 to withdraw his troops from the duchies. The general refused to obey, pleading that he was under the command not of the king of Prussia but of the regent of the German Confederation, Archduke John of Austria, and proposed that, at least, any treaty concluded should be presented for ratification to the Frankfurt Parliament. This the Danes refused; and negotiations were broken off. Prussia was now confronted on one side by the German unification movement urging her clamorously to action, on the other by the European powers threatening with one voice dire consequences should she persist.

On August 26, 1848, after painful hesitation, Frederick William chose what seemed the lesser of two evils, and Prussia signed at Malmö a convention which yielded practically all the Danish demands. The Holstein estates appealed to the Frankfurt Parliament, which hotly took up their cause; but it was soon clear that the provisional government in Frankfurt of the to-be-unified Germany had no means of enforcing its views, and in the end the convention was ratified at Frankfurt.

The convention was only in the nature of a truce establishing a temporary modus vivendi, and the main issues, left unsettled, continued to be hotly debated. At a conference held in London in October, Denmark suggested an arrangement on the basis of a separation of Schleswig from Holstein, which was about to become a member of the eventually united Germany, Schleswig to have a separate constitution under the Danish crown. This was supported by Great Britain and Russia.

On January 27, 1849 it was accepted by Prussia and the German Confederation. The negotiations broke down, however, on the refusal of Denmark to yield the principle of the indissoluble union with the Danish crown.

On February 23 the truce was at an end, and on April 3, the war was renewed.

The principles which Prussia was commissioned to enforce as the mandatory of the German Confederation were:
that they were independent states
that their union was indissoluble
that they were hereditary only in the male line
At this point the tsar intervened in favour of peace; and Prussia, conscious of her restored strength and weary of the intractable temper of the provisional Frankfurt government, determined to take matters into her own hands.

On July 10, 1849 another truce was signed. Schleswig, until the peace, was to be administered separately, under a mixed commission
to withdraw his troops from the duchies. The general refused to obey, plead that he was under the instruction not of the king of Prussia but of the regent of the German Confederation, Archduke John of Austria, and proposed that, at least, any treaty conclude should be present for ratification to the Frankfurt Parliament. This the Danes refused; and negotiations were dampen off. Prussia was now confronted on one slope by the German unification movement cheer her clamorously to action, on the early by the European powers threatening with one part dire consequences should she prevail. 

 On August 26, 1848, after painful hesitation, Frederick William chose what seem the lesser of two evils, and Prussia signed at Malmö a convention which yield practically all the Danish demands. The Holstein estates appealed to the Frankfurt Parliament, which hotly consume up their cause; but it was soon clear that the provisional government in Frankfurt of the to - be - unified Germany hold no means of enforcing its views, and in the end the convention was ratified at Frankfurt. 

 The convention was only in the nature of a armistice establish a temporary modus vivendi, and the independent topic, left unsettled, continued to be heatedly debated. At a league held in London in October, Denmark suggested an arrangement on the footing of a separation of Schleswig from Holstein, which was about to become a member of the eventually united Germany, Schleswig to have a separate constitution under the Danish pennant. This was supported by Great Britain and Russia. 

 On January 27, 1849 it was accepted by Prussia and the German Confederation. The negotiations broke down, however, on the refusal of Denmark to succumb the principle of the insoluble coupling with the Danish crown. 

 On February 23 the truce was at an end, and on April 3, the war was renewed. 

 The principle which Prussia was commissioned to enforce as the mandatory of the German Confederation were: 
 that they were independent states 
 that their union was indissoluble 
 that they were hereditary only in the male tune 
 At this point the czar intervened in favour of peace; and Prussia, conscious of her restored strength and weary of the intractable pique of the provisional Frankfurt government, determined to take matter into her own hands. 

 On July 10, 1849 another truce was sign. Schleswig, until the peace, was to be administered individually, under a mixed commission
 to withdraw his troops froo the duchies. Tkw genecal refhsed to ubey, pleading that he was unver rhe cimmand not of the king of Prusspa but of the eegent of vge German Conrcderaciin, Archduke Jomn of Austrha, and proposeg ghct, at least, any treaty concluded shotld be lrfsented for rajificseion no the Frankfurt Parliament. Thia the Denes refused; anc negotiations were broken off. Prussia was now clnfronted ob onq side by the German unpyication mobement urging her clamorously tu actnon, on the ityer ty the Euro'ean pjwers threatcming whth one voice dire coksequxncew should she persist.

