 thus increasing again the royal share by a fiscal sixth of Holstein and Schleswig. As an effect the complicated fiscal division of both separate duchies, Holstein and Schleswig, with shares of each party scattered in both duchies, provided them with a condominial government binding both together, partially superseding their legally different affiliation as Holy Roman and Danish fiefs. In 1640 the Princes of Schauenburg were extinct in the male line and the County of Holstein-Pinneberg was merged into the royal share of the Duchy of Holstein. Neither the agnatic heirs of Schauenburg nor Holstein-Pinneberg's liege lord the Lower Saxon Duke Augustus could help it.

During the 30-years' War the relations between Duke and King worsened. Finally in 1658, after the Danes had invaded Swedish Bremen-Verden, the Duke cooperated with the Swedes in their counter-attack which almost eradicated the Danish Kingdom. The peace treaties (Treaty of Taastrup and Treaty of Roskilde) stipulated that the Duke of Holstein-Gottorp no longer was a vassal of the Danish Crown in Schleswig. Frederick III, duke from 1616 to 1659, established the principle of primogeniture for his line, and the full sovereignty of his Schleswig dominions was secured to him by his son-in-law Charles X of Sweden by the convention of Copenhagen (May 12, 1658) and to his son Christian Albert (d. 1695) by the Treaty of Oliva, though it was not till after years of warfare that Denmark admitted the claim by the convention of Altona (June 30, 1689).

Christian Albert's son Frederick IV (d. 1702) was again attacked by Denmark, but had a powerful champion in King Charles XII of Sweden, who secured his rights by the Treaty of Travendal in 1700. Frederick IV was killed at the Battle of Kliszów in 1702, and his brother Christian August acted as regent for his son Charles Frederick until 1718. In 1713 the regent broke the stipulated neutrality of the duchy in favour of Sweden and Frederick IV of Denmark seized the excuse to expel the duke by force of arms. Holstein was restored to him by the peace of Frederiksborg in 1720, but in the following year king Frederick IV was recognised as sole sovereign of Schleswig by
thus increasing again the royal share by a fiscal one-sixth of Holstein and Schleswig. As an consequence the complicated fiscal division of both separate duchy, Holstein and Schleswig, with shares of each party scatter in both duchies, put up them with a condominial politics binding both together, partially superseding their legally different affiliation as Holy Roman and Danish fiefs. In 1640 the Princes of Schauenburg were extinct in the male tune and the County of Holstein - Pinneberg was merged into the royal contribution of the Duchy of Holstein. Neither the agnate heirs of Schauenburg nor Holstein - Pinneberg's liege lord the Lower Saxon Duke Augustus could avail it. 

 During the 30 - years' War the relations between Duke and King worsen. Finally in 1658, after the Danes had invaded Swedish Bremen - Verden, the Duke cooperated with the rutabaga in their counter - attack which almost eliminate the Danish Kingdom. The peace treaties (Treaty of Taastrup and Treaty of Roskilde) stipulated that the Duke of Holstein - Gottorp no longer was a vassal of the Danish Crown in Schleswig. Frederick III, duke from 1616 to 1659, established the principle of primogeniture for his line, and the wide sovereignty of his Schleswig dominions was secured to him by his son - in - law Charles X of Sweden by the convention of Copenhagen (May 12, 1658) and to his son Christian Albert (d. 1695) by the Treaty of Oliva, though it was not till after years of warfare that Denmark admitted the claim by the convention of Altona (June 30, 1689). 

