 John
Category:Wellington Harbour Board members
Category:New Zealand politicians awarded knighthoods Women in Spain

Modern-day Spaniards - the people of Spain - recognize the independence of Spanish women. Throughout the late 20th century, Spain has undergone a transition from the Fascist dictatorship in Francoist Spain (1939-1975), during which women's rights were severely restricted, to a democratic society where gender equality is a fundamental principle. As such, during the past decades the position of women in Spanish society has greatly improved.

Role in society 

During the Franco era, Spanish social and legal values  embraced a code of morality that established stringent standards of sexual conduct for women (but not for men); restricted the opportunities for professional careers for women, but honored their role as wives, and (most importantly) mothers; and prohibited divorce, contraception, and abortion, but permitted prostitution.

After the return of democracy, the change in the status of women was dramatic. One significant indicator was the changing place of women in the work force. In the traditional Spanish world, women rarely entered the job market. By the late 1970s, however, 22 percent of the country's adult women, still somewhat fewer than in Italy and in Ireland, had entered the work force. By 1984 this figure had increased to 33 percent, a level not significantly different from Italy or the Netherlands. Women still made up less than one-third of the total labor force, however, and in some important sectors, such as banking, the figure was closer to one-tenth. A 1977 opinion poll revealed that when asked whether a woman's place was in the home only 22 percent of young people in Spain agreed, compared with 26 percent in Britain, 30 percent in Italy, and 37 percent in France. The principal barrier to women in the work place, however, was not public opinion, but rather such factors as a high unemployment rate and a lack of part-time jobs. In education, women were rapidly achieving parity with men, at least statistically. In 1983, approximately 46 percent of Spain's university enrollment was female, the thirty-first highest percentage in the world, and comparable to most other European countries.

During Franco's years, Spanish law discriminated strongly against married women. Without her husband's approval, referred to as the permiso marital, a wife was prohibited from almost all economic activities, including employment, ownership of property, or even travel away from home. The law also provided for less stringent definitions of such crimes
John 
 Category: Wellington Harbour Board members 
 Category: New Zealand politicians awarded knighthood Women in Spain 

 mod - day Spaniards - the people of Spain - accredit the independence of Spanish woman. Throughout the late 20th hundred, Spain has undergone a transition from the Fascist dictatorship in Francoist Spain (1939 - 1975), during which women's right were severely restricted, to a democratic company where gender equality is a fundamental rationale. As such, during the past decades the position of women in Spanish society has greatly improved. 

 Role in society 

 During the Franco era, Spanish social and legal value   embraced a code of morality that established rigorous standards of sexual behavior for women (but not for work force); restricted the opportunities for professional careers for women, but honored their function as wives, and (most importantly) mothers; and prohibited divorce, contraception, and abortion, but permitted prostitution. 

 After the return of democracy, the change in the status of women was dramatic. One significant indicator was the changing place of women in the work military unit. In the traditional Spanish world, women rarely insert the caper market. By the late 1970s, however, 22 percentage of the country's adult charwoman, still somewhat few than in Italy and in Ireland, had entered the work force. By 1984 this figure had increased to 33 percent, a level not significantly different from Italy or the Netherlands. Women still made up less than one - third gear of the total undertaking force, however, and in some important sectors, such as banking, the figure was closer to one - one-tenth. A 1977 opinion poll revealed that when asked whether a woman's place was in the home only 22 percent of youthful people in Spain agreed, compare with 26 percent in Britain, 30 percentage in Italy, and 37 percent in France. The principal barrier to women in the work space, however, was not public opinion, but rather such factors as a high unemployment rate and a lack of part - prison term jobs. In education, women were rapidly achieving parity with men, at least statistically. In 1983, approximately 46 percent of Spain's university enrollment was female, the thirty - inaugural highest percentage in the worldly concern, and comparable to most other European countries. 

 During Franco's year, Spanish law discriminated strongly against marital women. Without her husband's approval, referred to as the permiso marital, a wife was prohibited from almost all economic activities, including employment, possession of property, or even travel away from home. The law also provided for less stringent definitions of such crime
 Jojn
Category:Wellington Harnour Board membets
Xategocy:New Zsaland puliticians awarded knighthoovs Wimen un Spain

Modern-day Spankards - thv people if Skain - recognize tis indepcudencs of V'anish women. Thtoughout the late 20th centusy, S'ain has undergone a transition from the Faxclst dictatorshyp im Frahbolst Spain (1939-1975), during which women's rjghts wtre severely restrocted, to a democratic socifty ahere gender equallty is a fubdamqbtal principue. As such, during the kast decades the position of womdn in Spanish sicuetj has greatlb imprjved.

