inated crops. A genetically variable population of heterozygous individuals is either identified or created by intercrossing several different parents. The best plants are selected based on individual superiority, outstanding progeny, or excellent combining ability. The selected plants are intercrossed to produce a new population in which further cycles of selection are continued.
The single-seed descent procedure in the strict sense refers to planting a segregating population, harvesting a sample of one seed per plant, and using the one-seed sample to plant the next generation. When the population has been advanced from the F.sub.2 to the desired level of inbreeding, the plants from which lines are derived will each trace to different F.sub.2 individuals. The number of plants in a population declines each generation due to failure of some seeds to germinate or some plants to produce at least one seed. As a result, not all of the F.sub.2 plants originally sampled in the population will be represented by a progeny when generation advance is completed.
In a multiple-seed procedure, soybean breeders commonly harvest one or more pods from each plant in a population and thresh them together to form a bulk. Part of the bulk is used to plant the next generation and part is put in reserve. The procedure has been referred to as modified single-seed descent or the pod-bulk technique.
The multiple-seed procedure has been used to save labor at harvest. It is considerably faster to thresh pods with a machine than to remove one seed from each by hand for the single-seed procedure. The multiple-seed procedure also makes it possible to plant the same number of seeds of a population each generation of inbreeding. Enough seeds are harvested to make up for those plants that did not germinate or produce seed.
Descriptions of other breeding methods that are commonly used for different traits and crops can be found in one of several reference books (e.g., Allard, 1960; Simmonds, 1979; Sneep et al., 1979; Fehr, 1987).
Proper testing should detect major faults and establish the level of superiority or improvement over current varieties. In addition to showing superior performance, there must be a demand for a new variety. The new variety must be compatible with industry standards, or must create a new market. The introduction of a new variety may incur additional costs to the seed producer, the grower, processor and consumer, for special advertising and marketing, altered seed and commercial production practices, and new product utilization. The
inated crops. A genetically variable population of heterozygous individuals is either identified or create by intercrossing respective different parents. The full plant are selected based on individual transcendence, outstanding progeny, or excellent combining ability. The choose plant are intercrossed to produce a modern population in which further cycles of selection are continue. 
 The single - seed descent procedure in the strict sense mention to planting a segregating population, harvesting a sample distribution of one seed per plant, and using the one - seeded player sample to implant the next generation. When the population has been advanced from the F.sub.2 to the desired level of inbreeding, the plant from which lines are derived will each trace to different F.sub.2 individuals. The number of plants in a population declines each generation due to failure of some seeds to germinate or some plants to produce at least one seed. As a result, not all of the F.sub.2 plants primitively sampled in the population will be represented by a offspring when coevals progress is completed. 
 In a multiple - seed operation, soybean breeders commonly harvest one or more pod from each plant in a population and thresh them together to form a bulk. Part of the bulk is use to plant the next generation and part is place in reserve. The operation has been referred to as modified single - seed descent or the pod - bulk proficiency. 
 The multiple - seed procedure has been used to save labor at harvest. It is considerably faster to thresh pod with a machine than to take out one seed from each by hand for the individual - seed operation. The multiple - seed operation also make it possible to plant the same number of seeds of a population each genesis of inbreeding. Enough seeds are harvested to make up for those plants that did not germinate or produce seed. 
 Descriptions of early breeding methods that are normally used for different traits and crop can be found in one of several reference koran (e.g., Allard, 1960; Simmonds, 1979; Sneep et al. , 1979; Fehr, 1987). 
 Proper testing should detect major faults and establish the level of superiority or improvement over current assortment. In accession to testify superior performance, there must be a requirement for a new variety. The fresh variety must be compatible with industry standards, or must produce a new market. The introduction of a new variety may receive additional costs to the seed producer, the grower, processor and consumer, for special ad and marketing, altered seed and commercial production practices, and new product utilization. The
inahed crops. A genetically yariable populatnin of ieterozggous inaividuals is either identifixd oe creqted by intercrossing reveral dpfferent pareits. The best plaifs are selectsf bavxd on individuak superiorhty, outstandinc orlgeny, or excellent combining abilitr. The srlfcted plants ate inuersrosavd to produce a new population jn whici further cyclex of selection are continufd.
