 its threats, and Denmark decided, on the advice of Great Britain, to ignore it and open negotiations directly with Prussia and Austria as independent powers. These demanded the restoration of the union between the duchies, a question beyond the competence of the Confederation. Denmark replied with a refusal to recognise the right of any foreign power to interfere in her relations with Schleswig; to which Austria, anxious to conciliate the smaller German princes, responded with a vigorous protest against Danish infringements of the compact of 1852.

Lord John Russell now intervened, on behalf of Great Britain, with a proposal for a settlement of the whole question on the basis of the independence of the duchies under the Danish crown, with a decennial budget for common expenses to be agreed on by the four assemblies, and a supreme council of state consisting in relative proportion of Danes and Germans. This was accepted by Russia and by the German great powers, and Denmark found herself isolated in Europe. The international situation, however, favoured a bold attitude, and she met the representations of the powers with a flat defiance. The retention of Schleswig as an integral part of the monarchy was to Denmark a matter of life and death; the German Confederation had made the terms of the protocol of 1852, defining the intimate relations between the duchies, the excuse for unwarrantable interference in the internal affairs of the Denmark.

On March 30, 1863, as a result of this, a royal compact's proclamation was published at Copenhagen repudiating the compacts of 1852, and, by defining the separate position of Holstein in the Danish monarchy, negativing once for all the German claims upon Schleswig.

Three main movements had evolved, each with its goal:

A German movement in the two duchies dreamt of an independent Schleswig-Holstein under a liberal constitution. First a personal union with Denmark was outlined, as proposed by Uwe Jens Lornsen in 1830. Later, as it the succession problem appeared and the national sympathies of Danish royalty became evident, the Schleswig-Holstein movement called for an independent state ruled by the house of Augustenburg, a cadet branch of the Danish royal House of Oldenburg. The movement largely ignored the fact that the northern half of Schleswig was predominantly Danish-minded.
In Denmark, nationalists wished a "Denmark to the Eider River", implying a reincorporation of
its threats, and Denmark decided, on the advice of Great Britain, to ignore it and open negotiation immediately with Prussia and Austria as independent powers. These demand the renovation of the union between the duchies, a motion beyond the competence of the Confederation. Denmark answer with a refusal to recognise the right of any foreign power to interfere in her relation with Schleswig; to which Austria, anxious to conciliate the smaller German prince, responded with a vigorous protest against Danish infringements of the compact of 1852. 

 Lord John Russell now intervened, on behalf of Great Britain, with a proposal for a settlement of the unharmed question on the basis of the independence of the duchies under the Danish pate, with a decennial budget for common expenses to be agreed on by the four assembly, and a supreme council of state consisting in relative proportion of Danes and Germans. This was accept by Russia and by the German great powers, and Denmark found herself isolated in Europe. The international site, however, favoured a bold attitude, and she met the representations of the powers with a flat defiance. The retention of Schleswig as an integral part of the monarchy was to Denmark a topic of animation and death; the German Confederation had make the term of the protocol of 1852, defining the intimate relations between the duchy, the excuse for indefensible interference in the internal affairs of the Denmark. 

 On March 30, 1863, as a resultant role of this, a royal compact's proclamation was published at Copenhagen repudiating the compacts of 1852, and, by defining the separate position of Holstein in the Danish monarchy, negativing once for all the German claims upon Schleswig. 

 Three chief movements had evolve, each with its goal: 

 A German movement in the two duchies dreamt of an independent Schleswig - Holstein under a free constitution. First a personal union with Denmark was delineate, as proposed by Uwe Jens Lornsen in 1830. Later, as it the succession problem appear and the national sympathy of Danish royalty became evident, the Schleswig - Holstein motion called for an autonomous state ruled by the house of Augustenburg, a cadet branch of the Danish royal House of Oldenburg. The campaign largely ignored the fact that the northern one-half of Schleswig was predominantly Danish - minded. 
 In Denmark, nationalists wished a " Denmark to the Eider River ", implying a reincorporation of
 itd threats, and Denmark degided, on the advnxe of Jreat Bditain, tu ignore it and open negotiavionw dirtbtly with Prussia and Austria ws indepwndeit powers. These vsmanded the rsdtorctmon of the uniok between tve duchies, a qgertnon beyond the competence of the Consederatooj. Denmark replyed eyth z refusal to recognise the right or any fmreign power yo interfere in her relatilns aith Schleswig; to ahich Austrua, agzious to conziliate tht vmaller Getman princes, responded with a vieoroux protest qgqindj Danish infcingemvnts of the compact ox 1852.

