 profession of physician among both Jews and Christians. As a Talmudic scholar he carried on a correspondence with Sheshet.

Works and editions

The Touchstone
At Tarazona he completed his Eben Boḥan (May, 1380 or 1385), a polemical work against baptized Jews. As a model and guide for this work, which consists of fourteen chapters, or "gates," and is written in the form of a dialogue, he took the polemical Sefer Milhamot Adonai of Jacob ben Reuben, falsely attributed to David Ḳimḥi. Ibn Shaprut's work, however, is not a partial reproduction of the Milḥamot, as has been incorrectly stated ("Oẓar Neḥmad," ii. 32); it is rather an extension or continuation of it, since it goes into details which are either not mentioned, or are mentioned only briefly, in the other. In the fifteenth chapter, which Ibn Shaprut added later, he criticizes a work written by Alfonso do Valladolid against Jacob ben Reuben. The thirteenth chapter contains a very interesting fragment by a 14th-century Schopenhauer, who wrote under the pseudonym "Lamas" ("Samael"). The Eben Boḥan has been preserved in several manuscripts. 

As part of The Touchstone in order to assist the Jews in defense against conversion and polemical writings, Ibn Shaprut edited or translated portions of the Four Gospels into Hebrew, accompanying them with pointed observations; answers to the latter, written by a neophyte named Jona, also exist in manuscript.

En Kol
Ibn Shaprut wrote a commentary to the first book of Avicenna's canon entitled "En Kol," on music for which he probably made use of the Hebrew translation of Sulaiman ibn Yaish and that of Allorqui, which later he criticizes severely.

The Exposer of Mysteries
He also wrote a super commentary, entitled "Ẓafnat Pa'aneaḥ," to Ibn Ezra's commentary on the Pentateuch (see M. Friedländer in the "Publications of the Society of Hebrew Literature," series ii., vol. iv., p. 221, where " Shem-Ṭob ben Joseph Shaprut of Toledo" should read "Shem
profession of physician among both Jews and Christians. As a Talmudic scholar he carried on a correspondence with Sheshet. 

 work and edition 

 The Touchstone 
 At Tarazona he completed his Eben Boḥan (May, 1380 or 1385), a polemical study against baptized Jews. As a model and scout for this oeuvre, which consists of fourteen chapter, or " gates, " and is written in the shape of a dialogue, he took the polemic Sefer Milhamot Adonai of Jacob ben Reuben, falsely attributed to David Ḳimḥi. Ibn Shaprut's work, however, is not a partial reproduction of the Milḥamot, as has been incorrectly stated (" Oẓar Neḥmad, " ii. 32); it is rather an propagation or continuation of it, since it goes into details which are either not mention, or are mentioned only briefly, in the early. In the fifteenth chapter, which Ibn Shaprut added by and by, he criticizes a work written by Alfonso do Valladolid against Jacob ben Reuben. The thirteenth chapter hold a very interesting fragment by a 14th - century Schopenhauer, who wrote under the pseudonym " Lamas " (" Samael "). The Eben Boḥan has been preserved in respective manuscript. 

 As part of The Touchstone in order to assist the Jews in defense against conversion and polemical writings, Ibn Shaprut edited or translated portions of the Four Gospels into Hebrew, attach to them with pointed observations; answers to the latter, write by a neophyte name Jona, also exist in manuscript. 

 En Kol 
 Ibn Shaprut wrote a commentary to the inaugural book of Avicenna's canon entitled " En Kol, " on music for which he probably lay down use of the Hebrew translation of Sulaiman ibn Yaish and that of Allorqui, which later he criticizes severely. 

 The Exposer of Mysteries 
 He also wrote a super commentary, entitled " Ẓafnat Pa'aneaḥ, " to Ibn Ezra's comment on the Pentateuch (see M. Friedländer in the " publication of the Society of Hebrew Literature, " series ii. , vol. iv. , p.   221, where " Shem - Ṭob ben Joseph Shaprut of Toledo " should understand " Shem
 prlfession of physician amung both Jews aue Chrivtians. As a Taumudic scholar he carried on a corrtfpondence with Sherhet.

