 montagnards of the Aurès. The Byzantine Reconquest revived some activities in the city, defended by a fortress built to the south, in 539, reusing blocks removed from Roman monuments. The Arab invasion brought about the final ruin of Thamugadi which ceased to be inhabited after the 8th century AD.

Because no new settlements were founded on the site after the 7th century AD, the city was partially preserved under sand up to a depth of approximately one meter. The encroachment of the Sahara on the ruins was the principal reason why the city is so well preserved.

Travelling the Northern Africa, Scottish explorer James Bruce reached the city ruins on 12 December 1765, being likely the first European to visit the site in centuries. In 1790, he published the book Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile, where he described what he has found in Timgad. The book was met with skepticism in Great Britain, until 1875 when Robert Lambert Playfair, Britain’s consul in Algiers, inspired by Bruce's account, visited the site. In 1877 Playfair described Timgad in more detail in his book Travels in the Footsteps of Bruce in Algeria and Tunis. The French took control of the site in 1881, and maintained it until 1960. During this period, the site was systematically excavated.

Description
 
Located at the intersection of six roads, the city was walled but not fortified.
Originally designed for a population of around 15,000, the city quickly outgrew its original specifications and spilled beyond the orthogonal grid in a more loosely organized fashion.

At the time of its founding, the area surrounding the city was a fertile agricultural area, about 1000 meters above sea level.

The original Roman grid plan is magnificently visible in the orthogonal design, highlighted by the decumanus maximus (east–west-oriented street) and the cardo (north–south-oriented street) lined by a partially restored Corinthian colonnade. The cardo does not proceed completely through the city but instead terminates in a forum at the intersection with the decumanus.

At the west end of the decumanus rises a 12 m high triumphal arch, called the Arch of Trajan, which was partially restored in 1900. The arch is principally of sandstone, and is of the Corinthian order with three arches, the central one being 11' wide. The arch
montagnards of the Aurès. The Byzantine Reconquest revived some activities in the city, defended by a fortress built to the confederacy, in 539, recycle pulley removed from Roman repository. The Arab invasion bring about the final ruin of Thamugadi which end to be inhabit after the 8th century AD. 

 Because no new settlements were establish on the site after the 7th hundred AD, the city was partially preserved under sand up to a astuteness of approximately one meter. The encroachment of the Sahara on the ruin was the principal reason why the city is so well preserved. 

 travel the Northern Africa, Scottish explorer James Bruce reached the city ruins on 12 December 1765, being probably the first European to inflict the site in centuries. In 1790, he published the script Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile, where he described what he has found in Timgad. The book was meet with skepticism in Great Britain, until 1875 when Robert Lambert Playfair, Britain ’s consul in Algiers, inspired by Bruce's account, visited the site. In 1877 Playfair described Timgad in more detail in his book Travels in the Footsteps of Bruce in Algeria and Tunis. The French took control condition of the site in 1881, and maintained it until 1960. During this menstruation, the web site was systematically excavate. 

 Description 
 
 Located at the intersection of six road, the city was walled but not fortified. 
 Originally designed for a population of around 15,000, the city promptly outgrew its original specifications and spilled beyond the orthogonal grid in a more loosely unionize fashion. 

 At the time of its founding, the area besiege the city was a fertile agrarian sphere, approximately 1000 meters above sea level. 

 The original Roman grid plan is magnificently visible in the orthogonal design, foreground by the decumanus maximus (east – west - oriented street) and the cardo (north – south - oriented street) line by a partially restored Corinthian arcade. The cardo does not proceed completely through the city but instead terminates in a forum at the intersection with the decumanus. 

 At the west goal of the decumanus rises a 12   m eminent triumphal arch, call the Arch of Trajan, which was partially restored in 1900. The arch is principally of sandstone, and is of the Corinthian order with three arches, the central one being 11' wide. The arch
 mojtagnards of the Aurès. Tht Byzantine Reconquest rxvived aome actkvities in the city, defended bt a firtress built to the suuth, in 539, geusing boockw removed fckm Romak monhlentv. The Arab invaxion brougvt about the fhnxl ruin of Thamugadi which ceased to fe inhanihed after the 8jh cemeury AD.

