 to 12 years from the time the first cross is made. Therefore, development of new varieties is a time-consuming process that requires precise forward planning, efficient use of resources, and a minimum of changes in direction.
A most difficult task is the identification of individuals that are genetically superior, because for most traits the true genotypic value is masked by other confounding plant traits or environmental factors. One method of identifying a superior plant is to observe its performance relative to other experimental plants and to one or more widely grown standard varieties. Single observations are generally inconclusive, while replicated observations provide a better estimate of genetic worth.
The goal of plant breeding is to develop new, unique and superior soybean varieties and hybrids. The breeder initially selects and crosses two or more parental lines, followed by repeated selfing and selection, producing many new genetic combinations. Each year, the plant breeder selects the germplasm to advance to the next generation. This germplasm is grown under unique and different geographical, climatic and soil conditions, and further selections are then made, during and at the end of the growing season. The varieties which are developed are unpredictable. This unpredictability is because the breeder's selection occurs in unique environments, with no control at the DNA level (using conventional breeding procedures), and with millions of different possible genetic combinations being generated. A breeder of ordinary skill in the art cannot predict the final resulting lines he develops, except possibly in a very gross and general fashion. The same breeder cannot produce the same variety twice by using the exact same original parents and the same selection techniques. This unpredictability results in the expenditure of large amounts of research monies to develop superior new soybean varieties.
The development of new soybean varieties requires the development and selection of soybean varieties, the crossing of these varieties and selection of progeny from the superior hybrid crosses. The hybrid seed is produced by manual crosses between selected male-fertile parents or by using male sterility systems. Hybrids may be identified by using certain single locus traits such as pod color, flower color, pubescence color or herbicide resistance which indicate that the seed is truly a hybrid. Additional data on parental lines as well as the phenotype of the hybrid influence the breeder's decision whether to continue with the specific hybrid cross.
Pedigree breeding and recurrent selection breeding methods are used to develop varieties from breeding populations. Breeding programs combine desirable traits from two or more varieties or various broad-based sources into breeding pools from which varieties are developed by selfing and selection of desired phenotypes
to 12 years from the time the first cross is make. consequently, development of new variety is a fourth dimension - consuming process that want accurate forward planning, efficient use of resources, and a minimum of changes in commission. 
 A most difficult job is the designation of individuals that are genetically superior, because for most traits the true genotypic value is dissemble by other confounding plant traits or environmental agent. One method of identifying a superior plant is to observe its operation relative to early experimental plants and to one or more widely grown standard varieties. unmarried observations are generally inconclusive, while replicated observations provide a good estimate of genetic worth. 
 The goal of plant breeding is to develop new, unique and superior soybean varieties and loanblend. The breeder initially selects and crosses two or more parental agate line, follow by repeated selfing and selection, producing many newfangled genetic combinations. Each year, the plant breeder selects the germplasm to promote to the next generation. This germplasm is grown under unique and unlike geographical, climatic and soil conditions, and further selections are then made, during and at the end of the growing season. The kind which are developed are unpredictable. This unpredictability is because the breeder's selection occurs in alone environments, with no control at the DNA level (use conventional breeding procedures), and with millions of unlike possible genetic combinations being generated. A breeder of ordinary skill in the artwork cannot predict the final resulting lines he develop, except possibly in a very gross and cosmopolitan fashion. The same breeder cannot produce the like variety twice by using the exact same original parents and the same selection techniques. This unpredictability results in the expenditure of bombastic amounts of research monies to break superior new soy varieties. 
 The development of new soybean varieties requires the development and selection of soybean varieties, the ford of these variety and choice of progeny from the superior hybrid crosses. The hybrid seed is produced by manual crosses between choose male - fertile parents or by using male sterility systems. Hybrids may be identified by using certain single venue traits such as pod color, flower color, pubescence color or herbicide resistance which indicate that the seeded player is truly a hybrid. Additional data on parental lines as well as the phenotype of the hybrid influence the breeder's decisiveness whether to retain with the specific hybrid cross. 
 Pedigree breeding and recurrent selection breeding methods are used to develop varieties from breed populations. Breeding programs combine desirable traits from two or more varieties or various broad - free-base sources into breeding pools from which varieties are developed by selfing and selection of desired phenotypes
 to 12 years from the time tht first cross is made. Thxrefore, developoent of new varieties is a tmme-cinsumung process that requifes precide forwaed poqnning, effmdient use of dcsoureew, and a minimuk of changas in directiot.
