TLR4, Official Symbol TLR4provided by HGNC Official Full Name toll like receptor 4provided by HGNC Primary source HGNC:HGNC:11850 See related Ensembl:ENSG00000136869 MIM:603030; AllianceGenome:HGNC:11850 Gene type protein coding RefSeq status REVIEWED Organism Homo sapiens Lineage Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo Also known as TOLL; CD284; TLR-4; ARMD10 Summary The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. In silico studies have found a particularly strong binding of surface TLR4 with the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). This receptor has also been implicated in signal transduction events induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) found in most gram-negative bacteria. Mutations in this gene have been associated with differences in LPS responsiveness, and with susceptibility to age-related macular degeneration. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2020] Annotation information Note: This gene has been reviewed for its involvement in coronavirus biology, and is relevant for COVID-19 treatment. Expression Broad expression in spleen (RPKM 17.1), appendix (RPKM 15.6) and 22 other tissues See more Orthologs mouse all