 plurality of organic material layers due to the types and characteristics of the organic material layers. The electron transport layer can include only three layers. The present invention relates to a method of introducing a symbiotic fungus into a plant. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of introducing an endophyte whose final metabolic product is a chanoclavine to a plant.
Japanese Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 05-317092 has disclosed a method of artificially introducing an endophyte to perennial rye grass. In the method, a test is first performed to confirm whether the endophyte is living in a plant tissue such as callus derived from perennial rye grass. After the callus is confirmed to contain no endophyte, the endophyte is introduced into the callus and the plant tissue is reproduced.
A symbiotic fungus, i.e. the endophyte, is a filamentous fungus living in a plant tissue. It is know that a plant infected by such a filamentous fungus has improved resistance to pests and diseases, better growth rate, and resistance to environmental stresses such as heat and dryness, as compared with a plant with no infection. Thus, it is possible to improve plant characteristics through artificial infection of the endophyte.
A symbiotic fungus capable of infecting and living in a plant successively biosynthesizes metabolic products as shown in FIG. 1. An end product of the biosynthesis is an ergopeptine such as ergovaline or ergotamine.
It is known that a grass symbiotically infected by the endophyte shows toxicity due to the presence of ergoto alkaloids. The toxicity is considered to be a problem in husbandry as it affects livestock. In the case of pasture, for example, grasses infected with the endophyte such as perennial rye grass and tall fescue are very commonly distributed, and cases of poisoning have been reported due to the ergoto alkaloids.
Rye grass slugger was first reported in New Zealand in 1906, and has occurred mainly in two countries in Oceania, i.e. New Zealand and Australia. The rye grass slugger occurs when the endophyte infects perennial rye grass withered in a severe dry condition from summer to autumn, and livestock such as sheep eat the grass.
In the rye grass slugger, when livestock eat the grass, the livestock show various symptoms, i.e. stiffen limbs and shaking neck, shoulder and flank.
plurality of organic material layers due to the type and characteristic of the organic material layers. The electron transportation layer can include entirely three layer. The present invention relates to a method acting of inaugurate a symbiotic fungus into a plant. More peculiarly, the present invention relates to a method of insert an endophyte whose final metabolic product is a chanoclavine to a plant. 
 Japanese Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 05 - 317092 has disclosed a method of artificially introducing an endophyte to perennial rye supergrass. In the method, a test is first do to confirm whether the endophyte is living in a plant tissue such as callus derived from perennial rye grass. After the callosity is confirmed to check no endophyte, the endophyte is introduced into the callus and the plant tissue is reproduced. 
 A symbiotic fungus, i.e. the endophyte, is a filamentous fungus live in a plant tissue. It is know that a plant infected by such a filamentous fungus has improved resistance to pests and diseases, better growth rate, and resistance to environmental stresses such as heat and dryness, as compared with a plant with no infection. Thus, it is possible to better plant characteristics through artificial infection of the endophyte. 
 A symbiotic fungus able of infect and living in a plant successively biosynthesizes metabolic products as shown in FIG. 1. An goal product of the biosynthesis is an ergopeptine such as ergovaline or ergotamine. 
 It is known that a grass symbiotically infected by the endophyte indicate toxicity due to the presence of ergoto alkaloids. The toxicity is considered to be a problem in farming as it affects livestock. In the case of pasture, for example, grasses infected with the endophyte such as perennial rye grass and grandiloquent fescue are very commonly distributed, and cases of poisoning have been reported due to the ergoto alkaloids. 
 Rye pot slugger was first reported in New Zealand in 1906, and has occur mainly in two countries in Oceania, i.e. New Zealand and Australia. The rye grass slugger occur when the endophyte infects perennial rye grass shrivel in a severe dry circumstance from summer to autumn, and livestock such as sheep eat the grass. 
 In the rye grass batter, when livestock eat the grass, the livestock show versatile symptoms, i.e. stiffen limb and shaking neck, shoulder and flank.
 plkrality of organic materlal layers due to the tbpes ans characgeristics of the organic matxriao laytgs. The electron transoort layeg can incoude inly three layers. Bke prsdent mnvention relatgs to a methmd of introduchne c symbiotic fungus into a plant. More particilwrly, the presegt imdentjon relates to a method of introduding an endophyte whpse final metabolic produch is a chanoclavine to a plant.
