prompt: We are currently solving the following issue within our repository. Here is the issue text:
  --- BEGIN ISSUE ---
  [RFC] CI for examples/visualization
  It'll be better if we can validate that all the visualization examples run without failures with CI.
  
  I guess https://github.com/computationalmodelling/nbval/ might be useful.
  
  --- END ISSUE ---
  
  Below are some code segments, each from a relevant file. One or more of these files may contain bugs.
  --- BEGIN FILES ---
  Path: `setup.py`
  Content:
  ```
  1 import os
  2 import sys
  3 
  4 import pkg_resources
  5 from setuptools import find_packages
  6 from setuptools import setup
  7 
  8 from typing import Dict
  9 from typing import List
  10 from typing import Optional
  11 
  12 
  13 def get_version() -> str:
  14 
  15     version_filepath = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "optuna", "version.py")
  16     with open(version_filepath) as f:
  17         for line in f:
  18             if line.startswith("__version__"):
  19                 return line.strip().split()[-1][1:-1]
  20     assert False
  21 
  22 
  23 def get_long_description() -> str:
  24 
  25     readme_filepath = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "README.md")
  26     with open(readme_filepath) as f:
  27         return f.read()
  28 
  29 
  30 def get_install_requires() -> List[str]:
  31 
  32     return [
  33         "alembic",
  34         "cliff",
  35         "cmaes>=0.3.2",
  36         "colorlog",
  37         "joblib",
  38         "numpy",
  39         "scipy!=1.4.0",
  40         "sqlalchemy>=1.1.0",
  41         "tqdm",
  42     ]
  43 
  44 
  45 def get_tests_require() -> List[str]:
  46 
  47     return get_extras_require()["testing"]
  48 
  49 
  50 def get_extras_require() -> Dict[str, List[str]]:
  51 
  52     requirements = {
  53         "checking": ["black", "hacking", "mypy",],
  54         "codecov": ["codecov", "pytest-cov",],
  55         "doctest": ["cma", "pandas", "plotly>=4.0.0", "scikit-learn>=0.19.0", "scikit-optimize",],
  56         "document": ["sphinx", "sphinx_rtd_theme",],
  57         "example": [
  58             "catboost",
  59             "chainer",
  60             "lightgbm",
  61             "mlflow",
  62             "mpi4py",
  63             "mxnet",
  64             "pytorch-ignite",
  65             "scikit-image",
  66             "scikit-learn",
  67             "torch",
  68             "torchvision>=0.5.0",
  69             "xgboost",
  70         ]
  71         + (["allennlp", "fastai<2"] if (3, 5) < sys.version_info[:2] < (3, 8) else [])
  72         + (
  73             [
  74                 "dask[dataframe]",
  75                 "dask-ml",
  76                 "keras",
  77                 # TODO(toshihikoyanase): Remove the version constraint after resolving the issue
  78                 # https://github.com/optuna/optuna/issues/997.
  79                 "pytorch-lightning<0.7.0",
  80                 "tensorflow>=2.0.0",
  81                 "tensorflow-datasets",
  82             ]
  83             if sys.version_info[:2] < (3, 8)
  84             else []
  85         ),
  86         "testing": [
  87             # TODO(toshihikoyanase): Remove the version constraint after resolving the issue
  88             # https://github.com/optuna/optuna/issues/1000.
  89             "bokeh<2.0.0",
  90             "chainer>=5.0.0",
  91             "cma",
  92             "fanova",
  93             "lightgbm",
  94             "mock",
  95             "mpi4py",
  96             "mxnet",
  97             "pandas",
  98             "plotly>=4.0.0",
  99             "pytest",
  100             "pytorch-ignite",
  101             "scikit-learn>=0.19.0",
  102             "scikit-optimize",
  103             "torch",
  104             "torchvision>=0.5.0",
  105             "xgboost",
  106         ]
  107         + (["fastai<2"] if (3, 5) < sys.version_info[:2] < (3, 8) else [])
  108         + (
  109             [
  110                 "keras",
  111                 # TODO(toshihikoyanase): Remove the version constraint after resolving the issue
  112                 # https://github.com/optuna/optuna/issues/997.
  113                 "pytorch-lightning<0.7.0",
  114                 "tensorflow",
  115                 "tensorflow-datasets",
  116             ]
  117             if sys.version_info[:2] < (3, 8)
  118             else []
  119         ),
  120     }
  121 
  122     return requirements
  123 
  124 
  125 def find_any_distribution(pkgs: List[str]) -> Optional[pkg_resources.Distribution]:
  126 
  127     for pkg in pkgs:
  128         try:
  129             return pkg_resources.get_distribution(pkg)
  130         except pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound:
  131             pass
  132     return None
  133 
  134 
  135 pfnopt_pkg = find_any_distribution(["pfnopt"])
  136 if pfnopt_pkg is not None:
  137     msg = (
  138         "We detected that PFNOpt is installed in your environment.\n"
  139         "PFNOpt has been renamed Optuna. Please uninstall the old\n"
  140         "PFNOpt in advance (e.g. by executing `$ pip uninstall pfnopt`)."
  141     )
  142     print(msg)
  143     exit(1)
  144 
  145 setup(
  146     name="optuna",
  147     version=get_version(),
  148     description="A hyperparameter optimization framework",
  149     long_description=get_long_description(),
  150     long_description_content_type="text/markdown",
  151     author="Takuya Akiba",
  152     author_email="akiba@preferred.jp",
  153     url="https://optuna.org/",
  154     packages=find_packages(),
  155     package_data={
  156         "optuna": [
  157             "storages/rdb/alembic.ini",
  158             "storages/rdb/alembic/*.*",
  159             "storages/rdb/alembic/versions/*.*",
  160         ]
  161     },
  162     install_requires=get_install_requires(),
  163     tests_require=get_tests_require(),
  164     extras_require=get_extras_require(),
  165     entry_points={"console_scripts": ["optuna = optuna.cli:main"]},
  166 )
  167
  ```
  --- END FILES ---
  