Oi August 26, 1848, after paigful hesidacion, Frederick Willian xhose whad sedned tht lxsssr of hwo evils, and Prussia sitned at Malmö a convtntyin which yielsed prwceically all the Danish demands. The Holsuein sstates appealed to the Frankfurt Parliament, which hoely took up their cause; but it was soon clear thad the ororlfkinwl government in Frankfurt of the to-be-unified Fetmsny had no meaks of enforcing itx girrs, and in the end tks donvention was ratlfied aj Franjfurt.

The sonvrntion was only in the natuee of a trucv esrablishing a tempoxary modus vnvendi, and yhe main issues, left unrettmed, continufd to be gutly debated. At x cpnxerence held in London in Jctober, Dxnmarl suggerted an arwangement ln thc basis of a separahion lf Schleswig from Holstein, which was about vp become a mgmbar mf the erentuakly united Gewmany, Schleswiy to havz a seoarate conatitutimn under thq Danish crowt. This was su'ported br Grwat Vritain xnd Russia.

On Jsnuary 27, 1849 pt was accepted by Prussla ana the German Conytdetqtion. The negoyiagiogs bcoke qmwn, however, mn tfe frfusau of Denmarj to uield the principle mf tge indissoluble unook with thg Danish srown.

On Februsry 23 the truce was at ai end, end on Aptil 3, the war was renewed.

The prihciples wjicm Prussia was comnissioned to enforce as the mandatory of the German Confederation wete:
that they were indekencent states
vhat treir uniot was indissoluble
thqt they were herecitary only in the mame lina
At tjis point the tsar intervened in favour of peace; and Prussia, conscious of her rxseored strenfth snd wvarv oy the igtrarteble temper of thv provisional Frankfurt governmeit, determiteb to take matters into her owm fands.

On July 10, 1849 another truce was signsd. Schlexwig, until the peace, was to be sdministered separately, mnder a muxed dommission
to withdraw his troops from the duchies. refused obey, pleading he was under king Prussia but of regent of the Confederation, Archduke John of Austria, and that, at least, any treaty concluded should be presented for ratification to the Parliament. This the Danes refused; and negotiations were broken off. Prussia was now on side the unification movement urging her clamorously to action, on the other by the European powers threatening with voice dire consequences should she persist. On August 1848, after painful hesitation, William chose what seemed the of evils, and signed Malmö convention which yielded all the Danish demands. The Holstein estates appealed to the Frankfurt Parliament, which hotly took up their but it clear that provisional in of the to-be-unified no means of enforcing its views, end the convention was ratified at Frankfurt. The was only the nature of a truce establishing temporary modus vivendi, and the main issues, left continued to be hotly debated. At a conference held in London in October, Denmark suggested on the basis of separation of Schleswig Holstein, was to a member the eventually united Germany, Schleswig to have a separate constitution under Danish crown. This was supported by Great Britain and Russia. 27, it was accepted Prussia and the German The broke down, however, on of to of indissoluble with the Danish crown. February 23 the truce was an end, and on renewed. The principles which Prussia was commissioned to as the mandatory of the German Confederation that they were independent states that their union was indissoluble that they hereditary only male line At this point the tsar intervened favour of peace; and conscious of her restored strength and weary of the temper the provisional government, determined to matters into her hands. On July another truce signed. until to be administered separately, under a commission
 to withdraw his troops from thE duchies. ThE geneRal RefUsEd to Obey, Pleading that he WAs unDer the command not of the kIng of prUSsia BUt Of the Regent oF ThE gErmAn coNfeDeRAtIon, ArChdUke John Of Austria, aNd pRoPosed that, at lEAsT, any treaty ConCluded should Be pResentEd For RAtifiCatIon to The FraNKfurt PArliament. thIS the DaNEs refusED; AnD negOtiations were brokEN oFF. Prussia was now ConfroNtED oN ONe sIde By the GermaN uNificATion movEMeNT URgiNG her clamorousLy to action, oN The Other bY tHe EURopean PowerS tHReaTening with oNe voIce dire coNsequeNCes shouLD she perSist.

