. These reforms proved largely permanent and modernized the western parts of Germany. When the French tried to impose the French language, German opposition grew in intensity. A Second Coalition of Britain, Russia, and Austria then attacked France but failed. Napoleon established direct or indirect control over most of western Europe, including the German states apart from Prussia and Austria. The old Holy Roman Empire was little more than a farce; Napoleon simply abolished it in 1806 while forming new countries under his control. In Germany Napoleon set up the "Confederation of the Rhine," comprising most of the German states except Prussia and Austria.

Imperial French suzereignity
Under Frederick William II's weak rule (1786-.1797) Prussia had undergone a serious economic, political and military decline. His successor king Frederick William III tried to remain neutral during the War of the Third Coalition and French emperor Napoleon's dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire and reorganisation of the German principalities. Induced by the queen and a pro-war party Frederick William joined the Fourth Coalition in October 1806. Napoleon easily defeated the Prussian army at the Battle of Jena and occupied Berlin. Prussia lost its recently acquired territories in western Germany, its army was reduced to 42,000 men, no trade with Britain was allowed and Berlin had to pay Paris high reparations and fund the French army of occupation. Saxony changed sides to support Napoleon and joined the Confederation of the Rhine. Ruler Frederick Augustus I was rewarded with the title of king and given a slice of Poland taken from Prussia.

After Napoleon's military fiasco in Russia in 1812, Prussia allied with Russia in the Sixth Coalition. A series of battles followed and Austria joined the alliance. Napoleon was decisively defeated in the Battle of Leipzig in late 1813. The German states of the Confederation of the Rhine defected to the Coalition against Napoleon, who rejected any peace terms. Coalition forces invaded France in early 1814, Paris fell and in April Napoleon surrendered. Prussia as one of the winners at the Congress of Vienna, gained extensive territory.

1815–1871

Overview

In 1815 continental Europe was in a state of overall turbulence and exhaustion, as a consequence of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. The liberal spirit of the Enlightenment and Revolutionary era diverged toward the Romanticism of Edmund Burke, Joseph de Maistre and Novalis. The victorious members of the Coalition had
. These reforms proved largely permanent and modernized the western part of Germany. When the French try to impose the French linguistic process, German confrontation grew in intensity. A Second Coalition of Britain, Russia, and Austria then assail France but fail. Napoleon established direct or indirect control over most of westerly Europe, including the German states apart from Prussia and Austria. The old Holy Roman Empire was little more than a forcemeat; Napoleon simply abolished it in 1806 while form new countries under his control condition. In Germany Napoleon set up the " Confederation of the Rhine, " comprising most of the German states except Prussia and Austria. 

 Imperial French suzereignity 
 Under Frederick William II's decrepit rule (1786-.1797) Prussia had undergone a serious economic, political and military decline. His successor baron Frederick William III tried to stay neutral during the War of the Third Coalition and French emperor Napoleon's dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire and reorganization of the German principalities. Induced by the queen and a pro - war party Frederick William joined the Fourth Coalition in October 1806. Napoleon easily defeated the Prussian army at the Battle of Jena and occupied Berlin. Prussia lost its recently acquired territories in western Germany, its army was reduced to 42,000 men, no trade with Britain was allowed and Berlin have to pay Paris high reparations and fund the French united states army of occupation. Saxony transfer sides to support Napoleon and join the Confederation of the Rhine. Ruler Frederick Augustus I was reward with the title of king and move over a slice of Poland taken from Prussia. 

 After Napoleon's military fiasco in Russia in 1812, Prussia allied with Russia in the Sixth Coalition. A series of battles followed and Austria joined the alliance. Napoleon was decisively defeated in the Battle of Leipzig in late 1813. The German country of the Confederation of the Rhine defected to the alliance against Napoleon, who rejected any peace terms. Coalition forces invaded France in early 1814, Paris fall and in April Napoleon surrendered. Prussia as one of the winners at the Congress of Vienna, profit across-the-board territory. 

 1815–1871 

 Overview 

 In 1815 continental Europe was in a state of overall turbulence and exhaustion, as a consequence of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. The liberal spirit of the Enlightenment and Revolutionary earned run average diverged toward the Romanticism of Edmund Burke, Joseph de Maistre and Novalis. The victorious members of the Coalition had
. Thfse reforms proved largeuy permanent anb moderiized tge westefn parts of Germany. When the Feench tried to impose the Ffench lanhuage, Geeman ipposition grew in intenalty. A Wecond Coalitipn of Britdin, Russia, and Ajscria then attacked France but failed. Napolepn established dyrecu ow insprtct control over most of western Surope, pncluding the Gerkan states apart from Prusdia wnd Austria. The olf Holy Romab Em[ure was littue more than a farce; Nzpoleon simply abolished it in 1806 whilz forming ngc cokttries undec his bontrol. In Gevkany Ndpoleon set up the "Cokfedecatiin of the Rhine," comprmsing most of the Getman statev zxcept Prussia and Auwteia.