  Please first localize the bug based on the issue statement, and then generate a patch according to the `git diff` format fenced by three backticks.
  
  Here is an example:
  
  ```diff
  diff --git a/examples/server_async.py b/examples/server_async.py
  --- a/examples/server_async.py
  +++ b/examples/server_async.py
  @@ -313,4 +313,4 @@
   
   
   if __name__ == "__main__":
  -    asyncio.run(run_async_server("."), debug=True)
  +    asyncio.run(run_async_server(), debug=True)
  diff --git a/examples/server_sync.py b/examples/server_sync.py
  --- a/examples/server_sync.py
  +++ b/examples/server_sync.py
  @@ -313,5 +313,5 @@
   
   
   if __name__ == "__main__":
  -    server = run_sync_server(".")
  +    server = run_sync_server()
       server.shutdown()
  
  ```
  
golden_diff: diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
  --- a/setup.py
  +++ b/setup.py
  @@ -61,6 +61,7 @@
               "mlflow",
               "mpi4py",
               "mxnet",
  +            "nbval",
               "pytorch-ignite",
               "scikit-image",
               "scikit-learn",
  
verification_info: {"golden_diff": "diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py\n--- a/setup.py\n+++ b/setup.py\n@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@\n             \"mlflow\",\n             \"mpi4py\",\n             \"mxnet\",\n+            \"nbval\",\n             \"pytorch-ignite\",\n             \"scikit-image\",\n             \"scikit-learn\",\n", "issue": "[RFC] CI for examples/visualization\nIt'll be better if we can validate that all the visualization examples run without failures with CI.\r\n\r\nI guess https://github.com/computationalmodelling/nbval/ might be useful.\n", "before_files": [{"content": "import os\nimport sys\n\nimport pkg_resources\nfrom setuptools import find_packages\nfrom setuptools import setup\n\nfrom typing import Dict\nfrom typing import List\nfrom typing import Optional\n\n\ndef get_version() -> str:\n\n    version_filepath = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), \"optuna\", \"version.py\")\n    with open(version_filepath) as f:\n        for line in f:\n            if line.startswith(\"__version__\"):\n                return line.strip().split()[-1][1:-1]\n    assert False\n\n\ndef get_long_description() -> str:\n\n    readme_filepath = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), \"README.md\")\n    with open(readme_filepath) as f:\n        return f.read()\n\n\ndef get_install_requires() -> List[str]:\n\n    return [\n        \"alembic\",\n        \"cliff\",\n        \"cmaes>=0.3.2\",\n        \"colorlog\",\n        \"joblib\",\n        \"numpy\",\n        \"scipy!=1.4.0\",\n        \"sqlalchemy>=1.1.0\",\n        \"tqdm\",\n    ]\n\n\ndef get_tests_require() -> List[str]:\n\n    return get_extras_require()[\"testing\"]\n\n\ndef get_extras_require() -> Dict[str, List[str]]:\n\n    requirements = {\n        \"checking\": [\"black\", \"hacking\", \"mypy\",],\n        \"codecov\": [\"codecov\", \"pytest-cov\",],\n        \"doctest\": [\"cma\", \"pandas\", \"plotly>=4.0.0\", \"scikit-learn>=0.19.0\", \"scikit-optimize\",],\n        \"document\": [\"sphinx\", \"sphinx_rtd_theme\",],\n        \"example\": [\n            \"catboost\",\n            \"chainer\",\n            \"lightgbm\",\n            \"mlflow\",\n            \"mpi4py\",\n            \"mxnet\",\n            \"pytorch-ignite\",\n            \"scikit-image\",\n            \"scikit-learn\",\n            \"torch\",\n            \"torchvision>=0.5.0\",\n            \"xgboost\",\n        ]\n        + ([\"allennlp\", \"fastai<2\"] if (3, 5) < sys.version_info[:2] < (3, 8) else [])\n        + (\n            [\n                \"dask[dataframe]\",\n                \"dask-ml\",\n                \"keras\",\n                # TODO(toshihikoyanase): Remove the version constraint after resolving the issue\n                # https://github.com/optuna/optuna/issues/997.