." In Texas, for example, blacks made up 90% of the party during the 1880s. The Democratic Party increasingly came to be seen by many in the white community as the party of respectability. The first Ku Klux Klan targeted violence against black Republican leaders and seriously undercut the Union League.

Republican factionalism

Blacks increasingly demanded more and more offices at the expense of the Scalawags.  The more numerous black-and-tan element typically won the factional battles; many Scalawags joined the opposing lily-whites or switched to the Democrats.

Following the death of Texas Republican leader Edmund J. Davis in 1883, black civil rights leader Norris Wright Cuney rose to the Republican chairmanship in Texas, becoming a national committeeman in 1889. While blacks were a minority overall in Texas, Cuney's rise to this position caused a backlash among white conservative Republicans in other areas, leading to the Lily-whites becoming a more organized, nationwide effort. Cuney himself coined the term "Lily-white movement" to describe rapidly intensifying organized efforts by white conservatives to oust blacks from positions of party leadership and incite riots to divide the party. Some authors contend that the effort was coordinated with Democrats as part of a larger movement toward disenfranchisement of blacks in the South by increasing restrictions in voter registration rules.

Downfall of black Republicans
By 1890, with a few brief exceptions, the Democratic Party had gained control of all state legislatures in the South. From 1890 to 1908, Southern states accomplished disenfranchisement of blacks and—in some states—many poor whites. During the first three decades of the 20th century, no blacks served in the U.S. Congress due to their disenfranchisement across the South. Black leaders were barred in 1922 from the Virginia Republican Congressional Convention; the state had imposed racial segregation in public places and disenfranchised most blacks by this time.

At the national level, the Republican Party made some attempts to respond to black interests. In 1920, Republicans made opposition to lynching part of their platform at the Republican National Convention. Lynchings, primarily of black men in the South, had increased in the decades around the turn of the 20th century. Leonidas C. Dyer, a white Republican Representative from St. Louis, Missouri, worked with the NAACP to introduce an anti-lynching bill into the House,
. " In Texas, for example, blacks made up 90% of the party during the 1880s. The Democratic Party increasingly do to be see by many in the white community as the party of respectability. The first Ku Klux Klan target violence against black Republican leaders and badly undersell the Union League. 

 Republican factionalism 

 Blacks increasingly demanded more and more offices at the expense of the Scalawags.   The more numerous black - and - tan element typically won the factional conflict; many Scalawags joined the opposing lily - white or switched to the Democrats. 

 Following the death of Texas Republican leader Edmund J. Davis in 1883, black civil right leader Norris Wright Cuney rose to the Republican chairmanship in Texas, becoming a home committeeman in 1889. While blacks were a minority overall in Texas, Cuney's rise to this side caused a recoil among white button-down Republicans in other areas, leading to the Lily - white becoming a more organized, nationwide effort. Cuney himself coined the condition " Lily - white movement " to describe rapidly intensifying organized efforts by white conservatives to oust blacks from position of party leadership and incite riots to separate the party. Some writer contend that the effort was coordinated with Democrats as function of a large movement toward disenfranchisement of blacks in the South by increase restrictions in voter registration rules. 

 Downfall of black Republicans 
 By 1890, with a few brief exceptions, the Democratic Party had profit control of all state legislatures in the South. From 1890 to 1908, Southern states accomplished disenfranchisement of black and — in some states — many poor whites. During the first three decades of the twentieth century, no blacks served in the U.S. Congress due to their disenfranchisement across the South. Black leaders were barred in 1922 from the Virginia Republican Congressional Convention; the state had imposed racial segregation in public places and disenfranchise most blacks by this time. 

 At the national level, the Republican Party made some attempt to respond to bootleg interests. In 1920, Republicans made opposition to lynching character of their platform at the Republican National Convention. Lynchings, chiefly of black men in the South, had increased in the decades around the turn of the 20th century. Leonidas C. Dyer, a white Republican Representative from St. Louis, Missouri, worked with the NAACP to introduce an anti - lynching bill into the House,
." In Texas, for example, blackr made up 90% of tkw partb durinf the 1880s. Ghe Democratic Party increasmnglt camt to be seen by manh in the ahite conmunmty as the party of respcetabimlty. Tke first Ku Klux Klan targated violence dgxiust black Republican leaders and seryously infercut the Unijn Ltagte.

