i Palace in Florence.  She commissioned the most famous painter of the period, Peter Paul Rubens, to decorate the interior with huge canvases of her life with Henry IV (now on display in the Louvre).  She ordered the construction of a large Italian Renaissance garden around her palace, and  commissioned a Florentine fountain-maker, Tommaso Francini, to create the Medici Fountain. Water was scarce in the Left Bank, one reason that part of the city had grown more slowly than the Right Bank. To provide water for her gardens and fountains, Marie de Medicis had the old Roman aqueduct from Rungis reconstructed.  Thanks largely to her presence on the left bank, and the availability of water,  noble families began to build houses on the left bank, in a neighborhood that became known as the Faubourg Saint-Germain.  In 1616, she created another reminder of Florence on the right bank;  the Cours la Reine, a long tree-shaded promenade along the Seine west of the Tuileries Gardens.
 	

Louis XIII entered his fourteenth year in 1614, and was officially an adult, but his mother and her favorite, Concini, refused to allow him to lead the Royal Council.  On April 24, 1617, Louis had his captain of the guards assassinate Concini at the Louvre.  Concini's wife was charged with sorcery, beheaded and then burned at that stake on the Place de Greve. Concini's followers were chased from Paris.  Louis exiled his mother to the Château de Blois in the Loire Valley.   Louis made his own favorite, Charles d'Albert, the Duke of Luynes, the new head of the council, and launched a new campaign to persecute the Protestants.  The Duke of Luynes died during an unsuccessful military campaign against the Protestants in Montauban.

Marie de' Medici managed to escape from her exile in the Château de Bois, and was reconciled with her son. Louis tried several different heads of government before finally selecting the Cardinal de Richelieu, a protege of his mother, in April 1624.  Richelieu quickly showed his military skills and gift for political intrigue by defeating the Protestants at La Rochelle in 1628 and by executing or sending into exile several  
i Palace in Florence.   She commissioned the most famous painter of the time period, Peter Paul Rubens, to deck the interior with huge canvases of her life with Henry IV (immediately on display in the Louvre).   She ordered the construction of a big Italian Renaissance garden around her palace, and   commission a Florentine fountain - maker, Tommaso Francini, to create the Medici Fountain. Water was scarce in the Left Bank, one cause that part of the city had grown more lento than the Right Bank. To provide water for her gardens and fountains, Marie de Medicis had the old Roman aqueduct from Rungis reconstructed.   Thanks largely to her presence on the leftover bank, and the availability of water,   baronial families began to build houses on the left depository financial institution, in a neighborhood that became known as the Faubourg Saint - Germain.   In 1616, she created another reminder of Florence on the right depository financial institution;   the Cours la Reine, a long tree - shaded promenade along the Seine west of the Tuileries Gardens. 
 	

 Louis XIII entered his fourteenth year in 1614, and was officially an adult, but his mother and her favorite, Concini, refused to allow him to lead the Royal Council.   On April 24, 1617, Louis had his captain of the guards assassinate Concini at the Louvre.   Concini's wife was charged with sorcery, beheaded and then burned at that stake on the Place de Greve. Concini's following were chased from Paris.   Louis exiled his mother to the Château de Blois in the Loire Valley.    Louis make his own darling, Charles d'Albert, the Duke of Luynes, the new head of the council, and launched a newfangled campaign to persecute the Protestants.   The Duke of Luynes died during an unsuccessful military campaign against the Protestants in Montauban. 

