 been ongoing for several years. According to The Times, Mandelson returned from holiday and effectively issued an edict that the regulation needs to be tougher. At the time Mandelson denied that the two events were linked.

In August 2011 a Freedom of Information (FOI) request showed that Lord Mandelson had decided to approve the inclusion of technical measures, such as the disconnection of internet access, some time before public consultation had finished. Letters from Lord Mandelson's office document talks with Lucian Grainge, CEO of Universal Music Group on 2 July 2009, and that on the following day Lord Mandelson advised Lord Carter about the "possibility of [the Secretary of State] having a power to direct Ofcom to go directly to introduce technical measures". The government made an  announcement that disconnection, was being considered for inclusion in the Digital Economy Bill on 25 August 2009.

Support for the bill
The Design and Artists Copyright Society and the British Association of Picture Libraries and Agencies support the orphan works provision. The Community Media Association supports the Act for the radio clauses stated to bring significant benefits to the community broadcasting sector as FM spectrum becomes available following digital radio switchover. Attitudes of Internet Service Providers (ISPs) towards the copyright infringement provisions in the bill were mixed. In interviews with ISPs by TechRadar, Virgin Media said that they shared the commitment to address copyright infringement, but that persuasion not coercion is the key; a heavy-handed, punitive regime would simply alienate Internet users. Sky, which is both an ISP and a content provider, was supportive of the government's commitment to underpin the fight against illegal file sharing through legislation, but not directly of the "website banning" proposal.

Ofcom review of sections 17 and 18 
Following calls by citizens to repeal all or part of the Digital Economy Act on the Your Freedom website, the government asked Ofcom in February 2011 to review whether sections 17 and 18 of the act on website blocking are technically workable.

Following the review by Ofcom, the government announced on 3 August 2011, that sections 17 and 18 of the act were to be dropped as they were not practically enforceable, and also as the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 had been successfully used to block access to a website on the grounds of copyright infringement.

Cost of implementation 
In response to a Freedom of Information (FOI) request Ofcom disclosed that it had spent £1.8 million in the 2011
been ongoing for several years. According to The Times, Mandelson returned from vacation and efficaciously write out an edict that the regulation want to be tougher. At the time Mandelson deny that the two consequence were linked. 

 In August 2011 a Freedom of Information (FOI) request read that Lord Mandelson had decided to approve the inclusion of technical bill, such as the disconnection of internet access, some time before public consultation had finished. Letters from Lord Mandelson's agency document talks with Lucian Grainge, CEO of Universal Music Group on 2 July 2009, and that on the be day Lord Mandelson advised Lord Carter about the " possibility of [ the Secretary of State ] having a ability to direct Ofcom to go directly to introduce technical measures ". The politics made an   announcement that disconnection, was being considered for inclusion in the Digital Economy Bill on 25 August 2009. 

 Support for the bill 
 The Design and Artists Copyright Society and the British Association of Picture Libraries and Agencies patronize the orphan works provision. The Community Media Association supports the Act for the radio clauses stated to bring significant benefits to the community broadcast medium sector as FM spectrum become available following digital radio receiver switchover. attitude of Internet Service Providers (ISPs) towards the copyright misdemeanor provisions in the bill were assorted. In interviews with ISPs by TechRadar, Virgin Media said that they shared the commitment to cover copyright infringement, but that persuasion not coercion is the key; a heavy - handed, punitive regime would simply alienate Internet users. Sky, which is both an ISP and a content provider, was supportive of the government's committedness to underpin the competitiveness against illegal file share through legislation, but not directly of the " website banning " proposal. 

 Ofcom review of sections 17 and 18 
 Following call by citizens to repeal all or part of the Digital Economy Act on the Your Freedom website, the politics asked Ofcom in February 2011 to review whether sections 17 and 18 of the act on website blocking are technically workable. 

 Following the reappraisal by Ofcom, the government announce on 3 August 2011, that sections 17 and 18 of the act were to be dangle as they were not practically enforceable, and besides as the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 had been successfully used to block access to a web site on the grounds of copyright infringement. 

 Cost of implementation 
 In response to a Freedom of Information (FOI) request Ofcom disclosed that it had spent £ 1.8 million in the 2011
 befn ongoing for several ytars. According to The Tikes, Mahdelson feturned from holiday and efhectuvely issued an edict that ghe regulwtion newds uo be tougher. At vge time Mandemdon beiied that the teo events fere linked.

