prompt: We are currently solving the following issue within our repository. Here is the issue text:
  --- BEGIN ISSUE ---
  AttributeErrror: module 'os' has no attribute 'popen2' when using voip module
  Hello I have installed the last scapy version, I want to use the module voip but i has the issue 
  AttributeErrror: module 'os' has no attribute 'popen2' when using voip_play function. 
  
  --- END ISSUE ---
  
  Below are some code segments, each from a relevant file. One or more of these files may contain bugs.
  --- BEGIN FILES ---
  Path: `scapy/modules/voip.py`
  Content:
  ```
  1 # This file is part of Scapy
  2 # See http://www.secdev.org/projects/scapy for more information
  3 # Copyright (C) Philippe Biondi <phil@secdev.org>
  4 # This program is published under a GPLv2 license
  5 
  6 """
  7 VoIP (Voice over IP) related functions
  8 """
  9 
  10 from __future__ import absolute_import
  11 import os
  12 ###################
  13 #   Listen VoIP   #
  14 ###################
  15 
  16 from scapy.sendrecv import sniff
  17 from scapy.layers.inet import IP, UDP
  18 from scapy.layers.rtp import RTP
  19 from scapy.consts import WINDOWS
  20 from scapy.config import conf
  21 from scapy.modules.six.moves import range
  22 
  23 
  24 sox_base = "sox -t .ul %s - -t ossdsp /dev/dsp"
  25 
  26 if WINDOWS:
  27     if conf.prog.sox is None:
  28         raise OSError("Sox must be installed to play VoIP packets")
  29     sox_base = "\"" + conf.prog.sox + "\" -t .ul %s - -t waveaudio"
  30 
  31 
  32 def _merge_sound_bytes(x, y, sample_size=2):
  33     # TODO: find a better way to merge sound bytes
  34     # This will only add them one next to each other:
  35     # \xff + \xff ==> \xff\xff
  36     m = ""
  37     ss = sample_size
  38     min_ = 0
  39     if len(x) >= len(y):
  40         min_ = y
  41     elif len(x) < len(y):
  42         min_ = x
  43     r_ = len(min_)
  44     for i in range(r_ / ss):
  45         m += x[ss * i:ss * (i + 1)] + y[ss * i:ss * (i + 1)]
  46     return x[r_:], y[r_:], m
  47 
  48 
  49 def voip_play(s1, lst=None, **kargs):
  50     """Play VoIP packets with RAW data that
  51     are either sniffed either from an IP, or
  52     specified as a list.
  53 
  54     It will play only the incoming packets !
  55 
  56     :param s1: The IP of the src of all VoIP packets.
  57     :param lst: (optional) A list of packets to load
  58     :type s1: string
  59     :type lst: list
  60 
  61     :Example:
  62 
  63     >>> voip_play("64.2.142.189")
  64     while calling '411@ideasip.com'
  65 
  66     >>> voip_play("64.2.142.189", lst)
  67     with list a list of packets with VoIP data
  68     in their RAW layer
  69 
  70     .. seealso:: voip_play2
  71     to play both the outcoming and incoming packets
  72     at the same time.
  73 
  74     .. seealso:: voip_play3
  75     to read RTP VoIP packets
  76     """
  77 
  78     dsp, rd = os.popen2(sox_base % "")
  79 
  80     def play(pkt):
  81         if not pkt:
  82             return
  83         if not pkt.haslayer(UDP) or not pkt.haslayer(IP):
  84             return
  85         ip = pkt.getlayer(IP)
  86         if s1 == ip.src:
  87             dsp.write(pkt.getlayer(conf.raw_layer).load[12:])
  88     try:
  89         if lst is None:
  90             sniff(store=0, prn=play, **kargs)
  91         else:
  92             for p in lst:
  93                 play(p)
  94     finally:
  95         dsp.close()
  96         rd.close()
  97 
  98 
  99 def voip_play1(s1, lst=None, **kargs):
  100     """Same than voip_play, backward compatibility
  101     """
  102     return voip_play(s1, lst, **kargs)
  103 
  104 
  105 def voip_play2(s1, **kargs):
  106     """
  107     Same than voip_play, but will play
  108     both incoming and outcoming packets.
  109     The sound will surely suffer distortion.
  110 
  111     Only supports sniffing.
  112 
  113     .. seealso:: voip_play
  114     to play only incoming packets.
  115     """
  116     dsp, rd = os.popen2(sox_base % "-c 2")
  117     global x1, x2
  118     x1 = ""
  119     x2 = ""
  120 
  121     def play(pkt):
  122         global x1, x2
  123         if not pkt:
  124             return
  125         if not pkt.haslayer(UDP) or not pkt.haslayer(IP):
  126             return
  127         ip = pkt.getlayer(IP)
  128         if s1 in [ip.src, ip.dst]:
  129             if ip.dst == s1:
  130                 x1 += pkt.getlayer(conf.raw_layer).load[12:]
  131             else:
  132                 x2 += pkt.getlayer(conf.raw_layer).load[12:]
  133             x1, x2, r = _merge_sound_bytes(x1, x2)
  134             dsp.write(r)
  135 
  136     sniff(store=0, prn=play, **kargs)
  137 
  138 
  139 def voip_play3(lst=None, **kargs):
  140     """Same than voip_play, but made to
  141     read and play VoIP RTP packets, without
  142     checking IP.
  143 
  144     .. seealso:: voip_play
  145     for basic VoIP packets
  146     """
  147     dsp, rd = os.popen2(sox_base % "")
  148 
  149     def play(pkt, dsp=dsp):
  150         if pkt and pkt.haslayer(UDP) and pkt.haslayer(RTP):
  151             dsp.write(pkt.getlayer(RTP).load)
  152     try:
  153         if lst is None:
  154             sniff(store=0, prn=play, **kargs)
  155         else:
  156             for p in lst:
  157                 play(p)
  158     finally:
  159         try:
  160             dsp.close()
  161             rd.close()
  162         except Exception:
  163             pass
  164
  ```
  --- END FILES ---
  
