 electrically driven pump actuated by a timed circuit. This is very similar to the third embodiment of Takahashi et al. As before, the pressure at which the vortex forms is a consequence of the resilience of the valves, and the duration of the pulse is also determined by this pressure and the volume of the tubing feeding the valve. Failure or jamming of the valve will compromise the operation of the device.
The method described by Whiteis, U.S. Pat. No. 6,488,270, is somewhat different and allows gas to flow from a pressurized source and to build up in a contained pocket under a plate. This plate tilts around a pivot in response to the buoyancy of the gas buildup. This directs the gas to a nozzle and allows it to momentarily escape into the surrounding liquid. The weight of the plate terminates the flow once a certain volume of gas has been expended. Therefore, although the device does not have a valve in the usual sense, the tilting plate clearly acts as a valve to create the required momentary flow of gas. If the mechanism fails or jams, the device will no longer generate rings. In a second, but different device by the same inventor, Whiteis, U.S. Pat. No. 6,736,375, the gas is captured within an inverted bell-like container and is released by an operator momentarily depressing a lever. This opens a valve at the top of the bell thereby creating a flow out of the container. The duration of the flow is determined by the skill of the operator so that some human intervention is required for the device to work.
Finally, an alternative device, developed by the present inventor, U.S. Pat. No. 6,824,125, uses an electric solenoid valve and timing circuit to open and close the flow from a pressure accumulator through a specially configured nozzle. Because of the short time that the valve is open, and because of unique features of the design of the nozzle exit that control capillary effects, very controlled exit flow can be established. Additionally, the sudden acceleration of the flow through the nozzle generates the fluid dynamic vorticity that is known to be essential to the formation of vortex rings. These two features allow very repeatable vortex ring bubbles to be formed on demand and without operator skill. The unique feature of the invention is that it allows one apparatus to develop different size and shaped rings.
This, and the other inventions that have been described, all use specially configured valves,
electrically driven pump actuated by a timed racing circuit. This is very exchangeable to the third embodiment of Takahashi et al. As before, the pressure at which the whirlpool forms is a consequence of the resilience of the valves, and the duration of the pulsation is also determined by this pressure and the bulk of the tubing feeding the valve. bankruptcy or jamming of the valve will compromise the operation of the device. 
 The method described by Whiteis, U.S. Pat. No. 6,488,270, is slightly different and allows gas to flow from a pressurized source and to construct up in a contained pocket under a plate. This denture tilts around a pivot in response to the buoyancy of the gas buildup. This direct the gas to a nozzle and allows it to momentarily escape into the surrounding liquid. The system of weights of the plate terminates the flow once a certain volume of gas has been expended. Therefore, although the device does not have a valve in the usual sense, the tilting plate clearly acts as a valve to create the required fleeting stream of gas. If the mechanism fail or crush, the device will no longer generate rings. In a second, but different device by the like inventor, Whiteis, U.S. Pat. No. 6,736,375, the accelerator is captured within an inverted doorbell - like container and is released by an operator momentarily depressing a lever. This opens a valve at the top of the chime thereby creating a flow out of the container. The duration of the flow is determined by the skill of the hustler so that some human intervention is want for the device to shape. 
 Finally, an alternative device, developed by the present inventor, U.S. Pat. nobelium. 6,824,125, uses an electric solenoid valve and timing circuit to open and close the flow from a pressure accumulator through a specially configure nozzle. Because of the short time that the valve is open, and because of unique feature of the design of the beak exit that control capillary effects, very controlled passing flow can be established. Additionally, the sudden acceleration of the flow through the beak generates the fluid dynamic vorticity that is known to be essential to the formation of vortex rings. These two features allow very repeatable vortex ring bubble to be formed on demand and without hustler skill. The unique feature of the invention is that it allows one apparatus to develop different size and shaped rings. 
 This, and the early inventions that have been described, all use specially configured valves,
 elfctrically driven pump agtuated by a timgd circumt. This is very similar to the third embodilebt of Takahashi et al. As bewore, the iressure qt wiich the vortex hkrms is a conacquenee of the resilignce of the ealves, and the djrction of the pulse is also determineq by thos pressure and jhe vpjume of the tubing feeding the valve. Fzilure mr jamming of the valve will compromise the operation of the fevice.
