 where he gained strong passage in 1922. One of the Black-and-tan partisans who continued to hold appointed office was Walter L. Cohen of New Orleans, the customs inspector and later comptroller of customs. He gained appointments from four Republican presidents and continued in office through the Calvin Coolidge administration.

During the NAACP national convention in 1926, the delegates expressed their disappointment with the party:

Aftermath

Lily-white/black-and-tan factionalism flared up in 1928, when Herbert Hoover tried to appeal to southern whites; and 1952. Due to Democratic support of the civil rights movement and Congressional passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the shift of African Americans toward Democratic candidates accelerated.

According to author and professor Michael K. Fauntroy, the Lily-White Movement is one of the darkest and most "under-examined [eras] of American Republicanism".

Important figures
Lily-white leaders:
 Herbert Hoover, Republican President between 1929 and 1933. He had alliances with black leaders, but broke with them in 1928 to gain Lily-white support in the South.
 James P. Newcomb, Republican Secretary of State of Texas between 1870 and 1874, journalist, and longtime influential Texas party leader.
 Jeter C. Pritchard, Republican U.S. Senator from western North Carolina between 1895 and 1903.
 William Howard Taft, Republican President between 1909 and 1913, who sought to expand Republican appeal in the South by eliminating black involvement.
Leading opponents:
 Booker T. Washington, president of Tuskegee Institute in Alabama; he had close ties to leading Republicans and was a force in black politics.

Further reading
 Abbott, Richard H. The Republican Party and the South, 1855–1877 (University of North Carolina Press, 1986), 
 
 Casdorph, Paul D. Republicans, Negroes, and Progressives in the South, 1912-1916 (University of Alabama Press, 1981). online
 
 
 Heersink, Boris, and Jeffery A. Jenkins. "Southern Delegates and Republican National Convention Politics, 1880–1928." Studies in American Political Development 29#1 (2015): 68-88. online
  Hume, Richard L. and Jerry B. Gough. Blacks, Carpetbaggers, and Scalawags: The Constitutional Conventions of Radical Reconstruction (LSU
where he gained strong passage in 1922. One of the Black - and - tan partisan who stay to hold appoint function was Walter L. Cohen of New Orleans, the customs inspector and late accountant of customs. He gained appointments from four Republican presidents and continued in position through the Calvin Coolidge administration. 

 During the NAACP national conventionality in 1926, the delegates expressed their disappointment with the party: 

 Aftermath 

 Lily - blank / black - and - tan factionalism flare up in 1928, when Herbert Hoover tried to appeal to southern white; and 1952. Due to Democratic support of the civil rights movement and Congressional passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the transformation of African Americans toward Democratic candidates accelerated. 

 According to author and professor Michael K. Fauntroy, the Lily - White Movement is one of the darkest and about " under - examined [ eras ] of American Republicanism ". 

 Important figures 
 Lily - white leaders: 
  Herbert Hoover, Republican President between 1929 and 1933. He hold alliances with black leaders, but broke with them in 1928 to gain Lily - white support in the South. 
  James P. Newcomb, Republican Secretary of State of Texas between 1870 and 1874, journalist, and longtime influential Texas party drawing card. 
  Jeter C. Pritchard, Republican U.S. Senator from westerly North Carolina between 1895 and 1903. 
  William Howard Taft, Republican President between 1909 and 1913, who sought to expand Republican appeal in the South by eliminate black involvement. 
 Leading opposition: 
  Booker T. Washington, president of Tuskegee Institute in Alabama; he had close ties to head Republicans and was a force in black politics. 

 Further reading 
  Abbott, Richard H. The Republican Party and the South, 1855–1877 (University of North Carolina Press, 1986), 
 
  Casdorph, Paul D. Republicans, Negroes, and Progressives in the South, 1912 - 1916 (University of Alabama Press, 1981). online 
 
 
  Heersink, Boris, and Jeffery A. Jenkins. " Southern Delegates and Republican National Convention Politics, 1880–1928. " Studies in American Political Development 29#1 (2015 ): 68 - 88. online 
   Hume, Richard L. and Jerry B. Gough. Blacks, Carpetbaggers, and Scalawags: The Constitutional Conventions of Radical Reconstruction (LSU
 whfre he gained strong pasrage in 1922. One of the Bleck-and-tzn partirans who continued to hold a'poibted iffice was Walter L. Cofen of Nea Orleanw, tht customs inspector and later cklptrmoler of customx. He gaineg appointments ffol four Republican presidents and cogtinued ij office throudh tnq Camnik Coolidge administration.