  Please first localize the bug based on the issue statement, and then generate a patch according to the `git diff` format fenced by three backticks.
  
  Here is an example:
  
  ```diff
  diff --git a/examples/server_async.py b/examples/server_async.py
  --- a/examples/server_async.py
  +++ b/examples/server_async.py
  @@ -313,4 +313,4 @@
   
   
   if __name__ == "__main__":
  -    asyncio.run(run_async_server("."), debug=True)
  +    asyncio.run(run_async_server(), debug=True)
  diff --git a/examples/server_sync.py b/examples/server_sync.py
  --- a/examples/server_sync.py
  +++ b/examples/server_sync.py
  @@ -313,5 +313,5 @@
   
   
   if __name__ == "__main__":
  -    server = run_sync_server(".")
  +    server = run_sync_server()
       server.shutdown()
  
  ```
  
golden_diff: diff --git a/scapy/modules/voip.py b/scapy/modules/voip.py
  --- a/scapy/modules/voip.py
  +++ b/scapy/modules/voip.py
  @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
   """
   
   from __future__ import absolute_import
  -import os
  +import subprocess
   ###################
   #   Listen VoIP   #
   ###################
  @@ -21,12 +21,12 @@
   from scapy.modules.six.moves import range
   
   
  -sox_base = "sox -t .ul %s - -t ossdsp /dev/dsp"
  +sox_base = (["sox", "-t", ".ul"], ["-", "-t", "ossdsp", "/dev/dsp"])
   
   if WINDOWS:
       if conf.prog.sox is None:
           raise OSError("Sox must be installed to play VoIP packets")
  -    sox_base = "\"" + conf.prog.sox + "\" -t .ul %s - -t waveaudio"
  +    sox_base = ([conf.prog.sox, "-t", ".ul"], ["-", "-t", "waveaudio"])
   
   
   def _merge_sound_bytes(x, y, sample_size=2):
  @@ -75,7 +75,9 @@
       to read RTP VoIP packets
       """
   