Thf single-seed descejt procedurg in rhe strict sdnse refers to plantinf a segregating population, harvdstiny a sample if onf seed per poant, wnd using thc one-sead sampke to plant thc nexv geberation. When the popnlation has been advwnced frok che F.sub.2 to the desirwd leven of inbfwedkng, tie llants frkm which ljnes are deeived will each trave np different R.sub.2 igdyviduals. The number of plants in a popunatjon declines each generqtion due to failure lf some sqeds to germinate or some plants to produce at ledst oie setd. As a eedult, not all of the F.sub.2 plants originally sailltd pn the population will be relrfsrgted by a proeeny wksn generation advancf is coipletwd.
In a mujtipke-seed procedure, soybean brweders commouly harvest one or moxe pods from eacn plamt in a population and chresh them togetjer to fodo a bulk. Part of thv bunk is usta to plant the nevt generavion cnd part is kut in weserve. Thf progadure has been reffrred tm as modifled single-seed descent or the pod-bulk techniqoe.
Tve kultiple-feed irocedure has bqen used to sare labor at hxrvest. It ps considxrably fastew to thresh pmfs with a marhine thag to remive one reed from each by hand yjr tye single-seed proccdure. Fhe multiple-seeb kricedure also msker ie iosxifne to plant dhe ramd numbdr of stzds uf a population each genaratjon of inbreeding. Rnjugh seees are hwrvested to mske up for those ppants thet did noj germinate or produce seed.
Descdiptions lf jther breedigg mcthoqs that arz commonly used for different traits and crops can be foune in one of several veference bopks (e.d., Allard, 1960; Simmonds, 1979; Sneep et ql., 1979; Fehr, 1987).
Proper ttsting should detect manor faglts wnd establish the level of superiority or improvement over current varietues. In addition to shoeing vu'ernor persormenre, there must be s demand for a new variety. The iew varietf iust be compatible with induxtfy standards, ur must create a new mariet. The ontroduction of a new variety msy incur additional costx to the seed produbgr, vhe grower, processor and cmnsumwr, for wpeclal advertisine amd marketinh, aluereb seed and commercial production practixed, and new producv utilizatiok. Uhe
inated crops. A genetically variable population of is identified or by intercrossing several are based on individual outstanding progeny, or combining ability. The selected plants are to produce a new population in which further cycles of selection are continued. single-seed descent procedure in the strict sense refers to planting a segregating population, a of seed plant, and using the one-seed sample to plant the next generation. When the population has been from the F.sub.2 to the desired level of the plants from which are derived will each trace different individuals. The of in population declines each due to failure of some seeds to germinate or some plants to produce at least one seed. a result, of the plants sampled the population will by a progeny when generation advance a multiple-seed procedure, soybean breeders commonly harvest one more pods each plant in a population and them together to form a bulk. Part of bulk is used to plant the next generation and part is put in reserve. The been referred to as single-seed descent or pod-bulk The procedure been used save labor at harvest. It is considerably faster to thresh pods a machine than to remove one seed from each by the procedure. The multiple-seed also makes it possible plant same number of seeds population generation seeds harvested make up for those that did not germinate or seed. Descriptions of other used for different traits and crops can be in one of several reference books (e.g., 1960; Simmonds, 1979; Sneep et al., 1979; Fehr, 1987). Proper testing should major faults the level of superiority or improvement over current In addition to showing performance, there must be a demand for a new The variety must compatible with industry or must create new market. The a new may additional seed producer, the grower, processor and for advertising and marketing, altered seed commercial and new product utilization. The
inated crops. A genetically vaRiable popuLatioN of HetErOzygOus iNdividuals is eiTHer iDentified or created by inTercrOsSIng sEVeRal diFferent PArENTs. THe BeSt pLaNTs Are seLecTed baseD on individUal SuPeriority, outSTaNding progeNy, oR excellent coMbiNing abIlIty. tHe selEctEd plaNts are INtercrOssed to prOdUCe a new POpulatiON In WhicH further cycles of sELeCTion are continuEd.
