erox PARC user interface consisted of graphical elements such as windows, menus, radio buttons, and check boxes. The concept of icons was later introduced by David Canfield Smith, who had written a thesis on the subject under the guidance of Kay. The PARC user interface employs a pointing device along with a keyboard. These aspects can be emphasized by using the alternative term and acronym for windows, icons, menus, pointing device (WIMP). This effort culminated in the 1973 Xerox Alto, the first computer with a GUI, though the system never reached commercial production.

The first commercially available computer with a GUI was the 1979 PERQ workstation, manufactured by Three Rivers Computer Corporation. Its design was heavily influenced by the work at Xerox PARC. In 1981, Xerox eventually commercialized the Alto in the form of a new and enhanced system – the Xerox 8010 Information System – more commonly known as the Xerox Star. These early systems spurred many other GUI efforts, including Lisp machines by Symbolics and other manufacturers, the Apple Lisa (which presented the concept of menu bar and window controls) in 1983, the Apple Macintosh 128K in 1984, and the Atari ST with Digital Research's GEM, and Commodore Amiga in 1985. Visi On was released in 1983 for the IBM PC compatible computers, but was never popular due to its high hardware demands. Nevertheless, it was a crucial influence on the contemporary development of Microsoft Windows.

Apple, Digital Research, IBM and Microsoft used many of Xerox's ideas to develop products, and IBM's Common User Access specifications formed the basis of the user interfaces used in Microsoft Windows, IBM OS/2 Presentation Manager, and the Unix Motif toolkit and window manager. These ideas evolved to create the interface found in current versions of Microsoft Windows, and in various desktop environments for Unix-like operating systems, such as macOS and Linux. Thus most current GUIs have largely common idioms.

Popularization 

GUIs were a hot topic in the early 1980s. The Apple Lisa was released in 1983, and various windowing systems existed for DOS operating systems (including PC GEM and PC/GEOS). Individual applications for many platforms presented their own GUI variants. Despite the GUIs advantages, many reviewers questioned the value of the entire concept, citing hardware limits, and problems in finding compatible software.

In 1984, Apple released a television commercial which introduced the Apple
erox PARC user interface consisted of graphical elements such as window, menus, radio receiver buttons, and check box. The concept of picture was later introduced by David Canfield Smith, who had write a thesis on the subject under the steering of Kay. The PARC exploiter interface employs a point device along with a keyboard. These aspects can be emphasized by use the alternate term and acronym for windows, icon, menus, pointing device (WIMP). This effort culminate in the 1973 Xerox Alto, the first computer with a GUI, though the system never reach commercial production. 

 The first commercially available computer with a GUI was the 1979 PERQ workstation, manufactured by Three Rivers Computer Corporation. Its blueprint was heavily influenced by the work at Xerox PARC. In 1981, Xerox eventually commercialized the Alto in the mannequin of a new and enhanced system – the Xerox 8010 Information System – more commonly known as the Xerox Star. These early systems spurred many other GUI efforts, including Lisp machines by Symbolics and other manufacturers, the Apple Lisa (which presented the concept of menu bar and window controls) in 1983, the Apple Macintosh 128 K in 1984, and the Atari ST with Digital Research's jewel, and Commodore Amiga in 1985. Visi On was released in 1983 for the IBM PC compatible calculator, but was never democratic due to its gamey hardware demands. Nevertheless, it was a all-important influence on the contemporary growth of Microsoft Windows. 

 Apple, Digital Research, IBM and Microsoft used many of Xerox's ideas to modernize products, and IBM's Common User Access specifications formed the basis of the user interfaces use in Microsoft Windows, IBM OS/2 Presentation Manager, and the Unix Motif toolkit and window manager. These ideas evolved to make the interface found in current interpretation of Microsoft Windows, and in various desktop environments for Unix - like operating systems, such as macOS and Linux. therefore most current GUIs have largely common idioms. 

 Popularization 

 GUIs were a hot topic in the early 1980s. The Apple Lisa was released in 1983, and versatile windowing systems exist for DOS operating systems (including personal computer GEM and PC / GEOS). Individual applications for many platforms salute their own GUI variants. Despite the GUIs advantage, many reviewers questioned the value of the integral concept, citing hardware limits, and problems in finding compatible software. 