  -    dsp, rd = os.popen2(sox_base % "")
  +    proc = subprocess.Popen(sox_base[0] + sox_base[1], stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
  +                            stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
  +    dsp, rd = proc.stdin, proc.stdout
   
       def play(pkt):
           if not pkt:
  @@ -113,7 +115,9 @@
       .. seealso:: voip_play
       to play only incoming packets.
       """
  -    dsp, rd = os.popen2(sox_base % "-c 2")
  +    proc = subprocess.Popen(sox_base[0] + ["-c", "2"] + sox_base[1],
  +                            stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
  +    dsp, rd = proc.stdin, proc.stdout
       global x1, x2
       x1 = ""
       x2 = ""
  @@ -133,7 +137,14 @@
               x1, x2, r = _merge_sound_bytes(x1, x2)
               dsp.write(r)
   
  -    sniff(store=0, prn=play, **kargs)
  +    try:
  +        sniff(store=0, prn=play, **kargs)
  +    finally:
  +        try:
  +            dsp.close()
  +            rd.close()
  +        except Exception:
  +            pass
   
   
   def voip_play3(lst=None, **kargs):
  @@ -144,7 +155,9 @@
       .. seealso:: voip_play
       for basic VoIP packets
       """
  -    dsp, rd = os.popen2(sox_base % "")
  +    proc = subprocess.Popen(sox_base[0] + sox_base[1], stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
  +                            stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
  +    dsp, rd = proc.stdin, proc.stdout
   
       def play(pkt, dsp=dsp):
           if pkt and pkt.haslayer(UDP) and pkt.haslayer(RTP):
  