\n                \"pytorch-lightning<0.7.0\",\n                \"tensorflow>=2.0.0\",\n                \"tensorflow-datasets\",\n            ]\n            if sys.version_info[:2] < (3, 8)\n            else []\n        ),\n        \"testing\": [\n            # TODO(toshihikoyanase): Remove the version constraint after resolving the issue\n            # https://github.com/optuna/optuna/issues/1000.\n            \"bokeh<2.0.0\",\n            \"chainer>=5.0.0\",\n            \"cma\",\n            \"fanova\",\n            \"lightgbm\",\n            \"mock\",\n            \"mpi4py\",\n            \"mxnet\",\n            \"pandas\",\n            \"plotly>=4.0.0\",\n            \"pytest\",\n            \"pytorch-ignite\",\n            \"scikit-learn>=0.19.0\",\n            \"scikit-optimize\",\n            \"torch\",\n            \"torchvision>=0.5.0\",\n            \"xgboost\",\n        ]\n        + ([\"fastai<2\"] if (3, 5) < sys.version_info[:2] < (3, 8) else [])\n        + (\n            [\n                \"keras\",\n                # TODO(toshihikoyanase): Remove the version constraint after resolving the issue\n                # https://github.com/optuna/optuna/issues/997.\n                \"pytorch-lightning<0.7.0\",\n                \"tensorflow\",\n                \"tensorflow-datasets\",\n            ]\n            if sys.version_info[:2] < (3, 8)\n            else []\n        ),\n    }\n\n    return requirements\n\n\ndef find_any_distribution(pkgs: List[str]) -> Optional[pkg_resources.Distribution]:\n\n    for pkg in pkgs:\n        try:\n            return pkg_resources.get_distribution(pkg)\n        except pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound:\n            pass\n    return None\n\n\npfnopt_pkg = find_any_distribution([\"pfnopt\"])\nif pfnopt_pkg is not None:\n    msg = (\n        \"We detected that PFNOpt is installed in your environment.\\n\"\n        \"PFNOpt has been renamed Optuna. Please uninstall the old\\n\"\n        \"PFNOpt in advance (e.g. by executing `$ pip uninstall pfnopt`).\"\n    )\n    print(msg)\n    exit(1)\n\nsetup(\n    name=\"optuna\",\n    version=get_version(),\n    description=\"A hyperparameter optimization framework\",\n    long_description=get_long_description(),\n    long_description_content_type=\"text/markdown\",\n    author=\"Takuya Akiba\",\n    author_email=\"akiba@preferred.jp\",\n    url=\"https://optuna.org/\",\n    packages=find_packages(),\n    package_data={\n        \"optuna\": [\n            \"storages/rdb/alembic.ini\",\n            \"storages/rdb/alembic/*.*\",\n            \"storages/rdb/alembic/versions/*.*\",\n        ]\n    },\n    install_requires=get_install_requires(),\n    tests_require=get_tests_require(),\n    extras_require=get_extras_require(),\n    entry_points={\"console_scripts\": [\"optuna = optuna.cli:main\"]},\n)\n", "path": "setup.py"}], "after_files": [{"content": "import os\nimport sys\n\nimport pkg_resources\nfrom setuptools import find_packages\nfrom setuptools import setup\n\nfrom typing import Dict\nfrom typing import List\nfrom typing import Optional\n\n\ndef get_version() -> str:\n\n    version_filepath = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), \"optuna\", \"version.py\")\n    with open(version_filepath) as f:\n        for line in f:\n            if line.startswith(\"__version__\"):\n                return line.strip().split()[-1][1:-1]\n    assert False\n\n\ndef get_long_description() -> str:\n\n    readme_filepath = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), \"README.md\")\n    with open(readme_filepath) as f:\n        return f.read()\n\n\ndef get_install_requires() -> List[str]:\n\n    return [\n        \"alembic\",\n        \"cliff\",\n        \"cmaes\",\n        \"colorlog\",\n        \"joblib\",\n        \"numpy\",\n        \"scipy!