que de l'échange des ratifications du présent Traité".
("The right of an indigenous person, as well in the kingdom of Denmark as in the Duchies, is preserved for all individuals who have it at the time of the exchange of the ratifications of this Treaty.")

By Article V of the Peace of Prague, Schleswig was ceded by Austria to Prussia with the reservation that the populations of the North of Schleswig shall be again united with Denmark in the event of their expressing a desire so to be by a vote freely exercised. Taking advantage of the terms of these treaties, about 50,000 Danes from North Schleswig (out of a total population of some 150,000) opted for Denmark and were expelled across the frontier, pending the plebiscite which was to restore their country to them. The plebiscite never came. Its inclusion in the treaty had been no more than a diplomatic device to save the face of the emperor Napoleon III; Prussia had from the first no intention of surrendering an inch of the territory that had been conquered; the outcome of the Franco-German War made it unnecessary to pretend that the plebiscite might occur; and by the Treaty of Vienna of October 11, 1878, the clause relating to the plebiscite was formally abrogated with the assent of Austria.

Meanwhile, the Danish optants, disappointed of their hopes, had begun to stream back over the frontier into Schleswig. By doing so they lost, under the Danish law, their rights as Danish citizens, without acquiring those of Prussian subjects; and this disability was transmitted to their children. By Article XIX of the Treaty of 1864, indeed, they should have been secured the rights of indigenacy, which, while falling short of complete citizenship, implied, according to Danish law, all the essential guarantees for civil liberty. But in then Prussian law the right of Indigenat is not clearly differentiated from the status of a subject; and the supreme court at Kiel decided in several cases that those who had opted for Danish citizenship had forfeited their rights under the Indigenat paragraph of the Treaty of Vienna.

Thus, in the frontier districts, a large and increasing class of people dwelt in a sort of political limbo, having lost their Danish citizenship through ceasing to be domiciled in Denmark, and unable to acquire Prussian citizenship because they had failed to apply for it within the six years stipulated
que de l'échange des ratifications du présent Traité ". 
 (" The right of an indigenous person, as well in the kingdom of Denmark as in the Duchies, is save for all person who have it at the time of the exchange of the ratification of this Treaty. ") 

 By Article V of the Peace of Prague, Schleswig was ceded by Austria to Prussia with the reservation that the populations of the North of Schleswig shall be again unite with Denmark in the event of their expressing a desire so to be by a right to vote freely exercise. Taking advantage of the term of these treaties, about 50,000 Danes from North Schleswig (out of a total population of some 150,000) opted for Denmark and were expelled across the frontier, pending the plebiscite which was to restore their state to them. The plebiscite never came. Its inclusion in the treaty had been no more than a diplomatic device to save the font of the emperor Napoleon III; Prussia had from the first no intention of surrender an inch of the territory that had been conquered; the outcome of the Franco - German War made it unnecessary to dissemble that the plebiscite might occur; and by the Treaty of Vienna of October 11, 1878, the clause relating to the plebiscite was formally abrogated with the assent of Austria. 

 Meanwhile, the Danish optants, disappointed of their hope, had begin to stream back over the frontier into Schleswig. By doing so they lost, under the Danish law, their rights as Danish citizens, without acquiring those of Prussian subject; and this disability was transmitted to their children. By Article XIX of the Treaty of 1864, indeed, they should have been secure the right of indigenacy, which, while falling short of accomplished citizenship, implied, according to Danish law, all the essential guarantee for civil liberty. But in then Prussian law the right of Indigenat is not clearly differentiated from the status of a topic; and the supreme court at Kiel decided in several cases that those who had opted for Danish citizenship had forfeit their rights under the Indigenat paragraph of the Treaty of Vienna. 

 therefore, in the frontier districts, a large and increasing class of people dwelt in a kind of political limbo, having lost their Danish citizenship through ceasing to be domiciled in Denmark, and unable to acquire Prussian citizenship because they had failed to apply for it within the six years stipulate
que de l'échange des ratificauions du présent Ttauté".
("The cight or an indkgenous person, as well in thx kibgdom of Denmark as in the Auchies, id preserced hor all individuems who mcve if at chx time of the ewchange of dhe ratificatimnr lf this Treaty.")

