uene; vinyl esters of C4 to C30 carboxylic acids, such as vinyl 2-ethylhexanoate, vinyl neodecanoate; vinyl chloride; vinylidene chloride; N-alkyl substituted (meth)acrylamide such as octyl acrylamide and maleic acid amide; vinyl alkyl or aryl ethers with (C3-C30) alkyl groups such as stearyl vinyl ether; (C1-C30) alkyl esters of (meth)acrylic acid, such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, butyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, benzyl (meth)acrylate, lauryl (meth)acrylate, oleyl (meth)acrylate, palmityl (meth)acrylate, stearyl (meth)acrylate; unsaturated vinyl esters of (meth)acrylic acid such as those derived from fatty acids and fatty alcohols; multifunctional monomers such as pentaerythritol triacrylate; monomers derived from cholesterol or combinations thereof.
The aqueous methods used to produce the comb copolymer of the present invention may produce an aqueous copolymer composition containing water insoluble particles of comb copolymer. The comb copolymer particles preferably have a weight average particle size of from 50 nm to 500 nm, and more preferably from 80 nm to 350 nm.
Preferably, the particles of comb copolymer contain from 20 weight percent to 80 weight percent, more preferably from 30 to 70 weight percent, and most preferably from 40 to 60 weight percent polymerized units of a macromonomer, based on the total weight of the copolymer, where the macromonomer preferably has a composition as previously described herein for the water insoluble macromonomer present in the macromonomer aqueous emulsion. The comb copolymer particles also preferably contain from 20 weight percent to 80 weight percent, more preferably from 30 to 70 weight percent, and most preferably from 40 to 60 weight percent polymerized units of at least one second ethylenically unsaturated monomer, based on the total weight of the copolymer. The second ethylenically unsaturated monomer may be any ethylenically unsaturated monomer that provides desirable properties in the copolymer particles, such as those useful in the monomer composition as previously described herein.
Although the backbone of the comb copolymer may be branched, with such branching including, for example, xe2x80x9cstarxe2x80x9d structures, it is preferred that the backbone is linear. Compositionally, the backbone of the copolymer preferably contains polymerized units of the second ethylenically unsaturated
uene; vinyl esters of C4 to C30 carboxylic acids, such as vinyl 2 - ethylhexanoate, vinyl neodecanoate; vinyl chloride; vinylidene chloride; N - alkyl substituted (meth)acrylamide such as octyl acrylamide and maleic acid amide; vinyl alkyl or aryl ether with (C3 - C30) alkyl group such as stearyl vinyl ether; (C1 - C30) alkyl esters of (meth)acrylic acid, such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, butyl (meth)acrylate, 2 - ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, benzyl (meth)acrylate, lauryl (meth)acrylate, oleyl (meth)acrylate, palmityl (meth)acrylate, stearyl (meth)acrylate; unsaturated vinyl esters of (meth)acrylic acid such as those derived from fatty acid and fatty alcohols; multifunctional monomer such as pentaerythritol triacrylate; monomers derived from cholesterol or combinations thereof. 
 The aqueous method used to produce the comb copolymer of the present invention may grow an aqueous copolymer composition containing water system insoluble particle of comb copolymer. The comb copolymer particles preferably have a weight average particle size of from 50 nanometer to 500 nm, and more preferably from 80 nm to 350 nm. 
 Preferably, the particles of comb copolymer check from 20 weight percent to 80 weight percent, more preferably from 30 to 70 system of weights percent, and most preferably from 40 to 60 weight percent polymerized unit of a macromonomer, based on the total weight of the copolymer, where the macromonomer preferably has a composition as previously trace herein for the water insoluble macromonomer present in the macromonomer aqueous emulsion. The comb copolymer particles also preferably contain from 20 weight percent to 80 weight percent, more preferably from 30 to 70 weight percent, and about preferably from 40 to 60 system of weights percent polymerize unit of at least one second ethylenically unsaturated monomer, based on the total weight of the copolymer. The second ethylenically unsaturated monomer may be any ethylenically unsaturated monomer that provide desirable properties in the copolymer particles, such as those useful in the monomer composition as previously trace herein. 
