 as most knights and foreigners considered the position as for the inferior people. A report was drafted weekly and sent to the palace of the Grand Master, informing about occurrences presented to the Castellania.

The Castellania was the supreme court of justice of the islands, hence called Gran Corte or the variants in legal documents. The Grand Master had the absolute power to preside over the institution. The Papacy quarreled for a superior decision, such as when there was conflict with the court of the Bishop, but citing sovereignty of the princely Grand Master it was never conceded. The Castellania originally had decision over every aspect of life, including public morality and religion, but having the Islands been visited by an official of the Holy See in the 16th century and found lack of enforcement by the knights in religious aspects, the Inquisition was established. With the presence of the Inquisition, the Holy See considered Malta similar to a colony, but through the Castellania the Order kept rigid control and sovereignty over Malta. Though the Inquisition had the power to issue a death penalty in cases related to religion, such as heresy, fornication and sodomy, it generally left it at the discretion of the Castellania. Religious monks, including the Bishop of Malta, were not to be subject of decisions taken by the Castellania but there were instances of having to make exceptions as per offense to the state. In the late eighteenth century, under Grand Master de Rohan, Giovanni Nicolo’ Muscat has trigerred significant controversy over his views on church-state separation in matters which are not religious in nature.

In its time, the Castellania was considered to be a secular court. Cases generally consisted of secular parties, with secular accusations, for cases of secular nature. Officially it treated people with more equity; religious courts in Malta under Roman Catholicism would refer to non-Christians and people with diverse abilities as creatures, because of their "imperfection", whereas the Castellania considered all people as humans. However the Castellania distinguished the non-Christians by considering all others as aliens, of which difference also has had negative impact in terms of equality before the law, and in practice it was still theocratic. Women had same rights as men to institute for court action. In military context the knights were not subject to the Castellania, and were instead prosecuted at the Military Tribunal (Tribunale Militare), however it received assistance from the higher hierarchy of
as most knights and foreigners considered the position as for the subscript citizenry. A report was drafted weekly and send to the palace of the Grand Master, informing about occurrences present to the Castellania. 

 The Castellania was the supreme court of department of justice of the islands, therefore call Gran Corte or the variants in legal text file. The Grand Master had the absolute power to preside over the mental hospital. The Papacy quarrel for a superior decision, such as when there be conflict with the court of the Bishop, but mention sovereignty of the princely Grand Master it was never conceded. The Castellania originally receive decision over every aspect of life, include public morality and religion, but having the Islands been visited by an official of the Holy See in the 16th century and find lack of enforcement by the knights in religious aspects, the Inquisition was established. With the presence of the Inquisition, the Holy See considered Malta exchangeable to a colony, but through the Castellania the Order kept rigid control and sovereignty over Malta. Though the Inquisition had the power to issue a death penalty in cases associate to religion, such as heresy, fornication and sodomy, it broadly leave it at the discretion of the Castellania. Religious monks, including the Bishop of Malta, were not to be capable of decisions bring by the Castellania but there were instances of get to make exceptions as per offense to the state. In the former eighteenth century, under Grand Master de Rohan, Giovanni Nicolo ’ Muscat has trigerred significant controversy over his views on church - department of state separation in matter which are not religious in nature. 

 In its time, the Castellania was considered to be a secular court. Cases by and large consisted of secular parties, with laic accusations, for cases of secular nature. Officially it cover people with more fairness; religious courts in Malta under Roman Catholicism would refer to non - Christians and people with diverse abilities as animal, because of their " imperfection ", whereas the Castellania considered all citizenry as humans. However the Castellania distinguish the non - Christians by considering all others as aliens, of which remainder besides has had negative impact in terms of equality before the police, and in practice it was still theocratic. Women had same right as men to institute for motor hotel action. In military context the knights were not subject to the Castellania, and were instead prosecuted at the Military Tribunal (Tribunale Militare), however it received assistance from the eminent hierarchy of
 as most knights and foreigkers considered jhw posivion as for the inferior people. A report wad erafttb weekly and sent to the palabe of the Graid Master, informmhg aboub occhvrenczs presented to jhe Castellatia.

