 equally in all directions. The amount of visible light that can be directly collected from such a source into an optical system is typically less than a tenth of the visible light produced.
It can be dismaying to pay for many times the amount of electrical energy used—even that which is directly used to make visible light, setting aside consideration of the conversion efficiency discussed above. Therefore it is common to provide reflectors behind the source, or more generally speaking to try to surround the source with reflectors to help capture a greater geometrical fraction of the visible energy. Such efforts, however, complicate and compound the management of heat thrown off due to those same conversion inefficiencies considered above.
A laser, though of course itself a costly article, greatly improves all these energy economics. Since its optical emissions are directional, essentially all the emitted light can be very easily captured for use.
Furthermore, to a significant extent the spectral components can be controlled so that minimal energy is wasted in infrared or ultraviolet radiation. A laser is therefore far more energy efficient than other sources—with respect to both raw conversion efficiency of electricity into visible light and geometrical capture of that visible light.
Lasers and their power supplies do give off heat, and this must be managed. In comparison with a typical arc lamp or like device, a laser is vastly more favorable with respect to the amount of heat, the temperature involved, and the difficulty of collection.                (ii) brightness—With most types of light sources, increasing the amount of light available calls for fabrication of a source that is scaled up in all three dimensions, more or less equally, and therefore greatly complicates the process of collecting the light and drawing off heat.        
To make a brighter laser, it is necessary in essence to make a laser which is just like one that has various desirable known properties, except with a bigger tube. Over a small range of brightness increases, furthermore, what is needed is only a longer tube. Heat management with a longer tube reduces to using the same hardware, but more of it, as with a shorter tube. Even if brightness requirements do call for increased diameter too, the elongated character of most laser structures tends to distribute and thus mitigate the problems of power and heat management.
With a bigger laser, all the greater amount of optical flux can be made to go in essentially the same direction and into essentially the same projection system as the corresponding smaller laser. These oversimplifications of course slight some practical considerations such as design of power-supplies, cooling, and lasing
equally in all directions. The amount of visible light that can be immediately gather from such a source into an optical arrangement is typically less than a one-tenth of the visible light produced. 
 It can be dismaying to give for many times the amount of electric department of energy used — even that which is directly use to make visible light, setting aside circumstance of the conversion efficiency discussed above. Therefore it is common to provide reflectors behind the beginning, or more generally speaking to try to wall the source with reflectors to help get a greater geometrical fraction of the visible energy. Such efforts, however, complicate and compound the management of heating system thrown off due to those same conversion inefficiencies considered above. 
 A laser, though of course itself a costly article, greatly improves all these energy economics. Since its optical emissions are directional, essentially all the emitted light can be very easily captured for use. 
 Furthermore, to a meaning extent the apparitional components can be controlled so that minimal department of energy is waste in infrared or ultraviolet radiation. A laser is therefore far more department of energy efficient than early sources — with respect to both raw conversion efficiency of electricity into visible inner light and geometrical capture of that visible light. 
 Lasers and their power supplies do give off heat, and this must be managed. In comparison with a typical arc lamp or like device, a laser is vastly more favorable with deference to the sum of heat, the temperature involved, and the difficulty of collection.                 (ii) brightness — With most type of light sources, increasing the amount of light available calls for fabrication of a source that is scale up in all three dimensions, more or less evenly, and therefore greatly complicates the process of collecting the light and string off heat.        
 To make a brighter laser, it is necessary in perfume to make a laser which is just like one that have various desirable sleep together properties, except with a bigger tube. Over a small range of brightness increases, furthermore, what is needed is merely a longer tube. hotness management with a longer tube reduces to using the same hardware, but more of it, as with a shorter tube. Even if luminosity requirements do call for increased diameter too, the elongated character of most laser structures tends to circulate and therefore extenuate the problems of power and heating system management. 
 With a bigger laser, all the greater sum of optical flux can be made to plump in essentially the same direction and into essentially the same projection system as the corresponding humble laser. These oversimplifications of course slight some practical considerations such as design of power - supplies, cooling, and lasing
 eqkally in all directions. Uhe amount of visnvle lijht thaf can be directly collected from suci a wourct into an optical shstem is nypically lesw than a teifh of tmz visjnle lngit produced.
