prompt: We are currently solving the following issue within our repository. Here is the issue text:
  --- BEGIN ISSUE ---
  Binding.is_avaialble can print to stderr
  Specifically it'll print an error message, you can see this if you run `tests/hazmat/bindings/test_bindings.py`
  
  
  --- END ISSUE ---
  
  Below are some code segments, each from a relevant file. One or more of these files may contain bugs.
  --- BEGIN FILES ---
  Path: `cryptography/hazmat/bindings/openssl/binding.py`
  Content:
  ```
  1 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  2 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  3 # You may obtain a copy of the License at
  4 #
  5 #    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  6 #
  7 # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  8 # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  9 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
  10 # implied.
  11 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  12 # limitations under the License.
  13 
  14 from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function
  15 
  16 from cryptography.hazmat.bindings.utils import (
  17     build_ffi, binding_available
  18 )
  19 
  20 _OSX_PRE_INCLUDE = """
  21 #ifdef __APPLE__
  22 #include <AvailabilityMacros.h>
  23 #define __ORIG_DEPRECATED_IN_MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_7_AND_LATER \
  24     DEPRECATED_IN_MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_7_AND_LATER
  25 #undef DEPRECATED_IN_MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_7_AND_LATER
  26 #define DEPRECATED_IN_MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_7_AND_LATER
  27 #endif
  28 """
  29 
  30 _OSX_POST_INCLUDE = """
  31 #ifdef __APPLE__
  32 #undef DEPRECATED_IN_MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_7_AND_LATER
  33 #define DEPRECATED_IN_MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_7_AND_LATER \
  34     __ORIG_DEPRECATED_IN_MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_7_AND_LATER
  35 #endif
  36 """
  37 
  38 
  39 class Binding(object):
  40     """
  41     OpenSSL API wrapper.
  42     """
  43     _module_prefix = "cryptography.hazmat.bindings.openssl."
  44     _modules = [
  45         "asn1",
  46         "bignum",
  47         "bio",
  48         "conf",
  49         "crypto",
  50         "dh",
  51         "dsa",
  52         "engine",
  53         "err",
  54         "evp",
  55         "hmac",
  56         "nid",
  57         "objects",
  58         "opensslv",
  59         "pem",
  60         "pkcs7",
  61         "pkcs12",
  62         "rand",
  63         "rsa",
  64         "ssl",
  65         "x509",
  66         "x509name",
  67         "x509v3",
  68     ]
  69 
  70     ffi = None
  71     lib = None
  72 
  73     def __init__(self):
  74         self._ensure_ffi_initialized()
  75 
  76     @classmethod
  77     def _ensure_ffi_initialized(cls):
  78         if cls.ffi is not None and cls.lib is not None:
  79             return
  80 
  81         cls.ffi, cls.lib = build_ffi(cls._module_prefix, cls._modules,
  82                                      _OSX_PRE_INCLUDE, _OSX_POST_INCLUDE,
  83                                      ["crypto", "ssl"])
  84 
  85     @classmethod
  86     def is_available(cls):
  87         return binding_available(cls._ensure_ffi_initialized)
  88
  ```
  
