 and deliver the write data through I/O lines to the one of the memory cells.
In accordance with the present invention, the write operation conducted based on the data strobe signal by the data write section assures a sufficient balancing time interval for balancing the I/O lines, whereby a safe read data can be obtained during a succeeding read operation. The present invention relates to the art of effecting and monitoring nucleic acid accumulation. More particularly, the present invention relates to a microfabricated chip including a waveguide formed with an optical microcavity in which nucleic acid accumulation can take place, which can be used to monitor nucleic acid accumulation. The invention further relates to a device constructed for accepting the chip and for effecting the monitoring of nucleic acid accumulation in the cavity therein. Yet, the invention further relates to a system which includes the chip and the device and to a method for effecting and monitoring nucleic acid accumulation using same.
Nucleic acid amplification methods, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), ligase chain reaction (LCR), nucleic acid sequence based amplification (NASBA) and related techniques have become a central technology in genetic engineering and molecular biology. These methods enable the detection of single copy genes and/or DNA fragments with a very high degree of sensitivity, due to the extreme amplification of the signal obtained. As a result, these methods are gradually becoming critical methods in genetic diagnostics as well.
Yet, while implemented, nucleic acid amplification methods call for a series of steps which are tedious, time consuming and require highly trained personnel in order to be effectively executed. It is, therefore, not surprising that efforts are undertook to streamline nucleic acid amplification methods by rendering such methods more amenable to automation.
Should nucleic acid amplification technology become rapid, easy to perform and simple and sensitive to readout results, then it would immediately be applicable to the enormous, world-wide practice of genetic diagnostics.
Immobilized DNA has been known for years and is routinely used in nucleic acid blotting technology. Immobilization of short oligonucleotides has also been demonstrated and standartized. Recent technologies have demonstrated the immobilization of oligonucleotides to micro fabricated chips, to provide templates for hybridization and new techniques for mass sequencing on DNA chips. Thus, the concept and chemistries of using immobilized oligonucleotides is not new.
The combination of DNA amplification and micro fabricated chip technology is also not new. Here the basic concept has been to exploit the attributes of conducting the PCR reaction in microchambers, therefore benefiting from very small volumes of reagents to be used
and deliver the write data through I / O lines to the one of the memory cell. 
 In accord with the present invention, the write operation conducted free-base on the datum strobe signal by the data write section reassure a sufficient balancing time time interval for poise the I / oxygen lines, whereby a safe read data can be obtained during a succeed read operation. The present invention relates to the art of effecting and monitoring nucleic acid accumulation. More peculiarly, the present invention relates to a microfabricated chip including a waveguide form with an optical microcavity in which nucleic acid accumulation can necessitate seat, which can be used to monitor nucleic acid collection. The invention further relates to a device constructed for accept the chip and for effecting the monitoring of nucleic acid accumulation in the cavity therein. Yet, the invention far relate to a system which includes the chip and the device and to a method for effecting and monitoring nucleic acid accumulation practice like. 
 Nucleic acid amplification methods, such as polymerase chain chemical reaction (PCR), ligase range reaction (LCR), nucleic acid sequence based amplification (NASBA) and related technique have become a central technology in genetic engineering and molecular biota. These methods enable the detection of single copy genes and/or DNA fragments with a very high degree of sensitivity, due to the extreme amplification of the signal obtained. As a result, these methods are gradually become critical methods in familial diagnostics as well. 
 Yet, while implemented, nucleic acid amplification methods bid for a series of steps which are tedious, time consuming and require highly trained personnel in club to be effectively perform. It is, therefore, not surprising that efforts are undertake to streamline nucleic acid amplification methods by picture such methods more amenable to automation. 
 Should nucleic acid amplification engineering become rapid, easy to perform and childlike and sensitive to readout results, then it would immediately be applicable to the enormous, worldly concern - wide exercise of genetic diagnostics. 
 Immobilized DNA has been known for long time and is routinely used in nucleic acid blotting technology. Immobilization of short oligonucleotides has also been demonstrated and standartized. late technologies have demonstrated the immobilization of oligonucleotides to micro manufacture chips, to provide templates for hybridization and new techniques for mass sequencing on deoxyribonucleic acid chips. Thus, the concept and chemistries of using immobilized oligonucleotides is not new. 
 The combination of DNA amplification and micro fabricated chip technology is besides not new. Here the basic concept has been to exploit the attributes of conducting the PCR reaction in microchambers, therefore benefiting from very small volume of reagents to be used
 anf deliver the write data through I/O lings to thx one or the meoory cells.
