 of drilling.
In current volumetric estimation techniques, petrophysical properties of water and hydrocarbons are assigned assumed values and are input into a numerical solver for estimation of volumetric properties within a formation. Often, the petrophysical properties are not all known. For example, examples of unknown properties can include water salinity and varying hydrocarbon type/grade column. In these cases, formation testers can be used to collect fluid samples, perform downhole fluid analysis, or infer fluids type from pressure gradients. The outcome of any such analysis or testing depends on the selection of test depths, which inherently contains hypotheses of the fluids in place. Some known techniques provide for the estimation of continuous water salinity and/or saturation, but do not address the unknown hydrocarbon types and properties. Hence, there is a need for continuous estimates of water and hydrocarbon properties from well logs. Transform-based audio codecs like AAC, MP3, or TCX generally introduce inter-harmonic quantization noise when processing harmonic audio signals, particularly at low bitrates.
This effect is further worsened when the transform-based audio codec operates at low delay, due to the worse frequency resolution and/or selectivity introduced by a shorter transform size and/or a worse window frequency response.
This inter-harmonic noise is generally perceived as a very annoying “warbling” artifact, which significantly reduces the performance of the transform-based audio codec when subjectively evaluated on highly tonal audio material like some music or voiced speech.
A common solution to this problem is to employ prediction-based techniques, prediction using autoregressive (AR) modeling based on the addition or subtraction of past input or decoded samples, either in the transform-domain or in the time-domain.
However, using such techniques in signals with changing temporal structure again leads to unwanted effects such as temporal smearing of percussive musical events or speech plosives or even the creation of impulse trails due to the repetition of a single impulse-like transient. Thus, special care has to be taken for signals that contain both transient and harmonic components or for signals where there is ambiguity between transients and trains of pulses (the latter belonging to a harmonic signal composed of individual pulses of very short duration; such signals are also known as pulse-trains).
Several solutions exist to improve the subjective quality of transform-based audio codecs on harmonics audio signals. All of them exploit the long-term periodicity (pitch) of very harmonic, stationary waveforms, and are based on prediction-based techniques,
of drilling. 
 In current volumetric estimation techniques, petrophysical properties of urine and hydrocarbon are assigned assumed value and are input into a numeral solver for estimation of volumetric property within a geological formation. Often, the petrophysical property are not all known. For example, example of unknown properties can admit water salinity and varying hydrocarbon type / grade column. In these cases, formation examiner can be used to collect fluid sample, perform downhole fluid analysis, or infer fluids character from pressure gradient. The outcome of any such analysis or testing depend on the selection of test depths, which inherently contains hypotheses of the fluids in place. Some known techniques provide for the estimation of continuous water salinity and/or saturation, but do not address the unknown hydrocarbon types and property. Hence, there is a indigence for continuous appraisal of water and hydrocarbon properties from well logarithm. Transform - free-base audio codecs like AAC, MP3, or TCX generally introduce inter - consonant quantization noise when processing harmonic audio signals, particularly at low bitrates. 
 This effect is further worsened when the transform - based audio codec operates at humble delay, due to the bad frequency resolution and/or selectivity introduced by a shorter transform size and/or a worse window frequency reception. 
 This inter - harmonic noise is generally perceive as a very annoying “ warbling ” artifact, which significantly reduces the performance of the transform - base audio codec when subjectively evaluated on highly tonic audio material like some music or voiced speech. 
 A common solution to this trouble is to employ prediction - based technique, prediction using autoregressive (AR) modeling free-base on the summation or subtraction of past input or decoded samples, either in the transform - domain or in the time - domain. 
 However, using such techniques in signals with changing worldly structure again leads to undesirable effects such as temporal smearing of percussive musical consequence or speech plosives or even the creation of impulse lead due to the repetition of a single impulse - like transient. Thus, special care consume to be taken for signals that contain both transient and harmonic components or for signals where there embody ambiguity between transients and trains of pulses (the latter belong to a harmonic signal composed of individual pulses of very short duration; such signals are besides known as pulse - trains). 
 Several solutions exist to improve the subjective timbre of transform - based audio codecs on harmonics audio signals. All of them exploit the long - term periodicity (pitch) of very harmonic, stationary waveforms, and are based on prediction - based techniques,
 of drilling.
