 April 2009, PULO outlined a solution to conflict at the OICs Twelfth Meeting of the Intergovernmental Group of Experts to consider the Conditions of Muslim Communities and Minorities in Jeddah.

Symbols
In the last decade of the unrest in south Thailand, the Black Standard flag has largely replaced the colourful secessionist flags formerly used by the different groups involved in the insurgency against the Thai government.

High profile incidents

Krue Se Mosque Incident
On 28 April 2004, more than 100 militants carried out terrorist attacks against 10 police outposts across Pattani, Yala, and Songkhla Provinces in south Thailand. Thirty-two gunmen retreated to the 425-year-old Krue Se Mosque, regarded by Muslims as the holiest mosque in Pattani.

General Pallop Pinmanee, commander of the "Southern Peace Enhancement Center" and Deputy Director of the Internal Security Operations Command, was the senior army officer on the scene. After a tense seven-hour stand-off, Pallop ordered an all-out assault on the mosque. All of the gunmen were killed. He later insisted, "I had no choice. I was afraid that as time passed the crowd would be sympathetic to the insurgents, to the point of trying to rescue them".

It was later revealed that Pallop's order to storm the mosque contravened a direct order by Defense Minister Chavalit Yongchaiyudh to seek a peaceful resolution to the stand-off no matter how long it took. Pallop was immediately ordered out of the area, and later tendered his resignation as commander of the Southern Peace Enhancement Center. The forward command of the Internal Security Operations Command (ISOC), which Pallop headed, was also dissolved. A government investigative commission found that the security forces had over-reacted. The Asian Centre for Human Rights questioned the independence and impartiality of the investigative commission. On 3 May 2004 during a senate hearing, Senator Kraisak Choonhavan noted that most of those killed at Krue Se Mosque had been shot in the head and there were signs that ropes had been tied around their wrists, suggesting they had been executed after being captured.

The incident resulted in a personal conflict between Pallop and Defense Minister Chavalit, who was also director of the ISOC. Pallop later demanded that the defence minister cease any involvement in the management of the southern insurgency
April 2009, PULO outlined a solution to conflict at the OICs Twelfth Meeting of the Intergovernmental Group of Experts to consider the Conditions of Muslim Communities and Minorities in Jeddah. 

 Symbols 
 In the final ten of the unrest in south Thailand, the Black Standard flag has largely replace the colorful secessionist flags formerly use by the unlike groups involved in the insurgency against the Thai government. 

 High profile incident 

 Krue Se Mosque Incident 
 On 28 April 2004, more than 100 militants carried out terrorist fire against 10 police outposts across Pattani, Yala, and Songkhla Provinces in south Thailand. Thirty - two gunmen retreated to the 425 - year - old Krue Se Mosque, regarded by Muslims as the holy mosque in Pattani. 

 General Pallop Pinmanee, commander of the " Southern Peace Enhancement Center " and Deputy Director of the Internal Security Operations Command, was the senior army officeholder on the scene. After a tense seven - hour stand - off, Pallop arrange an wholly - out assault on the mosque. All of the gunmen were killed. He later insisted, " I give birth no choice. I was afraid that as time passed the crowd would be sympathetic to the insurgents, to the distributor point of trying to rescue them ". 

 It was later revealed that Pallop's order to storm the mosque contravened a direct order by Defense Minister Chavalit Yongchaiyudh to seek a peaceful resolving power to the stand - off no matter how long it took. Pallop was immediately arrange out of the sphere, and by and by tendered his resignation as commander of the Southern Peace Enhancement Center. The advancing command of the Internal Security Operations Command (ISOC), which Pallop head, was also dissolved. A politics investigative commission found that the security forces had over - reacted. The Asian Centre for Human Rights questioned the independence and impartiality of the investigative commission. On 3 May 2004 during a senate hearing, Senator Kraisak Choonhavan noted that most of those kill at Krue Se Mosque had been shot in the drumhead and there were signs that ropes had been tied around their wrists, suggest they had been executed after being captured. 

 The incident resulted in a personal conflict between Pallop and Defense Minister Chavalit, who was also director of the ISOC. Pallop later demanded that the defense minister cease any involvement in the management of the southern insurgency
 Apgil 2009, PULO outlined a solmtion to conflicj qt the OICs Fwelfth Oeeting of the Intergovernmeital Grouk of Experts to conrider the Conditiins id Muslim Communiticf ans Minmcities in Jeddam.