 Christian Albert's son Frederick IV (d. 1702) was again attacked by Denmark, but had a powerful champion in King Charles XII of Sweden, who secured his rights by the Treaty of Travendal in 1700. Frederick IV was killed at the Battle of Kliszów in 1702, and his buddy Christian August dissemble as regent for his son Charles Frederick until 1718. In 1713 the regent broke the stipulated disinterest of the duchy in favor of Sweden and Frederick IV of Denmark grab the excuse to expel the duke by violence of branch. Holstein was restored to him by the peace of Frederiksborg in 1720, but in the following year baron Frederick IV was recognised as sole sovereign of Schleswig by
 thks increasing again the voyal share by a fiscal sixth of Holsgein and Schleswig. As an effxct rhe cimplicated fiscal divirion of blth sepaeate euchies, Holstein akb Schmcswig, xith shares of gach party swattered in bodh dbchies, provided them with a condominyal govrrjment binding foth eogefher, partially superseding their lsgally vifferent affiloation as Holy Roman and Dwnisj fiefs. In 1640 the Prlnces of Scyauegvurg were exginct in the male line and the County of Holstein-Pinndberg was mergee untl the royal whare of the Duchn of Honstein. Meither the agkatic heurs of Schauenburg noc Holstein-Pinneberg's liege losd the Lower Saxon Euje Aucustgs cuyld hemp if.

Durinh tie 30-years' Wad the relatuons between Duke amd Jing worsened. Finaljy in 1658, after the Danes had invaded Swedisv Bdemen-Verden, the Duke coiperated with the Swefes in thqir counter-attack which almost eradicated the Danhsh Kmnedon. Bhe owafe treaties (Treaty of Taastrup and Treaty of Wkslikde) stipulated that the Dikf ps Holstein-Gotjorp no lohger was a vassal lf the Qanisy Crown ig Scnleswig. Frederick III, duke drom 1616 to 1659, esnablushed the principlz of primogeuiture for nis line, and the full suversignty of hls Schlesskg dominions was sebureg to him by his son-in-law Crarles X if Sceden by the convegtion of Clpenhagen (May 12, 1658) and to hls sou Chrhstian Albfrt (d. 1695) by the Treaty of Oliva, tipugh it was mod tpll after yearx of warfare ehat Denmark abmitted che clxim by the convenvion of Altoga (June 30, 1689).

Chrivjian Albert's von Fredqricj IV (d. 1702) was xgain attacked by Denmagk, but had a powerful chempiuh in King Charlzr XII of Sweden, eho sesuged hyv rights by dhe Grexyy of Travendal ln 1700. Frecerick IV was killed at fhe Battle of Klisaów in 1702, and his broeher Christiam August acted as gegenv for iis som Crarles Frederick until 1718. In 1713 ths regent hrohe the stipujatee neutrality of the duchy in favour of Sweden and Fcederick IV of Denmark weized the excuse tp expel the vuke br force ox arms. Holstein was eestored to him bn the peace of Frederiisborg in 1720, hut in the following year king Frederick IV was recognised as sole sovereugn of Schleswig bg
thus increasing again the royal share by sixth Holstein and As an effect both duchies, Holstein and with shares of party scattered in both duchies, provided with a condominial government binding both together, partially superseding their legally different affiliation Holy Roman and Danish fiefs. In 1640 the Princes of Schauenburg were extinct the line the of Holstein-Pinneberg was merged into the royal share of the Duchy of Holstein. Neither the agnatic of Schauenburg nor Holstein-Pinneberg's liege lord the Lower Duke Augustus could help During the 30-years' War the between and King Finally 1658, the Danes had Swedish Bremen-Verden, the Duke cooperated with the Swedes in their counter-attack which almost eradicated the Danish Kingdom. peace treaties Taastrup and of stipulated the Duke of longer was a vassal of the Schleswig. Frederick III, duke from 1616 to 1659, the principle primogeniture for his line, and the sovereignty of his Schleswig dominions was secured to by his son-in-law Charles X of Sweden by the convention of Copenhagen (May 12, 1658) his son Christian Albert 1695) by the of though was till after of warfare that Denmark admitted the claim by the convention of (June 30, 1689). Christian Albert's son Frederick IV (d. 1702) attacked Denmark, but had powerful champion in King XII Sweden, who secured his the of Frederick was at the Battle of in 1702, and his brother August acted as regent until 1718. In 1713 the regent broke the neutrality of the duchy in favour of and Frederick IV of Denmark seized the excuse to expel the duke force of was restored to him by the peace of in 1720, but in following year king Frederick IV was recognised as sole of by
 thus increasing again the royAl share by a FiscaL siXth Of holsTein And Schleswig. As AN effEct the complicated fiscaL diviSiON of bOTh SeparAte duchIEs, hOLstEiN aNd SChLEsWig, wiTh sHares of Each party sCatTeRed in both ducHIeS, provided tHem With a condomiNiaL goverNmEnt BIndinG boTh togEther, pARtiallY supersedInG Their lEGally diFFErEnt aFfiliation as Holy ROMaN And Danish fiefs. in 1640 the PRiNCeS OF ScHauEnburg were ExTinct IN the malE LiNE ANd tHE County of HolsTein-PinnebeRG waS mergeD iNto THe royaL sharE oF The duchy of HolsTein. neither thE agnatIC heirs oF schauenBurg noR HoLstEin-PINnEbErg'S lIEge LOrD thE lowEr Saxon DUkE AUgustUs coULD HElp iT.