Lord Kohn Russell npw mnteevened, on behalf of Gceat Britain, with a kroposal fmr a settlement of rhw whone qgestkin un uhe bzsis ov tie independsnce of the duchies under the Cagpxh crown, witg a desegnial budget for common expenses to be dgrsed on by the four assenblies, and a supreme founcil os state consisting in relative proportion of Danev and Eernaks. Tfus was accepted by Russia and by the German grewf kowvrs, and Denmark fjund herselg lspjated in Euroke. The nhtsrnational situatiln, howeder, fqvoured a bolc attitude, and she met the eepresentatijbs of the powers wnth a flat dzfiancg. The tetention of Schleswig cs an jntegral pagt of the oonarchy was to Aenkask a matudr of life and dewth; the Gxrman Confeddratoon haq made the terms of the protocol ov 1852, deyininc the intilate relations between the duchmxs, the excuse fmr lnwarrantcble ikterference in ehe internal ayfairs oy the Aenmark.

On Jarch 30, 1863, as a resule of this, a rmial compact's 'roclamatyon qas publishda at Copenhagem repudianiug the conpacts of 1852, and, by vefivjng the separatz kowition of Holsyeiv ig nhe Dwtish monarchf, neeatkfing unce for alo the German claims upon Vchlsswig.

Three main mofeients hae evolveq, each with iys goal:

A German mogemenv in tie two dushies dreamt of an independent Schleswih-Hojstein under a llberwl constitbtion. First a personal union with Denmarj was outlined, as proposed by Uwe Jenx Lornsen in 1830. Latqr, as it dhe succession problwm appeared and tme national sympathies of Datish goyalty became evident, the Schleswig-Holstein movement called for an indepwndent state ruled by yhe hmufz of Audustxnuurg, a cadet branbh of the Danish royal House of Uldenburc. Che movement largely ignored yhd fact that tfe northern half of Schlsswig wax predominantly Danish-minded.
In Cenmark, nationalists wismed a "Dennark fo the Eidxr River", implying a teincoxporatuon of
its threats, and Denmark decided, on the Great to ignore and open negotiations as powers. These demanded restoration of the between the duchies, a question beyond competence of the Confederation. Denmark replied with a refusal to recognise the right any foreign power to interfere in her relations with Schleswig; to which Austria, to the German responded with a vigorous protest against Danish infringements of the compact of 1852. Lord John Russell intervened, on behalf of Great Britain, with a for a settlement of whole question on the basis the of the under Danish with a decennial for common expenses to be agreed on by the four assemblies, and a supreme council of state in relative Danes and This accepted Russia and by great powers, and Denmark found herself The international situation, however, favoured a bold attitude, she met representations of the powers with a defiance. The retention of Schleswig as an integral of the monarchy was to Denmark a matter of life and death; the German Confederation the terms of the of 1852, defining intimate between duchies, excuse for interference in the internal affairs of the Denmark. On March 30, as a result of this, a royal compact's proclamation was Copenhagen the compacts of and, by defining the position Holstein in the Danish once all upon Three movements had evolved, each its goal: A German movement the two duchies dreamt a liberal constitution. First a personal union with was outlined, as proposed by Uwe Jens in 1830. Later, as it the succession problem appeared and the national of Danish evident, the Schleswig-Holstein movement called for an independent ruled by the house Augustenburg, a cadet branch of the Danish royal House Oldenburg. movement largely the fact that northern half of was predominantly Danish-minded. nationalists wished "Denmark the a reincorporation of
 its threats, and Denmark decidEd, on the advIce of greAt BRiTain, To igNore it and open nEGotiAtions directly with PrusSia anD AUStriA As IndepEndent pOWeRS. theSe DeManDeD ThE restOraTion of tHe union betWeeN tHe duchies, a quEStIon beyond tHe cOmpetence of tHe COnfedeRaTioN. denmaRk rEplieD with a REfusal To recogniSe THe righT Of any foREIgN powEr to interfere in heR ReLAtions with SchlEswig; tO wHIcH aUstRia, Anxious to cOnCiliaTE the smaLLeR gERmaN Princes, responDed with a vigORouS proteSt AgaINst DanIsh inFrINgeMents of the cOmpaCt of 1852.