 Although the backbone of the comb copolymer may be branched, with such branching including, for example, xe2x80x9cstarxe2x80x9d structures, it is preferred that the spinal column is linear. Compositionally, the backbone of the copolymer preferably contains polymerized units of the second ethylenically unsaturated
uenf; vinyl esters of C4 to C30 carboxylic acibw, such as vihyl 2-ethyuhexanoate, vinyl neodecanoatx; vibyl cyloride; vinylidene chluride; N-alnyl subsrituued (meth)acrylamidx such as octym acrvlemide and maleig acid amida; vinyl alkyl mr axyl ethers with (C3-C30) alkyl groups such as stesrjl vinyl ether; (C1-C30) sjkyl vsuers of (meth)acrylic acid, such as jethyl kethacrylate, rthyl (meth)acrylate, butyl (mfth)afrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylajs, bqbzyl (meth)acrhlate, laurjn (meth)acrymate, oleyl (meth)acrylate, palmityu (metk)acrylate, sjzqryp (meth)acrylave; unswturated vinnk estess of (mrth)acrylic acic snch qs those derived from fatty acids and fwtty alcovoms; multifunctionao nonomgrs sgch xw pdntzecytgritol trmacrylate; mknomers deruved from cholesterpl ir combinatiohs thewejf.
The aqueous methods used to produce tve domb copolymer of the peesent invention may kroduce an aqueous copolymer composition containing water itsoluuld pcvbicldw lf comb copolymer. The comb copolymer particlef ptenerably have a wcight average partocpe fize of from 50 nm to 500 nj, and more preferahly froi 80 nm to 350 nm.
Prtferanly, the particles of comb cipolymer connain from 20 weight percznt to 80 weigkt pervent, kore preferably from 30 tu 70 wsight percejt, and moag preferably froo 40 no 60 feight ptfcent polymerized units of a mccromonooer, nased jn the totwl welcht of the copolymfr, whgre tha macromonlmer preferably has a composition as previousky devcribed kerein for the watew insoluble maeromonomzr prerent in thv macromoiomer aqueouf emulsion. Tha comb copolyker partyclew alwo prefdfably contain grom 20 weiykt percenr to 80 weight percekt, mote preferably fron 30 uo 70 weight percemt, xnd mlsv presarably from 40 to 60 wekbht pdrcent kjlnmefizec units of at least mne aecond ethylenicalky unsaturqted monjmer, based on the total weight lf thx copouymer. Thg second ethylenically unsaturafed monomfr iay be any eehylcnicwlly unsatbrated monomer that provides desirable pcoperties in the copolimer particles, such ax those usefnl in ehe monomar composition as prwviously describec herein.
Although the gackbote of the comb copolymer may be branched, with such branching including, for exanple, xx2x80v9cstarxe2x80x9d stricturvs, nt ns prefqrrev vhat the backbone is linear. Compositionally, the uackbone ox che copolymer preferably contsivs polymerizea units of the second etgylenicakly unsaturated
uene; vinyl esters of C4 to C30 such vinyl 2-ethylhexanoate, neodecanoate; vinyl chloride; such octyl acrylamide and acid amide; vinyl or aryl ethers with (C3-C30) alkyl such as stearyl vinyl ether; (C1-C30) alkyl esters of (meth)acrylic acid, such as methacrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, butyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, benzyl (meth)acrylate, lauryl (meth)acrylate, oleyl (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylate; vinyl of (meth)acrylic acid such as those derived from fatty acids and fatty alcohols; multifunctional monomers such pentaerythritol triacrylate; monomers derived from cholesterol or combinations The aqueous methods used produce the comb copolymer of present may produce aqueous composition water insoluble particles comb copolymer. The comb copolymer particles preferably have a weight average particle size of from 50 nm 500 nm, preferably from nm 350 Preferably, the particles copolymer contain from 20 weight percent percent, more preferably from 30 to 70 weight and most from 40 to 60 weight percent units of a macromonomer, based on the total of the copolymer, where the macromonomer preferably has a composition as previously described herein for insoluble macromonomer present in macromonomer aqueous emulsion. comb particles preferably from 20 percent to 80 weight percent, more preferably from 30 to 70 percent, and most preferably from 40 to 60 weight percent of least one second unsaturated monomer, based on total of the copolymer. The unsaturated may unsaturated that desirable properties in the particles, such as those useful the monomer composition as backbone of the comb copolymer may be branched, such branching including, for example, xe2x80x9cstarxe2x80x9d structures, is preferred that the backbone is linear. Compositionally, the backbone of the preferably contains of the second ethylenically unsaturated
uene; vinyl esters of C4 to C30 carbOxylic acidS, such As vInyL 2-eThylHexaNoate, vinyl neodECanoAte; vinyl chloride; vinyliDene cHlORide; n-AlKyl suBstitutED (mETH)acRyLaMidE sUCh As octYl aCrylamiDe and maleiC acId Amide; vinyl alKYl Or aryl etheRs wIth (C3-C30) alkyl grOupS such aS sTeaRYl vinYl eTher; (C1-c30) alkyl ESters oF (meth)acryLiC Acid, suCH as methYL MeThacRylate, ethyl (meth)acRYlATe, butyl (meth)acrYlate, 2-eThYLhEXYl (mEth)Acrylate, beNzYl (metH)AcrylatE, LaURYL (meTH)acrylate, oleyL (meth)acrylaTE, paLmityl (MeTh)aCRylate, StearYl (MEth)Acrylate; unsAturAted vinyl Esters OF (meth)acRYlic aciD such aS thOse DeriVEd FrOm fAtTY acIDs And FAttY alcoholS; mUlTifunCtioNAL MOnomErs Such As penTaerythritol tRiaCrylATe; mOnomeRs derIved FrOm choLesterOl or cOmBinations thereoF.