The Castelldnka was the supreme court of justice os the ixlwnds, hence caljed Bwan Dorte or the variants in legal dochments. Uhe Grand Master hsd the absolute power to pgesife over the institktion. The Pqpacr quarreled fur a superpmr decisioh, such as when there was conflizt wich the courj kf jhe Bishop, bnt citpng sovereignbj of tha princrly Grand Mastcr it waw never conceded. The Rastellania originaljy had dewiaion over every awpwct ox lixe, ivxluainf 'ubmic mogalmty and reljgion, but hqving the Islands bten nosited by an officyaj of the Holy See in the 16th century and fohnd lack of enforcement by the knights in repigious afpects, the Inquisition was established. With the psesenre of tme Ivwulsition, the Holy See considered Malta similar fo a colony, but thvough the Castellamiw yre Order kept rigid cohtrol and sovereigjty ovet Maltq. Though uhe Imquisition had the power to issue a deanh pwnalty in cases repated to reuigipn, suvh as heresy, fornicatiou and aodomy, it gfnerally mdft it at the dircrvtiot of the Castellania. Religyous monkw, ineluding ghe Nishop of Malta, aere kmt to be subject ov decnsionv taken by the Castellania but there were instances of naeinc to makz exceitions as per osfense to the xtate. Iu the uate eightventh cenvury, under Gwand Master da Rohan, Giovaini Nicolj’ Muwcat has trkeerred signifivant contgorersy ovee his views on chuvch-stxfe separation iu natters which ate vot rvlijious hn nature.

In hts gimd, the Zastellania das vonsidered to be a saculzr court. Cases genrrwlly conwisted os secular paryies, with secular wccusetions, for vasgs of secular nature. Officially it treatfd ieople with mjre cquijy; religioux courts in Malta under Roman Catholiciwm would refer to bon-Christians and pgopke with divxrse afilities ds creatures, because of their "imperfegtion", whereas the Castsllanid condidered all people as humans. However the Castellania distinguished the nob-Chrisviwns by consjderong anl pthers as elmens, of which difgerence also has had negative iopact in tzrms of equality before the lsw, and in practkce it was still theocrafic. Womem had same rights as men to insyitute for court action. Ln militaey cohtext nge knights were not xubjecc to tye Castwllakia, and were ivstraf prosecuhed et che Military Tribunal (Tribunale Mulitarw), jowever it receited assistange from the hygher hierarchy kf
as most knights and foreigners considered the for inferior people. report was drafted palace the Grand Master, about occurrences presented the Castellania. The Castellania was the court of justice of the islands, hence called Gran Corte or the variants legal documents. The Grand Master had the absolute power to preside over the The quarreled a decision, such as when there was conflict with the court of the Bishop, but citing sovereignty the princely Grand Master it was never conceded. Castellania originally had decision every aspect of life, including morality religion, but the been by an official the Holy See in the 16th century and found lack of enforcement by the knights in religious the Inquisition With the of Inquisition, Holy See considered to a colony, but through the kept rigid control and sovereignty over Malta. Though Inquisition had power to issue a death penalty cases related to religion, such as heresy, fornication sodomy, it generally left it at the discretion of the Castellania. Religious monks, including the Malta, were not to subject of decisions by Castellania there instances of to make exceptions as per offense to the state. In the eighteenth century, under Grand Master de Rohan, Giovanni Nicolo’ Muscat significant over his views church-state separation in matters are religious in nature. In the was a court. generally consisted of secular with secular accusations, for cases secular nature. Officially it religious courts in Malta under Roman Catholicism would to non-Christians and people with diverse abilities creatures, because of their "imperfection", whereas the Castellania considered all people as However the the non-Christians by considering all others as aliens, which difference also has negative impact in terms of equality before the law, in it was theocratic. Women had rights as men institute for court military context knights not Castellania, and were instead prosecuted at Military (Tribunale Militare), however it received from hierarchy of
 as most knights and foreignerS considereD the pOsiTioN aS for The iNferior people. A REporT was drafted weekly and seNt to tHe PAlacE Of The GrAnd MastER, iNFOrmInG aBouT oCCuRrencEs pResenteD to the CastEllAnIa.

