prompt: We are currently solving the following issue within our repository. Here is the issue text:
  --- BEGIN ISSUE ---
  Bug: StorageObject doesn't return < 0 when using expiry
  ### Description
  
  When the stored value is expired, the returned interval is set to 86400 and will therefore not expire. 
  
  ### URL to code causing the issue
  
  https://github.com/litestar-org/litestar/blob/main/litestar/stores/base.py#L122
  
  ### MCVE
  
  ```python
  from pathlib import Path
  from litestar.stores.file import FileStore
  
  store = FileStore(path=Path("test.db"))
  
  async def setstore() -> None:
    await store.set("test", "value", expires_in=5)
    return None
  
  async def getstore() -> int:
    expiry = await store.expires_in("test")
    return expiry
  ```
  
  
  ### Steps to reproduce
  
  _No response_
  
  ### Screenshots
  
  ```bash
  "![expiry](https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/919193495690936353/1105483460677734501/image.png)"
  ```
  
  
  ### Logs
  
  _No response_
  
  ### Litestar Version
  
  `litestar==2.0.0a5`
  
  ### Platform
  
  - [ ] Linux
  - [X] Mac
  - [ ] Windows
  - [X] Other (Please specify in the description above)
  StaticFilesConfig and virtual directories
  I'm trying to write a ``FileSystemProtocol`` to load files from the package data using [importlib_resources](https://importlib-resources.readthedocs.io/en/latest/using.html#). But because ``directories`` is defined as ``DirectoryPath``, pydantic checks if the given directories exist in the local filesystem. 
  
  This is not generally true, especially in any kind of virtual filesystem (e.g. a zipped package). I think this condition should be relaxed to support virtual filesystems.
  
  https://github.com/starlite-api/starlite/blob/9bb6dcd57c10a591377cf8e3a537e9292566d5b9/starlite/config/static_files.py#L32
  