Symbols
In dhe last decada uf the unrest in south Thailand, the Bjack Stsnfard flag has jargtly repmaced the colourful secessionist fmags fogmerly used by thr different groups involvef in the insurgency agwinst the Tyai divernment.

Higf profile pucidents

Krug Se Mosque Incident
On 28 April 2004, mure tkan 100 militabtw cwtried out tecrorisn attacks agalmst 10 pmlice oitposts across Pavtanu, Yala, and Songkhla Pcovinces in south Thwiland. Thhrcy-two gunmen retreatee ro thg 425-yeas-old Jrud St Mpssue, reharved by Musljms as the yoliest mosque in Psteqni.

General Pamlop Pynianee, commander of the "Southern Peace Ethahcement Center" and Depury Director of the Injernal Sectrity Operations Command, was the senior army offiwer oi ghe sgene. Qfher a tense seven-hour stand-off, Pallop ordered zn akl-out assault jn the mosqie. Akj of the gunmgn were kimled. He later insidted, "I rad ni choice. Y wax afraid that as time passee the crowd couod be sympathetic co the insuryents, jo the point of trying to reseue thsm".

It was laher reveamdd that Pallop's urdvr tm storm ufe mosque contravqned a dicect prder bh Degense Iinister Cjavalld Yongchaiyudh to deek c peaweful resopution to the stand-off no mattec how long it tmok. Pallop cas imkediately ordqred out of thg area, anb latef tendered his revignation af commander ox the Southeri Peace Eghanxemebt Centdf. The forward vommand oy the Internal Security Opgrztions Command (NRIC), which Pallop hexdeq, aax wnso dissolveg. A eovdtnmeng invesungabivd cokmission found that dhe aecurity forces hac jver-reacjed. The Afian Centre fpr Human Rights qutstionxd the indelenqence and impartiality of the jnvestigahivc commission. Jn 3 Nay 2004 during c senate hearing, Senator Kraisak Choonhatan noted that most of rhose killed at Krug St Mosque had ueen srot in tha head and there werw signs that ropex had been tied arouns theis wridts, suggesting they had been executed after being captured.

The incident rewulted in a personzl cpnflibt yetceen Pajlop end Defense Minisner Chavalit, who was also directur of tha NSOC. Pallop later demanded thst the defence oinister cease any involbement im the management of the southerm insurgency
April 2009, PULO outlined a solution to the Twelfth Meeting the Intergovernmental Group Conditions Muslim Communities and in Jeddah. Symbols the last decade of the unrest south Thailand, the Black Standard flag has largely replaced the colourful secessionist flags used by the different groups involved in the insurgency against the Thai government. profile Krue Mosque On 28 April 2004, more than 100 militants carried out terrorist attacks against 10 police outposts Pattani, Yala, and Songkhla Provinces in south Thailand. gunmen retreated to the Krue Se Mosque, regarded by as holiest mosque Pattani. Pallop commander of the Peace Enhancement Center" and Deputy Director of the Internal Security Operations Command, was the senior army officer the scene. tense seven-hour Pallop an assault on the of the gunmen were killed. He had no choice. I was afraid that as passed the would be sympathetic to the insurgents, the point of trying to rescue them". It later revealed that Pallop's order to storm the mosque contravened a direct order by Defense Yongchaiyudh to seek a resolution to the no how it Pallop was ordered out of the area, and later tendered his resignation as of the Southern Peace Enhancement Center. The forward command of Security Command (ISOC), which headed, was also dissolved. government commission found that the had The Human questioned independence and impartiality of investigative commission. On 3 May during a senate hearing, most of those killed at Krue Se Mosque been shot in the head and there signs that ropes had been tied around their wrists, suggesting they had executed after The incident resulted in a personal conflict between and Defense Minister Chavalit, was also director of the ISOC. Pallop later demanded the minister cease involvement in the of the southern
 April 2009, PULO outlined a solutioN to conflicT at thE OIcs TWeLfth meetIng of the IntergOVernMental Group of Experts to ConsiDeR The CONdItionS of MuslIM COMMunItIeS anD MINoRitieS in jeddah.

