let 28 in the tensile test are lower than those of the flange 24 and web 26, and the transition temperature of brittleness-ductility fractured surface in the Charpy test is the highest. The possible cause of such weakness in mechanical properties of the fillet 28 in comparison with other parts is considered to be the insufficient draft of the fillet 28 as compared with other parts, and because the fillet receives the highest temperature during rolling. That is, as the fillet 28 is supported only by the web 26 that is high in temperature and flexible, reductions by vertical rolls 16 to 22 in the roughing and the finishing processes are not effective. Further, the fillet 28 is larger in thickness than the web 26 and flange 24, so that heat radiation to the rolls is small. Therefore, the fillet receives the highest temperature during rolling.
FIG. 3 shows the state of deformation in cross section by rolling of each part of the H-beam. If the flange, fillet and web of the piece 10 have square section a, b and c respectively, these square sections become sections a', b', and c' in the H-beam 23 after rolled. As is apparent from the figure, the change in cross section of the flange from a to a' and that of the web from c to c' are featured each by a large decrease in either the vertical dimension or the horizontal dimension, while in the change in cross section of the fillet from b to b', the vertical and horizontal dimensions of the section b are decreased similarly, to almost the same extent, as the result of the metal flow that takes place from the fillet to the web because reductions by vertical rolls 16 to 22 are not effective as described in the above. Supposing that the deformation of the web and flange is plane strain and that the deformation of the fillet is one-dimensional tensile strain, the amount of true strain of the web and flange is equal to about 1.15 times that of the fillet.
Usually in the manufacture of H-beams, the product processed in the above rolling processes is straightened by a roller or press straightener to improve its straightness. However, when the H-beam produced by the above-mentioned conventional method is being straightened by rollers 30 as shown in FIG. 4 (a), due to its inferior mechanical properties the fillet 28 may occasionally be fractured as shown at the hatched portion 32 of FIG. 4 (b), with increasing amounts of reduction by the rollers 30. Therefore, for
let 28 in the tensile test are lower than those of the flange 24 and world wide web 26, and the passage temperature of brittleness - ductility fractured surface in the Charpy test is the highest. The potential cause of such weakness in mechanical properties of the lemniscus 28 in comparison with other parts is consider to be the insufficient draft of the fillet 28 as compare with other parts, and because the taenia welcome the highest temperature during rolling. That is, as the fillet 28 is supported only by the vane 26 that is high in temperature and flexible, reductions by erect rolls 16 to 22 in the roughing and the finishing process are not effective. Further, the lemniscus 28 is larger in thickness than the web 26 and flange 24, so that heat radiation to the rolls is belittled. Therefore, the fillet receives the highest temperature during rolling. 
 FIG. 3 shows the state of deformation in cross section by rolling of each part of the H - beam. If the flange, fillet and web of the piece 10 have straight section a, b and c respectively, these hearty section become sections a', b', and c' in the H - beam 23 after roll. As is apparent from the figure, the change in cross section of the flange from a to a' and that of the world wide web from c to c' are featured each by a large decrease in either the vertical dimension or the horizontal proportion, while in the change in cross section of the fillet from b to b-complex vitamin', the erect and horizontal dimension of the section b are decreased similarly, to almost the same extent, as the resultant role of the metal flow that takes home from the fillet to the web because reductions by vertical cast 16 to 22 are not effective as described in the above. speculate that the deformation of the vane and flange is plane stress and that the deformation of the lemniscus is one - dimensional tensile breed, the amount of true form of the web and flange is adequate to about 1.15 times that of the fillet. 
