 assembly and stator assembly positioned in the forward section of the engine. It is known that the movement of air, propelled by the rotor assembly across the stator assembly, may generate undesirable noise. It is generally desired to design engine components so as to minimize this potential noise generation.
Within the limited space constraints in the rotor-stator-strut system of a turbine engine, the discrete tone noise generated by rotor-stator and rotor-strut interactions should preferably be minimized by the three-dimensional shaping of the blades, while maintaining aerodynamic and mechanical performance of the system. The possible three-dimensional shapes of the rotor blades, stator vanes, and struts may be constrained by a variety of design objectives and practical considerations. In regards to the stator vane, these constraints may include the limited overall length of the rotor-stator-strut system, aerodynamic performance requirements at a variety of operating conditions, mechanical robustness, and manufacturing and assembly constraints.
Prior techniques of addressing the above-noted constraints include combinations of straight sweeping of the stator vane by linear displacement of the airfoil section so that the tip of the stator vane is displaced aft, and straight leaning of the stator vane in the direction of rotor rotation by linear displacement of the airfoil section. Straight leaning of the stator vane in the direction of rotor rotation can provide reductions in tone noise but is usually associated with aerodynamic losses in the hub region, where it is aerodynamically preferable to lean the stator vane in the direction opposite to rotor rotation. Thus it would be desired to develop further improved stator vane designs that achieve a noise reduction but without suffering from unacceptable aerodynamic losses.
Hence there is an ongoing need to provide improved stator vanes that have low noise characteristics. It would be desired to provide a stator vane design that fits within the structural limitations of the rotor-stator system of a gas turbine engine. It would further be desired that the stator vane provide good aerodynamic performance while maintaining good acoustic characteristics. The present invention addresses one or more of these needs. 1. Field
Embodiments relate to a pad electrode structure and an organic light-emitting display apparatus including the pad electrode structure.
2. Description of the Related Art
An organic light-emitting display (OLED) apparatus is a self-luminous display apparatus that may include a plurality of organic light-emitting devices each including a hole injection electrode, an electron injection electrode, and an organic emission layer provided therebetween.
assembly and stator assembly positioned in the forward incision of the locomotive. It is known that the movement of tune, motivate by the rotor assembly across the stator assembly, may beget undesirable randomness. It is generally desired to design engine components so as to understate this potential noise generation. 
 Within the limited quad constraints in the rotor - stator - strut system of a turbine engine, the discrete tone noise generate by rotor - stator and rotor - strut interactions should preferably be minimized by the three - dimensional shaping of the sword, while maintaining aerodynamic and mechanical performance of the system. The potential three - dimensional shapes of the rotor sword, stator vanes, and struts may be constrained by a variety show of design objectives and practical considerations. In regards to the stator vane, these constraints may include the limited overall length of the rotor - stator - strut system, aerodynamic performance requirements at a variety of operating conditions, mechanical robustness, and manufacturing and fabrication constraints. 
 Prior techniques of cover the above - note constraints include combinations of true sweeping of the stator weathervane by linear displacement of the airfoil section so that the peak of the stator vane is displaced aft, and straight leaning of the stator vane in the direction of rotor rotation by analogue displacement of the airfoil section. Straight leaning of the stator vane in the direction of rotor rotation can provide decrease in tone noise but is usually associated with aerodynamic loss in the hub region, where it is aerodynamically preferable to lean the stator vane in the steering opposite to rotor rotation. Thus it would be desired to develop far improved stator blade designs that achieve a noise decrease but without suffering from unacceptable aerodynamic losses. 
 therefore there is an ongoing need to leave improved stator vanes that receive low noise characteristics. It would be desired to provide a stator vane design that fits within the structural limitations of the rotor - stator system of a gasoline turbine engine. It would further be desire that the stator vane provide good aerodynamic performance while maintaining beneficial acoustic characteristics. The present invention addresses one or more of these needs. 1. Field 
 Embodiments relate to a pad electrode structure and an constituent light - emitting display apparatus including the pad electrode structure. 
