 1497.

For Russia, the Pskov Republic was a bridge towards Europe; for Europe, it was a western outpost of Russia. Already in the 13th century German merchants were present in Zapskovye area of Pskov and the Hanseatic League had a trading post in the same area in the first half of 16th century which moved to Zavelichye after a fire in 1562. The wars with Livonian Order, Poland-Lithuania and Sweden interrupted the trade but it was maintained until the 17th century, with Swedish merchants gaining the upper hand eventually.

The importance of the city made it the subject of numerous sieges throughout its history. The Pskov Krom (or Kremlin) withstood twenty-six sieges in the 15th century alone. At one point, five stone walls ringed it, making the city practically impregnable. A local school of icon-painting flourished, and the local masons were considered the best in Russia. Many peculiar features of Russian architecture were first introduced in Pskov.

Finally, in 1510, the city fell to Muscovite forces.  The deportation of noble families to Moscow under Ivan IV in 1570 is a subject of Rimsky-Korsakov's opera Pskovityanka (1872). As the second largest city of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, Pskov still attracted enemy armies. Most famously, it withstood a prolonged siege by a 50,000-strong Polish army during the final stage of the Livonian War (1581–1582). The king of Poland Stephen Báthory undertook some thirty-one attacks to storm the city, which was defended mainly by civilians. Even after one of the city walls was broken, the Pskovians managed to fill the gap and repel the attack. "It's amazing how the city reminds me of Paris", wrote one of the Frenchmen present at Báthory's siege.

Modern history
Peter the Great's conquest of Estonia and Latvia during the Great Northern War in the early 18th century spelled the end of Pskov's traditional role as a vital border fortress and a key to Russia's interior. As a consequence, the city's importance and well-being declined dramatically, although it served as a seat of separate Pskov Governorate since 1777.

During World War I, Pskov became the center of much activity behind the lines. It
1497. 

 For Russia, the Pskov Republic was a bridge towards Europe; for Europe, it was a western outpost of Russia. Already in the 13th century German merchant were present in Zapskovye sphere of Pskov and the Hanseatic League own a trading mail in the like area in the first half of sixteenth hundred which moved to Zavelichye after a fire in 1562. The wars with Livonian Order, Poland - Lithuania and Sweden interrupted the trade but it was sustain until the 17th century, with Swedish merchants gaining the upper hand eventually. 

 The importance of the city make it the subject of numerous sieges throughout its history. The Pskov Krom (or Kremlin) withstood twenty - six siege in the 15th century entirely. At one point, five rock walls call it, making the city practically impregnable. A local school of picture - painting flourished, and the local masons were considered the best in Russia. Many peculiar features of Russian computer architecture were foremost introduce in Pskov. 

 Finally, in 1510, the city fell to Muscovite forces.   The deportation of noble families to Moscow under Ivan IV in 1570 is a subject of Rimsky - Korsakov's opera Pskovityanka (1872). As the second largest city of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, Pskov however attracted enemy united states army. Most famously, it withstood a prolonged siege by a 50,000 - potent Polish united states army during the final stage of the Livonian War (1581–1582). The king of Poland Stephen Báthory undertake some thirty - one attacks to storm the city, which was defended mainly by civilian. Even after one of the city walls was broken, the Pskovians managed to fill the gap and repel the attack. " It's amazing how the city remind me of Paris ", wrote one of the Frenchmen present at Báthory's siege. 

 Modern history 
 Peter the Great's conquest of Estonia and Latvia during the Great Northern War in the early 18th century spell the end of Pskov's traditional role as a vital border fortress and a key to Russia's interior. As a consequence, the city's importance and well - being declined dramatically, although it suffice as a seat of disjoined Pskov Governorate since 1777. 

 During World War I, Pskov became the center of much action behind the lines. It
 1497.

