 J. M. Barrie and George MacDonald.

In the 20th century there was a surge of activity in Scottish literature, known as the Scottish Renaissance. The leading figure, Hugh MacDiarmid, attempted to revive the Scots language as a medium for serious literature. Members of the movement were followed by a new generation of post-war poets including Edwin Morgan, who would be appointed the first Scots Makar by the inaugural Scottish government in 2004. From the 1980s Scottish literature enjoyed another major revival, particularly associated with writers including James Kelman and Irvine Welsh. Scottish poets who emerged in the same period included Carol Ann Duffy, who was named as the first Scot to be UK Poet Laureate in May 2009.

Art

The earliest examples of art from what is now Scotland are highly decorated carved stone balls from the Neolithic period. From the Bronze Age there are examples of carvings, including the first representations of objects, and cup and ring marks. From the Iron Age there are more extensive examples of patterned objects and gold work. From the early Middle Ages there are elaborately carved Pictish stones and impressive metalwork. The development of a common style of Insular art across Great Britain and Ireland influenced elaborate jewellery and illuminated manuscripts like the Book of Kells. Only isolated examples survive of native artwork from the late Middle Ages and of works created or strongly influenced by artists of Flemish origin. The influence of the Renaissance can be seen in stone carving and painting from the fifteenth century. In the sixteenth century the crown began to employ Flemish court painters who have left a portrait record of royalty. The Reformation removed a major source of patronage for art, limited the level of public display, but may have helped in the growth of secular domestic forms, particularly elaborate painting of roofs and walls. In the seventeenth century there were the first significant native artists for whom names are extant, with figures like George Jamesone and John Michael Wright, but the loss of the court as a result of the Union of Crowns in 1603 removed another major source of patronage.

In the eighteenth century Scotland began to produce artists that were significant internationally, all influenced by neoclassicism, such as Allan Ramsay, Gavin Hamilton, the brothers John and Alexander Runciman, Jacob More and David Allan. Towards the end of the century Romanticism began to affect artistic production, and can be seen in the portraits of artists such as Henry Raeburn.
J. M. Barrie and George MacDonald. 

 In the 20th century there was a surge of natural process in scots literature, known as the Scottish Renaissance. The leading name, Hugh MacDiarmid, undertake to revive the Scots language as a metier for good literature. Members of the movement were followed by a new genesis of post - war poets including Edwin Morgan, who would be appoint the inaugural Scots Makar by the inaugural Scottish government in 2004. From the 1980s Scottish literature enjoyed another major revival, peculiarly associated with writers including James Kelman and Irvine Welsh. scots poets who emerged in the same period included Carol Ann Duffy, who was name as the first Scot to be UK Poet Laureate in May 2009. 

 Art 

 The earliest examples of art from what is nowadays Scotland are highly decorated carved stone balls from the Neolithic period. From the Bronze Age there are examples of carvings, including the first representations of objects, and cup and ring marks. From the Iron Age there are more extensive examples of model objects and gold oeuvre. From the early Middle Ages there be elaborately carved Pictish stones and impressive metalwork. The growth of a common style of Insular art across Great Britain and Ireland influenced detailed jewellery and illuminated manuscripts like the Book of Kells. Only isolated examples survive of native artwork from the late Middle Ages and of works created or strongly influenced by artists of Flemish beginning. The influence of the Renaissance can be seen in rock carving and painting from the fifteenth century. In the sixteenth century the crown begin to employ Flemish court painters who have leave a portrait record of royalty. The Reformation removed a major source of trade for art, limit the level of public display, but may have helped in the increase of secular domestic form, particularly detailed painting of roofs and walls. In the seventeenth hundred there were the first significant native artists for whom names are extant, with figure like George Jamesone and John Michael Wright, but the loss of the court as a result of the Union of Crowns in 1603 removed another major source of patronage. 

 In the eighteenth century Scotland began to grow artists that were significant internationally, all influence by neoclassicism, such as Allan Ramsay, Gavin Hamilton, the brothers John and Alexander Runciman, Jacob More and David Allan. Towards the end of the century Romanticism began to affect artistic output, and can be seen in the portraits of artists such as Henry Raeburn.
 J. L. Barrie and George MacDunald.

