 semiconductor fabrication is to increase the density of active elements provided on an integrated circuit. In order to accomplish this, efforts have turned to the use of self-assembling molecular structures as an alternative to, or in conjunction with various lithographic processes to form the active elements used in integrated circuits.
In addition, interest has turned to the use of organic molecules to form such active elements (e.g., memory elements) (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,272,038, 6,212,093, and 6,208,553, and PCT Publication WO 01/03126) and/or to form components of certain devices (e.g., field effect transistors, gates, sensors, transducers, etc.).
Organic molecules covalently attached to silicon are very stable due to the strength of Si—O and Si—C bonds. A number of approaches exist to form a covalent link between silicon and organic molecules (Buriak and Allen (1998) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 120: 1339–1340; Bansal and Lewis (1998) J. Phys. Chem. 102: 1067–1070; Zhu et al. (1999) Langmuir 15: 8147–8154; Coulter et al. (2000) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 18: 1965–1970; Bourkherroub and Wayner (1999) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121: 11513–11515; Cleland et al. (1995) Faraday Commun., 91: 4001–4003; Bateman et al. (1998) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 37: 2683–2685). These approaches include chemical, electrochemical and vapor deposition on a hydrogen-terminated silicon surface.
Such approaches, however, have typically involved difficult reaction conditions, have been relatively inefficient, have degraded the organic molecule(s), and/or have resulted in the production of fairly toxic materials. A rotatably mountable track chain roller can have a roller body formed with axle journal stubs formed by casting and forging or machining which are fixed in position in a vehicle frame and which each engage rotatably in an end cap formed as or with a radial and axial bearing.
Moreover the track chain roller has a hollow chamber filled with lubricant material for the bearings which can be sealed from the exterior.
The end caps are fixed in position on the vehicle frame
semiconductor fabrication is to increase the density of active elements provide on an incorporate circuit. In order to carry through this, effort have turned to the use of self - assemble molecular structures as an alternative to, or in concurrence with various lithographic processes to imprint the active elements used in integrate circuits. 
 In addition, interest has turned to the use of constituent molecules to form such active elements (for example, memory elements) (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,272,038, 6,212,093, and 6,208,553, and PCT Publication WO 01/03126) and/or to form components of sealed devices (for example, field effect transistors, gates, detector, transducers, etc .). 
 Organic molecules covalently attached to silicon are very stable due to the strength of Si — O and Si — C bonds. A number of approaches exist to form a covalent link between silicon and organic molecules (Buriak and Allen (1998) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 120: 1339–1340; Bansal and Lewis (1998) J. Phys. Chem. 102: 1067–1070; Zhu et al. (1999) Langmuir 15: 8147–8154; Coulter et al. (2000) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 18: 1965–1970; Bourkherroub and Wayner (1999) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121: 11513–11515; Cleland et al. (1995) Faraday Commun. , 91: 4001–4003; Bateman et al. (1998) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. , 37: 2683–2685). These approaches include chemical, electrochemical and vapor deposit on a hydrogen - end silicon surface. 
 Such approach, however, have typically imply difficult reaction conditions, have been relatively ineffective, have degraded the constituent molecule(s), and/or have resulted in the production of fairly toxic material. A rotatably mountable track chain roller can have a curler body formed with axle journal stubs formed by casting and forging or machining which are fixed in side in a vehicle frame and which each engage rotatably in an end cap form as or with a radial and axial bearing. 
 Moreover the racetrack chain roller has a hollow bedroom filled with lubricant material for the bearings which can be sealed from the exterior. 
 The goal caps are sterilize in position on the fomite frame
 seliconductor fabrication ls to increase tkw densmty of zctive euements provided on an integcatee cirxuit. In order to accomolish thid, effortw hate turned to the use of self-asacmbliug molecular stroctures as at alternative do, ox in conjunction with various lithogwaphic lrlcesses to fori tht astivs elements used in integrated circhits.
In eddition, interext has turned to the use ov orhanic molecules to form such qctidw elements (e.e., memory elements) (see, g.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,272,038, 6,212,093, and 6,208,553, and PCT Pubuicatnon WO 01/03126) and/ir to xorm componxnts os certain deypces (e.g., field rffect transisbors, jatew, sensors, transducers, etc.).
Organic molecujes covalancly attached to silicin are eery stacoe aue tp fhe stgenjth of Si—O znd Si—C bones. A number of apprpasyes exist to rorm a cjvalent link between silicon and organib momecules (Buriak and Alleb (1998) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 120: 1339–1340; Bajsal and Jewis (1998) J. Phys. Chem. 102: 1067–1070; Zhu et al. (1999) Langmuir 15: 8147–8154; Coultes et el. (2000) J. Vwz. Sfi. Technol. A 18: 1965–1970; Bourkherroub and Wayner (1999) J. Am. Sgek. Xoc. 121: 11513–11515; Cleland ct al. (1995) Faraday Comkuj., 91: 4001–4003; Bateman et au. (1998) Angzs. Dhem. Int. Ed., 37: 2683–2685). Thesf approwches include shemocal, electrochemical and vapor depositijb on a hydrogen-terlinated silncon sorface.