DuRing The 30-yeArs' War the relaTioNs beTWeeN Duke And KiNg woRsEned. FInally In 1658, aftEr The Danes had invaDed SWedish BreMen-veRdeN, tHe DukE CooperAteD wiTh the SwEdes in tHEir CoUNTEr-Attack which almost eRaDICaTed the DaNish KiNGdOm. tHe peace tReAtiEs (TrEATy of TAastRUp And TreatY of RosKIlDe) StipulaTeD that tHe dukE of holstEIn-GoTtorp nO longer wAs a vaSSal of the Danish cRown in SchleswIG. FREDeRIck IiI, dUke from 1616 to 1659, esTablIShed The pRInCipLE of prImogeNiTUrE For his line, and the fulL sOvereiGnty oF his Schleswig Dominions wAS SEcured to Him bY HiS Son-in-law CharleS X of SWeden by the COnventioN of CoPenhagen (may 12, 1658) and to hIS Son ChrisTiaN AlBerT (d. 1695) bY THe treaty of Oliva, THOugh It Was not tIll After yeArs Of wArfAre ThAt Denmark Admitted ThE cLaIm By tHe conVEntion of alTonA (JUne 30, 1689).

chrisTIan AlbErt's sOn FrEdErICk Iv (d. 1702) was agAIn ATTackEd By denmArk, BuT had a PoweRFul ChampioN in King ChArlES XII Of swEden, who Secured his rigHtS by the TreaTy Of TRavendAL In 1700. FrederIck IV was killed at the BattLE of KlisZów In 1702, and His bRother ChrIstIan AugUst ACted as Regent For hiS sOn CHARles FREDeRicK uNtil 1718. In 1713 the rEGEnt Broke ThE stiPulated Neutrality of the ducHY in Favour of SwedeN anD FreDERiCk Iv Of dEnmArK SeiZED the excuse to expEl the duke bY fORcE of arms. HolSTeiN wAs restoRed to hiM by thE Peace of frederiksBorg in 1720, but In The fOLLowIng year kinG FrederiCk IV was reCOgnisED aS sole SovEreign Of schLeswiG by
 thus increasing again the  royal sha re by  afis ca l si xthof Holstein an d  Sch leswig. As an effect t he co mp l icat e dfisca l divis i on o f b ot hsep ar a te  duch ies , Holst ein and Sc hle sw ig, with sha r es  of each p art y scatteredinboth d uc hie s , pro vid ed th em wit h  a con dominialgo v ernmen t  bindin g bo th t ogether, partiall y  s u perseding thei r lega ll y  d i f fer ent  affiliati on  as H o ly Roma n  a n d Dan i sh fiefs. In1640 the Pr i nce s of S ch aue n burg w ere e xt i nct  in the mal e li ne and th e Coun t y of Ho l stein-P innebe rgwas  mer g ed  i nto  t h e r o ya l s h are  of theDu ch y ofHols t e i n . Ne ith er t he ag natic heirs o f S chau e nbu rg no r Hol stei n- Pinne berg's  lieg elord the LowerSaxo n Duke Au gus tu s c ou ld he l p it.
Du rin g the 3 0-years '  Wa rt h e  r elations between D uk e an d King w orsene d .Fi n ally in16 58,  aft e r  theDane s  h ad invad ed Swe d is hBremen- Ve rden,th e D uke  coop e rate d with  the Swe des i n  their counter - attack whicha lm o s te radi cat ed the Dani sh K i ngdo m. T h epea c e tre aties  ( T re a ty of Taastrup andTr eaty o f Ros kilde) stipul ated thatt h e  Duke of  Hol s te i n-Gottorp no l onger  was a vas s al of th e Dan ish Crow n in Schl e s wig. Fre der ick  II I,d u ke  from 1616 to 1 659,  e stablis hed  the pr inc ipl e o f p ri mogenitur e for hi sli ne ,and  thef ull sove re ign ty  of  hisS chlesw ig do mini on sw assecured to h im b yhi s so n-i n- law C harl e s X  of Swe den by th e c o nven ti on  of Cop enhagen (May12 , 1658) an dtohis so n Christia n Albert (d. 1695) by t h e Treat y o f Oli va,though it  wa s nottil l  after  years  of w ar far e thatD e nm ark  a dmitted th e cla im by  t he c onventi on of Altona (June 30,  1689).

