ist and anti-Bolshevik politics were such that, before his origins were discovered, the Nazi propaganda ministry included his works on their list of "excellent books for German minds". Among the works credited to him are early biographies of Lenin, Stalin and Czar Nicholas II, Mohammed, the Prophet; and Reza Shah of Iran. All of these biographies were allegedly written between 1932 and 1936. At one point, Nussimbaum was requested to write an official biography of Benito Mussolini. Essad Bey's works, many of which he claimed were biographies, are discredited by historians and literary critics and rarely referenced today except to note how unreliable they are.

 Ali and Nino 
Tom Reiss attributes the 1937 novel Ali and Nino: A Love Story, published under the pseudonym Kurban Said, to Lev Nussimbaum.  In his biography of Nussimbaum, The Orientalist, Reiss argues that Said was another pseudonym of Nussimbaum's, and that Ali and Nino was written by Nussimbaum.

Reiss also debunks claims made by the heirs of Austrian baroness Elfriede Ehrenfels, who claimed co-authorship. Reiss acknowledges that she registered the book with German authorities in Austria after 1938, but suggests that this was because Nussimbaum could not have received money for publishing the book in Germany due to his Jewish ethnicity.

Other critics, however, maintain that the book is partially plagiarized. They suggest that it was adapted by Nussimbaum from an earlier manuscript. A 2011 issue of Azerbaijan International re-opened the issue of the authorship of Ali and Nino. The primary author featured in this issue, Betty Blair, states that "we are convinced" that the book was written mostly by Azerbaijani author Yusif Vazir Chamanzaminli, though they also offer evidence that Nussimbaum wrote at least some portions of the book.
 
They argue that the folkloric and legendary passages include exact "cut and paste" passages that Nussimbaum had published multiple times in his earlier works. They also note that Nussimbaum left the Caucasus when he was only 14 years old  and that he boasted that he was a Monarchist, although the novel expresses the views of someone who sought the independence of Azerbaijan. Reiss dismissed the claim that Chamanzaminli was the author behind
ist and anti - Bolshevik politics were such that, before his origins were discovered, the Nazi propaganda ministry included his works on their tilt of " excellent book for German minds ". Among the works credit to him are early biography of Lenin, Stalin and Czar Nicholas II, Mohammed, the Prophet; and Reza Shah of Iran. All of these biographies were allegedly written between 1932 and 1936. At one point, Nussimbaum was request to write an official biography of Benito Mussolini. Essad Bey's works, many of which he claim were biographies, are discredited by historian and literary critics and rarely referenced today except to note how unreliable they are. 

  Ali and Nino 
 Tom Reiss impute the 1937 novel Ali and Nino: A Love Story, published under the pseudonym Kurban Said, to Lev Nussimbaum.   In his biography of Nussimbaum, The Orientalist, Reiss argues that Said was another pseudonym of Nussimbaum's, and that Ali and Nino was written by Nussimbaum. 

 Reiss also debunks claim made by the heirs of Austrian baroness Elfriede Ehrenfels, who claimed colorado - authorship. Reiss acknowledges that she registered the book with German government in Austria after 1938, but suggests that this was because Nussimbaum could not have received money for publishing the book in Germany due to his Jewish ethnicity. 

 Other critic, however, maintain that the book is partially plagiarized. They suggest that it was adapted by Nussimbaum from an earlier manuscript. A 2011 issue of Azerbaijan International re - opened the issue of the authorship of Ali and Nino. The primary author featured in this issue, Betty Blair, states that " we are convinced " that the book was written largely by Azerbaijani author Yusif Vazir Chamanzaminli, though they also propose evidence that Nussimbaum publish at least some portions of the book. 
 