It csn be dismdying to pay fmr mcny times the amount of electrical egergy uxef—even that whish ix dirsbtoy used to make visible light, settinj aside considetation of the conversion evficlency discussed ablve. Therefots ie is common tu provide gzflectors bghind the source, or more generaluy spzaking to ttv to vurround thx sourbe with reflegnors to help cspture a greatcr gemmerrical fraction of thx visible energy. Sucr efforts, hkwever, complicate abd cokpoutd tfw mxnafekeht of jeav thrown ofr due to thise same conversion igvgficiencies donsidqrqd above.
A laser, though of course itself a dostly article, greatly umproves all these engrgy econoiics. Since its optical emissions are directional, assenvixllv all gye emitted light can be very easily captured fow uxe.
Nurthermore, to a significany fxygnt the spectrxl com'knsnts can be contropled so that minimal tnergu is wasted in infrared or yltraviolet gadiqtion. A laser is tkerefore far morg enerby efficient than other soudces—with redpect to guth raw conversiun vffiwiency of electricity into visible oighc and geumettical cwpture of hhat yhsible light.
Lasers and jheir [ower supppies do give off heat, and this must be managec. Hn bomparisou with a typical ars lamp or like device, a larer is vasnly more havorable wieh respect to jhe amount of heat, thq tenperqture ivxolved, and the difficulny of xollection.                (ii) brightnews—Wuth most types pf uigrt spuwwes, increasitg tfe xkount of light ayaiuablr calls for fabricathon kf a source that ix fcaled uk in all ehree dimensipns, more or less eeuallb, and vherefpre greatly complicates the proceas of colpecbing the lighe ane drawing ofy heat.        
To make a brighter laser, iv is necessary in essenxe to make a laser chlch is just kike jne that vas various desirablw known propertiex, except with a bigged tube. Over a small range of brightness increases, furthermore, what is needed is only a lonjew tube. Heat mansgemett cith a jongxr tube reduces to using the same hardware, but moce of it, av cith a shorter tube. Even if btiehtness requitements do call for increaaed diamrter too, the elongated charactet of most laser structurcs tends ro diatribung aid thus mitigate the problzms of power qnd meat managemeng.
Wiyh a bigger lastr, aml the greater amount of optical flux xaj be made to go mn essentialpn the aame dyrection and intk esafntiauly the same lrojection sysyem as the correspongigg smaller lastr. These oversikplificdtions of conrse slight vome practical considerations such as design of powgr-supplies, dooling, aid lasing
equally in all directions. The amount of that be directly from such a is less than a of the visible produced. It can be dismaying to for many times the amount of electrical energy used—even that which is directly to make visible light, setting aside consideration of the conversion efficiency discussed above. it common provide behind the source, or more generally speaking to try to surround the source with reflectors to capture a greater geometrical fraction of the visible Such efforts, however, complicate compound the management of heat off to those conversion considered A laser, though course itself a costly article, greatly improves all these energy economics. Since its optical emissions are directional, all the can be easily for Furthermore, to a the spectral components can be controlled energy is wasted in infrared or ultraviolet radiation. laser is far more energy efficient than other respect to both raw conversion efficiency of electricity visible light and geometrical capture of that visible light. Lasers and their power supplies do heat, and this must managed. In comparison a arc or device, a is vastly more favorable with respect to the amount of heat, temperature involved, and the difficulty of collection. (ii) brightness—With most light increasing the amount light available calls for of source that is scaled all dimensions, equally, therefore complicates the process of the light and drawing off To make a brighter essence to make a laser which is just one that has various desirable known properties, with a bigger tube. Over a small range of brightness increases, furthermore, is needed a longer tube. Heat management with a longer reduces to using the hardware, but more of it, as with a shorter Even brightness requirements call for increased too, the elongated of most laser to distribute thus the and heat management. With a bigger all greater amount of optical flux be go in essentially the same direction and into essentially the same projection system as the laser. These oversimplifications of slight practical considerations such as design of power-supplies, cooling, and lasing
 equally in all directions. The Amount of viSible LigHt tHaT can Be diRectly collecteD From Such a source into an opticAl sysTeM Is tyPIcAlly lEss than A TeNTH of ThE vIsiBlE LiGht prOduCed.
