % b
  -    return a
  +    if b == 0:
  +        return a
  +    return euclidean(b, a % b)
   
   
   def bresenham(x0, y0, x1, y1):
       points = []
       dx = abs(x1 - x0)
       dy = abs(y1 - y0)
  -    sx = 1 if x0 < x1 else -1
  -    sy = 1 if y0 < y1 else -1
  -    err = dx - dy
  +    x, y = x0, y0
  +    sx = -1 if x0 > x1 else 1
  +    sy = -1 if y0 > y1 else 1
   
  -    while True:
  -        points.append((x0, y0))
  -        if x0 == x1 and y0 == y1:
  -            break
  -        e2 = 2 * err
  -        if e2 > -dy:
  -            err -= dy
  -            x0 += sx
  -        if e2 < dx:
  -            err += dx
  -            y0 += sy
  +    if dx > dy:
  +        err = dx / 2.0
  +        while x != x1:
  +            points.append((x, y))
  +            err -= dy
  +            if err < 0:
  +                y += sy
  +                err += dx
  +            x += sx
  +    else:
  +        err = dy / 2.0
  +        while y != y1:
  +            points.append((x, y))
  +            err -= dx
  +            if err < 0:
  +                x += sx
  +                err += dy
  +            y += sy
  +
  +    points.append((x, y))
       return points
  
  </patch>
golden_diff: diff --git a/qiskit/circuit/library/overlap.py b/qiskit/circuit/library/overlap.py
  --- a/qiskit/circuit/library/overlap.py
  +++ b/qiskit/circuit/library/overlap.py
  @@ -59,7 +59,12 @@
       """
   
       def __init__(
  -        self, unitary1: QuantumCircuit, unitary2: QuantumCircuit, prefix1="p1", prefix2="p2"
  +        self,
  +        unitary1: QuantumCircuit,
  +        unitary2: QuantumCircuit,
  +        prefix1: str = "p1",
  +        prefix2: str = "p2",
  +        insert_barrier: bool = False,
       ):
           """
           Args:
  @@ -69,6 +74,7 @@
                   if it is parameterized. Defaults to ``"p1"``.
               prefix2: The name of the parameter vector associated to ``unitary2``,
                   if it is parameterized. Defaults to ``"p2"``.
  +            insert_barrier: Whether to insert a barrier between the two unitaries.
   
           Raises:
               CircuitError: Number of qubits in ``unitary1`` and ``unitary2`` does not match.
  @@ -95,6 +101,8 @@
           # Generate the actual overlap circuit
           super().__init__(unitaries[0].num_qubits, name="UnitaryOverlap")
           self.compose(unitaries[0], inplace=True)
  +        if insert_barrier:
  +            self.barrier()
           self.compose(unitaries[1].inverse(), inplace=True)
  
