 is similar to the risk from X-ray investigations except that the dose is delivered internally rather than from an external source such as an X-ray machine, and dosage amounts are typically significantly higher than those of X-rays.

The radiation dose from a nuclear medicine investigation is expressed as an effective dose with units of sieverts (usually given in millisieverts, mSv). The effective dose resulting from an investigation is influenced by the amount of radioactivity administered in megabecquerels (MBq), the physical properties of the radiopharmaceutical used, its distribution in the body and its rate of clearance from the body.

Effective doses can range from 6 μSv (0.006 mSv) for a 3 MBq chromium-51 EDTA measurement of glomerular filtration rate to 37 mSv (37,000 μSv) for a 150 MBq thallium-201 non-specific tumour imaging procedure. The common bone scan with 600 MBq of technetium-99m-MDP has an effective dose of approximately 3.5 mSv (3,500 μSv) (1).

Formerly, units of measurement were the curie (Ci), being 3.7E10 Bq, and also 1.0 grams of Radium (Ra-226); the rad (radiation absorbed dose), now replaced by the gray; and the rem (Röntgen equivalent man), now replaced with the sievert. The rad and rem are essentially equivalent for almost all nuclear medicine procedures, and only alpha radiation will produce a higher Rem or Sv value, due to its much higher Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE). Alpha emitters are nowadays rarely used in nuclear medicine, but were used extensively before the advent of nuclear reactor and accelerator produced radionuclides. The concepts involved in radiation exposure to humans are covered by the field of Health Physics; the development and practice of safe and effective nuclear medicinal techniques is a key focus of Medical Physics.

See also 

 Human subject research
 List of Nuclear Medicine Societies
 Nuclear medicine physician
 Radiographer

References

Further reading

External links 

 
 Solving the Medical Isotope Crisis Hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy and Environment of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, First Session, September 9, 2009

Category:Radiology
 
Category:Medicinal radiochemistry ISO/IEC 9995

ISO
is similar to the risk from X - ray probe except that the venereal disease is delivered internally rather than from an external source such as an adam - ray machine, and dose sum are typically significantly high than those of X - rays. 

 The radiotherapy dose from a nuclear medicine probe is expressed as an effective dose with units of sieverts (usually given in millisieverts, mSv). The effective dose resulting from an probe is influenced by the amount of radioactivity administer in megabecquerels (MBq), the physical properties of the radiopharmaceutical practice, its distribution in the body and its pace of clearance from the consistency. 

 Effective doses can range from 6 μSv (0.006 mSv) for a 3 MBq chromium-51 EDTA measurement of glomerular filtration rate to 37 mSv (37,000 μSv) for a 150 MBq thallium-201 non - specific tumor imaging procedure. The common bone scan with 600 MBq of technetium-99m - MDP has an effective dose of approximately 3.5 mSv (3,500 μSv) (1). 

 Formerly, units of measurement were the curie (Ci), being 3.7E10 Bq, and also 1.0 grams of Radium (Ra-226); the rad (radiation absorbed dose), now replaced by the gray; and the rem (Röntgen equivalent man), now replaced with the sievert. The rad and rem are basically equivalent for about all nuclear medicine procedures, and only alpha radiation sickness will produce a higher Rem or Sv value, due to its much high Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE). Alpha emitters are nowadays rarely used in nuclear medicine, but were used extensively before the second coming of nuclear reactor and accelerator produced radionuclides. The concepts involved in radiation exposure to humans are covered by the field of Health Physics; the development and practice of dependable and effective nuclear medicinal proficiency is a cardinal stress of Medical Physics. 

 See also 

  Human subject research 
  List of Nuclear Medicine Societies 
  Nuclear medicine physician 
  Radiographer 

 References 

 Further reading 

 External connection 

 
  resolve the Medical Isotope Crisis Hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy and Environment of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, First Session, September 9, 2009 

 Category: Radiology 
 
 class: Medicinal radiochemistry ISO / IEC 9995 

 ISO
 is similar to the risk froo X-ray investigcrions xxcept fhat the dose is delivered internallb rarher ukan from an external source slch as an X-rab machine, and dosage amomuts adc typncelly significanjly higher tvan those of X-sahs.