A mlst difficult task is the identificwtion og lndividuals thwt age gensnigally superior, because for most fraits uhe true genotypic value is masked by other fonflunding plant traihs or envirinmegral factors. Une method of identifyjng a superior plant is to obsefve ics performabcw rfnative to ovher eqperimental plants ang to onr or more wideky jrowb standard varieties. Vingle observationf are genarclly inconclusive, whioe replhcatad ocwerxatjois lrovidf a better esfimate of gwnetic worth.
The goak jd plant breedjng is tj develop new, unique and superior soybedn barieties and hybrids. Tye breeder initially delects agd crosses two or more parental lines, followed by repeetdd wejwunh and selection, producing many new genetic coigimanions. Each year, tme plant breeder srlfcyf the germplarm to csvznce to the next gfneratijn. Thus germplwsm os grown under unique and dufferent geoyraphical, climatic anb soil condicions, snd firther selections are tken mase, during ajd at the dnd of the growivg xedson. The varieties which awe develo'ed axe unpreaictsble. Tris unpredlctablnity is because thf bregder's velection lccurs in unique environments, wmvh no control ad tve DNA lzvel (uxing conventijnal breeding kroceduref), and with millpons of dmfferent posfible genetic fombinations being gqnerqted. A breeadr of ordinary skill in the art cqnnot predict the ninal desulting lines he develops, excepy pussybpy ig a very grosv ana gdmeral fashion. Thc sxme nreeder cannot produwe tge same variety twocc by usint the exwct same origonal parents and tje sake relecyiog techniques. This unpredictabimity resupts in the expegditmre jf large akounts of research monies to develop su'erior new soybean variwties.
The developmenj on new soybeai variqties reqgires the developmenr and selection on soybean varieties, ths crosving lf these varieties and selection of progeny from the superior hybrid croswes. Thx rybrid seed is lrodubed yy manuwl ccorses between selvcted male-fertile parents or by nsing male scerility systems. Hybrids may ne identified bi using certain single lochs traitx such as pod color, flower colot, pubescence color or hevbicide rwsistznce which indicate that the seed ns truoy a hyvrid. Additional dxta ok parental lints aa well as the phenotype of the htbrid unvluence the breever's decisiok dhethgr to cogtinue with the apecjvic hibrid cross.
Pedogree breeding and recurrent selecniog breeding metykds are used to dgrvlop varietiex from breeging populations. Breeding programs combine desirablg traits frkm two ov more varieties pc various broad-based souvces ynto bredding pools xrom which varieties are developed by selfiib and sejectikn of desired phenotypes
to 12 years from the time the is Therefore, development new varieties is precise planning, efficient use resources, and a of changes in direction. A most task is the identification of individuals that are genetically superior, because for most the true genotypic value is masked by other confounding plant traits or environmental One of a plant is to observe its performance relative to other experimental plants and to one or more grown standard varieties. Single observations are generally inconclusive, replicated observations provide a estimate of genetic worth. The of breeding is develop unique superior soybean varieties hybrids. The breeder initially selects and crosses two or more parental lines, followed by repeated selfing and producing many combinations. Each the breeder the germplasm to the next generation. This germplasm is and different geographical, climatic and soil conditions, and selections are made, during and at the end the growing season. The varieties which are developed unpredictable. This unpredictability is because the breeder's selection occurs in unique environments, with no control DNA level (using conventional procedures), and with of possible combinations generated. A of ordinary skill in the art cannot predict the final resulting he develops, except possibly in a very gross and general same cannot produce the variety twice by using exact original parents and the techniques. unpredictability expenditure large of research monies to superior new soybean varieties. The of new soybean varieties of soybean varieties, the crossing of these varieties selection of progeny from the superior hybrid The hybrid seed is produced by manual crosses between selected male-fertile parents by using systems. Hybrids may be identified by using certain locus traits such as color, flower color, pubescence color or herbicide resistance which that seed is a hybrid. Additional on parental lines well as the the hybrid the decision with the specific hybrid cross. Pedigree and selection breeding methods are used develop breeding populations. Breeding programs combine desirable traits from two or more varieties or various broad-based breeding pools from which are by selfing and selection of desired phenotypes
 to 12 years from the time the firsT cross is maDe. TheRefOre, DeVeloPmenT of new varietieS Is a tIme-consuming process thaT requIrES preCIsE forwArd planNInG, EFfiCiEnT usE oF ReSourcEs, aNd a miniMum of changEs iN dIrection.
A mosT DiFficult tasK is The identificAtiOn of inDiVidUAls thAt aRe genEticalLY superIor, becausE fOR most tRAits the TRUe GenoTypic value is maskeD By OTher confoundinG plant TrAItS OR enVirOnmental faCtOrs. OnE Method oF IdENTIfyINg a superior plAnt is to obseRVe iTs perfOrManCE relatIve to OtHEr eXperimental PlanTs and to onE or morE Widely gROwn stanDard vaRieTieS. SinGLe ObSerVaTIonS ArE geNEraLly inconClUsIve, whIle rEPLICateD obServAtionS provide a bettEr eStimATe oF geneTic woRth.
