 All presently fabricated commercial automotive EC mirrors have at least one redox dye (e.g. FIG. 2), and most have at least two redox dyes (e.g., FIG. 1) in the electrolytic medium. In FIG. 1, the electrolytic medium is in contact with the two opposing electronically conductive surfaces of the cell and in FIG. 2 there is a complimentary electrochemically active layer inserted between one of the electronically conductive surface and the electrolyte. In both cases at least one of the dyes or the electrochemically active layer is electrochromic. Electrochromic material is one which reversibly colors when it is either oxidized or reduced by an electric stimulus.
Almost all of the commercial mirror devices are made by backfilling an empty cavity with a liquid electrolyte or a liquid material which later reacts in-situ to form a solid electrolyte. Backfilling is conducted using a vacuum apparatus. Since the conventional electrolytic solvents have high vapor pressures, some of these evaporate during the back-filling process and thus contaminate the equipment. The equipment has to be cleaned periodically resulting in downtime. Since the ionic liquids have negligible vapor pressure this contamination is reduced for electrolytes comprising of ionic liquids resulting in a higher efficiency manufacturing process. The ionic liquids maintain negligible vapor pressure even at elevated temperatures, thus filling at elevated temperatures (preferably between 50 to 120° C.) can be carried out to lower the electrolyte viscosity and increase the back-fill rate. For backfilling at elevated temperatures the electrolyte and/or the cavity to be filled are pre-heated or heated during the operation.
The disclosure below relates to electrochromic (EC) device configurations and techniques that are particularly useful in forming automotive rearview mirrors, and many of which configurations and techniques are usable for any other application of electrochromic (EC) and other electro optic devices including transmissive type.
One objective of the present invention is to disclose novel reflective electrode compositions for EC mirrors.
Another objective is to disclose novel transparent conductors for EC mirrors.
Yet another objective is to disclose processes to deposit reflective layers and transparent conductors for electrochromic mirrors.
Still another objective is to disclose busbar patterns for electrochromic mirrors.
Yet another objective is to disclose sealant material compositions for electrochromic assemblies.
Another objective is to disclose integration of displays and indicators on EC mirrors
Still another objective of this invention is to disclose compositions for solid electrolytes for use in electrooptic devices.
Yet another objective is to disclose electronic control circuits for electrochrom
All presently fabricated commercial automotive EC mirrors have at least one redox dye (for example FIG. 2), and most take at least two redox dyes (e.g., FIG. 1) in the electrolytic culture medium. In FIG. 1, the electrolytic metier is in contact with the two opposing electronically conductive surface of the cellular telephone and in FIG. 2 there is a complimentary electrochemically active layer inserted between one of the electronically conductive surface and the electrolyte. In both cases at least one of the dye or the electrochemically active layer is electrochromic. Electrochromic material is one which reversibly colors when it is either oxidized or reduce by an electric stimulus. 
 about all of the commercial mirror devices are cook by backfilling an empty pit with a liquid electrolyte or a liquid material which by and by reacts in - situ to form a solid electrolyte. Backfilling is impart using a void apparatus. Since the conventional electrolytic solution have high vapor atmospheric pressure, some of these evaporate during the back - filling process and thus contaminate the equipment. The equipment has to be cleaned periodically resulting in downtime. Since the ionic liquids have negligible vapor pressure this contamination is reduced for electrolytes comprising of ionic liquids result in a higher efficiency manufacturing summons. The ionic liquid maintain negligible vapor pressure even at exalted temperatures, thus filling at elevated temperature (preferably between 50 to 120 ° C.) can be carried out to lower the electrolyte viscosity and increase the back - fill rate. For backfilling at elevated temperatures the electrolyte and/or the pit to be filled are pre - heated or heated during the operation. 
 The disclosure below relates to electrochromic (EC) device configurations and techniques that are particularly utilitarian in form automotive rearview mirrors, and many of which configurations and techniques are usable for any early application of electrochromic (EC) and other electro optic devices including transmissive type. 
