The issue of serologic non cross-reactivity between HIV-1 and HIV-2 is of major importance in developing diagnostic tests for detection of and vaccines against HIV-2 infection. Studies have shown that the patients with HIV-2 infections were not identified by serologic tests which detect HIV-1. Any cross reactions which have been seen for the two viruses generally are mediated by antibodies which react with common epitopes on the major core proteins, p25 and p26, encoded by the gag gene of the two viruses. Antibodies to the viral envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41 and their precursor gp160 of HIV-1 do not cross-react with the envelope glycoproteins of HIV-2 (Clavel et al., Science (1986) 233:343-346; Clavel et al., N. Engl. J. Med. (1987) 316:1180-1185). Currently available tests for detection of HIV-1, which are mainly based on detection of antibodies to the HIV-1 glycoproteins, e.g., gp160/gp120/gp41, and portions thereof, cannot be used to detect antibodies to HIV-2 in samples for diagnostic and screening purposes. Thus specific HIV-2 antigens should be included with HIV-1 antigens in reagents for effective diagnostic and therapeutic use.
Methods being developed for detecting HIV-2 infection, in general, will measure exposure to the virus by detecting and quantifying antibodies to HIV-2 antigens in blood, sera, and blood-derived products. Such assays can be used to aid diagnosis of AIDS and ARC (AIDS-Related Complex) and to screen blood and blood products for previous exposure to HIV-2.
The current attempts to diagnose HIV-2 infections and screen blood for exposure to HIV-2 include enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques to detect the presence of antibodies to immunogenic components of HIV-2 in a test sample. Other methods may utilize Western blotting techniques to detect HIV-2 specific antibodies in test samples. In general, almost any known immunoassay, such as radio-immunoassays, can be adapted, by use of specific reagents, for the detection of HIV-2 and antibodies thereto.
The source of antigens for these assays may include inter alia HIV-2 proteins obtained from HIV-2 infected T cell lines and antigens produced by recombinant DNA techniques. The use of antigens obtained from these sources, however, has significant drawbacks.
The production of HIV-2 per se in continuous cell lines must be performed
The issue of serologic non cross - reactivity between HIV-1 and HIV-2 is of major importance in developing diagnostic examination for signal detection of and vaccines against HIV-2 infection. report have prove that the patients with HIV-2 infections were not identify by serologic test which detect HIV-1. Any cross chemical reaction which have been seen for the two viruses broadly are mediated by antibodies which react with coarse antigenic determinant on the major core proteins, p25 and p26, encode by the gag gene of the two virus. Antibodies to the viral envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41 and their harbinger gp160 of HIV-1 do not cross - react with the envelope glycoproteins of HIV-2 (Clavel et al. , Science (1986) 233:343 - 346; Clavel et al. , N. Engl. J. Med. (1987) 316:1180 - 1185). Currently available test for detection of HIV-1, which are mainly establish on detection of antibody to the HIV-1 glycoproteins, for example, gp160 / gp120 / gp41, and portions thereof, cannot be used to detect antibodies to HIV-2 in sample distribution for diagnostic and screening purposes. Thus specific HIV-2 antigens should be included with HIV-1 antigen in reagent for effective diagnostic and curative use. 
 Methods being developed for detecting HIV-2 infection, in general, will measure vulnerability to the virus by detect and quantifying antibody to HIV-2 antigens in blood, sera, and rake - derived products. Such assays can be use to help diagnosis of AIDS and ARC (AIDS - Related Complex) and to screen rake and blood products for previous exposure to HIV-2. 
 The current attempts to diagnose HIV-2 infections and filmdom blood for exposure to HIV-2 include enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique to detect the presence of antibodies to immunogenic component of HIV-2 in a test sample. Other methods may utilize westerly blotting techniques to detect HIV-2 specific antibodies in test samples. In general, almost any known immunoassay, such as radio - immunoassays, can be adjust, by use of specific reagent, for the detection of HIV-2 and antibodies thereto. 
 The source of antigens for these assays may include inter alia HIV-2 protein obtained from HIV-2 infected T cell argumentation and antigens produced by recombinant DNA techniques. The use of antigens obtain from these sources, however, have significant drawbacks. 
