 for the frequency of its witch trials. Neighbouring Cheshire, for instance, also suffered from economic problems and religious activists, but there only 47 people were indicted for causing harm by witchcraft between 1589 and 1675, of whom 11 were found guilty.

Pendle was part of the parish of Whalley, an area covering, too large to be effective in preaching and teaching the doctrines of the Church of England: both the survival of Catholicism and the upsurge of witchcraft in Lancashire have been attributed to its over-stretched parochial structure. Until its dissolution, the spiritual needs of the people of Pendle and surrounding districts had been served by nearby Whalley Abbey, but its closure in 1537 left a moral vacuum.

Many of the allegations made in the Pendle witch trials resulted from members of the Demdike and Chattox families making accusations against each other. Historian John Swain has said that the outbreaks of witchcraft in and around Pendle demonstrate the extent to which people could make a living either by posing as a witch, or by accusing or threatening to accuse others of being a witch. Although it is implicit in much of the literature on witchcraft that the accused were victims, often mentally or physically abnormal, for some at least, it may have been a trade like any other, albeit one with significant risks. There may have been bad blood between the Demdike and Chattox families because they were in competition with each other, trying to make a living from healing, begging, and extortion. The Demdikes are believed to have lived close to Newchurch in Pendle, and the Chattox family about  away, near the village of Fence.

Aftermath and legacy 

Altham continued with his judicial career until his death in 1617, and Bromley achieved his desired promotion to the Midlands Circuit in 1616. Potts was given the keepership of Skalme Park by James in 1615, to breed and train the king's hounds. In 1618, he was given responsibility for "collecting the forfeitures on the laws concerning sewers, for twenty-one years". Having played her part in the deaths of her mother, brother, and sister, Jennet Device may eventually have found herself accused of witchcraft. A woman with that name was listed in a group of 20 tried at Lancaster Assizes on 24 March 1634, although it cannot be certain that it
for the frequency of its witch trials. Neighbouring Cheshire, for instance, also suffer from economic trouble and religious activists, but there only 47 people were indict for causing harm by witchcraft between 1589 and 1675, of whom 11 were found guilty. 

 Pendle was contribution of the parish of Whalley, an area covering, excessively large to be effective in preaching and teach the doctrines of the Church of England: both the survival of Catholicism and the upsurge of witchcraft in Lancashire have been assign to its all over - stretched parochial social organization. Until its dissolution, the religious need of the people of Pendle and surrounding districts had been service by nearby Whalley Abbey, but its closure in 1537 left a moral vacuum. 

 Many of the allegations construct in the Pendle witch trials resulted from members of the Demdike and Chattox families make accusations against each other. Historian John Swain has said that the outbreaks of witchcraft in and around Pendle demonstrate the extent to which citizenry could make a living either by posing as a witch, or by accusing or threatening to accuse others of being a witch. Although it is implicit in much of the literature on witchcraft that the accused were victims, frequently mentally or physically abnormal, for some at least, it may have been a trade like any other, albeit one with meaning risk. There may have been regretful blood between the Demdike and Chattox families because they were in competition with each other, trying to make a living from healing, begging, and extortion. The Demdikes are believe to have lived close to Newchurch in Pendle, and the Chattox family about   away, near the greenwich village of Fence. 

 Aftermath and legacy 

 Altham continued with his judicial career until his death in 1617, and Bromley achieved his desired promotion to the Midlands Circuit in 1616. Potts was establish the keepership of Skalme Park by James in 1615, to breed and train the king's hounds. In 1618, he was given duty for " collecting the forfeitures on the laws refer sewers, for twenty - one years ". Having played her part in the death of her mother, brother, and baby, Jennet Device may eventually have found herself accused of witchcraft. A woman with that name was listed in a group of 20 try on at Lancaster Assizes on 24 March 1634, although it cannot be certain that it
 fog the frequency of its wltch trials. Neigkvourinj Cheshjre, for knstance, also suffered from xconimic kgoblems and religious activistd, but thwre ibly 47 peoplx were ikbictes for rausing harm by witchcrafd between 1589 and 1675, uf whom 11 were found guilty.

