 monitors", personal protection monitors (PPM) or RF exposimeters. They form part of the personal protective equipment worn by a person working in areas exposed to radio spectrum radiation. A personal RF safety monitor is typically worn either on the torso region of the body or handheld and is required by the occupational safety and health acts of many telecommunication companies.

Most of the scientifically proven RF safety monitors are designed to measure the RF exposure as a percentage of the two most common international RF safety guidelines: International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines and the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The ICNIRP guidelines are also endorsed by the WHO. RF personal safety monitors were originally designed for RF Engineers working in environments where they could be exposed to high levels of RF energy or be working close to a RF source, for example working at the top of a telecommunication tower, or working on the rooftop of a building where transmitting antennas are present.  Most international RF safety programs include the training and use of RF personal safety monitors and the IEEE C95.7 specifies what is a RF Personal Monitor.

In some cases the RF safety monitor comes in a version or mode for the general public. These meters can then be used to determine areas where the public might be exposed to high levels of RF energy or used to indicate the RF level in areas where the general public has access.

Specification
The specifications of a RF monitor determines the work environment where could be applicable. Wideband RF monitors can be used at a broader variety of base station sites than for example a narrowband, cellular RF monitor which is designed only to be used in the mobile telephone- and data networks. IEEE Std C95.3 states that "In the region between 1-100 GHz, resistive thermoelectric dipoles are used as sensors with a background of lossy material to reduce the effect of scattering from the body. Electrically short dipoles with diode detectors as sensors may cover a portion of this range". The results of monitors which do not incorporate "lossy material" to reduce the effects of scattering, are questionable on the body. 

The type of response is a basic feature of any RF personal monitor and can be expressed in two basic parameters:

 Directivity: Some of them have an isotropic response, which means that they are able to measure RF fields from any space direction. Others, like radial field monitors, have a partial space coverage, and have to be worn
monitors ", personal protection monitors (PPM) or RF exposimeters. They form character of the personal protective equipment tire by a person working in area unwrap to radio spectrum radiation. A personal RF guard monitor is typically worn either on the torso area of the soundbox or handheld and is required by the occupational condom and health acts of many telecommunication companies. 

 Most of the scientifically raise RF safety monitors are designed to measure the RF exposure as a share of the two most common international RF base hit guidelines: International Commission on Non - Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines and the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The ICNIRP guideline are also back by the WHO. RF personal safety monitors were originally designed for RF Engineers work in environments where they could be exposed to high levels of RF energy or be exploit close to a RF source, for example working at the top of a telecommunication tower, or working on the rooftop of a building where transmitting antennas are present.   Most external RF guard programs admit the education and use of RF personal safety monitors and the IEEE C95.7 specifies what is a RF Personal Monitor. 

 In some subject the RF safety monitor comes in a version or mood for the general public. These meters can then be used to determine areas where the populace might be exposed to high levels of RF energy or used to indicate the RF floor in areas where the general public has access. 

 stipulation 
 The specifications of a RF monitor determines the work environment where could be applicable. Wideband RF monitors can be used at a broader variety of base post sites than for exemplar a narrowband, cellular RF monitor which is plan only to be use in the mobile telephone- and datum networks. IEEE Std C95.3 states that " In the area between 1 - 100 GHz, resistive thermoelectric dipoles are used as sensors with a backdrop of lossy material to reduce the effect of scattering from the body. Electrically short dipoles with diode detectors as sensors may embrace a portion of this range ". The resultant role of monitors which do not incorporate " lossy fabric " to reduce the effects of scattering, are questionable on the body. 

 The type of response is a basic feature of any RF personal monitor and can be expressed in two basic parameters: 

  Directivity: Some of them have an isotropic reaction, which mean that they are able to quantify RF discipline from any quad direction. Others, like radial field proctor, have a partial space coverage, and suffer to be break
 mojitors", personal protectiun monitors (PPM) or RF xxposimsters. Thdy form part of the personal peotecupve equipment worn by a person working in ereas exposed to radio sizctruj radnavion. A personal RF safety monitor is ty[izaply worn either on the torso region of the bldy or handhelq anc is dvqmired by the occupational safety and heelth acts of mamy telecommunication compajies.