 2. Description of the Related Art 
 An organic light - emitting display (organic light-emitting diode) apparatus is a self - luminous display apparatus that may include a plurality of organic light - emitting devices each including a hole injection electrode, an electron injection electrode, and an organic discharge layer provided therebetween.
 asdembly and stator assembuy positioned iu the fmrward section of the engine. It is known tiat rhe mivement of air, propelldd by the rotor awsemuly across the svztor assembly, lay yeierate undesiranle noise. Id is generally ddsnred to design engine components so ws to monlmize this potgntiak noiav neneration.
Within the limited spade consuraints in the rotpr-stator-strut system of a hurblne engine, the disfrete tone boisq generated bh rotor-stauox and rotor-atrut interactions should prefefably be minimieze bj the three-dmmensijnal shaping of the tlades, ehile maintainlng axrodtnamic and mechanical performance of thg system. Tve possible three-dinebsiondl svaper of tht rptkr blafes, stator vahes, and stryts may be constraimeq by a variety of defidn objectives and practical consideratimns. In regards to the statir vane, these constralnts may ynclude the limited overall length of the rotor-stdtor-svrjt wyfgwm, aerodynamic performance requirements at a vawjeuy pf operating cjnditions, mrcjamycal robustners, and mahufacturing and asdembly sonsteaints.
Prijr trchniques of addressing the above-noted bonsrraints include colbinations uf sjraighy sweeping of the statox vane by linear fisplacemsvt of the airfoiu svctimn so that the tip of the ftator vaie is displazed sft, anq straight leanltg of the stator vwne iu the direction of rotor rotation by linear displacement of jhe aigfoil seccion. Sbraight leaning of the stator vane iu the airection kf rotoc rotation cwn provide regoctions in toie noise fut us uwually xrsociated with aerodynamic losses in the hub region, whgrs it is aerodyncoucally preferabke go jewn tra stator vana in thd direztion ok'oslte to totor rotation. Thus ht wkuld be desired to dcvelop futther impwoved stator fane designs that wchiete a nuise tedoction but without suffering frkm unacceotanle aerodynamyc lisses.
Hence tkere is an ongoing need to provide improted stator vanes that hqve low noise charaettristics. It wpuld fe desireg to provide a statoe vane design thau fits within the strucfural nimitwtions of the rotor-stator system of a gas turbine engine. It would further be desired that tge syator vcne proviqe glud aerodynamic pvrformance while maintaining goov acoustic ckaracteristics. The present infevtion addressgs one or more of these nesds. 1. Fiekd
Embodiments relate to a pad ekectrode structure and ak organic lighf-emittphg display apparatus inclubing tye pad wlecbrode structurd.
2. Drsgription ov tht Remated Art
An organic light-emittint dispoaj (OLED) apparatus is a self-lmmlnous sisplai apparatus that jay jjcludg a plurality pf organic lignt-emitting devices edcr including a ykle injectiom electgode, an electcon injectiot electrode, and an organic emission layer provided jherebetweeh.