=1.4.0\",\n        \"sqlalchemy>=1.1.0\",\n        \"tqdm\",\n    ]\n\n\ndef get_tests_require() -> List[str]:\n\n    return get_extras_require()[\"testing\"]\n\n\ndef get_extras_require() -> Dict[str, List[str]]:\n\n    requirements = {\n        \"checking\": [\"black\", \"hacking\", \"mypy\",],\n        \"codecov\": [\"codecov\", \"pytest-cov\",],\n        \"doctest\": [\"cma\", \"pandas\", \"plotly>=4.0.0\", \"scikit-learn>=0.19.0\", \"scikit-optimize\",],\n        \"document\": [\"sphinx\", \"sphinx_rtd_theme\",],\n        \"example\": [\n            \"catboost\",\n            \"chainer\",\n            \"lightgbm\",\n            \"mlflow\",\n            \"mpi4py\",\n            \"mxnet\",\n            \"nbval\",\n            \"pytorch-ignite\",\n            \"scikit-image\",\n            \"scikit-learn\",\n            \"torch\",\n            \"torchvision>=0.5.0\",\n            \"xgboost\",\n        ]\n        + ([\"allennlp\", \"fastai<2\"] if (3, 5) < sys.version_info[:2] < (3, 8) else [])\n        + (\n            [\n                \"dask[dataframe]\",\n                \"dask-ml\",\n                \"keras\",\n                # TODO(toshihikoyanase): Remove the version constraint after resolving the issue\n                # https://github.com/optuna/optuna/issues/997.\n                \"pytorch-lightning<0.7.0\",\n                \"tensorflow>=2.0.0\",\n                \"tensorflow-datasets\",\n            ]\n            if sys.version_info[:2] < (3, 8)\n            else []\n        ),\n        \"testing\": [\n            # TODO(toshihikoyanase): Remove the version constraint after resolving the issue\n            # https://github.com/optuna/optuna/issues/1000.\n            \"bokeh<2.0.0\",\n            \"chainer>=5.0.0\",\n            \"cma\",\n            \"fanova\",\n            \"lightgbm\",\n            \"mock\",\n            \"mpi4py\",\n            \"mxnet\",\n            \"pandas\",\n            \"plotly>=4.0.0\",\n            \"pytest\",\n            \"pytorch-ignite\",\n            \"scikit-learn>=0.19.0\",\n            \"scikit-optimize\",\n            \"torch\",\n            \"torchvision>=0.5.0\",\n            \"xgboost\",\n        ]\n        + ([\"fastai<2\"] if (3, 5) < sys.version_info[:2] < (3, 8) else [])\n        + (\n            [\n                \"keras\",\n                # TODO(toshihikoyanase): Remove the version constraint after resolving the issue\n                # https://github.com/optuna/optuna/issues/997.\n                \"pytorch-lightning<0.7.0\",\n                \"tensorflow\",\n                \"tensorflow-datasets\",\n            ]\n            if sys.version_info[:2] < (3, 8)\n            else []\n        ),\n    }\n\n    return requirements\n\n\ndef find_any_distribution(pkgs: List[str]) -> Optional[pkg_resources.Distribution]:\n\n    for pkg in pkgs:\n        try:\n            return pkg_resources.get_distribution(pkg)\n        except pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound:\n            pass\n    return None\n\n\npfnopt_pkg = find_any_distribution([\"pfnopt\"])\nif pfnopt_pkg is not None:\n    msg = (\n        \"We detected that PFNOpt is installed in your environment.\\n\"\n        \"PFNOpt has been renamed Optuna. Please uninstall the old\\n\"\n        \"PFNOpt in advance (e.g. by executing `$ pip uninstall pfnopt`).\"\n    )\n    print(msg)\n    exit(1)\n\nsetup(\n    name=\"optuna\",\n    version=get_version(),\n    description=\"A hyperparameter optimization framework\",\n    long_description=get_long_description(),\n    long_description_content_type=\"text/markdown\",\n    author=\"Takuya Akiba\",\n    author_email=\"akiba@preferred.jp\",\n    url=\"https://optuna.org/\",\n    packages=find_packages(),\n    package_data={\n        \"optuna\": [\n            \"storages/rdb/alembic.ini\",\n            \"storages/rdb/alembic/*.*\",\n            \"storages/rdb/alembic/versions/*.*\",\n        ]\n    },\n    install_requires=get_install_requires(),\n    tests_require=get_tests_require(),\n    extras_require=get_extras_require(),\n    entry_points={\"console_scripts\": [\"optuna = optuna.cli:main\"]},\n)\n", "path": "setup.py"}]}