 downloads the information in the first 3 columns of the routing table 100 for each of its line cards as the forwarding table. A router hosting the routing table 100 may download the first three columns of the routing table 100 as a forwarding table. FIG. 1B (PRIOR ART) illustrates a forwarding table 101 illustrated downloaded into each of the router's line cards.
Line cards host forwarding tables in order to remove from the central processing unit the intensive task of processing traffic. When a given one of a router's line cards receives traffic, the line card processes the traffic to determine the traffic's destination and forwards the traffic to the outgoing physical interface indicated by the line card's forwarding table. For example, a line card that receives traffic destined for the network device A determines that the traffic should be forwarded to the interface 1 as indicated in the forwarding table 101.
Unfortunately, a change in status of a next hop or a physical interface typically affects thousands of entries in the routing table. For example, if the physical interface 1 fails, then all entries in the routing table 100 that correspond to the physical interface, must be modified to a different interface. The thousands of modified entries in the routing table 100 are then downloaded to each line card. Downloading such a mass of data to each line card of a router consumes valuable resources of the router (e.g., memories in the line cards, system bus(es), etc.) and can cause packets to be dropped.
This problem is exacerbated when a route flap occurs. A poorly connected wire at a physical interface that fails intermittently typically causes a route flap. The intermittent failure causes repeated changes to entries in the routing table 100. Each change in the routing table 100 caused by the route flap prompts the router to download the modified entries of the routing table 100 to each of the router's line cards. These repeated changes and the downloading of path information for thousands of entries affected by the route flap severely impacts performance of the router, if bringing it down completely.
BGP route flap damping as described in Request for Comments (RFC) 2439 has been proposed as a solution to route flaps. Unfortunately, BGP route flap damping only limits the period of time a router will be overloaded instead of solving the problems caused by route flaps. Moreover, a router is still exposed to failure from route flapping before BGP route flap damping is triggered. This invention relates to a polymer film for smart window and more particularly, to the polymer film for smart window which can optionally control the intensity of light passing through
downloads the information in the first 3 columns of the routing mesa 100 for each of its credit line cards as the forwarding table. A router hosting the routing board 100 may download the first three columns of the routing board 100 as a forwarding board. FIG. 1B (PRIOR ART) illustrates a forwarding mesa 101 illustrated downloaded into each of the router's tune cards. 
 Line card host forwarding tables in order to remove from the central processing unit the intensive undertaking of processing traffic. When a given one of a router's line card receives traffic, the line card process the traffic to determine the traffic's destination and forwards the traffic to the extroverted physical interface indicated by the line card's forwarding table. For case, a line card that receives traffic destined for the network device A determines that the traffic should be forwarded to the interface 1 as indicated in the forwarding mesa 101. 
 Unfortunately, a change in status of a future hop or a physical interface typically affects thousands of entries in the routing mesa. For example, if the physical interface 1 fails, then all entries in the routing mesa 100 that correspond to the physical interface, must be modified to a different interface. The thousands of modified entrance in the routing table 100 are then downloaded to each line card. download such a mass of datum to each line card of a router consumes valuable resources of the router (e.g., memories in the lineage cards, system bus(es), etc .) and can cause packet to be dropped. 
 This problem is exacerbated when a route dither occurs. A poorly connected wire at a physical interface that fail intermittently typically causes a path flap. The intermittent bankruptcy causes repeated change to entries in the routing table 100. Each change in the routing table 100 induce by the route flap prompts the router to download the modified entries of the routing table 100 to each of the router's line cards. These repeated change and the downloading of path information for thousand of entries affected by the route flap severely impacts performance of the router, if lend it down completely. 
 BGP route flap damping as described in Request for Comments (RFC) 2439 has been proposed as a solution to route flap. Unfortunately, BGP path dither dampen only limits the period of time a router will be overloaded alternatively of solving the problems caused by road flaps. Moreover, a router is still exposed to failure from road flapping before BGP route flap dampen is triggered. This invention relates to a polymer movie for smart window and more particularly, to the polymer film for smart window which can optionally control the intensity of light passing through
 doanloads the information ln the first 3 columns oh the rkuting txble 100 for each of its line cerds as tye forwarding table. A fouter hodting thw ronting table 100 may download the rlrst chcee columns of jhe routing dable 100 as a foswxrbing table. FIG. 1B (PRIOR ART) illustratqs a fotwwrding table 101 ylluxeratsd downloaded into each of the roufer's liie cards.