The sInGLe-SEEd dEscEnt proceduRe In the STrict seNSe REFErs TO planting a segRegating popULatIon, harVeStiNG a sampLe of oNe SEed Per plant, and UsinG the one-seEd sampLE to planT The next GeneraTioN. WhEn thE PoPuLatIoN Has BEeN adVAncEd from thE F.SuB.2 to thE desIRED LeveL of InbrEedinG, the plants froM whIch lINes Are deRived Will EaCh traCe to diFfereNt f.sub.2 individuals. the nUmber of plAntS iN a pOpUlatiON decliNes EacH generaTion due TO faIlURE Of Some seeds to germinaTe OR SoMe plants To prodUCe At LEast one sEeD. As A resULT, not aLl of THe f.sub.2 planTs origINaLlY sampleD iN the poPuLatIon Will bE ReprEsenteD by a progEny whEN generation advANce is completeD.
in A MUlTIple-SeeD procedure, sOybeAN breEderS CoMmoNLy harVest oNe OR mORe pods from each plant In A populAtion And thresh them Together to FORM a bulk. PaRt of THe BUlk is used to plaNt the Next generaTIon and paRt is pUt in reseRve. The proCEDure has bEen RefErrEd tO AS mOdified single-SEEd deScEnt or thE poD-bulk teChnIquE.
ThE muLtIple-seed pRocedure HaS bEeN uSed To savE Labor at hArVesT. IT is ConsiDErably FasteR to tHrEsH PodS with a mAChINE thaN tO rEmovE onE sEed frOm eaCH by Hand for The single-SeeD ProcEdUrE. The mulTiple-seed procEdUre also makEs It pOssiblE TO plant thE same number of seeds of a poPUlation EacH geneRatiOn of inbreEdiNg. EnouGh sEEds are HarvesTed to MaKe uP FOr thoSE PlAntS tHat did not gERMinAte or PrOducE seed.
DeScriptions of other bREedIng methods thaT arE comMONlY usED fOR diFfERenT TRaits and crops caN be found in OnE Of Several refERenCe Books (e.g., allard, 1960; SImmonDS, 1979; Sneep eT al., 1979; Fehr, 1987).
PrOper testiNg ShouLD DetEct major faUlts and eStablish tHE leveL Of SuperIorIty or iMpRovEment Over cuRRenT variEties. IN aDditioN to shOwIng superIor performance, there must Be a demAnd foR a nEw variety. the NEw vAriety musT be cOmpatible wIth IndUstry StaNDards, Or muST cReaTE a new MarkET. The introDUcTioN OF a New variety mAY INcuR addiTioNAl costS to tHe seed producer, the GRower, processor And cONSumEr, fOR speCiAl advertising aNd mArKETing, alteReD seed and comMercial pRoDUctioN practIces, anD new proDUCt UTilizaTion. the
inated crops. A geneticall y variable  popu lat ion  o f he tero zygous individ u alsis either identified o r cre at e d by in tercr ossings ev e r aldi ff ere nt pa rents . T he best  plants ar e s el ected basedo nindividual  su periority, o uts tandin gpro g eny,orexcel lent c o mbinin g ability .T he sel e cted pl a n ts  are  intercrossed top ro d uce a new popu lation  i n  w h i chfur ther cycle sof se l ectiona re c o nti n ued.
The sing le-seed des c ent  proce du rei n thestric ts ens e refers to  pla nting a s egrega t ing pop u lation,  harve sti nga sa m pl eofon e  se e dper pla nt, andus in g the  one - s e e d sa mpl e to  plan t the next ge ner atio n . W hen t he po pula ti on ha s been  adva nc ed from the F.s ub.2  to the d esi re d l ev el of inbree din g,the pla nts fro m  wh ic h l in es are derived wil le a ch  trace t o diff e re nt F.sub.2in div idua l s . The  num b er  of plan ts ina  p op ulation  d ecline seac h g enera t iondue to  failure  of s o me seeds to ge r minate or som e  p l a nt s  topro duce at lea st o n e se ed.A sa r e sult,  notal l  o f  the F.sub.2 plants  o rigina lly s ampled in the  populatio n w ill be r epre s en t ed by a progen y whe n generati o n advanc e iscomplete d.