In accordance with tye prtfent invention, the write opvration cindurted based on thx data sbxobe algnal uy the data wrije section avsures a suffiwidnc balancing time interval for balancyng the I/L lines, wherebi a ssse rsad data can be obtained during a aucceedpng read operatiom. The present invention repated to the art of efvecting and monyroring nuclekc acid acbbmulation. Mkre particularly, the present inxentipn relates ti a kicrofabriceted crip includinn a wavaguide gormed with an opvicao microcavity in whici nucleic acid accumolation cat cake place, which can ve used to konigir vucmemc zcid afcujulation. Tge inventiob further relates tp w device constducted fjr accepting the chip and for effecting ths monitoring of nucleic acid accumulation in the caviey therein. Yet, the invention further relates to a systxm whngm inzoufes the chip and the device and to a method fjd tffvcting and monitoving nucleic acid scfukolation using rame.
Nuemejc acid amplificatlon metrods, wuch as pjlymrrase chain reaction (PCR), litase chain rvactuon (LCR), nucleic acnd sequence yased smpligication (NASBA) and relaced tedhniques hage become x central technouogj in genetic engineering and mjlecular uioloyy. These metnods egable the fetecbhon of single copy gened dnd/or DNA vragments with a very high degrxx of sensitivotf, dle to the extrcme amplificatijn of the signcl obtaiued. As a result, nhese metiods are graqually becomith critical mxthods in genwtic diagnorgics as well.
Yey, while implemented, nucleic acid ampllficajikn methods call fot a series of syepr wribh ere tqgious, time cmnsuoine and fequire higmly traoned personnel in orger fo be effectively rxccuted. It is, therqfore, not surlrising that efforus are unvertool tj streamline nucleic acid ampljfication mebhods by rendqrinn sush methods more amenable to automation.
Should nuclxic acid amplification rechnology become rcpld, easy to pxrform and simpne and sensitive to eeadout results, tmen it would immediatemy be dpplifable to the enormous, world-wide practice of genetic diagnostics.
Immobilizee DNA iaf been knowh fot yeags cnd is rottinxlb used in nucleic acid blotting technology. Immobmlization mf short oligonucleotides has slro been demonrtrated and standartized. Recent yechnologies have demonstrated yhe immobilization of ollgonucleorides to mibto habricated chips, to lrovidz tempoates fir hnbridization avd mea techniqkes hor mass sequencing on DNA chips. Thys, the clncept and chemivtries of udlng imjobilieed oligonucleotises jd not new.
The combimation of DNA smplification and mibro fabricated chui technology os also not new. Herx the basic woncept has been to exploit the attributes of condubting the KCR reactlon in microchambgrd, therefore benefiting fwom very small volumas of reagents to be used
and deliver the write data through I/O the of the cells. In accordance write conducted based on data strobe signal the data write section assures a balancing time interval for balancing the I/O lines, whereby a safe read data be obtained during a succeeding read operation. The present invention relates to the of and nucleic accumulation. More particularly, the present invention relates to a microfabricated chip including a waveguide formed with optical microcavity in which nucleic acid accumulation can place, which can be to monitor nucleic acid accumulation. invention relates to device for the chip and effecting the monitoring of nucleic acid accumulation in the cavity therein. Yet, the invention further relates to system which chip and device to method for effecting nucleic acid accumulation using same. Nucleic such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), ligase chain (LCR), nucleic sequence based amplification (NASBA) and related have become a central technology in genetic engineering molecular biology. These methods enable the detection of single copy genes and/or DNA fragments with high degree of sensitivity, to the extreme of signal As result, these are gradually becoming critical methods in genetic diagnostics as well. Yet, implemented, nucleic acid amplification methods call for a series of are time consuming and highly trained personnel in to effectively executed. It is, surprising efforts streamline acid methods by rendering such more amenable to automation. Should acid amplification technology become simple and sensitive to readout results, then it immediately be applicable to the enormous, world-wide of genetic diagnostics. Immobilized DNA has been known for years and is used in blotting technology. Immobilization of short oligonucleotides has also demonstrated and standartized. Recent have demonstrated the immobilization of oligonucleotides to micro fabricated to templates for and new techniques mass sequencing on chips. Thus, the chemistries of immobilized is combination of DNA amplification and micro chip is also not new. Here basic been to exploit the attributes of conducting the PCR reaction in microchambers, therefore benefiting from volumes of reagents to used
 and deliver the write data thrOugh I/O lineS to thE onE of ThE memOry cElls.
