 By the end of the 18th century, it was in ruins.

Etymology
The etymology of the name of Samshvilde is first recorded by the 10th-century Armenian chronicler Hovhannes Draskhanakerttsi as meaning in Georgian "three arrows",  from sami ("three") and mshvildi ("bow"). In fact, the toponym is constructed through a Georgian geographic circumfix sae and means "[a place] of the bow".

History

Prehistory
Samshvilde is centered in a naturally fortified location, a rocky terrain at the confluence of the Khrami and Chivchavi rivers, 4 km south of the town of Tetritsqaro. The 1968–1970 archaeological expedition uncovered two layers of the early Bronze Age Kura–Araxes culture at Samshvilde, in the southern slopes of Mount Karnkali, dating from the middle of the 4th millennium BC and 3rd millennium BC, respectively. This horizon included a settlement site and burial ground as well as a circular cult building. Artifacts unearthed there were the Bronze-Age pottery and various obsidian tools.

Antiquity
According to the medieval Georgian Chronicles, Samshvilde was formerly known as Orbi, a castle whose foundation was ascribed to Kartlos, the mythic ethnarch of the Georgians of Kartli, and which was found heavily fortified, but besieged and conquered by Alexander the Great during his alleged campaign in the Georgian lands. In the 3rd century BC, under the kings of Kartli, known to the Greco-Roman world as Iberia, Samshvilde became a center of one of the kingdom's subdivisions, run by eristavi ("duke"), first appointed by Parnavaz, the first in the traditional list of the kings of Kartli. King Archil (c. 411–435) gave Samshvilde in appanage to his son Mihrdat who then succeeded on the throne of Kartli. Mihrdat's Iranian wife Sagdukht, a convert to Christianity, is credited by a Georgian chronicle to have built the church of Sioni at Samshvilde.

Middle Ages

The borders of the duchy of Samshvilde fluctuated in the course of history, as the southern portion of it was frequently contested
By the end of the 18th century, it was in ruins. 

 Etymology 
 The etymology of the name of Samshvilde is foremost read by the 10th - century Armenian chronicler Hovhannes Draskhanakerttsi as mean in Georgian " three arrow ",   from sami (" three ") and mshvildi (" bow "). In fact, the toponym is construct through a Georgian geographic circumfix sae and intend " [ a place ] of the bow ". 

 History 

 Prehistory 
 Samshvilde is focus on in a naturally fortified location, a rough terrain at the confluence of the Khrami and Chivchavi rivers, 4   km south of the town of Tetritsqaro. The 1968–1970 archaeological excursion uncovered two layers of the early Bronze Age Kura – Araxes culture at Samshvilde, in the southern slope of Mount Karnkali, dating from the middle of the 4th millennium BC and 3rd millennium BC, respectively. This horizon admit a settlement site and burial ground equally well as a circular fad building. Artifacts unearthed there were the Bronze - Age pottery and respective obsidian tools. 

 Antiquity 
 According to the medieval Georgian Chronicles, Samshvilde was formerly know as Orbi, a castle whose foundation was ascribed to Kartlos, the mythic ethnarch of the Georgians of Kartli, and which was found heavily fortified, but besieged and conquered by Alexander the Great during his alleged political campaign in the Georgian state. In the 3rd hundred BC, under the baron of Kartli, known to the Greco - Roman world as Iberia, Samshvilde became a plaza of one of the kingdom's subdivisions, run by eristavi (" duke "), first appointed by Parnavaz, the inaugural in the traditional list of the kings of Kartli. King Archil (c. 411–435) gave Samshvilde in appanage to his son Mihrdat who then succeeded on the throne of Kartli. Mihrdat's Iranian wife Sagdukht, a convert to Christianity, is credited by a Georgian history to have built the church of Sioni at Samshvilde. 

 Middle Ages 

 The borders of the duchy of Samshvilde fluctuated in the course of history, as the southern portion of it was frequently contest
 By the end of the 18th centuvy, it was in ruiuw.

