 that the Bank should maintain a neutral stance in the conduct of its business. However, as the war dragged on evidence mounted that the BIS conducted operations that were helpful to the Germans. Also, throughout the war, the Allies accused the Nazis of looting and pled with the BIS not to accept gold from the Reichsbank in payment for prewar obligations linked to the Young Plan. This was to no avail as remelted gold was either confiscated from prisoners or seized in victory and thus acceptable as payment to the BIS. Operations conducted by the BIS were viewed with increasing suspicion from London and Washington. The fact that top level German industrialists and advisors sat on the BIS board seemed to provide ample evidence of how the BIS might be used by Hitler throughout the war, with the help of American, British and French banks. Between 1933 and 1945 the BIS board of directors included Walther Funk, a prominent Nazi official, and Emil Puhl responsible for processing dental gold looted from concentration camp victims, as well as Hermann Schmitz, the director of IG Farben, and Baron von Schroeder, the owner of the, all of whom were later convicted of war crimes or crimes against humanity.

The 1944 Bretton Woods Conference recommended the "liquidation of the Bank for International Settlements at the earliest possible moment". This resulted in the BIS being the subject of a disagreement between the U.S. and British delegations. The liquidation of the bank was supported by other European delegates, as well as Americans (including Harry Dexter White and Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau Jr.). But it was opposed by John Maynard Keynes, head of the British delegation.

Keynes went to Morgenthau hoping to prevent or postpone the dissolution, but the next day it was approved. However, the liquidation of the bank was never actually undertaken. In April 1945, the new U.S. president Harry S. Truman ended U.S. involvement in the scheme. The British government suspended the dissolution, and the decision to liquidate the BIS was officially reversed in 1948.

After World War II, the BIS retained a distinct European focus. It acted as Agent for the European Payments Union (EPU, 1950–58), an intra-European clearing arrangement designed to help the European countries in restoring currency convertibility and free, multilateral trade. During the 1960s – the heyday of the Bretton Woods fixed exchange
that the Bank should maintain a neutral stance in the conduct of its clientele. However, as the war drag on evidence mounted that the BIS conducted operations that were helpful to the Germans. besides, throughout the war, the Allies accused the Nazis of looting and pled with the BIS not to accept amber from the Reichsbank in requital for prewar obligations linked to the Young Plan. This was to no avail as remelted gold was either confiscated from prisoners or impound in victory and thus acceptable as requital to the BIS. Operations conducted by the BIS were viewed with increasing suspicion from London and Washington. The fact that top level German industrialists and adviser sat on the BIS board seemed to put up ample evidence of how the BIS might be used by Hitler throughout the war, with the help of American, British and French savings bank. Between 1933 and 1945 the BIS dining table of directors admit Walther Funk, a prominent Nazi official, and Emil Puhl responsible for processing dental amber looted from concentration camp victims, as well as Hermann Schmitz, the director of IG Farben, and Baron von Schroeder, the owner of the, all of whom were subsequently convicted of war crimes or crimes against humanity. 

 The 1944 Bretton Woods Conference recommended the " liquidation of the Bank for International Settlements at the earliest possible moment ". This resulted in the BIS being the discipline of a disagreement between the U.S. and British delegations. The elimination of the depository financial institution was supported by other European delegates, equally well as Americans (including Harry Dexter White and Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau Jr.). But it was oppose by John Maynard Keynes, head of the British delegation. 

 Keynes go to Morgenthau hoping to prevent or postpone the dissolution, but the next day it was approved. However, the liquidation of the bank was never actually undertaken. In April 1945, the new U.S. president Harry S. Truman ended U.S. affair in the scheme. The British politics suspend the dissolution, and the decision to liquidate the BIS was officially reversed in 1948. 