The Aqueous meThoDs UseD tO prodUCe the cOmb CopOlymer oF the preSEnt InVENTiOn may produce an aqueOuS COpOlymer coMpositIOn CoNTaining wAtEr iNsolUBLe parTiclES oF comb copOlymer. tHe CoMb copolYmEr partIcLes PreFerabLY havE a weigHt averagE partICle size of from 50 nM To 500 nm, and more prEFeRABlY From 80 Nm tO 350 nm.
PreferabLy, thE PartIcleS Of ComB CopolYmer cOnTAiN From 20 weight percent to 80 WeIght peRcent, More preferablY from 30 to 70 weiGHT Percent, aNd moST pREferably from 40 to 60 WeighT percent poLYmerized Units Of a macroMonomer, baSED on the toTal WeiGht Of tHE CoPolymer, where tHE MacrOmOnomer pRefErably hAs a ComPosItiOn As previouSly descrIbEd HeReIn fOr the WAter insoLuBle MaCroMonomER preseNt in tHe maCrOmONomEr aqueoUS eMULsioN. THe Comb CopOlYmer pArtiCLes Also preFerably coNtaIN froM 20 wEiGht percEnt to 80 weight peRcEnt, more preFeRabLy from 30 TO 70 Weight peRcent, and most preferably fROm 40 to 60 weiGht PerceNt poLymerized UniTs of at LeaST one seCond etHylenIcAllY UNsatuRATeD moNoMer, based on THE toTal weIgHt of The copoLymer. The second ethyLEniCally unsaturaTed MonoMER mAy bE AnY EthYlENicALLy unsaturated moNomer that pRoVIdEs desirablE ProPeRties in The copoLymer PArticleS, such as thOse useful In The mONOmeR compositiOn as prevIously desCRibed HErEin.
AlThoUgh the BaCkbOne of The comB CopOlymeR may be BrAnched, With sUcH branchiNg including, for example, xe2X80x9cstaRxe2x80x9D stRuctures, iT is PRefErred that The bAckbone is lIneAr. COmposItiONally, The bACkBonE Of the CopoLYmer prefeRAbLy cONTaIns polymeriZED UniTs of tHe sECond etHyleNically unsaturateD
uene; vinyl esters of C4 t o C30 carb oxyli c a cid s,  suc h as  vinyl 2-ethyl h exan oate, vinyl neodecanoa te; v in y l ch l or ide;vinylid e ne c hlo ri de ; N -a l ky l sub sti tuted ( meth)acryl ami de  such as oct y lacrylamide  an d maleic aci d a mide;vi nyl alkyl  or  aryl  ether s  with(C3-C30)al k yl gro u ps such a sstea ryl vinyl ether;( C1 - C30) alkyl est ers of  ( m et h ) acr yli c acid, su ch  as m e thyl me t ha c r y lat e , ethyl (meth )acrylate,b uty l (met h) acr y late,2-eth yl h exy l (meth)acr ylat e, benzyl  (meth ) acrylat e , laury l (met h)a cry late ,  o le yl(m e th) a cr yla t e,palmityl  ( me th)ac ryla t e , stea ryl  (me th)ac rylate; unsat ura tedv iny l est ers o f (m et h)acr ylic a cid s uc h as those deri vedfrom fatt y a ci dsan d fat t y alco hol s;multifu nctiona l  mo no m e r ssuch as pentaeryth ri t o ltriacryl ate; m o no me r s derive dfro m ch o l ester ol o r  c ombinati ons th e re of .
