 had continued with the subsequent invasions by Germany and the Soviet Union of that territory. The German–Soviet Border and Commercial Agreement contained additional secret protocols, settling a dispute regarding land in Lithuania which was previously split between the countries. The agreement continued the Nazi–Soviet economic relations that had been expanded by the 1939 German–Soviet Commercial Agreement and the larger 1940 German–Soviet Commercial Agreement.

The agreement proved to be short lived. Just six months after it was signed, Germany invaded the Soviet Union, and economic relations between the two countries came to an end. The raw materials imported by Germany from the Soviet Union between 1939 and 1941 played a major role in supporting the German war effort against the Soviet Union after 1941.

Background

Resource requirements

Germany lacked natural supplies of several key raw materials needed for economic and military operations.  German planners in mid-1939 determined that the nation possessed only two to three months' supply of rubber stocks and three to six months of oil stocks. They estimated that, after a planned German attack on Poland and the expected subsequent allied naval blockade, the Soviet Union would become the only potential supplier for many key raw materials needed for a war.

Soviet-German 1939 agreements and the division of Eastern Europe

On August 19, 1939, the Soviet Union and Germany entered German–Soviet Commercial Agreement (1939) providing for the trade of certain German military and civilian equipment in exchange for Soviet raw materials.  On August 23, they entered the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, which contained secret protocols dividing the states of Northern and Eastern Europe into German and Soviet "spheres of influence."

One week after the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact's signing, the partition of Poland commenced with the German invasion of western Poland, followed by the Soviet Union's invasion of Eastern Poland on September 17, which included coordination with German forces. Three Baltic States described by the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, were given no choice but to sign a "Pact of defense and mutual assistance" which permitted the Soviet Union to station troops in them.

Eleven days after the Soviet invasion of Eastern Poland, the parties modified the secret protocol of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact in an agreement called the German–Soviet Boundary and Friendship Treaty that contained a "Secret Additional Protocol." Among other things, the agreement allotted Germany a larger part of Poland and transferred Lithuania to
had continued with the subsequent invasions by Germany and the Soviet Union of that territory. The German – Soviet Border and Commercial Agreement contained extra hidden protocols, settling a dispute involve country in Lithuania which was previously split between the countries. The agreement retain the Nazi – Soviet economic relations that had been expanded by the 1939 German – Soviet Commercial Agreement and the bigger 1940 German – Soviet Commercial Agreement. 

 The agreement proved to be short lived. barely six months after it was signed, Germany invade the Soviet Union, and economic relations between the two countries came to an end. The raw material imported by Germany from the Soviet Union between 1939 and 1941 played a major role in hold the German war effort against the Soviet Union after 1941. 

 Background 

 Resource requirements 

 Germany lacked natural supply of several key raw materials needed for economic and military operation.   German planners in mid-1939 determined that the nation possessed only two to three calendar month' supply of rubber stocks and three to six months of oil stocks. They estimated that, after a planned German attack on Poland and the expected subsequent ally naval blockade, the Soviet Union would become the lone potential supplier for many cardinal crude fabric needed for a war. 

 Soviet - German 1939 agreements and the division of Eastern Europe 

 On August 19, 1939, the Soviet Union and Germany entered German – Soviet Commercial Agreement (1939) providing for the trade of certain German military and civilian equipment in substitution for Soviet raw materials.   On August 23, they entered the Molotov – Ribbentrop Pact, which contained secret protocols separate the states of Northern and Eastern Europe into German and Soviet " spheres of influence. " 

 One week after the Molotov – Ribbentrop Pact's signing, the division of Poland commenced with the German invasion of westerly Poland, followed by the Soviet Union's invasion of Eastern Poland on September 17, which included coordination with German forces. Three Baltic States described by the Molotov – Ribbentrop Pact, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, were given no choice but to bless a " Pact of defense and mutual assistance " which permitted the Soviet Union to station troops in them. 

 Eleven days after the Soviet invasion of Eastern Poland, the parties modified the secret protocol of the Molotov – Ribbentrop Pact in an agreement call the German – Soviet Boundary and Friendship Treaty that contained a " Secret Additional Protocol. " Among early things, the agreement allotted Germany a larger part of Poland and transferred Lithuania to
 haf continued with the subrequent invasiouw by Gxrmany znd the Roviet Union of that territocy. Tye Geeman–Soviet Border and Zommerciap Agreemwnt rontained additional secvzt prkbocolv, settling a dixpute regasding land in Nighbania which was previously split betreen thr fountries. The wgretmegt ckntinued the Nazi–Soviet economic rslationv that had bern expanded by the 1939 German–Dovift Commercial Agrefment and tye lweger 1940 German–Roviet Commercial Agregment.

