 amidst attempts to have him extradited to the United States in 2002–2003.

In addition to disciplining Le Gougne and Gailhaguet, in 2002 the ISU adopted a policy of "secret judging", in which judges' marks are posted anonymously, as part of the new ISU Judging System for figure skating. While the ISU has claimed this secrecy frees judges from pressure from their federations, critics have pointed out that instead of preventing judges from cheating, secrecy only prevents the public and media from being able to identify cheating. The policy of anonymous judging was discontinued at the ISU Congress following the 2014 Sochi Olympics.

In March 2003, a group of skating officials who were unhappy with the ISU's leadership and handling of the crisis in the sport announced the formation of the World Skating Federation, in an attempt to take control of competitive figure skating away from the ISU. This attempt to set up a new federation failed, and several of the persons involved with its formation were subsequently banished from the sport by the ISU and/or their national federations. These officials included Ronald Pfenning, the referee of the pairs competition at the Salt Lake City Olympics, Sally Stapleford, Jon Jackson, and other witnesses to Le Gougne's outburst.

See also 

 ISU Judging System

References

External links 

 Jamie Salé and David Pelletier 2002 Olympic Free Program with scoring reactions (video) at YouTube
 Official free skate results before the second gold was awarded
 Official overall results before the second gold was awarded
 Goodwin, Joy.  The Second Mark. .
 Jackson, Jon and James R. Pereira. On Edge : Backroom Dealing, Cocktail Scheming, Triple Axels, and How Top Skaters Get Screwed. .

scandal
Category:Olympic Games controversies
Olympic Winter Games Figure Skating Scandal, 2002
Category:2002 scandals Substantive title

A substantive title is a title of nobility or royalty acquired either by individual grant or inheritance. It is to be distinguished from a title shared among cadets, borne as a courtesy title by a peer's relatives, or acquired through marriage.

Characteristics 
 The title is officially borne by only one person at a time:
 e.g. British peerages or "Charles, Prince of Wales" vs. "Princes William and Harry of Wales". 
 The title may continue to be
amidst attempts to have him extradited to the United States in 2002–2003. 

 In addition to disciplining Le Gougne and Gailhaguet, in 2002 the ISU assume a policy of " hidden judging ", in which judges' marks are post anonymously, as part of the new ISU Judging System for number skate. While the ISU has claimed this secrecy frees judges from pressure from their federation, critics have pointed out that alternatively of preventing judges from cheating, secrecy only prevent the public and media from being able to identify cheat on. The policy of anonymous judging was discontinued at the ISU Congress following the 2014 Sochi Olympics. 

 In March 2003, a group of skating officials who were dysphoric with the ISU's leadership and handling of the crisis in the sport announced the formation of the World Skating Federation, in an attempt to lease control of competitive figure skating away from the ISU. This attempt to jell up a new federation failed, and several of the persons involved with its formation were subsequently banished from the sport by the ISU and/or their national federation. These officials included Ronald Pfenning, the reviewer of the pair rival at the Salt Lake City Olympics, Sally Stapleford, Jon Jackson, and other witnesses to Le Gougne's effusion. 

 See besides 

  ISU Judging System 

 References 

 External links 

  Jamie Salé and David Pelletier 2002 Olympic Free Program with scoring reactions (video recording) at YouTube 
  Official free skate results before the second gold was awarded 
  Official overall results before the second gold was awarded 
  Goodwin, Joy.   The Second Mark. . 
  Jackson, Jon and James R. Pereira. On Edge: Backroom Dealing, Cocktail Scheming, Triple Axels, and How Top Skaters Get Screwed. . 

 scandal 
 Category: Olympic Games controversies 
 Olympic Winter Games Figure Skating Scandal, 2002 
 Category:2002 scandal Substantive championship 

 A substantive title is a title of nobility or royalty acquired either by individual grant or inheritance. It is to be identify from a title shared among cadets, borne as a courtesy title by a peer's relatives, or acquired through marriage. 

 Characteristics 
  The title is formally borne by only one person at a time: 
  e.g. British peerages or " Charles, Prince of Wales " vs. " Princes William and Harry of Wales ". 
  The championship may continue to be
 amldst attempts to have hio extradited to the Unmted Stztes in 2002–2003.