  Path: `cryptography/hazmat/bindings/utils.py`
  Content:
  ```
  1 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  2 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  3 # You may obtain a copy of the License at
  4 #
  5 #    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  6 #
  7 # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  8 # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  9 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
  10 # implied.
  11 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  12 # limitations under the License.
  13 
  14 from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function
  15 
  16 import sys
  17 
  18 import cffi
  19 
  20 
  21 def build_ffi(module_prefix, modules, pre_include, post_include, libraries):
  22     """
  23     Modules listed in ``modules`` should have the following attributes:
  24 
  25     * ``INCLUDES``: A string containing C includes.
  26     * ``TYPES``: A string containing C declarations for types.
  27     * ``FUNCTIONS``: A string containing C declarations for functions.
  28     * ``MACROS``: A string containing C declarations for any macros.
  29     * ``CUSTOMIZATIONS``: A string containing arbitrary top-level C code, this
  30         can be used to do things like test for a define and provide an
  31         alternate implementation based on that.
  32     * ``CONDITIONAL_NAMES``: A dict mapping strings of condition names from the
  33         library to a list of names which will not be present without the
  34         condition.
  35     """
  36     ffi = cffi.FFI()
  37     includes = []
  38     functions = []
  39     macros = []
  40     customizations = []
  41     for name in modules:
  42         module_name = module_prefix + name
  43         __import__(module_name)
  44         module = sys.modules[module_name]
  45 
  46         ffi.cdef(module.TYPES)
  47 
  48         macros.append(module.MACROS)
  49         functions.append(module.FUNCTIONS)
  50         includes.append(module.INCLUDES)
  51         customizations.append(module.CUSTOMIZATIONS)
  52 
  53     # loop over the functions & macros after declaring all the types
  54     # so we can set interdependent types in different files and still
  55     # have them all defined before we parse the funcs & macros
  56     for func in functions:
  57         ffi.cdef(func)
  58     for macro in macros:
  59         ffi.cdef(macro)
  60 
  61     # We include functions here so that if we got any of their definitions
  62     # wrong, the underlying C compiler will explode. In C you are allowed
  63     # to re-declare a function if it has the same signature. That is:
  64     #   int foo(int);
  65     #   int foo(int);
  66     # is legal, but the following will fail to compile:
  67     #   int foo(int);
  68     #   int foo(short);
  69     lib = ffi.verify(
  70         source="\n".join(
  71             [pre_include] +
  72             includes +
  73             [post_include] +
  74             functions +
  75             customizations
  76         ),
  77         libraries=libraries,
  78         ext_package="cryptography",
  79     )
  80 
  81     for name in modules:
  82         module_name = module_prefix + name
  83         module = sys.modules[module_name]
  84         for condition, names in module.CONDITIONAL_NAMES.items():
  85             if not getattr(lib, condition):
  86                 for name in names:
  87                     delattr(lib, name)
  88 
  89     return ffi, lib
  90 
  91 
  92 def binding_available(initializer):
  93     try:
  94         initializer()
  95         return True
  96     except cffi.VerificationError:
  97         return False
  98
  ```
  --- END FILES ---
  
  Please first localize the bug based on the issue statement, and then generate a patch according to the `git diff` format fenced by three backticks.
  
  Here is an example:
  
  ```diff
  diff --git a/examples/server_async.py b/examples/server_async.py
  --- a/examples/server_async.py
  +++ b/examples/server_async.py
  @@ -313,4 +313,4 @@
   
   
   if __name__ == "__main__":
  -    asyncio.run(run_async_server("."), debug=True)
  +    asyncio.run(run_async_server(), debug=True)
  diff --git a/examples/server_sync.py b/examples/server_sync.py
  --- a/examples/server_sync.py
  +++ b/examples/server_sync.py
  @@ -313,5 +313,5 @@
   
   
   if __name__ == "__main__":
  -    server = run_sync_server(".")
  +    server = run_sync_server()
       server.shutdown()
  
  ```
  
golden_diff: diff --git a/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/openssl/binding.py b/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/openssl/binding.py
  --- a/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/openssl/binding.py
  +++ b/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/openssl/binding.py
  @@ -13,9 +13,8 @@
   
   from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function
   
  -from cryptography.hazmat.bindings.utils import (
  -    build_ffi, binding_available
  -)
  +from cryptography.hazmat.bindings.utils import build_ffi
  +
   