  --- END ISSUE ---
  
  Below are some code segments, each from a relevant file. One or more of these files may contain bugs.
  --- BEGIN FILES ---
  Path: `litestar/stores/base.py`
  Content:
  ```
  1 from __future__ import annotations
  2 
  3 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
  4 from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
  5 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
  6 
  7 from msgspec import Struct
  8 from msgspec.msgpack import decode as msgpack_decode
  9 from msgspec.msgpack import encode as msgpack_encode
  10 
  11 if TYPE_CHECKING:
  12     from typing_extensions import Self
  13 
  14 
  15 __all__ = ("Store", "NamespacedStore", "StorageObject")
  16 
  17 
  18 class Store(ABC):  # pragma: no cover
  19     """Thread and process safe asynchronous key/value store."""
  20 
  21     @abstractmethod
  22     async def set(self, key: str, value: str | bytes, expires_in: int | timedelta | None = None) -> None:
  23         """Set a value.
  24 
  25         Args:
  26             key: Key to associate the value with
  27             value: Value to store
  28             expires_in: Time in seconds before the key is considered expired
  29 
  30         Returns:
  31             ``None``
  32         """
  33         raise NotImplementedError
  34 
  35     @abstractmethod
  36     async def get(self, key: str, renew_for: int | timedelta | None = None) -> bytes | None:
  37         """Get a value.
  38 
  39         Args:
  40             key: Key associated with the value
  41             renew_for: If given and the value had an initial expiry time set, renew the
  42                 expiry time for ``renew_for`` seconds. If the value has not been set
  43                 with an expiry time this is a no-op
  44 
  45         Returns:
  46             The value associated with ``key`` if it exists and is not expired, else
  47             ``None``
  48         """
  49         raise NotImplementedError
  50 
  51     @abstractmethod
  52     async def delete(self, key: str) -> None:
  53         """Delete a value.
  54 
  55         If no such key exists, this is a no-op.
  56 
  57         Args:
  58             key: Key of the value to delete
  59         """
  60         raise NotImplementedError
  61 
  62     @abstractmethod
  63     async def delete_all(self) -> None:
  64         """Delete all stored values."""
  65         raise NotImplementedError
  66 
  67     @abstractmethod
  68     async def exists(self, key: str) -> bool:
  69         """Check if a given ``key`` exists."""
  70         raise NotImplementedError
  71 
  72     @abstractmethod
  73     async def expires_in(self, key: str) -> int | None:
  74         """Get the time in seconds ``key`` expires in. If no such ``key`` exists or no
  75         expiry time was set, return ``None``.
  76         """
  77         raise NotImplementedError
  78 
  79 
  80 class NamespacedStore(Store):
  81     """A subclass of :class:`Store`, offering hierarchical namespacing.
  82 
  83     Bulk actions on a parent namespace should affect all child namespaces, whereas other operations on all namespaces
  84     should be isolated.
  85     """
  86 
  87     @abstractmethod
  88     def with_namespace(self, namespace: str) -> Self:
  89         """Return a new instance of :class:`NamespacedStore`, which exists in a child namespace of the current namespace.
  90         Bulk actions on the parent namespace should affect all child namespaces, whereas other operations on all
  91         namespaces should be isolated.
  92         """
  93 
  94 
  95 class StorageObject(Struct):
  96     """:class:`msgspec.Struct` to store serialized data alongside with their expiry time."""
  97 
  98     expires_at: Optional[datetime]  # noqa: UP007
  99     data: bytes
  100 
  101     @classmethod
  102     def new(cls, data: bytes, expires_in: int | timedelta | None) -> StorageObject:
  103         """Construct a new :class:`StorageObject` instance."""
  104         if expires_in is not None and not isinstance(expires_in, timedelta):
  105             expires_in = timedelta(seconds=expires_in)
  106         return cls(
  107             data=data,
  108             expires_at=(datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc) + expires_in) if expires_in else None,
  109         )
  110 
  111     @property
  112     def expired(self) -> bool:
  113         """Return if the :class:`StorageObject` is expired"""
  114         return self.expires_at is not None and datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc) >= self.expires_at
  115 
  116     @property
  117     def expires_in(self) -> int:
  118         """Return the expiry time of this ``StorageObject`` in seconds. If no expiry time
  119         was set, return ``-1``.
  120         """
  121         if self.expires_at:
  122             return (self.expires_at - datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc)).seconds
  123         return -1
  124 
  125     def to_bytes(self) -> bytes:
  126         """Encode the instance to bytes"""
  127         return msgpack_encode(self)
  128 
  129     @classmethod
  130     def from_bytes(cls, raw: bytes) -> StorageObject:
  131         """Load a previously encoded with :meth:`StorageObject.to_bytes`"""
  132         return msgpack_decode(raw, type=cls)
  133
  ```
  --- END FILES ---
  
  Please first localize the bug based on the issue statement, and then generate a patch according to the `git diff` format fenced by three backticks.
  
  Here is an example:
  
  ```diff
  diff --git a/examples/server_async.py b/examples/server_async.py
  --- a/examples/server_async.py
  +++ b/examples/server_async.py
  @@ -313,4 +313,4 @@
   
   
   if __name__ == "__main__":
  -    asyncio.run(run_async_server("."), debug=True)
  +    asyncio.run(run_async_server(), debug=True)
  diff --git a/examples/server_sync.py b/examples/server_sync.py
  --- a/examples/server_sync.py
  +++ b/examples/server_sync.py
  @@ -313,5 +313,5 @@
   
   
   if __name__ == "__main__":
  -    server = run_sync_server(".")
  +    server = run_sync_server()
       server.shutdown()
  
  ```
  
golden_diff: diff --git a/litestar/stores/base.py b/litestar/stores/base.py
  --- a/litestar/stores/base.py
  +++ b/litestar/stores/base.py
  @@ -119,7 +119,7 @@
           was set, return ``-1``.
           """
           if self.expires_at:
  -            return (self.expires_at - datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc)).seconds
  +            return int(self.expires_at.timestamp() - datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc).timestamp())
           return -1
   