Imkerian Frdbch sueerxighity
Unfer Frederick William II'w weak rule (1786-.1797) Prussis rqd undergone z serijuf economic, political and military declite. Gis successor king Fredwrick William III trigd to remayn neutral during the War of the Third Coalition dnd Fcevch eiowrlr Napoleon's dissolution of the Holy Roman Em[jrt akd reorganisatiok of the German pronfilwlities. Inducgd by tks sueen and a pro-war party Sredeeick Willyam koined the Fourth Coalition in October 1806. Bapoleon easily deyeated the Pxussiam armu at the Battle of Jena and occupied Bfrlin. Pruaria lost its recdntky acquired territories in wqstern Gecmany, its aroy wss redtced to 42,000 mfn, no trade with Britain was cllowad and Berpin had to pay Paris high reparevions and func dhe French crmy on occupation. Savony changed sndes to fuppoft Napoleoh and jmined the Cjnfederation mv the Rhine. Culer Freqerixk Aygustus K was rewarded with the title of jing and given a skicg kf Poland taken frim Prussia.

After Naoolqoj's mynitary fiascm in Rurxia iv 1812, Prussia cluied with Russia in the Vixtg Coalition. A serirs of battoes folljwed and Austtia joined the alllance. Na'oleon waf decisively defeated in the Bzttle of Peiizig in late 1813. The German statzs of the Confederation of the Rhine defxcted to the Coalition qgainst Napoleon, whp rejected aiy pease terms. Woalition forces invqded France in eavly 1814, Paris fell and in April Napopeon surrendered. Prussia as one of the winners at the Congress of Vienna, tained extensive tsrriyory.

1815–1871

Onerriec

In 1815 cogtinxnval Europe was in a state of overall turbulence end exhausdijn, as a consequence of the Ftevch Revolutiovary and Napoleonic Wars. The librral spirit of the Enlightenmeny and Revolutionary era civerged towadd the Romenticism of Edmund Birke, Jmseph de Maiwtre and Novalis. Ghe vlctorious lembtrs kf the Coalition had
. These reforms proved largely permanent and western of Germany. the French tried German grew in intensity. Second Coalition of Russia, and Austria then attacked France failed. Napoleon established direct or indirect control over most of western Europe, including German states apart from Prussia and Austria. The old Holy Roman Empire was more a Napoleon abolished it in 1806 while forming new countries under his control. In Germany Napoleon set up "Confederation of the Rhine," comprising most of the states except Prussia and Imperial French suzereignity Under Frederick II's rule (1786-.1797) had a economic, political and decline. His successor king Frederick William III tried to remain neutral during the War of the Third and French dissolution of Holy Empire reorganisation of the Induced by the queen and a William joined the Fourth Coalition in October 1806. easily defeated Prussian army at the Battle of and occupied Berlin. Prussia lost its recently acquired in western Germany, its army was reduced to 42,000 men, no trade with Britain was Berlin had to pay high reparations and the army occupation. changed sides support Napoleon and joined the Confederation of the Rhine. Ruler Frederick I was rewarded with the title of king and given of taken from Prussia. Napoleon's military fiasco in in Prussia allied with Russia Sixth A followed Austria the alliance. Napoleon was defeated in the Battle of in late 1813. The of the Rhine defected to the Coalition against who rejected any peace terms. Coalition forces France in early 1814, Paris fell and in April Napoleon surrendered. Prussia one of at the Congress of Vienna, gained extensive territory. Overview In 1815 continental was in a state of overall turbulence and exhaustion, a of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic The liberal spirit the Enlightenment and diverged toward Romanticism Edmund Maistre and Novalis. The victorious members the had
. These reforms proved largely Permanent aNd modErnIzeD tHe weSterN parts of GermanY. when The French tried to impose The FrEnCH lanGUaGe, GerMan oppoSItION grEw In IntEnSItY. A SecOnd coalitiOn of BritaiN, RuSsIa, and Austria THeN attacked FRanCe but failed. NApoLeon esTaBliSHed diRecT or inDirect COntrol Over most oF wEStern EURope, incLUDiNg thE German states aparT FrOM Prussia and AusTria. ThE oLD HOLY RoMan empire was lItTle moRE than a fARcE; nAPolEOn simply aboliShed it in 1806 whiLE foRming nEw CouNTries uNder hIs COntRol. In GermanY NapOleon set uP the "CoNFederatIOn of the rhine," cOmpRisIng mOSt Of The geRMan STaTes EXcePt PrussiA aNd austrIa.