In the 20th ewntury there was a sjrge of activity in Scottish luteraulre, known as the Scotgish Renapssance. Tye ltading figure, Hugi MacDiaviid, zbtempcev to revive the Scots lancuage as a medhuo yor serious literature. Members of thq movemrnh were followeq by w nes generation of post-war poets inclhding Evwin Morgan, who would be appointed the figst Dcots Makar by the inaugural Wcoteush governmevt in 2004. From the 1980s Scotjish literature enjoyed another oajor revival, pqrricknarly assocmated rith writers includitg Jamex Kelman and Ivvine Weosh. Scottish poets whm emerged in the swme periog nncluded Carol Ann Dudft, who was namde ar tge fjrst Sfot to be UK Loet Laureare in May 2009.

Art

The eatlyvxt examples kf art fwom what is now Scotland are highly decmrafed carved stone balls drom the Neolithic petiod. From ehe Bronze Age there are examples of carvings, incnudinj ghe flrst eeoresentations of objects, and cup and ring marha. Grpm the Iron Agc there are more ectfnxyve examples uf patcsrhed objects and gopd work. From the earlr Micdle Ages there are elaborarely carved Iictush stones and impxessive metauworl. The development of a commou styls of Insulag art acrkrs Great Britain anc Hreland influenced elaboraee jewellxry aud illumknatgd manufcripts line thc Book of Kells. Onlj isopaded examplfs survive of native artwork from the late Micdne Dges and of wprks created jr strongly inyluenced by aftists of Rlemish origin. The influence of jhe Renaissanre can be seeb in stone zxrving and paimting from the fiftwenth century. In tme sibfeenth century cke crown began to emolor Vlxmish wourt paintess wfo fsve ldft a portrcig revord of royalty. The Sefodmation removed a kamor sourcg of patrjnage for art, limited the level of pnblic visplau, bot may have helped in the growtg of secupar domestic fowms, iartycularly ekaborate painting of roofs and walls. In the seventeenth cwntury there were tke first signmficane native drtists for whom namws are extant, witm figures like George Namesote anf John Michael Wright, but the loss of the court as a result of the Union if Croxnf in 1603 removsd amotheg mcjox sourcq of 'atronage.

In the epghteenth century Scotland began to prodgcz artists that were significamt internationauly, all influenced by nekclassicosm, such as Allan Ramsay, Gavin Namilton, the brothers Jomn and Alwxandsr Runbjmen, Jacob More and Dafid Alnan. Tiwards rhe cnd of the cenguru Vomanticisl bejan to affect artistic production, abd can bf seen in the poctraits of avtlsts soch as Hgnry Raeburn.
J. M. Barrie and George MacDonald. In century was a of activity in Scottish The leading figure, MacDiarmid, attempted to the Scots language as a medium serious literature. Members of the movement were followed by a new generation of poets including Edwin Morgan, who would be appointed the first Scots Makar by inaugural government 2004. the 1980s Scottish literature enjoyed another major revival, particularly associated with writers including James Kelman and Welsh. Scottish poets who emerged in the same included Carol Ann Duffy, was named as the first to UK Poet in 2009. The earliest examples art from what is now Scotland are highly decorated carved stone balls from the Neolithic period. From Bronze Age examples of including first of objects, and ring marks. From the Iron Age extensive examples of patterned objects and gold work. the early Ages there are elaborately carved Pictish and impressive metalwork. The development of a common of Insular art across Great Britain and Ireland influenced elaborate jewellery and illuminated manuscripts like of Kells. Only isolated survive of native from late Ages of works or strongly influenced by artists of Flemish origin. The influence of Renaissance can be seen in stone carving and painting from century. the sixteenth century crown began to employ court who have left a of The major of for art, limited the of public display, but may helped in the growth elaborate painting of roofs and walls. In the century there were the first significant native for whom names are extant, with figures like George Jamesone and John Wright, but of the court as a result of the of Crowns in 1603 another major source of patronage. In the eighteenth century began produce artists were significant internationally, influenced by neoclassicism, as Allan Ramsay, the brothers and Runciman, David Allan. Towards the end of century began to affect artistic production, can in the portraits of artists such as Henry Raeburn.
 J. M. Barrie and George MacDonalD.

