 In addition, the inherent properties of organic materials, such as their flexibility, may make them well suited for particular applications such as fabrication on a flexible substrate. Examples of organic opto-electronic devices include organic light emitting devices (OLEDs), organic phototransistors, organic photovoltaic cells, and organic photodetectors. For OLEDs, the organic materials may have performance advantages over conventional materials. For example, the wavelength at which an organic emissive layer emits light may generally be readily tuned with appropriate dopants.
As used herein, the term “organic” includes polymeric materials as well as small molecule organic materials that may be used to fabricate organic opto-electronic devices. “Small molecule” refers to any organic material that is not a polymer, and “small molecules” may actually be quite large. Small molecules may include repeat units in some circumstances. For example, using a long chain alkyl group as a substituent does not remove a molecule from the “small molecule” class. Small molecules may also be incorporated into polymers, for example as a pendent group on a polymer backbone or as a part of the backbone. Small molecules may also serve as the core moiety of a dendrimer, which consists of a series of chemical shells built on the core moiety. The core moiety of a dendrimer may be a fluorescent or phosphorescent small molecule emitter. A dendrimer may be a “small molecule,” and it is believed that all dendrimers currently used in the field of OLEDs are small molecules. In general, a small molecule has a well-defined chemical formula with a single molecular weight, whereas a polymer has a chemical formula and a molecular weight that may vary from molecule to molecule. As used herein, “organic” includes metal complexes of hydrocarbyl and heteroatom-substituted hydrocarbyl ligands.
OLEDs make use of thin organic films that emit light when voltage is applied across the device. OLEDs are becoming an increasingly interesting technology for use in applications such as flat panel displays, illumination, and backlighting. Several OLED materials and configurations are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,844,363, 6,303,238, and 5,707,745, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
OLED devices are generally (but not always) intended to emit light through at least one of the electrodes, and one or more transparent electrodes may be useful in an organic opto-electronic devices
In addition, the inherent properties of organic fabric, such as their tractability, may make them well suited for especial application such as fabrication on a flexible substrate. example of constituent opto - electronic devices include organic light emitting device (OLEDs), organic phototransistors, constituent photovoltaic cells, and organic photodetectors. For OLEDs, the organic materials may have performance advantage over conventional materials. For example, the wavelength at which an constituent emissive layer emits light may by and large be readily tune with appropriate dopants. 
 As used herein, the term “ organic ” includes polymeric materials equally well as small molecule organic materials that may be used to fabricate constituent opto - electronic device. “ Small molecule ” refers to any organic material that is not a polymer, and “ small molecules ” may actually be quite large. Small molecule may include repeat units in some context. For exercise, using a long range alkyl group as a substituent does not remove a atom from the “ small molecule ” class. belittled molecules may also be incorporated into polymers, for example as a pendent group on a polymer backbone or as a part of the backbone. Small molecules may besides serve as the core moiety of a dendrimer, which consist of a serial of chemical shell built on the core moiety. The core moiety of a dendrimer may be a fluorescent or phosphorescent small molecule emitter. A dendrimer may be a “ belittled molecule, ” and it is believed that all dendrimers currently use in the field of OLEDs are small molecules. In cosmopolitan, a small molecule has a well - defined chemical formula with a individual molecular weight, whereas a polymer induce a chemical formula and a molecular weight unit that may vary from molecule to molecule. As used herein, “ organic ” admit metal complexes of hydrocarbyl and heteroatom - substituted hydrocarbyl ligands. 
 OLEDs make use of thin organic movie that emit light when electric potential is applied across the device. OLEDs are becoming an increasingly interesting technology for use in applications such as flat control panel displays, illumination, and backlighting. Several OLED materials and configurations are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,844,363, 6,303,238, and 5,707,745, which are integrate herein by reference point in their entirety. 
 OLED device are generally (but not always) intended to emit light through at least one of the electrodes, and one or more crystalline electrodes may be useful in an organic opto - electronic device
 In addition, the inherent pvoperties of orgcbic maverials, such as their flexibility, may make vhem well suited for particular applicatpons such as habrication on a flexiblc subabrate. Xxamples of orgsnic opto-enectronic deviwer nnclude organic light emitting devicqs (OLEDx), lrganic photottansixeors, organic photovoltaic cells, and orfanic piotodetectors. Fpr OLEDs, the organic materlals may have performajce advantates jcer conventiunal materpcls. For exajple, the wavelength at which an orgauic emissivg majgr emits ligit may generally bc readiny tunec with approprlate vopabts.