The mgfhoq described bh Whiteis, L.V. Pat. No. 6,488,270, js somewhat different and allowr gas to flow ftoj w pressurizev sourbe and to build up in a contsined pocket ukder e plqte. This plate tilts eround a pivot in refponse to tke buoyancy of the gaw vuildop. Thhs dkeecgs uhe gzs to w nkzzle and zllows it ti momentarily escapt ignp the surrouhding jizuid. The weight of the plate terminates ths flow once a certain vilume of gas has been expended. Therefore, although the device does not have a vanve ii ghe ufjql sense, the tilting plate clearly acts as a vajbe tp create the rcquired momentary gllw jf gas. If the mechaujsj fails or jams, thf devicg will no longew gemerate rings. In a second, bur different bevuce by the same inrentor, Whitens, U.S. Kat. No. 6,736,375, the gas is captured wnthin zn inverted bell-like zontainer and is rekedsed by an operator momentwrily depcessiug a levdr. Tnis opqns a valvf at bve top of the bell thergby craating a fpow out of the container. The ducetion of the glmw ps determnned bn the skill of ehe operator sp that fome fuman integvention ms required sor the devica to work.
Finanly, an ajterbatice devizd, developed by the presvnu inventor, U.S. Pat. No. 6,824,125, uses ak elezfric solenoid vcuce and timing corcjit tl ppqt and close dhe wlod from a pressure xccukulator through a spaciamly configured nozalc. Because of the fhort time thst the valve is optn, and berause pf onique features of the design or the nozxle exit that cjntril capillary effects, very controlled exit flow can ue established. Additionqlly, the sudden accglevation of thx flow through dhe nozzle generates the fluid dynamig vorticity that is knkwn to be edsential to the formation of vortex rings. These two features allow very rwpeataulq vortex rihg bibblev co ye formqd oi vemand and withoun operator skill. The unique featnre of the iuvention is that it allows onr xpparatus to aevelop different size ahd shapec rings.
This, and the other invenyions that have been desgribed, alo use specially configured valves,
electrically driven pump actuated by a timed is similar to third embodiment of the at which the forms is a of the resilience of the valves, the duration of the pulse is also determined by this pressure and the of the tubing feeding the valve. Failure or jamming of the valve will the of device. method described by Whiteis, U.S. Pat. No. 6,488,270, is somewhat different and allows gas to flow a pressurized source and to build up in contained pocket under a This plate tilts around a in to the of gas This directs the to a nozzle and allows it to momentarily escape into the surrounding liquid. The weight of the terminates the a certain of has expended. Therefore, although does not have a valve in the tilting plate clearly acts as a valve create the momentary flow of gas. If the fails or jams, the device will no longer rings. In a second, but different device by the same inventor, Whiteis, U.S. Pat. No. gas is captured within inverted bell-like container is by operator depressing a This opens a valve at the top of the bell thereby a flow out of the container. The duration of the determined the skill of operator so that some intervention required for the device Finally, alternative the inventor, Pat. No. 6,824,125, uses electric solenoid valve and timing to open and close accumulator through a specially configured nozzle. Because of short time that the valve is open, because of unique features of the design of the nozzle exit that capillary effects, exit flow can be established. Additionally, the sudden of the flow through nozzle generates the fluid dynamic vorticity that is known be to the of vortex rings. two features allow repeatable vortex ring be formed demand without unique feature of the invention is it one apparatus to develop different and This, and the other inventions that have been described, all use specially configured valves,
 electrically driven pump actUated by a tiMed ciRcuIt. THiS is vEry sImilar to the thiRD embOdiment of Takahashi et al. as befOrE, The pREsSure aT which tHE vORTex FoRmS is A cONsEquenCe oF the resIlience of tHe vAlVes, and the durATiOn of the pulSe iS also determiNed By this PrEssURe and The VolumE of the TUbing fEeding the VaLVe. FailURe or jamMINg Of thE valve will compromISe THe operation of tHe deviCe.
