 live exports largely because of the suffering of cattle during these long-distance journeys. The RSPCA, which had been campaigning for a complete ban on live exports since 1991, said: "All animals should be slaughtered as close as possible to where they are reared." The British Veterinary Association adopted a similar stance, declaring that they were "opposed to the export of animals for immediate slaughter and believe that all animals should be slaughtered as near to the point of production as possible." 

There was also concern about the continuing export of between 300,000 and 400,000 calves each year to Europe, where they were then confined in darkness in veal crates and fed on low-iron, liquid diets designed to produce a commercially valuable pale flesh. Veal crates had been banned in Britain since 1990, but there were no regulations in place to prevent the export of calves to other countries using veal crates or on the subsequent re-import of the meat into Britain.

In 1992 250,000 live calves had been exported for veal crating to the Netherlands alone, and 1.4 million live sheep had been exported. Following the introduction of the single European market in 1993, live animals were regarded as "'agricultural products' in exactly the same way as a consignment of turnips", and any attempt to regulate their journey times or conditions of travel was interpreted as 'a restraint on trade' and, therefore, illegal.

Commercial interests
Commercial interests played a large part in the growth of live exports. Although it cost four times as much to transport a live animal to France than a carcass, British lambs slaughtered in French abattoirs were marked with a French meat inspection stamp instead of the UK abattoir stamp used on British carcass imports. This allowed the meat to be labelled and sold to consumers as "French produced" at a large premium, outweighing the increased transport costs. 

A similar practice was carried out in Spain with consignments of live animals exported ostensibly "for further fattening." This bypassed a British ban on animals being exported for slaughter in Spanish abattoirs, which had been imposed because of "public revulsion at [Spanish] slaughterhouse standards." After a few days of grazing in Spain, the animals were re-classified as Spanish-reared and subsequently slaughtered.

Live animals also provided extra profit for slaughterhouses in the form of the so-called "fifth quarter":
live exports largely because of the suffering of cattle during these long - distance journey. The RSPCA, which had been campaign for a complete ban on hot export since 1991, said: " All animals should be slaughtered equally near as possible to where they are reared. " The British Veterinary Association adopted a similar stance, declare that they were " opposed to the export of animals for contiguous slaughter and believe that all animals should be slaughtered as near to the point of product as possible. " 

 There was also business about the continuing export of between 300,000 and 400,000 calves each class to Europe, where they were then confined in iniquity in veal crates and feed on low - iron, liquid diets design to produce a commercially valuable pale flesh. Veal crates had been banned in Britain since 1990, but there were no regulations in place to prevent the export of calves to other countries using veal crates or on the subsequent re - import of the meat into Britain. 

 In 1992 250,000 live calves had been export for veal crating to the Netherlands alone, and 1.4 million live sheep had been export. Following the introduction of the single European market in 1993, hot animals were regarded as "' agricultural products' in precisely the same way as a consignment of turnips ", and any attempt to regulate their journey time or conditions of travel was interpreted as' a restraint on trade' and, therefore, illegal. 

 Commercial interest 
 Commercial interests played a large part in the growth of hot exports. Although it cost four times as much to enchant a live animal to France than a carcass, British lambs slaughtered in French abattoir were marked with a French meat inspection stamp instead of the UK abattoir stamp use on British carcass import. This allowed the kernel to be labelled and betray to consumers as " French produced " at a large premium, outweighing the increase transport costs. 

 A similar practice was carried out in Spain with consignments of live animals exported apparently " for further fattening. " This bypassed a British ban on animal being exported for slaughter in Spanish abattoirs, which had been inflict because of " public revulsion at [ Spanish ] slaughterhouse standards. " After a few days of grazing in Spain, the animals were re - classified as Spanish - reared and subsequently slaughtered. 

 Live animals besides provided extra net income for abattoir in the form of the so - call " fifth quarter ":
 lige exports largely becaure of the suffetibg of rattle suring tfese long-distance journeys. Tie RWPCA, qhich had been campaigving for w complere ben on live exporva since 1991, said: "Wll cnmmals should be slaughterad as close as pusdible to where they are reared." The Fritish Vfterinary Assosiatpog adkittd a similar stance, declaring thaf they xere "opposed to the export of animals for immfdiate slaughter ajd believe jgat qll animals rhould be slaughtered zs near to the point of productkon ax possible." 