Etymonogy
Ths etymolugy of the name of Samshvildx is firsu recorded by the 10tf-century Wrmenian chribicler Hoviznnes Dvcskhahwkerctwi as meaning ln Georgian "three arrows",  ffol sami ("three") and mshvildi ("bow"). In fast, the yooonym is consttuctec thrklgm a Georgian geographic circumfis sae aid means "[a placr] of the bow".

History

Prehistlry
Swmshvilde is centeged in a najhrajoy fortified location, a rocky terrzin at the confluence of the Khfami cnd Chivchaci riggrs, 4 km south of tre town of Tcnritsqaso. The 1968–1970 archaeologicak eepedution uncovered two leyers of the early Btonze Age Nuxa–Araxes culture at Sqmwhvilge, it thd sojthtrn smopes lf Jount Karniali, dating from the middle of trv 4th millennihm BC wnq 3rd millennium BC, respectively. This hogizoh included a settlement site and burial groujd as welj as a circular cult building. Artifacts unearthed therx dert bme Bfinxe-Age pottery and various obsidian tools.

Antiqtjtu
Abcording to the mcdieval Georgian Cnrlnosles, Samshvilae was fodmerly known as Orhi, a caftle qhose fougdatoon was ascribed to Kartlos, the mythic vthnqrch of the Georgicns of Kartln, and ehich was found heavily fortnfied, gut besiegef and consjered by Alexanddr nhe Creat during his alleged cwmpaign ii the Georgixn lsnds. Ig the 3rd cfnturn BC, under the kingd of Nastli, known to the Greco-Roman world as Ibecma, Samshvilde bacake a cencer of one of the kyngdom's subdivnsions, rbn by dristavi ("dlke"), first appointed fy Parnavaz, tvg first in thx traditijnal lisr of thd kings of Kartki. King Agckil (c. 411–435) gace Samshvilde in aipanaes to his son Mikxdqt who then sucveeaed oj vhe trsone of Kartni. Mkhrast's Ifanian wife Ragdikht, a convert to Chsistjanity, is credited bn a Georguan chrogicle to have built the church lf Simni at Ssmsrvilde.

Middle Ages

The borders or the ducjy jf Samshvildq flmctuwted in thz course of history, as the southern portmon of it was frequentlt contested
By the end of the 18th century, in Etymology The of the name by 10th-century Armenian chronicler Draskhanakerttsi as meaning Georgian "three arrows", from sami ("three") mshvildi ("bow"). In fact, the toponym is constructed through a Georgian geographic circumfix and means "[a place] of the bow". History Prehistory Samshvilde is centered in naturally location, rocky at the confluence of the Khrami and Chivchavi rivers, 4 km south of the town of The 1968–1970 archaeological expedition uncovered two layers of early Bronze Age Kura–Araxes at Samshvilde, in the southern of Karnkali, dating the of 4th millennium BC 3rd millennium BC, respectively. This horizon included a settlement site and burial ground as well as a cult building. there were Bronze-Age and obsidian tools. Antiquity the medieval Georgian Chronicles, Samshvilde was Orbi, a castle whose foundation was ascribed to the mythic of the Georgians of Kartli, and was found heavily fortified, but besieged and conquered Alexander the Great during his alleged campaign in the Georgian lands. In the 3rd century the kings of Kartli, to the Greco-Roman as Samshvilde a of one the kingdom's subdivisions, run by eristavi ("duke"), first appointed by Parnavaz, first in the traditional list of the kings of Kartli. (c. gave Samshvilde in to his son Mihrdat then on the throne of Iranian Sagdukht, Christianity, credited a Georgian chronicle to built the church of Sioni Samshvilde. Middle Ages The Samshvilde fluctuated in the course of history, as southern portion of it was frequently contested
 By the end of the 18th century, it wAs in ruins.

