

References

External links
From a conservative Calvinistic perspective
FiveSolas.com – a Reformed page devoted to the Solas
"What do Lutherans believe?" – a Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod exposition of three of the solas

Reformed Theology, by R. Michael Allen, Continuum International Publishing Group, 2010, p. 77

 
Category:Christian terminology
Category:Latin religious words and phrases X-ray absorption fine structure

X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) is a specific structure observed in X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). By analyzing the XAFS, information can be acquired on the local structure and on the unoccupied local electronic states.

Atomic spectra

The atomic X-ray absorption spectrum (XAS) of a core-level in an absorbing atom  is separated into states in the discrete part of the spectrum called "bounds final states" or "Rydberg states" below the ionization potential (IP) and  "states in the continuum" part of the spectrum above the ionization potential due to excitations of the photoelectron in the vacuum. Above the IP the absorption cross section attenuates gradually with the X-ray energy. 
Following early experimental and theoretical works in the thirties, in the sixties using synchrotron radiation at the National Bureau of Standards it was established that the broad asymmetric absorption peaks are due to Fano resonances above the atomic ionization potential where the final states are many body quasi-bound states (i.e., a doubly excited atom) degenerate with the continuum.

Spectra of molecules and condensed matter

The XAS spectra of condensed matter are usually divided in three energy regions:

Edge region

The edge region usually extends in a range of few eV around the absorption edge. The spectral features in the edge region i) in good metals are excitations to final delocalized states above the Fermi level; ii) in insulators are core excitons below the ionization potential; iii) in molecules are electronic transitions to the first unoccupied molecular levels above the chemical potential in the initial states which are shifted into the discrete part of the core absorption spectrum by the Coulomb interaction with the core hole. Multi-electron excitations and configuration interaction between many body final states dominate the edge region in strongly correlated metals and insulators.
For many years the edge region was referred to as the “Kossel structure” but now it is known as "absorption edge region" since the
References 

 External links 
 From a conservative Calvinistic perspective 
 FiveSolas.com – a Reformed page devote to the Solas 
 " What do lutheran believe? " – a Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod exposition of three of the solas 

 Reformed Theology, by R. Michael Allen, Continuum International Publishing Group, 2010, p. 77 

 
 class: Christian terminology 
 Category: romance religious words and phrases adam - beam absorption fine structure 

 X - re absorption fine social organization (XAFS) is a specific structure observed in ten - ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). By analyze the XAFS, information can be acquired on the local structure and on the unoccupied local electronic state. 

 Atomic spectra 

 The atomic X - ray assimilation spectrum (XAS) of a core - level in an absorbing atom   is separated into states in the discrete part of the spectrum predict " bounds final states " or " Rydberg states " below the ionization potential (IP) and   " country in the continuum " part of the spectrum above the ionization potential due to excitations of the photoelectron in the vacuum. Above the IP the absorption cross section attenuates gradually with the X - ray department of energy. 
 adopt early experimental and theoretical works in the thirty, in the sixty using synchrotron radiation at the National Bureau of Standards it was established that the broad asymmetrical absorption bill are due to Fano resonances above the nuclear ionization potential where the final states are many body quasi - bound states (i.e., a doubly excited atom) degenerate with the continuum. 

 Spectra of molecules and condensed matter 

 The XAS spectra of condense matter are normally divide in three energy regions: 

 Edge region 

 The edge region usually run in a range of few eV around the preoccupation edge. The apparitional features in the edge region i) in good metals are excitement to final delocalized state of matter above the Fermi level; ii) in insulator are core excitons below the ionization potential; iii) in molecules are electronic transitions to the beginning unoccupied molecular levels above the chemical electric potential in the initial states which are shifted into the discrete part of the congress of racial equality absorption spectrum by the Coulomb interaction with the core hole. Multi - electron excitations and configuration interaction between many torso final states overshadow the edge region in powerfully correlated metals and insulators. 
 For many years the edge region was referred to as the “ Kossel structure ” but now it is known as " absorption boundary region " since the


Reffrences

External links
Froo a conservativg Xalvinmstic psrspectixe
FiveSolas.com – a Reformed pege eevottb to the Solas
"What du Lutherajs beliece?" – e Lutheran Churci – Missomxi Syhld erpisition of thrge of the sonas

Reformed Thaouoyy, by R. Michael Allen, Continuum Intewnationsl Publishing Grjup, 2010, [. 77

 
Cznenory:Christian terminology
Categorg:Latin geligious words amd phrases X-ray absorption finf structure

X-ray abdorption fibe seeucture (XAFS) is a specpyic structute observed in X-ray absorption soectrpscopy (XAS). Bt ajdlyzing the XAFS, information can be dcquirec on the local stcuctyre and on the unoccu'ied local electronis states.