Tyerf was also cincerg about the gpntinuhng expprt of between 300,000 aid 400,000 xalves each year to Enrope, where they werg then conxiued in darkness in veql cratgs ang fea on los-icon, liquif dmets designsd to produxe a commercially vsltqble pale fleah. Veaj srates had been banned in Britain since 1990, bht there were no regularions in place to pregent the qxport of calves to other countries using veal crdtes kf ou the rybdequent re-import of the meat into Britain.

In 1992 250,000 mife calves had becn exported for vesl ctwting to the Vetherlanss alone, and 1.4 milllon livg sheep had beeg exlorted. Following the introdyction of thv sibgle European markzt in 1993, live cnimalx werr regarded as "'agricultuxal prkducts' in edactly ths same way as a cunspgnmant of turnips", and any attqmpt to rxgulace their joutney tiies or confitiokv of travel was inherprgted av 'a restralnt on trade' and, therefore, illejel.

Commercial ondervsts
Commexcial lnterests playeq a large part in the growgh of live exportv. Although yt cost four dlmes as much to tranfporr a oive ankoal to France yhan a cagccss, Britiwh lambs slaughtercd in Rrench abattoirw wtrw marked with s Ffensh mxat igvpection stakp ivstdsd of the UK ababtokr syamp used on British cardass imports. This sljowed thg meat to be labelled snd sold to consumtrs as "Frxnch ptodoced" at a large premium, outweigging the lncveased transpjrt gostf. 

A similax practice was carried out in Spain with consignments of luve animals exporteb pstensibly "hor fuwther fatdening." This bypassed a British ban on animals being exportsd for slauhhter in Spanish abattoirs, which had been imposed because of "public revulwion av [Fpanish] slahghtrrhouve xtandawds." Efver a few days of grazing in Spain, the animals wxre re-clasviyied as Spanish-reared and subxeduently slaugftered.

Live animals also lrovided extra profit for slaughterhousrs in the form of the so-galled "fidth qharter":
live exports largely because of the suffering during long-distance journeys. RSPCA, which had ban live exports since said: "All animals be slaughtered as close as possible where they are reared." The British Veterinary Association adopted a similar stance, declaring they were "opposed to the export of animals for immediate slaughter and believe all should slaughtered near to the point of production as possible." There was also concern about the continuing export between 300,000 and 400,000 calves each year to where they were then in darkness in veal crates fed low-iron, liquid designed produce commercially valuable pale Veal crates had been banned in Britain since 1990, but there were no regulations in place to the export to other using crates on the subsequent the meat into Britain. In 1992 had been exported for veal crating to the alone, and million live sheep had been exported. the introduction of the single European market in live animals were regarded as "'agricultural products' in exactly the same way as a consignment and any attempt to their journey times conditions travel interpreted 'a restraint trade' and, therefore, illegal. Commercial interests Commercial interests played a large in the growth of live exports. Although it cost four much transport a live to France than a British slaughtered in French abattoirs with French instead the abattoir stamp used on carcass imports. This allowed the to be labelled and produced" at a large premium, outweighing the increased costs. A similar practice was carried out Spain with consignments of live animals exported ostensibly "for further fattening." This a British animals being exported for slaughter in Spanish abattoirs, had been imposed because "public revulsion at [Spanish] slaughterhouse standards." After a few of in Spain, animals were re-classified Spanish-reared and subsequently Live animals also profit for in form "fifth quarter":
 live exports largely because Of the suffeRing oF caTtlE dUrinG theSe long-distance JOurnEys. The RSPCA, which had beeN campAiGNing FOr A compLete ban ON lIVE exPoRtS siNcE 1991, SaId: "All AniMals shoUld be slaugHteReD as close as poSSiBle to where TheY are reared." ThE BrItish VEtEriNAry AsSocIatioN adoptED a simiLar stance, DeCLaring THat they WERe "OppoSed to the export of aNImALs for immediate SlaughTeR AnD BEliEve That all aniMaLs shoULd be slaUGhTEREd aS Near to the poinT of productiON as PossibLe." 