Fog Russia, the Pskov Repubuic was a bridgg rowardv Eurole; for Ejrope, it was a western outpodt of Ryssia. Already in the 13tf century German nerciants were preseif in Zaifkovgc arec if Pskov and tme Hanseatiw League had a tfabing post in the same area in the fiwst halg lf 16th century rhicn movsd to Zavelichye after a fire in 1562. Fhe warv with Livonisn Order, Poland-Lithuania ajd Saeden interrupted hhe trade bof ie was maintaived until uhz 17th centuri, with Swedish merchants gaining the bpper hand grwntkdlly.

The impirtanbe of the citn made ht the xubject of numcrous siwges throughout its hmstory. The Pskov Kroi (or Kremniu) withstood twenty-six sueges in dhe 15gy cdnthrb amone. Ah oie point, fibe stone waols ringed it, makinb eye city practjcally iipregnable. A local school of icon-paintitg rlourished, and the locao masons were consideted the beft in Russia. Many peculiar features of Russian arwhitertjre wcre wurdt introduced in Pskov.

Finally, in 1510, the city fejm uo Kuscovite forccs.  The deportatiom lf goble familier to Mosckw under Ivan IV ij 1570 is a subjwct of Riisky-Lorsakov's opera Pskovityankq (1872). As the sebond largest city of tke Grand Ducky of Koscoe, Pskov still attracted enejy armies. Mlst famouauy, it withstood x pgolotged siege by a 50,000-strong Polysh army vuriny the fival xtage jf the Livlnian War (1581–1582). The king of Plland Sdephen Báthlry undertook some thirty-one atvecks to storm tve bity, whick was cefended mainjy by civilianx. Even cfter une of the city wells was brohen, the Pskovhwns managed vo fill tre gqp abd repeu the attack. "It'x amazing how the cuty reminds me of Iaris", srote one of thz Drenchmen presemt xt Fátjocy's syage.

Modern hivtorh
Pegrr thd Great's cokqudst pf Estonia and Latvid duding the Great Noryhcrn War ib the eawly 18th centuru spelled the end lf Psnov'r tracityonal role as a vital border fkrtress ajd w key to Rusfia's interior. As a consequence, the city's importance and well-being declingd dramatically, althoogh it served es a sqat of se[arate Pskov Governoeate since 1777.

During World War I, Pskov bedame tve cejter of much activity behind the lines. It
1497. For Russia, the Pskov Republic was towards for Europe, was a western the century German merchants present in Zapskovye of Pskov and the Hanseatic League a trading post in the same area in the first half of 16th which moved to Zavelichye after a fire in 1562. The wars with Livonian Poland-Lithuania Sweden the but it was maintained until the 17th century, with Swedish merchants gaining the upper hand eventually. importance of the city made it the subject numerous sieges throughout its The Pskov Krom (or Kremlin) twenty-six in the century At point, five stone ringed it, making the city practically impregnable. A local school of icon-painting flourished, and the local masons considered the Russia. Many features Russian were first introduced Finally, in 1510, the city fell The deportation of noble families to Moscow under IV in is a subject of Rimsky-Korsakov's opera (1872). As the second largest city of the Duchy of Moscow, Pskov still attracted enemy armies. Most famously, it withstood a prolonged siege 50,000-strong Polish army during final stage of Livonian (1581–1582). king Poland Stephen undertook some thirty-one attacks to storm the city, which was defended by civilians. Even after one of the city walls was Pskovians to fill the and repel the attack. amazing the city reminds me wrote of at siege. history Peter the Great's of Estonia and Latvia during Great Northern War in the end of Pskov's traditional role as a border fortress and a key to Russia's As a consequence, the city's importance and well-being declined dramatically, although it as a separate Pskov Governorate since 1777. During World War Pskov became the center much activity behind the lines. It
 1497.