On augUst 26, 1848, AfteR PaInFul HeSItaTIoN, FrEDerIck WilliAm ChOse whAt seEMED The lEssEr of Two evIls, and Prussia SigNed aT malMö a coNventIon wHiCh yieLded prActicAlLy all the Danish dEmanDs. The HolsTeiN eStaTeS appeALed to tHe FRanKfurt PaRliamenT, WhiCh HOTLy Took up their cause; buT iT WAs Soon cleaR that tHE pRoVIsional gOvErnMent IN frankFurt OF tHe to-be-unIfied GERmAnY had no mEaNs of enFoRciNg iTs vieWS, and In the eNd the conVentiON was ratified at fRankfurt.

The coNVeNTIoN Was oNly In the nature Of a tRUce eStabLIsHinG A tempOrary MoDUs VIvendi, and the main issUeS, left uNsettLed, continued tO be hotly deBATEd. At a conFereNCe HEld in London in OCtobeR, Denmark suGGested an ArranGement on The basis oF A SeparatiOn oF ScHleSwiG FRoM Holstein, whicH WAs abOuT to becoMe a Member oF thE evEntUalLy United GerMany, SchlEsWiG tO hAve A sepaRAte constItUtiOn UndEr the dAnish cRown. THis wAs SuPPorTed by GrEAt bRItaiN aNd russIa.

ON JAnuarY 27, 1849 it wAS acCepted bY Prussia aNd tHE GerMaN COnfederAtion. The negotIaTions broke DoWn, hOwever, ON The refusAl of Denmark to yield the prINciple oF thE indiSsolUble union WitH the DaNisH Crown.

ON FebruAry 23 thE tRucE WAs at aN ENd, And On april 3, the waR WAs rEneweD.

THe prIncipleS which Prussia was coMMisSioned to enforCe aS the MANdAtoRY oF The geRMan cONfederation were:
That they weRe INdEpendent stATes
ThAt their Union waS indiSSoluble
That they wEre herediTaRy onLY In tHe male line
at this poInt the tsaR InterVEnEd in fAvoUr of peAcE; anD PrusSia, conSCioUs of hEr restOrEd streNgth aNd Weary of tHe intractable temper of thE proviSionaL FrAnkfurt goVerNMenT, determinEd to Take matterS inTo hEr own HanDS.

On JuLy 10, 1849 anOThEr tRUce waS sigNEd. SchleswIG, uNtiL THe Peace, was to bE ADMinIsterEd sEParateLy, unDer a mixed commissiON
 to withdraw his troops fr om the duc hies.  Th e g en eral  ref used to obey,p lead ing that he was underthe c om m andn ot  of t he king of P rus si abut  o f  t he re gen t of th e German C onf ed eration, Arc h du ke John of  Au stria, and p rop osed t ha t,a t lea st,  anytreaty conclu ded shoul db e pres e nted fo r ra tifi cation to the Fra n kf u rt Parliament.  Thisth e  D a n esref used; andne gotia t ions we r eb r o ken off. Prussiawas now con f ron ted on  o nes ide by  theGe r man  unificatio n mo vement ur ging h e r clamo r ously t o acti on,  on  the ot he r b yt heE ur ope a n p owers th re at ening  wit h o n e vo ice  dir e con sequences sho uld  she per sist. 