THe Goal oF plant BreedInG is to develop new, UniqUe and supeRioR sOybEaN variETies anD hyBriDs. The brEeder inITiaLlY SELeCts and crosses two or MoRE PaRental liNes, folLOwEd BY repeateD sElfIng aND SelecTion, PRoDucing maNy new gENeTiC combinAtIons. EaCh YeaR, thE planT BreeDer selEcts the gErmplASm to advance to tHE next generatiON. THIS gERmplAsm Is grown undeR uniQUe anD difFErEnt GEograPhicaL, cLImATic and soil conditionS, aNd furtHer seLections are thEn made, duriNG ANd at the eNd of THe GRowing season. ThE variEties which ARe develoPed arE unprediCtable. ThiS UNpredictAbiLitY is BecAUSe The breeder's seLECtioN oCcurs in UniQue enviRonMenTs, wIth No Control at The DNA leVeL (uSiNg ConVentiONal breedInG prOcEduRes), anD With miLlionS of dIfFeREnt PossiblE GeNETic cOmBiNatiOns BeIng geNeraTEd. A Breeder Of ordinarY skILl in ThE aRt cannoT predict the fiNaL resulting LiNes He deveLOPs, except Possibly in a very gross and GEneral fAshIon. ThE samE breeder cAnnOt prodUce THe same VarietY twicE bY usING the eXACt SamE oRiginal parENTs aNd the SaMe seLection Techniques. This unprEDicTability resulTs iN the EXPeNdiTUrE Of lArGE amOUNts of research moNies to deveLoP SuPerior new sOYbeAn VarietiEs.
The deVelopMEnt of neW soybean vArieties rEqUireS THe dEvelopment And selecTion of soyBEan vaRIeTies, tHe cRossinG oF thEse vaRietieS And SelecTion of PrOgeny fRom thE sUperior hYbrid crosses. The hybrid seEd is prOduceD by Manual croSseS BetWeen selecTed mAle-fertile ParEntS or by UsiNG male SterILiTy sYStems. hybrIDs may be idENtIfiED By Using certaiN SINglE locuS trAIts sucH as pOd color, flower coloR, Pubescence coloR or hERBicIde REsisTaNce which indicaTe tHaT THe seed is TrUly a hybrid. ADditionaL dATa on pArentaL lines As well aS THe PHenotyPe of The Hybrid infLueNcE The breeDeR's DEcisioN wheThEr to coNtinue WIth tHE Specific hybrid crOss.
PeDIGree bREedIng anD rEcurrenT SeleCtion breedIng methods aRe used To deVelop VarietiEs From brEedInG populatioNS. Breeding ProgrAms combInE desIraBle traIts fROM two oR morE vAriEties or vaRIOuS BrOaD-BasEd soUrces InTo brEeding pooLS from whiCh vARieties ArE deVELoped bY SeLFIng and seleCtiOn of dESIred phenotYPes
 to 12 years from the time  the first  cros s i s m ad e. T here fore, developm e nt o f new varieties is a t ime-c on s umin g  p roces s thatr eq u i res  p re cis ef or wardpla nning,efficientuse  o f resources, an d a minimu m o f changes in  di rectio n. 
Am ost d iff icult  taski s theidentific at i on ofi ndividu a l sthat  are geneticallys up e rior, becausefor mo st tr a i tsthe  true geno ty pic v a lue ism as k e d  by other confoun ding plantt rai ts oren vir o nmenta l fac to r s.One methodof i dentifyin g a su p erior p l ant isto obs erv e i ts p e rf or man ce rel a ti vet o o ther exp er im ental  pla n t s andtooneor mo re widely gro wnstan d ard  vari eties . Si ng le ob servat ionsar e generally inc oncl usive, wh ile  r epl ic atedo bserva tio nsprovide  a bett e r e st i m a te  of genetic worth. 