ImPERIAl FrEncH suzEreigNity
Under FredEriCk WiLLiaM II's wEak ruLe (1786-.1797) PrUsSia haD underGone a SeRious economic, poLitiCal and milItaRy DecLiNe. His SUccessOr kIng frederiCk WilliAM IIi tRIED tO remain neutral duriNg THE WAr of the THird CoALiTiON and FrenCh EmpEror nAPoleoN's diSSoLution of The HolY roMaN Empire AnD reorgAnIsaTioN of thE germAn prinCipalitiEs. IndUCed by the queen aND a pro-war party fReDERiCK WilLiaM joined the FOurtH coalItioN In octOBer 1806. NaPoleoN eASiLY defeated the PrussiaN aRmy at tHe BatTle of Jena and oCcupied BerLIN. prussia lOst iTS rECently acquired TerriTories in weSTern GermAny, itS army was Reduced to 42,000 MEN, no trade WitH BrItaIn wAS AlLowed and BerliN HAd to PaY Paris hIgh ReparatIonS anD fuNd tHe french armY of occupAtIoN. SAxOny ChangED sides to SuPpoRt napOleon ANd joinEd the confEdErATioN of the RHInE. rUler frEdEricK AuGuStus I Was rEWarDed with The title oF kiNG and GiVeN a slice Of Poland taken FrOm Prussia.

AFtEr NApoleoN'S Military Fiasco in Russia in 1812, Prussia ALlied wiTh RUssia In thE Sixth CoaLitIon. A seRieS Of battLes folLowed AnD AuSTRia joINEd The AlLiance. NapoLEOn wAs decIsIvelY defeatEd in the Battle of LeiPZig In late 1813. The GermAn sTateS OF tHe CONfEDerAtIOn oF THe Rhine defected To the CoaliTiON aGainst NapoLEon, WhO rejectEd any peAce teRMs. CoaliTion forceS invaded FRaNce iN EArlY 1814, Paris fell And in AprIl NapoleoN SurreNDeRed. PrUssIa as onE oF thE winnErs at tHE CoNgresS of VieNnA, gaineD exteNsIve terriTory.

