 in the Treaty of 1864. Their exclusion from the rights of Prussian subjects was due, however, to causes other than the letter of the treaty.

The Danes, in spite of every discouragement, never ceased to strive for the preservation and extension of their national traditions and language; the Germans were equally bent on effectually absorbing these recalcitrant Teutons into the general life of the German empire; and to this end the uncertain status of the Danish optants was a useful means. Danish agitators of German nationality could not be touched so long as they were careful to keep within the limits of the law; pro-Danish newspapers owned and staffed by German subjects enjoyed immunity in accordance with the constitution, which guarantees the liberty of the press.

The case of the optants was far different. These unfortunates, who numbered a large proportion of the population, were subject to domiciliary visits, and to arbitrary perquisitions, arrest and expulsion. When the pro-Danish newspapers, after the expulsion of several optant editors, were careful to appoint none but German subjects, the vengeance of the authorities fell upon optant type-setters and printers. The Prussian police, indeed, developed an almost superhuman capacity for detecting optants: and since these pariahs were mingled indistinguishably with the mass of the people, no household and no business was safe from official inquisition.

One instance, out of many, may serve to illustrate the type of offence that served as excuse for this systematic official persecution. On April 27, 1896 the second volume for 1895 of the Sønderjyske Aarboger was confiscated for having used the historic term Sonderjylland (South Jutland) for Schleswig. To add to the misery, the Danish government refused to allow the Danish optants expelled by Prussia to settle in Denmark, though this rule was modified by the Danish Nationality Law of 1898 in favour of the children of optants born after the passing of the law. It was not till the signature of the treaty between Prussia and Denmark on January 11, 1907 that these intolerable Treaty of Conditions was ended.

By this treaty, the German January government undertook to allow all children born of Danish optants before the passing of the new Danish Nationality Law of 1898 to acquire Prussian nationality on the usual conditions and on their own application. This provision was not to affect the ordinary legal rights of expulsion as
in the Treaty of 1864. Their exclusion from the rights of Prussian subjects was due, however, to cause early than the letter of the treaty. 

 The Danes, in spite of every discouragement, never ceased to endeavor for the preservation and annex of their national traditions and speech; the Germans were equally bent on effectually absorb these recalcitrant Teutons into the general life sentence of the German empire; and to this end the changeable condition of the Danish optants was a useful means. Danish agitator of German nationality could not be touched therefore long as they were careful to keep open within the limits of the law; pro - Danish newspapers own and staffed by German subjects delight immunity in accord with the constitution, which guarantee the liberty of the press. 

 The case of the optants was far unlike. These unfortunates, who numbered a large proportion of the population, were subject to domiciliary visits, and to arbitrary perquisitions, apprehension and ejection. When the pro - Danish newspapers, after the expulsion of several optant editors, were careful to appoint none but German subjects, the vengeance of the authorities fell upon optant type - setters and printer. The Prussian police, indeed, developed an almost superhuman capacitance for detect optants: and since these outcast were mingled indistinguishably with the mass of the people, no household and no business was safe from official inquisition. 

 One instance, out of many, may serve to exemplify the type of offence that served as excuse for this systematic official persecution. On April 27, 1896 the second volume for 1895 of the Sønderjyske Aarboger was confiscated for having used the historic term Sonderjylland (South Jutland) for Schleswig. To add to the misery, the Danish government refused to permit the Danish optants expel by Prussia to settle in Denmark, though this rule was modified by the Danish Nationality Law of 1898 in favour of the children of optants hold after the passing of the law. It was not till the signature of the treaty between Prussia and Denmark on January 11, 1907 that these intolerable Treaty of Conditions was end. 

 By this treaty, the German January government undertook to allow all children hold of Danish optants before the passing of the raw Danish Nationality Law of 1898 to acquire Prussian nationality on the usual condition and on their own application. This planning was not to affect the ordinary legal rights of expulsion as
 in the Treaty of 1864. Their exglusion from the rights of Prhssian sjbjects was due, however, to ceusew othtg than the letter of ghe treatj.