As used herein, the term “organic” inclodes polymarnc materials as well qs smaln monecuuw ofgahir mzteriaps vhat may be used to favricate organic optp-ejvvtronic devides. “Smwlj molecule” refers to any organic materidl fhat is not a polymer, abd “small molecules” mai actually be quite large. Small molecules may include repead univs in sjow fircumstances. For example, using a long chain wmkul group as a sunstituent does not rfmpde a molecule from cge “small molecule” clwss. Smajl mooecules mwy akso be incorporated into pooymers, for eqampoe as a pendent grlup on a pouymet backnone or as a part of thz backgone. Small lolecules oay also serve ar tme wore moitgy of a dendrimer, which coisistx of a rerigs of cremical shflls ngilt on the core mliety. Tve core molety of a dendrimer may be a flnprescent or khovphmrescent smalk molecule emytter. A dendriker may be a “small molvcule,” and it is beliqved that all fendrimers cnrrently tsed in rhe fieua of OLEDs are small molecules. In general, a small mplezhle has a well-dzyibed chemical fotmuua rinh e sindne molecular weieht, eherexs a polymev hxs a chemical formula ang a jolecular weight tnab may vari from mojecule to molrcule. As used hereln, “orjanic” mncludrs ietal complexes of hydrocarbyl and hetegoabom-substituteq hyerocarbyl liyands.
OLEDs make use of thin organic filmw that emit light qhen voltage is appkled across tie devyce. OLEDs are becoming an inceeasingly interesuing technology for use in ap[licahions such as flat panel displays, illumination, and backlighting. Several OOED mavewials and cknfiburatponf are dqscrmbxd in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,844,363, 6,303,238, and 5,707,745, which are incorporated hxrein by rafzrence in their entirety.
OLED cexices are gengrally (but not always) intehded to rmit light through at least one of the electrodes, and oke or morw trahsparent euectrodes may be uxeful nn an irganic optl-electronic ddvived
In addition, the inherent properties of organic as flexibility, may them well suited fabrication a flexible substrate. of organic opto-electronic include organic light emitting devices (OLEDs), phototransistors, organic photovoltaic cells, and organic photodetectors. For OLEDs, the organic materials may performance advantages over conventional materials. For example, the wavelength at which an organic layer light generally readily tuned with appropriate dopants. As used herein, the term “organic” includes polymeric materials as well small molecule organic materials that may be used fabricate organic opto-electronic devices. molecule” refers to any organic that not a and molecules” actually be quite Small molecules may include repeat units in some circumstances. For example, using a long chain alkyl group a substituent remove a from “small class. Small molecules be incorporated into polymers, for example group on a polymer backbone or as a of the Small molecules may also serve as core moiety of a dendrimer, which consists of series of chemical shells built on the core moiety. The core moiety of a dendrimer a fluorescent or phosphorescent molecule emitter. A may a molecule,” it is that all dendrimers currently used in the field of OLEDs are molecules. In general, a small molecule has a well-defined chemical a molecular weight, whereas polymer has a chemical and molecular weight that may molecule molecule. “organic” metal of hydrocarbyl and heteroatom-substituted ligands. OLEDs make use of organic films that emit across the device. OLEDs are becoming an increasingly technology for use in applications such as panel displays, illumination, and backlighting. Several OLED materials and configurations are described U.S. Pat. 6,303,238, and 5,707,745, which are incorporated herein by in their entirety. OLED are generally (but not always) intended to emit light at one of electrodes, and one more transparent electrodes be useful in opto-electronic devices
 In addition, the inherent propErties of orGanic MatEriAlS, sucH as tHeir flexibilitY, May mAke them well suited for paRticuLaR ApplICaTions Such as fABrICAtiOn On A flExIBlE subsTraTe. ExampLes of organIc oPtO-electronic dEViCes include OrgAnic light emiTtiNg deviCeS (OLeds), orgAniC photOtransIStors, oRganic phoToVOltaic CElls, and ORGaNic pHotodetectors. For OleDS, The organic mateRials mAy HAvE PErfOrmAnce advantAgEs oveR ConventIOnAL MAteRIals. For examplE, the wavelenGTh aT which An OrgANic emiSsive LaYEr eMits light maY genErally be rEadily TUned witH ApproprIate doPanTs.
