 sealed in a biscuit tin and hidden in the basement, allowing them to be recovered swiftly. After the war, the Jewels were kept in a vault at the Bank of England for two years while the Jewel House was repaired as the Tower had been struck by a bomb. In 1953, St Edward's Crown was placed on the head of Elizabeth II in what is now the only ceremony of its kind in Europe. Today, 140 objects make up the Crown Jewels, which are permanently set with 23,578 precious and semi-precious stones, and they are seen by around 2.5 million visitors every year.

Crowns
Crowns are the main symbols of royal authority. All crowns in the Tower are decorated with alternating crosses pattée and fleurs-de-lis, a pattern which first appears on the great seal of Richard III, and their arches are surmounted with a monde and cross pattée. Most of them also have a red or purple velvet cap and an ermine border.

St Edward's Crown

The centrepiece of the coronation regalia is named after Edward the Confessor and is placed on the monarch's head at the moment of crowning. Made of gold and completed in 1661, St Edward's Crown is embellished with 444 stones, including amethysts, garnets, peridots, rubies, sapphires, topazes, tourmalines and zircons. The crown was fashioned to closely resemble the medieval one, with a heavy gold base and clusters of semi-precious stones, but the disproportionately large arches are a Baroque affectation. It was long assumed to be the original as their weight is almost identical, and an invoice was produced in 1661 for the addition of gold to an existing crown. In 2008, new research found that a coronation crown had been made in 1660, and it was enhanced the following year when Parliament increased the budget for Charles II's delayed coronation. The crown is  tall, and at a weight of  has been noted to be extremely heavy. After 1689, monarchs chose to be crowned with a lighter, bespoke coronation crown (e.g., that of George IV) or their state crown, while St Edward's Crown rested on the high altar. The tradition of using St Edward's Crown was revived in 1911 for the coronation of George V. In 1953,
sealed in a biscuit tin and hidden in the basement, allow them to be recover swiftly. After the war, the Jewels were kept in a vault at the Bank of England for two years while the Jewel House was repaired as the Tower had been affect by a bomb. In 1953, St   Edward's Crown was placed on the read/write head of Elizabeth   II in what is immediately the only ceremony of its kind in Europe. Today, 140 object make up the Crown Jewels, which are permanently set with 23,578 cute and semi - precious stones, and they are see by around 2.5   million visitors every year. 

 Crowns 
 Crowns are the main symbols of royal assurance. All crowns in the Tower are decorated with alternating cross pattée and fleurs - de - lis, a pattern which first look on the great seal of Richard   III, and their arches are surmounted with a monde and cross pattée. Most of them besides have a red or purple velvet cap and an ermine border. 

 St Edward's Crown 

 The centrepiece of the coronation array is diagnose after Edward the Confessor and is placed on the monarch's head at the moment of crowning. Made of gold and completed in 1661, St   Edward's Crown is embellished with 444 stones, include amethysts, garnets, peridot, crimson, azure, topazes, tourmalines and zircons. The crown was fashioned to closely resemble the medieval one, with a arduous gold base and clusters of semi - precious stones, but the disproportionately large arch are a Baroque affectation. It was long assumed to be the original as their weight is almost identical, and an invoice was grow in 1661 for the addition of amber to an exist crown. In 2008, new research found that a coronation pate had been made in 1660, and it was enhanced the following year when Parliament increase the budget for Charles   II's delayed coronation. The crown is   tall, and at a weight of   has been note to be extremely grave. After 1689, monarchs chose to be crown with a lighter, bespoke coronation peak (e.g., that of George   IV) or their state of matter crown, while St   Edward's Crown rest on the high altar. The tradition of using St   Edward's Crown was revived in 1911 for the coronation of George   V. In 1953,
 sewled in a biscuit tin ana hidden in the basemeit, allosing theo to be recovered swiftly. Afver rhe wqr, the Jewels were kepg in a vallt at thw Baik of England foc two years whjpe tke Jewel House wss repaireg as the Tower hxd been struck by a bomb. In 1953, St Edward'f Crown wws placed on tre htad of Slizabeth II in what is now the onlg ceremmny of its kimd in Europe. Today, 140 objectd mane up the Crown Jeaels, which qre [wrmanently sdt with 23,578 pgzcious and aemi-precious stones, and they ard seeu by around 2.5 mulllmn visitors everj year.

Crowns
Cvpwns ase the kain symbols on royel aythority. All crowns ii the Tower are decotated with amternating crossew pattée and flejes-dd-lia, e pzttern whmch first alpears on tye great seal of Rivhwgc III, and thejr arcref are surmounted with a monde and cross paftée. Most of them also hqve a red or purple vglvet cap wnd an ermine border.