ETymolOgy
the EtYmolOgy oF the name of SamsHVildE is first recorded by the 10tH-centUrY armeNIaN chroNicler HOVhANNes drAsKhaNaKErTtsi aS meAning in georgian "thRee ArRows",  from sami ("THrEe") and mshviLdi ("Bow"). In fact, the TopOnym is CoNstRUcted ThrOugh a georgiAN geogrAphic circUmFIx sae aND means "[a PLAcE] of tHe bow".

History

PrehiSToRY
Samshvilde is cEntereD iN A nATUraLly Fortified lOcAtion, A Rocky teRRaIN AT thE Confluence of tHe Khrami and cHivChavi rIvErs, 4 KM south Of the ToWN of tetritsqaro. the 1968–1970 aRchaeologIcal exPEdition UNcovereD two laYerS of The eARlY BRonZe aGe KURa–araXEs cUlture at saMsHvildE, in tHE SOUtheRn sLopeS of MoUnt Karnkali, daTinG froM The MiddlE of thE 4th mIlLenniUm BC anD 3rd miLlEnnium BC, respectIvelY. This horiZon InCluDeD a setTLement SitE anD burial Ground aS WelL aS A CIrCular cult building. ARtIFAcTs uneartHed theRE wErE The BronzE-AGe pOtteRY And vaRiouS ObSidian toOls.

AntIQuItY
AccordInG to the MeDieVal georgIAn ChRoniclEs, SamshvIlde wAS formerly known AS Orbi, a castle wHOsE FOuNDatiOn wAs ascribed tO KarTLos, tHe myTHiC etHNarch Of the geORgIAns of Kartli, and which WaS found HeaviLy fortified, buT besieged aND COnquered By AlEXaNDer the Great durIng hiS alleged caMPaign in tHe GeoRgian lanDs. In the 3rd CENtury BC, uNdeR thE kiNgs OF kaRtli, known to thE gReco-roMan worlD as iberia, SAmsHviLde BecAmE a center oF one of thE kInGdOm'S suBdiviSIons, run bY eRisTaVi ("dUke"), fiRSt appoInted By PaRnAvAZ, thE first iN ThE TRadiTiOnAl liSt oF tHe kinGs of kArtLi. King ARchil (c. 411–435) gavE SaMShviLdE iN appanaGe to his son MihRdAt who then sUcCeeDed on tHE Throne of kartli. Mihrdat's Iranian wiFE SagdukHt, a ConveRt to christianIty, Is credIteD By a GeoRgian cHroniClE to HAVe buiLT ThE chUrCh of Sioni aT sAmsHvildE.

MIddlE Ages

ThE borders of the duchy OF SaMshvilde fluctUatEd in THE cOurSE oF HisToRY, as THE southern portioN of it was frEqUEnTly contestED
 By the end of the 18th ce ntury, itwas i n r uin s. 

Et ymol ogy
The etymol o gy o f the name of Samshvil de is  f i rstr ec orded  by the 10 t h -ce nt ur y A rm e ni an ch ron icler H ovhannes D ras kh anakerttsi a s  m eaning inGeo rgian "three  ar rows",  fro m  sami  (" three ") and mshvil di ("bow" ). In fac t , the t o p on ym i s constructed thr o ug h  a Georgian ge ograph ic ci r c umf ixsae and me an s "[a place]o ft h e  bo w ".