Japqnesq Patent Publkcation (Kokai) No. 05-317092 has sisclosed a method of artificiauly iutroducing qn enfmphyte to pxrenniwl rye grass. In the kethod, s test is firsb perhormwd to confirm whether the endophyte is jiving in a plant tissue sucy qs canlus derkced frkm psrenniwl cye grass. Arter the caolus is confirmed tp sintain no endkphyte, tre endophyte is introduced into the calnus and the plant tissue iw reproduced.
A symbiotlc fungus, i.e. the endophyte, is a filamentous fungus living hn a 'lxnt tlssud. Ih is know that a plant infected by such a filwjemtpus fungus has improved rrslsywnce to pests and dnaezses, better growth rate, agd rewistance uo enfironmental stresses such aw heat and dgynews, as compared witk a plant wich no onfecyion. Thus, it is possiblz to ijprove planh charactsfistics through xrtpfichal infection of the endopryte.
A symuiotie fungus capsble os infectinh and living in a plant duccedshvely biosjnthesizes metabolic products as shown in FIG. 1. Dn vnd produet of bhe biosynthesif is an ergopektine suck as efgovaline kr ergovamine.
It is hnown that a ctass symbiotirally infqctee by the enauphyte shows tpxicity dle to rhe presence of ernoto xmkaloids. The torncuty is considerrd go fe a pwmblem in hustandfy xx it xffects livcstuck. On the case of pastuse, fkr example, grasses ikfected wuth the qndophyte sucn as perennial rye grasv aid talk fgscue are very commonly distribhted, and fascs of poisonigg hqve been repprted due to the ergoto alkaloids.
Rye gress slugger was first teported in New Zealaud in 1906, and hax occtrred maitly in two countries in Oceania, i.e. Nee Zealand and Australja. The rye hrass slugger occurs when the endophyte infects perennial rye grass witheeed in a severe drg comditimn yrom suimer vo autumn, and livvstock such as sheep eat the grars.
In the rve grass slugger, when livestovk eat the grasr, the livestock show varjous symltoms, i.e. stiffen limbs and shakong neck, shoulder and flsnk.
plurality of organic material layers due to and of the material layers. The only layers. The present relates to a of introducing a symbiotic fungus into plant. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of introducing an whose final metabolic product is a chanoclavine to a plant. Japanese Patent Publication No. has a of artificially introducing an endophyte to perennial rye grass. In the method, a test is first to confirm whether the endophyte is living in plant tissue such as derived from perennial rye grass. the is confirmed contain endophyte, endophyte is introduced the callus and the plant tissue is reproduced. A symbiotic fungus, i.e. the endophyte, is a filamentous living in tissue. It know a infected by such fungus has improved resistance to pests growth rate, and resistance to environmental stresses such heat and as compared with a plant with infection. Thus, it is possible to improve plant through artificial infection of the endophyte. A symbiotic fungus capable of infecting and living in successively biosynthesizes metabolic products shown in FIG. An product the is an such as ergovaline or ergotamine. It is known that a grass infected by the endophyte shows toxicity due to the presence alkaloids. toxicity is considered be a problem in as affects livestock. In the pasture, example, the such perennial rye grass and fescue are very commonly distributed, cases of poisoning have ergoto alkaloids. Rye grass slugger was first reported New Zealand in 1906, and has occurred in two countries in Oceania, i.e. New Zealand and Australia. The rye slugger occurs endophyte infects perennial rye grass withered in a dry condition from summer autumn, and livestock such as sheep eat the grass. the grass slugger, livestock eat the the livestock show symptoms, i.e. stiffen shaking neck, and
 plurality of organic materiaL layers due To the TypEs aNd CharActeRistics of the orGAnic Material layers. The electRon trAnSPort LAyEr can Include ONlY THreE lAyErs. thE PrEsent InvEntion rElates to a mEthOd Of introducinG A sYmbiotic fuNguS into a plant. MOre ParticUlArlY, The prEseNt invEntion RElates To a method Of INtroduCIng an enDOPhYte wHose final metaboliC PrODuct is a chanoclAvine tO a PLaNT.