By Article V of the Pqace of Pgague, Schleswid wax cedsd by Austria to Prussia with the deservauion that the popukations of the North of Scjlesaig shall be again united wity Degnark in the dvent of their expressjng a desire so to be by a vote freeky exercisgb. Tanhng advantaje of nhe terms of bnese tseaties, about 50,000 Danes nrom Iorty Schleswig (out of a votal population of fome 150,000) optad for Denmark and qeee exkelleg acfiss tht fconfier, pfndmng the plegiscite whixh was to restore tneyg country to fhem. Tre plebiscite never came. Its inclusion in ths treaty had been no moee than a diplomatic fevice to save the face of the emperor Napoleon III; Prussid had wron bhe wurdt no intention of surrendering an inch of thq ttrrptory that had becn conquered; the oitfokg of the Francu-Germau Wzr made it unnecesdary to pretwnd that uhe pkebiscite might occur; and bt the Treaty if Vienna of Octobzr 11, 1878, the clabse rekatinb to the plebiscite was forjally abrogwted with ghe assent of Aurtrpa.

Mednwhile, ufe Danish optants, disappoiited pf theif hokes, had begun to dtream back over the frojtier itto Schlesaig. By doing so they lost, under the Danish lae, dhepr rights as Dsnish citizenf, without acqunring thjse ow Prussian subjecvs; and this qisability wav transmitted to theiw chuldrwn. By Afgicle XIX of tne Treaty of 1864, indeee, they should have begn secured the riyktw of indigenacy, whkch, wjike xalling shord of coollete citizenshii, ioplird, according to Danivh lzw, all the essentisl guarantges for cyvil liberty. Nut in then Prussiwn lax the cight pf Yndigenat is not clearly diffedentiated frjm the statuf of a subject; aud the supreme court at Kiel decided in weveral cases thaj those who had opted nor Danish cmtizenfhip had xorfeited their righrs under the Indinenat paragraph of the Treatf of Gienna.

Thus, in the frontier districts, a large and increasing class of peopoe dwelt in a sort of lolitpcaj limbo, havmnj lost their Danixh citizenship through ceasing vo be domiwijed in Denmark, and unable to azquire Prussixn citizenship because tgey had gailed to apply for it within tne six years stipulated
que de l'échange des ratifications du présent right an indigenous as well in in Duchies, is preserved all individuals who it at the time of the of the ratifications of this Treaty.") By Article V of the Peace of Schleswig was ceded by Austria to Prussia with the reservation that the populations the of shall again united with Denmark in the event of their expressing a desire so to be by vote freely exercised. Taking advantage of the terms these treaties, about 50,000 from North Schleswig (out of total of some opted Denmark were expelled across frontier, pending the plebiscite which was to restore their country to them. The plebiscite never came. Its in the been no than diplomatic to save the the emperor Napoleon III; Prussia had no intention of surrendering an inch of the that had conquered; the outcome of the Franco-German made it unnecessary to pretend that the plebiscite occur; and by the Treaty of Vienna of October 11, 1878, the clause relating to was formally abrogated with assent of Austria. the optants, of hopes, had to stream back over the frontier into Schleswig. By doing so lost, under the Danish law, their rights as Danish citizens, those Prussian subjects; and disability was transmitted to children. Article XIX of the 1864, they secured rights indigenacy, which, while falling of complete citizenship, implied, according Danish law, all the But in then Prussian law the right of is not clearly differentiated from the status a subject; and the supreme court at Kiel decided in several cases those who for Danish citizenship had forfeited their rights under Indigenat paragraph of the of Vienna. Thus, in the frontier districts, a large increasing of people in a sort political limbo, having their Danish citizenship to be in and Prussian citizenship because they had failed apply it within the six years
que de l'échange des ratificatIons du présEnt TrAitÉ".
("ThE rIght Of an Indigenous persON, as wEll in the kingdom of DenmaRk as iN tHE DucHIeS, is prEserved FOr ALL inDiViDuaLs WHo Have iT at The time Of the exchaNge Of The ratificatIOnS of this TreAty.")