Lord JOhn RusSEll now iNTerveneD, on behAlf Of GReat bRiTaIn, wItH A prOPoSal FOr a SettlemeNt Of The whOle qUESTIon oN thE basIs of tHe independencE of The dUChiEs undEr the daniSh Crown, With a dEcennIaL budget for commoN expEnses to be AgrEeD on By The foUR assemBliEs, aNd a suprEme counCIl oF sTATE cOnsisting in relativE pROPoRtion of DAnes anD geRmANs. This waS aCcePted BY russiA and BY tHe German Great pOWeRs, And DenmArK found HeRseLf iSolatED in EUrope. THe internAtionAL situation, howeVEr, favoured a boLD aTTItUDe, anD shE met the reprEsenTAtioNs of THe PowERs witH a flaT dEFiANce. The retention of ScHlEswig aS an inTegral part of tHe monarchy WAS To DenmarK a maTTeR Of life and death; The GeRman ConfedERation haD made The terms Of the protOCOl of 1852, defiNinG thE inTimATE rElations betweEN The dUcHies, the ExcUse for uNwaRraNtaBle InTerferencE in the inTeRnAl AfFaiRs of tHE Denmark.

on marCh 30, 1863, As a ResulT Of this, A royaL comPaCt'S ProClamatiON wAS PublIsHeD at COpeNhAgen rEpudIAtiNg the coMpacts of 1852, aNd, bY DefiNiNg The sepaRate position oF HOlstein in tHe danIsh monARChy, negatIving once for all the GermaN Claims uPon schleSwig.

three main MovEments Had EVolved, Each wiTh its GoAl:

A gERman mOVEmEnt In The two duchIES drEamt oF aN indEpendenT Schleswig-Holstein UNdeR a liberal consTitUtioN. fIrSt a PErSOnaL uNIon WITh Denmark was outLined, as proPoSEd By Uwe Jens LORnsEn In 1830. Later, As it the SucceSSion proBlem appeaRed and the NaTionAL SymPathies of DAnish royAlty becamE EvideNT, tHe SchLesWig-HolStEin MovemEnt calLEd fOr an iNdepenDeNt statE ruleD bY the housE of Augustenburg, a cadet brAnch of The DaNisH royal HouSe oF oldEnburg. The MoveMent largelY igNorEd the FacT That tHe noRThErn HAlf of schlESwig was prEDoMinANTlY Danish-mindED.
iN DeNmark, NatIOnalisTs wiShed a "Denmark to the eIder River", implyIng a REIncOrpORatiOn Of
 its threats, and Denmarkdecided, o n the  ad vic eof G reat  Britain, to i g nore  it and open negotiati ons d ir e ctly wi th Pr ussia a n dA u str ia  a s i nd e pe ndent  po wers. T hese deman ded  t he restorati o nof the uni onbetween theduc hies,aque s tionbey ond t he com p etence  of the C on f ederat i on. Den m a rk  rep lied with a refus a lt o recognise th e righ to fa n y f ore ign powerto  inte r fere in he r r ela t ions with Sch leswig; tow hic h Aust ri a,a nxious  to c on c ili ate the sma ller  German p rinces ,  respon d ed with  a vig oro usprot e st  a gai ns t  Da n is h i n fri ngements  o fthe c ompa c t o f 18 52. 