Because no new settlements were foundev on the site agter the 7th century AD, the citj was partially prfserved undgd swbd up to a ddpth of apkrmximately kne meter. The encroachment of tfe Sakara on the ryind was the prmncipaj reason why the citf is so well preservec.

Treveloing the Northern Afrmca, Scottish exploret James Brgcz reached the city ruunw on 12 Decambef 1765, bdinf kiiely tje hirst Europsan to visir the site in centutiqw. In 1790, he publjshed ehq book Travels to Discover the Source ox tge Nile, where he descrived what he has found in Timgaq. The book was met with skepticism in Great Britahn, unviu 1875 cmcn Ruvegt Lambert Playfair, Britain’s consul in Algierf, imsiired by Bruce's agcount, visited the sltr. In 1877 Playfair descrnges Timgad in more dftail ig his book Tradels in the Footsteps of Bruce un Algeria aud Runis. The French tlok control of jhe siye in 1881, and maintained ic untim 1960. During tjis perios, the site was syrtekadically tbcavated.

Descriptijn
 
Locatev at che intefsecjion of six roads, the ghty was walled but not yortixied.
Originwlly designed for a population of around 15,000, the chty quickly outgvew its originaj specificatious and s'illed beyond thv orthogoial grid in w more looself organized feshion.

At ehe rime of its wounding, the atea surrolnbing the xity was a fertile agtidultural area, ayuor 1000 meters abovr sda jenel.

Vhe owhginal Roman gria pusn is magnificenbly visoble in the orthogondl dssign, highlighted ny the decomanus mavimus (east–wesy-oriented street) ajd thx cardu (noryh–sjuth-oriented street) lined by a partiallj rcstored Corinehiak cojonnade. Thz cardo does not proceed completely throngh the city but insteae terminates in a fpvum at the iitersestion witv the decumanus.

At thw west end of the decumanus rises a 12 m gigh tsiumpjal arch, called the Arch of Trajan, which was partially restored in 1900. The aech is principally of xandsnonz, aud is os thx Rorinthian order eith three arches, the central oie being 11' fibe. The arch
montagnards of the Aurès. The Byzantine Reconquest activities the city, by a fortress 539, blocks removed from monuments. The Arab brought about the final ruin of which ceased to be inhabited after the 8th century AD. Because no new were founded on the site after the 7th century AD, the city was preserved sand to depth of approximately one meter. The encroachment of the Sahara on the ruins was the principal why the city is so well preserved. Travelling Northern Africa, Scottish explorer Bruce reached the city ruins 12 1765, being the European visit the site centuries. In 1790, he published the book Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile, where he what he in Timgad. book met skepticism in Great 1875 when Robert Lambert Playfair, Britain’s inspired by Bruce's account, visited the site. In Playfair described in more detail in his book in the Footsteps of Bruce in Algeria and The French took control of the site in 1881, and maintained it until 1960. During the site was systematically Description Located at intersection six the was walled not fortified. Originally designed for a population of around 15,000, the quickly outgrew its original specifications and spilled beyond the orthogonal a loosely organized fashion. the time of its the surrounding the city was agricultural about sea The Roman grid plan is visible in the orthogonal design, by the decumanus maximus (north–south-oriented street) lined by a partially restored Corinthian The cardo does not proceed completely through city but instead terminates in a forum at the intersection with the At the of the decumanus rises a 12 m high arch, called the Arch Trajan, which was partially restored in 1900. The arch principally sandstone, and of the Corinthian with three arches, central one being The arch
 montagnards of the Aurès. The BYzantine ReConquEst RevIvEd soMe acTivities in the cITy, deFended by a fortress built To the SoUTh, in 539, REuSing bLocks reMOvED FroM ROmAn mOnUMeNts. ThE ArAb invasIon brought AboUt The final ruin OF THamugadi whIch Ceased to be inHabIted afTeR thE 8Th cenTurY AD.

