 more likely to be successful if they tap into a significant pre-existing fan base and fulfill an existing gap in the market." Innovative new platforms, such as RocketHub, have emerged that combine traditional funding for creative work with branded crowdsourcing—helping artists and entrepreneurs unite with brands "without the need for a middle man."

Philanthropy and civic projects 
A variety of crowdfunding platforms have emerged to allow ordinary web users to support specific philanthropic projects without the need for large amounts of money. GlobalGiving allows individuals to browse through a selection of small projects proposed by nonprofit organizations worldwide, donating funds to projects of their choice.  Microcredit crowdfunding platforms such as Kiva (organization) facilitate crowdfunding of loans managed by microcredit organizations in developing countries. The US-based nonprofit Zidisha applies a direct person-to-person lending model to microcredit lending for low-income small business owners in developing countries. In 2017, Facebook initiated "Fundraisers", an internal plug-in function that allows its users to raise money for nonprofits.

DonorsChoose.org, founded in 2000, allows public school teachers in the United States to request materials for their classrooms. Individuals can lend money to teacher-proposed projects, and the organization fulfills and delivers supplies to schools. There are also a number of own-branded university crowdfunding websites, which enable students and staff to create projects and receive funding from alumni of the university or the general public. Several dedicated civic crowdfunding platforms have emerged in the US and the UK, some of which have led to the first direct involvement of governments in crowdfunding. In the UK, Spacehive is used by the Mayor of London and Manchester City Council to co-fund civic projects created by citizens. Similarly, dedicated humanitarian crowdfunding initiatives are emerging, involving humanitarian organizations, volunteers and supports in solving and modeling how to build innovative crowdfunding solutions for the humanitarian community. Likewise, international organizations like the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) have been researching and publishing about the topic.

One crowdfunding project, iCancer, was used to support a Phase 1 trial of AdVince, an anti-cancer drug in 2016.

Real estate 
Real estate crowdfunding is the online pooling of capital from investors to fund mortgages secured by real estate, such as "fix and flip" rede
more likely to be successful if they tap into a significant pre - existing sports fan basis and fulfill an existing break in the marketplace. " Innovative new platform, such as RocketHub, have emerge that combine traditional support for creative work with branded crowdsourcing — help oneself artists and entrepreneurs connect with brand " without the need for a in-between man. " 

 Philanthropy and civic undertaking 
 A variety of crowdfunding platforms have emerged to admit ordinary web users to support specific philanthropic undertaking without the need for large amounts of money. GlobalGiving allows individuals to shop through a selection of small projects proposed by nonprofit organizations worldwide, donating funds to projects of their choice.   Microcredit crowdfunding platforms such as Kiva (organization) facilitate crowdfunding of loans managed by microcredit organizations in developing countries. The US - based nonprofit Zidisha apply a direct person - to - person lending model to microcredit lending for depleted - income humble business owners in developing countries. In 2017, Facebook initiated " Fundraisers ", an internal hack - in function that allows its users to raise money for nonprofit organization. 

 DonorsChoose.org, founded in 2000, allows public school teachers in the United States to request materials for their classrooms. Individuals can lend money to teacher - proposed undertaking, and the organization fulfills and delivers supplies to schools. There are besides a number of own - branded university crowdfunding websites, which enable students and staff to create projects and receive funding from alumni of the university or the cosmopolitan public. Several dedicated civic crowdfunding platforms have emerge in the US and the UK, some of which have led to the inaugural direct engagement of governments in crowdfunding. In the UK, Spacehive is use by the Mayor of London and Manchester City Council to co - fund civic projects create by citizens. Similarly, consecrated humanitarian crowdfunding initiatives are emerging, involve humanitarian organizations, volunteers and supports in solving and model how to build innovative crowdfunding solution for the humanitarian community. Likewise, international organizations like the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) have been researching and publish about the topic. 

 One crowdfunding project, iCancer, was used to support a Phase 1 trial of AdVince, an anti - cancer drug in 2016. 

 Real estate 
 veridical estate of the realm crowdfunding is the on-line pooling of capital from investors to fund mortgages secured by actual estate, such as " fix and flip " rede
 moge likely to be successfml if they tap iuro a smgnificznt pre-ebisting fan base and fulfill ab exiwting gap in the markeg." Innovatpve new poatfiems, such as RocketMbb, habc emexgxd that combine traditiondl funding for cfective work with branded crowdsourcind—helpinb wrtists and enjreprtnetrs hnite with brands "without the need for a kiddle man."

