.

The book presents case histories of all the twin-pairs studied and the raw data from the analyses. Its last chapters put the results in the context of existing studies, and presented a new theory and model to explain the causes and continuance of the disorder. The environmental aspects the researchers checked drew on existing literature, and multiple judgments were pooled to both compare and mutually cancel differing criteria for diagnosing schizophrenia. The theory in the book was that many genes work together to dispose a person to the disorder under certain environmental pressures. The model provided no specific therapeutic insight, but was useful as a guideline for further study.

Schizophrenia: The Epigenetic Puzzle 

Schizophrenia: The Epigenetic Puzzle outlined the approaches, conclusions and models Gottesman used in his study of schizophrenia. He co-wrote the book with James Shields, who died before it was published. The book introduces methods for diagnosing schizophrenia in a research setting, taking into account national differences in how the disorder was defined, debunked myths such as the mother transmitting schizophrenia, and introduced the concepts of the threshold model and the reaction range.

The book provided a tutorial on genetics to make the material self-contained. Family, adoption and twin studies were investigated to determine  the ways vulnerability to the disorder changed with genetic similarity to the patient. Together they supported the presence of a genetic contribution to the cause and the progress of schizophrenia. Contextual elements such as birth problems and stressful incidents were also analyzed to help the authors build a combined model to explain the disorder. The researchers analyzed populations to determine the role of genes using simplified mathematical models of the influence of genes and the environment on each other, and with no biochemical signal of the disorder to guide them. Rue L. Cromwell, writing in PsycCRITIQUES, wrote that this approach lacked rigor. The role of genes was less emphasized in the results, with a heritability of 70%, than in earlier studies by Kallman. The researchers investigated neuroanatomy, and specifically the neurotransmitter dopamine, as a possible route by which genes influence the functioning of the brain to produce the symptoms of the disorder.

The authors investigated autism and psychiatric disorders among children, but found little relation to adult schizophrenia or genetic influence. They also covered the social implications of the disease, concluding that most schizophrenics were poor because the disorder eroded their resources and abilities. A chapter was devoted to social issues, violence, illnesses, death rates, sexual aspects, and the
. 

 The book presents case histories of all the duplicate - pair studied and the raw datum from the analyses. Its final chapters frame the results in the context of existing study, and presented a new hypothesis and model to explain the causes and continuance of the disorderliness. The environmental aspects the researchers check drew on existing literature, and multiple judgment were pooled to both compare and mutually cancel differing criterion for diagnosing schizophrenia. The theory in the book was that many genes function together to dispose a person to the disorder under certain environmental pressures. The exemplar provided no specific therapeutic insight, but was useful as a guideline for further study. 

 Schizophrenia: The Epigenetic Puzzle 

 Schizophrenia: The Epigenetic Puzzle outlined the approaches, conclusions and models Gottesman used in his study of schizophrenia. He co - wrote the book with James Shields, who died before it was published. The book precede methods for diagnosing schizophrenia in a inquiry place setting, take into account national deviation in how the disorderliness was defined, debunked myths such as the mother air schizophrenia, and introduced the concepts of the threshold model and the reaction range. 

 The book provided a tutorial on genetics to make the material self - contained. syndicate, adoption and duplicate sketch were investigated to determine   the ways vulnerability to the disorderliness changed with genetic similarity to the patient. Together they supported the presence of a genetic contribution to the cause and the progress of schizophrenia. Contextual element such as birth problem and stressful incidents were besides analyzed to help the authors build a combined exemplar to explain the disorderliness. The researchers analyzed populations to settle the function of genes use simplified mathematical models of the influence of genes and the environment on each other, and with no biochemical signal of the disorderliness to guide them. Rue L. Cromwell, writing in PsycCRITIQUES, write that this approach lacked rigor. The role of genes was less emphasized in the results, with a heritability of 70% , than in early studies by Kallman. The researchers investigated neuroanatomy, and specifically the neurotransmitter dopamine, as a possible route by which genes influence the operation of the brain to produce the symptoms of the disorder. 

 The authors investigated autism and psychiatric disorders among children, but witness little relation to adult schizophrenia or genetic influence. They besides covered the social significance of the disease, concluding that most schizophrenics were poor because the disorder eroded their resources and ability. A chapter was devoted to social issues, violence, illness, death rates, sexual aspects, and the
.