verification_info: {"golden_diff": "diff --git a/scapy/modules/voip.py b/scapy/modules/voip.py\n--- a/scapy/modules/voip.py\n+++ b/scapy/modules/voip.py\n@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@\n \"\"\"\n \n from __future__ import absolute_import\n-import os\n+import subprocess\n ###################\n #   Listen VoIP   #\n ###################\n@@ -21,12 +21,12 @@\n from scapy.modules.six.moves import range\n \n \n-sox_base = \"sox -t .ul %s - -t ossdsp /dev/dsp\"\n+sox_base = ([\"sox\", \"-t\", \".ul\"], [\"-\", \"-t\", \"ossdsp\", \"/dev/dsp\"])\n \n if WINDOWS:\n     if conf.prog.sox is None:\n         raise OSError(\"Sox must be installed to play VoIP packets\")\n-    sox_base = \"\\\"\" + conf.prog.sox + \"\\\" -t .ul %s - -t waveaudio\"\n+    sox_base = ([conf.prog.sox, \"-t\", \".ul\"], [\"-\", \"-t\", \"waveaudio\"])\n \n \n def _merge_sound_bytes(x, y, sample_size=2):\n@@ -75,7 +75,9 @@\n     to read RTP VoIP packets\n     \"\"\"\n \n-    dsp, rd = os.popen2(sox_base % \"\")\n+    proc = subprocess.Popen(sox_base[0] + sox_base[1], stdin=subprocess.PIPE,\n+                            stdout=subprocess.PIPE)\n+    dsp, rd = proc.stdin, proc.stdout\n \n     def play(pkt):\n         if not pkt:\n@@ -113,7 +115,9 @@\n     .. seealso:: voip_play\n     to play only incoming packets.\n     \"\"\"\n-    dsp, rd = os.popen2(sox_base % \"-c 2\")\n+    proc = subprocess.Popen(sox_base[0] + [\"-c\", \"2\"] + sox_base[1],\n+                            stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)\n+    dsp, rd = proc.stdin, proc.stdout\n     global x1, x2\n     x1 = \"\"\n     x2 = \"\"\n@@ -133,7 +137,14 @@\n             x1, x2, r = _merge_sound_bytes(x1, x2)\n             dsp.write(r)\n \n-    sniff(store=0, prn=play, **kargs)\n+    try:\n+        sniff(store=0, prn=play, **kargs)\n+    finally:\n+        try:\n+            dsp.close()\n+            rd.close()\n+        except Exception:\n+            pass\n \n \n def voip_play3(lst=None, **kargs):\n@@ -144,7 +155,9 @@\n     .. seealso:: voip_play\n     for basic VoIP packets\n     \"\"\"\n-    dsp, rd = os.popen2(sox_base % \"\")\n+    proc = subprocess.Popen(sox_base[0] + sox_base[1], stdin=subprocess.PIPE,\n+                            stdout=subprocess.PIPE)\n+    dsp, rd = proc.stdin, proc.stdout\n \n     def play(pkt, dsp=dsp):\n         if pkt and pkt.haslayer(UDP) and pkt.haslayer(RTP):\n", "issue": "AttributeErrror: module 'os' has no attribute 'popen2' when using voip module\nHello I have installed the last scapy version, I want to use the module voip but i has the issue \r\nAttributeErrror: module 'os' has no attribute 'popen2' when using voip_play function. \n", "before_files": [{"content": "# This file is part of Scapy\n# See http://www.secdev.org/projects/scapy for more information\n# Copyright (C) Philippe Biondi <phil@secdev.org>\n# This program is published under a GPLv2 license\n\n\"\"\"\nVoIP (Voice over IP) related functions\n\"\"\"\n\nfrom __future__ import absolute_import\nimport os\n###################\n#   Listen VoIP   #\n###################\n\nfrom scapy.sendrecv import sniff\nfrom scapy.layers.inet import IP, UDP\nfrom scapy.layers.rtp import RTP\nfrom scapy.consts import WINDOWS\nfrom scapy.config import conf\nfrom scapy.modules.six.moves import range\n\n\nsox_base = \"sox -t .ul %s - -t ossdsp /dev/dsp\"\n\nif WINDOWS:\n    if conf.prog.sox is None:\n        raise OSError(\"Sox must be installed to play VoIP packets\")\n    sox_base = \"\\\"\" + conf.prog.sox + \"\\\" -t .ul %s - -t waveaudio\"\n\n\ndef _merge_sound_bytes(x, y, sample_size=2):\n    # TODO: find a better way to merge sound bytes\n    # This will only add them one next to each other:\n    # \\xff + \\xff ==> \\xff\\xff\n    m = \"\"\n    ss = sample_size\n    min_ = 0\n    if len(x) >= len(y):\n        min_ = y\n    elif len(x) < len(y):\n        min_ = x\n    r_ = len(min_)\n    for i in range(r_ / ss):\n        m += x[ss * i:ss * (i + 1)] + y[ss * i:ss * (i + 1)]\n    return x[r_:], y[r_:], m\n\n\ndef voip_play(s1, lst=None, **kargs):\n    \"\"\"Play VoIP packets with RAW data that\n    are either sniffed either from an IP, or\n    specified as a list.