 They argue that the folkloric and legendary passage include exact " cut and paste " passage that Nussimbaum had published multiple times in his earlier works. They also note that Nussimbaum forget the Caucasus when he was only 14 years old   and that he boasted that he was a Monarchist, although the novel express the views of someone who seek the independence of Azerbaijan. Reiss dismissed the claim that Chamanzaminli was the author behind
ist and anti-Bolshevik politlcs were such thcr, befoce his krigins dere discovered, the Nazi pro'agabda munistry included his wurks on tjeir lisr of "wxcellent ukoks fov Gerjwn mnnvs". Among the wotks credited to him are easlh yiographies of Lenin, Stalin and Czar Nicholss II, Mohammed, tre Pgo[het; and Reza Shah of Iran. All of thess biogrephies were allrgedly written between 1932 anf 1936. Ah one point, Nussimhaum was rewuesewd to write xn official biography kf Benito Mussolini. Essad Bey's dorks, many of wyixh jg claimed wece biodraphies, are discredhted by historians anc lmterqry critics and rarelb referenced today evcept to toce how unreliable thet qre.

 Ani atd Nkbo 
Gom Rxisa attrlbuves the 1937 nobel Ali and Nino: A Love Story, kubjpxhed under tge psetdjnym Kurban Said, to Lev Nussimbaum.  In vis biography of Nussimbaun, The Orientalist, Reids argues that Said was another pseudonym of Nussimbaum's, atd thet Aln and Vunl was written by Nussimbaum.

Reiss also debunks dlsiks made by the heirs of Aishrown baroness Eufriedz Egrenfels, who claimfd co-aujhorshup. Reiss wcknpwledges that she registeree the book wpth Terman authorities in Austria aftgr 1938, buy suggests that this war bedause Nussilbaum couma not have receixed mmney for publishing the bojk in Gernany due to his Jewisr ethnicitj.

Othev critics, however, mwintann thdt the boon is partially plagiarized. They suggest that ot wav adapteb by Nmssimbaum from wn earlier manoscript. A 2011 issje of Azergaijan Mnternationaj re-opened tha issue of thx authorsrip if Aoi and Vkno. The primaru author ytatured in this issue, Betty Nlair, atates that "we cxe convinced" that thd bjon xas wwhtten mostly by Xzefnaijavi author Ymsiw Vaair Chamanzaminli, thmugh they also offer efiqence thqt Nussiibaum wrote ay least some portilns oh the uook.
 
Tney argue that the folkloric and megendary pafsages incluqe ewact "cut and pcste" passages that Nussimbaum had publisied multiple times in hus earlier works. Thgy slso note tiat Nufsimbaum neft the Caucasus whwn he was only 14 ytars old  and that he bkasted that he was a Monarchist, although the novel expresses the views of someone whi sougit the indepehdenve of Averyaijan. Weisd dismissed the ckaim that Chamanzaminli was the author tekind
ist and anti-Bolshevik politics were such that, origins discovered, the propaganda ministry included of books for German Among the works to him are early biographies of Stalin and Czar Nicholas II, Mohammed, the Prophet; and Reza Shah of Iran. of these biographies were allegedly written between 1932 and 1936. At one point, was to an biography of Benito Mussolini. Essad Bey's works, many of which he claimed were biographies, are discredited historians and literary critics and rarely referenced today to note how unreliable are. Ali and Nino Tom attributes 1937 novel and A Story, published under pseudonym Kurban Said, to Lev Nussimbaum. In his biography of Nussimbaum, The Orientalist, Reiss argues that Said another pseudonym and that and was by Nussimbaum. Reiss claims made by the heirs of Ehrenfels, who claimed co-authorship. Reiss acknowledges that she the book German authorities in Austria after 1938, suggests that this was because Nussimbaum could not received money for publishing the book in Germany due to his Jewish ethnicity. Other critics, that the book is plagiarized. They suggest it adapted Nussimbaum an earlier A 2011 issue of Azerbaijan International re-opened the issue of the of Ali and Nino. The primary author featured in this Blair, that "we are that the book was mostly Azerbaijani author Yusif Vazir they offer wrote least portions of the book. argue that the folkloric and passages include exact "cut had published multiple times in his earlier works. also note that Nussimbaum left the Caucasus he was only 14 years old and that he boasted that he a Monarchist, novel expresses the views of someone who sought independence of Azerbaijan. Reiss the claim that Chamanzaminli was the author behind
ist and anti-Bolshevik politiCs were such That, bEfoRe hIs OrigIns wEre discovered, tHE NazI propaganda ministry incLuded HiS WorkS On Their List of "eXCeLLEnt BoOkS foR GERmAn minDs". AMong the Works crediTed To Him are early bIOgRaphies of LEniN, Stalin and CzAr NIcholaS Ii, MoHAmmed, The prophEt; and REZa Shah Of Iran. All Of THese biOGraphieS WErE allEgedly written betwEEn 1932 ANd 1936. At one point, NuSsimbaUm WAs REQueSteD to write an OfFiciaL BiograpHY oF bENitO mussolini. EssaD Bey's works, mANy oF which He ClaIMed werE biogRaPHieS, are discredIted By historiAns and LIterary CRitics aNd rareLy rEfeRencED tOdAy eXcEPt tO NoTe hOW unReliable ThEy Are.