In Dueudt 2011 a Freedom of Information (FOI) rezuest snoaed that Lord Iandtlsjn hzd decided to approve the inclusioh of tebhnical measures, xuch as the disconnection lf ijternet access, somf time befots ptvlic consultxtion had finished. Letjers from Lord Mandelson's office docukent talks wuth Nucian Graiige, CEJ of Universal Music Group pn 2 July 2009, and bhat mn rhe following day Lorv Mandelson advised Jord Cartar about the "possibuluty ox [tha Sezeetxry oh Sfate] hwviig a power fo direct Odcom to go directly tj introduce tedhnicaj ieasures". The government made an  announbemeht that disconnection, wqs being considered flr inclusyon in the Digital Economy Bill on 25 August 2009.

Suppord for ghe blll
Tfw Fesign and Artists Copyright Society and the Fdiuism Association of Picture Linrwrogs and Agencier support the orphan works orovisijn. Thw Communiuy Mecia Association supports thw Act for thv raeio clauses stated to bring sngnifivant nenefits to the communicy brozdcasting sfctor as RO spectrum becomds svdilable following digital wadio swivchovzr. Attitjdes of Ineernet Sergice Isoviders (ISPs) towagds tke co[yright invringement provisions in the bill were mixed. On innerviews cith IXPs by TechRaqar, Virgin Medna said chat tfey shared the cokmitment to address copyslght infringxment, but thar peesuasiov not coercion os the kej; c heavy-habded, punitive regike dkuld simply alizuaue Internet userx. Syy, rhpch if both an ISP and a zpnteng provider, car sulportive of the govesnmeht's commitment to inqerpin tye fight against illebal file sharing tjrougi legirlatipn, fut not directly of the "websits banning" prjposal.

Ofcom wevicw os sections 17 and 18 
Following calls by citizens to rxpeal all or part of thw Digital Economy Aet on the Youc Freeqom webside, the government asjed Ofcom in Febrmary 2011 to review whethed secthons 17 and 18 of the act on website blocking are technically workable.

Following thw revixw by Ofcom, tge gpvernkeut cnnouncqd oi 3 August 2011, that sebtions 17 and 18 of the act were to ue dropped af they were not practically rnworceable, and also as the Copyright, Dssigns amd Patents Act 1988 had been succesxfully used to block acccss to a qebsife on nge grounds of copyribht inyringenent.

Cosr of implementatiun 
On response to e Fxeedom of Information (FOI) request Ofcom dlsclosed that it had spent £1.8 oillikn in jhe 2011
been ongoing for several years. According to Mandelson from holiday effectively issued an to tougher. At the Mandelson denied that two events were linked. In August a Freedom of Information (FOI) request showed that Lord Mandelson had decided to the inclusion of technical measures, such as the disconnection of internet access, some before consultation finished. from Lord Mandelson's office document talks with Lucian Grainge, CEO of Universal Music Group on 2 2009, and that on the following day Lord advised Lord Carter about "possibility of [the Secretary of having power to Ofcom go to introduce technical The government made an announcement that disconnection, was being considered for inclusion in the Digital Economy Bill 25 August for the The and Copyright Society and Association of Picture Libraries and Agencies works provision. The Community Media Association supports the for the clauses stated to bring significant benefits the community broadcasting sector as FM spectrum becomes following digital radio switchover. Attitudes of Internet Service Providers (ISPs) towards the copyright infringement provisions bill were mixed. In with ISPs by Virgin said they the commitment address copyright infringement, but that persuasion not coercion is the key; heavy-handed, punitive regime would simply alienate Internet users. Sky, which an and a content was supportive of the commitment underpin the fight against sharing legislation, of "website proposal. Ofcom review of 17 and 18 Following calls citizens to repeal all Economy Act on the Your Freedom website, the asked Ofcom in February 2011 to review sections 17 and 18 of the act on website blocking are technically Following the Ofcom, the government announced on 3 August 2011, sections 17 and 18 the act were to be dropped as they were practically and also the Copyright, Designs Patents Act 1988 been successfully used access to website the infringement. Cost of implementation In response a of Information (FOI) request Ofcom that spent £1.8 million in the 2011
 been ongoing for several yearS. According To The timEs, MAnDelsOn reTurned from holiDAy anD effectively issued an edIct thAt THe reGUlAtion Needs to BE tOUGheR. AT tHe tImE maNdelsOn dEnied thAt the two evEntS wEre linked.

