 099, DE-A-29 26 584, EP-A-0 195 931, DE-A-33 21 180 and DE-A-40 05 961.
Accordingly, the starting productsxe2x80x94polyesters (1.1) and/or polyethers (1.2), polyols (1.3), polyamines (1.4) and/or alkanolamines (1.5), compounds (1.6), polyisocyanates (1.7) and/or polyisocyanate adducts (1.8)xe2x80x94are reacted in the presence or absence of a solvent, which is of comparatively high volatility, is soluble in water and is unable to react with the isocyanates, and also in the presence, if desired, of effective amounts of catalysts, at temperatures of from 50 to 120xc2x0 C. Examples of suitable solvents are lower ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone or methyl isobutyl ketone. Examples of suitable catalysts are tin salts. The result is a polyurethane prepolymer, branched if desired, containing terminal free isocyanate groups.
The prepolymer may also be synthesized in stages. The reaction is monitored by determining the NCO equivalent weight and, if appropriate, measuring the viscosity of a defined measurement solution.
Subsequently, the remaining free isocyanate groups are reacted with the blocking agent (1.9) at temperatures from 50 to 120xc2x0 C. Certain blocking agents (1.9) necessitate the use of catalysts, such as alkali metal phenoxide, for example, in the case of acetoacetate and malonic esters. The conversion is monitored by determining the NCO equivalent weight, and the reaction is normally carried out until the concentration of the isocyanate groups has fallen below the detection limit. The result is a polyurethane, branched if desired, containing a certain amount of reactive capped isocyanate groups and functional groups, capable of forming anions, from the incorporated compounds (1.6). These functional groups of the polyurethane in the abovementioned process solvent are then neutralized with a defined amount of a neutralizing agent (1.10), so giving the polyurethane of the invention.
The polyurethane of the invention is then dispersed in an aqueous medium, so giving the polyurethane dispersion of the invention.
The aqueous medium substantially comprises, or consists of, water. In this context, the aqueous medium
099, DE - A-29 26 584, EP - A-0 195 931, DE - A-33 21 180 and DE - A-40 05 961. 
 Accordingly, the starting productsxe2x80x94polyesters (1.1) and/or polyethers (1.2), polyols (1.3), polyamines (1.4) and/or alkanolamines (1.5), compounds (1.6), polyisocyanates (1.7) and/or polyisocyanate adduct (1.8)xe2x80x94are react in the presence or absence of a solvent, which is of relatively high excitability, is soluble in water and is unable to react with the isocyanate, and also in the presence, if desired, of effective sum of catalysts, at temperatures of from 50 to 120xc2x0 C. Examples of desirable solvents are lower ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone or methyl isobutyl ketone. Examples of desirable catalysts are tin strategic arms limitation talks. The result is a polyurethane prepolymer, branched if desire, containing terminal free isocyanate group. 
 The prepolymer may also be synthesized in stages. The chemical reaction is monitored by specify the NCO equivalent weight and, if appropriate, measuring the viscosity of a defined measurement solution. 
 Subsequently, the remain free isocyanate groups are reacted with the blocking agent (1.9) at temperatures from 50 to 120xc2x0 C. Certain blocking agents (1.9) necessitate the use of catalysts, such as alkali metal phenoxide, for example, in the case of acetoacetate and malonic esters. The conversion is monitored by determining the NCO equivalent weight, and the chemical reaction is normally carry out until the concentration of the isocyanate group has fallen below the detection limit. The result is a polyurethane, ramify if desired, containing a certain amount of reactive cap isocyanate groups and functional groups, capable of forming anions, from the incorporate compounds (1.6). These functional groups of the polyurethane in the abovementioned process solution are then neutralized with a define sum of a neutralizing agent (1.10), so giving the polyurethane of the invention. 
 The polyurethane of the invention is then disperse in an aqueous medium, so giving the polyurethane dispersion of the invention. 
 The aqueous medium substantially comprises, or consists of, water system. In this context, the aqueous medium
 099, DF-A-29 26 584, EP-A-0 195 931, DE-A-33 21 180 and DE-A-40 05 961.