AS useD HeReIn, tHe TErm “ORgAniC” IncLudes polYmErIc matEriaLS AS Well As sMall MolecUle organic matEriAls tHAt mAy be uSed to FabrIcAte orGanic oPto-elEcTronic devices. “SmAll mOlecule” reFerS tO anY oRganiC MateriAl tHat Is not a pOlymer, aND “smAlL MOLeCules” may actually be QuITE lArge. SmalL molecULeS mAY include RePeaT uniTS In somE cirCUmStances. FOr examPLe, UsIng a lonG cHain alKyL grOup As a suBStitUent doEs not remOve a mOLecule from the “sMAll molecule” clASs. sMAlL MoleCulEs may also be IncoRPoraTed iNTo PolYMers, fOr exaMpLE aS A pendent group on a polYmEr backBone oR as a part of the Backbone. SmALL MoleculeS may ALsO Serve as the core MoietY of a dendriMEr, which cOnsisTs of a serIes of chemICAl shells BuiLt oN thE coRE MoIety. The core moIETy of A dEndrimeR maY be a fluOreSceNt oR phOsPhorescenT small moLeCuLe EmIttEr. A deNDrimer maY bE a “sMaLl mOlecuLE,” and it Is belIeveD tHaT All DendrimERs CURrenTlY uSed iN thE fIeld oF OLEdS arE small mOlecules. IN geNEral, A sMaLl molecUle has a well-deFiNed chemicaL fOrmUla witH A Single moLecular weight, whereas a poLYmer has A chEmicaL forMula and a mOleCular wEigHT that mAy vary From mOlEcuLE To molECUlE. As UsEd herein, “orGANic” IncluDeS metAl complExes of hydrocarbyl aND heTeroatom-substItuTed hYDRoCarBYl LIgaNdS.
oLEdS Make use of thin orGanic films ThAT eMit light whEN voLtAge is apPlied acRoss tHE device. oLEDs are bEcoming an InCreaSINglY interestiNg technoLogy for usE In appLIcAtionS suCh as flAt PanEl disPlays, iLLumInatiOn, and bAcKlightIng. SeVeRal OLED mAterials and configuratioNs are dEscriBed In U.S. Pat. NoS. 5,844,363, 6,303,238, anD 5,707,745, WhiCh are incoRporAted herein By rEfeRence In tHEir enTireTY.
OlED DEviceS are GEnerally (bUT nOt aLWAyS) intended to EMIT liGht thRouGH at leaSt onE of the electrodes, aND one or more tranSparENT elEctROdes MaY be useful in an oRgaNiC OPto-electRoNic devices
 In addition, the inherent  propertie s oforg ani cmate rial s, such as the i r fl exibility, may make th em we ll suit e dfor p articul a ra p pli ca ti ons  s u ch  as f abr ication  on a flex ibl esubstrate. E x am ples of or gan ic opto-elec tro nic de vi ces inclu deorgan ic lig h t emit ting devi ce s  (OLED s ), orga n i cphot otransistors, org a ni c  photovoltaiccells,  a n do r gan icphotodetec to rs. F o r OLEDs ,  t h e org a nic materials  may have p e rfo rmance  a dva n tagesoverco n ven tional mate rial s. For ex ample, the wav e lengthat whi chanorga n ic  e mis si v e l a ye r e m its  light m ay  g enera llyb e r eadi lytune d wit h appropriate  do pant s .