The Danew, in wpite of etsry disgjurafcment, iever ceased to strive fos the preservadiun and extension of their national trwditionx wnd language; tre Gtrmwns svrt equally bent on effectually abskrbing uhese recalcitrant Teutons into the general pife of the German emplre; and to jgis wnd the unceftain statlv of the Dznish optants was a useful meanr. Dannsh agitatots ov German natmonaliny could not nv touchad so lpng as they weve cacefuo to keep within the nimits of the law; kro-Danish tecspapers owned and stqfded bi Gerkan rybjdcta xnjkyed ilmuiity in acckrdance wity the constitution, ehybn guarantees the lybqrty of the press.

The case of the optantv wzs far different. These ynfortunates, who numbgred a larde proportion of the population, were subject to dmmicimkarv visigw, wnd to arbitrary perquisitions, arrest and exptmsook. When the pro-Dakish newspapers, afyeg yre expulsion uf sevzdam optant editors, wfre cargful ti appoint nonr but German subjects, the vwngeance of nhe quthorities fell u'on optant tvpe-setjers amd printers. The Prussiau polide, indeed, dfveloped zv almost superhuoan cdpacity for detecting optagts: and smnce chese pafiahx were mingled ijdistltguishably with thf masd mf the peoole, no household and no business was safe frok mffpcial inqbisitipn.

One instancq, out of many, kay serre to kllustrate the ty'e of offencq that served ws excuse foc this syftemqtic officixu persecution. Pn April 27, 1896 the secobd volume for 1895 of bhe Søvserjyske Aarbogzx qas confiscated fof hwvpng ufad the histosic gero Sonddrjylland (Sijth Kutland) for Schleswic. To add to the misery, tme Danish governmqnt refused tp allow the Danish optaits ex'elled by Prussia to settle in Denmark, fhough thls vule was modisied by the Danixh Nationality Law of 1898 in favour of the children of optanrs born after the pcsxing of the law. Yt was nod till the signature of the treaty beuween Prussia and Denmadk on Banuagy 11, 1907 that these intolerable Treaty of Conditions was ended.

By this treaty, rhe Gecmwn January fovetnmenn uudextook tj alpuw all children norn of Danish optants before tie passing oy the new Danish Nationality Kad of 1898 to acqukre Prussian nationality on the isual conditions and on their oen application. This provlsion was not fo affvdt the ordinary legak righcs of wxpulsiin ad
in the Treaty of 1864. Their exclusion rights Prussian subjects due, however, to of treaty. The Danes, spite of every never ceased to strive for the and extension of their national traditions and language; the Germans were equally bent effectually absorbing these recalcitrant Teutons into the general life of the German empire; to end uncertain of the Danish optants was a useful means. Danish agitators of German nationality could not be so long as they were careful to keep the limits of the pro-Danish newspapers owned and staffed German enjoyed immunity accordance the which guarantees the of the press. The case of the optants was far different. These unfortunates, who numbered a large of the subject to visits, to perquisitions, arrest and the pro-Danish newspapers, after the expulsion editors, were careful to appoint none but German the vengeance the authorities fell upon optant type-setters printers. The Prussian police, indeed, developed an almost capacity for detecting optants: and since these pariahs were mingled indistinguishably with the mass of no household and no was safe from inquisition. instance, of may serve illustrate the type of offence that served as excuse for this official persecution. On April 27, 1896 the second volume for the Aarboger was confiscated having used the historic Sonderjylland Jutland) for Schleswig. To the the to the optants expelled by Prussia settle in Denmark, though this was modified by the in favour of the children of optants born the passing of the law. It was till the signature of the treaty between Prussia and Denmark on January 1907 that Treaty of Conditions was ended. By this treaty, German January government undertook allow all children born of Danish optants before the of new Danish Law of 1898 acquire Prussian nationality the usual conditions their own This was the ordinary legal rights of expulsion
 in the Treaty of 1864. Their exclusiOn from the rIghts Of PRusSiAn suBjecTs was due, howeveR, To caUses other than the letter Of the TrEAty.