The agreement proved to be rhort lived. Jusj aid months aftxr it ras signed, Gcgmany itvaded yhe Soviet Unipn, end wconomic relations bevween the two countryes came do an end. The raw mqtwrialv im[ortde bh Gtrmeny from hhe Soviet Unjon between 1939 and 1941 played a majpr gple in suppodting ehq German war effort against the Soviet Lnioh after 1941.

Background

Resouece requirements

Germajy lacked natural supplies of several key raw materials neaded hof eeinomiz ajd military operations.  German planners in miq-1939 dttegmined that the nction possessed pnpy jwo to three munths' suplly of rubber stocns and jhree ro six mogths of oil stocks. They estimatwd that, afteg a planned German attcck on Polanb and jhe exlected subsequent allieb navam blockade, hhe Sovief Union would becume tve only kutential supplier for many key raw magerisls neqded for a war.

Soviet-German 1939 agreemfnts cnd tve divisioj of Eastern Europe

On August 19, 1939, vie Soviet Unipn ang Germanv enteved German–Soviee Commercial Ayreement (1939) proxiding for the trede of certayn German milhjary and civinian equypmebt ib exchavee for Soviet taw materpajs.  In August 23, they enbered fhe Molotov–Ribbzuttip Pact, which vongaigef xesset protocolv dixidkmg thd states of Vortnern and Eastern Eurmpe jnto German and Sofict "spherew of infjuence."

One weel after the Molotog–Ribbxntrop Pact'x sygning, the partition of Poland commencef wlth the Germag inyasijn of westzrn Poland, followed by the Soviet Union's invasion of Eastgrn Poland on Septembgr 17, which inclnded cjordinatimn with German forcew. Three Baltic Ststes described by the Molotmv–Ribhentrop Pact, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, were given no choice but to sigb a "Part of defense and mutudl cssistagce" xhmch permitted the Soviet Union to station troops in them.

Alzven days after the Soviet infarion of Eastetn Poland, the parties modiried the secret protocol of the Molotov–Tibbentrop Pact in an agveement cqlled the Gvtmai–Soviet Boundary and Frienbship Rreaty rhat contained a "Recteb Additionwl Pcotkcol." Among other things, the agrewment qlpotted Germany a larger parb uf Pomand agd transferred Ljthuzjia tu
had continued with the subsequent invasions by the Union of territory. The German–Soviet additional protocols, settling a regarding land in which was previously split between the The agreement continued the Nazi–Soviet economic relations that had been expanded by the German–Soviet Commercial Agreement and the larger 1940 German–Soviet Commercial Agreement. The agreement proved be lived. six after it was signed, Germany invaded the Soviet Union, and economic relations between the two countries to an end. The raw materials imported by from the Soviet Union 1939 and 1941 played a role supporting the war against Soviet Union after Background Resource requirements Germany lacked natural supplies of several key raw materials needed for economic and military German planners determined that nation only to three months' rubber stocks and three to six stocks. They estimated that, after a planned German on Poland the expected subsequent allied naval blockade, Soviet Union would become the only potential supplier many key raw materials needed for a war. Soviet-German 1939 agreements and the division of On August 19, 1939, Soviet Union and entered Commercial (1939) for the of certain German military and civilian equipment in exchange for Soviet materials. On August 23, they entered the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, which protocols the states of and Eastern Europe into and "spheres of influence." One the Pact's of commenced the German invasion of Poland, followed by the Soviet invasion of Eastern Poland coordination with German forces. Three Baltic States described the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, given no choice but to sign a "Pact of defense and mutual which permitted Union to station troops in them. Eleven days the Soviet invasion of Poland, the parties modified the secret protocol of the Pact an agreement the German–Soviet Boundary Friendship Treaty that a "Secret Additional other things, agreement Germany of Poland and transferred Lithuania to
 had continued with the subseqUent invasiOns by gerManY aNd thE SovIet Union of that TErriTory. The German–Soviet BorDer anD COMmerCIaL AgreEment coNTaINEd aDdItIonAl SEcRet prOtoCols, setTling a dispUte ReGarding land iN liThuania whiCh wAs previously SplIt betwEeN thE CountRieS. The aGreemeNT contiNued the NaZi–sOviet eCOnomic rELAtIons That had been expandED bY The 1939 German–SovieT CommeRcIAl aGReeMenT and the larGeR 1940 GermAN–Soviet cOmMERCiaL agreement.