In current voluoetric estimation techiiques, letrophyrical properties of water anv hyerocaebons are assigned assjmed valuvs and arw inkut into a numerirzl solvcx for cstimctmon of volumetrlc propertias within a fosmxtnon. Often, the petrophysical propertiqs are moh all known. Fot exak[le, sqanples of unknown properties czn incllde water salinitu and varying hydrocarbon hype/hrade column. In thfse cases, firmaeuon testers zan be used to collect fluid samples, perform downhole fluib analysis, ir invgr fluids ty'e froi pressure gvsdientv. The oitcome of any xuci anqlysis or testing depxnds on the selectiog of test dzpths, which inherentlt xontahns vypogyesds kf tge flulds in place. Aome known rechniques provide gow the estimatikn of sogtinuous water salinity and/or saturatiot, bht do not address the ubknown hydrocarbon tykes and prjperties. Hence, there is a need for continuous esthmatea of wwgwr and hydrocarbon properties from well logs. Trwhsgogm-based audio codccs like AAC, MP3, or TFX denerally inttoduce nhtsr-harmonic quantizwtion njise qhen proctssinb harmonic audio signals, paeticularly an loq bitrates.
This effzct is furthzr worxened when the transform-baseb audik codec opegates at muw delay, due to ghe wmrse frequency resolution wnd/or selxctivnty intruducgd by a shorter tgansform size and/or a wogse wnndow frequency response.
This inter-harmonic noise is generalli parcvived as c very annoying “warfling” artifact, which figniwicantly rvduces thx performancq of the tranvvorm-based auvio codec wheb suvjectivduy evaluated om highly noual audio material like somc muskd or voiced spezeh.
Q common solutipn go ehps 'roblqk is to emplmy pfedkvtion-cased ttehnlquds, ptediction using autosegrsssive (AR) modeling bwsed on jhe addityon or subtravtion of past inpuu or dxcoded sampkes, either in the transform-domain or in thf tlme-domain.
Howeder, msind such teckniques in signals with changing temporao structure again oeads to unwanted eyftcts such as vemporwl smearitg of percussive musucal events or sptech plosives or even tge credtion of impulse trails due to the repetition of a single impulse-like transienr. Thus, special cars hax to te caken fjr smgials that contain both transient and harmonic cooponents ox for signals where there is smciguity betwegn transients and trains or pulses (the latter belonging to a harmpnic signal composed of lndividuao pulaes of verb short duration; sucn signcls arw also jnowk as pulse-traivs).
Srvcral solutlons erist to improve the subjective quqlity if transform-based eudio codecs un hatmonics wudio signals. Alm of hhem gxploit the lomg-term periodivity (pitch) of very hdrionic, stationaej waveforms, amd arg based on predmction-based dechniques,
of drilling. In current volumetric estimation techniques, of and hydrocarbons assigned assumed values numerical for estimation of properties within a Often, the petrophysical properties are not known. For example, examples of unknown properties can include water salinity and varying type/grade column. In these cases, formation testers can be used to collect fluid perform fluid or fluids type from pressure gradients. The outcome of any such analysis or testing depends on the of test depths, which inherently contains hypotheses of fluids in place. Some techniques provide for the estimation continuous salinity and/or but not the unknown hydrocarbon and properties. Hence, there is a need for continuous estimates of water and hydrocarbon properties from well Transform-based audio AAC, MP3, TCX introduce quantization noise when audio signals, particularly at low bitrates. further worsened when the transform-based audio codec operates low delay, to the worse frequency resolution and/or introduced by a shorter transform size and/or a window frequency response. This inter-harmonic noise is generally perceived as a very annoying “warbling” artifact, reduces the performance of transform-based audio codec subjectively on tonal material like music or voiced speech. A common solution to this problem is employ prediction-based techniques, prediction using autoregressive (AR) modeling based on or of past input decoded samples, either in transform-domain in the time-domain. However, techniques signals structure leads unwanted effects such as smearing of percussive musical events speech plosives or even due to the repetition of a single impulse-like Thus, special care has to be taken signals that contain both transient and harmonic components or for signals where is ambiguity and trains of pulses (the latter belonging to harmonic signal composed of pulses of very short duration; such signals are also as Several solutions to improve the quality of transform-based codecs on harmonics All of exploit long-term very harmonic, stationary waveforms, and are on techniques,
 of drilling.