\n\n    It will play only the incoming packets !\n\n    :param s1: The IP of the src of all VoIP packets.\n    :param lst: (optional) A list of packets to load\n    :type s1: string\n    :type lst: list\n\n    :Example:\n\n    >>> voip_play(\"64.2.142.189\")\n    while calling '411@ideasip.com'\n\n    >>> voip_play(\"64.2.142.189\", lst)\n    with list a list of packets with VoIP data\n    in their RAW layer\n\n    .. seealso:: voip_play2\n    to play both the outcoming and incoming packets\n    at the same time.\n\n    .. seealso:: voip_play3\n    to read RTP VoIP packets\n    \"\"\"\n\n    dsp, rd = os.popen2(sox_base % \"\")\n\n    def play(pkt):\n        if not pkt:\n            return\n        if not pkt.haslayer(UDP) or not pkt.haslayer(IP):\n            return\n        ip = pkt.getlayer(IP)\n        if s1 == ip.src:\n            dsp.write(pkt.getlayer(conf.raw_layer).load[12:])\n    try:\n        if lst is None:\n            sniff(store=0, prn=play, **kargs)\n        else:\n            for p in lst:\n                play(p)\n    finally:\n        dsp.close()\n        rd.close()\n\n\ndef voip_play1(s1, lst=None, **kargs):\n    \"\"\"Same than voip_play, backward compatibility\n    \"\"\"\n    return voip_play(s1, lst, **kargs)\n\n\ndef voip_play2(s1, **kargs):\n    \"\"\"\n    Same than voip_play, but will play\n    both incoming and outcoming packets.\n    The sound will surely suffer distortion.\n\n    Only supports sniffing.\n\n    .. seealso:: voip_play\n    to play only incoming packets.\n    \"\"\"\n    dsp, rd = os.popen2(sox_base % \"-c 2\")\n    global x1, x2\n    x1 = \"\"\n    x2 = \"\"\n\n    def play(pkt):\n        global x1, x2\n        if not pkt:\n            return\n        if not pkt.haslayer(UDP) or not pkt.haslayer(IP):\n            return\n        ip = pkt.getlayer(IP)\n        if s1 in [ip.src, ip.dst]:\n            if ip.dst == s1:\n                x1 += pkt.getlayer(conf.raw_layer).load[12:]\n            else:\n                x2 += pkt.getlayer(conf.raw_layer).load[12:]\n            x1, x2, r = _merge_sound_bytes(x1, x2)\n            dsp.write(r)\n\n    sniff(store=0, prn=play, **kargs)\n\n\ndef voip_play3(lst=None, **kargs):\n    \"\"\"Same than voip_play, but made to\n    read and play VoIP RTP packets, without\n    checking IP.\n\n    .. seealso:: voip_play\n    for basic VoIP packets\n    \"\"\"\n    dsp, rd = os.popen2(sox_base % \"\")\n\n    def play(pkt, dsp=dsp):\n        if pkt and pkt.haslayer(UDP) and pkt.haslayer(RTP):\n            dsp.write(pkt.getlayer(RTP).load)\n    try:\n        if lst is None:\n            sniff(store=0, prn=play, **kargs)\n        else:\n            for p in lst:\n                play(p)\n    finally:\n        try:\n            dsp.close()\n            rd.close()\n        except Exception:\n            pass\n", "path": "scapy/modules/voip.py"}], "after_files": [{"content": "# This file is part of Scapy\n# See http://www.secdev.org/projects/scapy for more information\n# Copyright (C) Philippe Biondi <phil@secdev.org>\n# This program is published under a GPLv2 license\n\n\"\"\"\nVoIP (Voice over IP) related functions\n\"\"\"\n\nfrom __future__ import absolute_import\nimport subprocess\n###################\n#   Listen VoIP   #\n###################\n\nfrom scapy.sendrecv import sniff\nfrom scapy.layers.inet import IP, UDP\nfrom scapy.layers.rtp import RTP\nfrom scapy.consts import WINDOWS\nfrom scapy.config import conf\nfrom scapy.modules.six.moves import range\n\n\nsox_base = ([\"sox\", \"-t\", \".ul\"], [\"-\", \"-t\", \"ossdsp\", \"/dev/dsp\"])\n\nif WINDOWS:\n    if conf.prog.sox is None:\n        raise OSError(\"Sox must be installed to play VoIP packets\")\n    sox_base = ([conf.prog.sox, \"-t\", \".ul\"], [\"-\", \"-t\", \"waveaudio\"])\n\n\ndef _merge_sound_bytes(x, y, sample_size=2):\n    # TODO: find a better way to merge sound bytes\n    # This will only add them one next to each other:\n    # \\xff + \\xff ==> \\xff\\xff\n    m = \"\"\n    ss = sample_size\n    min_ = 0\n    if len(x) >= len(y):\n        min_ = y\n    elif len(x) < len(y):\n        min_ = x\n    r_ = len(min_)\n    for i in range(r_ / ss):\n        m += x[ss * i:ss * (i + 1)] + y[ss * i:ss * (i + 1)]\n    return x[r_:], y[r_:], m\n\n\ndef voip_play(s1, lst=None, **kargs):\n    \"\"\"Play VoIP packets with RAW data that\n    are either sniffed either from an IP, or\n    specified as a list.