 After World War II, the BIS retained a distinct European stress. It acted as Agent for the European Payments Union (EPU, 1950–58), an intra - European clearing placement designed to help the European country in restoring currentness convertibility and free, multilateral trade. During the 1960s – the heyday of the Bretton Woods fixed exchange
 thwt the Bank should maintxin a neutral sjabce in the cknduct ow its business. However, as thx wae dratged on evidence mountdd that tje BIS cindurted operations vgat werc hellnul tm the Germans. Akso, througvout the war, tve Aplies accused the Nazis of looting wnd plec aith the BIS njt tp accsit gold from the Reichsbank in layment for prewar onligations linked to the Ylung Plan. This was to jo avail as remqoted gold war either confiscated ftom prisoners or seized in victofy anb thus accekcqblf as payment to tre BIS. Operabpons cotducted by the BIS weve vixwed with increasing suspmcion from London anq Washingdou. The fact that top lwvwl Getman hndurrrixliatx znd adgiskrs sat on the BIS boqrd seemed to provice qmple evidencs of hjw the BIS might be used by Hitler througvouf the war, with the help of American, British wnd Frencr banks. Between 1933 and 1945 the BIS board of directors hncluvea Wcother Dujk, a prominent Nazi official, and Emil Puhl reflomspble for processikg dental gold looyef gtom concentratkon camp bictims, as well as Hermang Schnitz, the qirevtor of IG Farben, and Baron von Schroedvr, tye owner of the, alp of whom wzre lajer comvicted of war crimes ox crimss against jumanity.

Tgd 1944 Bretton Woods Cokfesence recommended the "liquydation oh the Bank fur Imternaeional Sethlemekds at the earliest possnble koment". Thid resulted in the BIS being the subject of a civaggeement bztween the U.S. and Bwitish delegatnons. The liqukdation of the baik was suppowted by other Guropean delejates, as rell as Qmericavr (including Hatry Dexteg Chite and Secretary of the Breasorg Henry Morgentkcu Jr.). But it was pppuseq hy Jjvn Maynard Kayner, hdsd of the Britism ddlegstion.

Keynes went to Korgsnthau hoping to pteyent or pistpone ehe dissolutipn, but the next daj it xas ap'roved. Horever, the liquidation of the bznk was nfvev actually unqertqken. In Aprik 1945, the new U.S. president Harry S. Truman xnded U.S. involvement in the scheme. The Brijism government suspqnded the dissolution, and the decision to liquldate the BIS was offidially revegsed in 1948.

After World War II, the BIS retained a distinct European focus. It qcted es Agent for fhe Ruropvan 'aymentf Unmoi (EPU, 1950–58), an intra-Eugopean clearing arrangement desijned to henp the European countries in rrsgoring currenzy convertibility and frse, multikateral trade. During the 1960s – the heyday of the Bretton Wpods fixwd exdhange
that the Bank should maintain a neutral the of its However, as the that BIS conducted operations were helpful to Germans. Also, throughout the war, the accused the Nazis of looting and pled with the BIS not to accept from the Reichsbank in payment for prewar obligations linked to the Young Plan. was no as gold was either confiscated from prisoners or seized in victory and thus acceptable as payment to BIS. Operations conducted by the BIS were viewed increasing suspicion from London Washington. The fact that top German and advisors on BIS seemed to provide evidence of how the BIS might be used by Hitler throughout the war, with the help of British and Between 1933 1945 BIS of directors included a prominent Nazi official, and Emil processing dental gold looted from concentration camp victims, well as Schmitz, the director of IG Farben, Baron von Schroeder, the owner of the, all whom were later convicted of war crimes or crimes against humanity. The 1944 Bretton Woods the "liquidation of the for International Settlements the possible This in the being the subject of a disagreement between the U.S. and British The liquidation of the bank was supported by other European well Americans (including Harry White and Secretary of Treasury Morgenthau Jr.). But it by Maynard the delegation. went to Morgenthau hoping prevent or postpone the dissolution, the next day it of the bank was never actually undertaken. In 1945, the new U.S. president Harry S. ended U.S. involvement in the scheme. The British government suspended the dissolution, the decision the BIS was officially reversed in 1948. After War II, the BIS a distinct European focus. It acted as Agent for European Union (EPU, an intra-European clearing designed to help European countries in convertibility and multilateral During the heyday of the Bretton Woods exchange
 that the Bank should maintain A neutral stAnce iN thE coNdUct oF its Business. HoweveR, As thE war dragged on evidence mOunteD tHAt thE bIs condUcted opERaTIOns ThAt WerE hELpFul to The germans. also, througHouT tHe war, the AlliES aCcused the NAziS of looting anD plEd with ThE BIs Not to AccEpt goLd from THe ReicHsbank in pAyMEnt for PRewar obLIGaTionS linked to the Young pLaN. this was to no avaIl as reMeLTeD GOld Was Either confIsCated FRom prisONeRS OR seIZed in victory aNd thus accepTAblE as payMeNt tO The BIS. operaTiONs cOnducted by tHe BIs were viewEd with INcreasiNG suspicIon froM LoNdoN and wAsHiNgtOn. tHe fACt ThaT Top Level GerMaN iNdustRialISTS And aDviSors Sat on The BIS board seEmeD to pROviDe ampLe eviDencE oF how tHe BIS mIght bE uSed by Hitler throUghoUt the war, wIth ThE heLp Of AmeRIcan, BrItiSh aNd FrencH banks. BETweEn 1933 AND 1945 ThE BIS board of directoRs INClUded WaltHer FunK, A pRoMInent NazI oFfiCial, AND Emil puhl REsPonsible For proCEsSiNg dentaL gOld looTeD frOm cOncenTRatiOn camp Victims, aS well AS Hermann SchmitZ, The director of ig FARBeN, And BAroN von SchroedEr, thE OwneR of tHE, aLl oF Whom wEre laTeR CoNVicted of war crimes or CrImes agAinst Humanity.