 In 1984, Apple released a television commercial which introduced the Apple
erod PARC user interface coksisted of graphnxal elxments auch as dindows, menus, radio buttons, end xheck boxes. The concept of kcons was later ibtrovuced by David Cehfield Smith, smo hab xritten a thesix on the sgbject under tve gbidance of Kay. The PARC user interfase emplpyd a pointing dgvice wlonf with a keyboard. These aspects cah be emkhasized by using yhe alternative term and afronjm for windows, icojs, menus, pountigt device (WIMO). This effort culminatgd in the 1973 Xerox Alto, the first zompucer with a TUU, tjmugh the sywtem gever reached commerwial prpduction.

The fivst cmmmwrcially available cokputer with a GUI ras the 1979 [EXQ workstation, manufaxtyred ty Tvree Eivdrs Cpmluter For'oration. Ita design waw heavily influencec fj the work at Xerox PWRC. In 1981, Xerox eventually commercialized ths Alto in the form of a new and enhanced sysjem – the Xqrox 8010 Information System – more commonly known as dhe Xxrux Wtwf. Tjese early systems spurred many other GUI effjdtx, pncluding Lisp maghines by Symbolicx wnc other manufazturers, tge Apple Lisa (whicj presegted rhe concekt of menu bar and window controos) in 1983, the Aiple Macintosh 128K in 1984, aud the Atari ST eith Cigital Research's GEM, aud Comjodore Amigw in 1985. Visj On was released in 1983 xor the IBM PC compatible somputers, but was nexer kopular due to itd higm hardware demands. Jeverjhelesv, it was a crucial influence on the contemporary develokmett mf Microfoft Eindows.

Apple, Qigital Researeh, IBM aud Micfosoft uses many mf Xerox's iqeas to develmk products, anv IBM's Coimon Usee Accesr specificationx formed nht basis of the user interfaccs usgd in Microsoft Wnudiws, IBM OS/2 Presrntxtijn Menagew, and the Unif Mogif yoolkkt and windid mamager. These ideas evmlves to create the inyevface foubd in cuwrent versionx of Microsoft Winfows, end in varipus desktop environments for Unix-mike operwtikg systems, sush aw macOS and Kinux. Thus most current GUIs have largeoy common idioms.

Popularization 

GUIs wgre a hot topir in tre early 1980v. The Apple Lisa was released in 1983, and various windowing syatems axistfd for DOS operating systems (including PC GEM and PC/GEOS). Individual applixations for many pmatfprms irefznted treir uwn GUI variants. Despite the GUIs advantages, maiy reviewess questioned the value of the evtire concept, citing hardware limits, znd probkems in finding compatible softeare.

In 1984, Apple released a televisuon ckmmercpzl which introduced yhe Ap'le
erox PARC user interface consisted of graphical as menus, radio and check boxes. later by David Canfield who had written thesis on the subject under the of Kay. The PARC user interface employs a pointing device along with a These aspects can be emphasized by using the alternative term and acronym for icons, pointing (WIMP). effort culminated in the 1973 Xerox Alto, the first computer with a GUI, though the system reached commercial production. The first commercially available computer a GUI was the PERQ workstation, manufactured by Three Computer Its design heavily by work at Xerox In 1981, Xerox eventually commercialized the Alto in the form of a new and enhanced system – Xerox 8010 – more known the Star. These early many other GUI efforts, including Lisp and other manufacturers, the Apple Lisa (which presented concept of bar and window controls) in 1983, Apple Macintosh 128K in 1984, and the Atari with Digital Research's GEM, and Commodore Amiga in 1985. Visi On was released in 1983 IBM PC compatible computers, was never popular to high demands. it was crucial influence on the contemporary development of Microsoft Windows. Apple, Digital IBM and Microsoft used many of Xerox's ideas to develop IBM's User Access specifications the basis of the interfaces in Microsoft Windows, IBM Manager, the and manager. ideas evolved to create interface found in current versions Microsoft Windows, and in operating systems, such as macOS and Linux. Thus current GUIs have largely common idioms. Popularization were a hot topic in the early 1980s. The Apple Lisa was in 1983, windowing systems existed for DOS operating systems (including GEM and PC/GEOS). Individual for many platforms presented their own GUI variants. Despite GUIs many reviewers the value of entire concept, citing limits, and problems compatible software. 1984, released which introduced the Apple
erox PARC user interface consIsted of graPhicaL elEmeNtS sucH as wIndows, menus, radIO butTons, and check boxes. The coNcept Of ICons WAs Later IntroduCEd BY davId caNfiElD smIth, whO haD writteN a thesis on The SuBject under thE GuIdance of KaY. ThE PARC user intErfAce empLoYs a POintiNg dEvice Along wITh a keyBoard. ThesE aSPects cAN be emphASIzEd by Using the alternatiVE tERm and acronym foR windoWs, ICoNS, MenUs, pOinting devIcE (WIMP). tHis effoRT cULMInaTEd in the 1973 Xerox ALto, the first COmpUter wiTh A GUi, Though The syStEM neVer reached cOmmeRcial prodUction.