Role in society 

Guring yhe Franco era, Spenisy social and legal vanues  embraced a cjde of mosamity that establiwhwd sttingett sgqndxrda pf sexuap cknduct for women (but bot for men); restricued nne opportunifies fjr professional careers for women, but honmres their role as wives, abd (most importantly) mlthers; anq prohibited divorce, contraception, and abortion, bgt pecmktttd prosgutktion.

After the return of democracy, the change jn tme status of womcn was dramatic. Onr dibgificant indizator czs the changing placf of woien ib the worh fotce. In the traditional Spanush world, woiwn rarely entered che job markzt. By jhe laye 1970s, however, 22 percent oy the dountry's adklt women, rtill somewhat fdweg thdn in Italy and in Ireland, had enteced tke work worcg. By 1984 tris figure had ltcreased to 33 percejt, a peeel not sihnificantly different from Italb or the Nethgrldndv. Women ftill made up less than one-third of the totau labor fogce, howevxr, and in soie important vgctors, such av bankind, thw fiture war closer to one-yenth. A 1977 opinion pool revealed that wmen aried whether a wimab's place was in thd hjmv oily 22 [arcent of yogng oeooke in Spain agrecd, zompsred with 26 percent it Brjtain, 30 percent in Otwly, and 37 percent in France. Thr principal barrieg to xomen mn the wotk place, however, was not public opinion, hut rather such facbors as a high unemployment rate and a lack of part-tine jobs. In educatiin, women were rapidkn achieving 'arity with men, at least statisticaoly. In 1983, approximauely 46 percent of Spain's univessity enrollment was female, the thirty-first highest percentage in the world, ane comperwble to mosf otner Elro'eau countwies.

Vucing Franco's yearx, Spanish law discriminated strungly agdiust married women. Without her hjsband's approxal, referred to as the psrmiso msrital, a wife was prohibited frpm almost all economic agtivities, inclhding vjpuoyment, ownership pf pro'erty, ir even trayel away from fomr. Bhe law aldo pcovnded for less stringent definitiobs of wufh crimes
John Category:Wellington Harbour Board members Category:New Zealand knighthoods in Spain Spaniards - the the of Spanish women. the late 20th Spain has undergone a transition from Fascist dictatorship in Francoist Spain (1939-1975), during which women's rights were severely restricted, a democratic society where gender equality is a fundamental principle. As such, during past the of in Spanish society has greatly improved. Role in society During the Franco era, Spanish social and values embraced a code of morality that established standards of sexual conduct women (but not for men); the for professional for but their role as and (most importantly) mothers; and prohibited divorce, contraception, and abortion, but permitted prostitution. After the return of the change status of was One indicator was the of women in the work force. Spanish world, women rarely entered the job market. the late however, 22 percent of the country's women, still somewhat fewer than in Italy and Ireland, had entered the work force. By 1984 this figure had increased to 33 percent, not significantly different from or the Netherlands. still up than of the labor force, however, and in some important sectors, such as banking, figure was closer to one-tenth. A 1977 opinion poll revealed asked a woman's place in the home only percent young people in Spain with percent percent Italy, 37 percent in France. principal barrier to women in work place, however, was such factors as a high unemployment rate and lack of part-time jobs. In education, women rapidly achieving parity with men, at least statistically. In 1983, approximately 46 of Spain's was female, the thirty-first highest percentage in the and comparable to most European countries. During Franco's years, Spanish law discriminated strongly married Without her approval, referred to the permiso marital, wife was prohibited all economic including ownership even travel away from home. The also for less stringent definitions of crimes
 John
Category:Wellington HarBour Board mEmberS
CaTegOrY:New zealAnd politicians AWardEd knighthoods Women in SpAin

MoDeRN-day sPaNiardS - the peoPLe OF spaIn - ReCogNiZE tHe indEpeNdence oF Spanish woMen. thRoughout the lATe 20Th century, SPaiN has undergonE a tRansitIoN frOM the FAscIst diCtatorSHip in FRancoist SPaIN (1939-1975), durinG Which woMEN's RighTs were severely resTRiCTed, to a democratIc sociEtY WhERE geNdeR equality iS a FundaMEntal prINcIPLE. As SUch, during the pAst decades tHE poSition Of WomEN in SpaNish sOcIEty Has greatly iMproVed.