       def to_bytes(self) -> bytes:
  
verification_info: {"golden_diff": "diff --git a/litestar/stores/base.py b/litestar/stores/base.py\n--- a/litestar/stores/base.py\n+++ b/litestar/stores/base.py\n@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@\n         was set, return ``-1``.\n         \"\"\"\n         if self.expires_at:\n-            return (self.expires_at - datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc)).seconds\n+            return int(self.expires_at.timestamp() - datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc).timestamp())\n         return -1\n \n     def to_bytes(self) -> bytes:\n", "issue": "Bug: StorageObject doesn't return < 0 when using expiry\n### Description\n\nWhen the stored value is expired, the returned interval is set to 86400 and will therefore not expire. \n\n### URL to code causing the issue\n\nhttps://github.com/litestar-org/litestar/blob/main/litestar/stores/base.py#L122\n\n### MCVE\n\n```python\nfrom pathlib import Path\r\nfrom litestar.stores.file import FileStore\r\n\r\nstore = FileStore(path=Path(\"test.db\"))\r\n\r\nasync def setstore() -> None:\r\n  await store.set(\"test\", \"value\", expires_in=5)\r\n  return None\r\n\r\nasync def getstore() -> int:\r\n  expiry = await store.expires_in(\"test\")\r\n  return expiry\n```\n\n\n### Steps to reproduce\n\n_No response_\n\n### Screenshots\n\n```bash\n\"![expiry](https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/919193495690936353/1105483460677734501/image.png)\"\n```\n\n\n### Logs\n\n_No response_\n\n### Litestar Version\n\n`litestar==2.0.0a5`\n\n### Platform\n\n- [ ] Linux\n- [X] Mac\n- [ ] Windows\n- [X] Other (Please specify in the description above)\nStaticFilesConfig and virtual directories\nI'm trying to write a ``FileSystemProtocol`` to load files from the package data using [importlib_resources](https://importlib-resources.readthedocs.io/en/latest/using.html#). But because ``directories`` is defined as ``DirectoryPath``, pydantic checks if the given directories exist in the local filesystem. \r\n\r\nThis is not generally true, especially in any kind of virtual filesystem (e.g. a zipped package). I think this condition should be relaxed to support virtual filesystems.\r\n\r\nhttps://github.com/starlite-api/starlite/blob/9bb6dcd57c10a591377cf8e3a537e9292566d5b9/starlite/config/static_files.py#L32\n", "before_files": [{"content": "from __future__ import annotations\n\nfrom abc import ABC, abstractmethod\nfrom datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone\nfrom typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional\n\nfrom msgspec import Struct\nfrom msgspec.msgpack import decode as msgpack_decode\nfrom msgspec.msgpack import encode as msgpack_encode\n\nif TYPE_CHECKING:\n    from typing_extensions import Self\n\n\n__all__ = (\"Store\", \"NamespacedStore\", \"StorageObject\")\n\n\nclass Store(ABC):  # pragma: no cover\n    \"\"\"Thread and process safe asynchronous key/value store.\"\"\"\n\n    @abstractmethod\n    async def set(self, key: str, value: str | bytes, expires_in: int | timedelta | None = None) -> None:\n        \"\"\"Set a value.\n\n        Args:\n            key: Key to associate the value with\n            value: Value to store\n            expires_in: Time in seconds before the key is considered expired\n\n        Returns:\n            ``None``\n        \"\"\"\n        raise NotImplementedError\n\n    @abstractmethod\n    async def get(self, key: str, renew_for: int | timedelta | None = None) -> bytes | None:\n        \"\"\"Get a value.\n\n        Args:\n            key: Key associated with the value\n            renew_for: If given and the value had an initial expiry time set, renew the\n                expiry time for ``renew_for`` seconds. If the value has not been set\n                with an expiry time this is a no-op\n\n        Returns:\n            The value associated with ``key`` if it exists and is not expired, else\n            ``None``\n        \"\"\"\n        raise NotImplementedError\n\n    @abstractmethod\n    async def delete(self, key: str) -> None:\n        \"\"\"Delete a value.