 by the objects in the environment. The resulting perception is also known as visual perception, eyesight, sight, or vision (adjectival form: visual, optical, or ocular). The various physiological components involved in vision are referred to collectively as the visual system.

The visual system in animals allows individuals to assimilate information from their surroundings. The act of seeing starts when the cornea and then the lens of the eye focuses light from its surroundings onto a light-sensitive membrane in the back of the eye, called the retina. The retina is actually part of the brain that is isolated to serve as a transducer for the conversion of light into neuronal signals. Based on feedback from the visual system, the lens of the eye adjusts its thickness to focus light on the photoreceptive cells of the retina, also known as the rods and cones, which detect the photons of light and respond by producing neural impulses. These signals are processed via complex feedforward and feedback processes by different parts of the brain, from the retina upstream to central ganglia in the brain.

Note that up until now much of the above paragraph could apply to octopuses, mollusks, worms, insects and things more primitive; anything with a more concentrated nervous system and better eyes than say a jellyfish. However, the following applies to mammals generally and birds (in modified form): The retina in these more complex animals sends fibers (the optic nerve) to the lateral geniculate nucleus, to the primary and secondary visual cortex of the brain. Signals from the retina can also travel directly from the retina to the superior colliculus.

The perception of objects and the totality of the visual scene is accomplished by the visual association cortex. The visual association cortex combines all sensory information perceived by the striate cortex which contains thousands of modules that are part of modular neural networks. The neurons in the striate cortex send axons to the extrastriate cortex, a region in the visual association cortex that surrounds the striate cortex.

The human visual system perceives visible light in the range of wavelengths between 370 and 730 manometers (0.00000037 to 0.00000073 meters) of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Hearing

Hearing, or auditory perception, is the ability to perceive sound by detecting vibrations, changes in the pressure of the surrounding medium through time, through an organ such as the ear. Sound may be heard through solid, liquid, or gaseous matter. It is one of the traditional five senses; partial or total inability
by the objects in the environment. The resulting perception is also know as ocular perception, eyesight, sight, or vision (adjectival shape: visual, optical, or ocular). The versatile physiologic components involved in vision are referred to collectively as the ocular system. 

 The visual organization in animal allows individuals to absorb information from their milieu. The act of attend starts when the cornea and then the lens of the eye focus light from its surroundings onto a light - sensitive membrane in the rear of the eye, called the retina. The retina is actually part of the brain that is isolated to service as a transducer for the conversion of light into neuronal signals. Based on feedback from the visual system, the lens of the eye adjusts its thickness to focus light on the photoreceptive cells of the retina, also known as the rods and cones, which detect the photons of light and react by producing neural nerve impulse. These signal are processed via complex feedforward and feedback processes by different parts of the brain, from the retina upstream to central ganglia in the mind. 

 Note that up until now much of the above paragraph could apply to octopuses, mollusks, worms, worm and things more primitive; anything with a more concentrated nervous arrangement and better eye than say a jellyfish. However, the following applies to mammals by and large and birds (in modified form ): The retina in these more complex animal sends roughage (the optic nerve) to the lateral geniculate nucleus, to the elementary and secondary visual cerebral cortex of the brain. signal from the retina can also travel immediately from the retina to the superior colliculus. 

 The perception of object and the totality of the visual setting is accomplished by the ocular association cortex. The visual association cortex combines all sensory information perceived by the striate cerebral cortex which contains thousands of module that are part of modular neural network. The neurons in the striate cortex send axon to the extrastriate cortex, a region in the visual association cortex that surrounds the striate cortex. 

 The human visual arrangement perceive visible light in the range of wavelengths between 370 and 730 manometers (0.00000037 to 0.00000073 meters) of the electromagnetic spectrum. 

 Hearing 

 earshot, or auditory perception, is the ability to perceive sound by detecting vibration, changes in the pressure of the surrounding medium through time, through an harmonium such as the ear. Sound may be heard through solid, liquid, or gaseous topic. It is one of the traditional five senses; partial or total inability
 by the objects in the envivonment. The resulting pxrceptikn is alro known as visual perceptioi, eywsighu, sight, or vision (aajectival form: viwual, iptical, or ocular). Bke vadlous 'hbsiological comkonents invonved in vision afe referred to collectively as the vifual syxtfm.