   _OSX_PRE_INCLUDE = """
   #ifdef __APPLE__
  @@ -84,4 +83,5 @@
   
       @classmethod
       def is_available(cls):
  -        return binding_available(cls._ensure_ffi_initialized)
  +        # OpenSSL is the only binding so for now it must always be available
  +        return True
  diff --git a/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/utils.py b/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/utils.py
  --- a/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/utils.py
  +++ b/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/utils.py
  @@ -87,11 +87,3 @@
                       delattr(lib, name)
   
       return ffi, lib
  -
  -
  -def binding_available(initializer):
  -    try:
  -        initializer()
  -        return True
  -    except cffi.VerificationError:
  -        return False
  
verification_info: {"golden_diff": "diff --git a/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/openssl/binding.py b/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/openssl/binding.py\n--- a/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/openssl/binding.py\n+++ b/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/openssl/binding.py\n@@ -13,9 +13,8 @@\n \n from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function\n \n-from cryptography.hazmat.bindings.utils import (\n-    build_ffi, binding_available\n-)\n+from cryptography.hazmat.bindings.utils import build_ffi\n+\n \n _OSX_PRE_INCLUDE = \"\"\"\n #ifdef __APPLE__\n@@ -84,4 +83,5 @@\n \n     @classmethod\n     def is_available(cls):\n-        return binding_available(cls._ensure_ffi_initialized)\n+        # OpenSSL is the only binding so for now it must always be available\n+        return True\ndiff --git a/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/utils.py b/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/utils.py\n--- a/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/utils.py\n+++ b/cryptography/hazmat/bindings/utils.py\n@@ -87,11 +87,3 @@\n                     delattr(lib, name)\n \n     return ffi, lib\n-\n-\n-def binding_available(initializer):\n-    try:\n-        initializer()\n-        return True\n-    except cffi.VerificationError:\n-        return False\n", "issue": "Binding.is_avaialble can print to stderr\nSpecifically it'll print an error message, you can see this if you run `tests/hazmat/bindings/test_bindings.py`\n\n", "before_files": [{"content": "# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n# You may obtain a copy of the License at\n#\n#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n#\n# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n# distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or\n# implied.\n# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n# limitations under the License.\n\nfrom __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function\n\nfrom cryptography.hazmat.bindings.utils import (\n    build_ffi, binding_available\n)\n\n_OSX_PRE_INCLUDE = \"\"\"\n#ifdef __APPLE__\n#include <AvailabilityMacros.h>\n#define __ORIG_DEPRECATED_IN_MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_7_AND_LATER \\\n    DEPRECATED_IN_MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_7_AND_LATER\n#undef DEPRECATED_IN_MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_7_AND_LATER\n#define DEPRECATED_IN_MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_7_AND_LATER\n#endif\n\"\"\"\n\n_OSX_POST_INCLUDE = \"\"\"\n#ifdef __APPLE__\n#undef DEPRECATED_IN_MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_7_AND_LATER\n#define DEPRECATED_IN_MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_7_AND_LATER \\\n    __ORIG_DEPRECATED_IN_MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_7_AND_LATER\n#endif\n\"\"\"\n\n\nclass Binding(object):\n    \"\"\"\n    OpenSSL API wrapper.\n    \"\"\"\n    _module_prefix = \"cryptography.hazmat.bindings.openssl.\"\n    _modules = [\n        \"asn1\",\n        \"bignum\",\n        \"bio\",\n        \"conf\",\n        \"crypto\",\n        \"dh\",\n        \"dsa\",\n        \"engine\",\n        \"err\",\n        \"evp\",\n        \"hmac\",\n        \"nid\",\n        \"objects\",\n        \"opensslv\",\n        \"pem\",\n        \"pkcs7\",\n        \"pkcs12\",\n        \"rand\",\n        \"rsa\",\n        \"ssl\",\n        \"x509\",\n        \"x509name\",\n        \"x509v3\",\n    ]\n\n    ffi = None\n    lib = None\n\n    def __init__(self):\n        self._ensure_ffi_initialized()\n\n    @classmethod\n    def _ensure_ffi_initialized(cls):\n        if cls.ffi is not None and cls.lib is not None:\n            return\n\n        cls.ffi, cls.lib = build_ffi(cls._module_prefix, cls._modules,\n                                     _OSX_PRE_INCLUDE, _OSX_POST_INCLUDE,\n                                     [\"crypto\", \"ssl\"])\n\n    @classmethod\n    def is_available(cls):\n        return binding_available(cls._ensure_ffi_initialized)\n", "path": "cryptography/hazmat/bindings/openssl/binding.py"}, {"content": "# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n# You may obtain a copy of the License at\n#\n#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n#\n# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n# distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or\n# implied.