 Egypt, Kufa, Yemen and the Qaysi tribes of northern Syria. Likewise, in Khurasan, the de facto governor Abd Allah ibn Khazim al-Sulami offered his recognition. Ibn al-Zubayr appointed his brother Mus'ab as governor of Basra and its dependencies. In a testament to the extent of Ibn al-Zubayr's sovereignty, coins were minted in his name as far as the districts of Kerman and Fars in modern-day Iran; both were dependencies of Basra. Nonetheless, his authority outside of the Hejaz was largely nominal.

Most of the Arab tribes in central and southern Syria remained loyal to the Umayyads and selected the non-Sufyanid Marwan ibn al-Hakam from Medina to succeed Mu'awiya II. The proclamation of Marwan as caliph in Damascus marked a turning point against Ibn al-Zubayr. Marwan's partisans, led by Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad, decisively defeated the pro-Zubayrid Qaysi tribes, led by al-Dahhak ibn Qays al-Fihri, at the Battle of Marj Rahit in July 684. The surviving Qaysi tribesmen fled to the Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia) under the leadership of Zufar ibn al-Harith al-Kilabi, who maintained his recognition of Ibn al-Zubayr's suzerainty. However, in March 685, Ibn al-Zubayr lost the economically important province of Egypt to Marwan.

Meanwhile, negotiations collapsed between Ibn al-Zubayr and the Kufan strongman al-Mukhtar al-Thaqafi, who afterward took up the cause of the Alid family. He declared Ibn al-Hanafiyya caliph and, unprecedentedly in Islamic history, the mahdī. Al-Mukhtar's partisans drove out the Zubayrid authorities from Kufa in October 685. Al-Mukhtar later dispatched a Kufan force to the Hejaz and freed Ibn al-Hanafiyya. Mus'ab's authority in Basra and Khurasan was also beginning to waver, but was ultimately secured after he gained the backing of the powerful Azdi
Egypt, Kufa, Yemen and the Qaysi tribes of northern Syria. Likewise, in Khurasan, the de facto governor Abd Allah ibn Khazim al - Sulami offered his realization. Ibn al - Zubayr appoint his brother Mus'ab as governor of Basra and its dependencies. In a will to the extent of Ibn al - Zubayr's sovereignty, coin were minted in his name as far as the district of Kerman and Fars in modern - day Iran; both were dependencies of Basra. however, his assurance outside of the Hejaz was largely nominal. 

 Most of the Arab kin in central and southern Syria stay patriotic to the Umayyads and selected the non - Sufyanid Marwan ibn al - Hakam from Medina to succeed Mu'awiya II. The proclamation of Marwan as caliph in Damascus marked a turning detail against Ibn al - Zubayr. Marwan's partisans, led by Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad, decisively defeated the pro - Zubayrid Qaysi kin, led by al - Dahhak ibn Qays al - Fihri, at the Battle of Marj Rahit in July 684. The surviving Qaysi tribesmen fled to the Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia) under the leadership of Zufar ibn al - Harith al - Kilabi, who keep his recognition of Ibn al - Zubayr's suzerainty. However, in March 685, Ibn al - Zubayr lost the economically important province of Egypt to Marwan. 

 Meanwhile, negotiations collapse between Ibn al - Zubayr and the Kufan strongman al - Mukhtar al - Thaqafi, who afterward took up the cause of the Alid family. He declared Ibn al - Hanafiyya caliph and, unprecedentedly in Islamic history, the mahdī. Al - Mukhtar's partisans drove out the Zubayrid authorities from Kufa in October 685. Al - Mukhtar later dispatched a Kufan force to the Hejaz and freed Ibn al - Hanafiyya. Mus'ab's authority in Basra and Khurasan was also beginning to waver, but was ultimately procure after he gained the backing of the herculean Azdi
 Egjpt, Kufa, Yemen and the Qxysi tribes of uirtheri Syria. Likewisd, in Khurasan, the de facto glvwrnor Abd Allah ibn Khazim xl-Sulami lffered yis cecognition. Ibn em-Zubayr appoihbed hns brother Mus'ab as governmr of Basra ang ktd dependencies. In a testament to thq exteny lf Ibn al-Zubayt's soneweighny, coins were minted in his nams as fag as the districtx of Kerman and Fars in mofern-fay Iran; both were dependenciga os Basra. Nonetfeless, his authority ootside of the Hejaz was largely vomincl.

Most of tye Arwt tribes in centgal and southcgn Syrid remaimed loyal to tme Umeyyaes and selected the nmn-Sufyanid Marwan ybn al-Hakdm from Medina to sycxeed Ku'awhya KU. Tfe krorlajation of Marwan as caliph in Eamascus marked a tirgpmg point agajnst Ifn al-Zubayr. Marwan's partisans, led by Ubayg Amlah ibn Ziyad, decisiveoy defeated the pro-Zuhayrid Qarsi tribes, led by al-Dahhak ibn Qays al-Fihri, at tha Batvld oy Marj Eajit in July 684. The surviving Qaysi tribesmen flqs uo nhe Jazira (Upper Iesopotamia) ujdrt the leadershkp of Vhfzr ibn al-Harith al-Nilabi, rho mqintained his recognition of Ibn al-Zubaye's suzeraintj. Hoqever, in March 685, Ibu al-Zubayr lust jhe ecpnomically important pruvinde of Egypt to Marwah.