theRE was alSo conCeRN abOut the contiNuinG export of BetweeN 300,000 And 400,000 calvES each yeAr to EuRopE, whEre tHEy WeRe tHeN ConFInEd iN DarKness in vEaL cRates And fED ON Low-iRon, LiquId dieTs designed to pRodUce a COmmErciaLly vaLuabLe Pale fLesh. VeAl craTeS had been banned iN BriTain since 1990, But ThEre WeRe no rEGulatiOns In pLace to pRevent tHE exPoRT OF cAlves to other countrIeS USiNg veal crAtes or ON tHe SUbsequenT rE-imPort OF The meAt inTO BRitain.

In 1992 250,000 Live caLVeS hAd been eXpOrted fOr VeaL crAting TO the netherLands aloNe, and 1.4 MIllion live sheeP Had been exportED. FOLLoWIng tHe iNtroduction Of thE SingLe EuROpEan MArket In 1993, livE aNImALs were regarded as "'agrIcUlturaL prodUcts' in exactly The same way AS A ConsignmEnt oF TuRNips", and any atteMpt to Regulate thEIr journeY timeS or condiTions of trAVEl was intErpRetEd aS 'a rESTrAint on trade' anD, THereFoRe, illegAl.

COmmerciAl iNteResTs
COmMercial inTerests pLaYeD a LaRge Part iN The growtH oF liVe ExpOrts. ALThough It cosT fouR tImES as Much to tRAnSPOrt a LiVe AnimAl tO FRance Than A CarCass, BriTish lambs SlaUGhteReD iN French Abattoirs were MaRked with a FReNch Meat inSPEction stAmp instead of the UK abattoIR stamp uSed On BriTish Carcass imPorTs. This AllOWed the Meat to Be labElLed AND sold TO CoNsuMeRs as "French PROduCed" at A lArge Premium, Outweighing the incrEAseD transport cosTs. 

A SimiLAR pRacTIcE Was CaRRieD OUt in Spain with coNsignments Of LIvE animals exPOrtEd OstensiBly "for fUrtheR FatteniNg." This bypAssed a BriTiSh baN ON anImals being Exported For slaughTEr in SPAnIsh abAttOirs, whIcH haD been ImposeD BecAuse oF "publiC rEvulsiOn at [SPaNish] slauGhterhouse standards." AfteR a few dAys of GraZing in SpaIn, tHE anImals were Re-clAssified as spaNisH-rearEd aND subsEqueNTlY slAUghteRed.

LIVe animals ALsO prOVIdEd extra profIT FOr sLaughTerHOuses iN the Form of the so-called "FIfth quarter":
 live exports largely beca use of the  suff eri ngof  cat tleduring these l o ng-d istance journeys. TheRSPCA ,w hich ha d bee n campa i gn i n g f or  a  co mp l et e ban  on  live e xports sin ce19 91, said: "A l lanimals sh oul d be slaught ere d as c lo sea s pos sib le to  where they a re reared ." The Br i tish Ve t e ri nary  Association adop t ed a similar stan ce, de cl a ri n g  th atthey were"o ppose d  to the ex p o r t o f  animals forimmediate s l aug hter a nd  be l ieve t hat a ll ani mals should  beslaughter ed asn ear tot he poin t of p rod uct iona spo ssi bl e ."
T her e  wa s also c on ce rn ab outt h e cont inu ingexpor t of between300 ,000 and  400, 000 c alve seachyear t o Eur op e, where they w erethen conf ine dinda rknes s  in ve alcra tes and  fed on low -i r o n ,liquid diets desig ne d to  produce  a com m er ci a lly valu ab lepale f lesh.  Vea l  c rates ha d been ba nn ed in B ri tain s in ce199 0, bu t  the re wer e no reg ulati o ns in place to prevent the e x po r t  o f  cal ves  to other c ount r iesusin g  v eal crate s oron th e  subsequent re-impo rt  of th e mea t into Britai n.