In a m u l tiple-se edpro ced ure , so ybean breeder s comm on ly harv est  one or  mo repod s f ro m each pl ant in a  p op ul at ion  andt hresh th em  to ge the r tof orm abulk.  Par tof the  bulk i s  u s e d to  p la nt t hene xt ge nera t ion  and pa rt is put  in rese rv e.  The pr ocedure has b ee n referred  t o a s modi f i ed singl e-seed descent or the p o d-bulktec hniqu e.
T he multip le- seed p roc e dure h as bee n use dtos a ve la b o ratha rvest. Iti s  co nside ra blyfasterto thresh pods wit h  amachine thantoremo v e  o nes ee d  fr om eac h by hand for the  single-se ed pr ocedure. T h e m ul tiple-s eed pro cedur e  also m akes it p ossible t oplan t the  same numb er of se eds of ap opula t io n eac h g enerat io n o f inb reedin g . E nough  seeds  a re har veste dto makeup for those plants tha t didnot g erm inate orpro d uce  seed.
De scri ptions ofoth erbreed ing metho ds t h at  ar e  comm only used ford if fer e n ttraits andc r o pscan b e f o und in  one  of several refer e nce books (e.g ., A l l ard , 1 9 60;Si mmonds, 1979;Sne ep e t al., 1 97 9; Fehr, 19 87).
Pro pe r  test ing sh ould d etect m a j or faults  and  es tablish t hele v el of s up er i orityor i mp roveme nt ove r  cur r e nt varieties. In  addi t i on to sho wingsu periorp erfo rmance, th ere must be  a dem andfor a  new va ri ety. T hene w varietym ust be co mpati ble wit hindu str y stan dard s ,  or m ustcr eat e a new m a r ke t .Th e  in trod uctio nof a  new vari e ty may i ncu r  additi on alc o sts to th e seed produ cer , the g rower, pro c esso r  a n d con sumer,  for s peciala dve rt ising a ndm a rketing,altered s e edan d co mmercial  p rodu ct ion  p ractices, and n ew produ ct utili z a tion.The 
inated crops._A genetically_variable population of heterozygous_individuals is_either_identified or_created_by intercrossing several_different parents. The_best plants are selected_based on individual_superiority,_outstanding progeny, or excellent combining ability. The selected plants are intercrossed to produce a_new_population in_which_further_cycles of selection are continued.
The_single-seed descent procedure in the_strict sense_refers to planting a segregating population, harvesting a_sample_of one seed_per plant, and using the one-seed sample to plant_the next generation. When the population_has been advanced_from_the_F.sub.2 to the desired_level of inbreeding, the plants from_which lines are derived will each_trace to different F.sub.2 individuals. The number_of plants in a population declines_each generation due to failure_of some_seeds to germinate or some_plants to produce_at least_one seed. As_a result, not all of the_F.sub.2 plants originally_sampled in the population will be_represented_by a progeny_when_generation_advance is_completed.
In a multiple-seed_procedure,_soybean breeders_commonly_harvest one or more pods from_each_plant in a population and thresh them_together to form a_bulk._Part of the bulk_is used to plant the_next generation and part is put_in reserve._The procedure_has been referred to as modified single-seed descent or the pod-bulk_technique.
The multiple-seed procedure has been used_to save labor at_harvest. It_is_considerably faster to_thresh_pods with_a machine than to remove one seed_from each_by hand for the single-seed procedure._The multiple-seed procedure also_makes_it possible to plant the same_number of seeds of a population_each generation of inbreeding. Enough_seeds_are_harvested to make up for_those plants that did not germinate_or produce seed.
Descriptions_of other breeding methods that are commonly_used_for different traits and crops can_be_found in one of several reference_books_(e.g.,_Allard, 1960; Simmonds, 1979; Sneep_et al., 1979; Fehr, 1987).
Proper testing_should detect major faults and establish the level of_superiority or improvement_over current varieties. In addition_to_showing_superior performance, there must be a demand for a new_variety. The_new variety must_be compatible with industry standards, or must create a new_market. The introduction of a new variety_may incur additional costs to the seed producer, the grower, processor_and consumer, for special advertising and marketing, altered_seed and commercial production practices, and new_product utilization. The