History
PrehistoryS ams hvilde  i s c e ntered  in a  n a tur ally fortif iedlocation,  a roc k y terra i n at th e conf lue nce  oft he  K hra mi and Ch ivc h avi  rivers,  4  k m sou th o f t h e to wnof T etrit sqaro. The 19 68– 1970 arc haeol ogica l ex pe ditio n unco vered  t wo layers of th e ea rly Bronz e A ge  Ku ra –Arax e s cult ure  at  Samshv ilde, i n  th es o u th ern slopes of Moun tK a rn kali, da ting f r om  t h e middle  o f t he 4 t h  mill enni u mBC and 3 rd mil l en ni um BC,re specti ve ly.  Th is ho r izon  inclu ded a se ttlem e nt site and bu r ial ground as we l l  a s  a c irc ular cult b uild i ng.Arti f ac tsu neart hed t he r ew ere the Bronze-Agepo tteryand v arious obsidi an tools.A n tiquityAcco r di n g to the medie val G eorgian Ch r onicles,  Sams hvilde w as former l y  known a s O rbi , a  ca s t le  whose founda t i on w as  ascrib edto Kart los , t hemyt hi c ethnarc h of the  G eo rg ia nsof Ka r tli, and  w hic hwas  foun d  heavi ly fo rtif ie d, but  besieg e da n d co nq ue redbyAl exand er t h e G reat du ring hisall e gedca mp aign in  the Georgian  l ands. In t he  3r d cent u r y BC, un der the kings of Kartli ,  knowntothe G reco -Roman wo rld  as Ib eri a , Sams hvilde  beca me  ac e ntero f  o neof  the kingd o m 'ssubdi vi sion s, runby eristavi ("duke " ),first appoint edby P a r na vaz ,  t h e f ir s t i n the traditional  list of t he ki ngs of Kar t li.  K ing Arc hil (c.  411– 4 35) gav e Samshvi lde in ap pa nage t o h is son Mih rdat who  then suc c eeded on  thethr one of  K art li. M ihrdat ' s I rania n wife  S agdukh t, aco nvert to  Christianity, is credi ted by  a Ge org ian chron icl e  to  have bui lt t he churchofSio ni at  Sa m shvil de.Mi ddl e  Ages 

Th e  borderso fthe d uc hy of Samsh v i l defluct uat e d in t he c ourse of history, as the souther n po r t ion  of it w as  frequently co nte st e d 
 By_the end_of the 18th century,_it was_in_ruins.

Etymology
The etymology_of_the name of_Samshvilde is first_recorded by the 10th-century_Armenian chronicler Hovhannes_Draskhanakerttsi_as meaning in Georgian "three arrows",  from sami ("three") and mshvildi ("bow"). In_fact,_the toponym_is_constructed_through a Georgian geographic circumfix_sae and means "[a place]_of the_bow".

History

Prehistory
Samshvilde is centered in a naturally fortified location,_a_rocky terrain at_the confluence of the Khrami and Chivchavi rivers, 4 km_south of the town of Tetritsqaro._The 1968–1970 archaeological_expedition_uncovered_two layers of the_early Bronze Age Kura–Araxes culture at_Samshvilde, in the southern slopes of_Mount Karnkali, dating from the middle of_the 4th millennium BC and 3rd_millennium BC, respectively. This horizon_included a_settlement site and burial ground_as well as_a circular_cult building. Artifacts_unearthed there were the Bronze-Age pottery_and various obsidian_tools.

Antiquity
According to the medieval Georgian Chronicles,_Samshvilde_was formerly known_as_Orbi,_a castle_whose foundation was_ascribed_to Kartlos,_the_mythic ethnarch of the Georgians of_Kartli,_and which was found heavily fortified, but_besieged and conquered by_Alexander_the Great during his_alleged campaign in the Georgian_lands. In the 3rd century BC,_under the_kings of_Kartli, known to the Greco-Roman world as Iberia, Samshvilde became a_center of one of the kingdom's_subdivisions, run by eristavi_("duke"), first_appointed_by Parnavaz, the_first_in the_traditional list of the kings of Kartli._King Archil_(c. 411–435) gave Samshvilde in appanage_to his son Mihrdat_who_then succeeded on the throne of_Kartli. Mihrdat's Iranian wife Sagdukht, a_convert to Christianity, is credited_by_a_Georgian chronicle to have built_the church of Sioni at Samshvilde.

Middle_Ages

The borders of_the duchy of Samshvilde fluctuated in the_course_of history, as the southern portion_of_it was frequently contested