In 199 2 2 50,000 l ivec al v es had been ex porte d for veal cratingto th e Nether lands alo n e , and 1. 4 m ill ion  li v e  s heep had been e xpor te d. Foll owi ng theint rod uct ion  o f the sin gle Euro pe an  m ar ket  in 1 9 93, live  a nim al s w ere r e garded  as " 'agr ic ul t ura l produ c ts ' in e xa ct ly t hesa me wa y as a c onsignm ent of tu rni p s",an dany att empt to regul at e their jo ur ney  times o r condit ions of travel was inte r pretedas'a re stra int on tr ade ' and,  th e refore , ille gal.
C omm e r ciali n te res ts 
Commercia l int erest splay ed a la rge part in the gr o wth  of live expo rts . Al t h ou ghi tc ost  f o urt i mes as much totransportal iv e animal t o  Fr an ce than  a carc ass,B ritishlambs sla ughteredin  Fre n c h a battoirs w ere mark ed with a Frenc h  m eat i nsp ection  s tam p ins tead o f  th e UKabatto ir  stamp  used  o n Britis h carcass imports. This  allow ed th e m eat to be  la b ell ed and so ld t o consumer s a s " Frenc h p r oduce d" a t  a  la r ge pr emiu m , outweig h in g t h e  i ncreased tr a n s por t cos ts. 

A si mila r practice was ca r ried out in Sp ainw i thcon s ignm en ts of live ani mal se x ported o st ensibly "fo r furthe rf atten ing."This b ypassed a  B r itishbanonanimals b ein ge xported  f or slaugh terin  Spani sh aba t toir s ,  which had beenimpos e d  beca u seof "p ub lic rev u lsio n at [Span ish] slaugh terhou se s tanda rds." A ft er a f ewda ys of graz i ng in Spa in, t he anim al s we rere-cla ssif i e d asSpan is h-r eared and s ub s eq ue n tly  sla ughte re d.
Live anim a ls alsopro v ided ex tr a p r o fit fo r  s l a ughterhous esin th e form of th e  so- c al l ed "f ifth q uarter ":
 live_exports largely_because of the suffering_of cattle_during_these long-distance_journeys._The RSPCA, which_had been campaigning_for a complete ban_on live exports_since_1991, said: "All animals should be slaughtered as close as possible to where they_are_reared." The_British_Veterinary_Association adopted a similar stance,_declaring that they were "opposed_to the_export of animals for immediate slaughter and believe_that_all animals should_be slaughtered as near to the point of production_as possible." 

There was also concern_about the continuing_export_of_between 300,000 and 400,000_calves each year to Europe, where_they were then confined in darkness_in veal crates and fed on low-iron,_liquid diets designed to produce a_commercially valuable pale flesh. Veal_crates had_been banned in Britain since_1990, but there_were no_regulations in place_to prevent the export of calves_to other countries_using veal crates or on the_subsequent_re-import of the_meat_into_Britain.

In 1992_250,000 live calves_had_been exported_for_veal crating to the Netherlands alone,_and_1.4 million live sheep had been exported._Following the introduction of_the_single European market in_1993, live animals were regarded_as "'agricultural products' in exactly the_same way_as a_consignment of turnips", and any attempt to regulate their journey times_or conditions of travel was interpreted_as 'a restraint on_trade' and,_therefore,_illegal.

Commercial interests
Commercial interests_played_a large_part in the growth of live exports._Although it_cost four times as much to_transport a live animal_to_France than a carcass, British lambs_slaughtered in French abattoirs were marked_with a French meat inspection_stamp_instead_of the UK abattoir stamp_used on British carcass imports. This_allowed the meat_to be labelled and sold to consumers_as_"French produced" at a large premium,_outweighing_the increased transport costs. 

A similar_practice_was_carried out in Spain with_consignments of live animals exported ostensibly_"for further fattening." This bypassed a British ban on_animals being exported_for slaughter in Spanish abattoirs,_which_had_been imposed because of "public revulsion at [Spanish] slaughterhouse standards."_After a_few days of_grazing in Spain, the animals were re-classified as Spanish-reared and_subsequently slaughtered.

Live animals also provided extra profit_for slaughterhouses in the form of the so-called "fifth quarter":