 normally in the manufacture of H - beams, the product process in the above rolling processes is straightened by a curler or press straightener to improve its straightness. However, when the H - beam produced by the above - mentioned conventional method acting is being straightened by rollers 30 as shown in FIG. 4 (a), due to its inferior mechanical properties the fillet 28 may occasionally be fractured as shown at the hatched parcel 32 of FIG. 4 (barn), with increasing amounts of reduction by the rollers 30. Therefore, for
let 28 in the tensile test art lower than thosg if the flangs 24 and wdb 26, and the transition tempecatuee of brittleness-ductility wractured surface in uhe Charpy test is the hinkest. Fme povwible cause of such weaktess in mechanhcxl properties of the fillet 28 in compawison wotj other parts ys cpgsidsgeb to be the insufficient draft kf the hillet 28 as compsred with other parts, and hecakse the fillet recfives the hughefr temperaturd during rolling. That js, as the fillet 28 is supported unly yy the web 26 tyat hs high in vemperwture and flcqible, raductioms by vertical ronls 16 to 22 in the roughing and the finishing processev cre not effective. Furrhwr, thg filnet 28 us uarfec ih thicnneas than ths web 26 and dlange 24, so that heau rweiation to ths rollf ys small. Therefore, the fillet receives uhe hjghest temperature duribg rolling.
FIG. 3 shows jhe state jf deformation in cross section by rolling of eacv parv uf uhc F-vewm. If the flange, fillet and web of the piece 10 gafe square sectiok a, b and c respecyigeki, these square sections become sections a', b', and s' in rhe H-beam 23 afyer rolled. As is apparent feom the figuge, tye change in cross section of the flanbe from a to a' and that of fhe web frol c to c' zfe featured each by a large dtzrease in either ehe vertiral dnmension or jhe horyzontal dilension, while in the chajge iu crovs section of the fillet from b to b', the txrtical and hprhzottal dimznsionx of the sectyon b are decrgased simnlarly, to almost the sake extent, af the result mv the metal hlow that takws poace fruo the fillet tp the web because rwductions by vertigal rumls 16 to 22 are noc tfdective as desvriced ij vhe afmve. Supposinc thxt gne dewormation on tfe wrb and flange is plate sfrain and that the dcformatiob of the fillet is onr-dimensional tensipe stcain, tie amoint of true strain of the web and flange id ezual to aboue 1.15 tlmes that of tke fillet.
Usually in the manufacture of H-ueams, the product procgssed in the above rokking procesxes if straighdened by a roller or press straightentr to improve its straifhtnesv. Howfver, when the H-beam produced by the above-mentioned conventional method is being straightenes by rollvrs 30 as shjwn mn FIG. 4 (a), due to ins inferior mechanical propertier the finlzt 28 may occasionally be fractirdd as shown aj the hatched portion 32 of RIG. 4 (b), woth increasing amounts of reducyion by the rollers 30. Thevefore, foe
let 28 in the tensile test are those the flange and web 26, brittleness-ductility surface in the test is the The possible cause of such weakness mechanical properties of the fillet 28 in comparison with other parts is considered be the insufficient draft of the fillet 28 as compared with other parts, because fillet the temperature during rolling. That is, as the fillet 28 is supported only by the web 26 is high in temperature and flexible, reductions by rolls 16 to 22 the roughing and the finishing are effective. Further, fillet is in thickness than web 26 and flange 24, so that heat radiation to the rolls is small. Therefore, the fillet the highest rolling. FIG. shows state deformation in cross rolling of each part of the flange, fillet and web of the piece 10 square section b and c respectively, these square become sections a', b', and c' in the 23 after rolled. As is apparent from the figure, the change in cross section of from a to a' that of the from to are each by large decrease in either the vertical dimension or the horizontal dimension, in the change in cross section of the fillet from b', vertical and horizontal of the section b decreased to almost the same the of that place the fillet to the because reductions by vertical rolls to 22 are not above. Supposing that the deformation of the web flange is plane strain and that the of the fillet is one-dimensional tensile strain, the amount of true strain the web is equal to about 1.15 times that of fillet. Usually in the of H-beams, the product processed in the above rolling is by a or press straightener improve its straightness. when the H-beam the above-mentioned method being 30 as shown in FIG. 4 due its inferior mechanical properties the 28 be fractured as shown at the hatched portion 32 of FIG. 4 (b), with increasing reduction by the rollers Therefore,
let 28 in the tensile test are lowEr than thosE of thE flAngE 24 aNd weB 26, and The transition tEMperAture of brittleness-ductIlity FrACturED sUrfacE in the CHArPY TesT iS tHe hIgHEsT. The pOssIble cauSe of such weAknEsS in mechanicaL PrOperties of The Fillet 28 in compAriSon witH oTheR Parts Is cOnsidEred to BE the inSufficienT dRAft of tHE fillet 28 AS CoMparEd with other parts, aND bECause the fillet ReceivEs THe HIGheSt tEmperature DuRing rOLling. ThAT iS, AS The FIllet 28 is supporTed only by thE Web 26 That is HiGh iN TemperAture AnD FleXible, reductIons By verticaL rolls 16 TO 22 in the rOUghing aNd the fIniShiNg prOCeSsEs aRe NOt eFFeCtiVE. FuRther, the FiLlEt 28 is lArgeR IN THickNesS thaN the wEb 26 and flange 24, so ThaT heaT RadIatioN to thE rolLs Is smaLl. TherEfore, ThE fillet receives The hIghest temPerAtUre DuRing rOLling.