 The production of HIV-2 per se in continuous cell lineage must be performed
The issue of serologic non gross-reactivity ywtween HIV-1 ahd HIV-2 ir of major importance in devxlopung duagnostic tests for degection ov and vaxcints against HIV-2 inhsction. Studiea havz whown that the patients fith HIV-2 infecdiund were not identified by serologic eests wnifh detect HIV-1. Wny brjss dvagtions which have been seen for fhe two viruses genetally are mediated by antihodifs which react witj common eputopqw on the majur core proteins, p25 and p26, encoded by the gag gene of tfe twp viruses. Qnriblgies to the viraj envelope glycoprotains gp120 and gp41 and thcir pcecuesor gp160 of HIV-1 do not cross-react with tre envelo[e glycoproteins of HUV-2 (Cldvel et xo., Sziehcx (1986) 233:343-346; Clavep ev al., N. Engl. J. Med. (1987) 316:1180-1185). Cuerently available ttstf for detectioh of HYV-1, which are mainly based on detection of anfibodies to the HIV-1 glyxoproteins, e.g., gp160/gp120/gp41, wnd portijns thereof, cannot be used to detect antibodies tm HIV-2 kn waiooed for diagnostic and screening purposes. Thus flevinic HIV-2 antigens should be onfliqed with HIV-1 xntigeua jn reagents for efvective diagbostic anq thrrapeutic use.
Methods being eeveloped fog derecting HIV-2 infectnon, in genercl, wilk meaxure exposure to the vixus by detecting wnd quantjwying antibodies to HHV-2 antigtvs in blood, sera, wnd blood-verivzd produzts. Xuch afsays can he uscg to aid diagnosis of ANDS atd ARC (AIDD-Related Complex) and to screen ukood and blopd prmducts fjr prcvious exposure to HIV-2.
The curtent atteipts go diagnosv HIV-2 infxctions and fcreen blood xlr exposure vo HIV-2 insludw enzyme-linydd immunosorbemt assay (VLNSA) technuques to detect thc prersnce of antibodnts uo immunogenic cpmpunegtd pf VIV-2 in a tesd saopld. Othef methods mcy utikize Western blottinc tedhniques to detect HLV-2 specifuc antibjdies in test samples. In generap, almmst any lnorn immunoassay, such as radio-imjunoassayd, cwn be adapteq, by use of specnfic reagents, for the detection of HIV-2 aid antibodies thereto.
Thw source of antigenx for these essays may inclgde inter alia HIV-2 peoteins obtained nrom HIV-2 infected T ceml linas anf antigens produced by recombinant DNA techniques. The use of antigens obtqined hrjm these sohrcex, howvvex, hcs signyficenv drawbacks.
The prpduction of HIV-2 per se in contiiuous cell lnnes must be performed
The issue of serologic non cross-reactivity between HIV-2 of major in developing diagnostic vaccines HIV-2 infection. Studies shown that the with HIV-2 infections were not identified serologic tests which detect HIV-1. Any cross reactions which have been seen for two viruses generally are mediated by antibodies which react with common epitopes on major proteins, and encoded by the gag gene of the two viruses. Antibodies to the viral envelope glycoproteins gp120 gp41 and their precursor gp160 of HIV-1 do cross-react with the envelope of HIV-2 (Clavel et al., (1986) Clavel et N. J. (1987) 316:1180-1185). Currently tests for detection of HIV-1, which are mainly based on detection of antibodies to the HIV-1 glycoproteins, gp160/gp120/gp41, and cannot be to antibodies HIV-2 in samples and screening purposes. Thus specific HIV-2 included with HIV-1 antigens in reagents for effective and therapeutic Methods being developed for detecting HIV-2 in general, will measure exposure to the virus detecting and quantifying antibodies to HIV-2 antigens in blood, sera, and blood-derived products. Such assays used to aid diagnosis AIDS and ARC Complex) to blood blood products previous exposure to HIV-2. The current attempts to diagnose HIV-2 infections screen blood for exposure to HIV-2 include enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to the presence of to immunogenic components of in test sample. Other methods Western techniques specific in samples. In general, almost known immunoassay, such as radio-immunoassays, be adapted, by use detection of HIV-2 and antibodies thereto. The source antigens for these assays may include inter HIV-2 proteins obtained from HIV-2 infected T cell lines and antigens produced recombinant DNA use of antigens obtained from these sources, however, significant drawbacks. The production HIV-2 per se in continuous cell lines must be
