-classical and medieval times added to the  (or, more popularly, the Bestiary), the major book on animals for hundreds of years. Animals were believed to exist in order to serve man, if not as food or slaves then as moral examples.

Middle Ages

600 c. Isidorus Hispalensis (Spanish bishop of Seville) (560–636) wrote, a compendium on animals that served until the rediscovery of Aristotle and Pliny. Full of errors, it nevertheless was influential for hundreds of years. He also wrote.
781. Al-Jahiz (Afro-Arab, 781–868/869), a scholar at Basra, wrote on the influence of environment on animals.
901. Horses came into wider use in those parts of Europe where the three-field system produces grain surpluses for feed, but hay-fed oxen were more economical, if less efficient, in terms of time and labor and remained almost the sole source of animal power in southern Europe, where most farmers continued to use the two-field system.

1114. Gerard of Cremona (1114–1187), after the capture of Toledo and its libraries from the Moors, translated Ptolemy, Aristotle, Euclid, Hippocrates, Galen, Pliny and many other classical authors from the Arabic.
1244–1248. Frederick II von Hohenstaufen (Holy Roman Emperor) (1194–1250) wrote  (The Art of Hunting with Birds) as a practical guide to ornithology. Hawking was the sport for royalty in those days.

1244. Vincentius Bellovacensis (Vincent of Beauvais) (?–1264) wrote  (1244–1254), a major encyclopedia of the 13th century. This work comprises three huge volumes, of 80 books and 9,885 chapters.
1248. Thomas of Cantimpré‚ (Fleming, 1204?–1275?) wrote, a major 13th-century encyclopedia.
1254–1323. Marco Polo (Italian, 1254–1323) provided information on Asiatic fauna, revealing new animals to Europeans. "Unicorns" (rhinos?) were reported from southern China, but fantastic animals were otherwise not included.
1255–1270. Albertus Magnus of C
-classical and medieval times added to the   (or, more popularly, the Bestiary), the major book on animal for hundred of year. Animals were believed to exist in orderliness to serve man, if not as food or slave then as moral examples. 

 Middle Ages 

 600 c. Isidorus Hispalensis (Spanish bishop of Seville) (560–636) wrote, a collection on animal that served until the rediscovery of Aristotle and Pliny. Full of error, it nevertheless was influential for hundreds of years. He besides wrote. 
 781. Al - Jahiz (Afro - Arab, 781–868/869), a scholar at Basra, publish on the influence of environment on animals. 
 901. Horses total into wider use in those part of Europe where the three - field system produces grain excess for feed, but hay - fed oxen were more economic, if less efficient, in terms of time and labor movement and remained almost the sole source of animal power in southerly Europe, where most farmers continued to use the two - field system. 

 1114. Gerard of Cremona (1114–1187), after the capture of Toledo and its libraries from the Moors, translated Ptolemy, Aristotle, Euclid, Hippocrates, Galen, Pliny and many other classical authors from the Arabic. 
 1244–1248. Frederick II von Hohenstaufen (Holy Roman Emperor) (1194–1250) spell   (The Art of Hunting with dame) as a virtual guide to ornithology. Hawking was the mutant for royalty in those days. 

 1244. Vincentius Bellovacensis (Vincent of Beauvais) (? – 1264) wrote   (1244–1254), a major encyclopedia of the 13th century. This workplace comprises three huge volumes, of 80 books and 9,885 chapters. 
 1248. Thomas of Cantimpré ‚ (Fleming, 1204?–1275 ?) wrote, a major 13th - hundred encyclopedia. 
 1254–1323. Marco Polo (Italian, 1254–1323) provided information on Asiatic fauna, revealing new animals to Europeans. " Unicorns " (rhinoceros ?) were report from southern China, but fantastic animals were otherwise not included. 
 1255–1270. Albertus Magnus of C
-cladsical and medieval timer added to the  (or, morx populzrly, the Bestiary), the major book on enimqls fir hundreds of years. Avimals wege believwd ti exist in order to serve lan, nf not as food ot slaves thet as moral exakpued.

Middle Ages

600 c. Isidorus Hispalensis (Spanisn hishop of Sevijle) (560–636) rrots, a compendium on animals that serbed untpl the rediscoveru of Aristotle and Pliny. Fkll lf errors, it neverhheless was infjyential for fundreds of years. He amso wrote.
781. Al-Jahiz (Afro-Arab, 781–868/869), a szholax at Basra, qrite mn the inflnence jf environmekn on anhmals.
901. Hprses came intp wmder use in those parts oh Europe where the trree-field svstem produces grain wueplusgs fos fede, bjt gab-fes oxen wece more ecohomical, if oess efficient, in ttrmf of time and mabor wnq remained almost the sole source of anpmal power in southern Europe, where most farmers continueq to use the two-field system.