Line catds host forwarding tables in lrder to remove frlm the centtzl [eocessing unkt the inttnvive task kf processing traffic. When a gixen oue of a roujze's phne cards rxceivef traffic, thc line ward prpcesses the trsffmc ti determine the traffmc's destination and sorwards dhz traffic to the outgiibg phisican ingwrfxce iididated hy vhe line cadd's forwardung table. For exampke, q line card tgat reseyves traffic destined for the network dtvice A determines that the rraffic should be foraarded to the interface 1 as indicated in the forwarding tatle 101.
Uifurtbkwgwlj, a change in status of a next hop or a physiszl ikterface typicaljy affects yhluxwnds of entrigs in tks douting table. For fxample, if tye physicwl imterface 1 fails, then all enrries in the eouting table 100 thac correspond to jhe phusical interface, must bz modiried to a dlfferent jvterface. The thojsakds of modified entries in thq routing tabke 100 are them downjoaded to fach line card. Downloadijg sueh a kass of daha to each line card of a routec consumes vakudblv resourczs of bhe router (e.g., mqmories in the line ccrds, shstem bus(ea), etc.) aid can cause packets to ba dropped.
This problem is wxacwrbated dhen a route fkap occurs. A poorly connected wire at a khgsical interfacz uhqt fails interkitgenelj tbpicajny causes a soutd fusp. Thd intermittcnt faikure causes repeated chahges to entries in tme routint table 100. Each change on the routing tabpe 100 ceused uy the roote flap prompts the router to sownload hhe modified eneriew of the roucing table 100 to each of the router's line rards. These repeated chqnges and the downlpsding of pavh infjrmation xor thousands of enteies affected by uhe route flap severely impacds pegformance of the router, if bringing it down completely.
BGP route flap dampung as described ih Reauest fjx Commegts (CFR) 2439 has been propoxed as a solution to route flapr. Unfortgnctely, BGP route flap damping pnuy limits the period of time a router will be overloaded instead of solving yhe problems caused by rpute flaps. Modeover, a ruuter is still exppsed tm faioure frim rlute flapping begove BGP rouhe fka' damping is triggered. This invenrion rwlwtes to a polymec film for slxrt wpndow agd more particulzrly, ho thg polymer film for smart wincow which can optiondljy control the pntensity of kight pdssing throujh
downloads the information in the first 3 the table 100 each of its table. router hosting the table 100 may the first three columns of the table 100 as a forwarding table. FIG. 1B (PRIOR ART) illustrates a forwarding 101 illustrated downloaded into each of the router's line cards. Line cards host tables order remove the central processing unit the intensive task of processing traffic. When a given one of a line cards receives traffic, the line card processes traffic to determine the destination and forwards the traffic the physical interface by line forwarding table. For a line card that receives traffic destined for the network device A determines that the traffic should forwarded to 1 as in forwarding 101. Unfortunately, a status of a next hop or typically affects thousands of entries in the routing For example, the physical interface 1 fails, then entries in the routing table 100 that correspond the physical interface, must be modified to a different interface. The thousands of modified entries routing table 100 are downloaded to each card. such mass data to line card of a router consumes valuable resources of the router memories in the line cards, system bus(es), etc.) and can to dropped. This problem exacerbated when a route occurs. poorly connected wire at interface fails a flap. intermittent failure causes repeated to entries in the routing 100. Each change in by the route flap prompts the router to the modified entries of the routing table to each of the router's line cards. These repeated changes and the of path thousands of entries affected by the route flap impacts performance of the if bringing it down completely. BGP route flap damping described Request for (RFC) 2439 has proposed as a to route flaps. route flap only the a router will be overloaded instead solving problems caused by route flaps. a still exposed to failure from route flapping before BGP route flap damping is triggered. This to a polymer film smart and more particularly, to the polymer film for smart window which can the intensity of
 downloads the information in The first 3 coLumns Of tHe rOuTing TablE 100 for each of its lINe caRds as the forwarding tablE. A rouTeR HostINg The roUting taBLe 100 MAY doWnLoAd tHe FIrSt thrEe cOlumns oF the routinG taBlE 100 as a forwardiNG tAble. FIG. 1B (PRiOR aRT) illustratEs a ForwarDiNg tABle 101 ilLusTrateD downlOAded inTo each of tHe ROuter's LIne cardS.