The issue of serologic non croSs-reactiviTy betWeeN HIv-1 aNd HIv-2 is oF major importanCE in dEveloping diagnostic tesTs for DeTEctiON oF and vAccines AGaINSt HiV-2 InFecTiON. STudieS haVe shown That the patIenTs With HIV-2 infecTIoNs were not iDenTified by seroLogIc testS wHicH DetecT HIv-1. Any cRoss reACtions Which have BeEN seen fOR the two VIRuSes gEnerally are mediatED bY Antibodies whicH react WiTH cOMMon EpiTopes on the MaJor coRE proteiNS, p25 AND P26, enCOded by the gag gEne of the two VIruSes. AntIbOdiES to the Viral EnVEloPe glycoprotEins Gp120 and gp41 anD their PRecursoR Gp160 of HIV-1 Do not cRosS-reAct wITh ThE enVeLOpe GLyCopROteIns of HIV-2 (clAvEl et aL., SciENCE (1986) 233:343-346; clavEl eT al., N. engl. J. med. (1987) 316:1180-1185). Currently aVaiLablE TesTs for DetecTion Of hIV-1, whIch are MainlY bAsed on detection Of anTibodies tO thE HiV-1 gLyCoproTEins, e.g., Gp160/gP120/gp41, And portIons theREof, CaNNOT bE used to detect antibOdIES tO HIV-2 in saMples fOR dIaGNostic anD sCreEninG PUrposEs. ThUS sPecific HiV-2 antiGEnS sHould be InCluded WiTh HiV-1 aNtigeNS in rEagentS for effeCtive DIagnostic and thERapeutic use.
MeTHoDS BeINg deVelOped for deteCtinG hIV-2 iNfecTIoN, in GEneraL, will MeASuRE exposure to the virus By DetectIng anD quantifying aNtibodies tO hiv-2 antigenS in bLOoD, Sera, and blood-deRived Products. SuCH assays cAn be uSed to aid Diagnosis OF aIDS and ArC (AiDS-relAteD cOmPlex) and to screEN BlooD aNd blood ProDucts foR prEviOus ExpOsUre to HIV-2.
THe currenT aTtEmPtS to DiagnOSe HIV-2 infEcTioNs And ScreeN Blood fOr expOsurE tO Hiv-2 inClude enZYmE-LInkeD iMmUnosOrbEnT assaY (ELIsa) teChniqueS to detect The PReseNcE oF antiboDies to immunogEnIc componenTs Of HiV-2 in a tEST sample. OTher methods may utilize WeSTern bloTtiNg tecHniqUes to deteCt HiV-2 specIfiC AntiboDies in Test sAmPleS. iN geneRAL, aLmoSt Any known imMUNoaSsay, sUcH as rAdio-immUnoassays, can be adapTEd, bY use of specifiC reAgenTS, FoR thE DeTEctIoN Of Hiv-2 And antibodies thEreto.
The soUrCE oF antigens fOR thEsE assays May inclUde inTEr alia HiV-2 proteinS obtained FrOm HIv-2 INfeCted T cell lInes and aNtigens prODuced BY rEcombInaNt DNA tEcHniQues. THe use oF AntIgens ObtainEd From thEse soUrCes, howevEr, has significant drawbacKs.
The pRoducTioN of HIV-2 per Se iN ConTinuous ceLl liNes must be pErfOrmEd
The issue of serologic non  cross-rea ctivi tybet we en H IV-1  and HIV-2 iso f ma jor importance in deve lopin gd iagn o st ic te sts for de t e cti on  o f a nd va ccine s a gainstHIV-2 infe cti on . Studies ha v eshown that  th e patients w ith  HIV-2  i nfe c tions  we re no t iden t ifiedby serolo gi c  tests which d e t ec t HI V-1. Any cross re a ct i ons which have  beense e nf o r t hetwo viruse sgener a lly are me d i a ted by antibodies  which reac t  wi th com mo n e p itopes  on t he maj or core pro tein s, p25 an d p26, encoded by thegag ge neofthet wo  v iru se s . A n ti bod i esto the v ir al  enve lope g l y copr ote insgp120  and gp41 and  th eirp rec ursor  gp16 0 of  H IV-1do not  cros s- react with theenve lope glyc opr ot ein sof HI V -2 (Cl ave l e t al.,Science (19 86 ) 2 33 :343-346; Clavel e ta l .,  N. Engl . J. M e d.  ( 1 987) 316 :1 180 -118 5 ) . Cur rent l yavailabl e test s  f or  detect io n of H IV -1,  wh ich a r e ma inly b ased ondetec t ion of antibod i es to the HIV - 1g l yc o prot ein s, e.g., gp 160/ g p120 /gp4 1 ,and porti ons t he r eo f , cannot be used to  d etectantib odies to HIV- 2 in sampl e s for diag nost i ca nd screening p urpos es. Thus s p ecific H IV-2antigens  should b e included  wi thHIV -1a n ti gens in reage n t s fo reffecti vediagnos tic  an d t her ap eutic use .