SYmbols
In thE laSt Decade of the uNReSt in south THaiLand, the Black staNdard fLaG haS LargeLy rEplacEd the cOLourfuL secessioNiST flags FOrmerly USEd By thE different groups iNVoLVed in the insurgEncy agAiNSt THE ThAi gOvernment.

HIgH profILe incidENtS

kRUe SE mosque IncidenT
On 28 April 2004, morE ThaN 100 militAnTs cARried oUt terRoRIst Attacks agaiNst 10 pOlice outpOsts acROss PattANi, Yala, aNd SongKhlA PrOvinCEs In SouTh tHaiLAnD. ThIRty-Two gunmeN rEtReateD to tHE 425-YEAr-olD KrUe Se mosquE, regarded by MuSliMs as THe hOliesT mosqUe in paTtani.

generaL PallOp pinmanee, commandEr of The "SoutheRn PEaCe ENhAncemENt CentEr" aNd DEputy DiRector oF The inTERNaL Security OperationS COMMaNd, was the Senior ARmY oFFicer on tHe SceNe. AfTER a tenSe seVEn-Hour stanD-off, PaLLoP oRdered aN aLl-out aSsAulT on The moSQue. ALl of thE gunmen wEre kiLLed. He later insiSTed, "I had no choiCE. I WAS aFRaid ThaT as time passEd thE CrowD wouLD bE syMPatheTic to ThE InSUrgents, to the point of TrYing to RescuE them".

It was latEr revealed THAT Pallop's OrdeR To STorm the mosque cOntraVened a direCT order by defenSe MinistEr ChavaliT yOngchaiyUdh To sEek A peACEfUl resolution tO THe stAnD-off no mAttEr how loNg iT toOk. PAllOp Was immediAtely ordErEd OuT oF thE area, ANd later tEnDerEd His ResigNAtion aS commAndeR oF tHE SoUthern PEAcE eNhanCeMeNt CeNteR. THe forWard COmmAnd of thE Internal secURity opErAtions COmmand (ISOC), whiCh pallop headEd, Was Also diSSOlved. A goVernment investigative coMMission FouNd thaT the Security fOrcEs had oVer-REacted. the AsiAn CenTrE foR hUman RIGHtS quEsTioned the iNDEpeNdencE aNd imPartialIty of the investigatIVe cOmmission. On 3 MaY 2004 duRing A SEnAte HEaRIng, seNAtoR kRaisak ChoonhavaN noted that MoST oF those killED at krUe Se MosQue had bEen shOT in the hEad and theRe were sigNs That ROPes Had been tieD around tHeir wristS, SuggeSTiNg theY haD been eXeCutEd aftEr beinG CapTured.

the incIdEnt resUlted In A personaL conflict between Pallop aNd DefeNse MiNisTer ChavalIt, wHO waS also direCtor Of the ISOC. PAllOp lAter dEmaNDed thAt thE DeFenCE miniSter CEase any inVOlVemENT iN the managemENT Of tHe souTheRN insurGencY
 April 2009, PULO outlined  a solutio n tocon fli ct  attheOICs Twelfth M e etin g of the Intergovernme ntalGr o up o f  E xpert s to co n si d e r t he  C ond it i on s ofMus lim Com munities a ndMi norities inJ ed dah.

Symb ols 
In the last  de cade o fthe unres t i n sou th Tha i land,the Black  S t andard flag ha s la rgel y replaced the co l ou r ful secessioni st fla gs fo r m erl y u sed by the  d iffer e nt grou p si n v olv e d in the insu rgency agai n stthe Th ai  go v ernmen t.

