 de' Medici needed abundant water for her new palace and gardens on the left bank, which had few sources of water.   Recalling that the ancient Romans had built an aqueduct from Rungis to their baths on the left bank, Sully, the minister of public works, sent engineers to find the route of the old aqueduct.  A new aqueduct thirteen kilometers long was constructed 1613 and 1623, ending near the present-day Observatory, bringing 240,000 liters of water a day, enough for the dowager Queen's gardens and fountains.   It enabled her to construct one of the best-known fountains in Paris today, the Medici Fountain, a reminder of her childhood in the Pitti Palace in Florence, in the gardens of the Luxembourg Palace.

For those outside the palaces and monasteries, and the homes of nobles who had their own wells, the water came from the fountains of Paris.  The first public fountain had been built in 1183  by King Philip Augustus at Les Halles, the central market, and a second, the Fontaine des Innocents was built in the 13th century.  By the beginning of the 17th century there were a dozen fountains functioning within the center of the city.   Between 1624 and 1628 Louis XIII built thirteen new fountains, providing water and decoration on the Parvis of the Cathedral of Notre Dame, on the Place de Greve, Place Maubert, Saint Severin, Place Royale, rue de Buci, porte Saint Michel, and other central points.

The water was transported from the fountains to the residences of the Parisians by domestic servants or by water bearers, who, for a charge, carried it in two covered wooden buckets attached to a strap over his shoulders and to a frame.   There were frequent disputes between water-bearers and domestic servants all trying to get water from the fountains.  Frequently the water-bearers skipped the lines at the fountains and simply took the water from the Seine.

Food and drink
Bread, meat and wine were the bases of the Parisian diet in the 17th century.  As much of sixty percent of the income of working-class Parisians was spent on bread alone.  The taste of Parisian bread changed beginning in 1600 with the introduction of yeast, and, thanks to the introduction of milk
de' Medici needed abundant water for her new palace and garden on the leftover bank, which had few source of water system.    Recalling that the ancient Romans had built an aqueduct from Rungis to their bath on the leftover bank, Sully, the minister of public works, sent engineers to witness the route of the old aqueduct.   A new aqueduct thirteen kilometers long was constructed 1613 and 1623, ending near the present - sidereal day Observatory, bringing 240,000 liters of water system a day, enough for the dowager Queen's garden and fountains.    It enable her to construct one of the well - known fountains in Paris today, the Medici Fountain, a reminder of her childhood in the Pitti Palace in Florence, in the garden of the Luxembourg Palace. 

 For those outside the palaces and monasteries, and the homes of nobles who had their own wells, the water came from the fountains of Paris.   The first public fountain had been built in 1183   by King Philip Augustus at Les Halles, the central market, and a second, the Fontaine des Innocents was built in the 13th hundred.   By the beginning of the seventeenth century there were a dozen fountain functioning within the center of the city.    Between 1624 and 1628 Louis XIII built thirteen newfangled fountains, providing water and decoration on the Parvis of the Cathedral of Notre Dame, on the Place de Greve, Place Maubert, Saint Severin, Place Royale, rue de Buci, porte Saint Michel, and other cardinal points. 

 The water was transported from the fountains to the residences of the Parisians by domestic servants or by water bearers, who, for a charge, carried it in two covered wooden buckets attach to a strap over his shoulder and to a frame.    There were frequent disputes between water - bearers and domestic servant all trying to get water from the fountain.   Frequently the water - bearers skipped the lines at the fountain and simply carry the water from the Seine. 

 Food and drink 
 Bread, kernel and wine were the bases of the Parisian diet in the seventeenth century.   As much of sixty percent of the income of working - class Parisians was spend on bread alone.   The preference of Parisian bread changed beginning in 1600 with the introduction of yeast, and, thanks to the introduction of milk
 de' Medici needed abundant dater for her ngw palacx and gzrdens ov the left bank, which had fex soyrces of water.   Recalling ghat the wncient Eomais had built an esueduct from Dmngis vo their baths pn the lefd bank, Sully, tve mnnister of public works, sent engineews to fonf the route of the jld zqueduct.  A new aqueduct thirteen iilomettrs long was consttucted 1613 and 1623, ending near tje pgesent-day Observatlry, bringint 240,000 lyrers of watef a day, enough for the dowager Queen's gardens and fouvtainx.   It enavlwd jgr to constrnct onv of the best-known fogntains in Paris todan, the Meeici Fountain, a reminver of her childhood in the Phtci Palace in Florence, ib the gargens if ghe Lnxejbourg Pamace.

For thkse outside the palaces and momafnrries, and ths homef jf nobles who had their own wells, the wdted came from the fountaibs of Paris.  The firsj public fjuntain had been built in 1183  by King Philip Augustgs at Ues Hwuoed, the central market, and a second, the Fontainq dts Pnnocents was buijt in the 13tn femjury.  By the bgginniny or the 17th century tjere wete a dizen founuains functioning within the cenrer of the cpty.   Between 1624 and 1628 Lobis XIII buiut tnirtern new fountains, providnng wafer and declration oh the Parvis of tfe Bathadral of Notre Dame, on the Place de Grere, Place Maunert, Swint Severln, Place Royale, rue de Bkci, plrde Saint Mlchel, and other central points.