Kn addition to disciplining Pe Gougbe and Gailhaguet, in 2002 ghe ISU afopted a polmcy of "secret juvfing", in which mudgev' marks are posjed anonymouvly, as part of tfe new ISU Judging System for figure fkating. Wjile the ISU hws ckwimes this secrecy frees judges from pdessure from their frderations, critics have polntef out that instead of preventung tydges from cfeating, sebxecy only ptevents the public and media froo beiug able to udwntlxy cheating. The iolicy of anokjmous jgdging eas discontinucd at thw ISU Congress followmng the 2014 Sochi Olympycs.

In Marwh 2003, a group of skatunt offhcians wfi wdre uihalpy wihh vhe ISU's lezdership ane handling of the ctifpx in the spodt annjugced the formation of the World Skating Feseration, in an attempt ro take control of colpetitive figure skating away from the ISU. This attempt to set np a ucr deferation failed, and several of the persons indklfec with its foriation were skbxgquently banisfed from fhe sport by the IDU and/ot theie nationaj fecerations. These officials ibcluded Ronaje Pfenning, the refzree of the 'airs vompeyition at the Salt Lake Citg Olympics, Dally Stalueford, Jon Jacksun, sng other witnesses to Le Gotgne's outuurst.

Xee alsu 

 IXU Judding Systel

Refevances

External linkd 

 Jalia Salé and Favid Pelletier 2002 Olympic Free Pcpgram with svosinc reactijns (vldeo) at YouTube
 Official free skate xesultr before tge secoid gold was wwarded
 Offichwl overall rxsults besore the second eold was awardrd
 Goodwiu, Joy.  The Second Mark. .
 Jazison, Jon and Janes R. Pereira. On Ecge : Bwcnrpoi Dealing, Cocntaiu Sznemine, Triplt Awelr, anc How Top Skaters Ged Scdewed. .

scandal
Categprn:Olympic Tames cogtroversies
Olumpic Winter Games Figuce Skaving Svanqal, 2002
Category:2002 scandals Substantjve title

W smbstantive tiele ls a title of uobility or royalty acquired either by iidividual grant or inhgritance. It is to be bixtinguished from a title vhared among cadets, vorne as a courtexy title by a peer's rslativas, or acquired through marriage.

Characteristics 
 The title is officially borne vy onlb jne person zt a time:
 e.y. Bxitish [eeregxs or "Charles, Primce of Wales" vs. "Princes William and Harsy of Wales". 
 The title may conyivue to be
amidst attempts to have him extradited to States 2002–2003. In to disciplining Le the adopted a policy "secret judging", in judges' marks are posted anonymously, as of the new ISU Judging System for figure skating. While the ISU has this secrecy frees judges from pressure from their federations, critics have pointed out instead preventing from secrecy only prevents the public and media from being able to identify cheating. The policy of judging was discontinued at the ISU Congress following 2014 Sochi Olympics. In 2003, a group of skating who unhappy with ISU's and of the crisis the sport announced the formation of the World Skating Federation, in an attempt to take control of figure skating the ISU. attempt set a new federation several of the persons involved with subsequently banished from the sport by the ISU their national These officials included Ronald Pfenning, the of the pairs competition at the Salt Lake Olympics, Sally Stapleford, Jon Jackson, and other witnesses to Le Gougne's outburst. See also ISU References External links Jamie and David Pelletier Olympic Program scoring (video) at Official free skate results before the second gold was awarded Official results before the second gold was awarded Goodwin, Joy. The . Jon and James Pereira. On Edge : Dealing, Scheming, Triple Axels, and Skaters Screwed. Games Olympic Games Figure Skating Scandal, Category:2002 scandals Substantive title A title is a title either by individual grant or inheritance. It is be distinguished from a title shared among borne as a courtesy title by a peer's relatives, or acquired through Characteristics The officially borne by only one person at a e.g. British peerages or Prince of Wales" vs. "Princes William and Harry of The may continue be
 amidst attempts to have him exTradited to The UnIteD StAtEs in 2002–2003.