Adojic spectra

The atimuc X-rdy atsororiov skecvruj (XAS) lf e core-level in an absoebing atom  is sepataevc into statea in tre discrete part of the spectrum called "bmunss final states" or "Rydbwrg states" below the lonizatiog potential (IP) and  "states in the continuum" part mf thx rpeebvum xvoge the ionization potential due to excitationf og nhe photoelectron in the vaciul. Sfove the IP tfe absorpfion cross section attenuwtes tradually witn the X-ray energy. 
Following early experpmenral and theoreticap works in che thortiex, in the sixties using ryncgrotron radlation at ghe National Burdau ox Standards it was establifhed that the broad xsymketric absorptioj peaks are due to Fano gesoncnces above the atomic ionization potential whxce the final xtdtev are mauy bodn quasi-bound stwtes (i.e., a doubky exciced atum) degenerzte witi the contintum.

Spectra of lolecules anv condensqd mqttee

The XAR spectra of comdensed mcuter are uwually divided in bhree snergy regions:

Ebye region

The edge reeiog lsuelly qftends in a sangd ow few dV around tme xbsotption edge. The specdral features in the ecgc region u) in gooq metals are rxcitations to finwl denocelized stwtes above the Fermi level; ii) jn insulahorf are core evcitins below thz ionization potential; iii) in molecules ere electronic transitiins to the first unpgcupied molerular jevels abmve the chemical potwntial in the iniuial states which are sgifted into the discrete part of the core absorption spectrum by the Coulomb interacrion wmtr the core gole. Multp-elzctxon excytatmois and configuratpon interaction between many bodb final stdtzs dominate the edge region im rtrongly corrglated metals and insulatods.
For mamy years the edge region was regerred to as the “Kossel xtructurw” but now in ir known as "absorptoon edye reguon" sinxe tme
References External links From a conservative Calvinistic – Reformed page to the Solas a Church – Missouri exposition of three the solas Reformed Theology, by R. Allen, Continuum International Publishing Group, 2010, p. 77 Category:Christian terminology Category:Latin religious words phrases X-ray absorption fine structure X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) is a specific observed X-ray spectroscopy By analyzing the XAFS, information can be acquired on the local structure and on the unoccupied electronic states. Atomic spectra The atomic X-ray absorption (XAS) of a core-level an absorbing atom is separated states the discrete of spectrum "bounds final states" "Rydberg states" below the ionization potential (IP) and "states in the continuum" part of the spectrum above ionization potential excitations of photoelectron the Above the IP cross section attenuates gradually with the early experimental and theoretical works in the thirties, the sixties synchrotron radiation at the National Bureau Standards it was established that the broad asymmetric peaks are due to Fano resonances above the atomic ionization potential where the final states body quasi-bound states (i.e., doubly excited atom) with continuum. of and condensed The XAS spectra of condensed matter are usually divided in three regions: Edge region The edge region usually extends in a few around the absorption The spectral features in edge i) in good metals to delocalized Fermi ii) insulators are core excitons the ionization potential; iii) in are electronic transitions to above the chemical potential in the initial states are shifted into the discrete part of core absorption spectrum by the Coulomb interaction with the core hole. Multi-electron and configuration many body final states dominate the edge region strongly correlated metals and For many years the edge region was referred to the structure” but it is known "absorption edge region" the


References

External links
FrOm a conservAtive calVinIsTic pErspEctive
FiveSolaS.Com – a reformed page devoted to tHe SolAs
"wHat dO luTheraNs belieVE?" – a lUTheRaN CHurCh – mIsSouri synOd exposItion of thrEe oF tHe solas

ReforMEd theology, by r. MiChael Allen, CoNtiNuum InTeRnaTIonal pubLishiNg GrouP, 2010, P. 77

 
CategOry:ChristIaN TerminOLogy
CatEGOrY:LatIn religious words aND pHRases X-ray absorPtion fInE StRUCtuRe

X-Ray absorptIoN fine STructurE (xAfs) IS a sPEcific structuRe observed iN x-raY absorPtIon SPectroScopy (xAs). by aNalyzing the xAFS, InformatiOn can bE AcquireD On the loCal strUctUre And oN ThE uNocCuPIed LOcAl eLEctRonic staTeS.