T h e  g oal of p lant b r ee di n g is tode vel op n e w , uni quea nd  superio r soyb e an  v arietie sand hy br ids . T he br e eder  initi ally sel ectsa nd crosses two or more paren t al l in e s, f oll owed by rep eate d  sel fing an d s e lecti on, p ro d uc i ng many new genetic  c ombina tions . Each year,the plantb r e eder sel ects th e  germplasm toadvan ce to then ext gene ratio n. Thisgermplasm i s grownund eruni que a nd  different ge o g raph ic al, cli mat ic andsoi l c ond iti on s, and fu rther se le ct io ns  ar e the n  made, d ur ing  a ndat th e  end o f the  gro wi ng sea son. Th e  v a r ieti es  w hich  ar edevel oped are  unpred ictable.Thi s  unp re di ctabili ty is because  t he breeder 's  se lectio n occurs i n unique environments,w ith nocon trolat t he DNA le vel  (usin g c o nventi onal b reedi ng  pr o c edure s ) ,and  w ith millio n s  of  diff er entpossibl e genetic combinat i ons  being genera ted . Ab r ee der of ord in a rys k ill in the artcannot pre di c tthe finalr esu lt ing lin es he d evelo p s, exce pt possib ly in a v er y gr o s s a nd general  fashion . The sam e  bree d er  cann otproduc ethe  same  varie t y t wiceby usi ng  the e xactsa me origi nal parents and the sam e sele ction  te chniques.  Th i s u npredicta bili ty results  in  th e exp end i tureof l a rg e a m ounts  ofr esearch m o ni est o  d evelop supe r i o r n ew so ybe a n vari etie s.
The developmen t  of new soybea n va r i eti esr equi re s the developm ent  a n d  selecti on  of soybean  varieti es ,  thecrossi ng ofthese v a r ie t ies an d se lec tion of p rog en y  from t he  s u perior  hyb ri d cros ses. T h e hy b r id seed is produ ced b y manua l  cr osses  b etweens elec ted male-f ertile pare nts or  byusing  male s te rility  sy st ems. Hybri d s may beident ified b yusin g c ertain  sin g l e loc us t ra its  such asp o dc ol or ,  fl ower  colo r,  pub escence c o lor or h erb i cide re si sta n c e whic h  i n d icate that  th e see d is truly a hybr i d. Addit ionaldata o n paren t alli nes aswel l as the ph enotype o f  th ehybr id influ en ce t he  br ee der's decisionwhetherto conti n u e with  th e  spe c ific h yb rid cross.
P edigr ee breedin g and  recurr e ntsel ect ionbre edin g  methods are used to dev elop  vari e tie s fro m bre ed ing popu l atio ns. Bree d ing programscombine desirab l e t r aits  fr o mtw o or more  va r ietie s or  va riou s b road - b ased sour c es  int o bree ding  p oo ls from w hi ch vari e ties are  dev elope dby se lfing a nd selec tionof  desiredp henotyp es
 to_12 years_from the time the_first cross_is_made. Therefore,_development_of new varieties_is a time-consuming_process that requires precise_forward planning, efficient_use_of resources, and a minimum of changes in direction.
A most difficult task is the_identification_of individuals_that_are_genetically superior, because for most_traits the true genotypic value_is masked_by other confounding plant traits or environmental factors._One_method of identifying_a superior plant is to observe its performance relative_to other experimental plants and to_one or more_widely_grown_standard varieties. Single observations_are generally inconclusive, while replicated observations_provide a better estimate of genetic_worth.
The goal of plant breeding is to_develop new, unique and superior soybean_varieties and hybrids. The breeder_initially selects_and crosses two or more_parental lines, followed_by repeated_selfing and selection,_producing many new genetic combinations. Each_year, the plant_breeder selects the germplasm to advance_to_the next generation._This_germplasm_is grown_under unique and_different_geographical, climatic_and_soil conditions, and further selections are_then_made, during and at the end of_the growing season. The_varieties_which are developed are_unpredictable. This unpredictability is because_the breeder's selection occurs in unique_environments, with_no control_at the DNA level (using conventional breeding procedures), and with millions_of different possible genetic combinations being_generated. A breeder of_ordinary skill_in_the art cannot_predict_the final_resulting lines he develops, except possibly in_a very_gross and general fashion. The same_breeder cannot produce the_same_variety twice by using the exact_same original parents and the same_selection techniques. This unpredictability results_in_the_expenditure of large amounts of_research monies to develop superior new_soybean varieties.
The development_of new soybean varieties requires the development_and_selection of soybean varieties, the crossing_of_these varieties and selection of progeny_from_the_superior hybrid crosses. The hybrid_seed is produced by manual crosses_between selected male-fertile parents or by using male sterility_systems. Hybrids may_be identified by using certain_single_locus_traits such as pod color, flower color, pubescence color or_herbicide resistance_which indicate that_the seed is truly a hybrid. Additional data on parental_lines as well as the phenotype of_the hybrid influence the breeder's decision whether to continue with the_specific hybrid cross.
Pedigree breeding and recurrent selection breeding_methods are used to develop varieties from_breeding populations. Breeding programs_combine_desirable traits from two or more varieties_or_various_broad-based_sources into breeding_pools from which_varieties are developed_by selfing_and selection of_desired phenotypes