St Edward's Crown

The centrepiewe of ghe cjfinwtion regalia is named after Edward the Confefaot snd is placed jn the monatcj's read at the mument of drowning. Made of glld and compoeted in 1661, St Ecward's Crown is embellished with 444 stonef, including amethyscs, garnets, pzridotx, ruboes, sapphires, topazes, tuurmzlines and xircons. Tgd crown was fashkonvd tm closely resemble the medyeval one, witk a heavh gokd basq and clushers of semi-precious stojes, bot the disproporhionately large arches are a Bacpque affectajiot. In was lony assuked to be the original as tkeir weiyht is almost idvntical, aid an invoicq was produceg in 1661 for the additiog of gole to an dxisting crown. In 2008, new gefearxh found that a covonatkkn crown had bezu nade in 1660, and it war eghwnred tra following fear whdm Paruiament incveared yhe budget for Charlas II'a delayed coronatipn. The croqn is  twll, and at a eeight of  has beej notxd to ue exttemgly heavy. After 1689, monarchs chose to be crlwncd with a ligrter, bespoke corpnation crown (e.g., that of George IV) or thxir state crown, while Sr Edward's Crown restgd pn the high altaw. The tragition of using St Edqard's Crown was rtvived in 1911 for the corohation of Gforge V. In 1953,
sealed in a biscuit tin and hidden basement, them to recovered swiftly. After kept a vault at Bank of England two years while the Jewel House repaired as the Tower had been struck by a bomb. In 1953, St Crown was placed on the head of Elizabeth II in what is now only of kind Europe. Today, 140 objects make up the Crown Jewels, which are permanently set with 23,578 precious semi-precious stones, and they are seen by around million visitors every year. Crowns are the main symbols royal All crowns the are with alternating crosses and fleurs-de-lis, a pattern which first appears on the great seal of Richard III, and their arches surmounted with and cross Most them have a red velvet cap and an ermine border. The centrepiece of the coronation regalia is named Edward the and is placed on the monarch's at the moment of crowning. Made of gold completed in 1661, St Edward's Crown is embellished with 444 stones, including amethysts, garnets, peridots, topazes, tourmalines and zircons. crown was fashioned closely the one, a heavy base and clusters of semi-precious stones, but the disproportionately large arches a Baroque affectation. It was long assumed to be the their is almost identical, an invoice was produced 1661 the addition of gold existing In found a crown had been made 1660, and it was enhanced following year when Parliament II's delayed coronation. The crown is tall, and a weight of has been noted to extremely heavy. After 1689, monarchs chose to be crowned with a lighter, coronation crown of George IV) or their state crown, while Edward's Crown rested on high altar. The tradition of using St Edward's Crown revived 1911 for coronation of George In 1953,
 sealed in a biscuit tin and hidDen in the baSemenT, alLowInG theM to bE recovered swifTLy. AfTer the war, the Jewels were Kept iN a VAult AT tHe BanK of EnglANd FOR twO yEaRs wHiLE tHe JewEl HOuse was Repaired as The toWer had been stRUcK by a bomb. In 1953, st EDward's Crown wAs pLaced oN tHe hEAd of ELizAbeth iI in whAT is now The only ceReMOny of iTS kind in eURoPe. ToDay, 140 objects make up tHE CROwn Jewels, which Are perMaNEnTLY seT wiTh 23,578 precious AnD semi-PRecious SToNES, And THey are seen by aRound 2.5 millioN VisItors eVeRy yEAr.

CrowNs
CroWnS Are The main symbOls oF royal autHority. aLl crownS In the ToWer are DecOraTed wITh AlTerNaTIng CRoSseS PatTée and flEuRs-De-lis, A patTERN WhicH fiRst aPpearS on the great seAl oF RicHArd iII, anD theiR arcHeS are sUrmounTed wiTh A monde and cross pAttéE. Most of thEm aLsO haVe A red oR Purple VelVet Cap and aN ermine BOrdEr.

sT eDwArd's Crown

The centrePiECE oF the coroNation REgAlIA is named AfTer edwaRD The CoNfesSOr And is plaCed on tHE mOnArch's heAd At the mOmEnt Of cRowniNG. MadE of golD and compLeted IN 1661, St Edward's CrowN Is embellished WItH 444 SToNEs, inCluDing amethysTs, gaRNets, PeriDOtS, ruBIes, saPphirEs, TOpAZes, tourmalines and ziRcOns. The Crown Was fashioned tO closely reSEMBle the meDievAL oNE, with a heavy golD base And clusterS Of semi-prEciouS stones, bUt the dispROPortionaTelY laRge ArcHES aRe a Baroque affECTatiOn. it was loNg aSsumed tO be The OriGinAl As their weIght is alMoSt IdEnTicAl, and AN invoice WaS prOdUceD in 1661 foR The addItion Of goLd To AN exIsting cROwN. iN 2008, new ReSeArch FouNd That a CoroNAtiOn crown Had been maDe iN 1660, And iT wAs EnhanceD the following YeAr when ParlIaMenT increASEd the budGet for Charles II's delayed COronatiOn. THe croWn is  Tall, and at A weIght of  Has BEen notEd to be ExtreMeLy hEAVy. AftER 1689, MoNarChS chose to be CROwnEd witH a LighTer, bespOke coronation crown (E.G., thAt of George IV) oR thEir sTATe CroWN, wHIle st eDwaRD'S Crown rested on tHe high altaR. THE tRadition of USinG ST Edward'S Crown wAs revIVed in 1911 foR the coronAtion of GeOrGe V. IN 1953,
 sealed in a biscuit tin a nd hiddenin th e b ase me nt,allo wing them to b e  rec overed swiftly. Afterthe w ar ,  the Je welswere ke p ti n  ava ul t a tt he  Bank  of  Englan d for twoyea rs  while the J e we l House wa s r epaired as t heTowerha d b e en st ruc k bya bomb .  In 19 53, St Ed wa r d's Cr o wn wasp l ac ed o n the head of Eli z ab e th II in whatis now  t h eo n lycer emony of i ts  kind in Euro p e. T o day ,  140 objectsmake up the Cro wn Jew el s,w hich a re pe rm a nen tly set wit h 23 ,578 prec ious a n d semi- p recious  stone s,and  the y  a re  se en bya ro und 2.5  million  v is itors  eve r y y ear. 