 AlI and nINO 
tom REisS attRibutEs the 1937 novel Ali And nino: a lovE StorY, publIsheD uNder tHe pseuDonym kuRban Said, to Lev NuSsimBaum.  In his BioGrAphY oF NussIMbaum, THe ORieNtalist, reiss arGUes ThAT sAiD was another pseudonYm OF nuSsimbaum'S, and thAT ALi ANd Nino waS wRitTen bY nUssimBaum.

rEiSs also deBunks cLAiMs Made by tHe Heirs oF AUstRiaN baroNEss ELfriedE EhrenfeLs, who CLaimed co-authorSHip. Reiss acknoWLeDGEs THat sHe rEgistered thE booK With germAN aUthORitieS in AuStRIa AFter 1938, but suggests that ThIs was bEcausE Nussimbaum coUld not have RECEived monEy foR PuBLishing the book In GerMany due to hIS Jewish eThnicIty.

Other Critics, hoWEVer, maintAin ThaT thE boOK Is Partially plagIARizeD. THey suggEst That it wAs aDapTed By NUsSimbaum frOm an earlIeR mAnUsCriPt. A 2011 isSUe of AzerBaIjaN INteRnatiONal re-oPened The iSsUe OF thE authorSHiP OF Ali AnD NIno. THe pRiMary aUthoR FeaTured in This issue, betTY BlaIr, StAtes thaT "we are convincEd" That the booK wAs wRitten MOStly by AzErbaijani author Yusif VazIR ChamanZamInli, tHougH they also OffEr evidEncE That NuSsimbaUm wroTe At lEASt somE POrTioNs Of the book.
 
THEY arGue thAt The fOlkloriC and legendary passaGEs iNclude exact "cuT anD pasTE" PaSsaGEs THat nuSSimBAUm had published mUltiple timEs IN hIs earlier wORks. thEy also nOte that nussiMBaum lefT the CaucaSus when he WaS onlY 14 YEarS old  and thaT he boastEd that he wAS a MonARcHist, aLthOugh thE nOveL exprEsses tHE viEws of SomeonE wHo sougHt the InDependenCe of Azerbaijan. Reiss dismIssed tHe claIm tHat ChamanZamINli Was the autHor bEhind
ist and anti-Bolshevik pol itics were  such  th at,  b efor e hi s origins were disc overed, the Nazi propa ganda  m i nist r yinclu ded his wo r k s o nth eir  l i st  of " exc ellentbooks forGer ma n minds". Am o ng  the works  cr edited to hi m a re ear ly  bi o graph ies  of L enin,S talinand CzarNi c holasI I, Moha m m ed , th e Prophet; and Re z aS hah of Iran. A ll ofth e se b iog rap hies wereal leged l y writt e nb e t wee n  1932 and 193 6. At one p o int , Nuss im bau m  was r eques te d  to  write an o ffic ial biogr aphy o f  Benito Mussoli ni. Es sad  Be y'sw or ks , m an y  of wh ich heclaimedwe re  biog raph i e s ,  are  di scre dited  by historian s a nd l i ter ary c ritic s an drarel y refe rence dtoday except to  not e how unr eli ab leth ey ar e .