In current volumeTric estimaTion tEchNiqUeS, petRophYsical propertiES of wAter and hydrocarbons are AssigNeD AssuMEd ValueS and are INpUT IntO a NuMerIcAL sOlver For EstimatIon of volumEtrIc Properties wiTHiN a formatioN. OfTen, the petropHysIcal prOpErtIEs are Not All knOwn. For EXample, Examples oF uNKnown pROpertieS CAn InclUde water salinity aND vARying hydrocarbOn type/GrADe COLumN. In These cases, FoRmatiON testerS CaN BE UseD To collect fluiD samples, perFOrm DownhoLe FluID analySis, or InFEr fLuids type frOm prEssure graDients. tHe outcoME of any sUch anaLysIs oR tesTInG dEpeNdS On tHE sEleCTioN of test dEpThS, whicH inhERENTly cOntAins HypotHeses of the fluIds In plACe. SOme knOwn teChniQuEs proVide foR the eStImation of continUous Water saliNitY aNd/oR sAturaTIon, but Do nOt aDdress tHe unknoWN hyDrOCARbOn types and propertiEs. hENcE, there is A need fOR cOnTInuous esTiMatEs of WATer anD hydROcArbon proPertieS FrOm Well logS. TRansfoRm-BasEd aUdio cODecs Like AAc, MP3, or TCX GenerALly introduce inTEr-harmonic quaNTiZATiON noiSe wHen processiNg haRMoniC audIO sIgnALs, parTiculArLY aT Low bitrates.
This effeCt Is furtHer woRsened when the Transform-bASED audio coDec oPErATes at low delay, dUe to tHe worse freQUency resOlutiOn and/or sElectivitY INtroduceD by A shOrtEr tRANsForm size and/or A WOrse WiNdow freQueNcy respOnsE.
ThIs iNteR-hArmonic noIse is genErAlLy PeRceIved aS A very annOyIng “WaRblIng” arTIfact, wHich sIgniFiCaNTly Reduces THe PERforMaNcE of tHe tRaNsforM-basED auDio codeC when subjEctIVely EvAlUated on Highly tonal auDiO material lIkE soMe musiC OR voiced sPeech.
A common solution to tHIs problEm iS to emPloy PredictioN-baSed tecHniQUes, preDictioN usinG aUtoREGressIVE (Ar) moDeLing based oN THe aDditiOn Or suBtractiOn of past input or decODed Samples, either In tHe trANSfOrm-DOmAIn oR iN The TIMe-domain.
However, Using such tEcHNiQues in signALs wItH changiNg tempoRal stRUcture aGain leads To unwanteD eFfecTS SucH as temporaL smearinG of percusSIve muSIcAl eveNts Or speeCh PloSives Or even THe cReatiOn of imPuLse traIls duE tO the repeTition of a single impulse-lIke traNsienT. ThUs, special CarE Has To be taken For sIgnals that ConTaiN both TraNSient And hARmOniC CompoNentS Or for signALs WheRE ThEre is ambiguITY BetWeen tRanSIents aNd trAins of pulses (the laTTer belonging to A harMONic SigNAl coMpOsed of individuAl pUlSES of very sHoRt duration; sUch signaLs ARe alsO known As pulsE-trains).
sEVeRAl soluTionS exIst to imprOve ThE SubjectIvE qUAlity oF traNsForm-baSed audIO codECS on harmonics audiO signALS. All oF TheM explOiT the lonG-Term PeriodicitY (pitch) of verY harmoNic, sTatioNary wavEfOrms, anD arE bAsed on predICtion-baseD techNiques,
 of drilling.
In current v olumetricestim ati onte chni ques , petrophysica l  pro perties of water and h ydroc ar b onsa re  assi gned as s um e d  va lu es  an da re  inpu t i nto a n umerical s olv er  for estimat i on  of volume tri c properties  wi thin a  f orm a tion.  Of ten,the pe t rophys ical prop er t ies ar e  not al l kn own.  For example, exa m pl e s of unknown p ropert ie s  c a n  in clu de water s al inity and var y in g h ydr o carbon type/g rade column .  In  these  c ase s , form ation  t e ste rs can be u sedto collec t flui d  sample s , perfo rm dow nho leflui d  a na lys is ,  or in fer flu ids type  f ro m pre ssur e g r adie nts . Th e out come of any s uch  ana l ysi s ortesti ng d ep endson the  sele ct ion of test dep ths,  which in her en tly  c ontai n s hypo the ses  of the  fluids inpl a c e .Some known techniq ue s pr ovide fo r thee st im a tion ofco nti nuou s water  sal i ni ty and/o r satu r at io n, butdo  not a dd res s t he un k nown  hydro carbon t ypesa nd properties. Hence, therei sa ne e d fo r c ontinuous e stim a tesof w a te r a n d hyd rocar bo n  p r operties from welllo gs. Tr ansfo rm-based audi o codecs l i k e  AAC, MP 3, o r  T C X generally in trodu ce inter-h a rmonic q uanti zation n oise when p rocessin g h arm oni c a u d io  signals, par t i cula rl y at lo w b itrates .