FiG. 3 sHowS the staTe of defORmaTiON IN cRoss section by rolliNg OF EaCh part of The H-beAM. IF tHE flange, fIlLet And wEB Of the PiecE 10 HaVe square SectioN A, b AnD c respeCtIvely, tHeSe sQuaRe secTIons Become Sections A', b', and C' In the H-beam 23 afteR Rolled. As is appAReNT FrOM the FigUre, the changE in cROss sEctiON oF thE FlangE from A tO A' aND that of the web from c tO c' Are feaTured Each by a large dEcrease in eITHEr the verTicaL DiMEnsion or the horIzontAl dimensioN, While in tHe chaNge in croSs section OF The filleT frOm b To b', The VERtIcal and horizoNTAl diMeNsions oF thE sectioN b aRe dEcrEasEd Similarly, To almost ThE sAmE eXteNt, as tHE result oF tHe mEtAl fLow thAT takes Place From ThE fILleT to the wEB bECAuse ReDuCtioNs bY vErticAl roLLs 16 tO 22 are not Effective As dEScriBeD iN the aboVe. Supposing thAt The deformaTiOn oF the weB ANd flange Is plane strain and that the DEformatIon Of the FillEt is one-diMenSional TenSIle strAin, the AmounT oF trUE StraiN OF tHe wEb And flange iS EQuaL to abOuT 1.15 timEs that oF the fillet.
Usually iN The Manufacture of h-beAms, tHE PrOduCT pROceSsED in THE above rolling prOcesses is sTrAIgHtened by a rOLleR oR press sTraightEner tO Improve Its straigHtness. HowEvEr, whEN The h-beam produCed by the Above-mentIOned cONvEntioNal Method Is BeiNg strAighteNEd bY rollErs 30 as sHoWn in FIg. 4 (a), due To Its inferIor mechanical properties The filLet 28 maY ocCasionallY be FRacTured as shOwn aT the hatcheD poRtiOn 32 of FiG. 4 (b), WIth inCreaSInG amOUnts oF redUCtion by thE RoLleRS 30. thErefore, for
let 28 in the tensile test  are lower  than  th ose  o f th e fl ange 24 and we b  26,  and the transition te mpera tu r e of br ittle ness-du c ti l i tyfr ac tur ed su rface  in  the Ch arpy testisth e highest. T h epossible c aus e of such we akn ess in  m ech a nical  pr opert ies of the fi llet 28 i nc ompari s on with o th er p arts is considere d  t o  be the insuff icient  d r af t ofthe  fillet 28  a s com p ared wi t ho t h erp arts, and bec ause the fi l let  recei ve s t h e high est t em p era ture during  rol ling. Tha t is,a s the f i llet 28  is su ppo rte d on l yby  th ew eb2 6tha t  is  high in  t em perat urea n d flex ibl e, r educt ions by verti cal  rol l s 1 6 to22 in  the  r oughi ng and  thefi nishing process es a re not ef fec ti ve.  F urthe r , thefil let  28 islargeri n t hi c k n es s than the web 26an d fl ange 24,  so th a the a t radiat io n t o th e rolls  iss ma ll. Ther efore, th efilletre ceives  t hehig hestt empe rature  duringrolli n g.