In AUGuSt 2011 a Freedom Of INformation (FOi) reQuest sHoWed THat LoRd MAndelSon had DEcided To approve ThE InclusIOn of tecHNIcAl meAsures, such as the diSCoNNection of interNet accEsS, SoME TimE beFore public CoNsultATion had FInISHEd. LETters from Lord mandelson's oFFicE documEnT taLKs with luciaN GRAinGe, CEO of UnivErsaL Music GroUp on 2 JuLY 2009, and thaT On the foLlowinG daY LoRd MaNDeLsOn aDvISed lOrD CaRTer About the "PoSsIbiliTy of [THE sEcreTarY of STate] hAving a power to DirEct OFCom To go dIrectLy to InTroduCe techNical MeAsures". The governMent Made an  annOunCeMenT tHat diSConnecTioN, waS being cOnsiderED foR iNCLUsIon in the Digital EcoNoMY biLl on 25 AuguSt 2009.

SuppORt FoR The bill
THe desIgn aND artisTs CoPYrIght SociEty and THe brItish AsSoCiatioN oF PiCtuRe LibRArieS and AgEncies suPport THe orphan works pROvision. The ComMUnITY MEDia ASsoCiation suppOrts THe AcT for THe RadIO clauSes stAtED tO Bring significant benEfIts to tHe comMunity broadcaSting sectoR AS fM spectrUm beCOmES available follOwing Digital radIO switchoVer. AtTitudes oF Internet sERvice ProVidErs (iSPS) toWARdS the copyright INFrinGeMent proVisIons in tHe bIll WerE miXeD. In intervIews with iSps By teChRAdar, VIRgin MediA sAid ThAt tHey shARed the CommiTmenT tO aDDreSs copyrIGhT INfriNgEmEnt, bUt tHaT persUasiON noT coerciOn is the keY; a hEAvy-hAnDeD, punitiVe regime would SiMply alienaTe intErnet uSERs. Sky, whiCh is both an ISP and a contenT ProvideR, waS suppOrtiVe of the goVerNment's ComMItment To undeRpin tHe FigHT AgainST IlLegAl File sharinG THroUgh leGiSlatIon, but nOt directly of the "webSIte Banning" proposAl.

OFcom REViEw oF SeCTioNs 17 ANd 18 
FOLLowing calls by ciTizens to rePeAL aLl or part of THe DIgItal EcoNomy Act On the yOur FreeDom websitE, the goverNmEnt aSKEd OFcom in FebrUary 2011 to reView whethER sectIOnS 17 and 18 oF thE act on WeBsiTe bloCking aRE teChnicAlly woRkAble.

FoLlowiNg The revieW by Ofcom, the government anNounceD on 3 AuGusT 2011, that sectIonS 17 And 18 Of the act wEre tO be dropped As tHey Were nOt pRActicAlly ENfOrcEAble, aNd alSO as the CopYRiGht, dESiGns and PatenTS aCt 1988 hAd beeN suCCessfuLly uSed to block access tO A website on the gRounDS Of cOpyRIght InFringement.

Cost Of iMpLEMentatioN 
IN response to A Freedom Of iNformAtion (FoI) requEst OfcoM DIsCLosed tHat iT haD spent £1.8 milLioN iN The 2011
 been ongoing for severalyears. Acc ordin g t o T he  Tim es,Mandelson retu r nedfrom holiday and effec tivel yi ssue d  a n edi ct that th e reg ul at ion  n e ed s tobetougher . At the t ime  M andelson den i ed  that thetwo  events were  li nked.
I n A u gust201 1 a F reedom of Inf ormation(F O I) req u est sho w e dthat  Lord Mandelson h a dd ecided to appr ove th ei nc l u sio n o f technica lmeasu r es, suc h  a s t hed isconnectionof internet acc ess, s om e t i me bef ore p ub l icconsultatio n ha d finishe d. Let t ers fro m  Lord M andels on' s o ffic e  d oc ume nt tal k swit h  Lu cian Gra in ge , CEO  ofU n i v ersa l M usic  Grou p on 2 July 2 009 , an d  th at on  thefoll ow ing d ay Lor d Man de lson advised Lo rd C arter abo utth e " po ssibi l ity of  [t heSecreta ry of S t ate ]h a v in g a power to direc tO f co m to godirect l yto introduc etec hnic a l  meas ures " .The gove rnment ma de  an  an no unceme nt  th atdisco n nect ion, w as being  cons i dered for incl u sion in the D i gi t a lE cono myBill on 25Augu s t 20 09.Su ppo r t for  thebi l lT he Design and Artis ts  Copyr ightSociety and t he British A s sociatio n of Pi c ture Libraries  andAgencies s u pport th e orp han work s provisi o n . The Co mmu nit y M edi a As sociation sup p o rtsth e Act f orthe rad iocla use s s ta ted to br ing sign if ic an tben efits to the c om mun it y b roadc a stingsecto r as  F Ms pec trum be c om e s  ava il ab le f oll ow ing d igit a l r adio sw itchover.  At t itud es  o f Inter net Service P ro viders (IS Ps ) t owards t he copyr ight infringement provi s ions in  th e bil l we re mixed.  In  inter vie w s with  ISPsby Te ch Rad a r , Vir g i nMed ia  said that t hey  shar ed  the  commit ment to address co p yri ght infringem ent , bu t th atp er s uas io n  no t coercion is the  key; a he av y -h anded, pun i tiv eregimewould s imply alienat e Interne t users.Sk y, w h i chis both an  ISP and  a conten t  prov i de r, wa s s upport iv e o f the  gover n men t's c ommitm en t to u nderp in  the fig ht against illegal file  shari ng th rou gh legisl ati o n,but not d irec tly of the  "w ebs ite b ann i ng" p ropo s al .
O fcomrevi e w of sect i on s 1 7 an d 18 
Follo w i n g c allsbyc itizen s to  repeal all or pa r t of the Digit al E c o nom y A c t on  t he Your Freedo m w eb s i te, thego vernment as ked Ofco mi n Feb ruary2011 t o revie w wh e ther s ecti ons  17 and 1 8 o ft he acton  w e bsitebloc ki ng are  techn i call y workable.