lInE carDs host forwarding tABlES in order to remoVe from ThE CeNTRal ProCessing uniT tHe intENsive taSK oF PROceSSing traffic. WhEn a given one OF a rOuter's LiNe cARds recEives TrAFfiC, the line carD proCesses the TraffiC To deterMIne the tRaffic'S deStiNatiON aNd ForWaRDs tHE tRafFIc tO the outgOiNg PhysiCal iNTERFace IndIcatEd by tHe line card's foRwaRdinG TabLe. For ExampLe, a lInE card That reCeiveS tRaffic destined fOr thE network dEviCe a deTeRmineS That thE trAffIc shoulD be forwARdeD tO THE iNterface 1 as indicateD iN THe ForwardiNg tablE 101.
unFoRTunately, A cHanGe in STAtus oF a neXT hOp or a phySical iNTeRfAce typiCaLly affEcTs tHouSands OF entRies in The routiNg tabLE. For example, if tHE physical inteRFaCE 1 FaILs, thEn aLl entries in The rOUtinG tabLE 100 tHat COrresPond tO tHE pHYsical interface, must Be ModifiEd to a Different inteRface. The thOUSAnds of moDifiED eNTries in the routIng taBle 100 are then DOwnloadeD to eaCh line caRd. DownloaDINg such a mAss Of dAta To eACH lIne card of a rouTER conSuMes valuAblE resourCes Of tHe rOutEr (E.g., memorieS in the liNe CaRdS, sYstEm bus(ES), etc.) and cAn CauSe PacKets tO Be dropPed.
ThIs prObLeM Is eXacerbaTEd WHEn a rOuTe Flap OccUrS. A pooRly cONneCted wirE at a physiCal INterFaCe That faiLs intermittenTlY typically CaUseS a routE FLap. The inTermittent failure causes REpeated ChaNges tO entRies in the RouTing taBle 100. eAch chaNge in tHe rouTiNg tABLe 100 cauSED bY thE rOute flap prOMPts The roUtEr to DownloaD the modified entrieS Of tHe routing tablE 100 to Each OF ThE roUTeR'S liNe CArdS. tHese repeated chaNges and the DoWNlOading of paTH inFoRmation For thouSands OF entrieS affected By the routE fLap sEVEreLy impacts pErformanCe of the roUTer, if BRiNging It dOwn comPlEteLy.
BGP Route fLAp dAmpinG as desCrIbed in requeSt For CommeNts (RFC) 2439 has been proposed as A solutIon to RouTe flaps. UnForTUnaTely, BGP roUte fLap damping OnlY liMits tHe pERiod oF timE A rOutER will Be ovERloaded inSTeAd oF SOlVing the probLEMS caUsed bY roUTe flapS. MorEover, a router is stiLL exposed to failUre fROM roUte FLappInG before BGP routE flAp DAMping is tRiGgered. This iNvention ReLAtes tO a polyMer filM for smaRT WiNDow and More ParTicularly, To tHe POlymer fIlM fOR smart WindOw Which cAn optiONallY COntrol the intensiTy of lIGHt pasSIng ThrouGh
 downloads the information  in the fi rst 3  co lum ns  oftherouting table1 00 f or each of its line ca rds a st he f o rw ardin g table .  A r out er  h ost in g  t he ro uti ng tabl e 100 maydow nl oad the firs t  t hree colum nsof the routi ngtable10 0 a s  a fo rwa rding  table .  FIG.1B (PRIOR  A R T) ill u strates a  f orwa rding table 101 i l lu s trated downloa ded in to ea c h  of  th e router's  l ine c a rds.
Li n ec a r dsh ost forwardin g tables in ord er tore mov e  fromthe c en t ral  processing  uni t the int ensive task of process ing tr aff ic.  Whe n  a  g ive no neo fa r o ute r's line  c ar ds re ceiv e s t raff ic,  the  line  card process esthet raf fic t o det ermi ne  thetraffi c's d es tination and fo rwar ds the tr aff ic  to  t he ou t goingphy sic al inte rface i n dic at e d by  the line card's f or w a rd ing tabl e. For ex am p le, a li ne  ca rd t h a t rec eive s  t raffic d estine d  f or  the ne tw ork de vi ceA d eterm i nesthat t he traff ic sh o uld be forward e d to the inte r fa c e  1 as i ndi cated in th e fo r ward ingt ab le1 01.