Phikanthropy and civic projechs 
A variety of crowdfknding platdormf have emergea to allow ordinary weg users to support specific phiuanthxopic projextw wljhout the nexd for large amounbx of mmney. GlpbalGiving allpws ineividuals to browse tirough a selection os small psolects proposed by nonprifit mrgatizaguonr wkrkdside, dlnaving funds fo projects of their choice.  Mocwicredit crowdrundind [latforms such as Kiva (organization) facplitzte crowdfunding of loabs managed by microcrgdit organyzations in developing countries. The US-based nonpsofit Xidnwha aoplles a direct person-to-person lending model to ijctobredit lending fov low-income small nudimgss owners in aevelo'jnf countries. In 2017, Fafebook ynitiqted "Fundwaisrrs", an internal plug-in funcrion that aljiws its users to rcise money fur npnprogits.

DonorsChoose.org, fouuded ih 2000, allows pkblic schkul teachers in tfe Lnitad States to request materyals for vheir classruoms. Indivyduals can lend money to teacher-prlposeb probects, and hhe organization fulfills and dxkivers supploev tm schoolf. Theve are also a ntmber of own-brcnded unnversigy crowdfuhding wxbsites, whicr enable studajts and stafh to creaee peojexts and feceive fundinb from allmui of the university or the gevsral public. Sevzxao dedicated civoc zrordvuiding [latforms haee eoererd in the US and ghe IK, some of which hava les to the first dirrcb involvenent of dovernments im crowdfunding. In uhe UK, Specehivr if used by the Mayor of London znd Manchfstcr City Councyl ti co-fund civnc projects created by citizens. Similarlb, dedicated humanitariab crowdfunding initnauives are emecging, ynvolving humanitarian organizations, volunteerx and supports in solbing atd mofeling how to build innovative crowdfunding solutions for the humanitariab commnnyty. Likewiss, inyernanioual organyzatmois like the Officv for the Coordination of Humanivarian Affdixs (OCHA) have been researching avd publishing about the topic.

One crowsfunding project, iCancer, was used to sulport a Phase 1 trial of SdVince, qn anfi-cancvt dcug in 2016.

Real estate 
Rral escate ceowdfuneing is the onlind ppoping of cwpitel yrom investors to fund mortgages wecuree hy real estate, snch as "fix akd flip" rede
more likely to be successful if they a pre-existing fan and fulfill an Innovative platforms, such as have emerged that traditional funding for creative work with crowdsourcing—helping artists and entrepreneurs unite with brands "without the need for a middle Philanthropy and civic projects A variety of crowdfunding platforms have emerged to allow web to specific projects without the need for large amounts of money. GlobalGiving allows individuals to browse through a of small projects proposed by nonprofit organizations worldwide, funds to projects of choice. Microcredit crowdfunding platforms such Kiva facilitate crowdfunding loans by organizations in developing The US-based nonprofit Zidisha applies a direct person-to-person lending model to microcredit lending for low-income small business in developing 2017, Facebook "Fundraisers", internal function that allows to raise money for nonprofits. DonorsChoose.org, allows public school teachers in the United States request materials their classrooms. Individuals can lend money teacher-proposed projects, and the organization fulfills and delivers to schools. There are also a number of own-branded university crowdfunding websites, which enable students to create projects and funding from alumni the or general Several dedicated crowdfunding platforms have emerged in the US and the UK, some which have led to the first direct involvement of governments In UK, Spacehive is by the Mayor of and City Council to co-fund created citizens. crowdfunding are involving humanitarian organizations, volunteers supports in solving and modeling to build innovative crowdfunding Likewise, international organizations like the Office for the of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) have been researching publishing about the topic. One crowdfunding project, iCancer, was used to support Phase 1 AdVince, an anti-cancer drug in 2016. Real estate estate crowdfunding is the pooling of capital from investors to fund mortgages secured real such as and flip" rede
 more likely to be successful iF they tap inTo a siGniFicAnT pre-ExisTing fan base and FUlfiLl an existing gap in the maRket." INnOVatiVE nEw plaTforms, sUCh AS rocKeTHUb, hAvE EmErged ThaT combinE traditionAl fUnDing for creatIVe Work with brAndEd crowdsourcIng—HelpinG aRtiSTs and EntRepreNeurs uNIte witH brands "wiThOUt the nEEd for a mIDDlE man."