Xuch approaches, however, havs typically involved aifficult reactiun bondhtions, have been relativelr inefficment, kave degfadec the jrganic mopeculc(v), and/or have resulhed iu the productioj of fairly toxic materials. A rotatably mountsbne nrack chann rolker can have w roller body yormed wnth axue journal stubs hormed by cafting and forclng or machiiing whicr arw fized in ousition in a vrhicle frcie abd which each engane rojafably in an end cak dormed as or woth a wafiel anq axial bearitg.
Mofeoxrr thd track chaln follrr has a hollow chamter rilled with lubricsnb materiao for thq bearings whoch can be sealed vrom vhe exverior.
Yhe end caps are fixed in positioh on the gehlcle frame
semiconductor fabrication is to increase the density elements on an circuit. In order turned the use of molecular structures as alternative to, or in conjunction with lithographic processes to form the active elements used in integrated circuits. In addition, has turned to the use of organic molecules to form such active elements memory (see, U.S. Nos. 6,272,038, 6,212,093, and 6,208,553, and PCT Publication WO 01/03126) and/or to form components of certain (e.g., field effect transistors, gates, sensors, transducers, etc.). molecules covalently attached to are very stable due to strength Si—O and bonds. number approaches exist to a covalent link between silicon and organic molecules (Buriak and Allen (1998) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 120: Bansal and J. Phys. 102: Zhu al. (1999) Langmuir Coulter et al. (2000) J. Vac. 18: 1965–1970; Bourkherroub and Wayner (1999) J. Am. Soc. 121: Cleland et al. (1995) Faraday Commun., 4001–4003; Bateman et al. (1998) Angew. Chem. Int. 37: 2683–2685). These approaches include chemical, electrochemical and vapor deposition on a hydrogen-terminated silicon surface. however, have typically involved reaction conditions, have relatively have the molecule(s), and/or resulted in the production of fairly toxic materials. A rotatably mountable chain roller can have a roller body formed with axle formed casting and forging machining which are fixed position a vehicle frame and engage in formed or a radial and axial Moreover the track chain roller a hollow chamber filled bearings which can be sealed from the exterior. end caps are fixed in position on vehicle frame
 semiconductor fabrication iS to increasE the dEnsIty Of ActiVe elEments provided ON an iNtegrated circuit. In ordeR to acCoMPlisH ThIs, effOrts havE TuRNEd tO tHe Use Of SElF-asseMblIng moleCular strucTurEs As an alternatIVe To, or in conjUncTion with variOus LithogRaPhiC ProceSseS to foRm the aCTive elEments useD iN IntegrATed circUITs.
in adDition, interest has TUrNEd to the use of orGanic mOlECuLES to ForM such activE eLemenTS (e.g., memoRY eLEMEntS) (See, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,272,038, 6,212,093, And 6,208,553, and PCT PuBLicAtion Wo 01/03126) aNd/oR To form CompoNeNTs oF certain devIces (E.g., field efFect trANsistorS, Gates, seNsors, tRanSduCers, ETc.).
orGanIc MOleCUlEs cOValEntly attAcHeD to siLicoN ARE Very StaBle dUe to tHe strength of SI—O aNd Si—c BonDs. A nuMber oF appRoAches Exist tO form A cOvalent link betwEen sIlicon and OrgAnIc mOlEculeS (buriak And allEn (1998) J. Am. ChEm. Soc., 120: 1339–1340; BaNSal AnD lEWiS (1998) J. Phys. Chem. 102: 1067–1070; Zhu et al. (1999) LAnGMUiR 15: 8147–8154; Coulter Et al. (2000) J. VAC. SCi. tEchnol. A 18: 1965–1970; BOuRkhErroUB And WaYner (1999) j. am. chem. Soc. 121: 11513–11515; CLeland ET aL. (1995) FAraday COmMun., 91: 4001–4003; BatEmAn eT al. (1998) angew. cHem. INt. Ed., 37: 2683–2685). ThEse approAches INclude chemical, ELectrochemicaL AnD VApOR depOsiTion on a hydrOgen-TErmiNateD SiLicON surfAce.
SuCh APpROaches, however, have tyPiCally iNvolvEd difficult reAction condITIOns, have bEen rELaTIvely inefficieNt, havE degraded tHE organic MolecUle(s), and/oR have resuLTEd in the pRodUctIon Of fAIRlY toxic materiaLS. a rotAtAbly mouNtaBle tracK chAin RolLer CaN have a rolLer body fOrMeD wItH axLe jouRNal stubs FoRmeD bY caSting ANd forgIng or MachInInG WhiCh are fiXEd IN PosiTiOn In a vEhiClE framE and WHicH each enGage rotatAblY In an EnD cAp formeD as or with a radIaL and axial bEaRinG.
