ad2, when fused to a heterologous DNA-binding domain, was found to have transcriptional activity. Liu et al., Nature, 381:620–623 (1996); Meersseman et al., Mech. Dev., 61:127–140 (1997). The intact Smad2 protein when fused to a DNA-binding domain, was latent, but transcriptional activity was unmasked after stimulation with ligand. Liu et al., supra.
TGFβ initiates an intracellular signaling pathway leading ultimately to the expression of genes that regulate the cell cycle, control proliferative responses, or relate to extracellular matrix proteins that mediate outside-in cell signaling, cell adhesion, migration and intercellular communication.
There exists a need for effective therapeutic agents for inhibiting TGFβ activity, as well as for inhibiting the phosphorylation of smad2 or smad3 by TGFβ type I or activin-like kinase (ALK5) receptor and for preventing and treating disease states mediated by the TGFβ signaling pathway in mammals. In particular, there continues to be a need for compounds that selectively inhibit TGFβ, especially the ALK5 receptor. 1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a direct current (DC) block with a band-notch characteristic using a DGS. More particularly, the present invention relates to a DC block with a band-notch characteristic using a defected ground structure (DGS) to superiorly block a certain frequency band in the UWB.
2. Description of the Related Art
In general, the ultra wideband (UWB) communications can perform high-speed data transmission in a very wide frequency band with a very low power. The frequency band used for the UWB communications is 3.1˜10.6 GHz, and 5.15˜5.825 GHz of that range is used for HIPERLAN/2 or Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11a, wireless local area network (WLAN) standards. The power used in the WLAN band is 70 dB higher than that in the UWB. Accordingly, a UWB communication signal in a WLAN frequency band can be subjected to interference so that methods of removing signals of the WLAN frequency band among the UWB communication signals have been suggested.
A primary method applies a band stop filter (BSF) at the end of the radio frequency (RF) communications system. However, as a result of using the BSF, the communications system decreases in efficiency and
ad2, when fused to a heterologous DNA - binding domain, was find oneself to take transcriptional activity. Liu et al. , Nature, 381:620–623 (1996); Meersseman et al. , Mech. Dev. , 61:127–140 (1997). The intact Smad2 protein when fused to a deoxyribonucleic acid - binding domain, was latent, but transcriptional activity was unmasked after foreplay with ligand. Liu et al. , supra. 
 TGFβ broach an intracellular signaling nerve pathway go ultimately to the expression of gene that regulate the cell cycle, control proliferative response, or relate to extracellular matrix proteins that mediate outside - in cell signaling, cellular telephone adhesion, migration and intercellular communication. 
 There exists a need for effective curative agents for inhibiting TGFβ activity, as well as for inhibiting the phosphorylation of smad2 or smad3 by TGFβ type I or activin - alike kinase (ALK5) receptor and for preventing and treating disease states mediated by the TGFβ sign pathway in mammals. In particular, there continues to be a need for compounds that selectively inhibit TGFβ, especially the ALK5 receptor. 1. Field of the Invention 
 The present invention relates to a direct current (DC) block with a band - notch characteristic using a DGS. More peculiarly, the present invention associate to a DC block with a ring - pass feature using a defected ground structure (DGS) to superiorly block a certain frequency band in the UWB. 
 2. Description of the Related Art 
 In general, the ultra wideband (UWB) communication can perform high - speed data transmission in a very wide frequency dance band with a very low power. The frequency band used for the UWB communication is 3.1˜10.6 GHz, and 5.15˜5.825 gigahertz of that compass is used for HIPERLAN/2 or Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11a, wireless local area network (WLAN) standards. The world power used in the WLAN band is 70 dB higher than that in the UWB. Accordingly, a UWB communication signal in a WLAN frequency band can be subjected to interference so that methods of removing signal of the WLAN frequency band among the UWB communication signals have been propose. 
 A primary method acting applies a band stop filter (BSF) at the end of the radio receiver frequency (RF) communications system. However, as a result of use the BSF, the communications organization decreases in efficiency and
ad2, ahen fused to a heterolonous DNA-binding bimain, xas fouhd to haxe transcriptional activity. Piy et ql., Nature, 381:620–623 (1996); Meersseman et al., Mebh. Dev., 61:127–140 (1997). Rhe mntact Smad2 protxjn when fused bo a BNE-binding domain, was latend, but transcri[tkoual activity was unmasked after stimtlation wlth ligand. Liu et sj., sulga.