\n\n        If no such key exists, this is a no-op.\n\n        Args:\n            key: Key of the value to delete\n        \"\"\"\n        raise NotImplementedError\n\n    @abstractmethod\n    async def delete_all(self) -> None:\n        \"\"\"Delete all stored values.\"\"\"\n        raise NotImplementedError\n\n    @abstractmethod\n    async def exists(self, key: str) -> bool:\n        \"\"\"Check if a given ``key`` exists.\"\"\"\n        raise NotImplementedError\n\n    @abstractmethod\n    async def expires_in(self, key: str) -> int | None:\n        \"\"\"Get the time in seconds ``key`` expires in. If no such ``key`` exists or no\n        expiry time was set, return ``None``.\n        \"\"\"\n        raise NotImplementedError\n\n\nclass NamespacedStore(Store):\n    \"\"\"A subclass of :class:`Store`, offering hierarchical namespacing.\n\n    Bulk actions on a parent namespace should affect all child namespaces, whereas other operations on all namespaces\n    should be isolated.\n    \"\"\"\n\n    @abstractmethod\n    def with_namespace(self, namespace: str) -> Self:\n        \"\"\"Return a new instance of :class:`NamespacedStore`, which exists in a child namespace of the current namespace.\n        Bulk actions on the parent namespace should affect all child namespaces, whereas other operations on all\n        namespaces should be isolated.\n        \"\"\"\n\n\nclass StorageObject(Struct):\n    \"\"\":class:`msgspec.Struct` to store serialized data alongside with their expiry time.\"\"\"\n\n    expires_at: Optional[datetime]  # noqa: UP007\n    data: bytes\n\n    @classmethod\n    def new(cls, data: bytes, expires_in: int | timedelta | None) -> StorageObject:\n        \"\"\"Construct a new :class:`StorageObject` instance.\"\"\"\n        if expires_in is not None and not isinstance(expires_in, timedelta):\n            expires_in = timedelta(seconds=expires_in)\n        return cls(\n            data=data,\n            expires_at=(datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc) + expires_in) if expires_in else None,\n        )\n\n    @property\n    def expired(self) -> bool:\n        \"\"\"Return if the :class:`StorageObject` is expired\"\"\"\n        return self.expires_at is not None and datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc) >= self.expires_at\n\n    @property\n    def expires_in(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"Return the expiry time of this ``StorageObject`` in seconds. If no expiry time\n        was set, return ``-1``.\n        \"\"\"\n        if self.expires_at:\n            return (self.expires_at - datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc)).seconds\n        return -1\n\n    def to_bytes(self) -> bytes:\n        \"\"\"Encode the instance to bytes\"\"\"\n        return msgpack_encode(self)\n\n    @classmethod\n    def from_bytes(cls, raw: bytes) -> StorageObject:\n        \"\"\"Load a previously encoded with :meth:`StorageObject.to_bytes`\"\"\"\n        return msgpack_decode(raw, type=cls)\n", "path": "litestar/stores/base.py"}], "after_files": [{"content": "from __future__ import annotations\n\nfrom abc import ABC, abstractmethod\nfrom datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone\nfrom typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional\n\nfrom msgspec import Struct\nfrom msgspec.msgpack import decode as msgpack_decode\nfrom msgspec.msgpack import encode as msgpack_encode\n\nif TYPE_CHECKING:\n    from typing_extensions import Self\n\n\n__all__ = (\"Store\", \"NamespacedStore\", \"StorageObject\")\n\n\nclass Store(ABC):  # pragma: no cover\n    \"\"\"Thread and process safe asynchronous key/value store.\"\"\"\n\n    @abstractmethod\n    async def set(self, key: str, value: str | bytes, expires_in: int | timedelta | None = None) -> None:\n        \"\"\"Set a value.