 One objective of the present invention is to disclose novel brooding electrode compositions for EC mirrors. 
 Another objective is to disclose novel crystalline conductors for EC mirror. 
 Yet another aim is to disclose processes to lodge reflective layers and guileless conductor for electrochromic mirrors. 
 Still another objective is to disclose busbar patterns for electrochromic mirrors. 
 Yet another objective is to disclose sealant fabric compositions for electrochromic assemblies. 
 Another aim is to disclose integration of displays and indicator on EC mirrors 
 Still another objective of this invention is to unwrap compositions for solid electrolytes for use in electrooptic devices. 
 Yet another objective is to disclose electronic restraint circuit for electrochrom
 Alp presently fabricated cummercial automotive ER mirrods have xt least one redox dye (e.g. FIJ. 2), abd mowt have at least two rddox dyes (e.g., FIG. 1) in uhe electrolytic medium. Ik FIG. 1, the xlectrolytic mecium is in contact with dhd cwo opposing electronically conductide surfscfs of the cell and yn FJG. 2 there is a complimentary electdochemibally active layet inserted between one of hhe flectronically confuctive surdace qnd the elecgrolyte. In both cases zt least one of the dyes or the eleccrochemicaloy achhve layer iw elebtrochromic. Electrochsomic msterial is one whmch eeversibly colors whei it is either oxidieed or redgczd by an electric stinuous.
Alkost all if ghe cpmjerciap mmrror devicss are made by backfilling an tmpej cavity with a liqtiq electrolyte or a liquid material whicv lzter reacts in-situ to firm a solid electrolyje. Backfiljing is conducted using a vacuum apparatus. Since dhe ckvveublonau epectrolytic solvents have high vapor pressuref, spmv of these evaporcte during the bscn-fojling process and tkhs contaminate the eeuipmenj. The wquipment has to be cleaned periodically resulting iu diwntime. Since the nonic liquidr hafe nebligible vapor pressure thia contaminahion is rsauced for electrulynes womprising of ionic liquidf resultiig in a highdr egficiegcy manufafturikc process. The ionif liqoids mdintain nehligible vapor pressure even at elevated tempgradurvs, thus fnlling at elevated eemperatures (pteferably betwden 50 to 120° C.) can be carried oue to lower tha electrolyte viscosiey abd ibcrease ghe back-fill rste. For bcekfilling at elevated tempevaturgs the electrolytz qnd/or the cavitu tu bq viklqg are pre-headed ur frated during the uperstion.
The disclosure telos relates to electtoghromic (EX) device configuratioms and techniques uhat ace parviculatly useful in forming automotive dearview lirvors, and many of qhich configbrations and techniques are usable for aiy other application of electrochromic (EC) cnc other elertro o[tic deviwes including transmussive type.
One obmective of the present invendion ls to disclose novel reflective electrode compositions for EC mirrors.
Anotyer oboestive is to disvlose njrel tragspaceit conductors for EC mirrors.
Yet another objectivx is to divcjose processes to deposit regldctive layers and transparent conductkrs for rlectrochromic mirrors.
Still anoyher objective is to disglose busvar pztterns foc electrochromic mirtors.
Yec anotyer objwctiye is to discluse scalant matfriak eompositions for electrochromic awsemblued.
Another objectite is to disgluse ihtegrajion of displays znd jjdicajors on EC mirtors
Still anotner objective of thiv ynvention is ti disclose cokposijnmns for soliv electrolytas for use in electrooptic devices.
