 basin fills the hollow base a float rises and actuates a linkage which makes a servant figure appear from behind a door under the peacock and offer soap. When more water is used, a second float at a higher level trips and causes the appearance of a second servant figure — with a towel!" Al-Jazari thus appears to have been the first inventor to display an interest in creating human-like machines for practical purposes such as manipulating the environment for human comfort.

In 1066, the Chinese inventor Su Song built a water clock in the form of a tower which featured mechanical figurines which chimed the hours.

Samarangana Sutradhara, a Sanskrit treatise by Bhoja (11th century), includes a chapter about the construction of mechanical contrivances (automata), including mechanical bees and birds, fountains shaped like humans and animals, and male and female dolls that refilled oil lamps, danced, played instruments, and re-enacted scenes from Hindu mythology.

Villard de Honnecourt, in his 1230s sketchbook, depicted an early escapement mechanism in a drawing titled How to make an angel keep pointing his finger toward the Sun with an angel that would perpetually turn to face the sun. He also drew an automaton of a bird with jointed wings, which led to their design implementation in clocks.

At the end of the thirteenth century, Robert II, Count of Artois built a pleasure garden at his castle at Hesdin that incorporated several automata as entertainment in the walled park. The work was conducted by local workmen and overseen by the Italian knight Renaud Coignet. It included monkey marionettes, a sundial supported by lions and "wild men", mechanized birds, mechanized fountains and a bellows-operated organ. The park was famed for its automata well into the fifteenth century before it was destroyed by English soldiers in the sixteenth.

The Chinese author Xiao Xun wrote that when the Ming Dynasty founder Hongwu (r. 1368–1398) was destroying the palaces of Khanbaliq belonging to the previous Yuan Dynasty, there were —among many other mechanical devices— automata found that were in the shape of tigers.

Renaissance and early modern

The Renaissance witnessed a considerable revival of interest in automata. Hero's treatises were edited and translated into Latin and Italian.
basin fills the hollow base a ice-cream soda emanation and actuates a linkage which make a servant digit appear from behind a door under the peacock and propose soap. When more water system is used, a second float at a higher level trip and causes the appearance of a second servant design — with a towel! " Al - Jazari therefore appears to have been the first inventor to expose an interest in create human - like machines for practical purposes such as rig the environment for human comfort. 

 In 1066, the Chinese inventor Su Song built a water clock in the kind of a tower which featured mechanical figurines which chimed the hours. 

 Samarangana Sutradhara, a Sanskrit treatise by Bhoja (eleventh century), includes a chapter about the construction of mechanical contrivances (automata), including mechanical bee and birds, fountains shaped like humans and animals, and male and female dolls that refilled oil lamps, danced, act instruments, and re - enacted scene from Hindu mythology. 

 Villard de Honnecourt, in his 1230s sketchbook, portray an early escapement mechanism in a drawing titled How to make an saint keep point his finger toward the Sun with an angel that would perpetually call on to face the sun. He also drew an automaton of a bird with jointed wings, which moderate to their design implementation in clocks. 

 At the end of the thirteenth hundred, Robert II, Count of Artois built a joy garden at his castle at Hesdin that incorporated several automata as entertainment in the walled park. The work was impart by local workmen and overseen by the Italian knight Renaud Coignet. It included monkey marionettes, a sundial supported by lions and " wild world ", mechanized birds, mechanized spring and a bellows - operated electric organ. The park was famed for its automaton well into the fifteenth century before it was destroy by English soldiers in the one-sixteenth. 

 The Chinese author Xiao Xun wrote that when the Ming Dynasty laminitis Hongwu (r. 1368–1398) was destroying the palaces of Khanbaliq belonging to the previous Yuan Dynasty, there were — among many other mechanical devices — automata found that were in the shape of tigers. 

 Renaissance and early modern 

 The Renaissance witness a considerable revival of interest in automata. Hero's treatise were edited and translated into Latin and Italian.
 badin fills the hollow bast a float rises aue actuetes a minkage dhich makes a servant figure appear from behind a door unaer the pvacock ane ofher soap. When mocs water is ussf, a vxcond float at s higher lavel trips and cxudes the appearance of a second servwnt figirf — with a towej!" Al-Kwzarj thus appears to have been the fidst invtntor to display am interest in creating humwn-line machines for prwctical purkksef such as mankpulating uhz environmeht for human comfort.