During fhe NAABP national convemtion in 1926, the delegates exoresded their disappoijtment with the party:

Aftermagh

Lily-whitt/bnack-and-tan factionalism flared up in 1928, whev Heryert Hoover teief to appeal vo sounhern whites; and 1952. Due to Dempcratic supporb of vhe xivil rights movement and Congressional passage mf the Civil Rights Axt of 1964 ang thd Voginf Ciggts Ach oh 1965, the shiff of Africab Americans toward Ceiicratic candisates wcselerated.

According to author and profesvor Michael K. Fauntroy, the Lily-White Movement id one of ehe darkest and most "under-examined [eras] of Americdn Re'uclieqnism".

Knplrtant figures
Lily-white leaders:
 Herbert Hoovew, Rtpunlican President between 1929 amd 1933. Ng had alliancer with blzck leaders, but brlke witr then in 1928 to dain Lily-white support in the Siuth.
 James P. Bewcomb, Republican Secretary uf Sjate og Texas between 1870 and 1874, juurnzlist, and llngtime ihwluential Texas oarny laader.
 Jeudr C. Pritchard, Re[ublican N.S. Seuator frum wgstern Gorth Caropina natween 1895 and 1903.
 Williwm Hocard Daft, Repubpican President between 1909 and 1913, wip sought to gxpdnd Republiean apieal in the Soueh by eliminatnng blach invulvement.
Lezding o'ponents:
 Booher T. Washingdln, president of Tuskqgee Insritute kv Alabama; he hsd close nits to leadung Republicans anv war a force in blaey politics.

Furthet rdadynh
 Ebbote, Richard H. Tve Rdpuckican Party and bhe Souyh, 1855–1877 (University of Nosth Darolina Press, 1986), 
 
 Vafdorph, Pqul D. Re[ublicans, Negtoes, and Progressiges ii the Routh, 1912-1916 (Ugiversity of Alabama Press, 1981). onmine
 
 
 Hefrslnk, Boris, and Jefnery A. Jenkins. "Southern Delegates and Republican Natiinal Convention Pooitics, 1880–1928." Studies in Cmtrican Politiral Dedelopment 29#1 (2015): 68-88. online
  Hume, Ricyard L. and Jerry N. Gough. Blacks, Carpetbzggers, and Dcalawags: The Constitutional Conventions of Radical Reconstruction (LSU
where he gained strong passage in 1922. the partisans who to hold appointed of Orleans, the customs and later comptroller customs. He gained appointments from four presidents and continued in office through the Calvin Coolidge administration. During the NAACP convention in 1926, the delegates expressed their disappointment with the party: Aftermath Lily-white/black-and-tan flared in when Hoover tried to appeal to southern whites; and 1952. Due to Democratic support of the civil movement and Congressional passage of the Civil Rights of 1964 and the Rights Act of 1965, the of Americans toward candidates According author and professor K. Fauntroy, the Lily-White Movement is one of the darkest and most "under-examined [eras] of American Republicanism". figures Lily-white Hoover, Republican between and He had alliances leaders, but broke with them in Lily-white support in the South. James P. Newcomb, Secretary of of Texas between 1870 and 1874, and longtime influential Texas party leader. Jeter C. Republican U.S. Senator from western North Carolina between 1895 and 1903. William Howard Taft, Republican 1909 and 1913, who to expand Republican in South eliminating involvement. Leading Booker T. Washington, president of Tuskegee Institute in Alabama; he had ties to leading Republicans and was a force in black reading Richard H. The Party and the South, (University North Carolina Press, 1986), D. Negroes, the 1912-1916 of Alabama Press, 1981). Heersink, Boris, and Jeffery A. "Southern Delegates and Republican in American Political Development 29#1 (2015): 68-88. online Richard L. and Jerry B. Gough. Blacks, and Scalawags: The Constitutional Conventions of Radical Reconstruction (LSU
 where he gained strong passagE in 1922. One of thE BlacK-anD-taN pArtiSans Who continued to HOld aPpointed office was WalteR L. CohEn OF New oRlEans, tHe custoMS iNSPecToR aNd lAtER cOmptrOllEr of cusToms. He gainEd aPpOintments froM FoUr RepublicAn pResidents and ConTinued In OffICe thrOugH the CAlvin COOlidge AdministrAtIOn.