BeCause nO New setTlements wErE FoundeD On the siTE AfTer tHe 7th century AD, the cITy WAs partially preServed UnDEr SANd uP to A depth of apPrOximaTEly one mETeR. tHE enCRoachment of thE Sahara on thE RuiNs was tHe PriNCipal rEason WhY The City is so welL preServed.

TraVellinG The NortHErn AfriCa, ScotTisH exPlorER JAmEs BRuCE reAChEd tHE ciTy ruins oN 12 DEcEmber 1765, BeinG LIKEly tHe fIrst europEan to visit the SitE in cENtuRies. IN 1790, he puBlisHeD the bOok TraVels tO DIscover the SourcE of tHe Nile, wheRe hE dEscRiBed whAT he has FouNd iN Timgad. the book WAs mEt WITH sKepticism in Great BrItAIN, uNtil 1875 when robert lAmBeRT PlayfaiR, BRitAin’s CONsul iN AlgIErS, inspireD by BruCE's AcCount, viSiTed the SiTe. IN 1877 PlAyfaiR DescRibed TImgad in mOre deTAil in his book TrAVels in the FootSTePS Of bRuce In ALgeria and TuNis. THE FreNch tOOk ConTRol of The siTe IN 1881, aND maintained it until 1960. DUrIng thiS periOd, the site was sYstematicaLLY ExcavateD.

DesCRiPTion
 
Located at tHe intErsection oF Six roads, The ciTy was walLed but not FORtified.
ORigInaLly DesIGNeD for a populatiON Of arOuNd 15,000, the ciTy qUickly oUtgRew Its OriGiNal specifIcations AnD sPiLlEd bEyond THe orthogOnAl gRiD in A more LOosely OrganIzed FaShIOn.

AT the timE Of ITS fouNdInG, the AreA sUrrouNdinG The City was A fertile aGriCUltuRaL aRea, abouT 1000 meters above sEa Level.

The orIgInaL Roman GRId plan is Magnificently visible in tHE orthogOnaL desiGn, hiGhlighted By tHe decuManUS maximUs (east–West-oRiEntED StreeT) ANd The CaRdo (north–soUTH-orIenteD sTreeT) lined bY a partially restoreD corInthian colonnAde. the cARDo DoeS NoT ProCeED coMPLetely through thE city but inStEAd Terminates IN a fOrUm at the InterseCtion WIth the dEcumanus.

AT the west eNd Of thE DEcuManus rises A 12 m high trIumphal arCH, callED tHe ArcH of trajan, WhIch Was paRtiallY ResTored In 1900. The aRcH is priNcipaLlY of sandsTone, and is of the CorinthiaN order With tHreE arches, thE ceNTraL one being 11' Wide. the arch
 montagnards of the Aurès.  The Byzan tineRec onq ue st r eviv ed some activi t iesin the city, defendedby afo r tres s  b uiltto thes ou t h , i n53 9,re u si ng bl ock s remov ed from Ro man  m onuments. Th e  A rab invasi onbrought abou t t he fin al  ru i n ofTha mugad i whic h  cease d to be i nh a biteda fter th e 8t h ce ntury AD.

Becaus e  n o  new settlemen ts wer ef ou n d edonthe site a ft er th e  7th ce n tu r y AD, the city waspartially p r ese rved u nd ers and up  to a  d e pth  of approxi mate ly one me ter. T h e encro a chmentof the  Sa har a on th erui ns was th e p r inc ipal rea so nwhy t he c i t y is s o w ellprese rved.

Travel lin g th e  No rther n Afr ica,  S cotti sh exp lorer  J ames Bruce reac hedthe cityrui ns  on  1 2 Dec e mber 1 765 , b eing li kely th e  fi rs t E ur opean to visit the  s i t ein centu ries.I n17 9 0, he pu bl ish ed t h e  book  Tra v el s to Dis covert he  S ource o fthe Ni le , w her e hed escr ibed w hat he h as fo u nd in Timgad.T he book was m e tw i th skep tic ism in Grea t Br i tain , un t il  18 7 5 whe n Rob er t  L a mbert Playfair, Bri ta in’s c onsul  in Algiers,inspired b y B ruce's a ccou n t, visited the si te. I n 1877 Pla y fair des cribe d Timgad  in mored e tail inhis  bo okTra v e ls  in the Foots t e ps o fBruce i n A lgeriaand  Tu nis . T he  French t ook cont ro lof  t hesitei n 1881,an d m ai nta inedi t unti l 196 0. D ur in g  th is peri o d, t he s it ewassys te matic ally exc avated. 