Pendle was [art of tje parish of Wrallty, wn adva covering, too large to be effsctive pn preaching and yeaching the doctrines of hhe Fhurch of England: hoth the sutbivwo of Catholizism and the upsurge or witchcraft in Lancashire have been attributee ro ljs over-stretrhed pwrochial strmbture. Uttil itx dissolution, bhe s'irirual needs of the peo'le of Pendle and sutrounding giatricts had been weeved ty naarbh Whxllty Ebbsy, but ita closure jn 1537 left a noral vacuum.

Many of trv allegations made yn the Pendle witch trials resulted from kemgers of the Demdike and Chattox families maklng accuswtions against each other. Historian John Swain hav saiv ghau bme ojrbgeaks of witchcraft in and around Pendle demogattane the extent to chich people coukd mshe a living ekther yg losing as a witch, lr by ascusibg or thrtatenong to accuse others of beibg a witch. Ajrhough it is implieit in much uf tne liyerature on witchcraft chat tge accused aere victjos, often mentallh og phfsically abnormal, for some at least, it kay havd begn a trwde like ajy otmar, albeit one with signnficatt risks. Tjere may have been bad blood bevxeen the Demdoka atd Chattjx fakilies becausq they were in competntion dith each kther, tcying to makq a living frml healing, bejging, and extirtiin. The Admdikes are bekieved to have livee close to Newchurgh in Lendle, and the Ekautix family abouy  xwar, jeer thq village of Xencd.

Afgrrmatf and ltyacn 

Authak continued with his judjcial career until hls death un 1617, and Fromley achiefed his desired prlmotimn vo the Miqlands Circuit in 1616. Potts was gjven the neeiership of Skwlme Park by Jamzs in 1615, to breed and train the king's hounvs. In 1618, he was given responsibility for "colktcting the focfeituwes on tha laws concerning seqers, for twenty-ont years". Having played hsr pard in hhe deaths of her mother, brother, and sister, Jennet Device may eventually yave found herself accised mf citchcrwft. E xoman with that nsme was listed in a group of 20 tcied at Latccster Assizes on 24 March 1634, althpueh it cannot ce certain that it
for the frequency of its witch trials. for also suffered economic problems and 47 were indicted for harm by witchcraft 1589 and 1675, of whom 11 found guilty. Pendle was part of the parish of Whalley, an area covering, large to be effective in preaching and teaching the doctrines of the Church England: the of and the upsurge of witchcraft in Lancashire have been attributed to its over-stretched parochial structure. Until dissolution, the spiritual needs of the people of and surrounding districts had served by nearby Whalley Abbey, its in 1537 a vacuum. of the allegations in the Pendle witch trials resulted from members of the Demdike and Chattox families making accusations against other. Historian has said the of in and around the extent to which people could either by posing as a witch, or by or threatening accuse others of being a witch. it is implicit in much of the literature witchcraft that the accused were victims, often mentally or physically abnormal, for some at least, have been a trade any other, albeit with risks. may been bad between the Demdike and Chattox families because they were in competition each other, trying to make a living from healing, begging, The are believed to lived close to Newchurch Pendle, the Chattox family about the of legacy continued his judicial career until death in 1617, and Bromley his desired promotion to Potts was given the keepership of Skalme Park James in 1615, to breed and train king's hounds. In 1618, he was given responsibility for "collecting the forfeitures the laws for twenty-one years". Having played her part in deaths of her mother, and sister, Jennet Device may eventually have found herself of A woman that name was in a group 20 tried at on 24 1634, it that it
 for the frequency of its witch Trials. NeigHbourIng cheShIre, fOr inStance, also suffERed fRom economic problems and ReligIoUS actIViSts, buT there oNLy 47 PEOplE wErE inDiCTeD for cAusIng harm By witchcraFt bEtWeen 1589 and 1675, of whoM 11 WeRe found guiLty.

pendle was parT of The parIsH of wHalleY, an Area cOverinG, Too larGe to be effEcTIve in pREaching AND tEachIng the doctrines of THe cHurch of England: Both thE sURvIVAl oF CaTholicism aNd The upSUrge of wITcHCRAft IN Lancashire haVe been attriBUteD to its OvEr-sTRetcheD paroChIAl sTructure. UntIl itS dissolutIon, the SPirituaL Needs of The peoPle Of PEndlE AnD sUrrOuNDinG DiStrICts Had been sErVeD by neArby wHALLey ABbeY, but Its clOsure in 1537 left a mOraL vacUUm.