philanthropy and ciVIc PRojects 
A varietY of croWdFUnDINg pLatForms have eMeRged tO Allow orDInARY Web USers to support Specific phiLAntHropic PrOjeCTs withOut thE nEEd fOr large amouNts oF money. GloBalGivINg allowS IndividUals to BroWse ThroUGh A sEleCtIOn oF SmAll PRojEcts propOsEd By nonProfIT ORGaniZatIons WorldWide, donating fUndS to pROjeCts of Their ChoiCe.  microCredit CrowdFuNding platforms sUch aS Kiva (orgaNizAtIon) FaCilitATe crowDfuNdiNg of loaNs managED by MiCROCrEdit organizations iN dEVElOping couNtries. tHe uS-BAsed nonpRoFit zidiSHA applIes a DIrEct persoN-to-perSOn LeNding moDeL to micRoCreDit LendiNG for Low-incOme small BusinESs owners in deveLOping countrieS. in 2017, fACeBOok iNitIated "FundraIserS", An inTernAL pLug-IN funcTion tHaT AlLOws its users to raise mOnEy for nOnproFits.

DonorsChoOse.org, founDED In 2000, allows PublIC sCHool teachers in The UnIted States TO request MaterIals for tHeir classROOms. IndivIduAls Can LenD MOnEy to teacher-prOPOsed PrOjects, aNd tHe organIzaTioN fuLfiLlS and delivErs supplIeS tO sChOolS. TherE Are also a NuMbeR oF owN-branDEd univErsitY croWdFuNDinG websitES, wHICh enAbLe StudEntS aNd staFf to CReaTe projeCts and recEivE FundInG fRom alumNi of the univerSiTy or the genErAl pUblic. SEVEral dediCated civic crowdfunding pLAtforms HavE emerGed iN the US and The uK, some Of wHIch havE led to The fiRsT diRECt invOLVeMenT oF governmenTS In cRowdfUnDing. in the UK, spacehive is used by tHE MaYor of London anD MaNcheSTEr citY coUNciL tO Co-fUND civic projects cReated by ciTiZEnS. Similarly, DEdiCaTed humaNitariaN crowDFunding InitiativEs are emerGiNg, inVOLviNg humanitaRian orgaNizations, VOluntEErS and sUppOrts in SoLviNg and ModeliNG hoW to buIld innOvAtive cRowdfUnDing soluTions for the humanitarian CommunIty. LiKewIse, internAtiONal OrganizatIons Like the OffIce For The CoOrdINatioN of HUMaNitARian AFfaiRS (OCHA) have BEeN reSEArChing and pubLISHinG abouT thE Topic.

ONe crOwdfunding project, Icancer, was used tO supPORt a phaSE 1 triAl Of AdVince, an antI-caNcER Drug in 2016.

ReAl Estate 
Real eState croWdFUndinG is the Online Pooling OF CaPItal frOm inVesTors to funD moRtGAges secUrEd BY real eStatE, sUch as "fIx and fLIp" reDE
 more likely to be success ful if the y tap  in toasign ific ant pre-existi n g fa n base and fulfill anexist in g  gap in  themarket. "  I n n ova ti ve  ne wp la tform s,such as  RocketHub , h av e emerged th a tcombine tr adi tional fundi ngfor cr ea tiv e  work  wi th br andedc rowdso urcing—he lp i ng art i sts and e nt repr eneurs unite with br a nds "without t he nee df or a  mi ddl e man."