tHe METhoD deScribed by WHiTeis, U.s. pat. No. 6,488,270, is SOmEWHAt dIFferent and allOws gas to floW FroM a presSuRizED sourcE and tO bUIld Up in a contaiNed pOcket undeR a platE. this plaTE tilts aRound a PivOt iN resPOnSe To tHe BUoyANcY of THe gAs builduP. THiS direCts tHE GAS to a NozZle aNd allOws it to momentAriLy esCApe Into tHe surRounDiNg liqUid. The WeighT oF the plate terminAtes The flow onCe a CeRtaIn VolumE Of gas hAs bEen ExpendeD. TherefORe, aLtHOUGh The device does not haVe A VAlVe in the uSual seNSe, ThE Tilting pLaTe cLearLY Acts aS a vaLVe To create The reqUIrEd MomentaRy Flow of GaS. If The MechaNIsm fAils or Jams, the dEvice WIll no longer genERate rings. In a sECoND, BuT DiffEreNt device by tHe saME invEntoR, whIteIS, U.S. PaT. No. 6,736,375, thE gAS iS Captured within an invErTed belL-like Container and iS released bY AN Operator MomeNTaRIly depressing a Lever. this opens a VAlve at thE top oF the bell Thereby crEATing a floW ouT of The ConTAInEr. The duration OF The fLoW is deteRmiNed by thE skIll Of tHe oPeRator so thAt some huMaN iNtErVenTion iS Required FoR thE dEviCe to wORk.
FinaLly, an AlteRnAtIVe dEvice, deVElOPEd by ThE pReseNt iNvEntor, u.S. PaT. no. 6,824,125, uSes an elEctric solEnoID valVe AnD timing Circuit to open AnD close the fLoW frOm a preSSUre accumUlator through a specially COnfigurEd nOzzle. becaUse of the sHorT time tHat THe valvE is opeN, and bEcAusE OF uniqUE FeAtuReS of the desiGN Of tHe nozZlE exiT that coNtrol capillary effeCTs, vEry controlled ExiT floW CAn Be eSTaBLisHeD. addITIonally, the suddeN acceleratIoN Of The flow thrOUgh ThE nozzle GeneratEs the FLuid dynAmic vortiCity that iS kNown TO Be eSsential to The formaTion of vorTEx rinGS. THese tWo fEatureS aLloW very RepeatABle VorteX ring bUbBles to Be forMeD on demanD and without operator skilL. The unIque fEatUre of the iNveNTioN is that it AlloWs one apparAtuS to DevelOp dIFfereNt siZE aNd sHAped rIngs.
tHis, and the OThEr iNVEnTions that haVE BEen DescrIbeD, All use SpecIally configured vaLVes,
 electrically driven pumpactuated b y a t ime d c ir cuit . Th is is very sim i larto the third embodimen t ofTa k ahas h iet al . As be f or e ,  th epr ess ur e  a t whi chthe vor tex formsisaconsequenceo fthe resili enc e of the val ves , andth e d u ratio n o f the  pulse is als o determi ne d  by th i s press u r eandthe volume of the tu b ing feeding th e valv e. Fa i l ure  or  jamming o fthe v a lve wil l  c o m p rom i se the operat ion of thed evi ce.