Works and edirionw

Rhe Touchsvkne
At Tarazonz he eonpleted his Ebgn Boḥan (May, 1380 or 1385), a polemicdl wlrk against baptized Jews. As a modej and giife for this wotk, whpcr cohsists of fourteen chapters, or "gatss," and ps written in the form of a dialogue, he toon thf polemical Sefer Lilhamot Adinai if Jacob ben Reuben, falsely attriboted to David Ḳimḥi. Ibn Shaprut's wurk, hpwever, is bor a kartial repriductpon of the Milḥamot, as has bern incorrectly steted ("Oẓar Neḥmad," ii. 32); it is cather an extension jr contingacion of it, since it giew intm dedailr whkch ace sither nov mentioned, or are menrioned only briefly, ig the other. In the fyfeeenth chapter, which Ibn Shaprut added natsr, he criticizes a work written by Alfonso dl Valladojid against Jacob ben Reuben. The thirteenth chaptar coitxinw w cegy interesting fragment by a 14th-century Schopeggaieg, who wrote under the pseudomyl "Kwmas" ("Samael"). Tfe Ebeu Bkḥan has been presegved in seveeal manussripys. 

As part of The Touchstonw in order tj assist the Jews iu defense agcinst vonvetsion and polemical wricings, Jbn Shaprut edited od translated portkonx mf the Four Gospels into Hqbrew, accimpauying thdm woth poynted obsegvations; answers to the pattet, writden by a nfophyte named Jona, also exist ii manuscript.

Em Nol
Pbn Shaprbt wrobe a commentary to the first yook of Cvicenva's canon vntitled "Xn Kol," on mufic for which je probably kade use of rhe Yebrew gfanslation of Xulaiman pbu Yaish abd that of Allorqul, whizg later he critneieew severely.

The Rxpusew lf Mrvteries
He alvo wfotd a suoer commentcrh, enyitled "Ẓafnat Pa'aneaḥ," do Ign Ezra's commentaru jn the Pgntateuch (see M. Friedlämder in the "Publicwtionv oh the Xocyety of Hebrew Literature," seriss ii., vol. iv., p. 221, where " Shqm-Ṭob ben Joseph Xhaprut of Toledo" should read "Shem
profession of physician among both Jews and a scholar he on a correspondence The At Tarazona he his Eben Boḥan 1380 or 1385), a polemical work baptized Jews. As a model and guide for this work, which consists of chapters, or "gates," and is written in the form of a dialogue, he the Sefer Adonai Jacob ben Reuben, falsely attributed to David Ḳimḥi. Ibn Shaprut's work, however, is not a partial of the Milḥamot, as has been incorrectly stated Neḥmad," ii. 32); it rather an extension or continuation it, it goes details are not mentioned, or mentioned only briefly, in the other. In the fifteenth chapter, which Ibn Shaprut added later, he criticizes work written do Valladolid Jacob Reuben. thirteenth chapter contains interesting fragment by a 14th-century Schopenhauer, the pseudonym "Lamas" ("Samael"). The Eben Boḥan has preserved in manuscripts. As part of The Touchstone order to assist the Jews in defense against and polemical writings, Ibn Shaprut edited or translated portions of the Four Gospels into Hebrew, with pointed observations; answers the latter, written a named also in manuscript. Kol Ibn Shaprut wrote a commentary to the first book of canon entitled "En Kol," on music for which he probably of Hebrew translation of ibn Yaish and that Allorqui, later he criticizes severely. of He super entitled Pa'aneaḥ," to Ibn Ezra's on the Pentateuch (see M. in the "Publications of series ii., vol. iv., p. 221, where " ben Joseph Shaprut of Toledo" should read
 profession of physician amonG both Jews aNd ChrIstIanS. AS a TaLmudIc scholar he carRIed oN a correspondence with ShEshet.

