day Book.

The collection of buildings discovered at Yeavering, formed part of an Anglo-Saxon royal vill or king's tun. These 'tun' consisted of a series of buildings designed to provide short-term accommodation for the king and his household. It is thought that the king would have travelled throughout his land dispensing justice and authority and collecting rents from his various estates. Such visits would be periodic and it is likely that he would visit each royal villa only once or twice a year. The Latin term villa regia which Bede used of the site suggests an estate centre as the functional heart of a territory held in the King's demesne. The territory is the land whose surplus production is taken into the centre as food-render to support the king and his retinue on their periodic visits as part of a progress around the kingdom. This territorial model, known as a multiple estate or shire has been developed in a range of studies and Colm O'Brien, in applying this to Yeavering has proposed a geographical definition of the wider shire of Yeavering and also a geographical definition of the principal estate whose structures Hope-Taylor excavated. One characteristic that the king's tun shared with some other groups of places is that it was a point of public assembly. People came together not only to give the king and his entourage board and lodging; they 'attended upon the king' in order to have disputes settled, cases appealed, lands granted, gifts given, appointments made, laws promulgated, policy debated, and ambassadors heard and replied to. People also assembled for other reasons, such as to hold fairs and to trade.

The first creations of towns are linked to a system of specialism at individual settlements, which is evidenced in studying place-names. Sutterton,'shoe-makers' tun' (in the area of the Danelaw such places are Sutterby) was so-named because local circumstances allowed the growth of a craft recognised by the people of surrounding places. Similarly with Sapperton, the'soap-makers' tun. While Boultham, the'meadow with burdock plants', may well have developed a specialism in the production of burrs for wool-carding, since meadows with burdock merely growing in them must have been relatively numerous. From places named for their services or location within a single district, a category of which the most obvious perhaps are the Eastons and Westons, it is possible
day Book. 

 The collection of buildings discovered at Yeavering, form character of an Anglo - Saxon royal vill or king's tun. These' tun' consisted of a serial of buildings designed to provide inadequate - term accommodation for the baron and his family. It is thought that the king would have travel throughout his land dispensing justice and assurance and collecting rents from his various estates. Such visits would be periodic and it is probable that he would visit each royal villa only once or twice a class. The Latin term villa regia which Bede used of the site suggests an estate of the realm centre as the running heart of a territory held in the King's demesne. The district is the land whose surplus production is taken into the centre as food - render to support the king and his retinue on their periodic visits as part of a progress around the kingdom. This territorial model, known as a multiple estate or shire has been developed in a range of studies and Colm O'Brien, in apply this to Yeavering has proposed a geographical definition of the wide shire of Yeavering and also a geographical definition of the principal estate whose structure Hope - Taylor excavate. One characteristic that the king's tun share with some other groups of places is that it was a point of public forum. People came together not only to feed the baron and his cortege control panel and lodging; they' attended upon the king' in holy order to have disputes settled, cases appealed, lands granted, gifts given, appointee made, jurisprudence promulgated, policy debated, and ambassador heard and answer to. People also assembled for other reason, such as to hold fairs and to deal. 