In 1066, the Chivese nnventor Su Sing tuilt a watxr clobk in the form of a tmwer whoch featured mcchanmcal figurines which chimxd the hours.

Samarangwna Sutraghcra, a Sanskrit treatiwe by Bvoja (11th zwntjry), iiclhdes a chepter about the constryction of mechanicak sintrivances (ahtomatw), yncluding mechanical bees and birds, fouttajns shaped like humans qnd animals, and male wnd femalq dolls that refilled oil lamps, danced, played insdrumeitr, aue re-evqched scenes from Hindu mythology.

Villard de Hongscpugt, in his 1230s sketcmbook, depicted an raglu escapement mgchanism ih a drawing titled How to make an angel keel pointing his finger toware the Sun winh ab angel that would perpetuallv turn to fsce the sun. He also drec an ahtomaton of a bird wjgh jointed wings, whpch ned to their design implemqntation mn clpcks.

At ghe gnd of ehe thirtefnth gantury, Robert II, Clunt lf Artois bullt a pleasure garden at his castle at Hesdin tvat incorpoxated xeveral automwta as entertannment iu the dalled pari. The wmrk was conqucted by locdp workmen anv overseeg by the Italiav knight Renaud Coignet. Pt incouded monkey marioketter, a sundial suppirttd by lions and "eila mqn", mxchanysed birds, mewhankzea foungains and a cellpws-operated organ. Tha padk was famed for iys automatq well igto the fifternth century befort it wes desvroyed by English soldiers in the sixtesnth.

The Cjincse author Xiwo Xmn wtote that wken the Ming Dynasty founder Hongwu (r. 1368–1398) wes destroying the palacws of Khanbaliq belpkging to the prevyous Yuan Dynasty, there were —qmong many other kechanical devices— aufomata founf that were in the shape of tigers.

Renaissance and early modern

The Renaissqnce wmtgessed a cohsidrrablv rzviral of yntecert in automata. Hvro's treatises were edited and tcanslated hnco Latin and Italian.
basin fills the hollow base a float actuates linkage which a servant figure under peacock and offer When more water used, a second float at a level trips and causes the appearance of a second servant figure — with towel!" Al-Jazari thus appears to have been the first inventor to display an in human-like for purposes such as manipulating the environment for human comfort. In 1066, the Chinese inventor Su Song a water clock in the form of a which featured mechanical figurines chimed the hours. Samarangana Sutradhara, Sanskrit by Bhoja century), a about the construction mechanical contrivances (automata), including mechanical bees and birds, fountains shaped like humans and animals, and male and dolls that lamps, danced, instruments, re-enacted from Hindu mythology. Honnecourt, in his 1230s sketchbook, depicted mechanism in a drawing titled How to make angel keep his finger toward the Sun with angel that would perpetually turn to face the He also drew an automaton of a bird with jointed wings, which led to their in clocks. At the of the thirteenth Robert Count Artois a pleasure at his castle at Hesdin that incorporated several automata as entertainment the walled park. The work was conducted by local workmen by Italian knight Renaud It included monkey marionettes, sundial by lions and "wild birds, fountains organ. park famed for its automata into the fifteenth century before was destroyed by English Chinese author Xiao Xun wrote that when the Dynasty founder Hongwu (r. 1368–1398) was destroying palaces of Khanbaliq belonging to the previous Yuan Dynasty, there were —among other mechanical found that were in the shape of tigers. and early modern The witnessed a considerable revival of interest in automata. Hero's were and translated Latin and Italian.
 basin fills the hollow base a fLoat rises aNd actUatEs a LiNkagE whiCh makes a servanT FiguRe appear from behind a dooR undeR tHE peaCOcK and oFfer soaP. whEN MorE wAtEr iS uSEd, A secoNd fLoat at a Higher leveL trIpS and causes thE ApPearance of A seCond servant fIguRe — with A tOweL!" al-JazAri Thus aPpears TO have bEen the firSt INventoR To displAY An InteRest in creating humAN-lIKe machines for pRacticAl PUrPOSes SucH as manipulAtIng thE EnvironMEnT FOR huMAn comfort.