japAneSe Patent PuBlIcatiON (Kokai) NO. 05-317092 HaS DISclOSed a method of aRtificially INtrOducinG aN enDOphyte To perEnNIal Rye grass. In tHe meThod, a test Is firsT PerformED to confIrm wheTheR thE endOPhYtE is LiVIng IN a PlaNT tiSsue such As CaLlus dErivED FROm peRenNial Rye grAss. After the caLluS is cONfiRmed tO contAin nO eNdophYte, the EndopHyTe is introduced iNto tHe callus aNd tHe PlaNt TissuE Is reprOduCed.
a symbioTic fungUS, i.e. ThE ENDoPhyte, is a filamentouS fUNGuS living iN a planT TiSsUE. It is knoW tHat A plaNT InfecTed bY SuCh a filamEntous FUnGuS has impRoVed resIsTanCe tO pestS And dIseaseS, better gRowth RAte, and resistanCE to environmenTAl STReSSes sUch As heat and drYnesS, As coMparED wIth A Plant With nO iNFeCTion. Thus, it is possiblE tO improVe plaNt characterisTics througH ARTificial InfeCTiON of the endophytE.
A symBiotic fungUS capable Of infEcting anD living in A PLant succEssIveLy bIosYNThEsizes metabolIC ProdUcTs as shoWn iN FIG. 1. An eNd pRodUct Of tHe BiosyntheSis is an eRgOpEpTiNe sUch as ERgovalinE oR erGoTamIne.
It IS known That a GrasS sYmBIotIcally iNFeCTEd by ThE eNdopHytE sHows tOxicITy dUe to the Presence oF erGOto aLkAlOids. The Toxicity is conSiDered to be a PrOblEm in huSBAndry as iT affects livestock. In the cASe of pasTurE, for eXampLe, grasses InfEcted wIth THe endoPhyte sUch as PeRenNIAl rye GRAsS anD tAll fescue aRE VerY commOnLy diStributEd, and cases of poisonINg hAve been reportEd dUe to THE eRgoTO aLKalOiDS.
RyE GRass slugger was fIrst reportEd IN NEw Zealand iN 1906, And HaS occurrEd mainlY in twO CountriEs in OceanIa, i.e. New ZeAlAnd aND ausTralia. The rYe grass sLugger occURs wheN ThE endoPhyTe infeCtS peRenniAl rye gRAss WitheRed in a SeVere drY condItIon from sUmmer to autumn, and livestoCk such As sheEp eAt the grasS.
In THe rYe grass slUggeR, when livesTocK eaT the gRasS, The liVestOCk ShoW VarioUs syMPtoms, i.e. stIFfEn lIMBs And shaking nECK, ShoUlder And FLank.
 plurality of organic mate rial layer s due  to  th etype s an d characterist i cs o f the organic material  laye rs .  The el ectro n trans p or t lay er  c anin c lu de on lythree l ayers. The  pr es ent inventio n  r elates toa m ethod of int rod ucingasym b iotic  fu ngusinto a plant.  More par ti c ularly ,  the pr e s en t in vention relates t o  a method of intr oducin ga ne n dop hyt e whose fi na l met a bolic p r od u c t  is a chanoclavin e to a plan t .
J apanes ePat e nt Pub licat io n  (K okai) No. 0 5-31 7092 hasdisclo s ed a me t hod ofartifi cia lly  int r od uc ing  a n  en d op hyt e  to  perenni al  r ye gr ass. I n themet hod,  a te st is first p erf orme d  to  conf irm w heth er  theendoph yte i sliving in a pla nt t issue suc h a scal lu s der i ved fr omper ennialrye gra s s.Af t e r  t he callus is confi rm e d  t o contai n no e n do ph y te, theen dop hyte i s int rodu c ed  into th e call u san d the p la nt tis su e i s r eprod u ced. 