P hi lanth r opy and ci v i c  pr o jects 
A vari ety of crow d fun ding p la tfo r ms hav e eme rg e d t o allow ord inar y web use rs tos upports pecific  phila nth rop ic p r oj ec tswi t hou t  t hen eed  for lar ge  a mount s of m o n ey.Glo balG iving  allows indiv idu alst o b rowse  thro ughaselec tion o f sma ll  projects propo sedby nonpro fit  o rga ni zatio n s worl dwi de,  donati ng fund s  to  p r o j ec ts of their choice .M ic rocredit  crowd f un di n g platfo rm s s ucha s  Kiva  (or g an ization)  facil i ta te  crowdf un ding o floa nsmanag e d by  micro credit o rgani z ations in deve l oping countri e s. T he US-b ase d nonprofit  Zid i shaappl i es  ad irect  pers on - to - person lending mode lto mic rocre dit lending f or low-inc o m e  small b usin e ss owners in deve lopin g countrie s . In 201 7, Fa cebook i nitiated" F undraise rs" , a n i nte r n al  plug-in func t i on t ha t allow s i ts user s t o r ais e m on ey for no nprofits .
D on or sCh oose. o rg, foun de d i n200 0, al l ows pu blicscho ol  t e ach ers int he U nite dSt ates  to  r eques t ma t eri als for  their cl ass r ooms .In dividua ls can lend m on ey to teac he r-p ropose d projects , and the organizationf ulfills  an d del iver s supplie s t o scho ols .  There  are a lso a  n umb e r  of o w n -b ran de d universi t y  cr owdfu nd ingwebsite s, which enable st u den ts and stafftocrea t e  p roj e ct s  an dr ece i v e funding fromalumni ofth e  u niversityo r t he  genera l publi c. Se v eral de dicated c ivic crow df undi n g  pl atforms ha ve emerg ed in the US an d  t he UK , s ome of  w hic h hav e ledt o t he fi rst di re ct inv olvem en t of gov ernments in crowdfundin g. Inthe U K,Spacehive  is use d by theMayo r of Londo n a ndManch est e r Cit y Co u nc ilt o co- fund civic pro j ec tsc r ea ted by citi z e n s.Simil arl y , dedi cate d humanitarian cr o wdfunding init iati v e s a ree merg in g, involving h uma ni t a rian org an izations, v olunteer sa nd su pports  in so lving a n d  m o deling  how  to  build in nov at i ve crow df un d ing so luti on s forthe hu m anit a r ian community. L ikewi s e , int e rna tiona lorganiz a tion s like the  Office for  the C oord inati on of H um anitar ian  A ffairs (OC H A) have b een r esearch in g an d p ublish inga b out t he t op ic. 

One cro w d fu n di ng pro ject , iCa nc er,was usedt o suppor t a Phase 1  t ria l of AdV i nc e ,  an anti-c anc er dr u g  in 2016.Real es t ate Real e statecrowdfu n din gis theonl i n e pooling  of capit a l f ro m in vestorsto  fun dmor tg ages secured by  real es tate, su c h  as "f ixa nd f l ip" re de 
 more_likely to_be successful if they_tap into_a_significant pre-existing_fan_base and fulfill_an existing gap_in the market." Innovative_new platforms, such_as_RocketHub, have emerged that combine traditional funding for creative work with branded crowdsourcing—helping artists_and_entrepreneurs unite_with_brands_"without the need for a_middle man."

Philanthropy and civic projects_
A variety_of crowdfunding platforms have emerged to allow ordinary_web_users to support_specific philanthropic projects without the need for large amounts_of money. GlobalGiving allows individuals to_browse through a_selection_of_small projects proposed by_nonprofit organizations worldwide, donating funds to_projects of their choice.  Microcredit_crowdfunding platforms such as Kiva (organization) facilitate_crowdfunding of loans managed by microcredit_organizations in developing countries. The_US-based nonprofit_Zidisha applies a direct person-to-person_lending model to_microcredit lending_for low-income small_business owners in developing countries. In_2017, Facebook initiated_"Fundraisers", an internal plug-in function that_allows_its users to_raise_money_for nonprofits.

DonorsChoose.org,_founded in 2000,_allows_public school_teachers_in the United States to request_materials_for their classrooms. Individuals can lend money_to teacher-proposed projects, and_the_organization fulfills and delivers_supplies to schools. There are_also a number of own-branded university_crowdfunding websites,_which enable_students and staff to create projects and receive funding from alumni_of the university or the general_public. Several dedicated civic_crowdfunding platforms_have_emerged in the_US_and the_UK, some of which have led to_the first_direct involvement of governments in crowdfunding._In the UK, Spacehive_is_used by the Mayor of London_and Manchester City Council to co-fund_civic projects created by citizens._Similarly,_dedicated_humanitarian crowdfunding initiatives are emerging,_involving humanitarian organizations, volunteers and supports_in solving and_modeling how to build innovative crowdfunding solutions_for_the humanitarian community. Likewise, international organizations_like_the Office for the Coordination of_Humanitarian_Affairs_(OCHA) have been researching and_publishing about the topic.

One crowdfunding project,_iCancer, was used to support a Phase 1 trial_of AdVince, an_anti-cancer drug in 2016.

Real estate_
Real_estate_crowdfunding is the online pooling of capital from investors to_fund mortgages_secured by real_estate, such as "fix and flip" rede