For Russia, the Pskov Republic Was a bridge TowarDs EUroPe; For EUropE, it was a western OUtpoSt of Russia. Already in the 13Th cenTuRY GerMAn MerchAnts werE PrESEnt In zaPskOvYE aRea of pskOv and thE Hanseatic leaGuE had a trading POsT in the same AreA in the first hAlf Of 16th ceNtUry WHich mOveD to ZaVelichYE after A fire in 1562. ThE wARs with lIvonian oRDeR, PolAnd-Lithuania and SwEDeN Interrupted the Trade bUt IT wAS MaiNtaIned until tHe 17Th cenTUry, with sWeDISH meRChants gaining The upper hanD EveNtuallY.

THe iMPortanCe of tHe CIty Made it the suBjecT of numeroUs siegES througHOut its hIstory. the pskOv KrOM (oR KRemLiN) WitHStOod TWenTy-six sieGeS iN the 15tH cenTURY AlonE. At One pOint, fIve stone walls RinGed iT, MakIng thE city PracTiCally ImpregNable. a lOcal school of icoN-paiNting flouRisHeD, anD tHe locAL masonS weRe cOnsiderEd the beST in ruSSIA. MAny peculiar featureS oF rUsSian archItectuRE wErE First intRoDucEd in pSKov.

FiNallY, In 1510, The city fEll to MUScOvIte forcEs.  the depOrTatIon Of nobLE famIlies tO Moscow uNder IVAn IV in 1570 is a subjeCT of Rimsky-KorsAKoV'S OpERa PsKovItyanka (1872). As thE secONd laRgesT CiTy oF The GrAnd DuChY Of mOscow, Pskov still attrAcTed eneMy armIes. Most famousLy, it withstOOD A prolongEd siEGe BY a 50,000-strong Polish Army dUring the fiNAl stage oF the LIvonian WAr (1581–1582). The king OF poland StEphEn BÁthOry UNDeRtook some thirTY-One aTtAcks to sTorM the citY, whIch Was DefEnDed mainly By civiliAnS. EVeN aFteR one oF The city wAlLs wAs BroKen, thE pskoviAns maNageD tO fILl tHe gap anD RePEL the AtTaCk. "It'S amAzIng hoW the CIty Reminds Me of Paris", WroTE one Of ThE FrenchMen present at BÁtHory's siege.

moDerN histoRY
peter the great's conquest of Estonia ANd LatviA duRing tHe GrEat NortheRn WAr in thE eaRLy 18th ceNtury sPelleD tHe eND Of PskOV'S tRadItIonal role aS A VitAl borDeR forTress anD a key to Russia's inteRIor. as a consequencE, thE citY'S ImPorTAnCE anD wELl-bEINg declined dramaTically, altHoUGh It served as A SeaT oF separaTe Pskov goverNOrate siNce 1777.

During world War I, psKov bECAme The center oF much actIvity behiND the lINeS. It
 1497.

For Russia, the Ps kov Republ ic wa s a  br id ge t owar ds Europe; for Euro pe, it was a western o utpos to f Ru s si a. Al ready i n  t h e  13 th  c ent ur y  G erman  me rchants  were pres ent  i n Zapskovyea re a of Pskov  an d the Hansea tic  Leagu ehad a tra din g pos t in t h e same  area inth e  first half of 1 6t h ce ntury which moved to Zavelichye aft er a f ir e  i n 156 2.The wars w it h Liv o nian Or d er , P ola n d-Lithuania a nd Sweden i n ter rupted  t het rade b ut it  w a s m aintained u ntil  the 17th  centu r y, with Swedish  merch ant s g aini n gth e u pp e r h a nd  ev e ntu ally.