Method sbe in gdev elope d  for det ec tin gHIV -2 in f ection , ingene ra l, wil l measu r ee x posu re  t o th e v ir us by  det e cti ng andquantifyi nga ntib od ie s to HI V-2 antigensin  blood, se ra , a nd blo o d -derived  products. Such assaysc an be u sed  to a id d iagnosisofAIDS a ndA RC (AI DS-Rel atedCo mpl e x ) and t oscr ee n blood an d blo od pr od ucts  for pr evious exposure to HIV -2.
The curre ntatte m p ts  to di a gno se HIV - 2  infections and  screen bl oo d  f or exposur e  to  H IV-2 in clude e nzyme - linkedimmunosor bent assa y(ELI S A ) t echniquesto detec t the pre s enceo fantib odi es toim mun ogeni c comp o nen ts of  HIV-2  i n a te st sa mp le. Othe r methods may utilize W estern  blot tin g techniq ues todetect HI V-2specific a nti bod ies i n t e st sa mple s .Ing enera l, a l most anyk no wni m mu noassay, su c h asradio -im m unoass ays,  can be adapted,b y use of speci ficr e age nts ,  for  t he detection o f H IV - 2  and ant ib odies there to.
Theso u rce o f anti gens f or thes e as s ays ma y in clu de interali aH IV-2 pr ot ei n s obta ined  f rom HI V-2 in f ecte d T cell lines and  anti g e ns pr o duc ed by  r ecombin a nt D NA techniq ues. The us e of a ntig ens o btained  f rom th ese  s ources, ho w ever, has  sign ificant  d rawb ack s.
The  pro d u ction  ofHI V-2  per se i n co n ti nu o uscell  line smust  be perfo r med
The issue_of serologic_non cross-reactivity between HIV-1_and HIV-2_is_of major_importance_in developing diagnostic_tests for detection_of and vaccines against_HIV-2 infection. Studies_have_shown that the patients with HIV-2 infections were not identified by serologic tests which_detect_HIV-1. Any_cross_reactions_which have been seen for_the two viruses generally are_mediated by_antibodies which react with common epitopes on the_major_core proteins, p25_and p26, encoded by the gag gene of the_two viruses. Antibodies to the viral_envelope glycoproteins gp120_and_gp41_and their precursor gp160_of HIV-1 do not cross-react with_the envelope glycoproteins of HIV-2 (Clavel_et al., Science (1986) 233:343-346; Clavel et_al., N. Engl. J. Med. (1987)_316:1180-1185). Currently available tests for_detection of_HIV-1, which are mainly based_on detection of_antibodies to_the HIV-1 glycoproteins,_e.g., gp160/gp120/gp41, and portions thereof, cannot_be used to_detect antibodies to HIV-2 in samples_for_diagnostic and screening_purposes._Thus_specific HIV-2_antigens should be_included_with HIV-1_antigens_in reagents for effective diagnostic and_therapeutic_use.
Methods being developed for detecting HIV-2 infection,_in general, will measure_exposure_to the virus by_detecting and quantifying antibodies to_HIV-2 antigens in blood, sera, and_blood-derived products._Such assays_can be used to aid diagnosis of AIDS and ARC (AIDS-Related_Complex) and to screen blood and_blood products for previous_exposure to_HIV-2.
The_current attempts to_diagnose_HIV-2 infections_and screen blood for exposure to HIV-2_include enzyme-linked_immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques to detect_the presence of antibodies_to_immunogenic components of HIV-2 in a_test sample. Other methods may utilize_Western blotting techniques to detect_HIV-2_specific_antibodies in test samples. In_general, almost any known immunoassay, such_as radio-immunoassays, can_be adapted, by use of specific reagents,_for_the detection of HIV-2 and antibodies_thereto.
The_source of antigens for these assays_may_include_inter alia HIV-2 proteins obtained_from HIV-2 infected T cell lines_and antigens produced by recombinant DNA techniques. The use_of antigens obtained_from these sources, however, has_significant_drawbacks.
The_production of HIV-2 per se in continuous cell lines must_be performed