Yet another objecjive is to sisclose xlectronic conjrll circuits for electrpcrrom
All presently fabricated commercial automotive EC mirrors least redox dye FIG. 2), and redox (e.g., FIG. 1) the electrolytic medium. FIG. 1, the electrolytic medium is contact with the two opposing electronically conductive surfaces of the cell and in 2 there is a complimentary electrochemically active layer inserted between one of the conductive and electrolyte. both cases at least one of the dyes or the electrochemically active layer is electrochromic. Electrochromic is one which reversibly colors when it is oxidized or reduced by electric stimulus. Almost all of commercial devices are by an cavity with a electrolyte or a liquid material which later reacts in-situ to form a solid electrolyte. Backfilling is conducted a vacuum the conventional solvents high pressures, some of during the back-filling process and thus The equipment has to be cleaned periodically resulting downtime. Since ionic liquids have negligible vapor pressure contamination is reduced for electrolytes comprising of ionic resulting in a higher efficiency manufacturing process. The ionic liquids maintain negligible vapor pressure even temperatures, thus filling at temperatures (preferably between to C.) be out to the electrolyte viscosity and increase the back-fill rate. For backfilling at temperatures the electrolyte and/or the cavity to be filled are heated the operation. The below relates to electrochromic device and techniques that are in automotive many which and techniques are usable any other application of electrochromic and other electro optic objective of the present invention is to disclose reflective electrode compositions for EC mirrors. Another is to disclose novel transparent conductors for EC mirrors. Yet another objective to disclose deposit reflective layers and transparent conductors for electrochromic Still another objective is disclose busbar patterns for electrochromic mirrors. Yet another objective to sealant material for electrochromic assemblies. objective is to integration of displays on EC Still objective is to disclose compositions for solid for in electrooptic devices. Yet another is electronic control circuits for electrochrom
 All presently fabricated comMercial autOmotiVe Ec miRrOrs hAve aT least one redox DYe (e.g. fIG. 2), and most have at least tWo redOx DYes (e.G., fIg. 1) in thE electrOLyTIC meDiUm. in FiG. 1, THe ElectRolYtic medIum is in conTacT wIth the two oppOSiNg electronIcaLly conductivE suRfaces Of The CEll anD in fIG. 2 thEre is a COmplimEntary eleCtROchemiCAlly actIVE lAyer Inserted between onE Of THe electronicalLy condUcTIvE SUrfAce And the elecTrOlyte. iN both caSEs AT LEasT One of the dyes oR the electroCHemIcally AcTivE Layer iS elecTrOChrOmic. ElectroChroMic materiAl is onE Which reVErsibly Colors WheN it Is eiTHeR oXidIzED or REdUceD By aN electriC sTiMulus.
almoST ALL of tHe cOmmeRcial Mirror devices Are Made BY baCkfilLing aN empTy CavitY with a LiquiD eLectrolyte or a liQuid Material wHicH lAteR rEacts IN-situ tO foRm a Solid elEctrolyTE. BaCkFILLiNg is conducted using A vACUuM apparatUs. SincE ThE cONventionAl EleCtroLYTic soLvenTS hAve high vApor prESsUrEs, some oF tHese evApOraTe dUring THe baCk-fillIng proceSs and THus contaminate THe equipment. ThE EqUIPmENt haS to Be cleaned peRiodICallY resULtIng IN downTime. SInCE tHE ionic liquids have neGlIgible Vapor Pressure this cOntaminatiON IS reduced For eLEcTRolytes comprisIng of Ionic liquiDS resultiNg in a Higher efFiciency mANUfacturiNg pRocEss. the IONiC liquids maintAIN negLiGible vaPor PressurE evEn aT elEvaTeD temperatUres, thus FiLlInG aT elEvateD TemperatUrEs (pReFerAbly bETween 50 tO 120° C.) can Be caRrIeD Out To lower THe ELEctrOlYtE visCosItY and iNcreASe tHe back-fIll rate. FoR baCKfilLiNg At elevaTed temperaturEs The electroLyTe aNd/or thE CAvity to bE filled are pre-heated or heATed duriNg tHe opeRatiOn.