 Marie de' Medici wield to escape from her exile in the Château de Bois, and was reconciled with her son. Louis tried several different heads of politics before finally selecting the Cardinal de Richelieu, a protege of his mother, in April 1624.   Richelieu quickly showed his military skills and gift for political intrigue by defeating the Protestants at La Rochelle in 1628 and by run or sending into exile several
i Pwlace in Florence.  She cummissioned the most femous pzinter ow the period, Peter Paul Rubeis, ti decirate the interior witf huge cajvases od hec life with Henrb IV (now on diailay nn the Louvre).  Sme ordered dhe constructimn oy a large Italian Renaissance garden around hfr palace, and  comkyssikned a Florentine fountain-maker, Tojmaso Fgancini, to create the Medici Fountain. Water was scarce in the Lefh Bank, one tsasjb that part uf the citj had grown more slowly than the Right Bany. To 'rovide watgx fog her gardenw and fountains, Marie de Kedicis had the old Rpmai aqyeduct from Rungis reronstructed.  Thanks jargely tm ker presence on the lwfr bann, ang thd avxilzbmlify of aatxr,  noble fzmilies begqn to build houses pn nne left bank, in a geyghborhood that became known as the Fautoudg Saint-Germain.  In 1616, shw created another remlnder of Slorence on the right bank;  the Cours la Reine, a nong vrde-skqded oeolenade along the Seine west of the Tuileries Dzrceks.
 	

Louis XIII enbered his fourteenyh yrwr in 1614, and war offiejamly an adult, but hls mothgr and her favowite, Concini, refused to allow hum to lead tke Eoyal Council.  On Cpril 24, 1617, Louir hac his captain of the guards cssassjnate Conciji at the Uouvre.  Concini's wine fas charged with sorcery, bqheaded aid thzn burnea at that ftake on tje Place de Greve. Concinl's foplmwers were chased from Paris.  Louis exilev his mother jo dhe Château be Blols in the Loire Valley.   Louix made kis owv favorite, Charlev d'Albert, tre Duke of Lufjes, the new iead of tre ciuncul, and uxunched a new vampaign no perwecute the Protestents.  The Duke of Luvuew died during am uvsuscvsshul mynitary campahgn xgakmst tfe Prottftcngs im Montauban.

Marie de' Kedidi managed to escale from het exile ig the Château ce Bois, and was refoncined with het son. Louis tried several diffedent headd on government fefove fynally selzcting the Cardinal de Richelieu, a proteje of his mother, in Aptil 1624.  Richelieu quickkn showed his milieary skilns and gift for polirical intrigue by defeating the Protesfants dt La Rochelle in 1628 and by executing or sending into exile several  
i Palace in Florence. She commissioned the painter the period, Paul Rubens, to canvases her life with IV (now on in the Louvre). She ordered the of a large Italian Renaissance garden around her palace, and commissioned a Florentine Tommaso Francini, to create the Medici Fountain. Water was scarce in the Left one that of city had grown more slowly than the Right Bank. To provide water for her gardens and Marie de Medicis had the old Roman aqueduct Rungis reconstructed. Thanks largely her presence on the left and availability of noble began build houses on left bank, in a neighborhood that became known as the Faubourg Saint-Germain. In 1616, she created another of Florence right bank; Cours Reine, long tree-shaded promenade Seine west of the Tuileries Gardens. his fourteenth year in 1614, and was officially adult, but mother and her favorite, Concini, refused allow him to lead the Royal Council. On 24, 1617, Louis had his captain of the guards assassinate Concini at the Louvre. Concini's charged with sorcery, beheaded then burned at stake the de Concini's followers chased from Paris. Louis exiled his mother to the Château de in the Loire Valley. Louis made his own favorite, Charles Duke Luynes, the new of the council, and a campaign to persecute the Duke Luynes unsuccessful campaign the Protestants in Montauban. de' Medici managed to escape her exile in the reconciled with her son. Louis tried several different of government before finally selecting the Cardinal Richelieu, a protege of his mother, in April 1624. Richelieu quickly showed military skills for political intrigue by defeating the Protestants at Rochelle in 1628 and executing or sending into exile several
i Palace in Florence.  She commiSsioned the Most fAmoUs pAiNter Of thE period, Peter PaUL RubEns, to decorate the interiOr witH hUGe caNVaSes of Her life WItH hEnrY Iv (nOw oN dISpLay in The louvre).  SHe ordered tHe cOnStruction of a LArGe Italian REnaIssance gardeN arOund heR pAlaCE, and  cOmmIssioNed a FlORentinE fountain-MaKEr, TommASo FrancINI, tO creAte the Medici FountAIn. wAter was scarce iN the LeFt bAnK, ONe rEasOn that part Of The ciTY had groWN mORE SloWLy than the RighT Bank. To provIDe wAter foR hEr gARdens aNd fouNtAIns, marie de MediCis hAd the old ROman aqUEduct frOM Rungis ReconsTruCteD.  ThaNKs LaRgeLy TO heR PrEseNCe oN the left BaNk, And thE avaILABIlitY of WateR,  noblE families begaN to BuilD HouSes on The leFt baNk, In a neIghborHood tHaT became known as tHe FaUbourg SaiNt-GErMaiN.  IN 1616, she cREated aNotHer RemindeR of FlorENce On THE RiGht bank;  the Cours la REiNE, A lOng tree-sHaded pROmEnADe along tHe seiNe weST Of the tuilERiEs GardenS.
 	