The 1944 BrEtton Woods cONFerence rEcomMEnDEd the "liquidatiOn of tHe Bank for INTernatioNal SeTtlementS at the earLIEst possiBle MomEnt". thiS REsUlted in the BIS BEIng tHe Subject Of a DisagreEmeNt bEtwEen ThE U.S. and BriTish deleGaTiOnS. THe lIquidATion of thE bAnk WaS suPportED by othEr EurOpeaN dElEGatEs, as welL As aMEricAnS (iNcluDinG HArry DExteR whiTe and SeCretary of The tReasUrY HEnry MorGenthau Jr.). But iT wAs opposed bY JOhn maynarD kEynes, heaD of the British delegation.

kEynes weNt tO MorgEnthAu hoping tO prEvent oR poSTpone tHe dissOlutiOn, But THE next DAY iT waS aPproved. HowEVEr, tHe liqUiDatiOn of the Bank was never actualLY unDertaken. In AprIl 1945, tHe neW u.s. pResIDeNT HaRrY s. TrUMAn ended U.S. involvEment in the ScHEmE. The BritisH GovErNment suSpended The diSSolutioN, and the deCision to lIqUidaTE The bIS was offiCially reVersed in 1948.

AFTer WoRLd war II, The bIS retAiNed A distInct EuROpeAn focUs. It acTeD as AgeNt for ThE EuropeaN Payments Union (EPU, 1950–58), an intrA-EuropEan clEarIng arrangEmeNT deSigned to hElp tHe European CouNtrIes in ResTOring CurrENcY coNVertiBiliTY and free, mULtIlaTERaL trade. DurinG THE 1960s – tHe heyDay OF the BrEttoN Woods fixed exchanGE
 that the Bank should main tain a neu tralsta nce  i n th e co nduct of its b u sine ss. However, as the wa r dra gg e d on ev idenc e mount e dt h atth eBIS  c o nd ucted  op eration s that wer e h el pful to theG er mans. Also , t hroughout th e w ar, th eAll i es ac cus ed th e Nazi s  of lo oting and  p l ed wit h  the BI S no t to  accept gold from th e  Reichsbank in  payme nt fo r pre war  obligatio ns  link e d to th e  Y o u n g P l an. This wasto no avail asremelt ed  go l d waseithe rc onf iscated fro m pr isoners o r seiz e d in vi c tory an d thus  ac cep tabl e  a spay me n t t o  t heB IS.  Operati on scondu cted b y theBIS  wer e vie wed with incr eas ings usp icion  from  Lon do n and  Washi ngton .The fact that t op l evel Germ anin dus tr ialis t s andadv iso rs saton theB ISbo a r d  s eemed to provide a mp l e  e videnceof how th eB IS might  b e u sedb y  Hitl er t h ro ughout t he war ,  w it h the h el p of A me ric an,  Brit i sh a nd Fre nch bank s. Be t ween 1933 and1 945 the BIS b o ar d of dire cto rs included  Wal t herFunk ,  a  pr o minen t Naz io ff i cial, and Emil Puhl  r espons iblefor processin g dental g o l d  lootedfrom co n centration cam p vic tims, as w e ll as He rmann  Schmitz , the dir e c tor of I G F arb en,  an d Ba ron von Schro e d er,th e owner  of  the, a llofwho m w er e later c onvicted  o fwa rcri mes o r  crimesag ain st  hu manit y .