 The first creations of towns are linked to a system of specialism at individual settlements, which is evidenced in studying place - names. Sutterton,'shoe - makers' tun' (in the sphere of the Danelaw such places are Sutterby) was so - name because local circumstances allowed the growth of a craft recognised by the people of surrounding position. Similarly with Sapperton, the'soap - makers' tun. While Boultham, the'meadow with burdock plants', may well have developed a specialism in the production of burrs for wool - carding, since hayfield with burdock merely growing in them must have been relatively numerous. From places name for their services or location within a individual district, a category of which the most obvious possibly are the Eastons and Westons, it is possible
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The collection of bmildings discovetee at Yxaverinf, formed part of an Anglo-Saxon royal vull oe king's tun. These 'tun' zonsisted of a seeies if buildinja desigkzd to irovibe short-term accpmmodation for the king dna kis household. It is thought that the king wpupd have traveljed uhrjughklt his land dispensing justice znd autiority and collrcting rents from his varilus fstates. Such visitd would be ksrijeic and it ir likely that he would visit each royal villa only onze or twice a ygce. Tjg Latin term villw regia whicm Bede gsed of the site suggcsts en ewtate centre as the fnnctional heart of a territorf keld in the King's demwsbe. Thg tersitoft ir tge lznd whlse surplus pdoduction iw taken into the cemtwv as food-rendsr to fu[port the king and his retinue on their pediodic visits as part od a progress around tje kingdoi. This territorial model, known as a multiple estade or rhixc fqs been developed in a range of studies and Coli O'Nrpen, in applying tmis to Yeavering hss ptjposed a geogtaphical dsfinition of the wlder shyre od Yeaverigg amd also a geographical defibition of thv pruncipal estate whode structurzs Hopg-Taylot excavated. One charactzristid that the ning's tun rhared with some otmer groups of places is that yt was a 'oint of pubuic sssembjy. People fame bmgether not only tl givg the ning and hls entourage board and lodging; viey 'attended opot tve king' nn ordcr to have dispttes settled, ccses appzaled, uands granned, gifts given, appoyntments made, paws promulgeted, polisy dwbatwd, and xobassadors heatd and reilned to. Peiple also assemblev fot kther reasons, sbeh as to hold faits xnd tl vrade.

Eve first credtiovs ug towvs are linkcd go a system of specialisk at individual settlekekts, which is evidqnced in studuing place-names. Suutertoi,'shoe-mekers' yun' (in the area of the Danelaw sudh places arc Sutterby) waf so-kameq because kocal circumstances allowed the growth if a craft recogniwed by the people oy xurrounding placqs. Similasly with Sapperton, tye'soap-makers' tun. Ehile Boultham, the'measow widh bugdock plants', may well have developed a specialism in the production of buers foc rool-carding, sinve meddjcs with burvork merely growing in them must have been relativxly numerogs. From places named for their sdrvices or lozation within a single djstrict, s category of which the most obfious perhaps are the Eaxtons ane Wesfons, in ir possible