Louis xiIi eNtered hIs FourteEnTh yEar In 1614, and WAs ofFicialLy an adulT, but hIS mother and her fAVorite, Concini, REfUSEd TO allOw hIm to lead the royaL counCil.  ON apRil 24, 1617, lOuis hAd his CaPTaIN of the guards assassiNaTe ConcIni at The Louvre.  ConcIni's wife waS CHArged witH sorCErY, Beheaded and theN burnEd at that stAKe on the PLace dE Greve. CoNcini's folLOWers were ChaSed FroM PaRIS.  LOuis exiled his MOTher To The ChâtEau De Blois In tHe LOirE VaLlEy.   Louis maDe his own FaVoRiTe, chaRles d'aLbert, the duKe oF LUynEs, the NEw head Of the CounCiL, aND laUnched a NEw CAMpaiGn To PersEcuTe The PrOtesTAntS.  The DukE of Luynes DieD DuriNg An UnsucceSsful military CaMpaign agaiNsT thE ProteSTAnts in MoNtauban.

Marie de' Medici manAGed to esCapE from Her eXile in the châTeau de boiS, And was ReconcIled wItH heR SOn. LouIS TrIed SeVeral diffeRENt hEads oF gOverNment beFore finally selectiNG thE Cardinal de RiCheLieu, A PRoTegE Of HIs mOtHEr, iN aPril 1624.  Richelieu quIckly showeD hIS mIlitary skiLLs aNd Gift for PoliticAl intRIgue by dEfeating tHe ProtestAnTs at lA rocHelle in 1628 and By executIng or sendINg intO ExIle seVerAl  
i Palace in Florence.  She  commissio ned t hemos tfamo us p ainter of thep erio d, Peter Paul Rubens,to de co r atet he  inte rior wi t hh u geca nv ase so fher l ife  with H enry IV (n owon  display int he  Louvre). Sh e ordered th e c onstru ct ion of alar ge It alianR enaiss ance gard en around her pal a c e,  and   commissioned aF lo r entine fountai n-make r, To m m aso  Fr ancini, to  c reate the Med i ci F o unt a in. Water was  scarce int heLeft B an k,o ne rea son t ha t  pa rt of the c ityhad grown  mores lowly t h an theRightBan k.To p r ov id e w at e r f o rher gar dens and  f ou ntain s, M a r i e  deMed icis  hadthe old Roman  aq uedu c t f rom R ungis  rec on struc ted. Thank slargely to herpres ence on t hele ftba nk, a n d theava ila bilityof wate r , no b l e  f amilies began to b ui l d  h ouses on  the l e ft  b a nk, in a  n eig hbor h o od th at b e ca me known  as th e  F au bourg S ai nt-Ger ma in.   I n 161 6 , sh e crea ted anot her r e minder of Flor e nce on the ri g ht b an k ;  t heCours la Re ine, a lo ng t r ee -sh a ded p romen ad e  a l ong the Seine westof  the T uiler ies Gardens. 	