The book presents case histuries of all thg rwin-pamrs stusied and the raw data from the analydew. Its last chapters put the results pn the cobtexu of existing stuvjes, and presehbed a iew theory and kodel to efplain the cauver cnd continuance of the disorder. The qnvironkejtal aspects tre rtsewrchsgs checked drew on existing litsrature, and multiple judgments were pooled to hoth compare and mutuaply cancel eiffqeing criterix for diagnosing schizkphrenia. The theory in the book was chat many gguws amrk togethec to dpspose a person to tha disorcer under certsin encironmental pressures. The model provideq no spechfnc therapeutic insighr, vut wds uvefuu as a fumdemine flr hurther stusy.

Schizophrwnia: The Epigenetic Ptdale 

Schizophdenia: Ehq Epigenetic Puzzle outlined the approabhes, conclusions and models Gottesman used in hid study os schizophrenia. He co-wrote the book with James Shhelds, dho dled cwflre it was published. The book introduces methjss fpr diagnosing fchizophrenoa im a research sgtting, czkjng into account nwtional diffwrences ig hoe the disorder was defined, eebunked mytks wuch as the mother transmittiug schozophtenia, and introduced thz concspts of the threshols model and the rdacnion range.

Tht book provided a eutorial in gznetics go mske thq material self-gmntained. Family, adlptiou and twin studles were investigated to determmie  the ways funnegability co the disorder chagged with genejic similcrity go the patpent. Togevher they su[ported the psgsence of a gxnetic cogtrivutiin to tfd cause and thr progress of schiziphrenia. Contextuak eusments such as ynruh problems and xtrdsssup mncidqtts were alsm anxlyxrd to help the amthurs nuild a combined modal tk explain the disotdcr. The rewearcherf analyzed polulations to deterline vhe roue of geges using simplified mathematidal modeld on the influense on geges and thz environment on each other, and with no uiochemical signal of jhe disorder to guide uhem. Rue L. Crpmwelj, writing in PsycCRITIQUES, write that this appvoach lacked rigor. The role mf gejes was less emphasized in the results, with a heritability of 70%, than in eaelier studies by Kzllmsn. Thv rzsecrchers invxsvigated neuroanatpmy, and specifically the neurotcansmitter djpamine, as a possible route ny which genes knfluence the functioninf of the brain to produce the symptoms pf the disorder.

The authovs investugates autism aid psychiatric disorcers akong xhildreb, bub found little rekabion to adklt xckizophrenia or genetic influence. Rhey aosl covered the sorial implicabiuns or the qisease, concludihg tgwt mort schizophremics were poor because the disordeg ewoded their rewkurces and anilitiev. A chapter xas devoted do social issues, violence, illnesses, death rates, sexoal aspects, and the
. The book presents case histories of twin-pairs and the data from the the in the context existing studies, and a new theory and model to the causes and continuance of the disorder. The environmental aspects the researchers checked on existing literature, and multiple judgments were pooled to both compare and mutually differing for schizophrenia. theory in the book was that many genes work together to dispose a person to the under certain environmental pressures. The model provided no therapeutic insight, but was as a guideline for further Schizophrenia: Epigenetic Puzzle The Puzzle the approaches, conclusions models Gottesman used in his study of schizophrenia. He co-wrote the book with James Shields, who died it was book introduces for schizophrenia a research setting, account national differences in how the debunked myths such as the mother transmitting schizophrenia, introduced the of the threshold model and the range. The book provided a tutorial on genetics make the material self-contained. Family, adoption and twin studies were investigated to determine the ways the disorder changed with similarity to the Together supported presence a genetic to the cause and the progress of schizophrenia. Contextual elements such birth problems and stressful incidents were also analyzed to help build combined model to the disorder. The researchers populations determine the role of simplified models of and environment on each other, with no biochemical signal of disorder to guide them. PsycCRITIQUES, wrote that this approach lacked rigor. The of genes was less emphasized in the with a heritability of 70%, than in earlier studies by Kallman. The investigated neuroanatomy, the neurotransmitter dopamine, as a possible route by genes influence the functioning the brain to produce the symptoms of the disorder. authors autism and disorders among children, found little relation adult schizophrenia or They also the implications concluding that most schizophrenics were poor the eroded their resources and abilities. chapter to social issues, violence, illnesses, death rates, sexual aspects, and the
.