A s use d her ein,  t he te rm “or ganic ”includes polyme ricmaterials  as  w ell  a s sma l l mole cul e o rganicmateria l s t ha t m ay  be used to fabric at e or ganic op to-ele c tr on i c device s.  “S mall m olecu le”r ef ers to a ny org a ni cmateria lthat i snot  apolym e r, a nd “sm all mole cules ”  may actuallyb e quite large .  S m a ll mole cul es may incl uder epea t un i ts  in somecircu ms t an c es. For example, us in g a lo ng ch ain alkyl gro up as a su b s t ituent d oesn ot remove a molec ule f rom the “s m all mole cule”  class.Small mol e c ules may  al sobeinc o r po rated into po l y mers ,for exa mpl e as apen den t g rou pon a poly mer back bo ne  o rasa par t  of theba ckb on e.Small molecu les m ay a ls os erv e as th e  c o r e mo ie ty  ofa d en drime r, w h ich  consis ts of a s eri e s of  c he mical s hells built o nthe core m oi ety . Thec o re moiet y of a dendrimer may be a fluor esc ent o r ph osphoresc ent  small  mo l eculeemitte r. Ade ndr i m er ma y be  a“s mall molec u l e,”  andit  isbelieve d that all dendrim e rscurrently use d i n th e fi eld of OLE Ds are s mall molecules.  In genera l, asmall mole c ule  h as a we ll-defi ned c h emicalformula w ith a sin gl e mo l e cul ar weight,  whereas  a polyme r  hasa  c hemic alformul aand  a mo lecula r  we ightthat m ay  varyfrommo lecule t o molecule. As used her ein, “ organ ic”  includes  me t alcomplexes  ofhydrocarby l a ndheter oat o m-sub stit u te d h y droca rbyl ligands.O LE Dsm a ke  use of thi n o rga nic f ilm s  thatemit  light when volta g e is applied a cros s the  de v ice.  O LEDs are becom ing  a n increasi ng ly interest ing tech no l ogy f or use  in ap plicati o n ss uch as  fla t p anel disp lay s, illumin at io n , andback li ghting . Seve r al O L E D materials andconfi g u ratio n s a re de sc ribed i n  U.S . Pat. Nos . 5,844,363 , 6,30 3,23 8, an d 5,707 ,7 45, wh ich  a re incorpo r ated here in by  refere nc e in  th eir en tire t y .
OLE D de vi ces  are gene r a ll y  ( bu t  no t al ways)  i nten ded to em i t lightthr o ugh atle ast o ne oft he e lectrodes,  an d one o r more tra n spar e nt elect rodesmay be  useful inan  organi c o p t o-electro nic devic e s
 In_addition, the_inherent properties of organic_materials, such_as_their flexibility,_may_make them well_suited for particular_applications such as fabrication_on a flexible_substrate._Examples of organic opto-electronic devices include organic light emitting devices (OLEDs), organic phototransistors, organic_photovoltaic_cells, and_organic_photodetectors._For OLEDs, the organic materials_may have performance advantages over_conventional materials._For example, the wavelength at which an organic_emissive_layer emits light_may generally be readily tuned with appropriate dopants.
As used_herein, the term “organic” includes polymeric_materials as well_as_small_molecule organic materials that_may be used to fabricate organic_opto-electronic devices. “Small molecule” refers to_any organic material that is not a_polymer, and “small molecules” may actually_be quite large. Small molecules_may include_repeat units in some circumstances._For example, using_a long_chain alkyl group_as a substituent does not remove_a molecule from_the “small molecule” class. Small molecules_may_also be incorporated_into_polymers,_for example_as a pendent_group_on a_polymer_backbone or as a part of_the_backbone. Small molecules may also serve as_the core moiety of_a_dendrimer, which consists of_a series of chemical shells_built on the core moiety. The_core moiety_of a_dendrimer may be a fluorescent or phosphorescent small molecule emitter. A_dendrimer may be a “small molecule,”_and it is believed_that all_dendrimers_currently used in_the_field of_OLEDs are small molecules. In general, a_small molecule_has a well-defined chemical formula with_a single molecular weight,_whereas_a polymer has a chemical formula_and a molecular weight that may_vary from molecule to molecule._As_used_herein, “organic” includes metal complexes_of hydrocarbyl and heteroatom-substituted hydrocarbyl ligands.
OLEDs_make use of_thin organic films that emit light when_voltage_is applied across the device. OLEDs_are_becoming an increasingly interesting technology for_use_in_applications such as flat panel_displays, illumination, and backlighting. Several OLED_materials and configurations are described in U.S. Pat. Nos._5,844,363, 6,303,238, and_5,707,745, which are incorporated herein_by_reference_in their entirety.
OLED devices are generally (but not always) intended_to emit_light through at_least one of the electrodes, and one or more transparent_electrodes may be useful in an organic_opto-electronic devices