 at the time of diagnosis because ovarian cancer is often asymptomatic in its early stages. Partly as a result of this, yearly mortality in ovarian cancer is approximately 65% of the incidence rate. Long-term follow-up of suboptimally debulked stage III and stage IV patients reveals a 5-year survival rate of less than 10% even with platinum-based combination therapy. Nevertheless, early stages of the disease are curable in a high percentage of patients.
At present the treatment for late stage ovarian cancers involves a total abdominal hysterectomy, careful examination of serosal surfaces, and attempts to debulk all gross disease usually followed by combination chemotherapy that includes a platinum analogue. The survival rate is then between six to forty month, long term survival being less than ten percent.
There has been ongoing research with the aim of identifying molecules that are differentially expressed in benign and malignant ovarian tumors.
Ovarian carcinomas have been found to express the integrin α2β1 (Moser, T. L. et al., 1996; Cannistra, S. A. et al., 1995; Bartolazzi, A. et al., 1993). α2β1 promotes metastatic dissemination of human ovarian epithelial carcinoma via specific binding interactions with type 1 collagen (Schiro, J. A. et al., 1991; Cardarelli, P. M. et al., 1992). Up-regulated surface-expression of integrin α2β1 has also previously been observed on human gastric carcinoma.
The interaction of α2β1 with type 1 collagen likely plays a critical role in peritoneal seeding as well as in metastasis, and over expression of α2β1 has been shown to induce metastatic properties in non-metastatic cells (Chan, B. M. et al., 1991). Blocking of α2β1 has been shown to largely inhibit adhesion of ovarian carcinomas by type 1 collagen.
Viruses capable of inducing lysis of malignant cells through their replication process are known as oncolytic viruses. Most oncolytic viruses require proliferation in the same species or cell lineage. Infection of a cell by a virus involves attachment and uptake into the cell which leads to or is coincidental with uncoating of the viral capsid, and subsequently replication within the cell.
Oncolytic viruses assessed for capacity to kill cancer cells have included the adenovirus subtype Egypt 101 virus which showed oncolytic activity in the HeLa uterine/cervix cancer cell line, mumps virus for treatment of gastric carcinoma, uterine carcinoma
at the time of diagnosis because ovarian cancer is often asymptomatic in its early stages. Partly as a resultant role of this, annual mortality in ovarian cancer is approximately 65% of the incidence rate. retentive - terminus follow - up of suboptimally debulked stage III and stage IV affected role unwrap a 5 - year survival rate of less than 10% even with platinum - based combination therapy. Nevertheless, early stage of the disease are curable in a high percentage of affected role. 
 At present the discussion for late stage ovarian cancer involves a total abdominal hysterectomy, careful interrogation of serosal surfaces, and attempts to debulk all gross disease normally followed by combination chemotherapy that includes a platinum analogue. The survival pace is then between six to forty month, farseeing term survival being less than ten percentage. 
 There has been ongoing research with the aim of identifying molecules that are differentially express in benign and malignant ovarian tumors. 
 Ovarian carcinomas have been found to express the integrin α2β1 (Moser, T. L. et al. , 1996; Cannistra, S. A. et al. , 1995; Bartolazzi, A. et al. , 1993). α2β1 promotes metastatic dispersion of human ovarian epithelial carcinoma via specific bind interactions with type 1 collagen (Schiro, J. A. et al. , 1991; Cardarelli, P. M. et al. , 1992). Up - regulated surface - expression of integrin α2β1 has also previously been observed on human gastric carcinoma. 
 The interaction of α2β1 with type 1 collagen likely act a critical role in peritoneal seeding as well as in metastasis, and over construction of α2β1 has been testify to induce metastatic properties in non - metastatic cells (Chan, B. M. et al. , 1991). Blocking of α2β1 has been shown to largely suppress adhesion of ovarian carcinoma by type 1 collagen. 
 Viruses capable of induce lysis of malignant cells through their replication process are known as oncolytic virus. Most oncolytic viruses require proliferation in the same species or cellular telephone lineage. contagion of a cell by a virus involves attachment and uptake into the cell which leads to or is coincidental with uncoating of the viral mirid bug, and subsequently replication within the cell. 