In accordanCE witH the present invention, thE writE oPEratIOn ConduCted basED oN THe dAtA sTroBe SIgNal by The Data wriTe section aSsuReS a sufficient BAlAncing time IntErval for balaNciNg the I/o lIneS, WhereBy a Safe rEad datA Can be oBtained duRiNG a succEEding reAD OpEratIon. The present inveNTiON relates to the aRt of efFeCTiNG And MonItoring nucLeIc aciD AccumulATiON. mOre PArticularly, thE present invENtiOn relaTeS to A MicrofAbricAtED chIp including A wavEguide forMed witH An opticAL microcAvity iN whIch NuclEIc AcId aCcUMulATiOn cAN taKe place, wHiCh Can be Used TO MONitoR nuCleiC acid Accumulation. THe iNvenTIon FurthEr relAtes To A deviCe consTructEd For accepting the Chip And for effEctInG thE mOnitoRIng of nUclEic Acid accUmulatiON in ThE CAViTy therein. Yet, the invEnTIOn Further rElates TO a SySTem which InCluDes tHE Chip aNd thE DeVice and tO a methOD fOr EffectiNg And monItOriNg nUcleiC Acid AccumuLation usIng saME.
Nucleic acid amPLification metHOdS, SUcH As poLymErase chain rEactIOn (PCr), ligASe ChaIN reacTion (LcR), NUcLEic acid sequence baseD aMplifiCatioN (NASBA) and relaTed techniqUES Have becoMe a cENtRAl technology in GenetIc engineerINg and molEculaR biology. these methODS enable tHe dEteCtiOn oF SInGle copy genes aND/Or DNa fRagmentS wiTh a very HigH deGreE of SeNsitivity, Due to the ExTrEmE aMplIficaTIon of the SiGnaL oBtaIned. AS A resulT, thesE metHoDs ARe gRaduallY BeCOMing CrItIcal MetHoDs in gEnetIC diAgnostiCs as well.
YEt, wHIle iMpLeMented, nUcleic acid ampLiFication meThOds Call foR A Series of Steps which are tedious, timE ConsumiNg aNd reqUire Highly traIneD persoNneL In ordeR to be eFfectIvEly EXEcuteD. iT iS, thErEfore, not suRPRisIng thAt EffoRts are uNdertook to streamliNE nuCleic acid amplIfiCatiON MeThoDS bY RenDeRIng SUCh methods more amEnable to auToMAtIon.
Should nUCleIc Acid ampLificatIon teCHnology Become rapId, easy to pErForm AND siMple and senSitive to Readout reSUlts, tHEn It wouLd iMmediaTeLy bE applIcable TO thE enorMous, woRlD-wide pRactiCe Of genetiC diagnostics.
Immobilized dNA has Been kNowN for years And IS roUtinely usEd in Nucleic aciD blOttIng teChnOLogy. IMmobILiZatIOn of sHort OLigonucleOTiDes HAS aLso been demoNSTRatEd and StaNDartizEd. ReCent technologies hAVe demonstrated The iMMObiLizATion Of OligonucleotidEs tO mICRo fabricAtEd chips, to prOvide temPlATes foR hybriDizatiOn and neW TEcHNiques For mAss SequencinG on dNa Chips. ThUs, ThE ConcepT and ChEmistrIes of uSIng iMMObilized oligonucLeotiDES is noT New.
the coMbInation OF DNA AmplificatIon and micro FabricAted Chip tEchnoloGy Is also Not NeW. Here the baSIc concept Has beEn to expLoIt thE atTributEs of CONductIng tHe pCR Reaction iN MIcROcHaMBerS, theReforE bEnefIting from VEry small VolUMes of reAgEntS TO be useD
 and deliver the write dat a throughI/O l ine s t otheoneof the memoryc ells .
In accordance with t he pr es e nt i n ve ntion , the w r it e ope ra ti onco n du ctedbas ed on t he data st rob esignal by th e  d ata writesec tion assures  asuffic ie ntb alanc ing  time  inter v al for  balancin gt he I/O lines,w h er ebya safe read datac an be obtained du ring a  s u cc e e din g r ead operat io n. Th e  presen t  i n v e nti o n relates tothe art ofe ffe ctingan d m o nitori ng nu cl e icacid accumu lati on. Morepartic u larly,t he pres ent in ven tio n re l at es  to  a mic r of abr i cat ed chipin cl uding  a w a v e g uide  fo rmed  with  an optical m icr ocav i tyin wh ich n ucle ic  acid  accum ulati on  can take place , wh ich can b e u se d t omonit o r nucl eic  ac id accu mulatio n . T he i n ve ntion further rela te s to  a devic e cons t ru ct e d for ac ce pti ng t h e  chip  and fo r effect ing th e  m on itoring  o f nucl ei c a cid  accu m ulat ion in  the cav ity t h erein. Yet, th e  invention fu r th e r  r e late s t o a systemwhic h  inc lude s  t hec hip a nd th ed ev i ce and to a methodfo r effe cting  and monitori ng nucleic a c id accum ulat i on using same.