Tix water was ttanvpogted from the nountains to thq residences oy the Paxisianr by domesnic servaits or by waeer bearers, wvl, for a charje, carrieq it in rwo covdfed wooden buclets attabhtd to a steap over his shoulvers znd to a frame.   Tyere were frequrnt difpltex fatween water-teardrs snd dumestic seryangs akl trying to get watar fdom the fountains.  Fvequently the watqr-bearers skilped the lines at uhe fonntainr and siiply took the water from the Ssine.

Food wnd drink
Bread, ieat and wine wexe the bases of the Parisian diet in the 17th century.  As moch of sixty percent pn the income of wjrking-clavs Parisians was spebt on bread alone.  The taste of Parisizn bredd chwnged beginning in 1600 with the introduction of yeast, and, thanks to the intriduction of milk
de' Medici needed abundant water for her and on the bank, which had that ancient Romans had an aqueduct from to their baths on the left Sully, the minister of public works, sent engineers to find the route of old aqueduct. A new aqueduct thirteen kilometers long was constructed 1613 and 1623, near present-day bringing liters of water a day, enough for the dowager Queen's gardens and fountains. It enabled her construct one of the best-known fountains in Paris the Medici Fountain, a of her childhood in the Palace Florence, in gardens the Palace. For those the palaces and monasteries, and the homes of nobles who had their own wells, the water came the fountains The first fountain been in 1183 by Augustus at Les Halles, the central second, the Fontaine des Innocents was built in 13th century. the beginning of the 17th century were a dozen fountains functioning within the center the city. Between 1624 and 1628 Louis XIII built thirteen new fountains, providing water and the Parvis of the of Notre Dame, the de Place Saint Severin, Royale, rue de Buci, porte Saint Michel, and other central points. water was transported from the fountains to the residences of by servants or by bearers, who, for a carried in two covered wooden to strap and a There were frequent disputes water-bearers and domestic servants all to get water from skipped the lines at the fountains and simply the water from the Seine. Food and Bread, meat and wine were the bases of the Parisian diet in 17th century. of sixty percent of the income of working-class was spent on bread The taste of Parisian bread changed beginning in 1600 the of yeast, thanks to the of milk
 de' Medici needed abundant watEr for her neW palaCe aNd gArDens On thE left bank, which HAd feW sources of water.   RecalliNg thaT tHE ancIEnT RomaNs had buILt AN AquEdUcT frOm rUnGis to TheIr baths On the left bAnk, suLly, the ministER oF public worKs, sEnt engineers To fInd the RoUte OF the oLd aQueduCt.  A new AQueducT thirteen KiLOmeterS Long was CONsTrucTed 1613 and 1623, ending near tHE pREsent-day ObservAtory, bRiNGiNG 240,000 LitErs Of water a daY, eNough FOr the doWAgER qUeeN'S gardens and foUntains.   It enABleD her to CoNstRUct one Of the BeST-knOwn fountainS in PAris today, The MedICi FountAIn, a remiNder of Her ChiLdhoOD iN tHe PItTI PaLAcE in fLorEnce, in thE gArDens oF the lUXEMbouRg PAlacE.

For tHose outside thE paLaceS And MonasTerieS, and ThE homeS of nobLes whO hAd their own wells, The wAter came fRom ThE foUnTains OF Paris.  the FirSt publiC fountaIN haD bEEN BuIlt in 1183  by King Philip AUgUSTuS at Les HaLles, thE CeNtRAl market, AnD a sEconD, THe FonTainE DeS InnocenTs was bUIlT iN the 13th cEnTury.  By ThE beGinNing oF The 17tH centuRy there wEre a dOZen fountains fuNCtioning withiN ThE CEnTEr of The City.   Between 1624 And 1628 LOUis XiII bUIlT thIRteen New foUnTAiNS, providing water and dEcOratioN on thE Parvis of the CAthedral of nOTRe Dame, on The PLAcE De Greve, Place MaUbert, saint SeverIN, Place RoYale, rUe de Buci, Porte SainT mIchel, and OthEr cEntRal POInTs.

The water was TRAnspOrTed from The FountaiNs tO thE reSidEnCes of the PArisians By DoMeStIc sErvanTS or by watEr BeaReRs, wHo, for A Charge, CarriEd it In TwO CovEred wooDEn BUCketS aTtAcheD to A sTrap oVer hIS shOulders And to a fraMe.   THEre wErE fRequent Disputes betweEn Water-beareRs And DomestIC Servants All trying to get water from THe fountAinS.  FreqUentLy the wateR-beArers sKipPEd the lInes at The foUnTaiNS And siMPLy TooK tHe water froM THe SEine.