U nfort un a te l y, a change in stat us  of anexthop or a phys ical inter f a c e typica llya ff e cts thousandsof en tries in t h e routin g tab le. Forexample,i f  the phy sic alint erf a c e1 fails, then a ll e nt ries in  th e routi ngtab le100  t hat corre spond to  t he  p hy sic al in t erface,mu stbe  mo difie d  to adiffe rent  i nt e rfa ce. The th o u sand sof  mod ifi ed  entr iesi n t he rout ing table  10 0  are  t he n downl oaded to each  l ine card.Do wnl oading s uch a ma ss of data to each line card of  aroute r co nsumes va lua ble re sou r ces of  the r outer  ( e.g . ,  memo r i es  in  t he line ca r d s,syste mbus( es), et c.) and can causep ack ets to be dro ppe d.
T h i spro b le m  is  e x ace r b ated when a rou te flap oc cu r s.  A poorlyc onn ec ted wir e at aphysi c al inte rface tha t fails i nt ermi t t ent ly typical ly cause s a route flap. Th e int erm ittent  f ail ure c ausesr epe atedchange sto ent riesin  the rou ting table 100. Each ch ange i n the  ro uting tab le1 00caused by  the  route fla p p rom pts t her outer  tod ow nlo a d the  mod i fied entr i es  of t he  routing ta b l e  10 0 toeac h  of th e ro uter's line cards .  These repeate d ch a n ges  an d  the  d ownloading ofpat hi n formatio nfor thousan ds of en tr i es af fected  by th e route f la p  sever elyimp acts perf orm an c e of th ero u ter, i f br in ging i t down comp l e tely.
BGP routeflapd a mping asdescr ib ed in R e ques t for Comm ents (RFC)2439 h as b een p roposed  a s a so lut io n to route flaps. Un fortu nately,  B GP r out e flap  dam p i ng on ly l im its  the peri o d  o f  t im e  arout er wi ll  beoverloade d  instead  of solving  t hep r oblems ca u s ed by rout e f laps. M oreover, a rout e ri s sti ll exp osed t o failu r e f ro m route  fl a p ping befo re BGP ro u tefl ap d amping i strig ge red .This inventionrelatesto a pol y m er fil m f o r sm a rt win do w and more p artic ul a rly, to t hepolymer fil m f orsmar t w indo w  which can optionally co ntro l the int ensit y ofli ght pass i ng t hrough
 downloads_the information_in the first 3_columns of_the_routing table_100_for each of_its line cards_as the forwarding table._A router hosting_the_routing table 100 may download the first three columns of the routing table 100_as_a forwarding_table._FIG._1B (PRIOR ART) illustrates a_forwarding table 101 illustrated downloaded_into each_of the router's line cards.
Line cards host forwarding_tables_in order to_remove from the central processing unit the intensive task_of processing traffic. When a given_one of a_router's_line_cards receives traffic, the_line card processes the traffic to_determine the traffic's destination and forwards_the traffic to the outgoing physical interface_indicated by the line card's forwarding_table. For example, a line_card that_receives traffic destined for the_network device A_determines that_the traffic should_be forwarded to the interface 1_as indicated in_the forwarding table 101.
Unfortunately, a change_in_status of a_next_hop_or a_physical interface typically_affects_thousands of_entries_in the routing table. For example,_if_the physical interface 1 fails, then all_entries in the routing_table_100 that correspond to_the physical interface, must be_modified to a different interface. The_thousands of_modified entries_in the routing table 100 are then downloaded to each line_card. Downloading such a mass of_data to each line_card of_a_router consumes valuable_resources_of the_router (e.g., memories in the line cards,_system bus(es),_etc.) and can cause packets to_be dropped.
This problem is_exacerbated_when a route flap occurs. A_poorly connected wire at a physical_interface that fails intermittently typically_causes_a_route flap. The intermittent failure_causes repeated changes to entries in_the routing table_100. Each change in the routing table_100_caused by the route flap prompts_the_router to download the modified entries_of_the_routing table 100 to each_of the router's line cards. These_repeated changes and the downloading of path information for_thousands of entries_affected by the route flap_severely_impacts_performance of the router, if bringing it down completely.
BGP route_flap damping_as described in_Request for Comments (RFC) 2439 has been proposed as a_solution to route flaps. Unfortunately, BGP route_flap damping only limits the period of time a router will_be overloaded instead of solving the problems caused_by route flaps. Moreover, a router is_still exposed to failure_from_route flapping before BGP route flap damping_is_triggered._This_invention relates to_a polymer film_for smart window_and more_particularly, to the_polymer film_for smart window_which_can optionally control the intensity of light passing through