Role in SocietY 

during tHE Franco Era, SpaNisH soCial ANd LeGal VaLUes  EMbRacED a cOde of morAlItY that EstaBLISHed sTriNgenT stanDards of sexual ConDuct FOr wOmen (bUt not For mEn); RestrIcted tHe oppOrTunities for profEssiOnal careeRs fOr WomEn, But hoNOred thEir RolE as wiveS, and (mosT ImpOrTANTlY) mothers; and prohibiTeD DIvOrce, contRaceptIOn, AnD Abortion, BuT peRmitTED prosTituTIoN.

After thE returN Of DeMocracy, ThE changE iN thE stAtus oF WomeN was drAmatic. OnE signIFicant indicatoR Was the changinG PlACE oF WomeN in The work forcE. In tHE traDitiONaL SpANish wOrld, wOmEN rARely entered the job maRkEt. By thE late 1970S, however, 22 perceNt of the couNTRY's adult wOmen, STiLL somewhat fewer Than iN Italy and iN ireland, hAd entEred the wOrk force. BY 1984 THis figurE haD inCreAseD TO 33 pErcent, a level nOT SignIfIcantly DifFerent fRom itaLy oR thE NEtherlandS. Women stIlL mAdE uP leSs thaN One-third Of The ToTal Labor FOrce, hoWever, And iN sOmE ImpOrtant sECtORS, sucH aS bAnkiNg, tHe FigurE was CLosEr to one-Tenth. A 1977 opiNioN Poll ReVeAled thaT when asked wheThEr a woman's pLaCe wAs in thE HOme only 22 pErcent of young people in SpAIn agreeD, coMpareD witH 26 percent iN BrItain, 30 pErcENt in ItAly, and 37 PerceNt In FRANce. ThE PRiNciPaL barrier to WOMen In the WoRk plAce, howeVer, was not public opiNIon, But rather such FacTors AS A hIgh UNeMPloYmENt rATE and a lack of part-Time jobs. In EdUCaTion, women wERe rApIdly achIeving pArity WIth men, aT least staTisticallY. IN 1983, appROXimAtely 46 perceNt of SpaiN's universITy enrOLlMent wAs fEmale, tHe ThiRty-fiRst higHEst PerceNtage iN tHe worlD, and cOmParable tO most other European countRies.

DuRing FRanCo's years, SPanISh lAw discrimInatEd strongly AgaInsT marrIed WOmen. WIthoUT hEr hUSband'S appROval, referREd To aS THe Permiso mariTAL, A wiFe was ProHIbited From Almost all economic ACtivities, incluDing EMPloYmeNT, ownErShip of property, Or eVeN TRavel awaY fRom home. The lAw also prOvIDed foR less sTringeNt definITIoNS of sucH criMes
 John
Category:WellingtonHarbour Bo ard m emb ers 
C ateg ory: New Zealand po l itic ians awarded knighthoo ds Wo me n  inS pa in

M odern-d a yS p ani ar ds  -th e  p eople  of  Spain- recogniz e t he  independenc e  o f Spanishwom en. Througho utthe la te  20 t h cen tur y, Sp ain ha s  under gone a tr an s itionf rom the F as cist  dictatorship inF ra n coist Spain (1 939-19 75 ) ,d u rin g w hich women 's  righ t s weres ev e r e lyr estricted, to  a democrat i c s ociety  w her e  gende r equ al i tyis a fundam enta l princip le. As such, d u ring th e past  de cad es t h epo sit io n  of wo men inSpanishso ci ety h as g r e a t ly i mpr oved .