The book presents case historIes of all thE twin-PaiRs sTuDied And tHe raw data from tHE anaLyses. Its last chapters puT the rEsULts iN ThE contExt of exIStING stUdIeS, anD pREsEnted A neW theory And model to ExpLaIn the causes aND cOntinuance Of tHe disorder. ThE enVironmEnTal ASpectS thE reseArcherS CheckeD drew on exIsTIng litERature, aND MuLtipLe judgments were poOLeD To both compare aNd mutuAlLY cANCel DifFering critErIa for DIagnosiNG sCHIZopHRenia. The theorY in the book wAS thAt many GeNes WOrk togEther To DIspOse a person tO the Disorder uNder ceRTain envIRonmentAl presSurEs. THe moDEl PrOviDeD No sPEcIfiC TheRapeutic InSiGht, buT was USEFUl as A guIdelIne foR further study.

schIzopHRenIa: The epigeNetiC PUzzle 

schizoPhrenIa: the Epigenetic PuZzle Outlined tHe aPpRoaChEs, conCLusionS anD moDels GotTesman uSEd iN hIS STuDy of schizophrenia. HE cO-WRoTe the booK with JAMeS SHIelds, who DiEd bEforE IT was pUbliSHeD. The book IntrodUCeS mEthods fOr DiagnoSiNg sChiZophrENia iN a reseArch settIng, taKIng into account NAtional differENcES In HOw thE diSorder was deFineD, DebuNked MYtHs sUCh as tHe motHeR TrANsmitting schizophreNiA, and inTroduCed the conceptS of the threSHOLd model aNd thE ReACtion range.

The bOok prOvided a tutORial on geNeticS to make tHe materiaL SElf-contaIneD. FaMilY, adOPTiOn and twin studIES werE iNvestigAteD to deteRmiNe  tHe wAys VuLnerabiliTy to the dIsOrDeR cHanGed wiTH genetic SiMilArIty To the PAtient. togetHer tHeY sUPpoRted the PReSENce oF a GeNetiC coNtRibutIon tO The Cause anD the progrEss OF schIzOpHrenia. COntextual elemEnTs such as biRtH prOblems AND stressfUl incidents were also analYZed to heLp tHe autHors Build a comBinEd modeL to EXplain The disOrder. thE reSEArcheRS AnAlyZeD populatioNS To dEtermInE the Role of gEnes using simplifieD MatHematical modeLs oF the INFlUenCE oF GenEs ANd tHE Environment on eaCh other, and WiTH nO biochemicAL siGnAl of the DisordeR to guIDe them. RUe L. CromweLl, writing In psyccriTIqUES, wrote tHat this aPproach laCKed riGOr. the roLe oF genes WaS leSs empHasizeD In tHe resUlts, wiTh A heritAbiliTy Of 70%, than in Earlier studies by Kallman. the resEarchErs InvestigaTed NEurOanatomy, aNd spEcifically The NeuRotraNsmITter dOpamINe, As a POssibLe roUTe by which GEnEs iNFLuEnce the funcTIONinG of thE brAIn to prOducE the symptoms of the DIsorder.

The authOrs iNVEstIgaTEd auTiSm and psychiatrIc dIsORDers amonG cHildren, but fOund littLe RElatiOn to adUlt schIzophreNIA oR GenetiC infLueNce. They alSo cOvERed the sOcIaL ImplicAtioNs Of the dIsease, COnclUDIng that most schizOphreNICs werE PooR becaUsE the disORder Eroded theiR resources aNd abilItieS. A chaPter was DeVoted tO soCiAl issues, viOLence, illnEsses, Death raTeS, sexUal AspectS, and THE
.

The book presents casehistoriesof al l t hetw in-p airs  studied and t h e ra w data from the analys es. I ts last ch apter s put t h er e sul ts  i n t he co ntext  of  existi ng studies , a nd  presented a ne w theory a ndmodel to exp lai n theca use s  andcon tinua nce of the di sorder. T he enviro n mentala s pe ctsthe researchers c h ec k ed drew on exi stingli t er a t ure , a nd multipl ejudgm e nts wer e  p o o l edt o both compar e and mutua l lycancel  d iff e ring c riter ia for  diagnosing  sch izophreni a. The theoryi n the b ook wa s t hat  man y  g en eswo r k t o ge the r  to  dispose  a  p erson  tot h e diso rde r un der c ertain enviro nme ntal pre ssure s. Th e mo de l pro videdno sp ec ific therapeuti c in sight, bu t w as  us ef ul as a guid eli nefor fur ther st u dy. 
S c h iz ophrenia: The Epig en e t ic  Puzzle

Schi z op hr e nia: The  E pig enet i c  Puzz le o u tl ined the  appro a ch es , concl us ions a nd  mo del s Got t esma n used  in hisstudy of schizophren i a. He co-wrot e  t h e  b o ok w ith  James Shie lds, whodied be for e  it w as pu bl i sh e d. The book introdu ce s meth ods f or diagnosing  schizophr e n i a in a r esea r ch setting, takin g int o accountn ationaldiffe rences i n how the d isorderwas  de fin ed, d eb unked myths s u c h as  t he moth ertransmi tti ngsch izo ph renia, an d introd uc ed  t he  co ncept s  of theth res ho ldmodel and th e rea ctio nra n ge. 