The aGreement proVEd tO be shoRt LivED. Just sIx monThS AftEr it was signEd, GeRmany invaDed the sOviet UnIOn, and ecOnomic RelAtiOns bETwEeN thE tWO coUNtRieS CamE to an end. thE rAw matEriaLS IMPortEd bY GerMany fRom the Soviet UNioN betWEen 1939 And 1941 plAyed a MajoR rOle in SupporTing tHe german war effort AgaiNst the SovIet unIon AfTer 1941.

BaCKgrounD

ReSouRce requIrementS

gerMaNY LAcKed natural supplies Of SEVeRal key raW materIAlS nEEded for eCoNomIc anD MIlitaRy opERaTions.  GerMan plaNNeRs In mid-1939 deTeRmined ThAt tHe nAtion POsseSsed onLy two to tHree mONths' supply of ruBBer stocks and tHReE TO sIX monThs Of oil stocks. they EStimAted THaT, afTEr a plAnned geRMaN Attack on Poland and thE eXpecteD subsEquent allied nAval blockaDE, THe Soviet unioN WoULd become the onlY poteNtial supplIEr for manY key rAw materiAls needed FOR a war.

SovIet-gerMan 1939 AgrEEMeNts and the diviSIOn of eaStern EuRopE

On AuguSt 19, 1939, tHe SOviEt UNiOn and GermAny enterEd geRmAn–sovIet CoMMercial AGrEemEnT (1939) prOvidiNG for thE tradE of cErTaIN GeRman milITaRY And cIvIlIan eQuiPmEnt in ExchANge For SoviEt raw mateRiaLS.  On AUgUsT 23, they enTered the MolotOv–ribbentrop paCt, wHich coNTAined secRet protocols dividing the STates of norThern And EAstern EurOpe Into GeRmaN And SovIet "sphEres oF iNflUENce."

OnE WEeK afTeR the MolotoV–rIbbEntroP PAct's Signing, The partition of PolaND coMmenced with thE GeRman INVaSioN Of WEstErN polAND, followed by the SOviet Union'S iNVaSion of EastERn POlAnd on SePtember 17, Which INcluded CoordinatIon with GeRmAn foRCEs. THree Baltic states deScribed by THe MolOToV–RibbEntRop PacT, EStoNia, LaTvia, anD litHuaniA, were gIvEn no chOice bUt To sign a "PAct of defense and mutual asSistanCe" whiCh pErmitted tHe SOVieT Union to sTatiOn troops in TheM.

ElEven dAys AFter tHe SoVIeT inVAsion Of EaSTern PolanD, ThE paRTIeS modified thE SECreT protOcoL Of the MOlotOv–Ribbentrop Pact iN An agreement calLed tHE gerMan–sOvieT BOundary and FrieNdsHiP tReaty thaT cOntained a "SeCret AddiTiONal PrOtocol." among oTher thiNGS, tHE agreeMent AllOtted GermAny A lARger parT oF POLand anD traNsFerred lithuaNIa to
 had continued with the su bsequent i nvasi ons  by  G erma ny a nd the SovietU nion  of that territory. Th e Ger ma n –Sov i et  Bord er andC om m e rci al  A gre em e nt  cont ain ed addi tional sec ret  p rotocols, se t tl ing a disp ute  regarding l and  in Li th uan i a whi chwas p reviou s ly spl it betwee nt he cou n tries.T h eagre ement continued t h eN azi–Soviet eco nomicre l at i o nstha t had been  e xpand e d by th e  1 9 3 9  Ge r man–Soviet Co mmercial Ag r eem ent an dthe larger  1940  G e rma n–Soviet Co mmer cial Agre ement. 
The ag r eementproved  to  be  sho r tli ved .J ust si x m o nth s afterit  w as si gned , G e rman y i nvad ed th e Soviet Unio n,ande con omicrelat ions  b etwee n thetwo c ou ntries came toan e nd. The r awma ter ia ls im p ortedbyGer many fr om theS ovi et U n io n between 1939 and  1 9 4 1played a  major ro le in suppo rt ing  the G erman  war ef fort aga inst t h eSo viet Un io n afte r194 1.
Back g roun d

Res ource re quire m ents

Germanyl acked natural su p p li e s of  se veral key r aw m a teri alsn ee ded for e conom ic an d  military operation s.   Germ an pl anners in mid -1939 dete r m i ned that  the na t ion possessedonlytwo to thr e e months ' sup ply of r ubber sto c k s and th ree  to  si x m o n th s of oil stoc k s . Th ey  estima ted  that,aft era p lan ne d Germanattack o nPo la nd  an d the expected  s ubs eq uen t all i ed nav al bl ocka de ,t heSovietU ni o n  wou ld  b ecom e t he  only  pot e nti al supp lier forman y  key  r aw  materi als needed fo ra war.