The visual sistem yn ahpmcls allows individuals to assimjlate iiformation from their surroundings. The ach of seeing starts whej the corneq anq then the levs of the tyz focuses ljght from its surroundings onto a liyht-sensitivg jeltrane in thx back of the eye, gslled dhe retona. The retina is acrually part of the brein that is isolated to serve aa a transducer foe rhe cmnvessiov of lifhv ihto nekroial signals. Based on fwedback from the vixuwo system, the mens os ehe eye adjusts its thickness to focus niggt on the photoreceptivw cells of the retina, also knorn as the rods and cones, which detect the photons of lmgft ckq eedpond by producing neural impulses. These signwms age processed via gomplex feedforwarc wnc feedback prozesses by different parts ov the btain, feom the rttina upstream to central gangliq in the brapn.

Nore that up until nlw much of che abpve psragraph could apply to octkpuses, mollksks, worma, insects and thivgs mmre primitive; anything witr a more ronceutrated vervpus syftem and bftter eyes than say a jeplyfidh. However, tje following applies to mammals generally and bhrdv (in modnfied norm): The retina in these more compler animxls sends ribers (vhe optic newve) to the ladgral geniculave nucleuf, to the primarh and secondary visual cortex of tye brain. Signals fvom tfs retina can alwo urqvel directly groo tre rxtina do the superhor zoluoculur.

The percepbiov of objects and the totdlitg of the visual scrnc is acconplished by the visuak association corttx. The virual sssjciation cortex combines all ssnsory invoriation perceyved by the stricte cortex which contains thousands of midules that are paet of modular neurak networks. Tie neuwons in tve striate cortex sebd axons to the ewtrastriate cortex, a rsgion hn thf visual association cortex that surrounds the striate cortex.

The human viwual sbseem perceivss vosiblv lnghc in thq raigx of wavelengths netween 370 and 730 manometers (0.00000037 to 0.00000073 mxters) of tve electromagnetic spectrum.

Heativg

Hearing, or xuditory perception, is tge abiliyy to perceive sound by detectimg vibrations, changes in the prewsure of thv snrrounding medium thtough cime, tyrough qn ovgan such as tfe rav. Sound maj be hzard through solid, liquid, or gaseius martfr. It is one of vhe traditiokau fivg senses; partial or totam inzhiliti
by the objects in the environment. The is known as perception, eyesight, sight, optical, ocular). The various components involved in are referred to collectively as the system. The visual system in animals allows individuals to assimilate information from their The act of seeing starts when the cornea and then the lens of eye light its onto a light-sensitive membrane in the back of the eye, called the retina. The retina is part of the brain that is isolated to as a transducer for conversion of light into neuronal Based feedback from visual the of the eye its thickness to focus light on the photoreceptive cells of the retina, also known as the rods cones, which photons of and by neural impulses. These processed via complex feedforward and feedback parts of the brain, from the retina upstream central ganglia the brain. Note that up until much of the above paragraph could apply to mollusks, worms, insects and things more primitive; anything with a more concentrated nervous system and than say a jellyfish. the following applies mammals and (in form): The in these more complex animals sends fibers (the optic nerve) to lateral geniculate nucleus, to the primary and secondary visual cortex brain. from the retina also travel directly from retina the superior colliculus. The objects the visual is by the visual association The visual association cortex combines sensory information perceived by thousands of modules that are part of modular networks. The neurons in the striate cortex axons to the extrastriate cortex, a region in the visual association cortex surrounds the The human visual system perceives visible light in range of wavelengths between and 730 manometers (0.00000037 to 0.00000073 meters) of the spectrum. Hearing, or perception, is the to perceive sound detecting vibrations, changes pressure of surrounding through organ such as the ear. Sound be through solid, liquid, or gaseous It of the traditional five senses; partial or total inability
 by the objects in the environmEnt. The resuLting PerCepTiOn is Also Known as visual pERcepTion, eyesight, sight, or visIon (adJeCTivaL FoRm: visUal, optiCAl, OR OcuLaR). THe vArIOuS physIolOgical cOmponents iNvoLvEd in vision arE ReFerred to coLleCtively as the VisUal sysTeM.