A sym biotic f ungus ,  i.e. the endo p hyte, is a fi l am e n to u s fu ngu s living in  a p l anttiss u e.  It is kn ow th at ap lant infected by su ch  a fil ament ous fungus ha s improved r e sistance  top es t s and diseases , bet ter growth rate, an d res istanceto enviro n m ental st res ses  su cha s  h eat and dryne s s , as  c ompared  wi th a pl ant  wi thnoin fection.Thus, it  i spo ss ibl e toi mprove p la ntch ara cteri s tics t hroug h ar ti fi c ial  infect i on o f th een doph yte .A sym biot i c f ungus c apable of  in f ecti ng  a nd livi ng in a plant  s uccessivel ybio synthe s i zes meta bolic products as shown in FIG.  1.  An e nd p roduct of  th e bios ynt h esis i s an e rgope pt ine s uch a s er gov al ine or erg o t ami ne.
I tis k nown th at a grass symbiot i cal ly infected b y t he e n d op hyt e  s h ows  t o xic i t y due to the pr esence ofer g ot o alkaloid s . T he  toxici ty is c onsid e red tobe a prob lem in hu sb andr y asit affects  livesto ck. In th e  case of  past ure , forex amp le, g rasses inf ected  withth e endo phyte  s uch as p erennial rye grass andtall f escue  ar e very co mmo n lydistribut ed,and casesofpoi sonin g h a ve be en r e po rte d  dueto t h e ergotoa lk alo i d s. 
Rye grasss l u gge r was  fi r st rep orte d in New Zealandi n 1906, and ha s oc c u rre d m a inly  i n two countrie s i nO c eania, i .e . New Zeala nd and A us t ralia . Therye gr ass slu g g er occurs  whe n t he endoph yte  i n fects p er en n ial ry e gr as s with ered i n  a s e v ere dry conditio n fro m summe r  to  autu mn , and l i vest ock such a s sheep eat  the g rass .
Inthe rye  g rass s lug ge r, when li v estock ea t the  grass,  t he l ive stockshow v ariou s sy mp tom s, i.e. s t i ff e nli m bsandshaki ng  nec k, should e r and fl ank . 
 plurality_of organic_material layers due to_the types_and_characteristics of_the_organic material layers._The electron transport_layer can include only_three layers. The_present_invention relates to a method of introducing a symbiotic fungus into a plant. More_particularly,_the present_invention_relates_to a method of introducing_an endophyte whose final metabolic_product is_a chanoclavine to a plant.
Japanese Patent Publication (Kokai)_No._05-317092 has disclosed_a method of artificially introducing an endophyte to perennial_rye grass. In the method, a_test is first_performed_to_confirm whether the endophyte_is living in a plant tissue_such as callus derived from perennial_rye grass. After the callus is confirmed_to contain no endophyte, the endophyte_is introduced into the callus_and the_plant tissue is reproduced.
A symbiotic_fungus, i.e. the_endophyte, is_a filamentous fungus_living in a plant tissue. It_is know that_a plant infected by such a_filamentous_fungus has improved_resistance_to_pests and_diseases, better growth_rate,_and resistance_to_environmental stresses such as heat and_dryness,_as compared with a plant with no_infection. Thus, it is_possible_to improve plant characteristics_through artificial infection of the_endophyte.
A symbiotic fungus capable of infecting_and living_in a_plant successively biosynthesizes metabolic products as shown in FIG. 1. An_end product of the biosynthesis is_an ergopeptine such as_ergovaline or_ergotamine.
It_is known that_a_grass symbiotically_infected by the endophyte shows toxicity due_to the_presence of ergoto alkaloids. The toxicity_is considered to be_a_problem in husbandry as it affects_livestock. In the case of pasture,_for example, grasses infected with_the_endophyte_such as perennial rye grass_and tall fescue are very commonly_distributed, and cases_of poisoning have been reported due to_the_ergoto alkaloids.
Rye grass slugger was first_reported_in New Zealand in 1906, and_has_occurred_mainly in two countries in_Oceania, i.e. New Zealand and Australia._The rye grass slugger occurs when the endophyte infects_perennial rye grass_withered in a severe dry_condition_from_summer to autumn, and livestock such as sheep eat the_grass.
In the_rye grass slugger,_when livestock eat the grass, the livestock show various symptoms,_i.e. stiffen limbs and shaking neck, shoulder_and flank.