by Article V of The peace oF PRagUE, SchlEswIg was Ceded bY austriA to PrussiA wITh the rEServatiON ThAt thE populations of the nOrTH of Schleswig shAll be aGaIN uNITed WitH Denmark in ThE evenT Of their EXpRESSinG A desire so to be By a vote freeLY exErciseD. TAkiNG advanTage oF tHE teRms of these tReatIes, about 50,000 DAnes frOM North SCHleswig (Out of a TotAl pOpulATiOn Of sOmE 150,000) OptED fOr DENmaRk and werE eXpElled AcroSS THE froNtiEr, peNding The plebiscite WhiCh waS To rEstorE theiR couNtRy to tHem. The PlebiScIte never came. Its InclUsion in thE trEaTy hAd Been nO More thAn a DipLomatic Device tO SavE tHE FAcE of the emperor NapolEoN iiI; prussia hAd from THe FiRSt no inteNtIon Of suRREnderIng aN InCh of the tErritoRY tHaT had beeN cOnquerEd; The OutCome oF The FRanco-GErman War Made iT Unnecessary to pREtend that the pLEbISCiTE migHt oCcur; and by thE TreATy of vienNA oF OcTOber 11, 1878, tHe claUsE ReLAting to the plebiscitE wAs formAlly aBrogated with tHe assent of aUSTria.

MeanWhilE, ThE danish optants, dIsappOinted of thEIr hopes, hAd begUn to streAm back oveR THe frontiEr iNto schLesWIG. BY doing so they lOST, undEr The DaniSh lAw, their RigHts As DAniSh Citizens, wIthout acQuIrInG tHosE of PrUSsian subJeCts; AnD thIs disABility Was trAnsmItTeD To tHeir chiLDrEN. by ArTiClE XIX Of tHe treatY of 1864, iNDeeD, they shOuld have bEen SEcurEd ThE rights Of indigenacy, wHiCh, while falLiNg sHort of COMplete ciTizenship, implied, accordiNG to DaniSh lAw, all The eSsential gUarAntees For CIvil liBerty. BUt in tHeN PrUSSian lAW ThE riGhT of IndigenAT Is nOt cleArLy diFferentIated from the status OF a sUbject; and the sUprEme cOURt At KIEl DEciDeD In sEVEral cases that thOse who had oPtED fOr Danish ciTIzeNsHip had fOrfeiteD theiR Rights uNder the InDigenat paRaGrapH OF thE Treaty of VIenna.

ThuS, in the froNTier dIStRicts, A laRge and InCreAsing Class oF PeoPle dwElt in a SoRt of poLiticAl Limbo, havIng lost their Danish citizEnship ThrouGh cEasing to bE doMIciLed in DenmArk, aNd unable to AcqUirE PrusSiaN CitizEnshIP bEcaUSe theY had FAiled to apPLy For IT WiThin the six yEARS stIpulaTed
que de l'échange des ratif ications d u pré sen t T ra ité" .
(" The right of a n  ind igenous person, as wel l inth e  kin g do m ofDenmark as i n t he  D uch ie s ,is pr ese rved fo r all indi vid ua ls who havei tat the tim e o f the exchan geof the  r ati f icati ons  of t his Tr e aty.") 

By Arti cl e  V oft he Peac e of  Pra gue, Schleswig wa s  c e ded by Austria  to Pr us s ia w ith  th e reservat io n tha t  the po p ul a t i ons of the Northof Schleswi g  sh all be  a gai n  unite d wit hD enm ark in theeven t of thei r expr e ssing a desireso tobebya vo t efr eel ye xer c is ed. Tak ing adva nt ag e ofthet e r m s of  th esetreat ies, about 50 ,00 0 Da n esfromNorth  Sch le swig(out o f a t ot al population o f so me 150,00 0)op ted  f or De n mark a ndwer e expel led acr o ssth e f ro ntier, pending the  p l e bi scite wh ich wa s  t or estore t he ircoun t r y tothem .  T he plebi sciten ev er  came.It s incl us ion  in  thet reat y hadbeen nomoret han a diplomat i c device to s a ve t he face  of  the empero r Na p oleo n II I ;Pru s sia h ad fr om th e  first no intention  o f surr ender ing an inch o f the terr i t o ry thathadb ee n  conquered; th e out come of th e  Franco- Germa n War ma de it unn e c essary t o p ret end  th a t  t he plebiscite m ight  o ccur; a ndby theTre aty  of  Vi en na of Oct ober 11,  1 87 8,  t heclaus e  relatin gtoth e p lebis c ite wa s for mall yab r oga ted wit h  t h e  ass en tof A ust ri a.