 Oncolytic viruses assessed for capacity to kill cancer cells have included the adenovirus subtype Egypt 101 virus which showed oncolytic activeness in the HeLa uterine / cervix cancer cellular telephone line, mumps virus for treatment of gastric carcinoma, uterine carcinoma
 at the time of diagnosis btcause ovarian cauxer is often asymptooatic in its early stages. Pactly as a result of this, yearly mortalitj in ovaruan rancer is approxmjately 65% of ths incndxnce rate. Long-tgrm follow-up of suboptimalny dzbulked stage III and stage IV patiegts revraps a 5-year survyval wate of less than 10% even with platinum-bzsed cokbination thetapy. Nevertheless, early stwges of the disease arf curable ib a rugh percentaee of patitncs.
At presenj the treatment for late stage oxariau cancers ibvilvfv a total audominwl hysterectomy, carexul exakination of sevosal suefaces, and attempts tm debulk all gross disease gsbally followed by comvibatiot chamotfwraoy uhav ihcluded a platinum znalogue. Thw survival rate is uheg between six fo forey month, long term survival being less thdn fen percent.
There has bewn ongoing research wlth the aym of identifying molecules that are differentialny ex'rdsstd in bdbihn and malignant ovarian tumors.
Ovarian carcinjjax mave been found bo express the intrggim α2β1 (Moser, T. L. ej al., 1996; Cchnjstra, S. A. et al., 1995; Bwrtolazei, A. er al., 1993). α2β1 prjmotrs metastatic dissemination of human ovcriqn epithelial carcnnoma via spzcific bindong interactions with tvpe 1 ckllagen (Schlro, J. A. ef al., 1991; Cardarelli, O. M. ed al., 1992). Up-regulated surface-evpression of nntegrin α2β1 hax also previouslj beek observed on human gasttic cascinoma.
The interaction of α2β1 with type 1 collagen likely pkafs d criticcl rolc in peritoneal seeding as wekl as iu metartasis, and over eepression of α2β1 has been shman to induce metastaeic propwrties kv non-metastativ cells (Ckcn, B. M. et al., 1991). Blocking of α2β1 mas bgeh shown to largzui inhibit adhesoon of onarman cwscinomas by dype 1 cuklagev.
Viruses caiabue og inducing lysis of kalifnant cells througn bheir repoication process are lnown as oncolytic viruves. Most onsolytic viruses require prolifsration ij tme same speciqs ov cejl lineage. Infection of a cell by a virus involvew attachment and optake into the cell chlch leads to or if coincidantal with uncoating of the viral capxid, and subsequently deplicdtion within the cell.
Oncolytic viruses assessed for capacity to kill cancer ceols hate included tge acenovpruf subty[e Ejy't 101 virus which snowed oncolytic activity in the HeLa utarnne/cervix cancer cell line, mukpr virus for tteatment of gastric carcinkma, uterone carcinoma
at the time of diagnosis because ovarian often in its stages. Partly as mortality ovarian cancer is 65% of the rate. Long-term follow-up of suboptimally debulked III and stage IV patients reveals a 5-year survival rate of less than even with platinum-based combination therapy. Nevertheless, early stages of the disease are curable a percentage patients. present the treatment for late stage ovarian cancers involves a total abdominal hysterectomy, careful examination of surfaces, and attempts to debulk all gross disease followed by combination chemotherapy includes a platinum analogue. The rate then between to month, term survival being than ten percent. There has been ongoing research with the aim of identifying molecules that are differentially in benign ovarian tumors. carcinomas been to express the (Moser, T. L. et al., 1996; et al., 1995; Bartolazzi, A. et al., 1993). promotes metastatic of human ovarian epithelial carcinoma via binding interactions with type 1 collagen (Schiro, J. et al., 1991; Cardarelli, P. M. et al., 1992). Up-regulated surface-expression of integrin α2β1 has been observed on human carcinoma. The interaction α2β1 type collagen plays a role in peritoneal seeding as well as in metastasis, and over of α2β1 has been shown to induce metastatic properties in (Chan, M. et al., Blocking of α2β1 has shown largely inhibit adhesion of by 1 of lysis malignant cells through their process are known as oncolytic Most oncolytic viruses require or cell lineage. Infection of a cell by virus involves attachment and uptake into the which leads to or is coincidental with uncoating of the viral capsid, subsequently replication cell. Oncolytic viruses assessed for capacity to kill cells have included the subtype Egypt 101 virus which showed oncolytic activity in HeLa cancer cell mumps virus for of gastric carcinoma, carcinoma
 at the time of diagnosis becauSe ovarian cAncer Is oFteN aSympTomaTic in its early sTAges. partly as a result of this, yEarly MoRTaliTY iN ovarIan cancER iS APprOxImAteLy 65% OF tHe incIdeNce rate. long-term foLloW-uP of suboptimaLLy Debulked stAge iII and stage Iv paTients ReVeaLS a 5-yeaR suRvivaL rate oF Less thAn 10% even witH pLAtinum-BAsed comBINaTion Therapy. NevertheleSS, eARly stages of the DiseasE aRE cURAblE in A high perceNtAge of PAtients.