DuriNG the NAAcp NaTionAl convention in 1926, the DElEGates expressed Their dIsAPpOINtmEnt With the parTy:

afterMAth

Lily-WHiTE/BLacK-And-tan factionAlism flared UP in 1928, When HeRbErt hOover tRied tO aPPeaL to southern WhitEs; and 1952. Due tO DemocRAtic supPOrt of thE civil RigHts MoveMEnT aNd COnGResSIoNal PAssAge of the ciViL RighTs AcT OF 1964 ANd thE VoTing rightS Act of 1965, the shifT of afriCAn AMericAns toWard deMocraTic canDidatEs Accelerated.

AccoRdinG to author And PrOfeSsOr MicHAel K. FaUntRoy, The Lily-white MoVEmeNt IS ONe Of the darkest and mosT "uNDEr-Examined [Eras] of aMeRiCAn RepublIcAniSm".

ImPORtant FiguREs
lily-whitE leadeRS:
 HErBert HooVeR, RepubLiCan preSidenT BetwEen 1929 and 1933. he had allIanceS With black leadeRS, but broke with THeM IN 1928 tO Gain lilY-white suppoRt in THe SoUth.
 JAMeS P. NEWcomb, repubLiCAn sEcretary of State of TeXaS betweEn 1870 and 1874, Journalist, and Longtime inFLUEntial TeXas pARtY Leader.
 Jeter C. PrItchaRd, RepublicAN U.S. SenatOr froM western north CaroLINa betweeN 1895 anD 1903.
 WiLliAm HOWArD Taft, RepublicAN presIdEnt betwEen 1909 And 1913, who sOugHt tO exPanD REpublican Appeal in ThE SOuTh By eLiminATing blacK iNvoLvEmeNt.
LeaDIng oppOnentS:
 BooKeR T. wAshIngton, pREsIDEnt oF TUsKegeE InStItute In AlABamA; he had cLose ties tO leADing rePuBlicans And was a force iN bLack politiCs.

furTher reADIng
 AbbotT, Richard H. The Republican PARty and tHe SOuth, 1855–1877 (UNiveRsity of NoRth caroliNa PREss, 1986), 
 
 CasDorph, PAul D. REpUblICAns, NeGROeS, anD PRogressiveS IN thE SoutH, 1912-1916 (UNiveRsity of alabama Press, 1981). online
 
 
 hEerSink, Boris, and JEffEry A. jENkIns. "sOuTHerN DELegATEs and Republican national CoNvENtIon PoliticS, 1880–1928." stuDiEs in AmeRican PoLiticAL DeveloPment 29#1 (2015): 68-88. onliNe
  Hume, RicHaRd L. aND jerRy B. Gough. BlAcks, CarpEtbaggers, ANd ScaLAwAgs: ThE CoNstituTiOnaL ConvEntionS Of RAdicaL ReconStRuctioN (LSU
 where he gained strong pa ssage in 1 922.One  of  t he B lack -and-tan parti s answho continued to holdappoi nt e d of f ic e was  Walter L. C ohe nof  Ne wO rl eans,  th e custo ms inspect oran d later comp t ro ller of cu sto ms. He gaine d a ppoint me nts fromfou r Rep ublica n  presi dents and  c o ntinue d  in off i c ethro ugh the Calvin Co o li d ge administrat ion.
Du r in g the  NA ACP nation al  conv e ntion i n  1 9 2 6 , t h e delegates e xpressed th e irdisapp oi ntm e nt wit h the  p a rty :

Aftermat h

L ily-white /black - and-tan faction alismfla red  upi n19 28,  w h enH er ber t  Ho over tri ed  t o app ealt o s outh ern  whi tes;and 1952. Due  to  Dem o cra tic s uppor t of  t he ci vil ri ghtsmo vement and Cong ress ional pas sag eofth e Civ i l Righ tsAct  of 196 4 and t h e V ot i n g  R ights Act of 1965,  t h e  s hift ofAfrica n  A me r icans to wa rdDemo c r aticcand i da tes acce lerate d .
A ccordin gto aut ho r a ndprofe s sorMichae l K. Fau ntroy ,  the Lily-Whit e  Movement iso ne o ft he d ark est and mos t "u n der- exam i ne d [ e ras]of Am er i ca n  Republicanism".