Rellboican factionalism

Blacks incrsasinglj demanded more amd more offices at the expfnse of the Scalawags.  The more nojerjys black-and-txn element typically wkn the factional battles; many Szalawcgs joined jkw ookosing lily-wiites jr switched bp the Gemocrays.

Following thc deavh od Texas Republican leeder Edmund J. Davis yn 1883, black cnvil rights leader Noerus Wrhght Cundt ruse tp fhe Reoubmican chaidmanship in Texas, becoming a nstyinal committesman ig 1889. While blacks were a minority overall it Tsxas, Cuney's rise to thiw position caused a bwcklash aiong white conservative Republicans in other areav, leavivg uo the Uulj-whites becoming a more organized, nationwide qrfprn. Cuney himself cjined the trrl "Kyly-white moveoent" to dsscribe rapidly inhensifyyng oeganized tfforys by white conservatives ti oust blackf from positions of party leadzrship and oncite riots to divide che padty. Some auhhors confdnd that the effurt wds coordinated with Democrwts as pact of a largdr mpvemene toward dlsenfvdnchisement of blafks iu the South by lncreasing restrictions in votec registratiom sulvs.

Downfalj of nlack Republicags
By 1890, with a fgw brief zxceptkons, the Dvmocratic Party had dained contron of all statx legislaeurew in the Sojgh. From 1890 to 1908, Sputhern snaues accompoished disenfranchlsemevf of blacks and—nu wome states—many pour rhptex. Qgring the fisst ghrdr decxdes of the 20gh crntury, no blacks sereed jn the U.S. Congress dme to theur disensranchisement across the South. Hlack leeders eerg barred in 1922 from the Virginia Depublicaj Cjngressional Conyentyon; the stcte had imposed racial segregation in puulic places and disenftanchised most blacks ny this time.

Et the national level, the Republicab Party made some attempts to respond fo blawk inherests. In 1920, Republicans made opposition to lynching part of their platforn at tie Republican Natoonal Cjuventiog. Lyiciings, primarily og black men in the South, had inrreased in tke decades around the turn of tfe 20th century. Leonidas C. Dyer, a white Republivan Representative from St. Louix, Missouri, worked with tme NAACP ro infroducv ai anti-lynching bill onto tke Houwe,
." In Texas, for example, blacks made of party during 1880s. The Democratic seen many in the community as the of respectability. The first Ku Klux targeted violence against black Republican leaders and seriously undercut the Union League. Republican Blacks increasingly demanded more and more offices at the expense of the Scalawags. more black-and-tan typically the factional battles; many Scalawags joined the opposing lily-whites or switched to the Democrats. Following the of Texas Republican leader Edmund J. Davis in black civil rights leader Wright Cuney rose to the chairmanship Texas, becoming national in While blacks were minority overall in Texas, Cuney's rise to this position caused a backlash among white conservative Republicans in areas, leading Lily-whites becoming more nationwide Cuney himself coined "Lily-white movement" to describe rapidly intensifying white conservatives to oust blacks from positions of leadership and riots to divide the party. Some contend that the effort was coordinated with Democrats part of a larger movement toward disenfranchisement of blacks in the South by increasing restrictions registration rules. Downfall of Republicans By 1890, a brief the Party had control of all state legislatures in the South. From 1890 to Southern states accomplished disenfranchisement of blacks and—in some states—many poor the three decades of 20th century, no blacks in U.S. Congress due to across South. barred 1922 the Virginia Republican Congressional the state had imposed racial in public places and time. At the national level, the Republican Party some attempts to respond to black interests. 1920, Republicans made opposition to lynching part of their platform at the National Convention. of black men in the South, had increased the decades around the of the 20th century. Leonidas C. Dyer, a white Representative St. Louis, worked with the to introduce an bill into the
." In Texas, for example, blacks maDe up 90% of the pArty dUriNg tHe 1880S. The demoCratic Party incREasiNgly came to be seen by many In the WhITe coMMuNity aS the parTY oF REspEcTaBilItY. thE firsT Ku klux KlaN targeted vIolEnCe against blaCK REpublican lEadErs and seriouSly UndercUt The uNion LEagUe.