Lost of the scientlfically priven EF safety movitors are designed to measure the RF exposure as a pdrcencage of the tqo lmst common mnternwtional RF safety guhdelinex: Internationak Cmmmussion on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protectyon (ICNIR[) yuidelines and the U.S. Fwderan Cokmunkxatkona Romjissioj (FRC). The ICNIDP guidelinws are also endorsec fj the WHO. RF lersonwl safety monitors were originally designtd fod RF Engineers working un environments where they coujd be exposed to high levels of RF energy or be wmrkinj zlowe gi w RF source, for example working at the top of z uelvcommunication tocer, or working om hhr rooftop of a buildnhg where transmittinh antengas aee presenu.  Moxt international RF safety programs incjyde the training aud use of RF perxonal safety monitors and thz IEEE C95.7 specified what is x RF Personal Movitpr.

Hn some cases the RF safetr monitor comzs in a xersoon or mode for hhe gcteral public. These metets can then be uded to determine areas where thx public mighj ba eqposed to high levels of RF energy or useb to indncate ghe RF levvl in arees where the general publhf has access.

Vpecificwtiob
The specifkzations of a RG monitor determinew the work environkenj shere could be ckplucable. Wideband RF moginorx sdn be used ad a croxcer vxriety of bcsd ststion sites than for exajple a narrowband, vejlular RD monitow which is dexigned only to be ksed mn the mobike jelephone- and data networks. IEES Std C95.3 shatcs that "In thq renion between 1-100 YHz, resistive thermoelectric dipoles are used as sensors wuth a background of kossy matermal to reduce tve effect of scatterung from the body. Electrically short djpoles with diode detectors as sensors may cover a portion of this range". The results of moiieors which so npt inbor'orcte "losfy metxrial" to reduce tne effects of scattering, are quxstionable ou the body. 

The type of responxe is a basic fgature of any RF personal jonitor snd can be expressed in two basoc parameters:

 Directivitn: Some of them have an irotropic response, ehich keans that tyey wre able to mdasirc RF fieldd frpm any space direction. Others, like radiao vield monitors, heve a partiap spacg coverade, and have to bs wodj
monitors", personal protection monitors (PPM) or RF form of the protective equipment worn areas to radio spectrum A personal RF monitor is typically worn either on torso region of the body or handheld and is required by the occupational and health acts of many telecommunication companies. Most of the scientifically proven RF monitors designed measure RF exposure as a percentage of the two most common international RF safety guidelines: International Commission Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines and the U.S. Communications Commission (FCC). The guidelines are also endorsed by WHO. personal safety were designed RF Engineers working environments where they could be exposed to high levels of RF energy or be working close to RF source, working at top a tower, or working rooftop of a building where transmitting Most international RF safety programs include the training use of personal safety monitors and the IEEE specifies what is a RF Personal Monitor. In cases the RF safety monitor comes in a version or mode for the general public. can then be used determine areas where public be to levels of energy or used to indicate the RF level in areas where general public has access. Specification The specifications of a RF the environment where could applicable. Wideband RF monitors be at a broader variety station than narrowband, RF which is designed only be used in the mobile and data networks. IEEE the region between 1-100 GHz, resistive thermoelectric dipoles used as sensors with a background of material to reduce the effect of scattering from the body. Electrically short with diode sensors may cover a portion of this range". results of monitors which not incorporate "lossy material" to reduce the effects of are on the The type of is a basic of any RF and can expressed two Some of them have an isotropic which that they are able to RF any space direction. Others, like radial field monitors, have a partial space coverage, and have worn
 monitors", personal protectioN monitors (PpM) or Rf exPosImEterS. TheY form part of the PErsoNal protective equipment Worn bY a PErsoN WoRking In areas EXpOSEd tO rAdIo sPeCTrUm radIatIon. A perSonal RF safEty MoNitor is typicALlY worn eitheR on The torso regiOn oF the boDy Or hANdhelD anD is reQuired BY the ocCupationaL sAFety anD Health aCTS oF manY telecommunicatioN CoMPanies.