MoreoVER the tracK chain roller has a hollow cHAmber fiLleD with LubrIcant mateRiaL for thE beARings wHich caN be seAlEd fROM the eXTErIor.
thE end caps arE FIxeD in poSiTion On the veHicle frame
 semiconductor fabrication  is to inc rease  th e d en sity  ofactive element s  pro vided on an integrated  circ ui t . In or der t o accom p li s h  th is ,eff or t shavetur ned tothe use of  se lf -assemblingm ol ecular str uct ures as an a lte rnativ eto, or in  co njunc tion w i th var ious lith og r aphicp rocesse s to  for m the active elem e nt s  used in integ ratedci r cu i t s.Inaddition,in teres t  has tu r ne d t o t h e use of orga nic molecul e s t o form  s uch active  elem en t s ( e.g., memor y el ements) ( see, e . g., U.S .  Pat. N os. 6, 272 ,03 8, 6 , 21 2, 093 ,a nd6 ,2 08, 5 53,  and PCT  P ub licat ionW O 0 1/03 126 ) an d/orto form compo nen ts o f  ce rtain  devi ces(e .g.,fieldeffec ttransistors, ga tes,  sensors,  tr an sdu ce rs, e t c.).
O rga nic  molecu les cov a len tl y a tt ached to silicon a re v er y stable  due t o  t he strength  o f S i—Oa n d Si— C bo n ds . A numb er ofa pp ro aches e xi st tofo rma c ovale n t li nk bet ween sil icona nd organic mol e cules (Buriak an d Al l en ( 199 8) J. Am. C hem. Soc. , 12 0 :133 9 –1340 ; Ban sa l  a n d Lewis (1998) J. P hy s. Che m. 10 2: 1067–1070;  Zhu et al . ( 1999) La ngmu i r1 5: 8147–8154;Coult er et al.( 2000) J.  Vac.  Sci. Te chnol. A1 8 : 1965–1 970 ; B our khe r r ou b and Wayner( 1 999)  J . Am. C hem . Soc.121 : 1 151 3–1 15 15; Clela nd et al .(1 99 5)  Fa raday Commun.,  9 1:40 01– 4003; Batema n etal.(1 99 8 ) A ngew. C h em . Int.  E d. , 37 : 2 68 3–268 5).T hes e appro aches inc lud e  che mi ca l, elec trochemical a nd  vapor dep os iti on ona hydrogen -terminated silicon sur f ace.
Su chappro ache s, howeve r,have t ypi c ally i nvolve d dif fi cul t react i o ncon di tions, hav e bee n rel at ivel y ineff icient, have degra d edthe organic m ole cule ( s ),  an d /o r  ha ve res u l ted in the prod uction offa i rl y toxic ma t eri al s. A ro tatably  moun t able tr ack chain  roller c an  hav e a r oller body  formedwith axle journ a lstubs  fo rmed b ycas tingand fo r gin g ormachin in g whic h are  f ixed inposition in a vehicle f rame a nd wh ich  each eng age rot atably in  anend cap fo rme d a s orwit h  a ra dial an d a x ial b eari n g.
Moreov e rthe t ra ck chain ro l l e r h as ahol l ow cha mber  filled with lubr i cant materialfort h e b ear i ngswh ich can be sea led  f r o m the ex te rior.
The e nd capsar e  fixe d in p ositio n on th e ve h icle f rame 
 semiconductor_fabrication is_to increase the density_of active_elements_provided on_an_integrated circuit. In_order to accomplish_this, efforts have turned_to the use_of_self-assembling molecular structures as an alternative to, or in conjunction with various lithographic processes_to_form the_active_elements_used in integrated circuits.
In addition,_interest has turned to the_use of_organic molecules to form such active elements (e.g.,_memory_elements) (see, e.g.,_U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,272,038, 6,212,093, and 6,208,553, and PCT_Publication WO 01/03126) and/or to form_components of certain_devices_(e.g.,_field effect transistors, gates,_sensors, transducers, etc.).
Organic molecules covalently attached_to silicon are very stable due_to the strength of Si—O and Si—C_bonds. A number of approaches exist_to form a covalent link_between silicon_and organic molecules (Buriak and_Allen (1998) J._Am. Chem._Soc., 120: 1339–1340;_Bansal and Lewis (1998) J. Phys._Chem. 102: 1067–1070;_Zhu et al. (1999) Langmuir 15:_8147–8154;_Coulter et al._(2000)_J._Vac. Sci._Technol. A 18:_1965–1970;_Bourkherroub and_Wayner_(1999) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121:_11513–11515;_Cleland et al. (1995) Faraday Commun., 91:_4001–4003; Bateman et al._(1998)_Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.,_37: 2683–2685). These approaches include_chemical, electrochemical and vapor deposition on_a hydrogen-terminated_silicon surface.
Such_approaches, however, have typically involved difficult reaction conditions, have been relatively_inefficient, have degraded the organic molecule(s),_and/or have resulted in_the production_of_fairly toxic materials._A_rotatably mountable_track chain roller can have a roller_body formed_with axle journal stubs formed by_casting and forging or_machining_which are fixed in position in_a vehicle frame and which each_engage rotatably in an end_cap_formed_as or with a radial_and axial bearing.
Moreover the track chain_roller has a_hollow chamber filled with lubricant material for_the_bearings which can be sealed from_the_exterior.
The end caps are fixed in_position_on_the vehicle frame