1114. Gerard of Cremona (1114–1187), axter vhd ccibure if Toledo and its libraries from the Moors, tranfmaued Ptolemy, Aristjtle, Euclid, Hlpljcrates, Galen, Pliny ans many other classlcal aujhors drom the Wraboc.
1244–1248. Frederick II von Hohenstqufen (Holy Rjnan Emperor) (1194–1250) wrote  (The Art oy Huntong woth Birds) as a practicau gujde to ornihhology. Hzdking was the spurt fmr royaluh in those days.

1244. Vyncentius Belkovacenris (Fincene of Beauvwis) (?–1264) wrote  (1244–1254), a major encjclopgdia ox the 13th cfntury. This work comprises threx huge volumex, mf 80 books aud 9,885 chspters.
1248. Thomas of Cantimpré‚ (Fkeming, 1204?–1275?) wrotd, a major 13nh-century encyclopedya.
1254–1323. Marco Polo (Ltalian, 1254–1323) protided infjrmarion on Asixgic fauna, revesling new animals ti Europeans. "Unicorks" (rhkhos?) were reportzb drom southern Cninx, btt fentasehc animals ware uthdtwise not includcd.
1255–1270. Xlbettus Magnus of C
-classical and medieval times added to the popularly, Bestiary), the book on animals were to exist in to serve man, not as food or slaves then moral examples. Middle Ages 600 c. Isidorus Hispalensis (Spanish bishop of Seville) (560–636) a compendium on animals that served until the rediscovery of Aristotle and Pliny. of it was for hundreds of years. He also wrote. 781. Al-Jahiz (Afro-Arab, 781–868/869), a scholar at Basra, wrote the influence of environment on animals. 901. Horses into wider use in parts of Europe where the system grain surpluses feed, hay-fed were more economical, less efficient, in terms of time and labor and remained almost the sole source of animal power southern Europe, farmers continued use two-field 1114. Gerard of after the capture of Toledo and the Moors, translated Ptolemy, Aristotle, Euclid, Hippocrates, Galen, and many classical authors from the Arabic. 1244–1248. II von Hohenstaufen (Holy Roman Emperor) (1194–1250) wrote Art of Hunting with Birds) as a practical guide to ornithology. Hawking was the sport in those days. 1244. Bellovacensis (Vincent of (?–1264) (1244–1254), major of the century. This work comprises three huge volumes, of 80 books and chapters. 1248. Thomas of Cantimpré‚ (Fleming, 1204?–1275?) wrote, a major 1254–1323. Polo (Italian, 1254–1323) information on Asiatic fauna, new to Europeans. "Unicorns" (rhinos?) from China, were not 1255–1270. Albertus Magnus of
-classical and medieval times Added to the  (Or, morE poPulArLy, thE BesTiary), the major bOOk on Animals for hundreds of yeArs. AnImALs weRE bElievEd to exiST iN ORdeR tO sErvE mAN, iF not aS foOd or slaVes then as mOraL eXamples.

MiddlE agEs

600 c. IsidoruS HiSpalensis (SpaNisH bishoP oF SeVIlle) (560–636) wRotE, a comPendiuM On animAls that seRvED until THe redisCOVeRy of aristotle and Pliny. fUlL Of errors, it neveRtheleSs WAs INFluEntIal for hundReDs of yEArs. He alSO wROTE.
781. Al-jAhiz (Afro-Arab, 781–868/869), a Scholar at BaSRa, wRote on ThE inFLuence Of envIrONmeNt on animals.
901. horsEs came intO wider USe in thoSE parts oF EuropE whEre The tHReE-fIelD sYSteM PrOduCEs gRain surpLuSeS for fEed, bUT HAY-fed OxeN werE more Economical, if lEss EffiCIenT, in teRms of Time AnD laboR and reMaineD aLmost the sole souRce oF animal poWer In SouThErn EuROpe, wheRe mOst Farmers ContinuED to UsE THE tWo-field system.

1114. GerarD oF cReMona (1114–1187), afteR the caPTuRe OF Toledo aNd Its LibrARIes frOm thE moOrs, transLated PTOlEmY, AristoTlE, EucliD, HIppOcrAtes, GALen, PLiny anD many othEr claSSical authors frOM the Arabic.
1244–1248. FreDErICK Ii Von HOheNstaufen (HolY RomAN EmpEror) (1194–1250) WRoTe  (THE Art oF HuntInG WiTH Birds) as a practical gUiDe to orNithoLogy. Hawking waS the sport fOR ROyalty in ThosE DaYS.

1244. Vincentius BelLovacEnsis (VinceNT of BeauvAis) (?–1264) wrOte  (1244–1254), a majoR encyclopEDIa of the 13tH ceNtuRy. THis WORk Comprises threE HUge vOlUmes, of 80 bOokS and 9,885 chaPteRs.
1248. THomAs oF CAntimpré‚ (FLeming, 1204?–1275?) wrOtE, a MaJoR 13th-CentuRY encycloPeDia.
1254–1323. maRco polo (ITAlian, 1254–1323) pRovidEd inFoRmATioN on AsiaTIc FAUna, rEvEaLing New AnImals To EuROpeAns. "UnicOrns" (rhinoS?) weRE repOrTeD from soUthern China, buT fAntastic anImAls Were otHERwise not Included.
1255–1270. Albertus Magnus oF c
-classical and medieval ti mes addedto th e (or ,more  pop ularly, the Be s tiar y), the major book onanima ls forh un dreds  of yea r s. A nim al swer eb el ieved  to  existin order t o s er ve man, if n o tas food or  sl aves then as  mo ral ex am ple s .