In 1066, thE Chinese invENtoR Su SonG bUilT A water Clock In THe fOrm of a tower WhicH featured MechanICal figuRInes whiCh chimEd tHe hOurs.

sAmArAngAnA sutRAdHarA, A SaNskrit trEaTiSe by BHoja (11TH CENturY), inCludEs a chApter about the ConStruCTioN of meChaniCal cOnTrivaNces (auTomatA), iNcluding mechaniCal bEes and birDs, fOuNtaInS shapED like hUmaNs aNd animaLs, and maLE anD fEMALe Dolls that refilled oIl LAMpS, danced, pLayed iNStRuMEnts, and rE-eNacTed sCENes frOm HiNDu MythologY.

VillaRD dE HOnnecouRt, In his 1230s SkEtcHboOk, depICted An earlY escapemEnt meCHanism in a drawiNG titled How to mAKe AN AnGEl keEp pOinting his fIngeR TowaRd thE suN wiTH an anGel thAt WOuLD perpetually turn to fAcE the suN. He alSo drew an automAton of a birD WITh jointeD winGS, wHIch led to their dEsign ImplementaTIon in cloCks.

At The end of The thirteENTh centurY, RoBerT II, couNT Of artois built a pLEAsurE gArden at His Castle aT HeSdiN thAt iNcOrporated Several aUtOmAtA aS enTertaINment in tHe WalLeD paRk. The WOrk was ConduCted By LoCAl wOrkmen aND oVERseeN bY tHe ItAliAn KnighT RenAUd COignet. IT included MonKEy maRiOnEttes, a sUndial supportEd By lions and "WiLd mEn", mechANIzed birdS, mechanized fountains and A Bellows-OpeRated OrgaN. The park wAs fAmed foR itS AutomaTa well Into tHe FifTEEnth cENTuRy bEfOre it was deSTRoyEd by ENgLish SoldierS in the sixteenth.

The cHinEse author Xiao xun WrotE THaT whEN tHE MiNg dYnaSTY founder Hongwu (r. 1368–1398) Was destroyInG ThE palaces of kHanBaLiq beloNging to The prEVious YuAn Dynasty, There were —AmOng mANY otHer mechaniCal devicEs— automatA Found THaT were In tHe shapE oF tiGers.

REnaissANce And eaRly modErN

The ReNaissAnCe witnesSed a considerable revival Of inteRest iN auTomata. HerO's tREatIses were eDiteD and translAteD inTo LatIn aND ItalIan.
 basin fills the hollow ba se a float  rise s a ndac tuat es a  linkage which make s a servant figure app ear f ro m  beh i nd  a do or unde r  t h e  pe ac oc k a nd of fer s oap . Whenmore water  is  u sed, a secon d  f loat at ahig her level tr ips  and c au ses the a ppe aranc e of a second  servantfi g ure —w ith a t o w el !" A l-Jazari thus app e ar s  to have beenthe fi rs t  i n v ent orto display  a n int e rest in cr e a t ing human-like ma chines forp rac ticalpu rpo s es suc h asma n ipu lating theenvi ronment f or hum a n comfo r t.

In1066,the  Ch ines e  i nv ent or SuS on g b u ilt  a water  c lo ck in  the f o r m of  atowe r whi ch featured m ech anic a l f iguri nes w hich  c himed  the h ours. 
Samarangana Sut radh ara, a Sa nsk ri t t re atise by Bho ja(11 th cent ury), i n clu de s a  c hapter about the c on s t ru ction of  mecha n ic al contriva nc es(aut o m ata),  inc l ud ing mech anical be es  and bi rd s, fou nt ain s s haped like  human s and an imals ,  and male andf emale dolls t h at r ef i lled  oi l lamps, da nced ,  pla yedi ns tru m ents,  andre - en a cted scenes from Hi nd u myth ology .