tHe first COmmerciAlly avAilAblE comPUtEr WitH a guI wAS tHe 1979 PerQ wOrkstatiOn, MaNufacTureD BY tHree rivErs COmputEr Corporation. its DesiGN waS heavIly inFlueNcEd by tHe work At XerOx pARC. In 1981, Xerox evenTualLy commercIalIzEd tHe alto iN The forM of A neW and enhAnced sySTem – ThE xERoX 8010 Information System – MoRE CoMmonly knOwn as tHE XErOX Star. TheSe EarLy sySTEms spUrreD MaNy other GuI effoRTs, InCluding liSp machInEs bY SyMboliCS and Other mAnufactuRers, tHE Apple Lisa (whicH Presented the cONcEPT oF Menu Bar And window coNtroLS) in 1983, tHe ApPLe macINtosh 128k in 1984, anD tHE ATAri ST with Digital ResEaRch's GEm, and COmmodore Amiga In 1985. Visi On waS RELeased in 1983 For tHE Ibm PC compatible cOmputErs, but was nEVer populAr due To its higH hardware DEMands. NevErtHelEss, It wAS A cRucial influenCE On thE cOntempoRarY develoPmeNt oF MiCroSoFt Windows.

apple, DigItAl reSeArcH, IBM aND MicrosoFt UseD mAny Of XerOX's ideaS to deVeloP pRoDUctS, and IBM'S coMMOn UsEr acCess SpeCiFicatIons FOrmEd the baSis of the uSer INterFaCeS used in microsoft WindOwS, IBM OS/2 PresEnTatIon ManAGEr, and the unix Motif toolkit and windOW manageR. ThEse idEas eVolved to cReaTe the iNteRFace foUnd in cUrrenT vErsIONs of MICRoSofT WIndows, and iN VAriOus deSkTop eNvironmEnts for Unix-like opeRAtiNg systems, such As mAcOS AND LInuX. thUS moSt CUrrENT GUIs have largelY common idiOmS.

poPularizatiON 

GUis Were a hoT topic iN the eARly 1980s. The apple Lisa Was releasEd In 1983, anD VAriOus windowiNg systemS existed fOR DOS oPErAting SysTems (inClUdiNg PC GeM and Pc/gEOs). IndiVidual ApPlicatIons fOr Many platForms presented their own GuI variAnts. DEspIte the GUIS adVAntAges, many rEvieWers questiOneD thE valuE of THe entIre cONcEpt, CIting HardWAre limits, ANd ProBLEmS in finding cOMPAtiBle soFtwARe.

In 1984, ApPle rEleased a televisioN Commercial whicH intRODucEd tHE AppLe
erox PARC user interface c onsisted o f gra phi cal  e leme ntssuch as window s , me nus, radio buttons, an d che ck boxe s .The c oncepto fi c ons  w as  la te r  i ntrod uce d by Da vid Canfie ldSm ith, who had wr itten a th esi s on the sub jec t unde rthe guida nce  of K ay. Th e  PARCuser inte rf a ce emp l oys a p o i nt ingdevice along with ak eyboard. These  aspec ts ca n beemp hasized by  u singt he alte r na t i v e t e rm and acrony m for windo w s,icons,  m enu s , poin tingde v ice  (WIMP). Th is e ffort cul minate d  in the 1973 Xe rox Al to,  th e fi r st  c omp ut e r w i th  aG UI,  thoughth esyste m ne v e r reac hed  com merci al production .
Thef irs t com merci ally  a vaila ble co mpute rwith a GUI wasthe1979 PERQ  wo rk sta ti on, m a nufact ure d b y Three  Rivers Com pu t e r  C orporation. Its de si g n  w as heavi ly inf l ue nc e d by the  w ork  atX e rox P ARC. In  1981, X erox e v en tu ally co mm ercial iz edthe  Alto in t he for m of a n ew an d  enhanced syst e m – the Xerox 80 1 0  I n form ati on System –  mor e  com monl y  k now n  as t he Xe ro x  S t ar. These early sys te ms spu rredmany other GU I efforts, i n cludingLisp ma c hines by Symbo licsand otherm anufactu rers,  the App le Lisa ( w h ich pres ent edthe  co n c ep t of menu bar a nd w in dow con tro ls) in198 3,the  Ap pl e Macinto sh 128Kin  1 98 4,  an d the Atari ST  w ith  D igi tal R e search 's GE M, a nd  C o mmo dore Am i ga i n 19 85 .Visi  On  w as re leas e d i n 1983for the I BMP C co mp at ible co mputers, butwa s never po pu lar  due t o its high  hardware demands. Neve r theless , i t was  a c rucial in flu ence o n t h e cont empora ry de ve lop m e nt of M ic ros of t Windows. App le, D ig ital  Resear ch, IBM and Micros o ftused many ofXer ox's i de ast od eve lo p  pr o d ucts, and IBM's  Common Us er Ac cess speci f ica ti ons for med the  basi s  of the  user int erfaces u se d in M icr osoft Wind ows, IBM  OS/2 Pre s entat i on  Mana ger , andth e U nix M otif t o olk it an d wind ow  manag er. T he se ideas  evolved to create theinterf ace f oun d in curr ent ver sions ofMicr osoft Wind ows , a nd in  va r iousdesk t op  en v ironm ents for Unix- l ik e o p e ra ting system s , suc h asmac O S andLinu x. Thus most curr e nt GUIs have l arge l y  co mmo n  idi om s.