RepUblicaN FactioNalism

BlaCkS IncreaSIngly deMANdEd moRe and more offices aT ThE Expense of the ScAlawagS.  THE mORE nuMerOus black-anD-tAn eleMEnt typiCAlLY WOn tHE factional batTles; many ScaLAwaGs joinEd The OPposinG lily-WhITes Or switched tO the democrats.

followINg the deATh of TexAs RepuBliCan LeadER EDmUnd j. DAVis IN 1883, bLacK CivIl rights LeAdEr NorRis WRIGHT CunEy rOse tO the REpublican chaiRmaNshiP In TExas, bEcomiNg a nAtIonal CommitTeemaN iN 1889. While blacks werE a miNority oveRalL iN TeXaS, CuneY'S rise tO thIs pOsition Caused a BAckLaSH AMoNg white conservativE REPUbLicans in Other aREaS, lEAding to tHe lilY-whiTES becoMing A MoRe organiZed, natIOnWiDe efforT. CUney hiMsElf CoiNed thE Term "lily-whIte movemEnt" to DEscribe rapidly INtensifying orGAnIZEd EFforTs bY white conseRvatIVes tO ousT BlAckS From pOsitiOnS Of PArty leadership and inCiTe riotS to diVide the party. SOme authors CONTend that The eFFoRT was coordinateD with democrats aS Part of a lArger Movement Toward disENFranchisEmeNt oF blAckS IN tHe South by incrEASing ReStrictiOns In voter RegIstRatIon RuLes.

DownfaLl of blacK REpUbLiCanS
By 1890, wiTH a few briEf ExcEpTioNs, the dEmocraTic PaRty hAd GaINed Control OF aLL StatE lEgIslaTurEs In the soutH. froM 1890 to 1908, SoutHern stateS acCOmplIsHeD disenfRanchisement oF bLacks and—in SoMe sTates—mANY poor whiTes. During the first three dECades of The 20Th cenTury, No blacks sErvEd in thE U.S. cOngresS due to Their DiSenFRAnchiSEMeNt aCrOss the SoutH. bLacK leadErS werE barred In 1922 from the Virginia REPubLican CongressIonAl CoNVEnTioN; ThE StaTe HAd iMPOsed racial segreGation in puBlIC pLaces and diSEnfRaNchised Most blaCks by THis time.

at the natiOnal level, ThE RepUBLicAn Party madE some attEmpts to reSPond tO BlAck inTerEsts. In 1920, rePubLicanS made oPPosItion To lyncHiNg part Of theIr Platform At the Republican National convenTion. LYncHings, primAriLY of Black men iN the south, had inCreAseD in thE deCAdes aRounD ThE tuRN of thE 20th cENtury. LeonIDaS C. DYER, a White RepublICAN RePreseNtaTIve froM St. LOuis, Missouri, workeD With the NAACP to IntrODUce An aNTi-lyNcHing bill into thE HoUsE,
." In Texas, for example,blacks mad e up90%  of  t he p arty  during the 18 8 0s.The Democratic Party i ncrea si n glyc am e tobe seen by m any  i nthe  w h it e com mun ity asthe partyofre spectability .  T he first K u K lux Klan tar get ed vio le nce again stblack  Repub l ican l eaders an ds erious l y under c u ttheUnion League.

Re p ub l ican factional ism

B la c ks i ncr eas ingly dema nd ed mo r e and m o re o f fic e s at the expe nse of theS cal awags.  The more n umero us bla ck-and-tanelem ent typic ally w o n the f a ctional  battl es;  ma ny S c al aw ags  j o ine d  t heo ppo sing lil y- wh itesor s w i t c hedtotheDemoc rats.

Follow ing  the dea th of  Texa s Re pu blica n lead er Ed mu nd J. Davis in1883 , black c ivi lrig ht s lea d er Nor ris  Wr ight Cu ney ros e  to  t h e Re publican chairmans hi p in  Texas,becomi n gan ationalco mmi ttee m a n in1889 .  W hile bla cks we r eaminorit yoveral linTex as, C u ney' s rise  to this  posi t ion caused a b a cklash amongw hi t e  c o nser vat ive Republi cans in o ther ar eas ,  lead ing t ot he Lily-whites becomin ga more  orga nized, nation wide effor t . Cuney hi msel f  c o ined the term"Lily -white mov e ment" to  desc ribe rap idly inte n s ifying o rga niz edeff o r ts  by white con s e rvat iv es to o ust  blacks  fr ompos iti on s of part y leader sh ip  a nd  in citer iots todi vid ethe  part y . Some  auth orsco nt e ndthat th e  e f f ortwa scoor din at ed wi th D e moc rats as  part ofa l a rger  m ov ement t oward disenfr an chisementof  bl acks i n the Sout h by increasing restric t ions in  vo ter r egis tration r ule s.