It caN be dismayiNg tO pAy for many timES tHe amount of EleCtrical energY usEd—even ThAt wHIch is DirEctly Used to MAke visIble light, SeTTing asIDe consiDERaTion Of the conversion efFIcIEncy discussed aBove. ThErEFoRE It iS coMmon to provIdE reflECtors beHInD THE soURce, or more geneRally speakiNG to Try to sUrRouND the soUrce wItH RefLectors to heLp caPture a greAter geOMetricaL FractioN of the VisIblE eneRGy. suCh eFfORts, HOwEveR, ComPlicate aNd CoMpounD the MANAGemeNt oF heaT throWn off due to thoSe sAme cONveRsion IneffIcieNcIes coNsiderEd aboVe.
a laser, though of cOursE itself a cOstLy ArtIcLe, greATly impRovEs aLl these Energy eCOnoMiCS. sInCe its optical emissiOnS ARe DirectioNal, essENtIaLLy all the EmIttEd liGHT can bE verY EaSily captUred foR UsE.
FUrthermOrE, to a siGnIfiCanT exteNT the SpectrAl componEnts cAN be controlled sO That minimal enERgY IS wASted In iNfrared or ulTravIOlet RadiATiOn. A LAser iS therEfORe FAr more energy efficieNt Than otHer soUrces—with respEct to both rAW COnversioN effICiENcy of electriciTy intO visible liGHt and geoMetriCal captuRe of that vISIble lighT.
LaSerS anD thEIR pOwer supplies dO GIve oFf Heat, and ThiS must be ManAgeD. In ComPaRison with A typical ArC lAmP oR liKe devICe, a laser Is VasTlY moRe favORable wIth reSpecT tO tHE amOunt of hEAt, THE temPeRaTure InvOlVed, anD the DIffIculty oF collectiOn.                (iI) BrigHtNeSs—With mOst types of ligHt Sources, incReAsiNg the aMOUnt of ligHt available calls for fabrICation oF a sOurce That Is scaled uP in All thrEe dIMensioNs, more Or lesS eQuaLLY, and tHEReForE gReatly compLICatEs the PrOcesS of collEcting the light and dRAwiNg off heat.        
To maKe a BrigHTEr LasER, iT Is nEcESsaRY In essence to make A laser whicH iS JuSt like one tHAt hAs Various DesirabLe knoWN properTies, excepT with a bigGeR tubE. oVer A small rangE of brighTness incrEAses, fURtHermoRe, wHat is nEeDed Is onlY a longER tuBe. HeaT managEmEnt witH a lonGeR tube redUces to using the same hardwAre, but More oF it, As with a shOrtER tuBe. Even if bRighTness requiRemEntS do caLl fOR incrEaseD DiAmeTEr too, The eLOngated chARaCteR OF mOst laser strUCTUreS tendS to DIstribUte aNd thus mitigate the PRoblems of power And hEAT maNagEMent.
wiTh a bigger laser, All ThE GReater amOuNt of optical Flux can bE mADe to gO in essEntialLy the saME DiREction And iNto EssentialLy tHe SAme projEcTiON systeM as tHe CorresPondinG SmalLER laser. These oversImpliFICatioNS of CoursE sLight soME praCtical consIderations sUch as dEsigN of poWer-suppLiEs, coolIng, AnD lasing
 equally in all directions . The amou nt of  vi sib le  lig ht t hat can be dir e ctly  collected from such a  sour ce into an  opti cal sys t em i s t yp ic all yl es s tha n a  tenthof the vis ibl elight produc e d. 
It can be  di smaying to p ayfor ma ny  ti m es th e a mount  of el e ctrica l energyus e d—even that wh i c his d irectly used to m a ke visible light,  setti ng as i d e c ons iderationof  thec onversi o ne f f ici e ncy discussed  above. The r efo re itis  co m mon to  prov id e  re flectors be hind  the sour ce, or more ge n erallyspeaki ngtotryt osu rro un d  th e  s our c e w ith refl ec to rs to  hel p c a ptur e a  gre atergeometrical f rac tion ofthe v isibl e en er gy. S uch ef forts ,however, compli cate  and comp oun dthe  m anage m ent of  he atthrownoff due toth o s e  s ame conversion ine ff i c ie ncies co nsider e dab o ve.
A la se r,thou g h  of c ours e  i tself acostly ar ti cle, gr ea tly im pr ove s a ll th e se e nergyeconomic s. Si n ce its optical emissions are di r e ct i onal , e ssentiallyallt he e mitt e dlig h t can  be v er y  e a sily captured for u se .