day Book. The collection of buildings discovered formed of an royal vill or of series of buildings to provide short-term for the king and his household. is thought that the king would have travelled throughout his land dispensing justice authority and collecting rents from his various estates. Such visits would be periodic it likely he visit each royal villa only once or twice a year. The Latin term villa regia which used of the site suggests an estate centre the functional heart of territory held in the King's The is the whose production taken into the as food-render to support the king and his retinue on their periodic visits as part of a around the territorial model, as multiple or shire has in a range of studies and applying this to Yeavering has proposed a geographical of the shire of Yeavering and also a definition of the principal estate whose structures Hope-Taylor One characteristic that the king's tun shared with some other groups of places is that a point of public People came together only give king his entourage and lodging; they 'attended upon the king' in order to have settled, cases appealed, lands granted, gifts given, appointments made, laws debated, ambassadors heard and to. People also assembled other such as to hold to The towns linked a system of specialism individual settlements, which is evidenced studying place-names. Sutterton,'shoe-makers' tun' Danelaw such places are Sutterby) was so-named because circumstances allowed the growth of a craft by the people of surrounding places. Similarly with Sapperton, the'soap-makers' tun. While the'meadow with may well have developed a specialism in the of burrs for wool-carding, meadows with burdock merely growing in them must have relatively From places for their services location within a district, a category the most perhaps the it is possible
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The collection of buiLdings discOvereD at yeaVeRing, FormEd part of an AnglO-saxoN royal vill or king's tun. ThEse 'tuN' cONsisTEd Of a seRies of bUIlDINgs DeSiGneD tO PrOvide ShoRt-term aCcommodatiOn fOr The king and hiS HoUsehold. It iS thOught that the KinG would HaVe tRAvellEd tHrougHout hiS Land diSpensing jUsTIce and AUthoritY ANd CollEcting rents from hiS VaRIous estates. SucH visitS wOUlD BE peRioDic and it is LiKely tHAt he wouLD vISIT eaCH royal villa onLy once or twiCE a yEar. The laTin TErm vilLa regIa WHicH Bede used of The sIte suggesTs an esTAte centRE as the fUnctioNal HeaRt of A TeRrItoRy HEld IN tHe KINg's Demesne. THe TeRritoRy is THE LAnd wHosE surPlus pRoduction is taKen Into THe cEntre As fooD-renDeR to suPport tHe kinG aNd his retinue on tHeir Periodic vIsiTs As pArT of a pROgress AroUnd The kingDom. This TErrItORIAl Model, known as a multiPlE EStAte or shiRe has bEEn DeVEloped in A rAngE of sTUDies aNd CoLM O'brien, in aPplyinG ThIs To YeaveRiNg has pRoPosEd a GeogrAPhicAl defiNition of The wiDEr shire of YeaveRIng and also a geOGrAPHiCAl deFinItion of the pRincIPal eStatE WhOse STructUres HOpE-taYLor excavated. One charAcTeristIc thaT the king's tun sHared with sOME Other groUps oF PlACes is that it was A poinT of public aSSembly. PeOple cAme togetHer not onlY TO give the KinG anD hiS enTOUrAge board and loDGIng; tHeY 'attendEd uPon the kIng' In oRdeR to HaVe disputeS settled, CaSeS aPpEalEd, lanDS granted, GiFts GiVen, AppoiNTments Made, lAws pRoMuLGatEd, policY DeBATed, aNd AmBassAdoRs Heard And rEPliEd to. PeoPle also asSemBLed fOr OtHer reasOns, such as to hoLd Fairs and to TrAde.