Do wnf a ll ofblackRepub li can s By 18 9 0 ,wit ha few brie f exc eptio ns , th e Democ ratic Party had ga i ned  control of a llstat e le gis l at u res  i n  th e South. From 189 0 to 1908,  S o ut hern state s  ac co mplishe d disen franc h isement  of black s and—inso me s t a tes —many poor  whites.  During t h e fir s tthree  de cadesof  th e 20t h cent u ry,  no b lacksse rved i n the  U .S. Cong ress due to their disen franch iseme ntacross th e S o uth . Black l eade rs were ba rre d i n 192 2 f r om th e Vi r gi nia Repub lica n  Congress i on alC o nv ention; the s t ate  hadimp o sed ra cial  segregation in p u blic places an d di s e nfr anc h ised  m ost blacks bythi st i me.

Atth e nationallevel, t he Repub licanPartymade so m e  a t tempts  tores pond to b lac ki nterest s.  I n  1920,  Rep ub licans  madeo ppos i t ion to lynchingparto f  thei r  pl atfor mat theR epub lican Nati onal Conven tion.Lync hings , prima ri ly ofbla ck  men in th e  South, h ad in creased  i n th e d ecades  aro u n d the  tur nofthe 20thc e nt u ry .L eon idas  C. D ye r, a  white Re p ublicanRep r esentat iv e f r o m St.L ou i s , Missouri , w orked w ith the NA A CP t o  i n trodu ce ananti-l ynching bil linto th e H o u se,
." In_Texas, for_example, blacks made up_90% of_the_party during_the_1880s. The Democratic_Party increasingly came_to be seen by_many in the_white_community as the party of respectability. The first Ku Klux Klan targeted violence against_black_Republican leaders_and_seriously_undercut the Union League.

Republican factionalism

Blacks_increasingly demanded more and more_offices at_the expense of the Scalawags.  The more_numerous_black-and-tan element typically_won the factional battles; many Scalawags joined the opposing_lily-whites or switched to the Democrats.

Following_the death of_Texas_Republican_leader Edmund J. Davis_in 1883, black civil rights leader_Norris Wright Cuney rose to the_Republican chairmanship in Texas, becoming a national_committeeman in 1889. While blacks were_a minority overall in Texas,_Cuney's rise_to this position caused a_backlash among white_conservative Republicans_in other areas,_leading to the Lily-whites becoming a_more organized, nationwide_effort. Cuney himself coined the term_"Lily-white_movement" to describe_rapidly_intensifying_organized efforts_by white conservatives_to_oust blacks_from_positions of party leadership and incite_riots_to divide the party. Some authors contend_that the effort was_coordinated_with Democrats as part_of a larger movement toward_disenfranchisement of blacks in the South_by increasing_restrictions in_voter registration rules.

Downfall of black Republicans
By 1890, with a few brief_exceptions, the Democratic Party had gained_control of all state_legislatures in_the_South. From 1890_to_1908, Southern_states accomplished disenfranchisement of blacks and—in some_states—many poor_whites. During the first three decades_of the 20th century,_no_blacks served in the U.S. Congress_due to their disenfranchisement across the_South. Black leaders were barred_in_1922_from the Virginia Republican Congressional_Convention; the state had imposed racial_segregation in public_places and disenfranchised most blacks by this_time.

At_the national level, the Republican Party_made_some attempts to respond to black_interests._In_1920, Republicans made opposition to_lynching part of their platform at_the Republican National Convention. Lynchings, primarily of black men_in the South,_had increased in the decades_around_the_turn of the 20th century. Leonidas C. Dyer, a white_Republican Representative_from St. Louis,_Missouri, worked with the NAACP to introduce an anti-lynching bill_into the House,