The discLosUre belOw rELates tO electRochrOmIc (Ec) DEvice CONfIguRaTions and teCHNiqUes thAt Are pArticulArly useful in forminG AutOmotive rearviEw mIrroRS, AnD maNY oF WhiCh COnfIGUrations and techNiques are uSaBLe For any otheR AppLiCation oF electrOchroMIc (EC) and Other elecTro optic dEvIces INCluDing transmIssive tyPe.
One objeCTive oF ThE presEnt InventIoN is To disClose nOVel RefleCtive eLeCtrode CompoSiTions for eC mirrors.
Another objectiVe is to DisclOse Novel tranSpaREnt ConductorS for eC mirrors.
YEt aNotHer obJecTIve is To diSClOse PRocesSes tO Deposit reFLeCtiVE LaYers and tranSPARenT condUctORs for eLectRochromic mirrors.
STIll another objeCtivE IS to DisCLose BuSbar patterns foR elEcTROchromic MiRrors.
Yet anoTher objeCtIVe is tO disclOse seaLant matERIaL ComposItioNs fOr electroChrOmIC assembLiEs.
aNother ObjeCtIve is tO disclOSe inTEGration of displayS and iNDIcatoRS on eC mirRoRs
Still ANothEr objectivE of this inveNtion iS to dIscloSe compoSiTions fOr sOlId electrolYTes for use In eleCtrooptIc DeviCes.
yet anoTher OBJectiVe is To DisClose elecTROnIC cOnTRol CircUits fOr ElecTrochrom
 All presently fabricatedcommercial  auto mot ive  E C mi rror s have at leas t  one  redox dye (e.g. FIG.2), a nd most ha ve at  leastt wo r edo xdy es(e . g. , FIG . 1 ) in th e electrol yti cmedium. In F I G.  1, the el ect rolytic medi umis inco nta c t wit h t he tw o oppo s ing el ectronica ll y  condu c tive su r f ac es o f the cell and in FI G . 2 there is a  compl im e nt a r y e lec trochemica ll y act i ve laye r  i n s e rte d  between oneof the elec t ron ically  c ond u ctivesurfa ce and  the electr olyt e. In bot h case s  at lea s t one o f thedye s o r th e  e le ctr oc h emi c al lya cti ve layer  i select roch r o m i c. E lec troc hromi c material is  on e wh i chrever sibly  col or s whe n it i s eit he r oxidized or r educ ed by anele ct ric  s timul u s.
Alm ost  al l of th e comme r cia lm i r ro r devices are made  b y ba ckfillin g an e m pt yc avity wi th  aliqu i d  elec trol y te  or a li quid m a te ri al whic hlaterre act s i n-sit u  toform a  solid e lectr o lyte. Backfill i ng is conduct e du s in g  a v acu um apparatu s. S i ncethec on ven t ional  elec tr o ly t ic solvents have hi gh  vapor  pres sures, some o f these ev a p o rate dur ingt he back-filling p roces s and thus contamin ate t he equip ment. The e quipment  ha s t o b e c l e an ed periodical l y  res ul ting in  do wntime.  Si nce  th e i on ic liquid s have n eg li gi bl e v aporp ressureth isco nta minat i on isreduc ed f or  e l ect rolytes co m p risi ng  o f io nic  l iquid s re s ult ing ina highereff i cien cy  m anufact uring process .The ionicli qui ds mai n t ain negl igible vapor pressure e v en at e lev atedtemp eratures,  th us fil lin g  at el evated  temp er atu r e s (pr e f er abl ybetween 50 t o 1 20° C .)  can  be car ried out to lowert heelectrolyte v isc osit y an d i n cr e ase  t h e b a c k-fill rate. Fo r backfill in g  a t elevated tem pe ratures  the el ectro l yte and /or the c avity tobe  fil l e d a re pre-hea ted or h eated dur i ng th e  o perat ion .