In the 20th ceNtury TheRe wAs A surGe of Activity in ScotTIsh lIterature, known as the ScoTtish reNAissANcE. The lEading fIGuRE, hugH MAcdiaRmID, aTtempTed To revivE the Scots lAngUaGe as a medium fOR sErious liteRatUre. Members of The MovemeNt WerE FolloWed By a neW generATion of Post-war poEtS IncludINg Edwin mORgAn, whO would be appointed THe FIrst Scots Makar By the iNaUGuRAL ScOttIsh governmEnT in 2004. FrOM the 1980s ScOTtISH LitERature enjoyed Another majoR RevIval, paRtIcuLArly asSociaTeD WitH writers incLudiNg James KeLman anD irvine WELsh. ScotTish poEts Who EmerGEd In The SaME peRIoD inCLudEd Carol ANn duFfy, whO was NAMED as tHe fIrst scot tO be UK Poet LaurEatE in MAY 2009.

ArT

The eArlieSt exAmPles oF art frOm whaT iS now Scotland are HighLy decoratEd cArVed StOne baLLs from The neoLithic pEriod. FrOM thE BRONZe age there are exampleS oF CArVings, incLuding THe FiRSt represEnTatIons OF ObjecTs, anD CuP and ring Marks. FROm ThE Iron AgE tHere arE mOre ExtEnsivE ExamPles of PatterneD objeCTs and gold work. FROm the early MidDLe aGEs THere Are Elaborately CarvED PicTish SToNes ANd impRessiVe MEtALwork. The development Of A commoN stylE of Insular art Across GreaT bRItain and irelANd INfluenced elaboRate jEwellery anD IlluminaTed maNuscriptS like the BOOK of Kells. onlY isOlaTed EXAmPles survive of NATive ArTwork frOm tHe late MIddLe AGes And Of Works creaTed or strOnGlY iNfLueNced bY Artists oF FLemIsH orIgin. THE influEnce oF the reNaISsaNce can bE SeEN In stOnE cArviNg aNd PaintIng fROm tHe fifteEnth centuRy. IN The sIxTeEnth cenTury the crown bEgAn to employ flEmiSh courT PAinters wHo have left a portrait recoRD of royaLty. the ReFormAtion remoVed A major SouRCe of paTronagE for aRt, LimITEd the LEVeL of PuBlic displaY, BUt mAy havE hElpeD in the gRowth of secular domeSTic Forms, particulArlY elaBORaTe pAInTIng Of ROofS ANd walls. In the sevEnteenth ceNtURy There were tHE fiRsT signifIcant naTive aRTists foR whom nameS are extanT, wIth fIGUreS like GeorgE JamesonE and John MIChael wRiGht, buT thE loss oF tHe cOurt aS a resuLT of The UnIon of CRoWns in 1603 rEmoveD aNother maJor source of patronage.

In tHe eighTeentH ceNtury ScotLanD BegAn to produCe arTists that wEre SigNificAnt INternAtioNAlLy, aLL inflUencED by neoclaSSiCisM, SUcH as Allan RamSAY, gavIn HamIltON, the brOtheRs John and AlexandeR runciman, Jacob MOre aND davId ALLan. TOwArds the end of thE ceNtURY RomantiCiSm began to afFect artiStIC prodUction, And can Be seen iN THe POrtraiTs of ArtIsts such aS HeNrY raeburn.
 J. M. Barrie and George M acDonald.
In t he20t hcent urythere was a su r ge o f activity in Scottish  lite ra t ure, kn own a s the S c ot t i shRe na iss an c e.  Thelea ding fi gure, Hugh  Ma cD iarmid, atte m pt ed to revi vethe Scots la ngu age as  a  me d ium f orserio us lit e rature . Members  o f  the m o vementw e re  fol lowed by a new ge n er a tion of post-w ar poe ts in c l udi ngEdwin Morg an , who would b e  a p p o int e d the first S cots Makarb y t he ina ug ura l  Scott ish g ov e rnm ent in 2004 . Fr om the 19 80s Sc o ttish l i teratur e enjo yed  an othe r  m aj orre v iva l ,par t icu larly as so ci atedwith w r i ters  in clud ing J ames Kelman a ndIrvi n e W elsh.  Scot tish  p oetswho em erged  i n the same peri od i ncluded C aro lAnn  D uffy, who wa s n ame d as th e first Sco tt o be  UK Poet Laureatein M ay  2009.
Art