The b o ok p rovi de da tu tor ia l ongene t ics  to mak e the mat eri a l se lf -c ontaine d. Family, ad op tion and t wi n s tudies w ere inve stigated to determine t he ways  vu lnera bili ty to the  di sorder  ch a nged w ith ge netic  s imi l a rityt o  t hepa tient. Tog e t her  they  s uppo rted th e presence of a ge n eti c contributio n t o th e ca use an d  th ep rog r e ss of schizophr enia. Cont ex t ua l elements suc has birt h probl ems a n d stres sful inci dents wer ealso a nal yzed to he lp the a uthors bu i ld ac om bined  mo del to  e xpl ain t he dis o rde r. Th e rese ar chersanaly ze d popula tions to determine therole o f gen esusing sim pli f ied  mathemat ical  models of  th e i nflue nce of ge nesa nd  th e  envi ronm e nt on eac h  o the r ,  a nd with nob i o che mical  si g nal of  the  disorder to guid e  them. Rue L.Crom w e ll,  wr i ting  i n PsycCRITIQUE S,wr o t e that t hi s approachlacked r ig o r. Th e role  of ge nes was l es s  empha size d i n the res ult s, with ahe ri t abilit y of  7 0%, th an ine arli e r  studies by Kall man.T h e res e arc hersin vestiga t ed n euroanatom y, and spec ifical ly t he ne urotran sm itterdop am ine, as ap ossible r outeby whic hgene s i nfluen ce t h e  func tion in g o f the bra i n  t o  p ro d uce  the  symp to ms o f the dis o rder.

T hea uthorsin ves t i gateda ut i s m and psyc hia tricd i sorders am o ng c h il d ren,but fo und li ttle re l ati on  to adu lts c hizophren ia or gen e tic  i nflu ence. Th ey  als ocov er ed the social i mplicati ons of t h e  disea se, conc l udingth at most schi zophr en i cs were p oor  becaus e  th e d iso rder  er oded their resources and abil itie s. Ac hap ter w as de vo ted to s o cial  issues, violence, ill nesses, death r a tes ,  sex ual as pe cts, andthe 
.

The book_presents case_histories of all the_twin-pairs studied_and_the raw_data_from the analyses._Its last chapters_put the results in_the context of_existing_studies, and presented a new theory and model to explain the causes and continuance_of_the disorder._The_environmental_aspects the researchers checked drew_on existing literature, and multiple_judgments were_pooled to both compare and mutually cancel differing_criteria_for diagnosing schizophrenia._The theory in the book was that many genes_work together to dispose a person_to the disorder_under_certain_environmental pressures. The model_provided no specific therapeutic insight, but_was useful as a guideline for_further study.

Schizophrenia: The Epigenetic Puzzle 

Schizophrenia: The_Epigenetic Puzzle outlined the approaches, conclusions_and models Gottesman used in_his study_of schizophrenia. He co-wrote the_book with James_Shields, who_died before it_was published. The book introduces methods_for diagnosing schizophrenia_in a research setting, taking into_account_national differences in_how_the_disorder was_defined, debunked myths_such_as the_mother_transmitting schizophrenia, and introduced the concepts_of_the threshold model and the reaction range.

The_book provided a tutorial_on_genetics to make the_material self-contained. Family, adoption and_twin studies were investigated to determine_ the_ways vulnerability_to the disorder changed with genetic similarity to the patient. Together_they supported the presence of a_genetic contribution to the_cause and_the_progress of schizophrenia._Contextual_elements such_as birth problems and stressful incidents were_also analyzed_to help the authors build a_combined model to explain_the_disorder. The researchers analyzed populations to_determine the role of genes using_simplified mathematical models of the_influence_of_genes and the environment on_each other, and with no biochemical_signal of the_disorder to guide them. Rue L. Cromwell,_writing_in PsycCRITIQUES, wrote that this approach_lacked_rigor. The role of genes was_less_emphasized_in the results, with a_heritability of 70%, than in earlier_studies by Kallman. The researchers investigated neuroanatomy, and specifically_the neurotransmitter dopamine,_as a possible route by_which_genes_influence the functioning of the brain to produce the symptoms_of the_disorder.

The authors investigated_autism and psychiatric disorders among children, but found little relation_to adult schizophrenia or genetic influence. They_also covered the social implications of the disease, concluding that most_schizophrenics were poor because the disorder eroded their_resources and abilities. A chapter was devoted_to social issues, violence,_illnesses,_death rates, sexual aspects, and the