\n# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n# limitations under the License.\n\nfrom __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function\n\nimport sys\n\nimport cffi\n\n\ndef build_ffi(module_prefix, modules, pre_include, post_include, libraries):\n    \"\"\"\n    Modules listed in ``modules`` should have the following attributes:\n\n    * ``INCLUDES``: A string containing C includes.\n    * ``TYPES``: A string containing C declarations for types.\n    * ``FUNCTIONS``: A string containing C declarations for functions.\n    * ``MACROS``: A string containing C declarations for any macros.\n    * ``CUSTOMIZATIONS``: A string containing arbitrary top-level C code, this\n        can be used to do things like test for a define and provide an\n        alternate implementation based on that.\n    * ``CONDITIONAL_NAMES``: A dict mapping strings of condition names from the\n        library to a list of names which will not be present without the\n        condition.\n    \"\"\"\n    ffi = cffi.FFI()\n    includes = []\n    functions = []\n    macros = []\n    customizations = []\n    for name in modules:\n        module_name = module_prefix + name\n        __import__(module_name)\n        module = sys.modules[module_name]\n\n        ffi.cdef(module.TYPES)\n\n        macros.append(module.MACROS)\n        functions.append(module.FUNCTIONS)\n        includes.append(module.INCLUDES)\n        customizations.append(module.CUSTOMIZATIONS)\n\n    # loop over the functions & macros after declaring all the types\n    # so we can set interdependent types in different files and still\n    # have them all defined before we parse the funcs & macros\n    for func in functions:\n        ffi.cdef(func)\n    for macro in macros:\n        ffi.cdef(macro)\n\n    # We include functions here so that if we got any of their definitions\n    # wrong, the underlying C compiler will explode. In C you are allowed\n    # to re-declare a function if it has the same signature. That is:\n    #   int foo(int);\n    #   int foo(int);\n    # is legal, but the following will fail to compile:\n    #   int foo(int);\n    #   int foo(short);\n    lib = ffi.verify(\n        source=\"\\n\".join(\n            [pre_include] +\n            includes +\n            [post_include] +\n            functions +\n            customizations\n        ),\n        libraries=libraries,\n        ext_package=\"cryptography\",\n    )\n\n    for name in modules:\n        module_name = module_prefix + name\n        module = sys.modules[module_name]\n        for condition, names in module.CONDITIONAL_NAMES.items():\n            if not getattr(lib, condition):\n                for name in names:\n                    delattr(lib, name)\n\n    return ffi, lib\n\n\ndef binding_available(initializer):\n    try:\n        initializer()\n        return True\n    except cffi.VerificationError:\n        return False\n", "path": "cryptography/hazmat/bindings/utils.py"}], "after_files": [{"content": "# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n# You may obtain a copy of the License at\n#\n#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n#\n# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n# distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or\n# implied.\n# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n# limitations under the License.\n\nfrom __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function\n\nfrom cryptography.hazmat.bindings.utils import build_ffi\n\n\n_OSX_PRE_INCLUDE = \"\"\"\n#ifdef __APPLE__\n#include <AvailabilityMacros.h>\n#define __ORIG_DEPRECATED_IN_MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_7_AND_LATER \\\n    DEPRECATED_IN_MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_7_AND_LATER\n#undef DEPRECATED_IN_MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_7_AND_LATER\n#define DEPRECATED_IN_MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_7_AND_LATER\n#endif\n\"\"\"\n\n_OSX_POST_INCLUDE = \"\"\"\n#ifdef __APPLE__\n#undef DEPRECATED_IN_MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_7_AND_LATER\n#define DEPRECATED_IN_MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_7_AND_LATER \\\n    __ORIG_DEPRECATED_IN_MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_7_AND_LATER\n#endif\n\"\"\"\n\n\nclass Binding(object):\n    \"\"\"\n    OpenSSL API wrapper.