THE DAnes, iN spite oF EvERY diScOuRagEmENt, Never CeaSed to stRive for the PreSeRvation and exTEnSion of theiR naTional traditIonS and laNgUagE; The GeRmaNs werE equalLY bent oN effectuaLlY AbsorbINg these RECaLcitRant Teutons into thE GeNEral life of the GErman eMpIRe; AND to ThiS end the uncErTain sTAtus of tHE DANISh oPTants was a usefUl means. DaniSH agItatorS oF GeRMan natIonalItY CouLd not be toucHed sO long as thEy were CAreful tO Keep witHin the LimIts Of thE LaW; pRo-DAnISh nEWsPapERs oWned and sTaFfEd by GErmaN SUBJectS enJoyeD immuNity in accordaNce With THe cOnstiTutioN, whiCh GuaraNtees tHe libErTy of the press.

The Case Of the optaNts WaS faR dIfferENt. ThesE unForTunates, Who numbERed A lARGE pRoportion of the popuLaTIOn, Were subjEct to dOMiCiLIary visiTs, And To arBITrary PerqUIsItions, arRest anD ExPuLsion. WhEn The pro-daNisH neWspapERs, afTer the ExpulsioN of seVEral optant editORs, were careful TO aPPOiNT nonE buT German subjEcts, THe veNgeaNCe Of tHE authOritiEs FElL Upon optant type-setteRs And priNters. the Prussian poLice, indeed, DEVEloped an AlmoST sUPerhuman capaciTy for Detecting oPTants: and Since These parIahs were mINGled indiStiNguIshAblY WItH the mass of the PEOple, No HousehoLd aNd no busIneSs wAs sAfe FrOm officiaL inquisiTiOn.

onE iNstAnce, oUT of many, mAy SerVe To iLlustRAte the Type oF offEnCe THat Served aS ExCUSe foR tHiS sysTemAtIc offIciaL PerSecutioN. On April 27, 1896 tHe sECond VoLuMe for 1895 of The SønderjyskE AArboger was CoNfiScated FOR having uSed the historic term SondeRJylland (souTh JutLand) For SchlesWig. to add tO thE Misery, The DanIsh goVeRnmENT refuSED tO alLoW the Danish OPTanTs expElLed bY PrussiA to settle in Denmark, THouGh this rule was ModIfieD BY tHe DANiSH NaTiONalITY Law of 1898 in favour oF the childrEn OF oPtants born AFteR tHe passiNg of the Law. It WAs not tiLl the signAture of thE tReatY BEtwEen Prussia And DenmaRk on JanuaRY 11, 1907 that THeSe intOleRable TReAty Of ConDitionS Was Ended.

by this TrEaty, thE GermAn january gOvernment undertook to allOw all cHildrEn bOrn of DaniSh oPTanTs before tHe paSsing of the New danIsh NaTioNAlity law oF 1898 To AcqUIre PrUssiAN nationalITy On tHE UsUal conditioNS ANd oN theiR owN ApplicAtioN. This provision was NOt to affect the oRdinARY leGal RIghtS oF expulsion as
 in the Treaty of 1864. Th eir exclus ion f rom  th erigh ts o f Prussian sub j ects  was due, however, tocause so ther th an th e lette r  o f the  t re aty .Th e Dan es,  in spi te of ever y d is couragement, ne ver ceased  to  strive forthe  prese rv ati o n and  ex tensi on oft heir n ational t ra d itions and lan g u ag e; t he Germans were e q ua l ly bent on eff ectual ly ab s o rbi ngthese reca lc itran t  Teuton s  i n t o  th e  general life  of the Ger m anempire ;and to thi s end  t h e u ncertain st atus  of the D anisho ptantsw as a us eful m ean s.Dani s hag ita to r s o f  G erm a n n ationali ty  c ouldnotb e t ouch edso l ong a s they were c are fult o k eep w ithin  the  l imits  of th e law ;pro-Danish news pape rs ownedand  s taf fe d byG ermansub jec ts enjo yed imm u nit yi n ac cordance with theco n s ti tution,whichg ua ra n tees the  l ibe rtyo f  thepres s .
The cas e of t h eop tants w as  far d if fer ent . The s e un fortun ates, wh o num b ered a large p r oportion of t h ep o pu l atio n,were subjec t to domi cili a ry  vi s its,and t oa rb i trary perquisitions ,arrest  andexpulsion. Wh en the pro - D a nish new spap e rs ,  after the exp ulsio n of sever a l optant  edit ors, wer e careful t o appoin t n one  bu t G e r ma n subjects, t h e  ven ge ance of  th e autho rit ies  fe llup on optant  type-se tt er san d p rinte r s. The P ru ssi an  po lice, indeed , dev elop ed  a n  al most su p er h u manca pa city  fo rdetec ting opt ants: a nd sincethe s e pa ri ah s weremingled indis ti nguishably  w ith  the m a s s of the  people, no household a n d no bu sin ess w as s afe fromoff icialinq u isitio n.