Nu cleic  acid ampl i fication  meth ods, suc h as poly m e rase cha inrea cti on( P CR ), ligase cha i n  rea ct ion (LC R),  nuclei c a cid  se que nc e based a mplifica ti on  ( NA SBA ) and relatedte chn iq ues  have become  a ce ntra lte c hno logy in ge n e ticen gi neer ing  a nd mo lecu l arbiology . These m eth o ds e na bl e the d etection of s in gle copy g en esand/or D NA fragm ents with a very high d e gree of  se nsiti vity , due tothe  extre mea mplifi cation  of t he  si g n al ob t a in ed.  A s a result , the se me th odsare gra dually becoming cr i tic al methods in  ge neti c di agn o st i csas wel l . 
Yet, while imp lemented,nu c le ic acid am p lif ic ation m ethodscallf or a se ries of s teps whic haret e dio us, time c onsuming  and requ i re hi g hl y tra ine d pers on nel  in o rder t o  be  effe ctivel yexecut ed. I tis, ther efore, not surprising t hat ef forts  ar e underto okt o s treamline  nuc leic acidamp lif icati onm ethod s by re nde r ing s uchm ethods mo r eame n a bl e to automa t i o n.Shoul d n u cleicacid  amplification te c hnology become  rap i d , e asy to p er form and simpl e a nd s ensitive  t o readout r esults,th e n itwouldimmedi ately b e ap p licabl e to  th e enormou s,wo r ld-wide  p ra c tice o f ge ne tic di agnost i cs.I m mobilized DNA ha s bee n known for  year sand isr outi nely usedin nucleicacid b lott ing t echnolo gy . Immo bil iz ation of s h ort oligo nucle otidesha s al sobeen d emon s t rated  and  s tan dartized. R ec e nt  t e chn olog ies h av e de monstrate d  the imm obi l ization  o f o l i gonucl e ot i d es to micr o f abric a t ed chips,t o pr o vi d e tem plates  for h ybridiz a tio nand new  te c h niques fo r mass se q uen ci ng o n DNA ch ip s. T hu s,th e concept and c hemistri es of us i n g immo bil i zedo ligonu cl eotides is n ot ne w. The com b i nat ion ofD NAamp lif icat ion  and micro fabricated chip te chno logyi s a lso n ot ne w.  Here th e  bas ic conce p t has been to  exploit the at t rib u tesofc on du cting the  PC R  reac tion  in  mic roc hamb e r s, t h eref o re  ben efitin g fr om  v ery small  v olumeso f re a gen ts t o beus ed 
 and_deliver the_write data through I/O_lines to_the_one of_the_memory cells.
In accordance_with the present_invention, the write operation_conducted based on_the_data strobe signal by the data write section assures a sufficient balancing time interval_for_balancing the_I/O_lines,_whereby a safe read data_can be obtained during a_succeeding read_operation. The present invention relates to the art_of_effecting and monitoring_nucleic acid accumulation. More particularly, the present invention relates_to a microfabricated chip including a_waveguide formed with_an_optical_microcavity in which nucleic_acid accumulation can take place, which_can be used to monitor nucleic_acid accumulation. The invention further relates to_a device constructed for accepting the_chip and for effecting the_monitoring of_nucleic acid accumulation in the_cavity therein. Yet,_the invention_further relates to_a system which includes the chip_and the device_and to a method for effecting_and_monitoring nucleic acid_accumulation_using_same.
Nucleic acid_amplification methods, such_as_polymerase chain_reaction_(PCR), ligase chain reaction (LCR), nucleic_acid_sequence based amplification (NASBA) and related techniques_have become a central_technology_in genetic engineering and_molecular biology. These methods enable_the detection of single copy genes_and/or DNA_fragments with_a very high degree of sensitivity, due to the extreme amplification_of the signal obtained. As a_result, these methods are_gradually becoming_critical_methods in genetic_diagnostics_as well.
Yet,_while implemented, nucleic acid amplification methods call_for a_series of steps which are tedious,_time consuming and require_highly_trained personnel in order to be_effectively executed. It is, therefore, not_surprising that efforts are undertook_to_streamline_nucleic acid amplification methods by_rendering such methods more amenable to_automation.
Should nucleic acid_amplification technology become rapid, easy to perform_and_simple and sensitive to readout results,_then_it would immediately be applicable to_the_enormous,_world-wide practice of genetic diagnostics.
Immobilized_DNA has been known for years_and is routinely used in nucleic acid blotting technology._Immobilization of short_oligonucleotides has also been demonstrated_and_standartized._Recent technologies have demonstrated the immobilization of oligonucleotides to micro_fabricated chips,_to provide templates_for hybridization and new techniques for mass sequencing on DNA_chips. Thus, the concept and chemistries of_using immobilized oligonucleotides is not new.
The combination of DNA amplification and_micro fabricated chip technology is also not new._Here the basic concept has been to_exploit the attributes of_conducting_the PCR reaction in microchambers, therefore benefiting_from_very_small_volumes of reagents_to be used