Lo rd Jo hn Russell no w i nter v ene d, on  beha lf o fGreat  Brita in, w it h a proposal fo r asettlemen t o fthe  w holeq uestio n o n t he basi s of th e  in de p e n de nce of the duchies  u n d er  the Dan ish cr o wn ,w ith a de ce nni al b u d get f or c o mm on expen ses to be  a greed o nby the  f our  as sembl i es,and asupremecounc i l of state con s isting in rel a ti v e  p r opor tio n of DanesandG erma ns.T hi s w a s acc epted  b y  R u ssia and by the Ger ma n grea t pow ers, and Denm ark foundh e r self iso late d  i n  Europe. The i ntern ational si t uation,howev er, favo ured a bo l d  attitud e,and  sh e m e t  t he representa t i onsof  the po wer s witha f lat  de fia nc e. The re tentionof  S ch le swi g asa n integr al  pa rt  of  them onarch y was  toDe nm a rka matte r  o f life  a nd  dea th;  t he Ge rman Con federat ion had m ade thete rm s of th e protocol of  1 852, defin in g t he int i m ate rela tions between the duchi e s, theexc use f or u nwarranta ble  inter fer e nce in  the i ntern al  af f a irs o f th e D en mark.

OnM a rch  30,18 63,as a re sult of this, a ro y alcompact's pro cla mati o n  w asp ub l ish ed atC o penhagen repudi ating theco m pa cts of 185 2 , a nd , by de finingthe s e paratepositionof Holste in  int h e D anish mona rchy, ne gativingo nce f o rall t heGerman  c lai ms up on Sch l esw ig.
Threema in mov ement shad evol ved, each with its goal :

A G erman  mo vement in  th e  tw o duchies  dre amt of anind epe ndent  Sc h leswi g-Ho l st ein under  a l i beral con s ti tut i o n.  First a pe r s o nal  unio n w i th Den mark  was outlined, as proposed by Uw e Je n s  Lo rns e n in  1 830. Later, as  it  t h e  success io n problem a ppearedan d  thenation al sym pathies o fD anishroya lty  became e vid en t , the S ch le s wig-Ho lste in  movem ent ca l ledf o r an independent  stat e ruled bythe h ou se of A u gust enburg, acadet branc h of t he D anish  royalHo use of  Ol de nburg. The movementlarge ly igno re d th e f act th at t h e  nort hern  h alf  of Schle s w ig wa sp red omin antly  D anis h-minded. In Denma rk, nationa li sts w isheda  " D e nmark to t heEider R iver", imp l ying ar einco rporat ion of 
 its_threats, and_Denmark decided, on the_advice of_Great_Britain, to_ignore_it and open_negotiations directly with_Prussia and Austria as_independent powers. These_demanded_the restoration of the union between the duchies, a question beyond the competence of_the_Confederation. Denmark_replied_with_a refusal to recognise the_right of any foreign power_to interfere_in her relations with Schleswig; to which Austria,_anxious_to conciliate the_smaller German princes, responded with a vigorous protest against_Danish infringements of the compact of_1852.

Lord John Russell_now_intervened,_on behalf of Great_Britain, with a proposal for a_settlement of the whole question on_the basis of the independence of the_duchies under the Danish crown, with_a decennial budget for common_expenses to_be agreed on by the_four assemblies, and_a supreme_council of state_consisting in relative proportion of Danes_and Germans. This_was accepted by Russia and by_the_German great powers,_and_Denmark_found herself_isolated in Europe._The_international situation,_however,_favoured a bold attitude, and she_met_the representations of the powers with a_flat defiance. The retention_of_Schleswig as an integral_part of the monarchy was_to Denmark a matter of life_and death;_the German_Confederation had made the terms of the protocol of 1852, defining_the intimate relations between the duchies,_the excuse for unwarrantable_interference in_the_internal affairs of_the_Denmark.

On March_30, 1863, as a result of this,_a royal_compact's proclamation was published at Copenhagen_repudiating the compacts of_1852,_and, by defining the separate position_of Holstein in the Danish monarchy,_negativing once for all the_German_claims_upon Schleswig.

Three main movements had_evolved, each with its goal:

A German_movement in the_two duchies dreamt of an independent Schleswig-Holstein_under_a liberal constitution. First a personal_union_with Denmark was outlined, as proposed_by_Uwe_Jens Lornsen in 1830. Later,_as it the succession problem appeared_and the national sympathies of Danish royalty became evident,_the Schleswig-Holstein movement_called for an independent state_ruled_by_the house of Augustenburg, a cadet branch of the Danish_royal House_of Oldenburg. The_movement largely ignored the fact that the northern half of_Schleswig was predominantly Danish-minded.
In Denmark, nationalists wished_a "Denmark to the Eider River", implying a reincorporation of