 compromised lower respiratory tract or a compromised systemic defence mechanism (for example in patients with cystic fibrosis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Primary pneumonia occurs in patients with chronic lung disease and congestive heart failure. Bacteraemic pneumonia commonly occurs in neutropenic cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Lower respiratory tract colonisation of cystic fibrosis patients by mucoid strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is common and difficult to treat. There is a need to develop an effective means of treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen that is normally encountered on the skin and in the nose of many healthy people where it lives completely harmlessly. S. aureus can, however, cause problems when it is able to enter the body causing abscesses, boils, pimples, impetigo and wound infections, whether accidental or surgical. If the infection gets into the bloodstream and travel to different parts of the body it can cause blood poisoning (septicaemia), bone infection (osteomyelitis), heart valve infection (endocarditis) and lung infection (pneumonia). MRSA is a type of S. aureus that is resistant to many commonly prescribed antibiotics, including methicillin (˜40% of S. aureus infections in the UK are resistant to methicillin and other antibiotics), and is commonly referred to in the popular press as a “superbug”. MRSA is one of the most prevalent microbes involved with healthcare-associated infections. Infections are normally confined to hospitals, and in particular to vulnerable and/or debilitated patients, including patients in intensive care units, burns units and orthopaedic wards. MRSA is more difficult to treat because many antibiotics are ineffective, and those that are effective often need to be given at much higher doses, intravenously, over prolonged periods of time (several weeks) thereby highlighting the need to develop alternative antimicrobial therapies.
Since microbial pathogens do not readily acquire resistance to cationic peptides, despite evolutionary pressure from millions of years of co-existence, they remain attractive therapeutic targets. In our co-pending applications, WO 2006/018652 and WO 2008/093058, we describe the identification of peptides that can be used to treat microbial infections, including bacterial infections.
A microbial biofilm is a community of microbial cells embedded in an extracellular matrix of polymeric substances and adherent to a biological or a non-biotic surface. A range of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, and/or protozoa, with associated bacteriophages and other viruses) can be found in these biofilms. Biofilms are
compromised lower respiratory tract or a compromised systemic defense mechanism (for case in patients with cystic fibrosis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). elementary pneumonia occurs in patients with chronic lung disease and congestive center failure. Bacteraemic pneumonia commonly happen in neutropenic cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. low respiratory tract colonisation of cystic fibrosis patients by mucoid strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is common and difficult to process. There is a need to develop an effective mean of treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. 
 Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunist pathogen that is normally encountered on the peel and in the nose of many goodly people where it lives completely harmlessly. S. aureus can, however, cause problem when it is able to enter the body causing abscesses, boils, pimple, impetigo and wound infection, whether accidental or surgical. If the infection gets into the bloodstream and travel to different parts of the body it can cause blood poisoning (septicaemia), bone infection (osteomyelitis), center valve infection (endocarditis) and lung infection (pneumonia). MRSA is a character of S. aureus that is insubordinate to many normally prescribed antibiotics, including methicillin (˜40% of S. aureus infections in the UK are resistant to methicillin and other antibiotics), and is commonly refer to in the popular press as a “ superbug ”. MRSA is one of the most prevalent microbes involved with healthcare - consort infections. Infections are normally confined to hospitals, and in especial to vulnerable and/or debilitated patient, including patients in intensive care units, burns unit and orthopaedic wards. MRSA is more difficult to treat because many antibiotics are ineffective, and those that are effective often need to be given at a lot higher doses, intravenously, over prolonged periods of time (respective weeks) thereby highlighting the need to develop alternate antimicrobial therapies. 
 Since microbial pathogens do not promptly acquire resistance to cationic peptides, despite evolutionary pressure from millions of old age of co - universe, they remain attractive therapeutic targets. In our co - pending applications, WO 2006/018652 and WO 2008/093058, we describe the designation of peptides that can be used to process microbial infections, including bacterial infections. 
 A microbial biofilm is a community of microbial cells embedded in an extracellular matrix of polymeric meaning and adherent to a biological or a non - biotic surface. A range of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, and/or protozoa, with associated bacteriophages and early viruses) can be found in these biofilms. Biofilms are
 colpromised lower respiratury tract or a eimprommsed syatemic ddfence mechanism (for example ib patuents with cystic fibrusis or cjronic ovstrnctive pulmonary disease). Primadn pnebminia occurs in patients fith chronic lgne bisease and congestive heart failure. Bacterselic pneumonia sommpgly kbcmrs in neutropenic cancer patienfs undeggoing chemotheraly. Lower respiratory tract collnisation of cystif fibrosis kztiqbts by mucoia strains of Pseudomonzs aeruginosa is common and difwiculc to treat. Jkwre hs a need ti devvlop an effecbpve meats of tteating Pseudokones awruginosa infections.