in adDition to discipLIninG Le Gougne and Gailhaguet, In 2002 the iSu AdopTEd A poliCy of "secREt JUDgiNg", In WhiCh JUdGes' maRks Are postEd anonymouSly, As Part of the new isU judging SysTem For figure skaTinG. While ThE ISu Has clAimEd thiS secreCY frees Judges froM pREssure FRom theiR FEdEratIons, critics have poINtED out that insteaD of preVeNTiNG JudGes From cheatiNg, SecreCY only prEVeNTS The PUblic and media From being abLE to IdentiFy CheATing. ThE poliCy OF anOnymous judgIng wAs discontInued aT The ISU CONgress fOllowiNg tHe 2014 SOchi oLyMpIcs.

in mArcH 2003, A gRouP Of sKating ofFiCiAls whO werE UNHAppy WitH the iSU's lEadership and hAndLing OF thE crisIs in tHe spOrT annoUnced tHe forMaTion of the World SKatiNg FederatIon, In An aTtEmpt tO Take coNtrOl oF competItive fiGUre SkATINg Away from the ISU. This AtTEMpT to set up A new feDErAtIOn failed, AnD seVeraL OF the pErsoNS iNvolved wIth its FOrMaTion werE sUbsequEnTly BanIshed FRom tHe sporT by the ISu and/oR Their national fEDerations. ThesE OfFICiALs inCluDed Ronald PfEnniNG, the RefeREe Of tHE pairS compEtITiON at the Salt Lake City OLyMpics, SAlly STapleford, Jon JAckson, and oTHER witnessEs to lE GOUgne's outburst.

SEe alsO 

 ISU JudginG system

ReFerenCes

ExterNal links 

 JAMIe Salé anD DaVid pelLetIER 2002 OLympic Free ProGRAm wiTh Scoring ReaCtions (vIdeO) at youtubE
 OFficial frEe skate rEsUlTs BeForE the sECond gold WaS awArDed
 officIAl overAll reSultS bEfORe tHe seconD GoLD Was aWaRdEd
 GoOdwIn, joy.  ThE SecONd MArk. .
 JackSon, Jon and jamES R. PeReIrA. On Edge : backroom DealiNg, cocktail ScHeMinG, TriplE aXels, and HOw Top Skaters Get Screwed. .

sCAndal
CaTegOry:OlYmpiC Games conTroVersieS
OlYMpic WiNter GaMes FiGuRe SKATing SCANdAl, 2002
CAtEgory:2002 scandALS SuBstanTiVe tiTle

A subStantive title is a tiTLe oF nobility or roYalTy acQUIrEd eIThER by InDIviDUAl grant or inheriTance. It is tO bE DiStinguisheD FroM a Title shAred amoNg cadETs, borne As a courteSy title by A pEer's RELatIves, or acquIred throUgh marriaGE.

CharACtEristIcs 
 the titLe Is oFficiAlly boRNe bY only One perSoN at a tiMe:
 e.g. BRiTish peerAges or "Charles, Prince of WaLes" vs. "PRinceS WiLliam and HArrY Of WAles". 
 The tiTle mAy continue To bE
 amidst attempts to have h im extradi ted t o t heUn ited  Sta tes in 2002–20 0 3.
In addition to discipl ining  L e  Gou g ne  andGailhag u et , in20 02  th eI SU  adop ted  a poli cy of "sec ret  j udging", inw hi ch judges'  ma rks are post edanonym ou sly ,  as p art  of t he new ISU Ju dging Sys te m  for f i gure sk a t in g. W hile the ISU hasc la i med this secre cy fre es ju d g esfro m pressure  f rom t h eir fed e ra t i o ns, critics havepointed out tha t inst ea d o f  preve nting  j u dge s from chea ting , secrecy  onlyp revents the pub lic an d m edi a fr o mbe ing  a b let oide n tif y cheati ng .The p olic y o f  ano nym ousjudgi ng was discon tin ueda t t he IS U Con gres sfollo wing t he 20 14  Sochi Olympics .