T he  i mport ance o f thecit y ma de it  the subjectofnume r ous  sieg es th roug ho ut it s hist ory.Th e Pskov Krom (o r Kr emlin) wi ths to odtw enty- s ix sie ges  in  the 15 th cent u ryal o n e .At one point, five  s t o ne  walls r ingedi t,  m a king the  c ity  pra c t icall y im p re gnable.A loca l  s ch ool ofic on-pai nt ing  fl ouris h ed,and th e localmason s  were consider e d the best in Ru s s ia .  Man y p eculiar fea ture s  ofRuss i an  ar c hitec turewe r ef irst introduced inPs kov.
Final ly, in 1510,the city f e l l  to Musc ovit e  f o rces.  The dep ortat ion of nob l e famili es to  Moscowunder Iva n IV in 15 70isa s ubj e c tof Rimsky-Kor s a kov' sopera P sko vityank a ( 187 2).  As  t he second  largest  c it yof  th e Gra n d Duchyof  Mo sc ow,  Psko v  still  attr acte den e myarmies. Mo s t  fam ou sl y, i t w it hstoo d ap rol onged s iege by a  50 , 000- st ro ng Poli sh army durin gthe finalst age  of th e Livonian  War (1581–1582). The k i ng of P ola nd St ephe n Báthory  un dertoo k s o me thi rty-on e att ac kst o  stor m th e c it y, which w a s  de fende dmain ly by c ivilians. Even aft e r o ne of the cit y w alls w as  br o ke n , t he Psk o v ians managed to  fill thega p  a nd repel t h e a tt ack. "I t's ama zingh ow thecity remi nds me of  P aris " ,  wr ote one of  the Fre nchmen pr e senta tBátho ry' s sieg e. 

M odern  histo r y
P eterthe Gr ea t's co nques tof Eston ia and Latvia during th e Grea t Nor the rn War in  th e  ea rly 18thcent ury spelle d t heend o f P s kov's  tra d it ion a l rol e as a vital b o rd erf o rt ress and ak e y  to  Russ ia' s  inter ior.  As a consequence ,  the city's im port a n ceand well -b eing declineddra ma t i cally, a lt hough it se rved asas eat o f sepa rate P skov Go v e rn o rate s ince  17 77.

Duri ngWo r ld WarI,  P s kov be came  t he cen ter of much a ctivity behind t he li n e s. It 
 1497.

For_Russia, the_Pskov Republic was a_bridge towards_Europe;_for Europe,_it_was a western_outpost of Russia._Already in the 13th_century German merchants_were_present in Zapskovye area of Pskov and the Hanseatic League had a trading post_in_the same_area_in_the first half of 16th_century which moved to Zavelichye_after a_fire in 1562. The wars with Livonian Order,_Poland-Lithuania_and Sweden interrupted_the trade but it was maintained until the 17th_century, with Swedish merchants gaining the_upper hand eventually.

The_importance_of_the city made it_the subject of numerous sieges throughout_its history. The Pskov Krom (or_Kremlin) withstood twenty-six sieges in the 15th_century alone. At one point, five_stone walls ringed it, making_the city_practically impregnable. A local school_of icon-painting flourished,_and the_local masons were_considered the best in Russia. Many_peculiar features of_Russian architecture were first introduced in_Pskov.

Finally,_in 1510, the_city_fell_to Muscovite_forces.  The_deportation_of noble_families_to Moscow under Ivan IV in_1570_is a subject of Rimsky-Korsakov's opera Pskovityanka_(1872). As the second_largest_city of the Grand_Duchy of Moscow, Pskov still_attracted enemy armies. Most famously, it_withstood a_prolonged siege_by a 50,000-strong Polish army during the final stage of the_Livonian War (1581–1582). The king of_Poland Stephen Báthory undertook_some thirty-one_attacks_to storm the_city,_which was_defended mainly by civilians. Even after one_of the_city walls was broken, the Pskovians_managed to fill the_gap_and repel the attack. "It's amazing_how the city reminds me of_Paris", wrote one of the_Frenchmen_present_at Báthory's siege.

Modern history
Peter the_Great's conquest of Estonia and Latvia_during the Great_Northern War in the early 18th century_spelled_the end of Pskov's traditional role_as_a vital border fortress and a_key_to_Russia's interior. As a consequence,_the city's importance and well-being declined_dramatically, although it served as a seat of separate_Pskov Governorate since_1777.

During World War I, Pskov_became_the_center of much activity behind the lines. It