\n\n        Args:\n            key: Key to associate the value with\n            value: Value to store\n            expires_in: Time in seconds before the key is considered expired\n\n        Returns:\n            ``None``\n        \"\"\"\n        raise NotImplementedError\n\n    @abstractmethod\n    async def get(self, key: str, renew_for: int | timedelta | None = None) -> bytes | None:\n        \"\"\"Get a value.\n\n        Args:\n            key: Key associated with the value\n            renew_for: If given and the value had an initial expiry time set, renew the\n                expiry time for ``renew_for`` seconds. If the value has not been set\n                with an expiry time this is a no-op\n\n        Returns:\n            The value associated with ``key`` if it exists and is not expired, else\n            ``None``\n        \"\"\"\n        raise NotImplementedError\n\n    @abstractmethod\n    async def delete(self, key: str) -> None:\n        \"\"\"Delete a value.\n\n        If no such key exists, this is a no-op.\n\n        Args:\n            key: Key of the value to delete\n        \"\"\"\n        raise NotImplementedError\n\n    @abstractmethod\n    async def delete_all(self) -> None:\n        \"\"\"Delete all stored values.\"\"\"\n        raise NotImplementedError\n\n    @abstractmethod\n    async def exists(self, key: str) -> bool:\n        \"\"\"Check if a given ``key`` exists.\"\"\"\n        raise NotImplementedError\n\n    @abstractmethod\n    async def expires_in(self, key: str) -> int | None:\n        \"\"\"Get the time in seconds ``key`` expires in. If no such ``key`` exists or no\n        expiry time was set, return ``None``.\n        \"\"\"\n        raise NotImplementedError\n\n\nclass NamespacedStore(Store):\n    \"\"\"A subclass of :class:`Store`, offering hierarchical namespacing.\n\n    Bulk actions on a parent namespace should affect all child namespaces, whereas other operations on all namespaces\n    should be isolated.\n    \"\"\"\n\n    @abstractmethod\n    def with_namespace(self, namespace: str) -> Self:\n        \"\"\"Return a new instance of :class:`NamespacedStore`, which exists in a child namespace of the current namespace.\n        Bulk actions on the parent namespace should affect all child namespaces, whereas other operations on all\n        namespaces should be isolated.\n        \"\"\"\n\n\nclass StorageObject(Struct):\n    \"\"\":class:`msgspec.Struct` to store serialized data alongside with their expiry time.\"\"\"\n\n    expires_at: Optional[datetime]  # noqa: UP007\n    data: bytes\n\n    @classmethod\n    def new(cls, data: bytes, expires_in: int | timedelta | None) -> StorageObject:\n        \"\"\"Construct a new :class:`StorageObject` instance.\"\"\"\n        if expires_in is not None and not isinstance(expires_in, timedelta):\n            expires_in = timedelta(seconds=expires_in)\n        return cls(\n            data=data,\n            expires_at=(datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc) + expires_in) if expires_in else None,\n        )\n\n    @property\n    def expired(self) -> bool:\n        \"\"\"Return if the :class:`StorageObject` is expired\"\"\"\n        return self.expires_at is not None and datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc) >= self.expires_at\n\n    @property\n    def expires_in(self) -> int:\n        \"\"\"Return the expiry time of this ``StorageObject`` in seconds. If no expiry time\n        was set, return ``-1``.\n        \"\"\"\n        if self.expires_at:\n            return int(self.expires_at.timestamp() - datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc).timestamp())\n        return -1\n\n    def to_bytes(self) -> bytes:\n        \"\"\"Encode the instance to bytes\"\"\"\n        return msgpack_encode(self)\n\n    @classmethod\n    def from_bytes(cls, raw: bytes) -> StorageObject:\n        \"\"\"Load a previously encoded with :meth:`StorageObject.to_bytes`\"\"\"\n        return msgpack_decode(raw, type=cls)\n", "path": "litestar/stores/base.py"}]}