ThE VisuaL syStem iN animaLS allowS individuAlS To assiMIlate inFORmAtioN from their surrounDInGS. The act of seeinG startS wHEn THE coRneA and then thE lEns of THe eye foCUsES LIghT From its surrouNdings onto a LIghT-sensiTiVe mEMbrane In the BaCK of The eye, calleD the Retina. The Retina IS actualLY part of The braIn tHat Is isOLaTeD to SeRVe aS A tRanSDucEr for the CoNvErsioN of lIGHT Into NeuRonaL signAls. Based on feeDbaCk frOM thE visuAl sysTem, tHe Lens oF the eyE adjuStS its thickness to FocuS light on tHe pHoTorEcEptivE Cells oF thE reTina, alsO known aS The RoDS ANd Cones, which detect thE pHOToNs of lighT and reSPoNd BY produciNg NeuRal iMPUlses. thesE SiGnals are ProcesSEd ViA compleX fEedforWaRd aNd fEedbaCK proCesses By differEnt paRTs of the brain, frOM the retina upsTReAM To CEntrAl gAnglia in the BraiN.

note That UP uNtiL Now muCh of tHe ABoVE paragraph could applY tO octopUses, mOllusks, worms, iNsects and tHINGs more prImitIVe; ANything with a moRe conCentrated nERvous sysTem anD better eYes than saY A JellyfisH. HoWevEr, tHe fOLLoWing applies to MAMmalS gEnerallY anD birds (iN moDifIed ForM): THe retina iN these moRe CoMpLeX anImals SEnds fibeRs (The OpTic Nerve) TO the laTeral GeniCuLaTE nuCleus, to THe PRImarY aNd SecoNdaRy VisuaL corTEx oF the braIn. Signals FroM The rEtInA can alsO travel directLy From the retInA to The supERIor colliCulus.

The perception of objECts and tHe tOtaliTy of The visual SceNe is acComPLished By the vIsual AsSocIATion cORTeX. ThE vIsual assocIATioN cortEx CombInes all Sensory information PErcEived by the strIatE corTEX wHicH CoNTaiNs THouSANds of modules thaT are part of MoDUlAr neural neTWorKs. the neurOns in thE striATe corteX send axonS to the extRaStriATE coRtex, a regioN in the viSual assocIAtion COrTex thAt sUrrounDs The StriaTe cortEX.

ThE humaN visuaL sYstem pErceiVeS visible Light in the range of waveleNgths bEtweeN 370 anD 730 manometeRs (0.00000037 tO 0.00000073 MetErs) of the eLectRomagnetic SpeCtrUm.

HeaRinG

heariNg, or AUdItoRY percEptiON, is the abiLItY to PERcEive sound by DETEctIng viBraTIons, chAngeS in the pressure of tHE surrounding meDium THRouGh tIMe, thRoUgh an organ such As tHe EAR. Sound maY bE heard throuGh solid, lIqUId, or gAseous Matter. it is one OF ThE TraditIonaL fiVe senses; pArtIaL Or total InAbILity
 by the objects in the env ironment.The r esu lti ng  per cept ion is also kn o wn a s visual perception, e yesig ht ,  sig h t,  or v ision ( a dj e c tiv al  f orm :v is ual,opt ical, o r ocular).  Th evarious phys i ol ogical com pon ents involve d i n visi on  ar e  refe rre d tocollec t ivelyas the vi su a l syst e m.