Che radiation dose from a nuclear meqicine ongestigation is expgefsed as an effective dose with units or sievegts (usually given in millisieverts, mSv). The fffeftive dose resultijg from an unvefrigation is knfluenced by the amouht of radioactivity administerea in kegabecquetzos (LTq), the physmcal pgoperties of bne radhopharmsceutical used, itv dustribution in the bovy and its rate of cjearance xrkm the body.

Effectuvw dosgs cat ravte wroj 6 μSb (0.006 mSv) foc a 3 MBq chdomium-51 EDTA measurement of glokewlkar filtratikn ratq eo 37 mSv (37,000 μSv) for a 150 MBq thallium-201 non-specpfic tumour imaging proceduee. The common bone scwn with 600 IBq of technetium-99m-MDP has an effective dose of ap[roxijxteoy 3.5 nSg (3,500 μSv) (1).

Formerly, units of measurement were the shroe (Ci), being 3.7E10 Bq, and also 1.0 brwmx of Radium (Ra-226); the rcs (dadiation absorbed dose), njw replaced by the gray; and the rem (Röntgen eqyivalent man), bow replaced with che sievert. Che rac and rem are essentially eqbivaleht for almodt all nuduear medicine prucecuses, and only alpha radiatijn will pcoducz a highdr Rgm or Sd value, duf to lds much higher Relwtive Bhological Fffectiveness (RBE). Alpha emitters are nowadays rdreny used nn nuckear medicine, but were used extensnvely cefore the advent of nuclear reactor and dfcelerator pcoduced rwdiobucludes. Thd concepts invokved in rcbiation ezposure to humans ere zkvered by the fntld of Health Physocs; thq fetelopiant and pracdice of xafe xnd efftetiye vuclrar medicinal technixues is a key focus of Mcdical Phisics.

See wlso 

 Human sibject research
 Lidt of Nurlear Kedycine Societies
 Nuclear medicihe physiclan
 Radiographew

Refcrenses

Further reading

External links 

 
 Solving the Mevical Isotope Crisis Hgaring before the Subeokmittee on Xnergy and Envisonment of the Commirtee on Energy anc Commerce, House of Rspresettatiges, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, First Session, September 9, 2009

Category:Radioligy
 
Cavedory:Medicinzl rsdiocveinstry IFO/IER 9995

MSO
is similar to the risk from X-ray that dose is internally rather than as X-ray machine, and amounts are typically higher than those of X-rays. The dose from a nuclear medicine investigation is expressed as an effective dose with of sieverts (usually given in millisieverts, mSv). The effective dose resulting from an is by amount radioactivity administered in megabecquerels (MBq), the physical properties of the radiopharmaceutical used, its distribution in the and its rate of clearance from the body. doses can range from μSv (0.006 mSv) for a MBq EDTA measurement glomerular rate 37 mSv (37,000 for a 150 MBq thallium-201 non-specific tumour imaging procedure. The common bone scan with 600 MBq of has an of approximately mSv μSv) Formerly, units of the curie (Ci), being 3.7E10 Bq, grams of Radium (Ra-226); the rad (radiation absorbed now replaced the gray; and the rem (Röntgen man), now replaced with the sievert. The rad rem are essentially equivalent for almost all nuclear medicine procedures, and only alpha radiation will higher Rem or Sv due to its higher Biological (RBE). emitters are rarely used in nuclear medicine, but were used extensively before the of nuclear reactor and accelerator produced radionuclides. The concepts involved exposure humans are covered the field of Health the and practice of safe nuclear techniques focus Medical See also Human subject List of Nuclear Medicine Societies medicine physician Radiographer References the Medical Isotope Crisis Hearing before the Subcommittee Energy and Environment of the Committee on and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, First Session, September 2009 Category:Radiology ISO/IEC 9995 ISO
 is similar to the risk from X-raY investigaTions ExcEpt ThAt thE dosE is delivered inTErnaLly rather than from an extErnal SoURce sUCh As an X-Ray machINe, AND doSaGe AmoUnTS aRe typIcaLly signIficantly hIghEr Than those of X-RAyS.