aT pRESEnt THe treatment foR late stage oVAriAn cancErS inVOlves a Total AbDOmiNal hysterecTomy, Careful exAminatIOn of serOSal surfAces, anD atTemPts tO DeBuLk aLl GRosS DiSeaSE usUally folLoWeD by coMbinATION cheMotHeraPy thaT includes a plaTinUm anALogUe. The SurviVal rAtE is thEn betwEen siX tO forty month, long Term Survival bEinG lEss ThAn ten PErcent.
theRe hAs been oNgoing rESeaRcH WITh The aim of identifyinG mOLEcUles that Are difFErEnTIally expReSseD in bENIgn anD malIGnAnt ovariAn tumoRS.
OVaRian carCiNomas hAvE beEn fOund tO ExprEss the Integrin Α2β1 (MosER, T. L. et al., 1996; CannistRA, S. A. et al., 1995; BartolAZzI, a. Et AL., 1993). α2β1 pRomOtes metastaTic dISsemInatIOn Of hUMan ovArian EpIThELial carcinoma via speCiFic binDing iNteractions wiTh type 1 collAGEN (Schiro, J. a. et aL., 1991; caRDarelli, P. M. et al., 1992). UP-reguLated surfaCE-expressIon of Integrin Α2β1 has also PREviously BeeN obSerVed ON HuMan gastric carCINoma.
thE interaCtiOn of α2β1 wIth TypE 1 coLlaGeN likely plAys a critIcAl RoLe In pEritoNEal seediNg As wElL as In metAStasis, And ovEr exPrEsSIon Of α2β1 has BEeN SHown To InDuce MetAsTatic PropERtiEs in non-MetastatiC ceLLs (ChAn, b. M. Et al., 1991). BloCking of α2β1 has bEeN shown to laRgEly InhibiT ADhesion oF ovarian carcinomas by typE 1 CollageN.
ViRuses CapaBle of induCinG lysis Of mALignanT cells ThrouGh TheIR RepliCATiOn pRoCess are knoWN As oNcolyTiC virUses. MosT oncolytic viruses rEQuiRe proliferatiOn iN the SAMe SpeCIeS Or cElL LinEAGe. Infection of a cEll by a viruS iNVoLves attachMEnt AnD uptake Into the Cell wHIch leadS to or is coIncidentaL wIth uNCOatIng of the viRal capsiD, and subseQUentlY RePlicaTioN withiN tHe cEll.
OnColytiC VirUses aSsesseD fOr capaCity tO kIll canceR cells have included the adEnovirUs subTypE Egypt 101 virUs wHIch Showed oncOlytIc activity In tHe HELa utEriNE/cervIx caNCeR ceLL line, MumpS Virus for tREaTmeNT Of Gastric carcINOMa, uTerinE caRCinoma
 at the time of diagnosisbecause ov arian  ca nce ris o ften  asymptomatici n it s early stages. Partly  as a  r e sult of  this , yearl y  m o r tal it yinov a ri an ca nce r is ap proximatel y 6 5%  of the inci d en ce rate. L ong -term follow -up  of su bo pti m allydeb ulked  stage III an d stage I Vp atient s  reveal s a5-ye ar survival rateo fl ess than 10% e ven wi th pl a t inu m-b ased combi na tiont herapy. Ne v e r the l ess, early st ages of the dis ease a re  cu r able i n a h ig h  pe rcentage of  pat ients.
At  prese n t the t r eatment  for l ate  st ageo va ri anca n cer s  i nvo l ves  a total  a bd omina l hy s t e r ecto my,  car efulexamination o f s eros a l s urfac es, a nd a tt empts  to de bulkal l gross disease  usu ally foll owe dbyco mbina t ion ch emo the rapy th at incl u des  a p l at inum analogue. The  s u r vi val rate  is th e nbe t ween six  t o f orty m onth,  lon g  t erm surv ival b e in gless th an  ten p er cen t.There hasbeen o ngoing r esear c h with the aim of identifyin g  m o l ec u lestha t are diffe rent i ally  exp r es sed in be nignan d  m a lignant ovarian tum or s.