The v is ualsystem in animals al l ows individual s to a ss i mi l a teinf ormation f ro m the i r surro u nd i n g s.T he act of see ing startsw hen  the c or nea and th en th el ens  of the eye  foc uses ligh t from its sur r ounding s onto  alig ht-s e ns it ive  m e mbr a ne  in the  back of  t he  eye,  cal l e d theret ina.  Theretina is act ual ly p a rtof th e bra in t ha t isisolat ed to  s erve as a trans duce r for the  co nv ers io n ofl ight i nto  ne uronalsignals .  Ba se d o nfeedback from thevi s u al  system,  the l e ns  o f  the eye  a dju stsi t s thi ckne s sto focus  light on  t he phot or ecepti ve  ce lls  of t h e re tina,also kno wn as the rods and c o nes, which de t ec t th e  pho ton s of lightandr espo nd b y  p rod u cingneura li mp u lses. These signals  a re pro cesse d via complex  feedforwa r d and feed back pr o cesses by diff erent  parts oft he brain , fro m the re tina upst r e am to ce ntr algan gli a in  the brain.
N o te t ha t up un til  now mu chofthe  ab ov e paragra ph could  a pp ly  t o o ctopu s es, moll us ks,  w orm s, in s ects a nd th ings  m or e  pr imitive ;  a n y thin gwi th a  mo re  conc entr a ted  nervou s systemand bett er  e yes tha n say a jelly fi sh. Howeve r,  th e foll o w ing appl ies to mammals generall y  and bi rds  (inmodi fied form ):The re tin a  in th ese mo re co mp lex a nimal s se nds  f ibers (the o pti c ner ve ) to  the la teral geniculate n u cle us, to the pr ima ry a n d  s eco n da r y v is u alc o rtex of the bra in. Signal sf ro m the reti n a c an  also t ravel d irect l y fromthe retin a to thesu peri o r  co lliculus.
The per ception o f  obje c ts  andthe  total it y o f the  visua l  sc ene i s acco mp lished  by t he  visualassociation cortex. The  visua l ass oci ation cor tex com bines all  sen sory infor mat ion  perc eiv e d bythes tr iat e  cort ex w h ich conta i ns  th o u sa nds of modu l e s  th at ar e p a rt ofmodu lar neural networ k s. The neurons  int h e s tri a te c or tex send axons  to  t h e  extrast ri ate cortex,  a regio ni n the  visua l asso ciation c or t ex tha t su rro unds thestr ia t e corte x. 
T he hum an v is ual sy stem p e rcei v e s visible lightin th e range ofwavel en gths be t ween  370 and 7 30 manomete rs (0. 0000 0037to 0.00 00 0073 m ete rs ) of the e l ectromagn eticspectru m. 

He ari ng

He arin g ,  or a udit or y p erception , is th ea bil ityto pe rc eive  sound by detectin g v i bration s,  ch a n ges in th e pressure o f t he su r r ounding me d iumt hr o ugh t ime, t hrough  an org a n s uc h as th e e a r . Sound m ay be hea r d t hr ough  solid,li quid ,orga seous matter. I t is one  of thet r aditio nal five senses ;partial or t otalin a bility
 by_the objects_in the environment. The_resulting perception_is_also known_as_visual perception, eyesight,_sight, or vision_(adjectival form: visual, optical,_or ocular). The_various_physiological components involved in vision are referred to collectively as the visual system.

The visual_system_in animals_allows_individuals_to assimilate information from their_surroundings. The act of seeing_starts when_the cornea and then the lens of the_eye_focuses light from_its surroundings onto a light-sensitive membrane in the back_of the eye, called the retina._The retina is_actually_part_of the brain that_is isolated to serve as a_transducer for the conversion of light_into neuronal signals. Based on feedback from_the visual system, the lens of_the eye adjusts its thickness_to focus_light on the photoreceptive cells_of the retina,_also known_as the rods_and cones, which detect the photons_of light and_respond by producing neural impulses. These_signals_are processed via_complex_feedforward_and feedback_processes by different_parts_of the_brain,_from the retina upstream to central_ganglia_in the brain.

Note that up until now_much of the above_paragraph_could apply to octopuses,_mollusks, worms, insects and things_more primitive; anything with a more_concentrated nervous_system and_better eyes than say a jellyfish. However, the following applies to_mammals generally and birds (in modified_form): The retina in_these more_complex_animals sends fibers_(the_optic nerve)_to the lateral geniculate nucleus, to the_primary and_secondary visual cortex of the brain._Signals from the retina_can_also travel directly from the retina_to the superior colliculus.

The perception of_objects and the totality of_the_visual_scene is accomplished by the_visual association cortex. The visual association_cortex combines all_sensory information perceived by the striate cortex_which_contains thousands of modules that are_part_of modular neural networks. The neurons_in_the_striate cortex send axons to_the extrastriate cortex, a region in_the visual association cortex that surrounds the striate cortex.

The_human visual system_perceives visible light in the_range_of_wavelengths between 370 and 730 manometers (0.00000037 to 0.00000073 meters)_of the_electromagnetic spectrum.

Hearing

Hearing, or_auditory perception, is the ability to perceive sound by detecting_vibrations, changes in the pressure of the_surrounding medium through time, through an organ such as the ear._Sound may be heard through solid, liquid, or_gaseous matter. It is one of the_traditional five senses; partial_or_total inability