Most of thE scienTiFIcALLy pRovEn RF safety MoNitorS Are desiGNeD TO MeaSUre the RF exposUre as a perceNTagE of the TwO moST commoN inteRnATioNal RF safety GuidElines: IntErnatiONal CommISsion on non-IonIziNg RAdiaTIoN PRotEcTIon (icNiRP) GUidElines anD tHe u.S. FedEral cOMMUnicAtiOns COmmisSion (FCC). The ICNiRP GuidELinEs are Also eNdorSeD by thE WHO. RF PersoNaL safety monitors Were OriginallY deSiGneD fOr RF ENGineerS woRkiNg in envIronmenTS whErE THEy Could be exposed to hiGh LEVeLs of RF enErgy or BE wOrKIng close To A RF SourCE, For exAmplE WoRking at tHe top oF A tElEcommunIcAtion tOwEr, oR woRking ON the RooftoP of a builDing wHEre transmittinG Antennas are prESeNT.  moST intErnAtional RF saFety PRogrAms iNClUde THe traIning AnD UsE Of RF personal safety mOnItors aNd the iEEE C95.7 specifieS what is a RF pERSonal MonItor.

iN sOMe cases the RF saFety mOnitor comeS In a versiOn or mOde for thE general pUBLic. These MetErs Can TheN BE uSed to determinE AReas WhEre the pUblIc might Be eXpoSed To hIgH levels of rF energy Or UsEd To IndIcate THe RF leveL iN arEaS whEre thE GeneraL publIc haS aCcESs.

SPecificATiON
the sPeCiFicaTioNs Of a RF MoniTOr dEterminEs the work EnvIRonmEnT wHere couLd be applicablE. WIdeband RF mOnItoRs can bE USed at a brOader variety of base statiON sites tHan For exAmplE a narrowbAnd, CellulAr Rf MonitoR which Is desIgNed ONLy to bE USeD in ThE mobile telEPHonE- and dAtA netWorks. IEeE Std C95.3 states that "In THe rEgion between 1-100 Ghz, rEsisTIVe TheRMoELecTrIC diPOLes are used as senSors with a bAcKGrOund of lossY MatErIal to reDuce the EffecT Of scattEring from The body. ElEcTricALLy sHort dipoleS with dioDe detectoRS as seNSoRs may CovEr a porTiOn oF this Range". THE reSults Of moniToRs whicH do noT iNcorporaTe "lossy material" to reduce The effEcts oF scAttering, aRe qUEstIonable on The bOdy. 

The type Of rEspOnse iS a bASic feAturE Of Any rf persOnal MOnitor and CAn Be eXPReSsed in two baSIC ParAmeteRs:

 DIRectivIty: SOme of them have an isOTropic response, WhicH MEanS thAT theY aRe able to measurE RF FiELDs from anY sPace directiOn. Others, LiKE radiAl fielD monitOrs, have A PArTIal spaCe coVerAge, and havE to Be WOrn
 monitors", personal prote ction moni tors(PP M)or  RFexpo simeters. They form  part of the personalprote ct i ve e q ui pment  worn b y  a p ers on  w ork in g  i n are asexposed  to radiospe ct rum radiatio n .A personal  RF  safety moni tor  is ty pi cal l y wor n e ither  on th e  torso  region o ft he bod y  or han d h el d an d is required byt he occupational s afetyan d  h e a lth  ac ts of many  t eleco m municat i on c o mpa n ies.

Most of  the scient i fic ally p ro ven RF saf ety m on i tor s are desig nedto measur e theR F expos u re as a  perce nta geof t h etw o m os t  co m mo n i n ter national  R Fsafet y gu i d e l ines : I nter natio nal Commissio n o n No n -Io nizin g Rad iati on  Prot ection  (ICN IR P) guidelines a nd t he U.S. F ede ra l C om munic a tionsCom mis sion (F CC). Th e  IC NI R P gu idelines are alsoen d o rs ed by th e WHO. RF  p e rsonal s af ety  mon i t ors w ereo ri ginallydesign e dfo r RF En gi neerswo rki ngin en v iron mentswhere th ey co u ld be exposedt o high levels of R Fe nerg y o r be workin g cl o se t o aR Fsou r ce, f or ex am p le working at the topof  a tel ecomm unication tow er, or wor k i n g on the  roo f to p  of a building  wher e transmit t ing ante nnasare pres ent.  Mos t internat ion alRFsaf e t yprograms incl u d e th etrainin g a nd useofRFper son al  safety m onitorsan dth eIEE E C95 . 7 specif ie s w ha t i s a R F  Perso nal M onit or .Insome ca s es t he R Fsa fety  mo ni tor c omes ina versi on or mod e f o r th ege neral p ublic. Theseme ters can t he n b e used t o determ ine areas where the pub l ic migh t b e exp osed  to highlev els of  RF energy  or us ed to  i ndi c a te th e RF  le ve l in areas w her e the  g ener al publ ic has access.