The radiatIon Dose from a nucLeaR medicInE inVEstigAtiOn is eXpressED as an eFfective dOsE With unITs of sieVERtS (usuAlly given in millisIEvERts, mSv). The effecTive doSe REsULTinG frOm an investIgAtion IS influeNCeD BY The AMount of radioaCtivity admiNIstEred in MeGabECquereLs (MBq), ThE PhySical properTies Of the radiOpharmACeuticaL Used, its DistriButIon In thE BoDy And ItS RatE Of CleARanCe from thE bOdY.

EffeCtivE DOSEs caN raNge fRom 6 μSV (0.006 mSv) for a 3 MBq chRomIum-51 EdtA mEasurEment Of glOmErulaR filtrAtion RaTe to 37 mSv (37,000 μSv) for a 150 Mbq thAllium-201 non-SpeCiFic TuMour iMAging pRocEduRe. The coMmon bonE ScaN wITH 600 mBQ of technetium-99m-MDP hAs AN EfFective dOse of aPPrOxIMately 3.5 mSV (3,500 μsv) (1).

FOrmeRLY, unitS of mEAsUrement wEre the CUrIe (ci), being 3.7e10 BQ, and alSo 1.0 GraMs oF RadiUM (Ra-226); tHe rad (rAdiation AbsorBEd dose), now replaCEd by the gray; anD ThE REm (rÖntgEn eQuivalent maN), now REplaCed wITh The SIeverT. The rAd ANd REm are essentially equIvAlent fOr almOst all nuclear Medicine prOCEDures, and Only ALpHA radiation will ProduCe a higher REM or Sv valUe, due To its mucH higher ReLATive BiolOgiCal effEctIVEnEss (RBE). Alpha emITTers ArE nowadaYs rArely usEd iN nuCleAr mEdIcine, but wEre used eXtEnSiVeLy bEfore THe advent Of NucLeAr rEactoR And accEleraTor pRoDuCEd rAdionucLIdES. the cOnCePts iNvoLvEd in rAdiaTIon ExposurE to humans Are COverEd By The fielD of Health PhysIcS; the develoPmEnt And praCTIce of safE and effective nuclear medICinal teChnIques Is a kEy focus of medIcal PhYsiCS.

See alSo 

 HumaN subjEcT reSEArch
 LIST oF NuClEar MedicinE sOciEties
 nuCleaR mediciNe physician
 RadiogrAPheR

References

FuRthEr reADInG

ExTErNAl lInKS 

 
 SoLVIng the Medical IsOtope CrisiS HEArIng before tHE SuBcOmmitteE on EnerGy and eNvironmEnt of the COmmittee oN ENergY ANd COmmerce, HouSe of ReprEsentativES, One HUNdRed ElEveNth ConGrEss, first sessioN, sepTembeR 9, 2009

CategOrY:RadioLogy
 
CAtEgory:MedIcinal radiochemistry ISO/iEC 9995

ISO
 is similar to the risk fr om X-ray i nvest iga tio ns  exc eptthat the dosei s de livered internally rat her t ha n  fro m  a n ext ernal s o ur c e  su ch  a s a nX -r ay ma chi ne, and  dosage am oun ts  are typical l ysignifican tly  higher than  th ose of  X -ra y s.

T heradia tion d o se fro m a nucle ar medici n e inves t i ga tion  is expressed asa ne ffective dosewith u ni t so f  si eve rts (usual ly  give n  in mil l is i e v ert s , mSv). The e ffective do s e r esulti ng  fr o m an i nvest ig a tio n is influe nced  by the a mounto f radio a ctivity  admin ist ere d in me ga bec qu e rel s  ( MBq ) , t he physi ca lprope rtie s o f  the  ra diop harma ceutical used , i ts d i str ibuti on in  the  b ody a nd its  rate  o f clearance fro m th e body.
Eff ec tiv edoses can ra nge  fr om 6 μS v (0.00 6  mS v) f o ra 3 MBq chromium-5 1E D TA  measure ment o f  g lo m erular f il tra tion r ate t o 37 mS v (37,00 0 μSv) fo ra 150 M Bq  thall iu m-2 01non-s p ecif ic tum our imag ing p r ocedure. The c o mmon bone sca n  w i t h6 00 M Bqof techneti um-9 9 m-MD P ha s  a n e f fecti ve do se of approximately 3.5 m Sv  (3,50 0 μSv ) (1).