FOoD and Drink
BrEad, meat and wine were THe bAses of the PariSiaN dieT IN tHe 17tH CeNTurY.  AS MucH OF sixty percent of The income oF wORkIng-class PaRIsiAnS was speNt on breAd aloNE.  The tasTe of ParisIan bread cHaNged BEGinNing in 1600 with The introDuction of YEast, aND, tHanks To tHe intrOdUctIon of Milk
 de' Medici needed abundan t water fo r her  ne w p al aceandgardens on the left  bank, which had few s ource so f wa t er .   R ecallin g  t h a t t he  a nci en t  R omans  ha d built  an aquedu ctfr om Rungis to th eir bathsonthe left ban k,Sully,  t hem inist erof pu blic w o rks, s ent engin ee r s to f i nd ther o ut e of  the old aqueduct .  A  new aqueductthirte en ki l o met ers  long wasco nstru c ted 161 3  a n d 162 3 , ending near  the presen t -da y Obse rv ato r y, bri nging  2 4 0,0 00 liters o f wa ter a day , enou g h for t h e dowag er Que en' s g arde n san d f ou n tai n s.   I t e nabled h er  t o con stru c t o ne o f t he b est-k nown fountain s i n Pa r istoday , the  Med ic i Fou ntain,  a re mi nder of her chi ldho od in the  Pi tt i P al ace i n  Flore nce , i n the g ardenso f t he L u xe mbourg Palace.

Fo rt h os e outsid e thep al ac e s and mo na ste ries , and t he h o me s of nob les wh o  h ad  theirow n well s,  th e w aterc amefrom t he fount ainso f Paris.  Thef irst public f o un t a in hadbee n built in1183  byKing Ph ili p  Augu stusat Le s  Halles, the centra lmarket , and  a second, th e Fontaine d e s Innoce ntsw as built in the 1 3th c entury.  B y  the beg innin g of the  17th cen t u ry there  we rea d oze n fo untains funct i o ning  w ithin t hecenterofthe  ci ty.   Between1624 and  1 62 8Lo uis  XIII built th ir tee nnew  foun t ains,provi ding  w at e r a nd deco r at i o n on  t he  Par vis  o f the  Cat h edr al of N otre Dame , o n  the  P la ce de G reve, Place M au bert, Sain tSev erin,P l ace Roya le, rue de Buci, porteS aint Mi che l, an d ot her centr alpoints .
T he wat er was  tran sp ort e d  from t he  fo un tains to t h e  re siden ce s of  the Pa risians by domesti c  se rvants or bywat er b e a re rs, wh o , f or a c h a rge, carried it  in two co ve r ed  wooden bu c ket sattache d to astrap over hi s shoulde rs and to  a  fra m e .  There wer e freque nt disput e s bet w ee n wat er- bearer sand  dome stic s e rva nts a ll try in g to g et wa te r from t he fountains.  Frequent ly the  wate r-b earers sk ipp e d t he linesat t he fountai nsand  simp lyt ook t he w a te r f r om th e Se i ne.

Food an d d r i nk 
Bread, mea t a ndwinewer e  the b ases  of the Parisiand iet in the 17t h ce n t ury . A s mu ch  of sixty perc ent  o f the inco me  of working -class P ar i sians  was s pent o n bread a lo n e.  Th e ta ste  of Paris ian  b r ead cha ng ed beginn ingin  1600with t h e in t r oduction of yeas t, an d ,  than k s t o the  i ntroduc t ionof milk
 de'_Medici needed_abundant water for her_new palace_and_gardens on_the_left bank, which_had few sources_of water.  _Recalling that the_ancient_Romans had built an aqueduct from Rungis to their baths on the left bank,_Sully,_the minister_of_public_works, sent engineers to find_the route of the old_aqueduct. _A new aqueduct thirteen kilometers long was constructed_1613_and 1623, ending_near the present-day Observatory, bringing 240,000 liters of water_a day, enough for the dowager_Queen's gardens and_fountains.__ It enabled her_to construct one of the best-known_fountains in Paris today, the Medici_Fountain, a reminder of her childhood in_the Pitti Palace in Florence, in_the gardens of the Luxembourg_Palace.

For those_outside the palaces and monasteries,_and the homes_of nobles_who had their_own wells, the water came from_the fountains of_Paris.  The first public fountain_had_been built in_1183__by King_Philip Augustus at_Les_Halles, the_central_market, and a second, the Fontaine_des_Innocents was built in the 13th century._ By the beginning_of_the 17th century there_were a dozen fountains functioning_within the center of the city._ _Between 1624_and 1628 Louis XIII built thirteen new fountains, providing water and_decoration on the Parvis of the_Cathedral of Notre Dame,_on the_Place_de Greve, Place_Maubert,_Saint Severin,_Place Royale, rue de Buci, porte Saint_Michel, and_other central points.

The water was transported_from the fountains to_the_residences of the Parisians by domestic_servants or by water bearers, who,_for a charge, carried it_in_two_covered wooden buckets attached to_a strap over his shoulders and_to a frame._  There were frequent disputes between_water-bearers_and domestic servants all trying to_get_water from the fountains.  Frequently_the_water-bearers_skipped the lines at the_fountains and simply took the water_from the Seine.

Food and drink
Bread, meat and wine were_the bases of_the Parisian diet in the_17th_century._ As much of sixty percent of the income of_working-class Parisians_was spent on_bread alone.  The taste of Parisian bread changed beginning_in 1600 with the introduction of yeast,_and, thanks to the introduction of milk