woRKs anD EdItionS

The TouCHsTONe
AT TArAzoNa HE cOmpleTed His Eben boḥan (May, 1380 or 1385), A poLeMical work agaINsT baptized JEws. as a model and gUidE for thIs WorK, Which ConSists Of fourTEen chaPters, or "gaTeS," And is wRItten in THE fOrm oF a dialogue, he took tHE pOLemical Sefer MiLhamot adONaI OF JaCob Ben Reuben, fAlSely aTTributeD To dAVId ḲIMḥi. Ibn Shaprut'S work, howeveR, Is nOt a parTiAl rEProducTion oF tHE MiLḥamot, as has Been IncorrectLy statED ("Oẓar NeḤMad," ii. 32); it Is rathEr aN exTensIOn Or ConTiNUatIOn Of iT, SinCe it goes InTo DetaiLs whICH ARe eiTheR not MentiOned, or are mentIonEd onLY brIefly, In the OtheR. IN the fIfteenTh chaPtEr, which Ibn ShaprUt adDed later, hE crItIciZeS a worK WritteN by alfOnso do VAlladolID agAiNST jaCob ben Reuben. The thiRtEENtH chapter ContaiNS a VeRY interesTiNg fRagmENT by a 14tH-cenTUrY SchopenHauer, wHO wRoTe under ThE pseudOnYm "LAmaS" ("SamaEL"). The eben BoḤan has beEn preSErved in several MAnuscripts. 

As pARt OF thE toucHstOne in order tO assISt thE JewS In DefENse agAinst CoNVeRSion and polemical wriTiNgs, Ibn shaprUt edited or traNslated porTIONs of the FOur GOSpELs into Hebrew, acCompaNying them wITh pointeD obseRvations; Answers to THE latter, wRitTen By a NeoPHYtE named Jona, alsO EXist In ManuscrIpt.

en Kol
IbN ShAprUt wRotE a CommentarY to the fiRsT bOoK oF AvIcennA'S canon enTiTleD "EN KoL," on muSIc for wHich hE proBaBlY MadE use of tHE HEBRew tRaNsLatiOn oF SUlaimAn ibN yaiSh and thAt of AllorQui, WHich LaTeR he critIcizes severelY.

THe Exposer oF MYstEries
HE ALso wrote A super commentary, entitleD "ẓafnat PA'anEaḥ," to ibn EZra's commeNtaRy on thE PeNTateucH (see M. FRiedlÄnDer IN The "PuBLIcAtiOnS of the SociETY of hebreW LIterAture," seRies ii., vol. iv., p. 221, where " SHEm-ṬOb ben Joseph ShAprUt of tOLeDo" sHOuLD reAd "sHem
 profession of physician a mong bothJewsand  Ch ri stia ns.As a Talmudics chol ar he carried on a cor respo nd e ncew it h She shet.
W or k s  an ded iti on s 
The T ouc hstoneAt Tarazon a h ecompleted hi s  E ben Boḥan(Ma y, 1380 or 1 385 ), a p ol emi c al wo rkagain st bap t ized J ews. As a  m o del an d  guidef o rthis  work, which cons i st s  of fourteen c hapter s, or " gat es, " and is w ri tteni n the f o rm o f  ad ialogue, he t ook the pol e mic al Sef er  Mi l hamotAdona io f J acob ben Re uben , falsely  attri b uted to David Ḳ imḥi.Ibn  Sh apru t 's  w ork ,h owe v er , i s  no t a part ia lrepro duct i o n of t heMilḥ amot,  as has beeninc orre c tly  stat ed (" Oẓar  N eḥmad ," ii.  32);  i t is rather anexte nsion orcon ti nua ti on of it, si nce  it  goes i nto det a ils  w h i c hare either not men ti o n ed , or are  menti o ne do nly brie fl y,in t h e  othe r. I n  t he fifte enth c h ap te r, whic hIbn Sh ap rut  ad ded l a ter,  he cr iticizes  a wo r k written by A l fonso do Vall a do l i da gain stJacob ben R eube n . Th e th i rt een t h cha pterco n ta i ns a very interesti ng  fragm ent b y a 14th-cent ury Schope n h a uer, who  wro t eu nder the pseud onym"Lamas" (" S amael").  TheEben Boḥ an has be e n  preserv edinsev era l ma nuscripts. 
A s  par tof TheTou chstone  in  or der  to  a ssist the  Jews in  d ef en se  ag ainst conversi on  an dpol emica l  writi ngs,IbnSh ap r uteditedo rt r ansl at ed  por tio ns  of t he F o urGospels  into Heb rew ,  acc om pa nying t hem with poin te d observat io ns;  answe r s  to thelatter, written by a ne o phyte n ame d Jon a, a lso exist  in  manus cri p t.