Mi ddl e Age s

600 c. Isi dorus His pa l ensis( Spanish b is hopof Seville) (560– 6 36 )  wrote, a comp endium  o n  a n i mal s t hat served  u ntilt he redi s co v e r y o f  Aristotle an d Pliny. Fu l l o f erro rs , i t  never thele ss was  influentia l fo r hundred s of y e ars. He also wr ote.
7 81.  Al -Jah i z(A fro -A r ab, 78 1–8 6 8/8 69), a s ch ol ar at  Bas r a , wrot e o n th e inf luence of env iro nmen t  on  anim als.901.  H orses  cameintowi der use in thos e pa rts of Eu rop ewhe re  thet hree-f iel d s ystem p roduces gra in s u rp luses for feed, bu th a y- fed oxen  werem or ee conomica l,  if  les s effic ient ,  i n termsof tim e  a nd  laboran d rema in edalm ost t h e so le sou rce of a nimal power in south e rn Europe, wh e re m os t  far mer s continued  tou se t he t w o- fie l d sys tem.
1 1 14 .  Gerard of Cremona(1 114–11 87),after the cap ture of To l e d o and it s li b ra r ies from the M oors,  translate d  Ptolemy , Ari stotle,Euclid, H i p pocrates , G ale n,Pli n y  a nd many other c lass ic al auth ors  from t heAra bic .
1 24 4–1248. F rederick  I Ivo nHoh ensta u fen (Hol yRom an  Em peror )  (1194 –1250 ) wr ot e(Th e Art o f  H u n ting  w it h Bi rds )as aprac t ica l guide  to ornit hol o gy.Ha wk ing was  the sport fo rroyalty in  t hos e days . 
1244. V incentius Bellovacensis (Vincen t o f Bea uvai s) (?–126 4)wrote (1 2 44–125 4), amajor  e ncy c l opedi a of  th e13th centu r y . T his w or k co mprises  three huge volume s , o f 80 books an d 9 ,885 c ha pte r s. 124 8. Tho m a s of Cantimpré‚  (Fleming,  1 2 04 ?–1275?) w r ote ,a major  13th-c entur y  encycl opedia.
1 254–1323.  M arco P olo  (Italian,  1254–13 23) provi d ed in f or matio n o n Asia ti c f auna,  revea l ing  newanimal sto Eur opean s.  "Unicor ns" (rhinos?) were repo rted f rom s out hern Chin a,b utfantastic  ani mals wereoth erw ise n oti nclud ed.1 25 5–1 2 70. A lber t us Magnus of  C
-classical and_medieval times_added to the _(or, more_popularly,_the Bestiary),_the_major book on_animals for hundreds_of years. Animals were_believed to exist_in_order to serve man, if not as food or slaves then as moral examples.

Middle_Ages

600_c. Isidorus_Hispalensis_(Spanish_bishop of Seville) (560–636) wrote,_a compendium on animals that_served until_the rediscovery of Aristotle and Pliny. Full of_errors,_it nevertheless was_influential for hundreds of years. He also wrote.
781. Al-Jahiz_(Afro-Arab, 781–868/869), a scholar at Basra,_wrote on the_influence_of_environment on animals.
901. Horses_came into wider use in those_parts of Europe where the three-field_system produces grain surpluses for feed, but_hay-fed oxen were more economical, if_less efficient, in terms of_time and_labor and remained almost the_sole source of_animal power_in southern Europe,_where most farmers continued to use_the two-field system.

1114._Gerard of Cremona (1114–1187), after the_capture_of Toledo and_its_libraries_from the_Moors, translated Ptolemy,_Aristotle,_Euclid, Hippocrates,_Galen,_Pliny and many other classical authors_from_the Arabic.
1244–1248. Frederick II von Hohenstaufen (Holy_Roman Emperor) (1194–1250) wrote__(The Art of Hunting_with Birds) as a practical_guide to ornithology. Hawking was the_sport for_royalty in_those days.

1244. Vincentius Bellovacensis (Vincent of Beauvais) (?–1264) wrote  (1244–1254),_a major encyclopedia of the 13th_century. This work comprises_three huge_volumes,_of 80 books_and_9,885 chapters.
1248._Thomas of Cantimpré‚ (Fleming, 1204?–1275?) wrote, a_major 13th-century_encyclopedia.
1254–1323. Marco Polo (Italian, 1254–1323) provided_information on Asiatic fauna,_revealing_new animals to Europeans. "Unicorns" (rhinos?)_were reported from southern China, but_fantastic animals were otherwise not_included.
1255–1270._Albertus_Magnus of C