Ro le in society  
Duri n g t he Fr ancoera,  S panis h soci al an dlegal values  e mbra ced a cod e o fmor al ity t h at est abl ish ed stri ngent s t and ar d s of  sexual conduct fo rw o me n (but n ot for me n) ;  restric te d t he o p p ortun itie s  f or profe ssiona l  c ar eers fo rwomen,  b uthon oredt heir  roleas wives , and (most importan t ly) mothers;a nd p ro h ibit eddivorce, co ntra c epti on,a nd  ab o rtion , but  p e rm i tted prostitution.
A fter t he re turn of democ racy, thec h a nge in t he s t at u s of women was  dram atic. Ones ignifica nt in dicatorwas the c h a nging pl ace  of  wo men i nthe work forc e .  Inth e tradi tio nal Spa nis h w orl d,wo men rarel y entere dth ejo b m arket .  By thela te19 70s , how e ver, 2 2 per cent  o ft hecountry ' sa d ultwo me n, s til lsomew hatf ewe r thanin Italyand in I re la nd, had  entered thewo rk force.By  19 84 thi s figure h ad increased to 33 perc e nt, a l eve l not  sig nificantl y d iffere ntf rom It aly or  theNe the r l ands. W om enst ill made u p les s tha none- third o f the total laborf orc e, however, a ndin s o m eimp o rt a ntse c tor s ,  such as bankin g, the fig ur e  w as closert o o ne -tenth.  A 1977  opin i on poll  revealed  that whe naske d whe ther a wom an's pla ce was in the h o me  only  22  perce nt  of  youn g peop l e i n Spa in agr ee d, com pared  w ith 26 p ercent in Britain, 30 p ercent  in I tal y, and 37  pe r cen t in Fran ce.The princi pal  ba rrier  to women  int he  wo r k pla ce,h owever, w a snot p ub lic opinion , b utrathe r s u ch fac tors  as a high unempl o yment rate and  a l a c k o f p a rt-t im e jobs. In edu cat io n ,  women w er e rapidly a chieving  p a ritywith m en, at  leasts t at i stical ly.In1983, app rox im a tely 46  p er c ent of  Spa in 's uni versit y  enr o l lment was female , the t hirty - fir st hi gh est per c enta ge in theworld, andcompar able  to m ost oth er  Europ ean  c ountries.During Fr anco' s years ,Span ish  law d iscr i m inate d st ro ngl y against m ar r ie dw ome n. W ithou therhusband's approval , r e ferredto  as t he per m is o marital, a  wi fe wa s prohibited from al m ost a ll eco nomicactivit i es,  i ncludin g e m p loyment,ownership ofpr oper ty, or e ve n tr av elaw ay from home. T he law a lso prov i d ed for  le s s st r ingent  d efinitions o f suc hc rimes
 John
Category:Wellington_Harbour Board_members
Category:New Zealand politicians awarded_knighthoods Women_in_Spain

Modern-day Spaniards_-_the people of_Spain - recognize_the independence of Spanish_women. Throughout the_late_20th century, Spain has undergone a transition from the Fascist dictatorship in Francoist Spain_(1939-1975),_during which_women's_rights_were severely restricted, to a_democratic society where gender equality_is a_fundamental principle. As such, during the past decades_the_position of women_in Spanish society has greatly improved.

Role in society 

During_the Franco era, Spanish social and_legal values _embraced_a_code of morality that_established stringent standards of sexual conduct_for women (but not for men);_restricted the opportunities for professional careers for_women, but honored their role as_wives, and (most importantly) mothers;_and prohibited_divorce, contraception, and abortion, but_permitted prostitution.

After the_return of_democracy, the change_in the status of women was_dramatic. One significant_indicator was the changing place of_women_in the work_force._In_the traditional_Spanish world, women_rarely_entered the_job_market. By the late 1970s, however,_22_percent of the country's adult women, still_somewhat fewer than in_Italy_and in Ireland, had_entered the work force. By_1984 this figure had increased to_33 percent,_a level_not significantly different from Italy or the Netherlands. Women still made_up less than one-third of the_total labor force, however,_and in_some_important sectors, such_as_banking, the_figure was closer to one-tenth. A 1977_opinion poll_revealed that when asked whether a_woman's place was in_the_home only 22 percent of young_people in Spain agreed, compared with_26 percent in Britain, 30_percent_in_Italy, and 37 percent in_France. The principal barrier to women_in the work_place, however, was not public opinion, but_rather_such factors as a high unemployment_rate_and a lack of part-time jobs._In_education,_women were rapidly achieving parity_with men, at least statistically. In_1983, approximately 46 percent of Spain's university enrollment was_female, the thirty-first_highest percentage in the world,_and_comparable_to most other European countries.

During Franco's years, Spanish law discriminated_strongly against_married women. Without_her husband's approval, referred to as the permiso marital, a_wife was prohibited from almost all economic_activities, including employment, ownership of property, or even travel away from_home. The law also provided for less stringent_definitions of such crimes