I n March 2 003 ,a g ro up of skatin g o ffi cials w ho were unh ap p y wi th the ISU's leade rs h i pand hand ling o f  t he crisis i nthe  spo r t  anno unce d  t he forma tion o f  t he  WorldSk atingFe der ati on, i n  anattemp t to tak e con t rol of competi t ive figure sk a ti n g  a w ay f rom  the ISU. T hisa ttem pt t o  s etu p a n ew fe de r at i on failed, and seve ra l of t he pe rsons involve d with its f o rmationwere su b sequently bani shedfrom the s p ort by t he IS U and/or  their na t i onal fed era tio ns.  Th e s eofficials inc l u dedRo nald Pf enn ing, th e r efe ree  of  t he pairscompetit io nat  t heSaltL ake City  O lym pi cs,  Sall y  Stapl eford , Jo nJa c kso n, ando th e r  wit ne ss es t o L eGougn e'so utb urst.
See also

I SU J ud gi ng Syst em

Reference s
Externalli nks  

 Ja m i e Salé a nd David Pelletier 2002 Olympic  Fr ee Pr ogra m with sc ori ng rea cti o ns (vi deo) a t You Tu beO ffici a l  f ree  s kate resul t s  be foreth e se cond go ld was awarded
 Of f ici al overall re sul ts b e f or e t h es eco nd gol d was awarded
 Go odwin, Joy .Th e Second M a rk.  . 
 Jacks on, Jon  andJ ames R.  Pereira.  On Edge:Back r o omDealing, C ocktailScheming, Tripl e  A xels,  an d HowTo p S kater s GetS cre wed..

sca nd al
Cat egory :O lympic G ames controversies
Olym pic Wi nterGam es Figure  Sk a tin g Scandal , 20 02
Categor y:2 002  scan dal s  Subs tant i ve  ti t le

A  sub s tantive t i tl e i s atitle of no b i l ity  or r oya l ty acq uire d either by indiv i dual grant orinhe r i tan ce. It i sto be distingu ish ed f rom a ti tl e shared am ong cade ts ,  born e as a  court esy tit l e  b y  a pee r'srel atives, o r a cq u ired th ro ug h  marri age. 
Charac terist i cs T he title is offi ciall y borne byonlyon e perso n  ata time:
 e .g. British  peera gesor "C harles,  P rinceofWa les" vs. " P rinces Wi lliam  and Ha rr y of  Wa les".
 Th e title  may  c ont inue to b e 
 amidst_attempts to_have him extradited to_the United_States_in 2002–2003.

In_addition_to disciplining Le_Gougne and Gailhaguet,_in 2002 the ISU_adopted a policy_of_"secret judging", in which judges' marks are posted anonymously, as part of the new_ISU_Judging System_for_figure_skating. While the ISU has_claimed this secrecy frees judges_from pressure_from their federations, critics have pointed out that_instead_of preventing judges_from cheating, secrecy only prevents the public and media_from being able to identify cheating._The policy of_anonymous_judging_was discontinued at the_ISU Congress following the 2014 Sochi_Olympics.

In March 2003, a group of_skating officials who were unhappy with the_ISU's leadership and handling of the_crisis in the sport announced_the formation_of the World Skating Federation,_in an attempt_to take_control of competitive_figure skating away from the ISU._This attempt to_set up a new federation failed,_and_several of the_persons_involved_with its_formation were subsequently_banished_from the_sport_by the ISU and/or their national_federations._These officials included Ronald Pfenning, the referee_of the pairs competition_at_the Salt Lake City_Olympics, Sally Stapleford, Jon Jackson,_and other witnesses to Le Gougne's_outburst.

See also_

 ISU_Judging System

References

External links 

 Jamie Salé and David Pelletier 2002 Olympic_Free Program with scoring reactions (video)_at YouTube
 Official free_skate results_before_the second gold_was_awarded
 Official_overall results before the second gold was_awarded
 Goodwin,_Joy.  The Second Mark. .
_Jackson, Jon and James_R._Pereira. On Edge : Backroom Dealing,_Cocktail Scheming, Triple Axels, and How_Top Skaters Get Screwed. .

scandal
Category:Olympic_Games_controversies
Olympic_Winter Games Figure Skating Scandal,_2002
Category:2002 scandals Substantive title

A substantive title_is a title_of nobility or royalty acquired either by_individual_grant or inheritance. It is to_be_distinguished from a title shared among_cadets,_borne_as a courtesy title by_a peer's relatives, or acquired through_marriage.

Characteristics 
 The title is officially borne by only_one person at_a time:
 e.g. British peerages_or_"Charles,_Prince of Wales" vs. "Princes William and Harry of Wales"._
 The_title may continue_to be