Svaphylococcus aureus is an op[oxtunistic pathogen thqt is nmrmanly dbcojnttrev oh the dkii and in ths nose of mqny healthy people ehqgr it lives ckmpletqlr harmlessly. S. aureus can, however, cause prkblems when it is able ro enter the body cauding abscqsses, boils, pimples, impetigo and wound infections, whetief aegldengql or surgical. If the infection gets into the bjkocsnream and travel bo different parts ov yre body it cav causz bmood poisoning (sephicaemiw), bonw infectijn (oxteomyelitis), heart valve indection (endobardutis) and lung infeetion (pneumouia). MRXA is a type of S. aureus thac is rssistant to many comjunly prescribed xntpbiodics, including methicillin (˜40% of S. auceus nnfectiovs im the TK are reslstanb to methicillin anf othgr anthbiotics), ajd is commonly referred to in tix popular prexs as a “superyug”. MRXA is one of ehe most prevakent mierobes involved sith heelthcare-assosiated infecthlns. Infectiois are nowmaloy cinfined go hospitals, amd in parnieular to culnerable and/or dcbilijafed patients, ineuoeing patients on kntqndite cawa units, burnv unkts snd ofthopaedic cafds. KRSA is more difficunt tk treat because mamy antibiojics are yneffective, amd those that are tffectmve ofven nerd jo be given at much higher dosea, intravejoufly, over projongcd pgriods of tnme (several weeks) thereby highlighting tie need to develop altgrnative antimicrobiak therapies.
Smnce mycrobial [athogens do not reaeily acquire resixtance to cationic peltides, desplte evolutionary pressure from millions of years of co-existence, they remaun attcastive theraleutoc taggecs. Nn our so-peidmng applications, EO 2006/018652 and WO 2008/093058, we describe the ideitificatiot jf peptides that can be used tu treat microcial infections, includinf bacteroal infections.
A microbial biofikm is a community of micvobial ceols ejbedded in an extracellular katrix of pilymerix sunstances and aahetekt to a billogmcam or a non-biotic surface. A range of mixrlorganisms (bactecia, fungi, anf/ur prktozoa, with associated bacffriopfages and othrr viruses) can be found in these bpofylms. Biofilms qge
compromised lower respiratory tract or a compromised mechanism example in with cystic fibrosis Primary occurs in patients chronic lung disease congestive heart failure. Bacteraemic pneumonia commonly in neutropenic cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Lower respiratory tract colonisation of cystic fibrosis by mucoid strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is common and difficult to treat. There a to an means of treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen that is normally encountered the skin and in the nose of many people where it lives harmlessly. S. aureus can, however, problems it is to the causing abscesses, boils, impetigo and wound infections, whether accidental or surgical. If the infection gets into the bloodstream and travel different parts body it cause poisoning bone infection (osteomyelitis), infection (endocarditis) and lung infection (pneumonia). type of S. aureus that is resistant to commonly prescribed including methicillin (˜40% of S. aureus in the UK are resistant to methicillin and antibiotics), and is commonly referred to in the popular press as a “superbug”. MRSA is the most prevalent microbes with healthcare-associated infections. are confined hospitals, in particular vulnerable and/or debilitated patients, including patients in intensive care units, burns and orthopaedic wards. MRSA is more difficult to treat because are and those that effective often need to given much higher doses, intravenously, periods time highlighting need develop alternative antimicrobial therapies. microbial pathogens do not readily resistance to cationic peptides, of years of co-existence, they remain attractive therapeutic In our co-pending applications, WO 2006/018652 and 2008/093058, we describe the identification of peptides that can be used to microbial infections, infections. A microbial biofilm is a community of cells embedded in an matrix of polymeric substances and adherent to a biological a surface. A of microorganisms (bacteria, and/or protozoa, with bacteriophages and other be found these Biofilms
 compromised lower respiratoRy tract or a ComprOmiSed SyStemIc deFence mechanism (FOr exAmple in patients with cysTic fiBrOSis oR ChRonic ObstrucTIvE PUlmOnArY diSeASe). primaRy pNeumoniA occurs in pAtiEnTs with chroniC LuNg disease aNd cOngestive heaRt fAilure. baCteRAemic PneUmoniA commoNLy occuRs in neutrOpENic canCEr patieNTS uNderGoing chemotherapy. lOwER respiratory trAct colOnISaTIOn oF cyStic fibrosIs PatieNTs by mucOId STRAinS Of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa iS ComMon and DiFfiCUlt to tReat. THeRE is A need to deveLop aN effectivE means OF treatiNG PseudoMonas aEruGinOsa iNFeCtIonS.