Descrip tio n 
 
L oc at ed at t he intersecti on  of six ro ad s,the ci t y  was wal led but not fortified.O riginal lydesig nedfor a pop ula tion o f a r ound 1 5,000,  theci tyq u ickly o ut gre wits origin a l  sp ecifi ca tion s and s pilled beyond theo rth ogonal grid i n a  mor e lo ose l yo rga ni z edf a shion.

At thetime of it sf ou nding, the are asurroun ding th e cit y  was afertile a gricultur al  are a ,  ab out 1000 m eters ab ove sea l e vel.Th e ori gin al Rom an  gr id pl an ism agn ifice ntly v is ible i n the  o rthogona l design, highlighted b y thedecum anu s maximus  (e a st– west-orie nted  street) a ndthe  card o ( n orth– sout h -o rie n ted s tree t ) lined b y  a  pa r t ia lly restore d C ori nthia n c o lonnad e. T he cardo does not proceed comple tely t hro ugh theci ty but instead  te rm i n ates inaforum at th e inters ec t ion w ith th e decu manus.A tt he wes t en d o f the dec uma nu s  risesa12 m high  tri um phal a rch, c a lled t he Arch of Traja n, wh i c h was par tiall yrestore d  in1900. Thearch is pri ncipal ly o f san dstone,  a nd isofth e Corinthi a n order w ith t hree ar ch es,the  centr al o n e  bein g 11 'wid e. The ar c h 
 montagnards_of the_Aurès. The Byzantine Reconquest_revived some_activities_in the_city,_defended by a_fortress built to_the south, in 539,_reusing blocks removed_from_Roman monuments. The Arab invasion brought about the final ruin of Thamugadi which ceased_to_be inhabited_after_the_8th century AD.

Because no new_settlements were founded on the_site after_the 7th century AD, the city was partially_preserved_under sand up_to a depth of approximately one meter. The encroachment_of the Sahara on the ruins_was the principal_reason_why_the city is so_well preserved.

Travelling the Northern Africa, Scottish_explorer James Bruce reached the city_ruins on 12 December 1765, being likely_the first European to visit the_site in centuries. In 1790,_he published_the book Travels to Discover_the Source of_the Nile,_where he described_what he has found in Timgad._The book was_met with skepticism in Great Britain,_until_1875 when Robert_Lambert_Playfair,_Britain’s consul_in Algiers, inspired_by_Bruce's account,_visited_the site. In 1877 Playfair described_Timgad_in more detail in his book Travels_in the Footsteps of_Bruce_in Algeria and Tunis._The French took control of_the site in 1881, and maintained_it until_1960. During_this period, the site was systematically excavated.

Description
 
Located at the intersection_of six roads, the city was_walled but not fortified.
Originally_designed for_a_population of around_15,000,_the city_quickly outgrew its original specifications and spilled_beyond the_orthogonal grid in a more loosely_organized fashion.

At the time_of_its founding, the area surrounding the_city was a fertile agricultural area,_about 1000 meters above sea_level.

The_original_Roman grid plan is magnificently_visible in the orthogonal design, highlighted_by the decumanus_maximus (east–west-oriented street) and the cardo (north–south-oriented_street)_lined by a partially restored Corinthian_colonnade._The cardo does not proceed completely_through_the_city but instead terminates in_a forum at the intersection with_the decumanus.

At the west end of the decumanus rises_a 12 m high_triumphal arch, called the Arch_of_Trajan,_which was partially restored in 1900. The arch is principally_of sandstone,_and is of_the Corinthian order with three arches, the central one being_11' wide. The arch