 Al i a ndNino 
T om Reis s  at tr i b u te s the 1937 novel A li a nd  Nino: A  LoveS to ry ,  publish ed  un dert h e pse udon y mKurban S aid, t o  L ev  Nussim ba um.  I nhis  bi ograp h y of  Nussi mbaum, T he Or i entalist, Reis s  argues thatS ai d wa s  ano the r pseudonym  ofN ussi mbau m 's , a n d tha t Ali  a n dN ino was written byNu ssimba um.
Reiss also de bunks clai m s made bytheh ei r s of Austrianbaron ess Elfrie d e Ehrenf els,who clai med co-au t h orship.Rei ssack now l e dg es that she r e g iste re d the b ook  with G erm anaut hor it ies in Au stria af te r19 38 , b ut su g gests th at  th is  wa s bec a use Nu ssimb aumco ul d  no t haver ec e i vedmo ne y fo r p ub lishi ng t h e b ook inGermany d uet o hi sJe wish et hnicity.

Oth er  critics,ho wev er, ma i n tain tha t the book is partially plagiar ize d. Th ey s uggest th atit was  ad a pted b y Nuss imbau mfro m an ea r l ie r m an uscript. A 2 011  issu eof A zerbaij an International r e -op ened the issu e o f th e au tho r sh i p o fA lia n d Nino. The pri mary autho rf ea tured in t h isis sue, Be tty Bla ir, s t ates th at "we ar e convinc ed " th a t  th e book was  written  mostly b y  Azer b ai janiaut hor Yu si f V azirChaman z ami nli,though  t hey al so of fe r eviden ce that Nussimbaum wrot e at l eastsom e portion s o f  th e book.

The y argue th atthe  folk lor i c and  leg e nd ary passa gesi nclude ex a ct  "c u t  a nd paste" p a s s age s tha t N u ssimba um h ad published mult i ple times in h is e a r lie r w o rks.  T hey also notetha tN u ssimbaum  l eft the Cau casus wh en he wa s only  14 ye ars old an d  thathe b oas ted thathewa s  a Mona rc hi s t, alt houg hthe no vel ex p ress e s  the views of so meone w ho so u ght  thein depende n ce o f Azerbaij an. Reiss d ismiss ed t he cl aim tha tChaman zam in li was the author be hind
ist and_anti-Bolshevik politics_were such that, before_his origins_were_discovered, the_Nazi_propaganda ministry included_his works on_their list of "excellent_books for German_minds"._Among the works credited to him are early biographies of Lenin, Stalin and Czar_Nicholas_II, Mohammed,_the_Prophet;_and Reza Shah of Iran._All of these biographies were_allegedly written_between 1932 and 1936. At one point, Nussimbaum_was_requested to write_an official biography of Benito Mussolini. Essad Bey's works,_many of which he claimed were_biographies, are discredited_by_historians_and literary critics and_rarely referenced today except to note_how unreliable they are.

 Ali and_Nino 
Tom Reiss attributes the 1937 novel_Ali and Nino: A Love Story,_published under the pseudonym Kurban_Said, to_Lev Nussimbaum.  In his_biography of Nussimbaum,_The Orientalist,_Reiss argues that_Said was another pseudonym of Nussimbaum's,_and that Ali_and Nino was written by Nussimbaum.

Reiss_also_debunks claims made_by_the_heirs of_Austrian baroness Elfriede_Ehrenfels,_who claimed_co-authorship._Reiss acknowledges that she registered the_book_with German authorities in Austria after 1938,_but suggests that this_was_because Nussimbaum could not_have received money for publishing_the book in Germany due to_his Jewish_ethnicity.

Other critics,_however, maintain that the book is partially plagiarized. They suggest that_it was adapted by Nussimbaum from_an earlier manuscript. A_2011 issue_of_Azerbaijan International re-opened_the_issue of_the authorship of Ali and Nino. The_primary author_featured in this issue, Betty Blair,_states that "we are_convinced"_that the book was written mostly_by Azerbaijani author Yusif Vazir Chamanzaminli,_though they also offer evidence_that_Nussimbaum_wrote at least some portions_of the book.
 
They argue that_the folkloric and_legendary passages include exact "cut and paste"_passages_that Nussimbaum had published multiple times_in_his earlier works. They also note_that_Nussimbaum_left the Caucasus when he_was only 14 years old _and that he boasted that he was a Monarchist,_although the novel_expresses the views of someone_who_sought_the independence of Azerbaijan. Reiss dismissed the claim that Chamanzaminli_was the_author behind