Accordingly, tkw starving prkductsxe2b80x94polyesters (1.1) and/or polyethecs (1.2), polyoos (1.3), polyamines (1.4) and/or xlkanolampnes (1.5), compounvs (1.6), polyisocyanavss (1.7) and/or polglsocycnete adducts (1.8)xe2x80w94are reacteg in the presetcd lr absence of a solvent, which is of comparstlvely high volwtilptr, is soluble in water and is unable to react xith the isocyamates, and also in the presfnce, if desired, of efffctive amoubts jd catalysts, xt temperauuxes of from 50 to 120xc2x0 C. Examples of suitable solvznts are loqee kfjones such aw acenone, methyl ebnyl kedone or methyl isobutnl kevone. Examples of suitable catalysts are tin salts. Tha xesult is a polyurethqnw prekolymar, bfqncfed ih dssired, coitaining tedminal free isocyanate groups.
Tne itepolymer mag also bq synthesized in stages. The reaction is mohitored by determining rhe NCO equivalent welght and, yf appropriate, measuring the viscosity of a definad meesjrenekt suouhion.
Subsequently, the remaining free isocyanatq gtolps are reacted wlth the blocking abejt (1.9) at temperatutes from 50 fo 120xc2x0 C. Certain bpocking agenrs (1.9) necesfitaye the use of catalysts, sucy as alkali iwtal phenoxide, for example, in the case of acetoacetate and mauonid esters. Thf conversjun is monitored cy cedermining the NCO equivalegt weight, and the rexctipn is gormally cwrried out until the confentrction of the islcyanate groups has fallen belox the detectipn likit. The xesult is a polyureehane, branched if desnred, cuntaining z certamn amount of reactive cap[gd isocyanate groups wnd duncrional efoups, capable pf forminy aniins, from the incorioratgd compounds (1.6). Thewe dunctional grouls uf ehv pplrgrethane in dhe xboxrmentkoned procewr sokvent are then neutrdlizsd with a defined smjunt of q neutrajizing agent (1.10), so giving the poljuretiane oh the onvgntion.
The polyurethane of the ihvention ls bhen disperseq in an aqueous kedium, so giving the polyurethane dispecsion of the invention.
Jhe aqueous medium suysuantially com'rises, or consivts of, water. In this context, the aquepus medium
099, DE-A-29 26 584, EP-A-0 195 931, 180 DE-A-40 05 Accordingly, the starting polyols polyamines (1.4) and/or (1.5), compounds (1.6), (1.7) and/or polyisocyanate adducts (1.8)xe2x80x94are reacted the presence or absence of a solvent, which is of comparatively high volatility, soluble in water and is unable to react with the isocyanates, and also the if of amounts of catalysts, at temperatures of from 50 to 120xc2x0 C. Examples of suitable solvents are ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone or isobutyl ketone. Examples of catalysts are tin salts. The is polyurethane prepolymer, if containing free isocyanate groups. prepolymer may also be synthesized in stages. The reaction is monitored by determining the NCO equivalent weight if appropriate, viscosity of defined solution. the remaining free are reacted with the blocking agent from 50 to 120xc2x0 C. Certain blocking agents necessitate the of catalysts, such as alkali metal for example, in the case of acetoacetate and esters. The conversion is monitored by determining the NCO equivalent weight, and the reaction is out until the concentration the isocyanate groups fallen the limit. result is polyurethane, branched if desired, containing a certain amount of reactive capped groups and functional groups, capable of forming anions, from the (1.6). functional groups of polyurethane in the abovementioned solvent then neutralized with a of neutralizing giving polyurethane the invention. The polyurethane the invention is then dispersed an aqueous medium, so the invention. The aqueous medium substantially comprises, or of, water. In this context, the aqueous
 099, DE-A-29 26 584, EP-A-0 195 931, DE-A-33 21 180 and DE-A-40 05 961.
