TXNRD3, Official Symbol TXNRD3provided by HGNC Official Full Name thioredoxin reductase 3provided by HGNC Primary source HGNC:HGNC:20667 See related Ensembl:ENSG00000197763 MIM:606235; AllianceGenome:HGNC:20667 Gene type protein coding RefSeq status REVIEWED Organism Homo sapiens Lineage Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo Also known as TGR; TR2; TRXR3; TXNR3; TR2IT1; TXNRD3NB; TXNRD3IT1; TXNRD3NT1 Summary The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family, and is a member of the thioredoxin (Trx) system. Three thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) isozymes are found in mammals. TrxRs are selenocysteine-containing flavoenzymes, which reduce thioredoxins, as well as other substrates, and play a key role in redox homoeostasis. This gene encodes the third TrxR, which unlike the other two isozymes, contains an additional N-terminal glutaredoxin (Grx) domain, and shows highest expression in testis. The Grx domain allows this isozyme to participate in both Trx and glutathione systems. It functions as a homodimer containing FAD, and selenocysteine (Sec) at the active site. Sec is encoded by UGA codon that normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTRs of selenoprotein mRNAs contain a conserved stem-loop structure, the Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element, which is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon rather than as a stop signal. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. Experimental evidence suggests the use of a non-AUG (CUG) codon as a translation initiation codon (PMID:20018845). [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017] Expression Broad expression in testis (RPKM 13.6), thyroid (RPKM 4.0) and 21 other tissues See more Orthologs mouse all