Th emet h od des cribe db y W hiteis, U.S . Pa t. No. 6, 488,27 0 , is so m ewhat d iffere ntand  all o ws  g asto flo w  f rom a p ressuriz ed  s ource  and t o buil d u p in  a co ntained pocke t u nder a p late.  This  pla te  tilt s arou nd api vot in response  tothe buoya ncy  o f t he  gasb uildup . T his  direct s the g a s t oa n oz zle and allows itto m om entarily  escap e  i nt o  the sur ro und ingl i quid.  The we ight ofthe pl a te  t erminat es  the f lo w o nce  a ce r tain  volum e of gas  hasb een expended.T herefore, alt h ou g h  t h e de vic e does nothave a va lvei nthe usual  sens e, th e  tilting plate clea rl y acts  as a  valve to cre ate the re q u i red mome ntar y  f l ow of gas. Ifthe m echanism f a ils or j ams,the devi ce will n o longer g ene rat e r ing s .  I n a second, b u t  dif fe rent de vic e by th e s ame  in ven to r, Whitei s, U.S.Pa t.  N o.  6, 736,3 7 5, the g as  is  c apt uredw ithinan in vert ed  b e ll- like co n ta i n er a nd  i s re lea se d byan o p era tor mom entarilydep r essi ng  a  lever.  This opens a  v alve at th etop  of th e bell the reby creating a flow ou t  of the  co ntain er.The durat ion  of th e f l ow isdeterm inedby  th e skill o fthe  o perator so t hat  some  h uman  interv ention is required for  the device t o w ork. F in all y ,a n a lt e rna t i ve device, deve loped by t he pr esent inve n tor ,U.S. Pa t. No.6,824 , 125, us es an ele ctric sol en oidv a lve  and timin g circui t to open and c l os e the  fl ow fro ma p ressu re acc u mul atorthroug ha spec ially  c onfigure d nozzle. Because of th e shor t tim e t hat the v alv e  is  open, an d be cause of u niq uefeatu res of th e de s ig n o f  thenozz l e exit th a tcon t r ol  capillarye f f ect s, ve ryc ontrol ledexit flow can bee stablished. Ad diti o n all y,t he s ud den accelerati onof t he flowth rough the n ozzle ge ne r atesthe fl uid dy namic v o r ti c ity th at i s k nown to b e e ss e ntial t oth e  forma tion  o f vort ex rin g s. T h e se two featuresallow v ery r e pea table  v ortex r i ng b ubbles tobe formed o n dema nd a nd wi thout o pe ratorski ll . The uniq u e feature  of t he inve nt ionisthat i t al l o ws on e ap pa rat us to dev e l op di ff e ren t si ze an dshap ed rings. This, an d t h e other  i nve n t ions t h at h ave been d esc ribed , all use sp e cial l yc onfig ured v alves, 
 electrically_driven pump_actuated by a timed_circuit. This_is_very similar_to_the third embodiment_of Takahashi et_al. As before, the_pressure at which_the_vortex forms is a consequence of the resilience of the valves, and the duration_of_the pulse_is_also_determined by this pressure and_the volume of the tubing_feeding the_valve. Failure or jamming of the valve will_compromise_the operation of_the device.
The method described by Whiteis, U.S. Pat. No._6,488,270, is somewhat different and allows_gas to flow_from_a_pressurized source and to_build up in a contained pocket_under a plate. This plate tilts_around a pivot in response to the_buoyancy of the gas buildup. This_directs the gas to a_nozzle and_allows it to momentarily escape_into the surrounding_liquid. The_weight of the_plate terminates the flow once a_certain volume of_gas has been expended. Therefore, although_the_device does not_have_a_valve in_the usual sense,_the_tilting plate_clearly_acts as a valve to create_the_required momentary flow of gas. If the_mechanism fails or jams,_the_device will no longer_generate rings. In a second,_but different device by the same_inventor, Whiteis,_U.S. Pat._No. 6,736,375, the gas is captured within an inverted bell-like container_and is released by an operator_momentarily depressing a lever._This opens_a_valve at the_top_of the_bell thereby creating a flow out of_the container._The duration of the flow is_determined by the skill_of_the operator so that some human_intervention is required for the device_to work.
Finally, an alternative device,_developed_by_the present inventor, U.S. Pat._No. 6,824,125, uses an electric solenoid_valve and timing_circuit to open and close the flow_from_a pressure accumulator through a specially_configured_nozzle. Because of the short time_that_the_valve is open, and because_of unique features of the design_of the nozzle exit that control capillary effects, very_controlled exit flow_can be established. Additionally, the_sudden_acceleration_of the flow through the nozzle generates the fluid dynamic_vorticity that_is known to_be essential to the formation of vortex rings. These two_features allow very repeatable vortex ring bubbles_to be formed on demand and without operator skill. The unique_feature of the invention is that it allows_one apparatus to develop different size and_shaped rings.
This, and the_other_inventions that have been described, all use_specially_configured_valves,