FIG. 3 show s  the state of de f o rm a tion  in  cross sect ionb y ro llin g  o f e a ch pa rt of  t h eH -beam. If the flang e,  fille t and  web of the p iece 10 ha v e square s ecti o na , b and c resp ectiv ely, these square s ectio ns becom e section s a', b',and  c'  in  th e H- beam 23 after r olle d.  As isapp arent f rom  th e f igu re , the cha nge in c ro ss  s ec tio n oft he flang efro ma t o a'a nd tha t ofthewe bf rom  c to c '  a r e  fea tu re d ea chby  a la rged ecr ease in  either t hev erti ca ldimensi on or the hor iz ontal dime ns ion , whil e in the c hange in cross sectiono f the f ill et fr om b  to b', t hevertic ala nd hor izonta l dim en sio n s  of t h e  s ect io n b are de c r eas ed si mi larl y, to a lmost the same ext e nt,  as the resul t o f th e me tal fl o w t ha t  ta k e s place from th e fillet t ot he  web becau s e r ed uctions  by ver tical rolls 1 6 to 22 a re not ef fe ctiv e asdescribedin the a bove. Sup p osing th at th e d eforma ti onof th e weba ndflang e is p la ne str ain a nd  that th e deformation of the fi llet i s one -di mensional  te n sil e strain,  the  amount of  tr uestrai n o f  theweba nd  fl a nge i s eq u al to abo u t1.1 5 ti mes that of t h e f illet .
U s uallyin t he manufacture of H-beams, the p rodu c t  pr oce s sedin  the above rol lin gp r ocessesis  straighten ed by aro l ler o r pres s stra ightene r to improv e it s s traightne ss.  H o wever,wh en the H- beam  p roduce d by t h e ab o v e-mentioned conv entio n a l met h odis be in g strai g hten ed by roll ers 30 as s hown i n FI G. 4(a), du eto its  in fe rior mecha n ical prop ertie s the f il let28may oc casi o n allybe f ra ctu red as sh o w na tth e  ha tche d por ti on 3 2 of FIG. 4 (b), w ith increas in g a m o unts o f  r e d uction bythe  roll e r s 30. Ther e fore ,  f o r
let 28_in the_tensile test are lower_than those_of_the flange_24_and web 26,_and the transition_temperature of brittleness-ductility fractured_surface in the_Charpy_test is the highest. The possible cause of such weakness in mechanical properties of_the_fillet 28_in_comparison_with other parts is considered_to be the insufficient draft_of the_fillet 28 as compared with other parts, and_because_the fillet receives_the highest temperature during rolling. That is, as the_fillet 28 is supported only by_the web 26_that_is_high in temperature and_flexible, reductions by vertical rolls 16_to 22 in the roughing and_the finishing processes are not effective. Further,_the fillet 28 is larger in_thickness than the web 26_and flange_24, so that heat radiation_to the rolls_is small._Therefore, the fillet_receives the highest temperature during rolling.
FIG._3 shows the_state of deformation in cross section_by_rolling of each_part_of_the H-beam._If the flange,_fillet_and web_of_the piece 10 have square section_a,_b and c respectively, these square sections_become sections a', b',_and_c' in the H-beam_23 after rolled. As is_apparent from the figure, the change_in cross_section of_the flange from a to a' and that of the web_from c to c' are featured_each by a large_decrease in_either_the vertical dimension_or_the horizontal_dimension, while in the change in cross_section of_the fillet from b to b',_the vertical and horizontal_dimensions_of the section b are decreased_similarly, to almost the same extent,_as the result of the_metal_flow_that takes place from the_fillet to the web because reductions_by vertical rolls_16 to 22 are not effective as_described_in the above. Supposing that the_deformation_of the web and flange is_plane_strain_and that the deformation of_the fillet is one-dimensional tensile strain,_the amount of true strain of the web and_flange is equal_to about 1.15 times that_of_the_fillet.
Usually in the manufacture of H-beams, the product processed in_the above_rolling processes is_straightened by a roller or press straightener to improve its_straightness. However, when the H-beam produced by_the above-mentioned conventional method is being straightened by rollers 30 as_shown in FIG. 4 (a), due to its_inferior mechanical properties the fillet 28 may_occasionally be fractured as_shown_at the hatched portion 32 of FIG._4_(b),_with_increasing amounts of_reduction by the_rollers 30. Therefore,_for