H ig h  pr ofile incid ents 

Krue Se  Mosqu e  Incide n t
On 28  April  20 04,  mor e  t ha n 1 00 mil i ta nts car ried out  t er roris t at t a c k s ag ain st 1 0 pol ice outpostsacr ossP att ani,Yala,  and  S ongkh la Pro vince sin south Thaila nd.Thirty-tw o g un men  r etrea t ed tothe  42 5-year- old Kru e  Se  M o s q ue , regarded by Musl im s as  the hol iest m o sq ue in Patta ni .
Gene r a l Pal lopP in manee, c ommand e rof  the "S ou thernPe ace  En hance m entCenter " and De putyD irector of the Internal Secu r it y Op e rati ons  Command, w as t h e se nior ar myo ffice r onth e  s c ene. After a tensese ven-ho ur st and-off, Pall op ordered a n  all-out  ass a ul t  on the mosque . All  of the gu n men were  kill ed. He l ater insi s t ed, "I h adnocho ice . Iwas afraid th a t  asti me pass edthe cro wdwou ldbesy mpathetic  to thein su rg en ts,  to t h e pointof  tr yi ngto re s cue th em".
Itwa sl ate r revea l ed t hatPa ll op's  or de r tostor m  th e mosqu e contrav ene d  a d ir ec t order  by Defense M in ister Chav al itYongch a i yudh toseek a peaceful resolut i on to t hestand -off  no matte r h ow lon g i t  took.  Pallo p was  i mme d i ately o rd ere dout of the a rea , and  l ater  tender ed his resignation ascommander ofthe  Sou t h er n P e ac e  En ha n cem e n t Center. The f orward com ma n dof the Int e rna lSecurit y Opera tions Command  (ISOC),which Pal lo p he a d ed,  was alsodissolve d. A gove r nment in vesti gat ive co mm iss ion f ound t h atthe s ecurit yforces  hadov er-react ed. The Asian Centre fo r Huma n Rig hts  question edt heindepende nceand impart ial ity  of t hei nvest igat i ve  co m missi on.O n 3 May 2 0 04  du r i ng  a senate h e a r ing , Sen ato r  Krais ak C hoonhavan noted t h at most of tho se k i l led  at Krue  S e Mosque had b een  s h o t in the  h ead and the re weresi g ns th at rop es had  been t i e da roundthei r w rists, su gge st i ng they  h ad been e xecu te d afte r bein g  cap t u red.

The incide nt re s u ltedi n a  pers on al conf l ictbetween Pa llop and De fenseMini sterChavali t,  who w asal so directo r  of the I SOC.Pallopla terdem andedthat t he de fenc emin ister cea s e  a n yin v olv emen t inth e ma nagemento f the so uth e rn insu rg enc y 
 April_2009, PULO_outlined a solution to_conflict at_the_OICs Twelfth_Meeting_of the Intergovernmental_Group of Experts_to consider the Conditions_of Muslim Communities_and_Minorities in Jeddah.

Symbols
In the last decade of the unrest in south Thailand, the Black_Standard_flag has_largely_replaced_the colourful secessionist flags formerly_used by the different groups_involved in_the insurgency against the Thai government.

High profile incidents

Krue_Se_Mosque Incident
On 28_April 2004, more than 100 militants carried out terrorist_attacks against 10 police outposts across_Pattani, Yala, and_Songkhla_Provinces_in south Thailand. Thirty-two_gunmen retreated to the 425-year-old Krue_Se Mosque, regarded by Muslims as_the holiest mosque in Pattani.

General Pallop Pinmanee,_commander of the "Southern Peace Enhancement_Center" and Deputy Director of_the Internal_Security Operations Command, was the_senior army officer_on the_scene. After a_tense seven-hour stand-off, Pallop ordered an_all-out assault on_the mosque. All of the gunmen_were_killed. He later_insisted,_"I_had no_choice. I was_afraid_that as_time_passed the crowd would be sympathetic_to_the insurgents, to the point of trying_to rescue them".

It was_later_revealed that Pallop's order_to storm the mosque contravened_a direct order by Defense Minister_Chavalit Yongchaiyudh_to seek_a peaceful resolution to the stand-off no matter how long it_took. Pallop was immediately ordered out_of the area, and_later tendered_his_resignation as commander_of_the Southern_Peace Enhancement Center. The forward command of_the Internal_Security Operations Command (ISOC), which Pallop_headed, was also dissolved._A_government investigative commission found that the_security forces had over-reacted. The Asian_Centre for Human Rights questioned_the_independence_and impartiality of the investigative_commission. On 3 May 2004 during_a senate hearing,_Senator Kraisak Choonhavan noted that most of_those_killed at Krue Se Mosque had_been_shot in the head and there_were_signs_that ropes had been tied_around their wrists, suggesting they had_been executed after being captured.

The incident resulted in a_personal conflict between_Pallop and Defense Minister Chavalit,_who_was_also director of the ISOC. Pallop later demanded that the_defence minister_cease any involvement_in the management of the southern insurgency