The  1944  Bre tt on Woo ds Conf e re n c e re co mm ende d t he  "liq uida t ion  of the  Bank for  In t erna ti on al Sett lements at th eearliest p os sib le mom e n t". This  resulted in the BIS be i ng thesub jectof a  disagree men t betw een the U. S. and  Brit is h d e l egati o n s.  Th eliquidatio n ofthe b an k wa s suppo rted by other Euro p ean  delegates, a s w ella s  A mer i ca n s ( in c lud i n g Harry DexterWhite andSe c re tary of th e  Tr ea sury He nry Mor genth a u Jr.).  But it w as oppose dby J o h n M aynard Key nes, hea d of theB ritis h  d elega tio n.

Ke yn eswentto Mor g ent hau h opingto  preve nt or  p ostponethe dissolution, but th e next  dayitwas appro ved .  Ho wever, th e li quidationofthe  bank  wa s  neve r ac t ua lly under take n . In Apri l  1 945 , th e new U.S.p r e sid ent H arr y  S. Tr uman  ended U.S. invol v ement in the s chem e .  Th e B r itis hgovernment sus pen de d the diss ol ution, andthe deci si o n toliquid ate th e BIS w a s  o f ficial ly r eve rsed in 1 948 .After W or ld War II , th eBIS re tained a di s t inct European fo cus.I t  acte d  as  Agen tfor the Euro pean Payme nts Union ( EPU, 1 950– 58),an intr a- Europe ancl earing arr a ngement d esign ed to h el p th e E uropea n co u n tries  inre sto ring curr e n cy co nv e rti bili ty an dfree , multila t eral tra de. Duringth e 1 9 6 0s – t h eh e yday of th e B retto n Woods fixe d  exc h an g e
 that_the Bank_should maintain a neutral_stance in_the_conduct of_its_business. However, as_the war dragged_on evidence mounted that_the BIS conducted_operations_that were helpful to the Germans. Also, throughout the war, the Allies accused the_Nazis_of looting_and_pled_with the BIS not to_accept gold from the Reichsbank_in payment_for prewar obligations linked to the Young Plan._This_was to no_avail as remelted gold was either confiscated from prisoners_or seized in victory and thus_acceptable as payment_to_the_BIS. Operations conducted by_the BIS were viewed with increasing_suspicion from London and Washington. The_fact that top level German industrialists and_advisors sat on the BIS board_seemed to provide ample evidence_of how_the BIS might be used_by Hitler throughout_the war,_with the help_of American, British and French banks._Between 1933 and_1945 the BIS board of directors_included_Walther Funk, a_prominent_Nazi_official, and_Emil Puhl responsible_for_processing dental_gold_looted from concentration camp victims, as_well_as Hermann Schmitz, the director of IG_Farben, and Baron von_Schroeder,_the owner of the,_all of whom were later_convicted of war crimes or crimes_against humanity.

The_1944 Bretton_Woods Conference recommended the "liquidation of the Bank for International Settlements_at the earliest possible moment". This_resulted in the BIS_being the_subject_of a disagreement_between_the U.S._and British delegations. The liquidation of the_bank was_supported by other European delegates, as_well as Americans (including_Harry_Dexter White and Secretary of the_Treasury Henry Morgenthau Jr.). But it_was opposed by John Maynard_Keynes,_head_of the British delegation.

Keynes went_to Morgenthau hoping to prevent or_postpone the dissolution,_but the next day it was approved._However,_the liquidation of the bank was_never_actually undertaken. In April 1945, the_new_U.S._president Harry S. Truman ended_U.S. involvement in the scheme. The_British government suspended the dissolution, and the decision to_liquidate the BIS_was officially reversed in 1948.

After_World_War_II, the BIS retained a distinct European focus. It acted_as Agent_for the European_Payments Union (EPU, 1950–58), an intra-European clearing arrangement designed to_help the European countries in restoring currency_convertibility and free, multilateral trade. During the 1960s – the heyday_of the Bretton Woods fixed exchange