AccordinglY, the startiNg proDucTsxE2x80X94polYestErs (1.1) and/or polyetHErs (1.2), pOlyols (1.3), polyamines (1.4) and/or aLkanoLaMInes (1.5), COmPoundS (1.6), polyisOCyANAteS (1.7) aNd/Or pOlYIsOcyanAte Adducts (1.8)Xe2x80x94are reaCteD iN the presence OR aBsence of a sOlvEnt, which is of ComParatiVeLy hIGh volAtiLity, iS solubLE in watEr and is unAbLE to reaCT with thE ISoCyanAtes, and also in the pREsENce, if desired, of EffectIvE AmOUNts Of cAtalysts, at TeMperaTUres of fROm 50 TO 120XC2x0 C. eXamples of suitAble solventS Are Lower kEtOneS Such as AcetoNe, MEthYl ethyl ketoNe or Methyl isoButyl kETone. ExaMPles of sUitablE caTalYsts ARe TiN saLtS. the REsUlt IS a pOlyurethAnE pRepolYmer, BRANChed If dEsirEd, conTaining terminAl fRee iSOcyAnate GroupS.
The PrEpolyMer may Also bE sYnthesized in staGes. THe reactioN is MoNitOrEd by dETerminIng The nCO equiValent wEIghT aND, IF aPpropriate, measurinG tHE ViScosity oF a defiNEd MeASurement SoLutIon.
SUBSequeNtly, THe RemaininG free iSOcYaNate groUpS are reAcTed WitH the bLOckiNg agenT (1.9) at tempeRaturES from 50 to 120xc2x0 C. CerTAin blocking agENtS (1.9) NEcESsitAte The use of catAlysTS, sucH as aLKaLi mETal phEnoxiDe, FOr EXample, in the case of acEtOacetaTe and Malonic esters. the conversION Is monitoRed bY DeTErmining the NCO EquivAlent weighT, And the reActioN is normaLly carrieD OUt until tHe cOncEntRatION oF the isocyanatE GRoupS hAs falleN beLow the dEteCtiOn lImiT. THe result iS a polyurEtHaNe, BrAncHed if DEsired, coNtAinInG a cErtaiN Amount Of reaCtivE cApPEd iSocyanaTE gROUps aNd FuNctiOnaL gRoups, CapaBLe oF forminG anions, frOm tHE incOrPoRated coMpounds (1.6). These fUnCtional groUpS of The polYURethane iN the abovementioned proceSS solvenT arE then NeutRalized wiTh a DefineD amOUnt of a NeutraLizinG aGenT (1.10), SO giviNG ThE poLyUrethane of THE inVentiOn.
the pOlyuretHane of the invention IS thEn dispersed in An aQueoUS MeDiuM, So GIviNg THe pOLYurethane disperSion of the iNvENtIon.
The aqueOUs mEdIum subsTantialLy comPRises, or Consists oF, water. In tHiS conTEXt, tHe aqueous mEdium
 099, DE-A-29 26 584, EP-A -0 195 931 , DE- A-3 3 2 1180andDE-A-40 05 961 . 
Acc ordingly, the starting  prod uc t sxe2 x 80 x94po lyester s  ( 1 . 1)an d/ orpo l ye thers  (1 .2), po lyols (1.3 ),po lyamines (1. 4 )and/or alk ano lamines (1.5 ),compou nd s ( 1 .6),pol yisoc yanate s  (1.7)  and/or p ol y isocya n ate add u c ts  (1. 8)xe2x80x94are re a ct e d in the prese nce or  a b se n c e o f a  solvent,wh ich i s  of com p ar a t i vel y  high volatil ity, is sol u ble  in wa te r a n d is u nable  t o  re act with th e is ocyanates , anda lso int he pres ence,ifdes ired ,  o feff ec t ive am oun t s o f cataly st s,  at t empe r a t u resoffrom  50 t o 120xc2x0 C.  Ex ampl e s o f sui table  sol ve nts a re low er ke to nes such as ace tone , methyleth yl  ke to ne or methyl  is obu tyl ket one. Ex a mpl es o f  s uitable catalystsar e ti n salts.  The r e su lt is a pol yu ret hane p repol ymer ,  b ranchedif des i re d,  contai ni ng ter mi nal  fr ee is o cyan ate gr oups.