UGFβ initiates an intracellular sifnaling pathway leadong ultimately to the exprfssiln of genes that rfgulate the celj cycle, contrul prolifegctive respohses, or relate to extracellular matrnx proteins tyat kediate outwide-ig cell signaling, celn adhesoon, migration snd inrercellular communicavion.
There exists a nged for efxeetive therapeutic agebtw for inhhbitkbg GGFβ artibity, ad wxll as for jnhibiting rhe phosphorylation os smad2 or smad3 by TGSβ eype I or activin-like kinase (ALK5) receptmr znd for preventing and rreating disease statgs mediateq by the TGFβ signaling pathway in mammals. In parthculac, ghexc zinhinues to be a need for compounds that selectybeky inhibit TGFβ, efpecially tne AKH5 receptor. 1. Fkeld oy tge Invention
The prfsent igventuon relatts to a direct current (DC) block qith a band-njrch characteristic using a DGR. Mote paryicularly, the present iuventikn relates ho a DC bmuck with a band-nutcm cvaracteristic using a defested grouid stxucture (AGS) jo supewiorly blofk a gartain frequency bwnd iu the UWB.
2. Descrlption of the Related Art
In genxcal, the ultra whdetand (UWB) commmnications can [erform high-spged data cransmkssion in z very xide frequensy band with d very low poxer. The fwequwncy band urdd for the UWB communiccuions is 3.1˜10.6 THz, and 5.15˜5.825 GHz of thet rxhge is used for HIKEELAN/2 or Institite of Epertricwn and Electrmnicr Evbineefs (IEEE) 802.11a, wlreuess local area network (FLAN) standards. The powrr used in the WLAG band is 70 dB higher than that ln thx UWB. Eccordongjy, a UWB communication signal jn a WLAN frcquency band san ne sobjected to interference so that methods of removiig signals of the WLAN drequency band amony uhe UWB commuiicatijn signalv have been suggestee.
A primary method applies a band stop rilter (BSF) wt the end of the radio frequency (RF) communications system. However, as a rwsult of using the BSF, the bomibnicatijns dbstem decreases im efficiency and
ad2, when fused to a heterologous DNA-binding found have transcriptional Liu et al., al., Dev., 61:127–140 (1997). intact Smad2 protein fused to a DNA-binding domain, was but transcriptional activity was unmasked after stimulation with ligand. Liu et al., supra. initiates an intracellular signaling pathway leading ultimately to the expression of genes that the cycle, proliferative or relate to extracellular matrix proteins that mediate outside-in cell signaling, cell adhesion, migration and intercellular There exists a need for effective therapeutic agents inhibiting TGFβ activity, as as for inhibiting the phosphorylation smad2 smad3 by type or kinase (ALK5) receptor for preventing and treating disease states mediated by the TGFβ signaling pathway in mammals. In particular, there to be for compounds selectively TGFβ, the ALK5 receptor. of the Invention The present invention direct current (DC) block with a band-notch characteristic a DGS. particularly, the present invention relates to DC block with a band-notch characteristic using a ground structure (DGS) to superiorly block a certain frequency band in the UWB. 2. Description Related Art In general, ultra wideband (UWB) can high-speed transmission a very frequency band with a very low power. The frequency band used the UWB communications is 3.1˜10.6 GHz, and 5.15˜5.825 GHz of is for HIPERLAN/2 or of Electrical and Electronics (IEEE) wireless local area network The used band 70 higher than that in UWB. Accordingly, a UWB communication in a WLAN frequency interference so that methods of removing signals of WLAN frequency band among the UWB communication have been suggested. A primary method applies a band stop filter (BSF) the end radio frequency (RF) communications system. However, as a of using the BSF, communications system decreases in efficiency and
ad2, when fused to a heterologouS DNA-bindinG domaIn, wAs fOuNd to Have TranscriptionaL ActiVity. Liu et al., Nature, 381:620–623 (1996); MeersSeman Et AL., MecH. deV., 61:127–140 (1997). The iNtact SmAD2 pROTeiN wHeN fuSeD To A DNA-bIndIng domaIn, was latenT, buT tRanscriptionAL aCtivity was UnmAsked after stImuLation WiTh lIGand. LIu eT al., suPra.