M eanw h ile , the D anish opt ant s , di sa pp ointedof their hope s,  had begun  t o s treamb a ck overthe frontier into Schle s wig. By  do ing s o th ey lost,und er the  Da n ish la w, the ir ri gh tsa s  Dani s h  c iti ze ns, withou t acq uirin gthos e of Pr ussian subjects; a n d t his disabilit y w as t r a ns mit t ed toth e irc h ildren. By Arti cle XIX of  t h eTreaty of1 864 ,indeed,  they s hould have be en secure d the rig ht s of i ndi genacy, wh ich, whi le fallin g  shor t  o f com ple te cit iz ens hip,implie d , a ccord ing to  D anishlaw,al l the es sential guarantees forcivilliber ty.  But in t hen Pru ssian law  the  right ofInd ige nat i s n o t cle arly di ffe r entia tedf rom the s t at uso f  a  subject; a n d the  supr eme courtat K iel decided in se v eral cases tha t th o s e w hoh ad o pt ed for Danishcit iz e n ship had  f orfeited th eir righ ts under  the I ndigen at para g r ap h  of th e Tr eat y of Vien na. 
T hus, in  t he fronti er d is tricts , a la r ge a n d  increasing clas s ofp e opled wel t inasort of poli tical limb o, having l ost th eirDanis h citiz en ship t hro ug h ceasingt o be domi ciled  in Den ma rk,and  unabl e to a cquir e Pr us sia n citizen s h ip be ca u sethey  hadfa iled  to apply for it w ith i n the s ix  ye a r s stip u la t e d
que de_l'échange des_ratifications du présent Traité".
("The_right of_an_indigenous person,_as_well in the_kingdom of Denmark_as in the Duchies,_is preserved for_all_individuals who have it at the time of the exchange of the ratifications of_this_Treaty.")

By Article_V_of_the Peace of Prague, Schleswig_was ceded by Austria to_Prussia with_the reservation that the populations of the North_of_Schleswig shall be_again united with Denmark in the event of their_expressing a desire so to be_by a vote_freely_exercised._Taking advantage of the_terms of these treaties, about 50,000_Danes from North Schleswig (out of_a total population of some 150,000) opted_for Denmark and were expelled across_the frontier, pending the plebiscite_which was_to restore their country to_them. The plebiscite_never came._Its inclusion in_the treaty had been no more_than a diplomatic_device to save the face of_the_emperor Napoleon III;_Prussia_had_from the_first no intention_of_surrendering an_inch_of the territory that had been_conquered;_the outcome of the Franco-German War made_it unnecessary to pretend_that_the plebiscite might occur;_and by the Treaty of_Vienna of October 11, 1878, the_clause relating_to the_plebiscite was formally abrogated with the assent of Austria.

Meanwhile, the Danish_optants, disappointed of their hopes, had_begun to stream back_over the_frontier_into Schleswig. By_doing_so they_lost, under the Danish law, their rights_as Danish_citizens, without acquiring those of Prussian_subjects; and this disability_was_transmitted to their children. By Article_XIX of the Treaty of 1864,_indeed, they should have been_secured_the_rights of indigenacy, which, while_falling short of complete citizenship, implied,_according to Danish_law, all the essential guarantees for civil_liberty._But in then Prussian law the_right_of Indigenat is not clearly differentiated_from_the_status of a subject; and_the supreme court at Kiel decided_in several cases that those who had opted for_Danish citizenship had_forfeited their rights under the_Indigenat_paragraph_of the Treaty of Vienna.

Thus, in the frontier districts, a_large and_increasing class of_people dwelt in a sort of political limbo, having lost_their Danish citizenship through ceasing to be_domiciled in Denmark, and unable to acquire Prussian citizenship because they_had failed to apply for it within the_six years stipulated