LouisX I I I entere d hi s  f o urteenth yearin 16 14, and wa s  officia lly a n adult,  but hism o ther and  he r f avo rit e ,  C oncini, refus e d  toal low him  to  lead t heRoy alCou nc il.  On A pril 24,  1 61 7,  L oui s had his capt ai n o fthe  guar d s assa ssina te C on ci n i a t the L o uv r e .  C on ci ni's  wi fe  waschar g edwith so rcery, be hea d ed a nd  t hen bur ned at that s ta ke on thePl ace  de Gr e v e. Conci ni's followers were cha s ed from  Pa ris. Lou is exiled  hi s moth ert o theChâtea u deBl ois i n the L oi reVa lley.   Lo u i s m ade h is  own  favori te, Charles d'Albe r t,the Duke of L uyn es,t h enew he a d o ft hec o uncil, and laun ched a new  c a mp aign to pe r sec ut e the P rotesta nts.The Duk e of Luyn es died d ur inga n  un successful  militar y campaig n  agai n st  thePro testan ts  in  Mont auban. 
Ma rie d e' Med ic i mana ged t oescape f rom her exile in the Ch âteaude Bo is,  and wasrec o nci led withherson. Louis  tr ied  seve ral diffe rent he ads of go vern m ent befor e  f ina l l yselecting t h e Car dinal  de Richel ieu,  a protege of his mother, in Apr il 1 6 2 4. Ri c heli eu  quickly showe d h is m ilitarysk ills and gi ft for p ol i tical  intri gue by  defeat i n gt he Pro test ant s at La R och el l e in 16 28  a n d by e xecu ti ng orsendin g  int o exile several  
i Palace_in Florence._ She commissioned the_most famous_painter_of the_period,_Peter Paul Rubens,_to decorate the_interior with huge canvases_of her life_with_Henry IV (now on display in the Louvre).  She ordered the construction of_a_large Italian_Renaissance_garden_around her palace, and _commissioned a Florentine fountain-maker, Tommaso_Francini, to_create the Medici Fountain. Water was scarce in_the_Left Bank, one_reason that part of the city had grown more_slowly than the Right Bank. To_provide water for_her_gardens_and fountains, Marie de_Medicis had the old Roman aqueduct_from Rungis reconstructed.  Thanks largely_to her presence on the left bank,_and the availability of water, _noble families began to build_houses on_the left bank, in a_neighborhood that became_known as_the Faubourg Saint-Germain._ In 1616, she created another_reminder of Florence_on the right bank;  the_Cours_la Reine, a_long_tree-shaded_promenade along_the Seine west_of_the Tuileries_Gardens.
_	

Louis XIII entered his fourteenth year_in_1614, and was officially an adult, but_his mother and her_favorite,_Concini, refused to allow_him to lead the Royal_Council.  On April 24, 1617,_Louis had_his captain_of the guards assassinate Concini at the Louvre.  Concini's wife_was charged with sorcery, beheaded and_then burned at that_stake on_the_Place de Greve._Concini's_followers were_chased from Paris.  Louis exiled his_mother to_the Château de Blois in the_Loire Valley.  _Louis_made his own favorite, Charles d'Albert,_the Duke of Luynes, the new_head of the council, and_launched_a_new campaign to persecute the_Protestants.  The Duke of Luynes_died during an_unsuccessful military campaign against the Protestants in_Montauban.

Marie_de' Medici managed to escape from_her_exile in the Château de Bois,_and_was_reconciled with her son. Louis_tried several different heads of government_before finally selecting the Cardinal de Richelieu, a protege_of his mother,_in April 1624.  Richelieu_quickly_showed_his military skills and gift for political intrigue by defeating_the Protestants_at La Rochelle_in 1628 and by executing or sending into exile several_ 