The a qu eous m et hod s u sed t o  pro duce t he combcopol y mer of the pre s ent invention ma y pr o duce  an  aqueous co poly m er c ompo s it ion conta ining  w a te r  insoluble particle sof com b cop olymer. The c omb copoly m e r  particl es p r ef e rably have a w eight  average p a rticle s ize o f from 5 0 nm to 5 0 0  nm, and  mo repre fer a b ly  from 80 nm t o 350nm .
Prefe rab ly, the  pa rti cle s o fcomb copo lymer co nt ai nfr om20 we i ght perc en t t o80weigh t  perce nt, m orepr ef e rab ly from 30 t o 70  w ei ghtper ce nt, a nd m o stprefera bly from40t o 60  w ei ght per cent polymeri ze d units of  a  ma cromon o m er, base d on the total weight o f  the co pol ymer,  whe re the ma cro monome r p r eferab ly has  a co mp osi t i on as p re vio us ly describ e d  he reinfo r th e water  insoluble macromo n ome r present inthe  mac r o mo nom e ra que ou s  em u l sion. The combcopolymerpa r ti cles alsop ref er ably co ntain f rom 2 0  weight  percentto 80 wei gh t pe r c ent , more pre ferablyfrom 30 t o  70 w e ig ht pe rce nt, an dmos t pre ferabl y  fr om 40  to 60  w eightperce nt  polymer ized units of at leastone se condeth ylenicall y u n sat urated mo nome r, based o n t hetotal  we i ght o f th e  c opo l ymer.  The second et h yl eni c a ll y unsaturat e d mon omermay be any  eth ylenically unsatu r ated monomer t hatp r ovi des desi ra ble properties  in  t h e  copolym er  particles,  such as  t h ose u sefulin the  monome r co m positi on a s p reviously  de sc r ibed he re in . 
Altho ughth e back bone o f  the c omb copolymer ma y beb r anche d , w ith s uc h branc h ingincluding,  for exampl e, xe2 x80x 9csta rxe2x80 x9 d stru ctu re s, it is p r eferred t hat t he back bo ne i s l inear.  Com p o sitio nall y,  th e backbon e of th ec opo lyme r pre fe rabl y contain s  polymer ize d  unitsof  th e second et h y lenicallyuns atura t e d
uene; vinyl_esters of_C4 to C30 carboxylic_acids, such_as_vinyl 2-ethylhexanoate,_vinyl_neodecanoate; vinyl chloride;_vinylidene chloride; N-alkyl_substituted (meth)acrylamide such as_octyl acrylamide and_maleic_acid amide; vinyl alkyl or aryl ethers with (C3-C30) alkyl groups such as stearyl_vinyl_ether; (C1-C30)_alkyl_esters_of (meth)acrylic acid, such as_methyl methacrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, butyl_(meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl_(meth)acrylate, benzyl (meth)acrylate, lauryl (meth)acrylate, oleyl (meth)acrylate, palmityl_(meth)acrylate,_stearyl (meth)acrylate; unsaturated_vinyl esters of (meth)acrylic acid such as those derived_from fatty acids and fatty alcohols;_multifunctional monomers such_as_pentaerythritol_triacrylate; monomers derived from_cholesterol or combinations thereof.
The aqueous methods_used to produce the comb copolymer_of the present invention may produce an_aqueous copolymer composition containing water insoluble_particles of comb copolymer. The_comb copolymer_particles preferably have a weight_average particle size_of from_50 nm to_500 nm, and more preferably from_80 nm to_350 nm.
Preferably, the particles of comb_copolymer_contain from 20_weight_percent_to 80_weight percent, more_preferably_from 30_to_70 weight percent, and most preferably_from_40 to 60 weight percent polymerized units_of a macromonomer, based_on_the total weight of_the copolymer, where the macromonomer_preferably has a composition as previously_described herein_for the_water insoluble macromonomer present in the macromonomer aqueous emulsion. The comb_copolymer particles also preferably contain from_20 weight percent to_80 weight_percent,_more preferably from_30_to 70_weight percent, and most preferably from 40_to 60_weight percent polymerized units of at_least one second ethylenically_unsaturated_monomer, based on the total weight_of the copolymer. The second ethylenically_unsaturated monomer may be any_ethylenically_unsaturated_monomer that provides desirable properties_in the copolymer particles, such as_those useful in_the monomer composition as previously described herein.
Although_the_backbone of the comb copolymer may_be_branched, with such branching including, for_example,_xe2x80x9cstarxe2x80x9d_structures, it is preferred that_the backbone is linear. Compositionally, the_backbone of the copolymer preferably contains polymerized units of_the second ethylenically_unsaturated