The CastellANiA was the supRemE court of justIce Of the iSlAndS, Hence CalLed GrAn CortE Or the vAriants in LeGAl docuMEnts. The gRAnD MasTer had the absolute POwER to preside over The insTiTUtION. ThE PaPacy quarreLeD for a SUperior DEcISIOn, sUCh as when there Was conflict WIth The couRt Of tHE BishoP, but cItINg sOvereignty oF the Princely GRand MaSTer it waS Never coNceded. the casTellANiA oRigInALly HAd DecISioN over eveRy AsPect oF lifE, INCLudiNg pUbliC moraLity and religiOn, bUt haVIng The IsLands Been ViSited By an ofFiciaL oF the Holy See in thE 16th cEntury and FouNd LacK oF enfoRCement By tHe kNights iN religiOUs aSpECTS, tHe Inquisition was esTaBLIsHed. With tHe presENcE oF The InquiSiTioN, the hOLy See ConsIDeRed Malta SimilaR To A cOlony, buT tHrough ThE CaSteLlaniA The ORder kePt rigid cOntroL And sovereignty OVer Malta. ThougH ThE iNqUIsitIon Had the power To isSUe a dEath PEnAltY In casEs relAtED tO Religion, such as heresY, fOrnicaTion aNd sodomy, it genErally left IT AT the discRetiON oF The Castellania. religIous monks, iNCluding tHe BisHop of MalTa, were not TO Be subjecT of DecIsiOns TAKeN by the CastellANIa buT tHere werE inStances Of hAviNg tO maKe ExceptionS as per ofFeNsE tO tHe sTate. IN The late eIgHteEnTh cEnturY, Under GRand MAsteR dE ROHan, giovannI niCOLo’ MuScAt Has tRigErRed siGnifICanT controVersy over His VIews On ChUrch-staTe separation iN mAtters whicH aRe nOt reliGIOus in natUre.

In its time, the CastellaNIa was coNsiDered To be A secular cOurT. Cases GenERally cOnsistEd of sEcUlaR PArtieS, WItH seCuLar accusatIONs, fOr casEs Of seCular naTure. Officially it trEAteD people with moRe eQuitY; RElIgiOUs COurTs IN MaLTA under Roman CathOlicism wouLd REfEr to non-ChrIStiAnS and peoPle with DiverSE abilitIes as creaTures, becaUsE of tHEIr "iMperfectioN", whereas The CastelLAnia cONsIdereD alL peoplE aS huMans. HOwever THe CAstelLania dIsTinguiShed tHe Non-ChrisTians by considering all otHers as AlienS, of Which diffEreNCe aLso has had NegaTive impact In tErmS of eqUalITy befOre tHE lAw, aND in prActiCE it was stiLL tHeoCRAtIc. Women had sAME RigHts as Men TO instiTute For court action. In mILitary context tHe knIGHts WerE Not sUbJect to the CasteLlaNiA, ANd were inStEad prosecutEd at the MIlITary TRibunaL (TribuNale MilITArE), HoweveR it rEceIved assisTanCe FRom the hIgHeR HierarChy oF
 as most knights and forei gners cons idere d t hepo siti on a s for the infe r iorpeople. A report was d rafte dw eekl y  a nd se nt to t h ep a lac eof  th eG ra nd Ma ste r, info rming abou t o cc urrences pre s en ted to the  Ca stellania.
The  Caste ll ani a  wasthe  supr eme co u rt ofjustice o ft he isl a nds, he n c ecall ed Gran Corte ort he variants in le gal do cu m en t s . T heGrand Mast er  hadt he abso l ut e p owe r  to preside o ver the ins t itu tion.Th e P a pacy q uarre le d  fo r a superio r de cision, s uch as when th e re wasconfli ctwit h th e  c ou rtof the Bi sho p , b ut citin gso verei gnty o f thepri ncel y Gra nd Master itwas  nev e r c onced ed. T he C as tella nia or igina ll y had decisionover  every as pec tofli fe, i n cludin g p ubl ic mora lity an d  re li g i o n,  but having the Is la n d sbeen vis ited b y  a no fficialof  th e Ho l y  Seein t h e16th cen tury a n dfo und lac kof enf or cem ent  by t h e kn ightsin relig iousa spects, the In q uisition wase st a b li s hed.  Wi th the pres ence of t he I n qu isi t ion,the H ol y  S e e considered Maltasi milarto acolony, but t hrough the C a stellani a th e  O r der kept rigid  cont rol and so v ereignty  over  Malta.Though th e Inquisit ion  ha d t hep o we r to issue ad e athpe nalty i n c ases re lat edtorel ig ion, such  as here sy ,fo rn ica tiona nd sodom y,  it  g ene rally left i t atthedi sc r eti on of t h eC a stel la ni a. R eli gi ous m onks ,  in cluding  the Bish opo f Ma lt a,  were n ot to be subj ec t of decis io nstakenb y  the Cas tellania but there were instanc esof ha ving  to makeexc eption s a s  per o ffense  to t he  st a t e. In t he  la te  eighteent h cen tury,  u nder  GrandMaster de Rohan, G i ova nni Nicolo’ M usc at h a s  t rig e rr e d s ig n ifi c a nt controversyover his v ie w son church- s tat eseparat ion inmatte r s which  are notreligious  i n na t u re. 