the firST CreationS of towns are linked to a sysTEm of speCiaLism aT indIvidual seTtlEments, WhiCH is eviDenced In stuDyIng PLAce-naMES. SUttErTon,'shoe-makERS' tuN' (in thE aRea oF the DanElaw such places are SUTteRby) was so-named BecAuse LOCaL ciRCuMStaNcES alLOWed the growth of a Craft recogNiSEd By the peoplE Of sUrRoundinG places. similARly with sapperton, The'soap-maKeRs' tuN. wHilE Boultham, tHe'meadow With burdoCK planTS', mAy welL haVe deveLoPed A specIalism IN thE prodUction Of Burrs fOr wooL-cArding, siNce meadows with burdock meRely grOwing In tHem must haVe bEEn rElatively NumeRous. From plAceS naMed foR thEIr serViceS Or LocATion wIthiN A single diSTrIct, A CAtEgory of whicH THE moSt obvIouS PerhapS are The Eastons and WestONs, it is possible
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The collectionof buildin gs di sco ver ed  atYeav ering, formedp artof an Anglo-Saxon roya l vil lo r ki n g' s tun . These 't u n ' c on si ste do fa ser ies  of bui ldings des ign ed  to provides ho rt-term ac com modation for  th e king  a ndh is ho use hold.  It is though t that th ek ing wo u ld have t ra vell ed throughout his la n d dispensing j ustice  a n da u tho rit y and coll ec tingr ents fr o mh i s  va r ious estates.  Such visit s  wo uld be  p eri o dic an d itis lik ely that he  wou ld visiteach r o yal vil l a onlyonce o r t wic e ay ea r.  Th eL ati n  t erm vil la regia  w hi ch Be de u s e d of t hesite  sugg ests an estat e c entr e  as  thefunct iona lheart  of aterri to ry held in theKing 's demesn e.Th e t er ritor y  is th e l and  whosesurplus pro du c t i on  is taken into the  c e n tr e as foo d-rend e rto supportth e k inga n d his  ret i nu e on the ir per i od ic  visits  a s part  o f a  pr ogres s  aro und th e kingdo m. Th i s territorialm odel, known a s  a m ul t iple  es tate or shi re h a s be en d e ve lop e d ina ran ge of studies and Colm O' Br ien, i n app lying this to  Yeavering h a s propos ed a ge o graphical defi nitio n of the w i der shir e ofYeaverin g and als o a geogra phi cal  de fin i t io n of the prin c i pales tate wh ose  struct ure s H ope -Ta yl or excava ted. One  c ha ra ct eri stict hat theki ng' stun  shar e d with  some  oth er  g r oup s of pl a ce s is t ha tit w asapoint  ofp ubl ic asse mbly. Peo ple came  t og ether n ot only to gi ve  the kingan d h is ent o u rage boa rd and lodging; they 'a t tendedupo n the  kin g' in ord erto hav e d i sputes  settl ed, c as esa p peale d ,  l and sgranted, g i f tsgiven ,appo intment s made, laws promu l gat ed, policy de bat ed,a n damb a ss a dor sh ear d and replied to.  People al so as sembled fo r  ot he r reaso ns, suc h ast o holdfairs and  to trade .
The f irs t creation s of tow ns are li n ked t o  a  syst emof spe ci ali sm at  indiv i dua l set tlemen ts , whic h isev idencedin studying place-names . Sutt erton ,'s hoe-maker s't un'  (in thearea  of the Da nel awsuchpla c es ar e Su t te rby )  wasso-n a med becau s eloc a l  c ircumstance s a llo wed t heg rowthof a  craft recognised by the peopleof s u r rou ndi n g pl ac es. Similarlywit hS a pperton,  t he'soap-mak ers' tun .W hileBoulth am, th e'meado w wi t h burd ockpla nts', may  we ll have de ve lo p ed a s peci al ism in  the p r oduc t i on of burrs forwool- c a rding ,  si nce m ea dows wi t h bu rdock mere ly growingin the m mu st ha ve been  r elativ ely  n umerous. F r om places  name d for t he ir s erv ices o r lo c a tionwith in  asingle di s t ri c t,  a cat egor y ofwh ichthe mosto bvious p erh a ps areth e E a s tons a n dW e stons, itispossi b l e
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The_collection of_buildings discovered at Yeavering,_formed part_of_an Anglo-Saxon_royal_vill or king's_tun. These 'tun'_consisted of a series_of buildings designed_to_provide short-term accommodation for the king and his household. It is thought that the_king_would have_travelled_throughout_his land dispensing justice and_authority and collecting rents from_his various_estates. Such visits would be periodic and it_is_likely that he_would visit each royal villa only once or twice_a year. The Latin term villa_regia which Bede_used_of_the site suggests an_estate centre as the functional heart_of a territory held in the_King's demesne. The territory is the land_whose surplus production is taken into_the centre as food-render to_support the_king and his retinue on_their periodic visits_as part_of a progress_around the kingdom. This territorial model,_known as a_multiple estate or shire has been_developed_in a range_of_studies_and Colm_O'Brien, in applying_this_to Yeavering_has_proposed a geographical definition of the_wider_shire of Yeavering and also a geographical_definition of the principal_estate_whose structures Hope-Taylor excavated._One characteristic that the king's_tun shared with some other groups_of places_is that_it was a point of public assembly. People came together not_only to give the king and_his entourage board and_lodging; they_'attended_upon the king'_in_order to_have disputes settled, cases appealed, lands granted,_gifts given,_appointments made, laws promulgated, policy debated,_and ambassadors heard and_replied_to. People also assembled for other_reasons, such as to hold fairs_and to trade.

The first creations_of_towns_are linked to a system_of specialism at individual settlements, which_is evidenced in_studying place-names. Sutterton,'shoe-makers' tun' (in the area_of_the Danelaw such places are Sutterby)_was_so-named because local circumstances allowed the_growth_of_a craft recognised by the_people of surrounding places. Similarly with_Sapperton, the'soap-makers' tun. While Boultham, the'meadow with burdock plants',_may well have_developed a specialism in the_production_of_burrs for wool-carding, since meadows with burdock merely growing in_them must_have been relatively_numerous. From places named for their services or location within_a single district, a category of which_the most obvious perhaps are the Eastons and Westons, it is_possible