\n\n    It will play only the incoming packets !\n\n    :param s1: The IP of the src of all VoIP packets.\n    :param lst: (optional) A list of packets to load\n    :type s1: string\n    :type lst: list\n\n    :Example:\n\n    >>> voip_play(\"64.2.142.189\")\n    while calling '411@ideasip.com'\n\n    >>> voip_play(\"64.2.142.189\", lst)\n    with list a list of packets with VoIP data\n    in their RAW layer\n\n    .. seealso:: voip_play2\n    to play both the outcoming and incoming packets\n    at the same time.\n\n    .. seealso:: voip_play3\n    to read RTP VoIP packets\n    \"\"\"\n\n    proc = subprocess.Popen(sox_base[0] + sox_base[1], stdin=subprocess.PIPE,\n                            stdout=subprocess.PIPE)\n    dsp, rd = proc.stdin, proc.stdout\n\n    def play(pkt):\n        if not pkt:\n            return\n        if not pkt.haslayer(UDP) or not pkt.haslayer(IP):\n            return\n        ip = pkt.getlayer(IP)\n        if s1 == ip.src:\n            dsp.write(pkt.getlayer(conf.raw_layer).load[12:])\n    try:\n        if lst is None:\n            sniff(store=0, prn=play, **kargs)\n        else:\n            for p in lst:\n                play(p)\n    finally:\n        dsp.close()\n        rd.close()\n\n\ndef voip_play1(s1, lst=None, **kargs):\n    \"\"\"Same than voip_play, backward compatibility\n    \"\"\"\n    return voip_play(s1, lst, **kargs)\n\n\ndef voip_play2(s1, **kargs):\n    \"\"\"\n    Same than voip_play, but will play\n    both incoming and outcoming packets.\n    The sound will surely suffer distortion.\n\n    Only supports sniffing.\n\n    .. seealso:: voip_play\n    to play only incoming packets.\n    \"\"\"\n    proc = subprocess.Popen(sox_base[0] + [\"-c\", \"2\"] + sox_base[1],\n                            stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)\n    dsp, rd = proc.stdin, proc.stdout\n    global x1, x2\n    x1 = \"\"\n    x2 = \"\"\n\n    def play(pkt):\n        global x1, x2\n        if not pkt:\n            return\n        if not pkt.haslayer(UDP) or not pkt.haslayer(IP):\n            return\n        ip = pkt.getlayer(IP)\n        if s1 in [ip.src, ip.dst]:\n            if ip.dst == s1:\n                x1 += pkt.getlayer(conf.raw_layer).load[12:]\n            else:\n                x2 += pkt.getlayer(conf.raw_layer).load[12:]\n            x1, x2, r = _merge_sound_bytes(x1, x2)\n            dsp.write(r)\n\n    try:\n        sniff(store=0, prn=play, **kargs)\n    finally:\n        try:\n            dsp.close()\n            rd.close()\n        except Exception:\n            pass\n\n\ndef voip_play3(lst=None, **kargs):\n    \"\"\"Same than voip_play, but made to\n    read and play VoIP RTP packets, without\n    checking IP.\n\n    .. seealso:: voip_play\n    for basic VoIP packets\n    \"\"\"\n    proc = subprocess.Popen(sox_base[0] + sox_base[1], stdin=subprocess.PIPE,\n                            stdout=subprocess.PIPE)\n    dsp, rd = proc.stdin, proc.stdout\n\n    def play(pkt, dsp=dsp):\n        if pkt and pkt.haslayer(UDP) and pkt.haslayer(RTP):\n            dsp.write(pkt.getlayer(RTP).load)\n    try:\n        if lst is None:\n            sniff(store=0, prn=play, **kargs)\n        else:\n            for p in lst:\n                play(p)\n    finally:\n        try:\n            dsp.close()\n            rd.close()\n        except Exception:\n            pass\n", "path": "scapy/modules/voip.py"}]}