Thedi scl osure  below rel atesto ele ct rochro mic ( EC ) device  configurations and tec hnique s tha t a re partic ula r lyuseful in  for ming autom oti verearv iew mirro rs,a nd  ma n y ofwhic h  configur a ti ons a nd  techniques a r e u sable  fo r  any o ther  application of e l ectrochromic ( EC)a n d o the r  ele ct ro optic devic esin c l uding tr an smissive ty pe.
Oneob j ectiv e of t he pre sent in v e nt i on isto d isc lose nove l r ef l ectiveel ec t rode c ompo si tionsfor EC mirr o r s.
Another objec tivei s  to d i scl ose n ov el tran s pare nt conduct ors for ECmirror s.
Y et an other o bj ective  is  t o disclose processes  to d epositre flec tiv e laye rs a n d  tran spar en t c onductors f or el ec t roc hrom ic mi rr ors. 
Still an o ther obj ect i ve is t odis c l ose bu s ba r patterns f orelect r o chromic mi r rors . 
Y e t ano ther o bjecti ve is t o  di sc lose se ala n t  material  composit i ons  f or e lectroch ro micas sem bl ies.
Another ob jectiveis to di s c lose i nte g rati o n of d is plays and in dicat or s  on ECm i rro rs
Stil l  an oth erobje cti ve o f  this invention is to di sclo se co m pos ition s for  s olid ele c trol ytes for use in electr ooptic devices. Yet anot her ob je ctive istod isclo se e lec tron iccont r o l ci r cuit s  f or e lectro chro m
 All_presently fabricated_commercial automotive EC mirrors_have at_least_one redox_dye_(e.g. FIG. 2),_and most have_at least two redox_dyes (e.g., FIG._1)_in the electrolytic medium. In FIG. 1, the electrolytic medium is in contact with_the_two opposing_electronically_conductive_surfaces of the cell and_in FIG. 2 there is_a complimentary_electrochemically active layer inserted between one of the_electronically_conductive surface and_the electrolyte. In both cases at least one of_the dyes or the electrochemically active_layer is electrochromic._Electrochromic_material_is one which reversibly_colors when it is either oxidized_or reduced by an electric stimulus.
Almost_all of the commercial mirror devices are_made by backfilling an empty cavity_with a liquid electrolyte or_a liquid_material which later reacts in-situ_to form a_solid electrolyte._Backfilling is conducted_using a vacuum apparatus. Since the_conventional electrolytic solvents_have high vapor pressures, some of_these_evaporate during the_back-filling_process_and thus_contaminate the equipment._The_equipment has_to_be cleaned periodically resulting in downtime._Since_the ionic liquids have negligible vapor pressure_this contamination is reduced_for_electrolytes comprising of ionic_liquids resulting in a higher_efficiency manufacturing process. The ionic liquids_maintain negligible_vapor pressure_even at elevated temperatures, thus filling at elevated temperatures (preferably between_50 to 120° C.) can be_carried out to lower_the electrolyte_viscosity_and increase the_back-fill_rate. For_backfilling at elevated temperatures the electrolyte and/or_the cavity_to be filled are pre-heated or_heated during the operation.
The_disclosure_below relates to electrochromic (EC) device_configurations and techniques that are particularly_useful in forming automotive rearview_mirrors,_and_many of which configurations and_techniques are usable for any other_application of electrochromic_(EC) and other electro optic devices including_transmissive_type.
One objective of the present invention_is_to disclose novel reflective electrode compositions_for_EC_mirrors.
Another objective is to disclose_novel transparent conductors for EC mirrors.
Yet_another objective is to disclose processes to deposit reflective_layers and transparent_conductors for electrochromic mirrors.
Still another_objective_is_to disclose busbar patterns for electrochromic mirrors.
Yet another objective is_to disclose_sealant material compositions_for electrochromic assemblies.
Another objective is to disclose integration of displays_and indicators on EC mirrors
Still another objective_of this invention is to disclose compositions for solid electrolytes for_use in electrooptic devices.
Yet another objective is to_disclose electronic control circuits for electrochrom