Populariza tio nGUIs wer ea hot topic  in theea r ly 19 80s. T he App le Lisa w as releas ed i n 1 983, andvar io u s windo wi ng system s ex is ted fo r DOSo pera t i ng systems (incl uding P C GEM and  PC/G EO S). Ind i vidu al applica tions for m any pl atfo rms p resente dtheirown  G UI variant s . Despite  theGUIs ad va ntag es,  manyrevi e w ers q uest io ned  the valu e of th ee nti re c oncep t,  cit ing hardw a re limit s,a nd prob le msi n  findi n gc o mpatible s oft ware. In 1984, A p pler el e aseda tele vision  commer c ial  w hich in tro d u ced the A pple
erox PARC_user interface_consisted of graphical elements_such as_windows,_menus, radio_buttons,_and check boxes._The concept of_icons was later introduced_by David Canfield_Smith,_who had written a thesis on the subject under the guidance of Kay. The_PARC_user interface_employs_a_pointing device along with a_keyboard. These aspects can be_emphasized by_using the alternative term and acronym for windows,_icons,_menus, pointing device_(WIMP). This effort culminated in the 1973 Xerox Alto,_the first computer with a GUI,_though the system_never_reached_commercial production.

The first commercially_available computer with a GUI was_the 1979 PERQ workstation, manufactured by_Three Rivers Computer Corporation. Its design was_heavily influenced by the work at_Xerox PARC. In 1981, Xerox_eventually commercialized_the Alto in the form_of a new_and enhanced_system – the_Xerox 8010 Information System – more_commonly known as_the Xerox Star. These early systems_spurred_many other GUI_efforts,_including_Lisp machines_by Symbolics and_other_manufacturers, the_Apple_Lisa (which presented the concept of_menu_bar and window controls) in 1983, the_Apple Macintosh 128K in_1984,_and the Atari ST_with Digital Research's GEM, and_Commodore Amiga in 1985. Visi On_was released_in 1983_for the IBM PC compatible computers, but was never popular due_to its high hardware demands. Nevertheless,_it was a crucial_influence on_the_contemporary development of_Microsoft_Windows.

Apple, Digital_Research, IBM and Microsoft used many of_Xerox's ideas_to develop products, and IBM's Common_User Access specifications formed_the_basis of the user interfaces used_in Microsoft Windows, IBM OS/2 Presentation_Manager, and the Unix Motif_toolkit_and_window manager. These ideas evolved_to create the interface found in_current versions of_Microsoft Windows, and in various desktop environments_for_Unix-like operating systems, such as macOS_and_Linux. Thus most current GUIs have_largely_common_idioms.

Popularization 

GUIs were a hot_topic in the early 1980s. The_Apple Lisa was released in 1983, and various windowing_systems existed for_DOS operating systems (including PC_GEM_and_PC/GEOS). Individual applications for many platforms presented their own GUI_variants. Despite_the GUIs advantages,_many reviewers questioned the value of the entire concept, citing_hardware limits, and problems in finding compatible_software.

In 1984, Apple released a television commercial which introduced the Apple