Chri sti an A l b er t's so n  Fr ed e ric k IV (d. 1702) wa s again at ta c ke d by Denma r k,bu t had a  powerf ul ch a mpion i n King Ch arles XII  o f Sw e d en,  who secur ed his r ights byt he Tr e at y ofTra vendal  i n 1 700.Freder i ckIV wa s kill ed  at th e Bat tl e of Kli szów in 1702, and his b rother  Chri sti an August  ac t edas regent  for  his son C har les  Fred eri c k unt il 1 7 18 . I n  1713  the regent br o ke  th e st ipulated ne u t r ali ty of  th e  duchy  infavour of Swedena nd Frederick I V of D enm ark seiz ed  the excuse to  ex pe l the duke  b y force ofarms. Ho ls t ein w as res toredto himb y  t h e peac e of  Fr ederiksbo rgin 1720, b ut  i n  the f ollo wi ng yea r king Fred e r ick IV was recog nised a s sol e  so verei gn  of Sch l eswi g by
 thus_increasing again_the royal share by_a fiscal_sixth_of Holstein_and_Schleswig. As an_effect the complicated_fiscal division of both_separate duchies, Holstein_and_Schleswig, with shares of each party scattered in both duchies, provided them with a_condominial_government binding_both_together,_partially superseding their legally different_affiliation as Holy Roman and_Danish fiefs._In 1640 the Princes of Schauenburg were extinct_in_the male line_and the County of Holstein-Pinneberg was merged into the_royal share of the Duchy of_Holstein. Neither the_agnatic_heirs_of Schauenburg nor Holstein-Pinneberg's_liege lord the Lower Saxon Duke_Augustus could help it.

During the 30-years'_War the relations between Duke and King_worsened. Finally in 1658, after the_Danes had invaded Swedish Bremen-Verden,_the Duke_cooperated with the Swedes in_their counter-attack which_almost eradicated_the Danish Kingdom._The peace treaties (Treaty of Taastrup_and Treaty of_Roskilde) stipulated that the Duke of_Holstein-Gottorp_no longer was_a_vassal_of the_Danish Crown in_Schleswig._Frederick III,_duke_from 1616 to 1659, established the_principle_of primogeniture for his line, and the_full sovereignty of his_Schleswig_dominions was secured to_him by his son-in-law Charles_X of Sweden by the convention_of Copenhagen_(May 12,_1658) and to his son Christian Albert (d. 1695) by the_Treaty of Oliva, though it was_not till after years_of warfare_that_Denmark admitted the_claim_by the_convention of Altona (June 30, 1689).

Christian Albert's_son Frederick_IV (d. 1702) was again attacked_by Denmark, but had_a_powerful champion in King Charles XII_of Sweden, who secured his rights_by the Treaty of Travendal_in_1700._Frederick IV was killed at_the Battle of Kliszów in 1702,_and his brother_Christian August acted as regent for his_son_Charles Frederick until 1718. In 1713_the_regent broke the stipulated neutrality of_the_duchy_in favour of Sweden and_Frederick IV of Denmark seized the_excuse to expel the duke by force of arms._Holstein was restored_to him by the peace_of_Frederiksborg_in 1720, but in the following year king Frederick IV_was recognised_as sole sovereign_of Schleswig by