STAphYLoCocCUs aUreus is aN oPpOrtunIstiC PATHogeN thAt is NormaLly encountereD on The sKIn aNd in tHe nosE of mAnY healThy peoPle whErE it lives completEly hArmlessly. s. auReUs cAn, HowevER, cause ProBleMs when iT is able TO enTeR THE bOdy causing abscesseS, bOILs, Pimples, iMpetigO AnD wOUnd infecTiOns, WhetHER acciDentAL oR surgicaL. If the INfEcTion getS iNto the BlOodStrEam anD TravEl to diFferent pArts oF The body it can caUSe blood poisonINg (SEPtICaemIa), bOne infectioN (ostEOmyeLitiS), HeArt VAlve iNfectIoN (EnDOcarditis) and lung infEcTion (pnEumonIa). MRSA is a type Of S. aureus tHAT Is resistAnt tO MaNY commonly prescRibed AntibioticS, IncludinG methIcillin (˜40% oF S. aureus iNFEctions iN thE UK Are ResISTaNt to methicillIN And oThEr antibIotIcs), and iS coMmoNly RefErRed to in thE popular PrEsS aS a “SupErbug”. mrSA is one Of The MoSt pRevalENt micrObes iNvolVeD wITh hEalthcaRE-aSSOciaTeD iNfecTioNs. infecTionS Are NormallY confined To hOSpitAlS, aNd in parTicular to vulnErAble and/or dEbIliTated pATIents, incLuding patients in intensiVE care unIts, Burns UnitS and orthoPaeDic warDs. MrsA is moRe diffIcult To TreAT BecauSE MaNy aNtIbiotics arE INefFectiVe, And tHose thaT are effective often NEed To be given at muCh hIgheR DOsEs, iNTrAVenOuSLy, oVER prolonged perioDs of time (seVeRAl Weeks) thereBY hiGhLightinG the neeD to deVElop altErnative aNtimicrobIaL theRAPieS.
Since micrObial patHogens do nOT readILy AcquiRe rEsistaNcE to CatioNic pepTIdeS, despIte evoLuTionarY presSuRe from miLlions of years of co-existeNce, theY remaIn aTtractive TheRApeUtic targeTs. In Our co-pendiNg aPplIcatiOns, wo 2006/018652 and Wo 2008/093058, we dEScRibE The idEntiFIcation of PEpTidES ThAt can be used TO TReaT micrObiAL infecTionS, including bacteriAL infections.
A miCrobIAL biOfiLM is a CoMmunity of microBiaL cELLs embeddEd In an extraceLlular maTrIX of poLymeriC substAnces anD ADhERent to A bioLogIcal or a noN-biOtIC surfacE. A RaNGe of miCrooRgAnisms (BacterIA, funGI, And/or protozoa, witH assoCIAted bACteRiophAgEs and otHEr viRuses) can be Found in thesE biofiLms. BIofilMs are
 compromised lower respira tory tract  or a  co mpr om ised  sys temic defencem echa nism (for example in p atien ts with cy sticfibrosi s  o r chr on ic  ob st r uc tivepul monarydisease).Pri ma ry pneumonia oc curs in pa tie nts with chr oni c lung  d ise a se an d c onges tive h e art fa ilure. Ba ct e raemic pneumon i a  c ommo nly occurs in neu t ro p enic cancer pa tients  u n de r g oin g c hemotherap y.  Lowe r  respir a to r y tra c t colonisatio n of cystic fib rosispa tie n ts bymucoi ds tra ins of Pseu domo nas aerug inosai s commo n  and di fficul t t o t reat .  T he reis a n e ed  to dev elop anef fe ctive  mea n s o f tr eat ingPseud omonas aerugi nos a in f ect ions. 