Sp e cif ication
The s pec ific a t io nso fa  RF  m o nit o r  determines the  work envi ro n me nt where c o uld  b e appli cable.Wideb a nd RF m onitors c an be use dat a b roa der variet y of bas e station sites th an fo r e xample  a  na rrowb and, c e llu lar R F moni to r whic h isde signed o nly to be used in the m obiletelep hon e- and da tan etw orks. IEE E St d C95.3 st ate s t hat " Int he re gion be twe e n 1-1 00 G H z, resist i ve  th e r mo electric di p o l esare u sed as sen sors  with a backgroun d  of lossy mate rial t o r edu c e th eeffect of scat ter in g from the  b ody. Electr ically s ho r t dip oles w ith di ode det e c to r s as s enso rsmay cover  apo r tion of  t hi s  range ". T he  resul ts ofm onit o r s which do not i ncorp o r ate " l oss y mat er ial" to redu ce the eff ects of sca tterin g, a re qu estiona bl e on t hebo dy. 

Thet ype of re spons e is aba sicfea ture o f an y RF pe rson al  mo nitor and c an be  e x pre ssed  in t wo  bas ic parame t ers:

 D ire c tivity:  S ome o f them ha v e  an isotro pic  resp o n se, whichm eans th a t the y areable t o measu r e R Ffieldsfro m any space  directio n . O th ers,  like ra di al f ie ldmo nitors, have apartialspace co v e rage,and have to bewo rn
 monitors",_personal protection_monitors (PPM) or RF_exposimeters. They_form_part of_the_personal protective equipment_worn by a_person working in areas_exposed to radio_spectrum_radiation. A personal RF safety monitor is typically worn either on the torso region_of_the body_or_handheld_and is required by the_occupational safety and health acts_of many_telecommunication companies.

Most of the scientifically proven RF safety_monitors_are designed to_measure the RF exposure as a percentage of the_two most common international RF safety_guidelines: International Commission_on_Non-Ionizing_Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines_and the U.S. Federal Communications Commission_(FCC). The ICNIRP guidelines are also_endorsed by the WHO. RF personal safety_monitors were originally designed for RF_Engineers working in environments where_they could_be exposed to high levels_of RF energy_or be_working close to_a RF source, for example working_at the top_of a telecommunication tower, or working_on_the rooftop of_a_building_where transmitting_antennas are present.__Most international_RF_safety programs include the training and_use_of RF personal safety monitors and the_IEEE C95.7 specifies what_is_a RF Personal Monitor.

In_some cases the RF safety_monitor comes in a version or_mode for_the general_public. These meters can then be used to determine areas where_the public might be exposed to_high levels of RF_energy or_used_to indicate the_RF_level in_areas where the general public has access.

Specification
The_specifications of_a RF monitor determines the work_environment where could be_applicable._Wideband RF monitors can be used_at a broader variety of base_station sites than for example_a_narrowband,_cellular RF monitor which is_designed only to be used in_the mobile telephone-_and data networks. IEEE Std C95.3 states_that_"In the region between 1-100 GHz,_resistive_thermoelectric dipoles are used as sensors_with_a_background of lossy material to_reduce the effect of scattering from_the body. Electrically short dipoles with diode detectors as_sensors may cover_a portion of this range"._The_results_of monitors which do not incorporate "lossy material" to reduce_the effects_of scattering, are_questionable on the body. 

The type of response is a_basic feature of any RF personal monitor_and can be expressed in two basic parameters:

 Directivity: Some of_them have an isotropic response, which means that_they are able to measure RF fields_from any space direction._Others,_like radial field monitors, have a partial_space_coverage,_and_have to be_worn