\n    \"\"\"\n    _module_prefix = \"cryptography.hazmat.bindings.openssl.\"\n    _modules = [\n        \"asn1\",\n        \"bignum\",\n        \"bio\",\n        \"conf\",\n        \"crypto\",\n        \"dh\",\n        \"dsa\",\n        \"engine\",\n        \"err\",\n        \"evp\",\n        \"hmac\",\n        \"nid\",\n        \"objects\",\n        \"opensslv\",\n        \"pem\",\n        \"pkcs7\",\n        \"pkcs12\",\n        \"rand\",\n        \"rsa\",\n        \"ssl\",\n        \"x509\",\n        \"x509name\",\n        \"x509v3\",\n    ]\n\n    ffi = None\n    lib = None\n\n    def __init__(self):\n        self._ensure_ffi_initialized()\n\n    @classmethod\n    def _ensure_ffi_initialized(cls):\n        if cls.ffi is not None and cls.lib is not None:\n            return\n\n        cls.ffi, cls.lib = build_ffi(cls._module_prefix, cls._modules,\n                                     _OSX_PRE_INCLUDE, _OSX_POST_INCLUDE,\n                                     [\"crypto\", \"ssl\"])\n\n    @classmethod\n    def is_available(cls):\n        # OpenSSL is the only binding so for now it must always be available\n        return True\n", "path": "cryptography/hazmat/bindings/openssl/binding.py"}, {"content": "# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\n# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.\n# You may obtain a copy of the License at\n#\n#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n#\n# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\n# distributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or\n# implied.\n# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and\n# limitations under the License.\n\nfrom __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function\n\nimport sys\n\nimport cffi\n\n\ndef build_ffi(module_prefix, modules, pre_include, post_include, libraries):\n    \"\"\"\n    Modules listed in ``modules`` should have the following attributes:\n\n    * ``INCLUDES``: A string containing C includes.\n    * ``TYPES``: A string containing C declarations for types.\n    * ``FUNCTIONS``: A string containing C declarations for functions.\n    * ``MACROS``: A string containing C declarations for any macros.\n    * ``CUSTOMIZATIONS``: A string containing arbitrary top-level C code, this\n        can be used to do things like test for a define and provide an\n        alternate implementation based on that.\n    * ``CONDITIONAL_NAMES``: A dict mapping strings of condition names from the\n        library to a list of names which will not be present without the\n        condition.\n    \"\"\"\n    ffi = cffi.FFI()\n    includes = []\n    functions = []\n    macros = []\n    customizations = []\n    for name in modules:\n        module_name = module_prefix + name\n        __import__(module_name)\n        module = sys.modules[module_name]\n\n        ffi.cdef(module.TYPES)\n\n        macros.append(module.MACROS)\n        functions.append(module.FUNCTIONS)\n        includes.append(module.INCLUDES)\n        customizations.append(module.CUSTOMIZATIONS)\n\n    # loop over the functions & macros after declaring all the types\n    # so we can set interdependent types in different files and still\n    # have them all defined before we parse the funcs & macros\n    for func in functions:\n        ffi.cdef(func)\n    for macro in macros:\n        ffi.cdef(macro)\n\n    # We include functions here so that if we got any of their definitions\n    # wrong, the underlying C compiler will explode. In C you are allowed\n    # to re-declare a function if it has the same signature. That is:\n    #   int foo(int);\n    #   int foo(int);\n    # is legal, but the following will fail to compile:\n    #   int foo(int);\n    #   int foo(short);\n    lib = ffi.verify(\n        source=\"\\n\".join(\n            [pre_include] +\n            includes +\n            [post_include] +\n            functions +\n            customizations\n        ),\n        libraries=libraries,\n        ext_package=\"cryptography\",\n    )\n\n    for name in modules:\n        module_name = module_prefix + name\n        module = sys.modules[module_name]\n        for condition, names in module.CONDITIONAL_NAMES.items():\n            if not getattr(lib, condition):\n                for name in names:\n                    delattr(lib, name)\n\n    return ffi, lib\n", "path": "cryptography/hazmat/bindings/utils.py"}]}