T his  ef fec tis furthe r worsen ed  w he nthe  tran s form-bas ed  au di o c odeco perate s atlowde la y , d ue to t h ew o rsefr eq uenc y r es oluti on a n d/o r selec tivity in tro d uced  b ya short er transformsi ze and/orawor se win d o w freque ncy response.
This inte r -harmon icnoise  isgenerally  pe rceive d a s  a ver y anno ying“w arb l i ng” a r t if act ,which sign i f ica ntlyre duce s the p erformance of thet ran sform-based a udi o co d e cwhe n  s u bje ct i vel y evaluated on hi ghly tonal  a u di o material lik esome mu sic orvoice d  speech .
A commo n solutio nto t h i s p roblem isto emplo y predict i on-ba s ed  tech niq ues, p re dic tionusinga uto regre ssive(A R) mod eling  b ased onthe addition or subtrac tion o f pas t i nput or d eco d edsamples,eith er in thetra nsf orm-d oma i n orin t h etim e -doma in.H owever, u s in g s u c htechniquesi n sig nalswit h  chang ingtemporal structur e  again leads t o un w a nte d e f fect ssuch as tempor alsm e a ring ofpe rcussive mu sical ev en t s orspeech  plosi ves ore v en the cr eati onof impuls e t ra i ls dueto  t h e repe titi on  of asingle impu l s e-like transient . Thu s ,  spec i alcareha s to be take n for sign als that co ntainboth  tran sient a nd  harmo nic  c omponentso r for sig nalswhere t he re i s a mbigui ty b e t weentran si ent s and tra i n so fpu l ses  (th e lat te r be longing t o  a harmo nic signalco mpo s e d of i n di v i dual pulse s o f ver y short dura t ion; su c h sig nals a re als o known aspu lse-tra ins ) . 
Severalsolutions exi st  toimproveth e su bj ect iv e quality of tr ansform- based au d i o code cso n ha r monics  a udio signals . All  o f  them e x p loi t the l o ng- ter m p erio dic ity( pitch) of very harmonic,  sta tiona r y w avefo rms,an d are ba s ed o n predic t ion-based tec hniques,
 of_drilling.
In current_volumetric estimation techniques, petrophysical_properties of_water_and hydrocarbons_are_assigned assumed values_and are input_into a numerical solver_for estimation of_volumetric_properties within a formation. Often, the petrophysical properties are not all known. For example,_examples_of unknown_properties_can_include water salinity and varying_hydrocarbon type/grade column. In these_cases, formation_testers can be used to collect fluid samples,_perform_downhole fluid analysis,_or infer fluids type from pressure gradients. The outcome_of any such analysis or testing_depends on the_selection_of_test depths, which inherently_contains hypotheses of the fluids in_place. Some known techniques provide for_the estimation of continuous water salinity and/or_saturation, but do not address the_unknown hydrocarbon types and properties._Hence, there_is a need for continuous_estimates of water_and hydrocarbon_properties from well_logs. Transform-based audio codecs like AAC,_MP3, or TCX_generally introduce inter-harmonic quantization noise when_processing_harmonic audio signals,_particularly_at_low bitrates.
This_effect is further_worsened_when the_transform-based_audio codec operates at low delay,_due_to the worse frequency resolution and/or selectivity_introduced by a shorter_transform_size and/or a worse_window frequency response.
This inter-harmonic noise_is generally perceived as a very_annoying “warbling”_artifact, which_significantly reduces the performance of the transform-based audio codec when subjectively_evaluated on highly tonal audio material_like some music or_voiced speech.
A_common_solution to this_problem_is to_employ prediction-based techniques, prediction using autoregressive (AR)_modeling based_on the addition or subtraction of_past input or decoded_samples,_either in the transform-domain or in_the time-domain.
However, using such techniques in_signals with changing temporal structure_again_leads_to unwanted effects such as_temporal smearing of percussive musical events_or speech plosives_or even the creation of impulse trails_due_to the repetition of a single_impulse-like_transient. Thus, special care has to_be_taken_for signals that contain both_transient and harmonic components or for_signals where there is ambiguity between transients and trains_of pulses (the_latter belonging to a harmonic_signal_composed_of individual pulses of very short duration; such signals are_also known_as pulse-trains).
Several solutions_exist to improve the subjective quality of transform-based audio codecs_on harmonics audio signals. All of them_exploit the long-term periodicity (pitch) of very harmonic, stationary waveforms, and_are based on prediction-based techniques,