Villard de  Honnecour t , in his 1 230s sk e tchbook, depic ted a n early es c apementmecha nism ina drawing t itled Ho w t o m ake  an a ng el keep point i n g hi sfingertow ard the  Su n w ith  an  a ngel that  would p er pe tu al lyturnt o face t he  su n.  He  also drew a n aut omat on  o f  abird wi t hj o inte dwi ngs,  wh ic h led  tot hei r desig n impleme nta t ionin  c locks.
At the end o fthe thirte en thcentur y ,  RobertII, Count of Artois bui l t a ple asu re ga rden  at his c ast le atHes d in tha t inco rpora te d s e v erala u to mat aas enterta i n men t inth e wa lled pa rk. The work was c o ndu cted by local  wo rkme n an d o v er s een  b y  th e Italian knightRenaud Coi gn e t.  It includ e d m on key mar ionette s, as undialsupported  by lions  a nd " w i ldmen", mech anized b irds, mec h anize d  f ounta ins  and a  b ell ows-o perate d  or gan.The pa rk  was f amedfo r its au tomata well into the fi fteent h cen tur y beforeitw asdestroyed  byEnglish so ldi ers  in t hes ixtee nth. 
T heC hines e au t hor XiaoX un  wr o t ethat when t h e Min g Dyn ast y  found er H ongwu (r. 1368–13 9 8) was destroy ingt h e p ala c es o fKhanbaliq belo ngi ng t o the pr ev ious Yuan D ynasty,th e re we re —am ong ma ny othe r me c hanica l de vic es— autom ata  f o und tha twe r e in t he s ha pe oftigers . 

Re n a issance and earl y mod e r n

Th e  Re naiss an ce witn e ssed  a conside rable reviv al ofinte restin auto ma ta. He ro' streatisesw ere edite d and  transl at ed i nto  Latin  and I talia n.
 basin_fills the_hollow base a float_rises and_actuates_a linkage_which_makes a servant_figure appear from_behind a door under_the peacock and_offer_soap. When more water is used, a second float at a higher level trips_and_causes the_appearance_of_a second servant figure —_with a towel!" Al-Jazari thus_appears to_have been the first inventor to display an_interest_in creating human-like_machines for practical purposes such as manipulating the environment_for human comfort.

In 1066, the Chinese_inventor Su Song_built_a_water clock in the_form of a tower which featured_mechanical figurines which chimed the hours.

Samarangana_Sutradhara, a Sanskrit treatise by Bhoja (11th_century), includes a chapter about the_construction of mechanical contrivances (automata),_including mechanical_bees and birds, fountains shaped_like humans and_animals, and_male and female_dolls that refilled oil lamps, danced,_played instruments, and_re-enacted scenes from Hindu mythology.

Villard de_Honnecourt,_in his 1230s_sketchbook,_depicted_an early_escapement mechanism in_a_drawing titled_How_to make an angel keep pointing_his_finger toward the Sun with an angel_that would perpetually turn_to_face the sun. He_also drew an automaton of_a bird with jointed wings, which_led to_their design_implementation in clocks.

At the end of the thirteenth century, Robert II,_Count of Artois built a pleasure_garden at his castle_at Hesdin_that_incorporated several automata_as_entertainment in_the walled park. The work was conducted_by local_workmen and overseen by the Italian_knight Renaud Coignet. It_included_monkey marionettes, a sundial supported by_lions and "wild men", mechanized birds,_mechanized fountains and a bellows-operated_organ._The_park was famed for its_automata well into the fifteenth century_before it was_destroyed by English soldiers in the sixteenth.

The_Chinese_author Xiao Xun wrote that when_the_Ming Dynasty founder Hongwu (r. 1368–1398)_was_destroying_the palaces of Khanbaliq belonging_to the previous Yuan Dynasty, there_were —among many other mechanical devices— automata found that_were in the_shape of tigers.

Renaissance and early_modern

The_Renaissance_witnessed a considerable revival of interest in automata. Hero's treatises_were edited_and translated into_Latin and Italian.