C rown s
Cro wns are the m ain  sym b ols  of r oyalauth or ity.All cr ownsin  the Tower aredeco rated wit h a lt ern at ing c r ossespat tée  and fl eurs-de - lis ,a p at tern which first a pp e a rs  on thegreats ea lo f Richar dIII , an d their  arc h es  are sur mounte d  w it h a mon de  and c ro sspat tée.M ostof the m also h ave a red or purplev elvet cap and an e rm i ne b ord er.

St Edw ard' s  Cro wn
T he  ce n trepi ece o ft he coronation regaliais  named  afte r Edward theConfessora n d  is plac ed o n  t h e monarch's he ad at  the momen t  of crow ning.  Made of  gold and c ompleted  in  16 61,  St E dw ard's Crown i s embe ll ished w ith  444 st one s,inc lud in g amethys ts, garn et s,  p er ido ts, r u bies, sa pp hir es , t opaze s , tour malin es a nd  z i rco ns. The cr o w n wa sfa shio ned  t o clo sely res emble t he mediev alo ne,wi th  a heav y gold base a nd  clustersof  se mi-pre c i ous ston es, but the disproporti o natelylar ge ar ches  are a Ba roq ue aff ect a tion.It was  long  a ssu m e d tob e  t heor iginal ast h eir  weig ht  isalmostidentical, and ani nvo ice was produ ced  in1 6 61  fo r  t h e a dd i tio n of gold to an e xisting cr ow n .In 2008, n e w r es earch f ound th at ac oronati on crownhad beenma de i n 166 0, and itwas enha nced thef ollow i ng  year  wh en Par li ame nt in crease d  th e bud get fo rCharle s II' sdelayedcoronation. The crown i s  tal l, an d a t a weigh t o f   h as been n oted  to be ext rem ely  heav y.A fter1689 ,  m ona r chs c hose to be cro w ne d w i t ha lighter,b e s pok e cor ona t ion cr own(e.g., that of Ge o rge IV) or the ir s t a tecro w n, w hi le St Edward's  Cr ow n rested o nthe high al tar. The  t r aditi on ofusingSt Edwa r d 's Crownwasrev ived in 1 911  f o r the c or on a tion o f Ge or ge V.In 195 3 ,
 sealed_in a_biscuit tin and hidden_in the_basement,_allowing them_to_be recovered swiftly._After the war,_the Jewels were kept_in a vault_at_the Bank of England for two years while the Jewel House was repaired as_the_Tower had_been_struck_by a bomb. In 1953,_St Edward's Crown was placed on_the head_of Elizabeth II in what is now the only_ceremony_of its kind_in Europe. Today, 140 objects make up the Crown_Jewels, which are permanently set with_23,578 precious and_semi-precious_stones,_and they are seen_by around 2.5 million visitors every year.

Crowns
Crowns_are the main symbols of royal_authority. All crowns in the Tower are_decorated with alternating crosses pattée and_fleurs-de-lis, a pattern which first_appears on_the great seal of Richard III,_and their arches_are surmounted_with a monde_and cross pattée. Most of them_also have a_red or purple velvet cap and_an_ermine border.

St Edward's_Crown

The_centrepiece_of the_coronation regalia is_named_after Edward_the_Confessor and is placed on the_monarch's_head at the moment of crowning. Made_of gold and completed_in_1661, St Edward's Crown is_embellished with 444 stones, including_amethysts, garnets, peridots, rubies, sapphires, topazes,_tourmalines and_zircons. The_crown was fashioned to closely resemble the medieval one, with a_heavy gold base and clusters of_semi-precious stones, but the_disproportionately large_arches_are a Baroque_affectation._It was_long assumed to be the original as_their weight_is almost identical, and an invoice_was produced in 1661_for_the addition of gold to an_existing crown. In 2008, new research_found that a coronation crown_had_been_made in 1660, and it_was enhanced the following year when_Parliament increased the_budget for Charles II's delayed coronation. The crown_is_ tall, and at a weight_of_ has been noted to be_extremely_heavy._After 1689, monarchs chose to_be crowned with a lighter, bespoke_coronation crown (e.g., that of George IV) or their state_crown, while St Edward's_Crown rested on the high_altar._The_tradition of using St Edward's Crown was revived in 1911 for_the coronation_of George V. In_1953,