Follo wingt h e rev i ewby Of co m, theg over nment anno unced on 3August  201 1, th at sect io ns 17and  1 8 of the a c t were to  be d roppedas  the y w ere no t pr a c tical ly e nf orc eable, an d al s oas the  Cop yrigh t,  Des igns andP atents A ct1 988 had  b een s uccess f ul l y  used to b loc k acc e s s to a web s iteo nt he gr oundsof cop yrighti nfr in gement. 

C o s t of impl ementatio n  
I nresp onse toaFree do m o fInformation (FO I) reque st Ofcom d isclos edt hati t hadsp ent £1.8 mil lionin the 201 1 
 been_ongoing for_several years. According to_The Times,_Mandelson_returned from_holiday_and effectively issued_an edict that_the regulation needs to_be tougher. At_the_time Mandelson denied that the two events were linked.

In August 2011 a Freedom of_Information_(FOI) request_showed_that_Lord Mandelson had decided to_approve the inclusion of technical_measures, such_as the disconnection of internet access, some time_before_public consultation had_finished. Letters from Lord Mandelson's office document talks with_Lucian Grainge, CEO of Universal Music_Group on 2_July_2009,_and that on the_following day Lord Mandelson advised Lord_Carter about the "possibility of [the_Secretary of State] having a power to_direct Ofcom to go directly to_introduce technical measures". The government_made an_ announcement that disconnection, was_being considered for_inclusion in_the Digital Economy_Bill on 25 August 2009.

Support for_the bill
The Design_and Artists Copyright Society and the_British_Association of Picture_Libraries_and_Agencies support_the orphan works_provision._The Community_Media_Association supports the Act for the_radio_clauses stated to bring significant benefits to_the community broadcasting sector_as_FM spectrum becomes available_following digital radio switchover. Attitudes_of Internet Service Providers (ISPs) towards_the copyright_infringement provisions_in the bill were mixed. In interviews with ISPs by TechRadar,_Virgin Media said that they shared_the commitment to address_copyright infringement,_but_that persuasion not_coercion_is the_key; a heavy-handed, punitive regime would simply_alienate Internet_users. Sky, which is both an_ISP and a content_provider,_was supportive of the government's commitment_to underpin the fight against illegal_file sharing through legislation, but_not_directly_of the "website banning" proposal.

Ofcom_review of sections 17 and 18_
Following calls by_citizens to repeal all or part of_the_Digital Economy Act on the Your_Freedom_website, the government asked Ofcom in_February_2011_to review whether sections 17_and 18 of the act on_website blocking are technically workable.

Following the review by Ofcom,_the government announced_on 3 August 2011, that_sections_17_and 18 of the act were to be dropped as_they were_not practically enforceable,_and also as the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988_had been successfully used to block access_to a website on the grounds of copyright infringement.

Cost of implementation_
In response to a Freedom of Information (FOI)_request Ofcom disclosed that it had spent_£1.8 million in the_2011