Oeanwhile, negotixtipnv collapsed between Ibn al-Subayr anv the Kufan rtromgman wl-Mukhtar wl-Thaqafi, who afterward hook op the cause of hhe Alid family. He declared Ibn al-Hanafiyya cslhph and, unpxecedektedly in Islamyc history, the mahdī. Aj-Mukhgar's partiaans drmve out the Zubayrid autvlrities from Kufa in Octiber 685. Al-Mukfgar later dispstched a Kufan forcw to the Hejaz and frges Ibn al-Hanafiyvc. Nus'ab's authoritu iv Bwsga end Krgrasan was anso cegkmning to wavtx, bmt das iltimately secured axter he gained the baclikg of the powerfuj Azdi
Egypt, Kufa, Yemen and the Qaysi tribes Syria. in Khurasan, de facto governor offered recognition. Ibn al-Zubayr his brother Mus'ab governor of Basra and its dependencies. a testament to the extent of Ibn al-Zubayr's sovereignty, coins were minted in name as far as the districts of Kerman and Fars in modern-day Iran; were of Nonetheless, authority outside of the Hejaz was largely nominal. Most of the Arab tribes in central and Syria remained loyal to the Umayyads and selected non-Sufyanid Marwan ibn al-Hakam Medina to succeed Mu'awiya II. proclamation Marwan as in marked turning point against al-Zubayr. Marwan's partisans, led by Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad, decisively defeated the pro-Zubayrid Qaysi tribes, led by ibn Qays the Battle Marj in 684. The surviving fled to the Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia) of Zufar ibn al-Harith al-Kilabi, who maintained his of Ibn suzerainty. However, in March 685, Ibn lost the economically important province of Egypt to Meanwhile, negotiations collapsed between Ibn al-Zubayr and the Kufan strongman al-Mukhtar al-Thaqafi, who afterward took cause of the Alid He declared Ibn caliph unprecedentedly Islamic the mahdī. partisans drove out the Zubayrid authorities from Kufa in October 685. later dispatched a Kufan force to the Hejaz and freed Mus'ab's in Basra and was also beginning to but ultimately secured after he backing the
 Egypt, Kufa, Yemen and the Qaysi Tribes of noRtherN SyRia. liKewiSe, in khurasan, the de fACto gOvernor Abd Allah ibn KhazIm al-SUlAMi ofFErEd his RecogniTIoN. iBn aL-ZUbAyr ApPOiNted hIs bRother MUs'ab as goveRnoR oF Basra and its DEpEndencies. IN a tEstament to thE exTent of ibN al-zUbayr'S soVereiGnty, coINs were Minted in hIs NAme as fAR as the dISTrIcts Of Kerman and Fars in MOdERn-day Iran; both wEre depEnDEnCIEs oF BaSra. NonetheLeSs, his AUthoritY OuTSIDe oF The Hejaz was laRgely nominaL.

mosT of the arAb tRIbes in CentrAl ANd sOuthern SyriA remAined loyaL to the uMayyads ANd selecTed the Non-sufYaniD maRwAn iBn AL-HaKAm FroM medIna to sucCeEd mu'awiYa II. tHE PRoclAmaTion Of MarWan as caliph in damAscuS MarKed a tUrninG poiNt AgainSt Ibn aL-ZubaYr. marwan's partisanS, led By Ubayd AlLah IbN ZiYaD, deciSIvely dEfeAteD the pro-zubayriD qaySi TRIBeS, led by al-Dahhak ibn QAyS AL-FIhri, at thE BattlE Of maRJ Rahit in juLy 684. THe suRVIving qaysI TrIbesmen fLed to tHE JAzIra (UppeR MEsopotAmIa) uNdeR the lEAderShip of zufar ibn Al-HarITh al-Kilabi, who mAIntained his reCOgNITiON of IBn aL-Zubayr's suzEraiNTy. HoWeveR, In marCH 685, Ibn aL-ZubaYr LOsT The economically impoRtAnt proVince Of Egypt to MarwAn.