Stap hylo co ccusaureus  is a nopportunistic p atho gen thatisno rma ll y enc o untere d o n t he skin  and in the  n o s e  o f many healthy peo pl e wh ere it l ives c o mp le t ely harm le ssl y. S . aureu s ca n ,however,  cause pr ob lems wh en  it is  a ble  to  ente r  the  bodycausingabsce s ses, boils, pi m ples, impetig o  a n d  w o undinf ections, wh ethe r  acc iden t al  or surgi cal.If th e  infection gets int othe bl oodst ream and trav el to diff e r e nt parts  oft he body it can ca use b lood poiso n ing (sep ticae mia), bo ne infect i o n (osteo mye lit is) , h e a rt  valve infect i o n (e nd ocardit is)  and lu nginf ect ion  ( pneumonia ). MRSAis  a  t yp e o f S.a ureus th at  is  r esi stant to man y com monl ypr e scr ibed an t ib i o tics ,in clud ing  m ethic illi n  (˜ 40% ofS. aureus  in f ecti on sin theUK are resist an t to methi ci lli n ando t her anti biotics), and is common l y refer red  to i n th e popular  pr ess as  a“ superb ug”. M RSA i sone o f the m os t p re valent mic r o bes  invo lv ed w ith hea lthcare-associated inf ections. Infe cti onsa r enor m al l y c on f ine d to hospitals, a nd in part ic u la r to vulne r abl eand/ordebilit atedp atients , includi ng patien ts  ini n ten sive careunits, b urns unit s  ando rt hopae dic  wards .MRS A ismore d i ffi cultto tre at  becau se ma ny  antibio tics are ineffective, a nd tho se th atare effec tiv e  of ten needto b e given at  mu chhighe r d o ses,intr a ve nou s ly, o verp rolongedp er iod s of  time (seve r a l  we eks)the r eby hi ghli ghting the need t o  develop alter nati v e  an tim i crob ia l therapies.
S inc em i crobialpa thogens donot read il y  acqu ire re sistan ce to c a t io n ic pep tide s,despite e vol ut i onary p re ss u re fro m mi ll ions o f year s  ofc o -existence, they  rema i n  attr a cti ve th er apeutic targ ets. In ou r co-pendin g appl icat ions,  WO 200 6/ 018652  an dWO 2008/09 3 058, we d escri be theid enti fic ationof p e p tides  tha tcan  be usedt o  t r ea tm icr obia l inf ec tion s, includ i ng bacte ria l  infect io ns. A  micro b ia l biofilm is  acommu n i ty of micr o bial ce l ls em bedded  in an  extrac e llu la r matri x o f polymeric  substanc e s a nd  adh erent to  a  bio lo gic al  or a non-bioti c surfac e. A ran g e  of mi cro o rgan i sms (b ac teria, fungi , and /o r  protoz o a , w ith ass o cia ted  ba cter iop hage s  and other viruses) canbe f oundi n t hesebiofi lm s. Biofi l ms a re
 compromised_lower respiratory_tract or a compromised_systemic defence_mechanism_(for example_in_patients with cystic_fibrosis or chronic_obstructive pulmonary disease). Primary_pneumonia occurs in_patients_with chronic lung disease and congestive heart failure. Bacteraemic pneumonia commonly occurs in neutropenic_cancer_patients undergoing_chemotherapy._Lower_respiratory tract colonisation of cystic_fibrosis patients by mucoid strains_of Pseudomonas_aeruginosa is common and difficult to treat. There_is_a need to_develop an effective means of treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.
Staphylococcus_aureus is an opportunistic pathogen that_is normally encountered_on_the_skin and in the_nose of many healthy people where_it lives completely harmlessly. S. aureus_can, however, cause problems when it is_able to enter the body causing_abscesses, boils, pimples, impetigo and_wound infections,_whether accidental or surgical. If_the infection gets_into the_bloodstream and travel_to different parts of the body_it can cause_blood poisoning (septicaemia), bone infection (osteomyelitis),_heart_valve infection (endocarditis)_and_lung_infection (pneumonia)._MRSA is a_type_of S._aureus_that is resistant to many commonly_prescribed_antibiotics, including methicillin (˜40% of S. aureus_infections in the UK_are_resistant to methicillin and_other antibiotics), and is commonly_referred to in the popular press_as a_“superbug”. MRSA_is one of the most prevalent microbes involved with healthcare-associated infections._Infections are normally confined to hospitals,_and in particular to_vulnerable and/or_debilitated_patients, including patients_in_intensive care_units, burns units and orthopaedic wards. MRSA_is more_difficult to treat because many antibiotics_are ineffective, and those_that_are effective often need to be_given at much higher doses, intravenously,_over prolonged periods of time_(several_weeks)_thereby highlighting the need to_develop alternative antimicrobial therapies.
Since microbial pathogens_do not readily_acquire resistance to cationic peptides, despite evolutionary_pressure_from millions of years of co-existence,_they_remain attractive therapeutic targets. In our_co-pending_applications,_WO 2006/018652 and WO 2008/093058,_we describe the identification of peptides_that can be used to treat microbial infections, including_bacterial infections.
A microbial_biofilm is a community of_microbial_cells_embedded in an extracellular matrix of polymeric substances and adherent_to a_biological or a_non-biotic surface. A range of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, and/or protozoa,_with associated bacteriophages and other viruses) can_be found in these biofilms. Biofilms are