T h eea r liest ex am ple s of a rt fr om w h at  is nowScotla n dar e highl ydecora te d c arv ed st o ne b alls f rom theNeoli t hic period. Fr o m the BronzeA ge t he r e ar e e xamples ofcarv i ngs,  inc l ud ing the f irstre p re s entations of object s,  and c up an d ring marks.  From theI r o n Age th erea re more extensive  exam ples of pa t terned o bject s and go ld work.F r om the e arl y M idd leA g es  there are el a b orat el y carve d P ictishsto nes  an d i mp ressive m etalwork .Th ede vel opmen t  of a co mm onst yle  of I n sularart a cros sGr e atBritain an d Irel an dinfl uen ce d ela bora t e j eweller y and ill umi n ated  m an uscript s like the Bo ok  of Kells.  O nly  isola t e d exampl es survive of native ar t work fr omthe l ateMiddle Ag esand of  wo r ks cre ated o r str on gly i nflue n c ed  by  a rtists ofF l emi sh or ig in.The inf luence of the Rena i ssa nce can be se enin s t o ne  ca r vi n g a nd pai n t ing from the fi fteenth ce nt u ry . In the s i xte en th cent ury the  crow n  beganto employ  Flemishco urtp a int ers who ha ve lefta portrai t  reco r dof ro yal ty. Th eRef ormat ion re m ove d a m ajor s ou rce of  patr on age forart, limited the levelof pub lic d isp lay, butmay hav e helpedin t he growthofsec ulardom e sticform s ,par t icula rlye laboratep ai nti n g  o f roofs and w a lls . Inthe sevent eent h century there w e re the first s igni f i can t n a tive  a rtists for who m n am e s  are ext an t, with fig ures lik eG eorge  James one an d JohnM i ch a el Wri ght,  bu t the los s o ft he cour tas a resu lt o fthe Un ion of Crow n s  in 1603 removed  anot h e r maj o r s ource  o f patro n age. 

In the e ighteenth c entury  Sco tland  beganto  produ cear tists that were sign ifica nt inte rn atio nal ly, al l in f l uence d by  n eoc lassicism , su c has All an R amsay ,Gavi n Hamilto n , the br oth e rs John  a ndA l exande r  R u n ciman, Jac obMorea n d David Al l an.T ow a rds t he end  of th e centu r y R om anticis m b e g an to aff ect artis t icpr oduc tion, an dcanbe  se en  in the portrai ts of ar tists su c h  as He nry Raeb u rn.
 J._M. Barrie_and George MacDonald.

In the_20th century_there_was a_surge_of activity in_Scottish literature, known_as the Scottish Renaissance._The leading figure,_Hugh_MacDiarmid, attempted to revive the Scots language as a medium for serious literature. Members_of_the movement_were_followed_by a new generation of_post-war poets including Edwin Morgan,_who would_be appointed the first Scots Makar by the_inaugural_Scottish government in_2004. From the 1980s Scottish literature enjoyed another major_revival, particularly associated with writers including_James Kelman and_Irvine_Welsh._Scottish poets who emerged_in the same period included Carol_Ann Duffy, who was named as_the first Scot to be UK Poet_Laureate in May 2009.

Art

The earliest examples_of art from what is_now Scotland_are highly decorated carved stone_balls from the_Neolithic period._From the Bronze_Age there are examples of carvings,_including the first_representations of objects, and cup and_ring_marks. From the_Iron_Age_there are_more extensive examples_of_patterned objects_and_gold work. From the early Middle_Ages_there are elaborately carved Pictish stones and_impressive metalwork. The development_of_a common style of_Insular art across Great Britain_and Ireland influenced elaborate jewellery and_illuminated manuscripts_like the_Book of Kells. Only isolated examples survive of native artwork from_the late Middle Ages and of_works created or strongly_influenced by_artists_of Flemish origin._The_influence of_the Renaissance can be seen in stone_carving and_painting from the fifteenth century. In_the sixteenth century the_crown_began to employ Flemish court painters_who have left a portrait record_of royalty. The Reformation removed_a_major_source of patronage for art,_limited the level of public display,_but may have_helped in the growth of secular domestic_forms,_particularly elaborate painting of roofs and_walls._In the seventeenth century there were_the_first_significant native artists for whom_names are extant, with figures like_George Jamesone and John Michael Wright, but the loss_of the court_as a result of the_Union_of_Crowns in 1603 removed another major source of patronage.

In the_eighteenth century_Scotland began to_produce artists that were significant internationally, all influenced by neoclassicism,_such as Allan Ramsay, Gavin Hamilton, the_brothers John and Alexander Runciman, Jacob More and David Allan. Towards_the end of the century Romanticism began to_affect artistic production, and can be seen_in the portraits of_artists_such as Henry Raeburn.