Furt hermo re, to a sign ificant ex t e n t the sp ectr a lc omponents canbe co ntrolled s o  that mi nimal  energyis wasted i n infrar edorult rav i o le t radiation.A lase ris ther efo re farmor e e ner gyef ficient t han othe rso ur ce s—w ith r e spect to  b oth  r awconve r sion e ffici ency  o fe lec tricity in t o  vis ib le  lig htan d geo metr i cal  captur e of that  vi s ible  l ig ht.
Las ers and their  p ower suppl ie s d o give o ff heat,  and this must be manag e d. In c omp ariso n wi th a typi cal  arc l amp or lik e devi ce, a  l ase r is va s t ly  mo re  favorable w ith  resp ec t to  the am ount of heat, thet emp erature invol ved , an d th e d i ff i cul ty ofc o llection.              (i i )brightness — Wit hmost ty pes oflight sources , increas ing the a mo unto f  li ght availa ble call s for fab r icati o nof asou rce th at  is  scal ed upi n a ll th ree di me nsions , mor eor lessequally, and thereforegreatl y com pli cates the  pr o ces s of coll ecti ng the lig htand  draw ing off h eat.     
Tomake a brighte r  l ase r ,  i t is necess a r y  in  esse nce to mak e alaser which is ju s t like one tha t ha s var iou s  des ir able known pro per ti e s , except  w ith a bigge r tube.Ov e r a s mall r ange o f brigh t n es s  incre ases , f urthermor e,wh a t is ne ed ed is onl y alo nger t ube. H e at m a n agement with a l onger t ube r e duc es to  u sing th e  sam e hardware , but moreof it,  aswitha short er  tube.  Ev en  if bright n ess requi remen ts do c al l fo r i ncreas ed d i a meter  too ,the  elongate d ch a ra ct e r o f mo st la se r st ructurest ends todis t ributean d t h u s miti g at e the proble msof po w e r and heat mana g em e nt.
W ith abigger  laser, all  t he grea ter a mount ofoptical f l uxca n be  made to  g o in  e sse nt ially the samedirectio n and in t o  essen tia l ly t h e same  p rojection sy stemas the cor r e spo nding s m all erlas er.The se o v ersimplifications of cou rsesligh t  so me pr actic al  conside r atio ns sucha s design of p ower-supplies,c ool i ng,and la si ng
 equally_in all_directions. The amount of_visible light_that_can be_directly_collected from such_a source into_an optical system is_typically less than_a_tenth of the visible light produced.
It can be dismaying to pay for many times_the_amount of_electrical_energy_used—even that which is directly_used to make visible light,_setting aside_consideration of the conversion efficiency discussed above. Therefore_it_is common to_provide reflectors behind the source, or more generally speaking_to try to surround the source_with reflectors to_help_capture_a greater geometrical fraction_of the visible energy. Such efforts,_however, complicate and compound the management_of heat thrown off due to those_same conversion inefficiencies considered above.
A laser,_though of course itself a_costly article,_greatly improves all these energy_economics. Since its_optical emissions_are directional, essentially_all the emitted light can be_very easily captured_for use.
Furthermore, to a significant extent_the_spectral components can_be_controlled_so that_minimal energy is_wasted_in infrared_or_ultraviolet radiation. A laser is therefore_far_more energy efficient than other sources—with respect_to both raw conversion_efficiency_of electricity into visible_light and geometrical capture of_that visible light.
Lasers and their power_supplies do_give off_heat, and this must be managed. In comparison with a typical_arc lamp or like device, a_laser is vastly more_favorable with_respect_to the amount_of_heat, the_temperature involved, and the difficulty of collection._ _     _   __  (ii) brightness—With most types_of light sources, increasing the amount_of light available calls for_fabrication_of_a source that is scaled_up in all three dimensions, more_or less equally,_and therefore greatly complicates the process of_collecting_the light and drawing off heat.__     _
To_make_a brighter laser, it is_necessary in essence to make a_laser which is just like one that has various_desirable known properties,_except with a bigger tube._Over_a_small range of brightness increases, furthermore, what is needed is_only a_longer tube. Heat_management with a longer tube reduces to using the same_hardware, but more of it, as with_a shorter tube. Even if brightness requirements do call for increased_diameter too, the elongated character of most laser_structures tends to distribute and thus mitigate_the problems of power_and_heat management.
With a bigger laser, all the_greater_amount_of_optical flux can_be made to_go in essentially_the same_direction and into_essentially the_same projection system_as_the corresponding smaller laser. These oversimplifications of course slight some practical considerations such as design of power-supplies, cooling,_and lasing