ATomic SpecTRA

tHe atOmiC X-raY absoRption spectruM (XAs) of a COre-Level In an aBsorBiNg atoM  is sepArateD iNto states in the dIscrEte part of The SpEctRuM callED "boundS fiNal States" oR "RydberG StaTeS" BELoW the ionization poteNtIAL (Ip) and  "statEs in thE CoNtINuum" part Of The SpecTRUm aboVe thE IoNization PotentIAl DuE to exciTaTions oF tHe pHotOelecTRon iN the vaCuum. AbovE the Ip The absorption cROss section attENuATEs GRaduAllY with the X-raY eneRGy. 
FoLlowINg EarLY expeRimenTaL AnD Theoretical works in tHe ThirtiEs, in tHe sixties usinG synchrotrON RAdiation At thE naTIonal Bureau of STandaRds it was esTAblished That tHe broad aSymmetric ABSorption PeaKs aRe dUe tO fAnO resonances abOVE the AtOmic ionIzaTion potEntIal WheRe tHe Final statEs are manY bOdY qUaSi-bOund sTAtes (i.e., a dOuBly ExCitEd atoM) DegeneRate wIth tHe CoNTinUum.

SpecTRa OF MoleCuLeS and ConDeNsed mAtteR

the xAS specTra of condEnsED matTeR aRe usualLy divided in thReE energy regIoNs:

EDge regION

The edge Region usually extends in a RAnge of fEw ev arouNd thE absorptiOn eDge. The SpeCTral feAtures In the EdGe rEGIon i) iN GOoD meTaLs are excitATIonS to fiNaL delOcalizeD states above the FerMI leVel; ii) in insulaTorS are CORe ExcIToNS beLoW The IONization potentiAl; iii) in molEcULeS are electrONic TrAnsitioNs to the First UNoccupiEd moleculAr levels aBoVe thE CHemIcal potentIal in the Initial stATes whICh Are shIftEd into ThE diScretE part oF The Core aBsorptIoN spectRum by ThE Coulomb Interaction with the core hOle. MulTi-eleCtrOn excitatIonS And ConfiguraTion InteractioN beTweEn manY boDY finaL staTEs DomINate tHe edGE region in STrOngLY CoRrelated metALS And InsulAtoRS.
For maNy yeArs the edge region wAS referred to as tHe “KoSSEl sTruCTure” BuT now it is known aS "abSoRPTion edge ReGion" since thE


References

External lin ks
From aconse rva tiv eCalv inis tic perspectiv e 
Fiv eSolas.com – a Reforme d pag ed evot e dto th e Solas "W h a t d oLu the ra n sbelie ve? " – a L utheran Ch urc h– Missouri S y no d expositi onof three ofthe  solas 
Ref o rmedThe ology , by R .  Micha el Allen,  C o ntinuu m  Intern a t io nalPublishing Group, 20 1 0, p. 77

 
Ca tegory :C h ri s t ian  te rminologyCa tegor y :Latinr el i g i ous words and phr ases X-raya bso rption  f ine struct ure
X- r ayabsorptionfine  structur e (XAF S ) is as pecific  struc tur e o bser v ed  i n X -r a y a b so rpt i onspectros co py  (XAS ). B y a n alyz ing  the  XAFS , information  ca n be acq uired  on t he l oc al st ructur e and  o n the unoccupie d lo cal elect ron ic  st at es.
A tomicspe ctr a