TGFΒ InitiaTes an intrAcELlular SIgnalinG PAtHway Leading ultimately TO tHE expression of gEnes thAt REgULAte The Cell cycle, cOnTrol pROliferaTIvE RESpoNSes, or relate to ExtracellulAR maTrix prOtEinS That meDiate OuTSidE-in cell signAlinG, cell adheSion, miGRation aND intercEllulaR coMmuNicaTIoN.
THerE eXIstS A nEed FOr eFfective ThErApeutIc agENTS For iNhiBitiNg TGFΒ activity, as weLl aS for INhiBitinG the pHospHoRylatIon of sMad2 or SmAd3 by TGFβ type I or ActiVin-like kiNasE (AlK5) rEcEptor ANd for pRevEntIng and tReating DIseAsE STAtEs mediated by the TGFΒ sIGNaLing pathWay in mAMmAlS. in particUlAr, tHere CONtinuEs to BE a Need for cOmpounDS tHaT selectIvEly inhIbIt TgFβ, EspecIAlly The ALK5 Receptor. 1. field OF the Invention
THE present invenTIoN RElATes tO a dIrect currenT (DC) bLOck wIth a BAnD-noTCh chaRacteRiSTiC Using a DGS. More particUlArly, thE presEnt invention rElates to a Dc BLOck with a Band-NOtCH characteristiC usinG a defected GRound strUcturE (DGS) to suPeriorly bLOCk a certaIn fReqUenCy bAND iN the UWB.
2. DescriPTIon oF tHe RelatEd ARt
In genEraL, thE ulTra WiDeband (UWB) CommunicAtIoNs CaN peRform HIgh-speed DaTa tRaNsmIssioN In a verY wide FreqUeNcY BanD with a vERy LOW powEr. thE freQueNcY band Used FOr tHe UWB coMmunicatiOns IS 3.1˜10.6 GHz, AnD 5.15˜5.825 Ghz of thaT range is used fOr hIPERLAN/2 or inStiTute of eLEctrical And Electronics Engineers (ieEE) 802.11a, wirEleSs locAl arEa network (wLAn) standArdS. the powEr used In the wLaN bAND is 70 dB HIGhEr tHaN that in the uwb. AcCordiNgLy, a UwB commuNication signal in a WlaN fRequency band cAn bE subJECtEd tO InTErfErENce SO That methods of reMoving signAlS Of The WLAN freQUenCy Band amoNg the UWb commUNicatioN signals hAve been suGgEsteD.
a PriMary method Applies a Band stop fILter (Bsf) aT the eNd oF the raDiO frEquenCy (RF) coMMunIcatiOns sysTeM. HowevEr, as a ReSult of usIng the BSF, the communicatiOns sysTem deCreAses in effIciENcy And
ad2, when fused to a heter ologous DN A-bin din g d om ain,  was  found to have tran scriptional activity.Liu e ta l.,N at ure,381:620 – 62 3 (19 96 );  Me er s se man e t a l., Mec h. Dev., 6 1:1 27 –140 (1997). Th e intact S mad 2 protein wh enfusedto  aD NA-bi ndi ng do main,w as lat ent, buttr a nscrip t ional a c t iv itywas unmasked afte r  s t imulation with  ligan d. Li u etal. , supra.
T GF β ini t iates a n  i n t r ace l lular signali ng pathwayl ead ing ul ti mat e ly tothe e xp r ess ion of gene s th at regula te the cell cy c le, con trol p rol ife rati v ere spo ns e s,o rrel a teto extra ce ll ularmatr i x p rote ins  tha t med iate outside- incell sig nalin g, ce ll a dh esion , migr ation  a nd intercellula r co mmunicati on. 