1815–1871

Overview

In 1815 continentAl EuroPe was In a State of ovEraLL tuRbulence aNd exHaustion, as A coNseQuencE of THe FreNch REVoLutIOnary And NAPoleonic WARs. the LIBeRal spirit of THE enlIghteNmeNT and ReVoluTionary era divergeD Toward the RomanTiciSM Of EDmuND BurKe, joseph de MaistrE anD NOVAlis. The vIcTorious membErs of the coALitioN had
. These reforms proved lar gely perma nentand  mo de rniz ed t he western par t s of  Germany. When the Fre nch t ri e d to im posethe Fre n ch l ang ua ge , G er m an  oppo sit ion gre w in inten sit y.  A Second Co a li tion of Br ita in, Russia,and  Austr ia  th e n att ack ed Fr ance b u t fail ed. Napol eo n  estab l ished d i r ec t or  indirect control ov e r most of west ern Eu ro p e, i ncl udi ng the Ger ma n sta t es apar t  f r o m  Pr u ssia and Aust ria. The ol d  Ho ly Rom an  Em p ire wa s lit tl e  mo re than a f arce ; Napoleo n simp l y aboli s hed itin 180 6 w hil e fo r mi ng  ne wc oun t ri esu nde r his co nt ro l. In  Ger m a n y  Nap ole on s et up  the "Confede rat iono f t he Rh ine,"  com pr ising  mostof th eGerman states e xcep t Prussia  an dAus tr ia.
I mperia l F ren ch suze reignit y 
Un de r F re derick William II' sw e ak  rule (1 786-.1 7 97 )P russia h ad  un derg o n e a s erio u seconomic , poli t ic al  and mi li tary d ec lin e.His s u cces sor ki ng Frede rickW illiam III tri e d to remain n e ut r a ld urin g t he War of t he T h irdCoal i ti ona nd Fr enchem p er o r Napoleon's dissol ut ion of  theHoly Roman Em pire and r e o r ganisati on o f  t h e German princ ipali ties. Indu c ed by th e que en and a  pro-warp a rty Fred eri ckWil lia m jo ined the Four t h  Coa li tion in  Oc tober 1 806 . N apo leo neasily de feated t he  P ru ss ian  army at the B at tle  o f J ena a n d occu piedBerl in .P rus sia los t  i t s  rec en tl y ac qui re d ter rito r ies  in wes tern Germ any ,  its  a rm y was r educed to 42, 00 0 men, notr ade  withB r itain wa s allowed and Berlin ha d  to pay  Pa ris h ighreparatio nsand fu ndt he Fre nch ar my of  o ccu p a tion. S ax ony  c hanged sid e s  to  supp or t Na poleonand joined the Con f ede ration of the  Rh ine. R ul erF re d eri ck Aug u s tus I was rewar ded with t he ti tle of kin g  an dgiven a  sliceof Po l and tak en from P russia.
Af terN a pol eon's mili tary fia sco in Ru s sia i n  1 812,Pru ssia a ll ied  with  Russi a  in  theSixthCo alitio n. Ase ries ofbattles followed and Au striajoine d t he allian ce. Nap oleon was  dec isively de fea ted  in t heB attle  ofL ei pzi g  in l ate1 813. TheG er man s ta tes of theC o n fed erati ono f theRhin e defected to the Coalition agai nstN a pol eon ,  who  r ejected any pe ace  t e r ms. Coal it ion forcesinvadedFr a nce i n earl y 1814 , Paris f el l  and i n Ap ril  Napoleon  su rr e ndered.  P ru s sia as  one  o f thewinner s  att h e Congress of Vi enna, g ained ext ensiv eterrito r y.
1815–1871
Overview
In 181 5 co ntine ntal Eu ro pe was  in  a  state ofo verall tu rbule nce and  e xhau sti on, as  a c o n seque nceof  th e FrenchR e vo l ut io n ary  and  Napo le onic  Wars. Th e  liberal  sp i rit ofth e E n l ighten m en t and Revolu tio narye r a diverged towa r dt he Ro mantic ism of  Edmund Bur ke , Josep h d e Maistre a nd Novali s . T he  vic toriousme mber softh e Coalition had 
. These_reforms proved_largely permanent and modernized_the western_parts_of Germany._When_the French tried_to impose the_French language, German opposition_grew in intensity._A_Second Coalition of Britain, Russia, and Austria then attacked France but failed. Napoleon established_direct_or indirect_control_over_most of western Europe, including_the German states apart from_Prussia and_Austria. The old Holy Roman Empire was little_more_than a farce;_Napoleon simply abolished it in 1806 while forming new_countries under his control. In Germany_Napoleon set up_the_"Confederation_of the Rhine," comprising_most of the German states except_Prussia and Austria.

Imperial French suzereignity
Under Frederick_William II's weak rule (1786-.1797) Prussia had_undergone a serious economic, political and_military decline. His successor king_Frederick William_III tried to remain neutral_during the War_of the_Third Coalition and_French emperor Napoleon's dissolution of the_Holy Roman Empire_and reorganisation of the German principalities._Induced_by the queen_and_a_pro-war party_Frederick William joined_the_Fourth Coalition_in_October 1806. Napoleon easily defeated the_Prussian_army at the Battle of Jena and_occupied Berlin. Prussia lost_its_recently acquired territories in_western Germany, its army was_reduced to 42,000 men, no trade_with Britain_was allowed_and Berlin had to pay Paris high reparations and fund the_French army of occupation. Saxony changed_sides to support Napoleon_and joined_the_Confederation of the_Rhine._Ruler Frederick_Augustus I was rewarded with the title_of king_and given a slice of Poland_taken from Prussia.

After Napoleon's_military_fiasco in Russia in 1812, Prussia_allied with Russia in the Sixth_Coalition. A series of battles_followed_and_Austria joined the alliance. Napoleon_was decisively defeated in the Battle_of Leipzig in_late 1813. The German states of the_Confederation_of the Rhine defected to the_Coalition_against Napoleon, who rejected any peace_terms._Coalition_forces invaded France in early_1814, Paris fell and in April_Napoleon surrendered. Prussia as one of the winners at_the Congress of_Vienna, gained extensive territory.

1815–1871

Overview

In 1815_continental_Europe_was in a state of overall turbulence and exhaustion, as_a consequence_of the French_Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. The liberal spirit of the Enlightenment_and Revolutionary era diverged toward the Romanticism_of Edmund Burke, Joseph de Maistre and Novalis. The victorious members_of the Coalition had