So vi et- German 1 939 agre ements and the division of East ern  Euro pe
On August  19 , 1939 , t h e Sovi et Uni on an dGer m a ny en t e re d G er man–Soviet C omm ercia lAgre ement ( 1939) providing fo r  th e trade of ce rta in G e r ma n m i li t ary  a n d c i v ilian equipment  in exchan ge fo r Soviet r a w m at erials.   On Au gust2 3, they  enteredthe Molot ov –Rib b e ntr op Pact, w hich con tained se c ret p r ot ocols  di viding  t hestate s of N o rth ern a nd Eas te rn Eur ope i nt o German  and Soviet "spheres of  influ ence. "
One weekaft e r t he Moloto v–Ri bbentrop P act 'ssigni ng, the p arti t io n o f  Pola nd c o mmenced w i th  th e Ge rman invasi o n ofweste rnP oland,  fol lowed by the Sovi e t Union's inva sion o f E ast e rn P ol and on Septemb er17 , which in cl uded coordi nation w it h  Germ an for ces. T hree Ba l t ic States  des cri bed by th e M ol o tov–Rib be nt r op Pac t, E st onia,Latvia ,  and L ithuania, were g ivenn o  choi c e b ut to  s ign a " P actof defense  and mutual  assis tanc e" wh ich per mi tted t heSo viet Union to statio n tro ops inth em.
El even d aysa f ter t he S ov iet  invasion o fE as te r n P olan d, th epart ies modif i ed the s ecr e t proto co l o f the Mo l ot o v –Ribbentro p P act i n an agreeme n t ca l le d  theGerman –Sovie t Bound a ryan d Frien dsh i p  Treaty t hat conta i ned  a  "Se cret Add it iona lPro to col." Among oth er thing s, the a g r eement  al l otte d  Germa ny  a larger pa rt of  P o land an d tra nsferre d  Li thu ani a to 
 had_continued with_the subsequent invasions by_Germany and_the_Soviet Union_of_that territory. The_German–Soviet Border and_Commercial Agreement contained additional_secret protocols, settling_a_dispute regarding land in Lithuania which was previously split between the countries. The agreement_continued_the Nazi–Soviet_economic_relations_that had been expanded by_the 1939 German–Soviet Commercial Agreement_and the_larger 1940 German–Soviet Commercial Agreement.

The agreement proved to_be_short lived. Just_six months after it was signed, Germany invaded the_Soviet Union, and economic relations between_the two countries_came_to_an end. The raw_materials imported by Germany from the_Soviet Union between 1939 and 1941_played a major role in supporting the_German war effort against the Soviet_Union after 1941.

Background

Resource requirements

Germany lacked_natural supplies_of several key raw materials_needed for economic_and military_operations.  German_planners in mid-1939 determined that the_nation possessed only_two to three months' supply of_rubber_stocks and three_to_six_months of_oil stocks. They_estimated_that, after_a_planned German attack on Poland and_the_expected subsequent allied naval blockade, the Soviet_Union would become the_only_potential supplier for many_key raw materials needed for_a war.

Soviet-German 1939 agreements and the_division of_Eastern Europe

On_August 19, 1939, the Soviet Union and Germany entered German–Soviet Commercial_Agreement (1939) providing for the trade_of certain German military_and civilian_equipment_in exchange for_Soviet_raw materials._ On August 23, they entered the_Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact,_which contained secret protocols dividing the_states of Northern and_Eastern_Europe into German and Soviet "spheres_of influence."

One week after the Molotov–Ribbentrop_Pact's signing, the partition of_Poland_commenced_with the German invasion of_western Poland, followed by the Soviet_Union's invasion of_Eastern Poland on September 17, which included_coordination_with German forces. Three Baltic States_described_by the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, Estonia, Latvia,_and_Lithuania,_were given no choice but_to sign a "Pact of defense_and mutual assistance" which permitted the Soviet Union to_station troops in_them.

Eleven days after the Soviet_invasion_of_Eastern Poland, the parties modified the secret protocol of the_Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact_in an agreement_called the German–Soviet Boundary and Friendship Treaty that contained a_"Secret Additional Protocol." Among other things, the_agreement allotted Germany a larger part of Poland and transferred Lithuania_to