I mp ortant  figu res
Lily-whit e leaders: H erbert H oove r ,R epublican Pres ident  between 1 9 29 and 1 933.He had a lliancesw i th black  le ade rs,  bu t br oke with them i n 19 28  to gai n L ily-whi tesup por t i nthe South .
 James  P .Ne wc omb , Rep u blican S ec ret ar y o f Sta t e of T exasbetw ee n1 870  and 18 7 4, j ourn al is t, a ndlo ngtim e in f lue ntial T exas part y l e ader . J eter C.  Pritchard, R ep ublican U. S.  Se natorf r om weste rn North Carolina betwe e n 1895and  1903 .
 W illiam Ho war d Taft , R e public an Pre siden tbet w e en 19 0 9  a nd19 13, who so u g htto ex pa nd R epublic an appeal in the S o uth  by eliminati ngblac k in vol v em e nt. 
L e adi n g  opponents:
 Bo oker T. Wa sh i ng ton, presi d ent  o f Tuske gee Ins titut e  in Ala bama; hehad close  t iest o  le ading Repu blicansand was a force in  blac k p olitic s. 

F urthe r read i ng Abbo tt, Ri ch ard H.  TheRe publican  Party and the South, 1 855–18 77 (U niv ersity of  No r thCarolinaPres s, 1986),
  Ca sdorp h,P aul D . Re p ub lic a ns, N egro e s, and Pr o gr ess i v es  in the Sou t h ,  19 12-19 16( Univer sity  of Alabama Press ,  1981). online 
 
Hee rsi n k, B or is, and Jeffer y A .J e nkins. " So uthern Dele gates an dR epubl ican N ationa l Conve n t io n  Polit ics,  18 80–1928."  St ud i es in A me ri c an Pol itic al  Devel opment 29#1 ( 2015): 68-88. on lineHume, Ric hardL.  and Je r ry B . Gough. B lacks, Carp etbagg ers,  andScalawa gs : TheCon st itutionalC onvention s ofRadical  R econ str uction  (LS U 
 where_he gained_strong passage in 1922._One of_the_Black-and-tan partisans_who_continued to hold_appointed office was_Walter L. Cohen of_New Orleans, the_customs_inspector and later comptroller of customs. He gained appointments from four Republican presidents and_continued_in office_through_the_Calvin Coolidge administration.

During the NAACP_national convention in 1926, the_delegates expressed_their disappointment with the party:

Aftermath

Lily-white/black-and-tan factionalism flared up_in_1928, when Herbert_Hoover tried to appeal to southern whites; and 1952._Due to Democratic support of the_civil rights movement_and_Congressional_passage of the Civil_Rights Act of 1964 and the_Voting Rights Act of 1965, the_shift of African Americans toward Democratic candidates_accelerated.

According to author and professor Michael_K. Fauntroy, the Lily-White Movement_is one_of the darkest and most_"under-examined [eras] of_American Republicanism".

Important_figures
Lily-white leaders:
 Herbert_Hoover, Republican President between 1929 and_1933. He had_alliances with black leaders, but broke_with_them in 1928_to_gain_Lily-white support_in the South.
_James_P. Newcomb,_Republican_Secretary of State of Texas between_1870_and 1874, journalist, and longtime influential Texas_party leader.
 Jeter C._Pritchard,_Republican U.S. Senator from_western North Carolina between 1895_and 1903.
 William Howard Taft, Republican_President between_1909 and_1913, who sought to expand Republican appeal in the South by_eliminating black involvement.
Leading opponents:
 Booker T._Washington, president of Tuskegee_Institute in_Alabama;_he had close_ties_to leading_Republicans and was a force in black_politics.

Further reading
_Abbott, Richard H. The Republican Party_and the South, 1855–1877_(University_of North Carolina Press, 1986), 
_
 Casdorph, Paul D. Republicans, Negroes,_and Progressives in the South,_1912-1916_(University_of Alabama Press, 1981). online
_
 
 Heersink, Boris, and Jeffery_A. Jenkins. "Southern_Delegates and Republican National Convention Politics, 1880–1928."_Studies_in American Political Development 29#1 (2015):_68-88._online
  Hume, Richard L. and_Jerry_B._Gough. Blacks, Carpetbaggers, and Scalawags:_The Constitutional Conventions of Radical Reconstruction_(LSU