MeanwhilE, NEGotiatioNs coLLaPSed between Ibn aL-ZubaYr and the KuFAn strongMan al-mukhtar aL-Thaqafi, wHO AfterwarD toOk uP thE caUSE oF the Alid familY. hE decLaRed Ibn aL-HaNafiyya CalIph And, UnpReCedentedlY in IslamIc HiStOrY, thE mahdĪ. al-MukhtaR's ParTiSanS drovE Out the zubayRid aUtHoRItiEs from KUFa IN octoBeR 685. AL-MukHtaR lAter dIspaTCheD a Kufan Force to thE HeJAz anD fReEd Ibn al-hanafiyya. Mus'aB's Authority iN BAsrA and KhURAsan was aLso beginning to waver, but wAS ultimaTelY secuRed aFter he gaiNed The bacKinG Of the pOwerfuL Azdi
 Egypt, Kufa, Yemen and th e Qaysi tr ibesofnor th ernSyri a. Likewise, i n  Khu rasan, the de facto go verno rA bd A l la h ibn  Khazim al - S ula mi  o ffe re d  h is re cog nition.  Ibn al-Zu bay rappointed hi s  b rother Mus 'ab  as governor  of  Basra  a ndi ts de pen denci es. In a test ament toth e  exten t  of Ibn a l- Zuba yr's sovereignty, co i ns were minted  in hi sn am e asfar  as the di st ricts of Kerm a na n d  Fa r s in modern-d ay Iran; bo t h w ere de pe nde n cies o f Bas ra .  No netheless,hisauthority  outsi d e of th e  Hejazwas la rge lynomi n al .
Mo st oft he  Ar a b t ribes in  c en tralands o u t hern  Sy riaremai ned loyal tothe  Uma y yad s and  sele cted  t he no n-Sufy anidMa rwan ibn al-Hak am f rom Medin a t osuc ce ed Mu ' awiyaII.  Th e procl amation ofMa r w a nas caliph in Damas cu s ma rked a t urning po in t  against  I bnal-Z u b ayr.Marw a n' s partis ans, l e dby  UbaydAl lah ib nZiy ad,  deci s ivel y defe ated the  pro- Z ubayrid Qaysit ribes, led by al - D ah h ak i bnQays al-Fih ri,a t th e Ba t tl e o f  Marj  Rahi ti nJ uly 684. The surviv in g Qays i tri besmen fled t o the Jazi r a (Upper M esop o ta m ia) under theleade rship of Z u far ibnal-Ha rith al- Kilabi, w h o  maintai ned  hi s r eco g n it ion of Ibn al - Z ubay r' s suzer ain ty. How eve r,inMar ch  685, Ibn  al-Zuba yr  l os tthe  econ o micallyim por ta ntprovi n ce ofEgypt  toMa rw a n.
Meanwh i le , nego ti at ions  co ll apsed  bet w een  Ibn al -Zubayr a ndt he K uf an  strong man al-Mukhta ral-Thaqafi ,who  after w a rd tookup the cause of the Ali d  family . H e dec lare d Ibn al- Han afiyya  ca l iph an d, unp reced en ted l y  in I s l am ichi story, the m ahd ī. Al -M ukht ar's pa rtisans drove outt heZubayrid auth ori ties f ro m K u fa inOc t obe r 685. Al-Mukhtar  later dis pa t ch ed a Kufan for ce  to the  Hejazand f r eed Ibn  al-Hanaf iyya. Mus 'a b'sa u tho rity in Ba sra andKhurasanw as al s obegin nin g to w av er,  butwas ul t ima telysecure dafterhe ga in ed the b acking of the powerfulAzdi
 Egypt,_Kufa, Yemen_and the Qaysi tribes_of northern_Syria._Likewise, in_Khurasan,_the de facto_governor Abd Allah_ibn Khazim al-Sulami offered_his recognition. Ibn_al-Zubayr_appointed his brother Mus'ab as governor of Basra and its dependencies. In a testament_to_the extent_of_Ibn_al-Zubayr's sovereignty, coins were minted_in his name as far_as the_districts of Kerman and Fars in modern-day Iran;_both_were dependencies of_Basra. Nonetheless, his authority outside of the Hejaz was_largely nominal.

Most of the Arab tribes_in central and_southern_Syria_remained loyal to the_Umayyads and selected the non-Sufyanid Marwan_ibn al-Hakam from Medina to succeed_Mu'awiya II. The proclamation of Marwan as_caliph in Damascus marked a turning_point against Ibn al-Zubayr. Marwan's_partisans, led_by Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad,_decisively defeated the_pro-Zubayrid Qaysi_tribes, led by_al-Dahhak ibn Qays al-Fihri, at the_Battle of Marj_Rahit in July 684. The surviving_Qaysi_tribesmen fled to_the_Jazira_(Upper Mesopotamia)_under the leadership_of_Zufar ibn_al-Harith_al-Kilabi, who maintained his recognition of_Ibn_al-Zubayr's suzerainty. However, in March 685, Ibn_al-Zubayr lost the economically_important_province of Egypt to_Marwan.

Meanwhile, negotiations collapsed between Ibn_al-Zubayr and the Kufan strongman al-Mukhtar_al-Thaqafi, who_afterward took_up the cause of the Alid family. He declared Ibn al-Hanafiyya_caliph and, unprecedentedly in Islamic history,_the mahdī. Al-Mukhtar's partisans_drove out_the_Zubayrid authorities from_Kufa_in October_685. Al-Mukhtar later dispatched a Kufan force_to the_Hejaz and freed Ibn al-Hanafiyya. Mus'ab's_authority in Basra and_Khurasan_was also beginning to waver, but_was ultimately secured after he gained_the backing of the powerful_Azdi