In its t ime, the  Castella n ia wa s  c onsid ere d to b ea s ecula r cour t . C asesgenera ll y cons isted  o f secula r parties, with secular  accus ation s,for cases  of sec ular natu re.Officially  it  tr eated  pe o ple w ithm or e e q uity;  rel i gious cou r ts  in M al ta under Ro m a n  Ca tholi cis m  would  ref er to non-Christi a ns and peoplewith d ive rse abil it ies as creatur es,  b e c ause ofth eir "imperf ection",  w h ereas  the C astell ania co n s id e red al l pe opl e as huma ns.  H o wever t he  C a stella niadi stingu ishedt he n o n -Christians by c onsid e r ing a l l o thers  a s alien s , of  which dif ference als o hashadnegat ive imp ac t in t erm sof equalit y  before t he la w, andin  pra cti ce itwass t ill t heoc ra tic . Women h a d  s a me  r i ght s as  mento  ins titute fo r  court a cti o n. In m il ita r y  conte x tt h e knightswer e not s ubject tot he C a st e llani a, and  wereinstead pro se cuted a t t h e  Military  Tribunal (Tr ib unal e Milita re ), h ow eve rit received ass istancefrom the h igherhie r arch y  of
 as_most knights_and foreigners considered the_position as_for_the inferior_people._A report was_drafted weekly and_sent to the palace_of the Grand_Master,_informing about occurrences presented to the Castellania.

The Castellania was the supreme court of justice_of_the islands,_hence_called_Gran Corte or the variants_in legal documents. The Grand_Master had_the absolute power to preside over the institution._The_Papacy quarreled for_a superior decision, such as when there was conflict_with the court of the Bishop,_but citing sovereignty_of_the_princely Grand Master it_was never conceded. The Castellania originally_had decision over every aspect of_life, including public morality and religion, but_having the Islands been visited by_an official of the Holy_See in_the 16th century and found_lack of enforcement_by the_knights in religious_aspects, the Inquisition was established. With_the presence of_the Inquisition, the Holy See considered_Malta_similar to a_colony,_but_through the_Castellania the Order_kept_rigid control_and_sovereignty over Malta. Though the Inquisition_had_the power to issue a death penalty_in cases related to_religion,_such as heresy, fornication_and sodomy, it generally left_it at the discretion of the_Castellania. Religious_monks, including_the Bishop of Malta, were not to be subject of decisions_taken by the Castellania but there_were instances of having_to make_exceptions_as per offense_to_the state._In the late eighteenth century, under Grand_Master de_Rohan, Giovanni Nicolo’ Muscat has trigerred_significant controversy over his_views_on church-state separation in matters which_are not religious in nature.

In its_time, the Castellania was considered_to_be_a secular court. Cases generally_consisted of secular parties, with secular_accusations, for cases_of secular nature. Officially it treated people_with_more equity; religious courts in Malta_under_Roman Catholicism would refer to non-Christians_and_people_with diverse abilities as creatures,_because of their "imperfection", whereas the_Castellania considered all people as humans. However the Castellania_distinguished the non-Christians_by considering all others as_aliens,_of_which difference also has had negative impact in terms of_equality before_the law, and_in practice it was still theocratic. Women had same rights_as men to institute for court action._In military context the knights were not subject to the Castellania,_and were instead prosecuted at the Military Tribunal_(Tribunale Militare), however it received assistance from_the higher hierarchy of