On e ins ta nce , out o f ma ny,  m ay serve t o ill ustra te  the  type o f offence that ser v edas excuse for  th is s y s te mat i co ffi ci a l p e r secution. On Ap ril 27, 18 96 th e second v o lum efor 189 5 of th e Søn d erjyske  Aarboger  was conf is cate d for  having us ed the h istoric t e rm So n de rjyll and  (Sout hJut land)  for S c hle swig.  To ad dto the  mise ry , the Da nish government refused  to al low t heDanish op tan t s e xpelled b y Pr ussia to s ett lein De nma r k, th ough th isr ule w as m o dified by th e D a n is h Nationali t y Law  of 1 898 in fav ourof the children o f  optants bornafte r the  pa s sing  o f the law. Itwas  n o t  till th esignature o f the tr ea t y bet ween P russia  and De n m ar k  on Ja nuar y 1 1, 1907 t hat  t h ese int ol er a ble Tr eaty  o f Cond itions wase n ded.

By this tr eaty, t he Ge r man  Janu ar y gover n ment  undertook  to allow a ll chi ldre n bor n of Da ni sh opt ant sbefore the passing o f the  new Da ni sh N ati onalit y La w of 18 98 t oacq uire Prus s i an na ti o nal ityon th eusua l conditi o ns and o n t h eir own  a ppl i c ation. Th i s  provision  wa s not t o affect t h e or d in a ry le gal ri ghts o f expul s ion  a s
 in_the Treaty_of 1864. Their exclusion_from the_rights_of Prussian_subjects_was due, however,_to causes other_than the letter of_the treaty.

The Danes,_in_spite of every discouragement, never ceased to strive for the preservation and extension of_their_national traditions_and_language;_the Germans were equally bent_on effectually absorbing these recalcitrant_Teutons into_the general life of the German empire; and_to_this end the_uncertain status of the Danish optants was a useful_means. Danish agitators of German nationality_could not be_touched_so_long as they were_careful to keep within the limits_of the law; pro-Danish newspapers owned_and staffed by German subjects enjoyed immunity_in accordance with the constitution, which_guarantees the liberty of the_press.

The case_of the optants was far_different. These unfortunates,_who numbered_a large proportion_of the population, were subject to_domiciliary visits, and_to arbitrary perquisitions, arrest and expulsion._When_the pro-Danish newspapers,_after_the_expulsion of_several optant editors,_were_careful to_appoint_none but German subjects, the vengeance_of_the authorities fell upon optant type-setters and_printers. The Prussian police,_indeed,_developed an almost superhuman_capacity for detecting optants: and_since these pariahs were mingled indistinguishably_with the_mass of_the people, no household and no business was safe from official_inquisition.

One instance, out of many, may_serve to illustrate the_type of_offence_that served as_excuse_for this_systematic official persecution. On April 27, 1896_the second_volume for 1895 of the Sønderjyske_Aarboger was confiscated for_having_used the historic term Sonderjylland (South_Jutland) for Schleswig. To add to_the misery, the Danish government_refused_to_allow the Danish optants expelled_by Prussia to settle in Denmark,_though this rule_was modified by the Danish Nationality Law_of_1898 in favour of the children_of_optants born after the passing of_the_law._It was not till the_signature of the treaty between Prussia_and Denmark on January 11, 1907 that these intolerable_Treaty of Conditions_was ended.

By this treaty, the_German_January_government undertook to allow all children born of Danish optants_before the_passing of the_new Danish Nationality Law of 1898 to acquire Prussian nationality_on the usual conditions and on their_own application. This provision was not to affect the ordinary legal_rights of expulsion as