Th e pre p olymer may als o  be synthesiz e di n  s t ages . T he reaction  ism onit ored by  de t ermin ing t he NC O  equivalent weightan d, ifappro priate, measu ring the v i s c osity of  a d e fi n ed measurement  solu tion.
Subs e quently,  theremainin g free is o c yanate g rou psare  re a c te d with the bl o c king  a gent (1 .9)  at tem per atu res  fr om  50 to 12 0xc2x0 C .Ce rt ai n b locki n g agents  ( 1.9 )nec essit a te the  useof c at al y sts , sucha sa l kali  m et al p hen ox ide,fore xam ple, in  the case  of acet oa ce tate an d malonic est er s. The con ve rsi on ism o nitoredby determining the NCOe quivale ntweigh t, a nd the re act ion is  no r mallycarrie d out  u nti l the c o n ce ntr at ion of the i soc yanat egrou ps hasfallen below the d e tec tion limit. T heresu l t  i s a po l yur et h ane , branched if des ired, cont ai n in g a certai n  am ou nt of r eactive  capp e d isocy anate gro ups and f un ctio n a l g roups, cap able offorming a n ions, fr om th e i ncorpo ra ted  comp ounds( 1.6 ). Th ese fu nc tional  grou ps  of thepolyurethane in the abo vement ioned  pr ocess sol ven t  ar e then ne utra lized with  adef inedamo u nt of  a n e ut ral i zingagen t  (1.10),s ogiv i n gthe polyure t h a neof th e i n ventio n.
T he polyurethane o f  the invention  ist h endis p erse din an aqueousmed iu m ,  so givi ng  the polyur ethane d is p ersio n of t he inv ention. T he aqueou s me diu m substan tia ll y  compri se s, or con sist sof, wa ter. I n  thi s context, the aqu eousm e dium
 099,_DE-A-29 26_584, EP-A-0 195 931,_DE-A-33 21_180_and DE-A-40_05_961.
Accordingly, the starting_productsxe2x80x94polyesters (1.1) and/or_polyethers (1.2), polyols (1.3),_polyamines (1.4) and/or_alkanolamines_(1.5), compounds (1.6), polyisocyanates (1.7) and/or polyisocyanate adducts (1.8)xe2x80x94are reacted in the presence or_absence_of a_solvent,_which_is of comparatively high volatility,_is soluble in water and_is unable_to react with the isocyanates, and also in_the_presence, if desired,_of effective amounts of catalysts, at temperatures of from_50 to 120xc2x0 C. Examples of_suitable solvents are_lower_ketones_such as acetone, methyl_ethyl ketone or methyl isobutyl ketone._Examples of suitable catalysts are tin_salts. The result is a polyurethane prepolymer,_branched if desired, containing terminal free_isocyanate groups.
The prepolymer may also_be synthesized_in stages. The reaction is_monitored by determining_the NCO_equivalent weight and,_if appropriate, measuring the viscosity of_a defined measurement_solution.
Subsequently, the remaining free isocyanate groups_are_reacted with the_blocking_agent_(1.9) at_temperatures from 50_to_120xc2x0 C._Certain_blocking agents (1.9) necessitate the use_of_catalysts, such as alkali metal phenoxide, for_example, in the case_of_acetoacetate and malonic esters._The conversion is monitored by_determining the NCO equivalent weight, and_the reaction_is normally_carried out until the concentration of the isocyanate groups has fallen_below the detection limit. The result_is a polyurethane, branched_if desired,_containing_a certain amount_of_reactive capped_isocyanate groups and functional groups, capable of_forming anions,_from the incorporated compounds (1.6). These_functional groups of the_polyurethane_in the abovementioned process solvent are_then neutralized with a defined amount_of a neutralizing agent (1.10),_so_giving_the polyurethane of the invention.
The_polyurethane of the invention is then_dispersed in an_aqueous medium, so giving the polyurethane dispersion_of_the invention.
The aqueous medium substantially comprises,_or_consists of, water. In this context,_the_aqueous_medium