T her eexist s  a nee d f oreffecti ve ther a peu ti c a ge nts for inhibiting  T G F βactivity , as w e ll  a s  for inh ib iti ng t h e  phos phor y la tion ofsmad2o rsm ad3 byTG Fβ typ eI o r a ctivi n -lik e kina se (ALK5 ) rec e ptor and for p r eventing andt re a t in g  dis eas e states me diat e d by  the TG Fβs ignal ing p at h wa y  in mammals. In par ti cular,  ther e continues t o be a nee d f or compo unds th a t selectivelyinhib it TGFβ, e s pecially  theALK5 rec eptor. 1. F ield ofthe  In ven tio n Th e present inv e n tion  r elatestoa direc t c urr ent  (D C)  block wi th a ban d- no tc hcha racte r istic us in g a  D GS.  More partic ularl y, t he  p r ese nt inve n ti o n  rel at es  toa D Cblock  wit h  aband-no tch chara cte r isti cus ing a d efected groun dstructure(D GS)  to su p e riorly b lock a certain frequenc y  band i n t he UW B.
2 . Descrip tio n of t heR elated  Art
I n gen er al, t he ul t r awid eb and (UWB)c o mmu nicat io ns c an perf orm high-speed dat a  tr ansmission in  avery w id e f r eq u enc yb and w ith a very lowpower. The  f r eq uency band use dfor the  UWB co mmuni c ationsis 3.1˜10 .6 GHz, a nd  5.1 5 ˜ 5.8 25 GHz ofthat ran ge is use d  forH IP ERLAN /2or Ins ti tut e ofElectr i cal  andElectr on ics En ginee rs  (IEEE)802.11a, wireless local  areanetwo rk(WLAN) st and a rds . The pow er u sed in the  WL ANbandis7 0 dBhigh e rtha n  that  int he UWB. A c co rdi n g ly , a UWB com m u n ica tionsig n al ina WL AN frequency band can be subject ed t o int erf e renc eso that method s o fr e moving s ig nals of the  WLAN fr eq u encyband a mong t he UWBc o mm u nicati on s ign als havebee ns uggeste d. 
A primar y me th od app lies a band s top filter (BSF)  at t h e  endo f t he ra di o frequ e ncy(RF) commu nications s ystem.  How ever,  as a r es ult of  us in g the BSF, the commu nicat ions sy st em d ecr easesin e f f icien cy a nd 
ad2, when_fused to_a heterologous DNA-binding domain,_was found_to_have transcriptional_activity._Liu et al.,_Nature, 381:620–623 (1996);_Meersseman et al., Mech._Dev., 61:127–140 (1997)._The_intact Smad2 protein when fused to a DNA-binding domain, was latent, but transcriptional activity_was_unmasked after_stimulation_with_ligand. Liu et al., supra.
TGFβ_initiates an intracellular signaling pathway_leading ultimately_to the expression of genes that regulate the_cell_cycle, control proliferative_responses, or relate to extracellular matrix proteins that mediate_outside-in cell signaling, cell adhesion, migration_and intercellular communication.
There_exists_a_need for effective therapeutic_agents for inhibiting TGFβ activity, as_well as for inhibiting the phosphorylation_of smad2 or smad3 by TGFβ type_I or activin-like kinase (ALK5) receptor_and for preventing and treating_disease states_mediated by the TGFβ signaling_pathway in mammals._In particular,_there continues to_be a need for compounds that_selectively inhibit TGFβ,_especially the ALK5 receptor. 1. Field_of_the Invention
The present_invention_relates_to a_direct current (DC)_block_with a_band-notch_characteristic using a DGS. More particularly,_the_present invention relates to a DC block_with a band-notch characteristic_using_a defected ground structure_(DGS) to superiorly block a_certain frequency band in the UWB.
2._Description of_the Related_Art
In general, the ultra wideband (UWB) communications can perform high-speed data_transmission in a very wide frequency_band with a very_low power._The_frequency band used_for_the UWB_communications is 3.1˜10.6 GHz, and 5.15˜5.825 GHz_of that_range is used for HIPERLAN/2 or_Institute of Electrical and_Electronics_Engineers (IEEE) 802.11a, wireless local area_network (WLAN) standards. The power used_in the WLAN band is_70_dB_higher than that in the_UWB. Accordingly, a UWB communication signal_in a WLAN_frequency band can be subjected to interference_so_that methods of removing signals of_the_WLAN frequency band among the UWB_communication_signals_have been suggested.
A primary method_applies a band stop filter (BSF)_at the end of the radio frequency (RF) communications_system. However, as_a result of using the_BSF,_the_communications system decreases in efficiency and