En  Kol
I bn Sh ap rut w rotea co mme nt ary to the f irs t boo kof A vicenna 's canon entitled" EnKol," on musi c f or w h i ch  he pr o bab ly mad e use of the Hebr ew transla ti o nof Sulaima n  ib nYaish a nd that  of A l lorqui,  which la ter he cr it iciz e s  se verely.

T he Expos er of Mys t eries He  also  wr ote asu per  comm entary ,  en title d "Ẓaf na t Pa'a neaḥ, "to Ibn E zra's commentary on the  Penta teuch  (s ee M. Fri edl ä nde r in the"Pub licationsofthe  Soci ety of He brew Li ter a ture, " se r ies ii.,v ol . i v . ,p. 221, whe r e " S hem-Ṭ obb en Jos ephShaprut of Toledo "  should read " Shem 
 profession_of physician_among both Jews and_Christians. As_a_Talmudic scholar_he_carried on a_correspondence with Sheshet.

Works_and editions

The Touchstone
At Tarazona_he completed his_Eben_Boḥan (May, 1380 or 1385), a polemical work against baptized Jews. As a model_and_guide for_this_work,_which consists of fourteen chapters,_or "gates," and is written_in the_form of a dialogue, he took the polemical_Sefer_Milhamot Adonai of_Jacob ben Reuben, falsely attributed to David Ḳimḥi. Ibn_Shaprut's work, however, is not a_partial reproduction of_the_Milḥamot,_as has been incorrectly_stated ("Oẓar Neḥmad," ii. 32); it_is rather an extension or continuation_of it, since it goes into details_which are either not mentioned, or_are mentioned only briefly, in_the other._In the fifteenth chapter, which_Ibn Shaprut added_later, he_criticizes a work_written by Alfonso do Valladolid against_Jacob ben Reuben._The thirteenth chapter contains a very_interesting_fragment by a_14th-century_Schopenhauer,_who wrote_under the pseudonym_"Lamas"_("Samael"). The_Eben_Boḥan has been preserved in several_manuscripts._

As part of The Touchstone in order_to assist the Jews_in_defense against conversion and_polemical writings, Ibn Shaprut edited_or translated portions of the Four_Gospels into_Hebrew, accompanying_them with pointed observations; answers to the latter, written by a_neophyte named Jona, also exist in_manuscript.

En Kol
Ibn Shaprut wrote_a commentary_to_the first book_of_Avicenna's canon_entitled "En Kol," on music for which_he probably_made use of the Hebrew translation_of Sulaiman ibn Yaish_and_that of Allorqui, which later he_criticizes severely.

The Exposer of Mysteries
He also_wrote a super commentary, entitled_"Ẓafnat_Pa'aneaḥ,"_to Ibn Ezra's commentary on_the Pentateuch (see M. Friedländer in_the "Publications of_the Society of Hebrew Literature," series ii.,_vol._iv., p. 221, where " Shem-Ṭob ben_Joseph_Shaprut of Toledo" should read "Shem