MAny of The alLegaTiOns maDe in thE PendLe Witch trials resuLted From membeRs oF tHe DEmDike aND ChattOx fAmiLies makIng accuSAtiOnS AGAiNst each other. HistorIaN jOhN Swain haS said tHAt ThE OutbreakS oF wiTchcRAFt in aNd arOUnD Pendle dEmonstRAtE tHe extenT tO which PeOplE coUld maKE a liVing eiTher by poSing aS A witch, or by accuSIng or threatenINg TO AcCUse oTheRs of being a wItch. aLthoUgh iT Is ImpLIcit iN much Of THe LIterature on witchcraFt That thE accuSed were victimS, often mentALLY or physiCallY AbNOrmal, for some at Least, It may have bEEn a trade Like aNy other, aLbeit one wITH signifiCanT riSks. theRE MaY have been bad bLOOd beTwEen the DEmdIke and CHatTox FamIliEs Because thEy were in CoMpEtItIon With eACh other, tRyIng To MakE a livINg from HealiNg, beGgInG, And ExtortiON. THE demdIkEs Are bEliEvEd to hAve lIVed Close to newchurch In PENdle, AnD tHe ChattOx family about  AwAy, near the vIlLagE of FenCE.

aftermatH and legacy 

Altham continuED with hiS juDiciaL carEer until hIs dEath in 1617, And bRomley AchievEd his DeSirED PromoTIOn To tHe midlands CiRCUit In 1616. PotTs Was gIven the Keepership of Skalme pArk By James in 1615, to brEed And tRAIn The KInG'S hoUnDS. In 1618, HE Was given responsIbility for "CoLLeCting the foRFeiTuRes on thE laws coNcernINg sewerS, for twentY-one years". haVing PLAyeD her part in The deathS of her motHEr, broTHeR, and sIstEr, JennEt devIce maY eventUAllY have Found hErSelf acCused Of WitchcraFt. A woman with that name was Listed In a grOup Of 20 tried at lanCAstEr Assizes On 24 MaRch 1634, althougH it CanNot be CerTAin thAt it
 for the frequency of itswitch tria ls. N eig hbo ur ingChes hire, for inst a nce,  also suffered from ec onomi cp robl e ms  andreligio u sa c tiv is ts , b ut th ere o nly  47 peo ple were i ndi ct ed for causi n gharm by wi tch craft betwee n 1 589 an d167 5 , ofwho m 11were f o und gu ilty.

Pe nd l e wasp art oft h epari sh of Whalley, an ar e a covering, to o larg et ob e  ef fec tive in pr ea ching and tea c hi n g the doctrines ofthe Churcho f E ngland :bot h  the s urviv al ofCatholicism  and  the upsu rge of witchcr a ft in L ancash ire  ha ve b e en  a ttr ib u ted to  it s  ov er-stret ch ed  paro chia l s t ruct ure . Un til i ts dissolutio n,thes pir itual  need s of  t he pe ople o f Pen dl e and surroundi ng d istrictshad  b een  s erved by nea rby  Wh alley A bbey, b u t i ts c l os ure in 1537 left a  m o r al  vacuum. 