verification_info: {"golden_diff": "diff --git a/qiskit/circuit/library/overlap.py b/qiskit/circuit/library/overlap.py\n--- a/qiskit/circuit/library/overlap.py\n+++ b/qiskit/circuit/library/overlap.py\n@@ -59,7 +59,12 @@\n     \"\"\"\n \n     def __init__(\n-        self, unitary1: QuantumCircuit, unitary2: QuantumCircuit, prefix1=\"p1\", prefix2=\"p2\"\n+        self,\n+        unitary1: QuantumCircuit,\n+        unitary2: QuantumCircuit,\n+        prefix1: str = \"p1\",\n+        prefix2: str = \"p2\",\n+        insert_barrier: bool = False,\n     ):\n         \"\"\"\n         Args:\n@@ -69,6 +74,7 @@\n                 if it is parameterized. Defaults to ``\"p1\"``.\n             prefix2: The name of the parameter vector associated to ``unitary2``,\n                 if it is parameterized. Defaults to ``\"p2\"``.\n+            insert_barrier: Whether to insert a barrier between the two unitaries.\n \n         Raises:\n             CircuitError: Number of qubits in ``unitary1`` and ``unitary2`` does not match.\n@@ -95,6 +101,8 @@\n         # Generate the actual overlap circuit\n         super().__init__(unitaries[0].num_qubits, name=\"UnitaryOverlap\")\n         self.compose(unitaries[0], inplace=True)\n+        if insert_barrier:\n+            self.barrier()\n         self.compose(unitaries[1].inverse(), inplace=True)\n", "issue": "Add insert_barrier argument to UnitaryOverlap\n### What should we add?\n\nThis argument would insert a barrier between the two unitaries. This is useful if you want to prevent circuit optimization between the two parts.\n", "before_files": [{"content": "# This code is part of Qiskit.\n#\n# (C) Copyright IBM 2023.\n#\n# This code is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. You may\n# obtain a copy of this license in the LICENSE.txt file in the root directory\n# of this source tree or at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.\n#\n# Any modifications or derivative works of this code must retain this\n# copyright notice, and modified files need to carry a notice indicating\n# that they have been altered from the originals.\n\n\"\"\"Unitary overlap circuit.\"\"\"\n\nfrom qiskit.circuit import QuantumCircuit, Gate\nfrom qiskit.circuit.parametervector import ParameterVector\nfrom qiskit.circuit.exceptions import CircuitError\nfrom qiskit.circuit import Barrier\n\n\nclass UnitaryOverlap(QuantumCircuit):\n    r\"\"\"Circuit that returns the overlap between two unitaries :math:`U_2^{\\dag} U_1`.\n\n    The input quantum circuits must represent unitary operations, since they must be invertible.\n    If the inputs will have parameters, they are replaced by :class:`.ParameterVector`\\s with\n    names `\"p1\"` (for circuit ``unitary1``) and `\"p2\"` (for circuit ``unitary_2``) in the output\n    circuit.\n\n    This circuit is usually employed in computing the fidelity:\n\n    .. math::\n\n        \\left|\\langle 0| U_2^{\\dag} U_1|0\\rangle\\right|^{2}\n\n    by computing the probability of being in the all-zeros bit-string, or equivalently,\n    the expectation value of projector :math:`|0\\rangle\\langle 0|`.\n\n    Example::\n\n        import numpy as np\n        from qiskit.circuit.library import EfficientSU2, UnitaryOverlap\n        from qiskit.primitives import Sampler\n\n        # get two circuit to prepare states of which we comput the overlap\n        circuit = EfficientSU2(2, reps=1)\n        unitary1 = circuit.assign_parameters(np.random.random(circuit.num_parameters))\n        unitary2 = circuit.assign_parameters(np.random.random(circuit.num_parameters))\n\n        # create the overlap circuit\n        overlap = UnitaryOverap(unitary1, unitary2)\n\n        # sample from the overlap\n        sampler = Sampler(options={\"shots\": 100})\n        result = sampler.run(overlap).result()\n\n        # the fidelity is the probability to measure 0\n        fidelity = result.quasi_dists[0].get(0, 0)\n\n    \"\"\"\n\n    def __init__(\n        self, unitary1: QuantumCircuit, unitary2: QuantumCircuit, prefix1=\"p1\", prefix2=\"p2\"\n    ):\n        \"\"\"\n        Args:\n            unitary1: Unitary acting on the ket vector.\n            unitary2: Unitary whose inverse operates on the bra vector.\n            prefix1: The name of the parameter vector associated to ``unitary1``,\n                if it is parameterized. Defaults to ``\"p1\"``.\n            prefix2: The name of the parameter vector associated to ``unitary2``,\n                if it is parameterized. Defaults to ``\"p2\"``.\n\n        Raises:\n            CircuitError: Number of qubits in ``unitary1`` and ``unitary2`` does not match.\n            CircuitError: Inputs contain measurements and/or resets.\n        \"\"\"\n        # check inputs are valid\n        if unitary1.num_qubits != unitary2.num_qubits:\n            raise CircuitError(\n                f\"Number of qubits in unitaries does \"\n                f\"not match: {unitary1.num_qubits} != {unitary2.num_qubits}.\"\n            )\n\n        unitaries = [unitary1, unitary2]\n        for unitary in unitaries:\n            _check_unitary(unitary)\n\n        # Vectors of new parameters, if any. Need the unitaries in a list here to ensure\n        # we can overwrite them.\n        for i, prefix in enumerate([prefix1, prefix2]):\n            if unitaries[i].num_parameters > 0:\n                new_params = ParameterVector(prefix, unitaries[i].num_parameters)\n                unitaries[i] = unitaries[i].assign_parameters(new_params)\n\n        # Generate the actual overlap circuit\n        super().__init__(unitaries[0].num_qubits, name=\"UnitaryOverlap\")\n        self.compose(unitaries[0], inplace=True)\n        self.compose(unitaries[1].inverse(), inplace=True)\n\n\ndef _check_unitary(circuit):\n    \"\"\"Check a circuit is unitary by checking if all operations are of type ``Gate``.\"\"\"\n\n    for instruction in circuit.data:\n        if not isinstance(instruction.operation, (Gate, Barrier)):\n            raise CircuitError(\n                (\n                    \"One or more instructions cannot be converted to\"\n                    ' a gate. \"{}\" is not a gate instruction'\n                ).format(instruction.operation.name)\n            )\n", "path": "qiskit/circuit/library/overlap.py"}]}