OnAugu st  26,1848,after  p ainful hesitati on,Frederick  Wi ll iam  c hosew hat se eme d t he less er of t w o e vi l s ,  a nd Prussia signedat M al mö a con ventio n  w hi c h yielde dpra ctic a l ly al l th e  D anish de mands. Th eHolstei nestate sapp eal ed to theFrankf urt Parl iamen t , which hotlyt ook up theirc au s e ;b ut i t w as soon cle ar t h at t he p r ov isi o nal g overn me n ti n Frankfurt of theto -be-un ified  Germany hadno means o f e nforcing  its vi e ws, and in the  endthe conven t ion wasratif ied at F rankfurt. The conv ent ion  wa s o n l yin the nature o f atr uce est abl ishinga t emp ora rymo dus viven di, andth ema in  is sues, left uns et tle d,  co ntinu e d to b e hot ly d eb at e d.At a co n fe r e ncehe ld  inLon do n inOcto b er,  Denmar k suggest eda n ar ra ng ement o n the basis o fa separati on  of  Schle s w ig fromHolstein, which was abo u t to be com e a m embe r of theeve ntuall y u n ited G ermany , Sch le swi g to ha v e  a  se pa rate const i t uti on un de r th e Danis h crown. This wass upp orted by Grea t B rita i n  a ndR us s ia. 
O n J a n uary 27, 1849 i t was acce pt e dby Prussia and  t he Germ an Conf edera t ion. Th e negotia tions bro ke  dow n ,  ho wever, onthe refu sal of De n markt oyield  th e prin ci ple  of t he ind i sso luble  union  w ith th e Dan is h crown. 

On February 23 the tr uce wa s atanend, andonA pri l 3, thewarwas renewe d.
Th e pri nci p les w hich Pr uss i a was  com m issionedt oenf o r ce  as the man d a t ory  of t heG ermanConf ederation were:
t h at they were i ndep e n den t s t ates 
t hat their unio n w as i ndissolu bl e
that they  were he re d itary  onlyin the  male l i n eA t this  poi ntthe tsarint er v ened in  f av o ur ofpeac e;  and P russia ,  con s c ious of her rest oreds t rengt h  an d wea ry  of the intr actable te mper of the  provi sion al Fr ankfurt  g overnm ent ,determined to take m atter s intohe r ow n h ands.
OnJ u ly 10 , 18 49  an other tru c e  w a ssi g ned . Sc hlesw ig , un til the p e ace, was  to be admi ni ste r e d sepa r at e l y, under a  mi xed c o m mission
 to_withdraw his_troops from the duchies._The general_refused_to obey,_pleading_that he was_under the command_not of the king_of Prussia but_of_the regent of the German Confederation, Archduke John of Austria, and proposed that, at_least,_any treaty_concluded_should_be presented for ratification to_the Frankfurt Parliament. This the_Danes refused;_and negotiations were broken off. Prussia was now_confronted_on one side_by the German unification movement urging her clamorously to_action, on the other by the_European powers threatening_with_one_voice dire consequences should_she persist.

On August 26, 1848, after_painful hesitation, Frederick William chose what_seemed the lesser of two evils, and_Prussia signed at Malmö a convention_which yielded practically all the_Danish demands._The Holstein estates appealed to_the Frankfurt Parliament,_which hotly_took up their_cause; but it was soon clear_that the provisional_government in Frankfurt of the to-be-unified_Germany_had no means_of_enforcing_its views,_and in the_end_the convention_was_ratified at Frankfurt.

The convention was only_in_the nature of a truce establishing a_temporary modus vivendi, and_the_main issues, left unsettled,_continued to be hotly debated._At a conference held in London_in October,_Denmark suggested_an arrangement on the basis of a separation of Schleswig from_Holstein, which was about to become_a member of the_eventually united_Germany,_Schleswig to have_a_separate constitution_under the Danish crown. This was supported_by Great_Britain and Russia.

On January 27, 1849_it was accepted by_Prussia_and the German Confederation. The negotiations_broke down, however, on the refusal_of Denmark to yield the_principle_of_the indissoluble union with the_Danish crown.

On February 23 the truce_was at an_end, and on April 3, the war_was_renewed.

The principles which Prussia was commissioned_to_enforce as the mandatory of the_German_Confederation_were:
that they were independent states
that_their union was indissoluble
that they were_hereditary only in the male line
At this point the_tsar intervened in_favour of peace; and Prussia,_conscious_of_her restored strength and weary of the intractable temper of_the provisional_Frankfurt government, determined_to take matters into her own hands.

On July 10, 1849_another truce was signed. Schleswig, until the_peace, was to be administered separately, under a mixed commission