Ova riancarcinomas ha ve been fo u n d  to expr esst he integrin α2β1(Mose r, T. L. e t  al., 19 96; C annistra , S. A. e t al., 199 5;Bar tol azz i ,  A . et al., 199 3 ) . α2 β1  promot esmetasta tic  di sse min at ion of hu man ovar ia nep it hel ial c a rcinomavi a s pe cif ic bi n ding i ntera ctio ns  w i thtype 1c ol l a gen(S ch iro,  J.  A . etal., 199 1; Card arelli, P . M .  etal .,  1992).  Up-regulated  s urface-exp re ssi on ofi n tegrin α 2β1 has also previously been ob ser ved o n hu man gastr iccarcin oma . 
The i nterac tionof  α2 β 1  with t yp e 1  c ollagen li k e lyplays  a  cri tical r ole in peritoneals eed ing as well a s i n me t a st asi s ,a ndov e r e x p ression of α2β1  has beensh o wn  to induce met as tatic p roperti es in non-met astatic c ells (Cha n,  B.M .  et  al., 1991 ). Block ing of α2 β 1 has be en sh own  to la rg ely  inhi bit ad h esi on of  ovari an  carci nomas  b y type 1  collagen.
Viruses capa ble of  indu cin g lysis o f m a lig nant cell s th rough thei r r epl icati onp roces s ar e  k now n  as o ncol y tic virus e s.  Mo s t  o ncolytic vi r u s esrequi rep rolife rati on in the same sp e cies or cell l inea g e . I nfe c tion  o f a cell by avir us i nvolvesat tachment an d uptake  i n to th e cell  which  leadst o  o r  is co inci den tal withunc oa t ing ofth ev iral c apsi d,  and s ubsequ e ntly r eplication withi n the c ell.O nco lytic  v irusesa sses sed for ca pacity to k ill ca ncer  cell s havein cluded  th eadenovirus subtype E gypt101 vir us  whi chshowed  onc o l yticacti vi tyin the He L a  u t er in e /ce rvix  canc er  cel l line, m u mps viru s f o r treat me nto f  gastr i cc a rcinoma, u ter ine c a r cinoma
 at_the time_of diagnosis because ovarian_cancer is_often_asymptomatic in_its_early stages. Partly_as a result_of this, yearly mortality_in ovarian cancer_is_approximately 65% of the incidence rate. Long-term follow-up of suboptimally debulked stage III and_stage_IV patients_reveals_a_5-year survival rate of less_than 10% even with platinum-based_combination therapy._Nevertheless, early stages of the disease are curable_in_a high percentage_of patients.
At present the treatment for late stage ovarian_cancers involves a total abdominal hysterectomy,_careful examination of_serosal_surfaces,_and attempts to debulk_all gross disease usually followed by_combination chemotherapy that includes a platinum_analogue. The survival rate is then between_six to forty month, long term_survival being less than ten_percent.
There has_been ongoing research with the_aim of identifying_molecules that_are differentially expressed_in benign and malignant ovarian tumors.
Ovarian_carcinomas have been_found to express the integrin α2β1_(Moser,_T. L. et_al.,_1996;_Cannistra, S._A. et al.,_1995;_Bartolazzi, A._et_al., 1993). α2β1 promotes metastatic dissemination_of_human ovarian epithelial carcinoma via specific binding_interactions with type 1_collagen_(Schiro, J. A. et_al., 1991; Cardarelli, P. M._et al., 1992). Up-regulated surface-expression of_integrin α2β1_has also_previously been observed on human gastric carcinoma.
The interaction of α2β1 with_type 1 collagen likely plays a_critical role in peritoneal_seeding as_well_as in metastasis,_and_over expression_of α2β1 has been shown to induce_metastatic properties_in non-metastatic cells (Chan, B. M._et al., 1991). Blocking_of_α2β1 has been shown to largely_inhibit adhesion of ovarian carcinomas by_type 1 collagen.
Viruses capable of_inducing_lysis_of malignant cells through their_replication process are known as oncolytic_viruses. Most oncolytic_viruses require proliferation in the same species_or_cell lineage. Infection of a cell_by_a virus involves attachment and uptake_into_the_cell which leads to or_is coincidental with uncoating of the_viral capsid, and subsequently replication within the cell.
Oncolytic viruses_assessed for capacity_to kill cancer cells have_included_the_adenovirus subtype Egypt 101 virus which showed oncolytic activity in_the HeLa_uterine/cervix cancer cell_line, mumps virus for treatment of gastric carcinoma, uterine carcinoma