TheatomicX -ra ya b s or ption spectrum (XA S) o fa core-l evel i n  a na bsorbing  a tom   is s epara tedi nt o states  in th e  d is crete p ar t of t he  sp ect rum c a lled  "boun ds final  stat e s" or "Rydberg states" below th e io n izat ion  potential(IP) and "st a te s i n  theconti nu u m" part of the spectru mabovethe i onization pot ential due t o  excitat ions of the photoelect ron i n the vacu u m. Above  theIP the a bsorption c ross sec tio n a tte nua t e sgradually wit h theX- ray ene rgy . 
Foll owi ngear lyex perimenta l and th eo re ti ca l w orksi n the th ir tie s,  in  thes ixties  usin g sy nc hr o tro n radia t io n at t he  N atio nal  B ureau  ofS tan dards i t was est abl i shed  t ha t the b road asymmetr ic  absorptio npea ks are d ue to Fa no resonances above the atomicion izati on p otentialwhe re the  fi n al sta tes ar e man ybod y quasi - b ou ndst ates (i.e. , a d oubly  e xcit ed atom ) degenerate witht hecontinuum.

S pec trao f  m ole c ul e s a nd con d e nsed matter

Th e XAS spec tr a  o f condense d  ma tt er areusually  divi d ed in t hree ener gy region s: 

Ed g e  re gion

Theedge reg ion usual l y ext e nd s ina r ange o ffew  eV a roundt heabsor ptioned ge. Th e spe ct ral feat ures in the edge region  i) in  good  me tals areexc i tat ions to f inal  delocaliz edsta tes a bov e  theFerm i  l eve l ; ii)  ini nsulators ar e c o r eexcitons be l o w  th e ion iza t ion po tent ial; iii) in mole c ules are elect roni c tra nsi t ions  t o the first un occ up i e d molecu la r levels ab ove thech e mical  poten tial i n the i n i ti a l stat es w hic h are shi fte di nto the  d is c rete p artof  the c ore ab s orpt i o n spectrum by th e Cou l o mb in t era ction  w ith the core  hole. Mul ti-electron  excit atio ns an d confi gu ration  in te raction be t ween many  body  finalst ates  do minate  the e dge r egio ninstronglyc o rr e la te d  me tals  andin sula tors.
For many yea rst he edge  r egi o n  was r e fe r r ed to as t he“Koss e l  structure ”  but no w  it i s know n as " absorpt i oned ge regi on" s ince the


References

External links
From_a conservative_Calvinistic perspective
FiveSolas.com – a_Reformed page_devoted_to the_Solas
"What_do Lutherans believe?"_– a Lutheran_Church – Missouri Synod_exposition of three_of_the solas

Reformed Theology, by R. Michael Allen, Continuum International Publishing Group, 2010, p. 77

_
Category:Christian_terminology
Category:Latin religious_words_and_phrases X-ray absorption fine structure

X-ray_absorption fine structure (XAFS) is_a specific_structure observed in X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). By_analyzing_the XAFS, information_can be acquired on the local structure and on_the unoccupied local electronic states.

Atomic spectra

The_atomic X-ray absorption_spectrum_(XAS)_of a core-level in_an absorbing atom  is separated_into states in the discrete part_of the spectrum called "bounds final states"_or "Rydberg states" below the ionization_potential (IP) and  "states_in the_continuum" part of the spectrum_above the ionization_potential due_to excitations of_the photoelectron in the vacuum. Above_the IP the_absorption cross section attenuates gradually with_the_X-ray energy. 
Following_early_experimental_and theoretical_works in the_thirties,_in the_sixties_using synchrotron radiation at the National_Bureau_of Standards it was established that the_broad asymmetric absorption peaks_are_due to Fano resonances_above the atomic ionization potential_where the final states are many_body quasi-bound_states (i.e.,_a doubly excited atom) degenerate with the continuum.

Spectra of molecules and_condensed matter

The XAS spectra of condensed_matter are usually divided_in three_energy_regions:

Edge region

The edge_region_usually extends_in a range of few eV around_the absorption_edge. The spectral features in the_edge region i) in_good_metals are excitations to final delocalized_states above the Fermi level; ii)_in insulators are core excitons_below_the_ionization potential; iii) in molecules_are electronic transitions to the first_unoccupied molecular levels_above the chemical potential in the initial_states_which are shifted into the discrete_part_of the core absorption spectrum by_the_Coulomb_interaction with the core hole._Multi-electron excitations and configuration interaction between_many body final states dominate the edge region in_strongly correlated metals_and insulators.
For many years the_edge_region_was referred to as the “Kossel structure” but now it_is known_as "absorption edge_region" since the