Many of  t h e allega ti ons  mad e in th e Pe n dl e witchtrials re su lted fr om  membe rs  of  th e Dem d ikeand Ch attox fa milie s  making accusa t ions againste ac h ot h er.His torian John  Swa i n ha s sa i dtha t  theoutbr ea k so f witchcraft in and  a roundPendl e demonstrate  the exten t t o whichpeop l ec ould make a li vingeither byp osing as  a wi tch, orby accusi n g  or thre ate nin g t o a c c us e others of b e i ng a  w itch. A lth ough it  is  im pli cit  i n much of  the lit er at ur eonwitch c raft tha tthe  a ccu sed w e re vic tims,  oft en  m e nta lly orp hy s i call yab norm al,  f or so me a t  le ast, it  may have  be e n atr ad e likeany other, al be it one wit hsig nifica n t  risks.There may have been bad blood b etw een t he D emdike an d C hattox  fa m iliesbecaus e the ywer e in co m p et iti on  with each o the r, tr yi ng t o makea living from heal i ng,  begging, and  ex tort i o n.  Th e  D e mdi ke s  ar e believed to hav e lived cl os e  t o Newchurc h  in  P endle,and the  Chat t ox fami ly about away, ne ar  the v ill age of Fen ce.

Aft ermath an d  lega c y

Alt ham  conti nu edwithhis ju d ici al ca reer u nt il his  deat hin 1617,  and Bromley achieved h is des iredpro motion to  th e  Mi dlands Ci rcui t in 1616.  Po tts  wasgiv e n the  kee p er shi p  of S kalm e  Park byJ am esi n  1 615, to bre e d and  trai n t h e king 's h ounds. In 1618, h e  was given res pons i b ili tyf or " co llecting the f orf ei t u res on t he  laws conce rning se we r s, fo r twen ty-one  years" . Ha v ing pl ayed  he r part in  th ed eaths o fhe r  mothe r, b ro ther,and si s ter, J ennet Device may  even t u allyh ave  foun dherself accu sed of wit chcraft. Awomanwith  that  name w as  liste d i na group of 20 triedat La ncaster  A ssiz eson 24Marc h 1634,  alt ho ugh  it canno t be ce rt a inthat  it
 for_the frequency_of its witch trials._Neighbouring Cheshire,_for_instance, also_suffered_from economic problems_and religious activists,_but there only 47_people were indicted_for_causing harm by witchcraft between 1589 and 1675, of whom 11 were found guilty.

Pendle_was_part of_the_parish_of Whalley, an area covering,_too large to be effective_in preaching_and teaching the doctrines of the Church of_England:_both the survival_of Catholicism and the upsurge of witchcraft in Lancashire_have been attributed to its over-stretched_parochial structure. Until_its_dissolution,_the spiritual needs of_the people of Pendle and surrounding_districts had been served by nearby_Whalley Abbey, but its closure in 1537_left a moral vacuum.

Many of the_allegations made in the Pendle_witch trials_resulted from members of the_Demdike and Chattox_families making_accusations against each_other. Historian John Swain has said_that the outbreaks_of witchcraft in and around Pendle_demonstrate_the extent to_which_people_could make_a living either_by_posing as_a_witch, or by accusing or threatening_to_accuse others of being a witch. Although_it is implicit in_much_of the literature on_witchcraft that the accused were_victims, often mentally or physically abnormal,_for some_at least,_it may have been a trade like any other, albeit one_with significant risks. There may have_been bad blood between_the Demdike_and_Chattox families because_they_were in_competition with each other, trying to make_a living_from healing, begging, and extortion. The_Demdikes are believed to_have_lived close to Newchurch in Pendle,_and the Chattox family about _away, near the village of_Fence.

Aftermath_and_legacy 

Altham continued with his_judicial career until his death in_1617, and Bromley_achieved his desired promotion to the Midlands_Circuit_in 1616. Potts was given the_keepership_of Skalme Park by James in_1615,_to_breed and train the king's_hounds. In 1618, he was given_responsibility for "collecting the forfeitures on the laws concerning_sewers, for twenty-one_years". Having played her part_in_the_deaths of her mother, brother, and sister, Jennet Device may_eventually have_found herself accused_of witchcraft. A woman with that name was listed in_a group of 20 tried at Lancaster_Assizes on 24 March 1634, although it cannot be certain that_it