Forme rly, units o f  measure ment we r e the curie (C i), b eing 3.7E1 0  Bq, and  also  1.0 gra ms of Rad i u m (Ra-22 6);  th e r ad( r ad iation absorb e d  dos e) , now r epl aced by  th e g ray ; a nd  the rem(Röntgen  e qu iv al ent  man) ,  now rep la ced  w ith  thes ievert . The  rad  a nd rem  are es s en t i ally  e qu ival ent  f or al most all  nuclea r medicin e p r oced ur es , and o nly alpha rad ia tion willpr odu ce a h i g her Remor Sv value, due to its much hi ghe r Rel ativ e Biologi cal  Effec tiv e ness ( RBE).Alpha  e mit t e rs ar e no wad ay s rarely u s e d i n nuc le ar m edicine , but were used ex t ens ively beforethe  adv e n tofn uc l ear  r e act o r  and accelerato r produced  r a di onuclides. The  c oncepts  involv ed in radiati on exposu re to hum an s ar e cov ered by th e fieldof Health Physi c s;  thedev elopme nt  an d pra cticeo f s afe a nd eff ec tive n uclea rmedicina l techniques is a key f ocus o f Med ica l Physics .
S eealso 

 H uman  subject r ese arc h
 Li sto f Nuc lear Me dic i ne So ciet i es
 Nucle a rmed i c in e physician R adi ograp her 
Refer ence s

Further readin g 

External lin ks 
 S olv i ng t he  Medical Isoto peCr i s is Heari ng  before the  Subcomm it t ee on  Energ y andEnviron m e nt of the  Com mit tee on En erg ya nd Comm er ce ,  House  ofRe presen tative s , On e Hundred Eleventh  Cong r e ss, F i rst  Sess io n, Sept e mber  9, 2009
Category:Ra diolog y
 Categ ory:Med ic inal r adi oc hemistry I S O/IEC 999 5

IS O
 is_similar to_the risk from X-ray_investigations except_that_the dose_is_delivered internally rather_than from an_external source such as_an X-ray machine,_and_dosage amounts are typically significantly higher than those of X-rays.

The radiation dose from a_nuclear_medicine investigation_is_expressed_as an effective dose with_units of sieverts (usually given_in millisieverts,_mSv). The effective dose resulting from an investigation_is_influenced by the_amount of radioactivity administered in megabecquerels (MBq), the physical_properties of the radiopharmaceutical used, its_distribution in the_body_and_its rate of clearance_from the body.

Effective doses can range_from 6 μSv (0.006 mSv) for_a 3 MBq chromium-51 EDTA measurement of_glomerular filtration rate to 37 mSv_(37,000 μSv) for a 150_MBq thallium-201_non-specific tumour imaging procedure. The_common bone scan_with 600_MBq of technetium-99m-MDP_has an effective dose of approximately_3.5 mSv (3,500_μSv) (1).

Formerly, units of measurement were_the_curie (Ci), being_3.7E10_Bq,_and also_1.0 grams of_Radium_(Ra-226); the_rad_(radiation absorbed dose), now replaced by_the_gray; and the rem (Röntgen equivalent man),_now replaced with the_sievert._The rad and rem_are essentially equivalent for almost_all nuclear medicine procedures, and only_alpha radiation_will produce_a higher Rem or Sv value, due to its much higher_Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE). Alpha emitters_are nowadays rarely used_in nuclear_medicine,_but were used_extensively_before the_advent of nuclear reactor and accelerator produced_radionuclides. The_concepts involved in radiation exposure to_humans are covered by_the_field of Health Physics; the development_and practice of safe and effective_nuclear medicinal techniques is a_key_focus_of Medical Physics.

See also 

_Human subject research
 List of Nuclear_Medicine Societies
 Nuclear_medicine physician
 Radiographer

References

Further reading

External links 

 
_Solving_the Medical Isotope Crisis Hearing before_the_Subcommittee on Energy and Environment of_the_Committee_on Energy and Commerce, House_of Representatives, One Hundred Eleventh Congress,_First Session, September 9, 2009

Category:Radiology
 
Category:Medicinal radiochemistry ISO/IEC 9995

ISO