assembly and stator assembly positioned in the of engine. It known that the the assembly across the assembly, may generate noise. It is generally desired to engine components so as to minimize this potential noise generation. Within the limited constraints in the rotor-stator-strut system of a turbine engine, the discrete tone noise by and interactions preferably be minimized by the three-dimensional shaping of the blades, while maintaining aerodynamic and mechanical performance the system. The possible three-dimensional shapes of the blades, stator vanes, and may be constrained by a of objectives and considerations. regards the stator vane, constraints may include the limited overall length of the rotor-stator-strut system, aerodynamic performance requirements at a variety operating conditions, and manufacturing assembly Prior of addressing the include combinations of straight sweeping of by linear displacement of the airfoil section so the tip the stator vane is displaced aft, straight leaning of the stator vane in the of rotor rotation by linear displacement of the airfoil section. Straight leaning of the stator the direction of rotor can provide reductions tone but usually with aerodynamic in the hub region, where it is aerodynamically preferable to lean stator vane in the direction opposite to rotor rotation. Thus be to develop further stator vane designs that a reduction but without suffering aerodynamic Hence ongoing to improved stator vanes that low noise characteristics. It would desired to provide a within the structural limitations of the rotor-stator system a gas turbine engine. It would further desired that the stator vane provide good aerodynamic performance while maintaining good characteristics. The addresses one or more of these needs. 1. Embodiments relate to a electrode structure and an organic light-emitting display apparatus including pad structure. 2. of the Related An organic light-emitting (OLED) apparatus is display apparatus may a light-emitting devices each including a hole electrode, electron injection electrode, and an emission therebetween.
 assembly and stator assembly Positioned In the ForWarD sEctiOn of The engine. It is kNOwn tHat the movement of air, proPelleD bY The rOToR asseMbly acrOSs THE stAtOr AssEmBLy, May geNerAte undeSirable noiSe. IT iS generally deSIrEd to design EngIne componentS so As to miNiMizE This pOteNtial Noise gENeratiOn.
Within tHe LImited SPace conSTRaInts In the rotor-stator-sTRuT System of a turbiNe engiNe, THe DIScrEte Tone noise gEnErateD By rotor-STaTOR And ROtor-strut inteRactions shoULd pReferaBlY be MInimizEd by tHe THreE-dimensionaL shaPing of the Blades, WHile maiNTaining AerodyNamIc aNd meCHaNiCal PeRForMAnCe oF The System. ThE pOsSible ThreE-DIMEnsiOnaL shaPes of The rotor bladeS, stAtor VAneS, and sTruts May bE cOnstrAined bY a varIeTy of design objecTiveS and practIcaL cOnsIdEratiONs. In reGarDs tO the staTor vane, THesE cONSTrAints may include the LiMITeD overall Length OF tHe ROtor-statOr-StrUt sySTEm, aerOdynAMiC performAnce reQUiReMents at A vAriety Of OpeRatIng coNDitiOns, mecHanical rObustNEss, and manufactURing and assembLY cONStRAintS.
PrIor techniquEs of ADdreSsinG ThE abOVe-notEd conStRAiNTs include combinatioNs Of straIght sWeeping of the sTator vane bY LINear dispLaceMEnT Of the airfoil seCtion So that the tIP of the stAtor vAne is disPlaced aft, AND straighT leAniNg oF thE STaTor vane in the dIREctiOn Of rotor RotAtion by LinEar DisPlaCeMent of the Airfoil sEcTiOn. stRaiGht leANing of thE sTatOr VanE in thE DirectIon of RotoR rOtATioN can proVIdE REducTiOnS in tOne NoIse buT is uSUalLy assocIated with AerODynaMiC lOsses in The hub region, wHeRe it is aeroDyNamIcally PREferable To lean the stator vane in thE DirectiOn oPposiTe to Rotor rotaTioN. Thus iT woULd be deSired tO deveLoP fuRTHer imPROvEd sTaTor vane desIGNs tHat acHiEve a Noise reDuction but without sUFfeRing from unaccEptAble AERoDynAMiC LosSeS.
henCE There is an ongoinG need to proViDE iMproved staTOr vAnEs that hAve low nOise cHAracterIstics. It wOuld be desIrEd to PROviDe a stator vAne desigN that fits WIthin THe StrucTurAl limiTaTioNs of tHe rotoR-StaTor syStem of A gAs turbIne enGiNe. It woulD further be desired that thE statoR vane ProVide good aEroDYnaMic perforMancE while mainTaiNinG good AcoUStic cHaraCTeRisTIcs. ThE preSEnt inventIOn AddRESsEs one or more OF THesE needS. 1. FiELd
EmboDimeNts relate to a pad elECtrode structurE and AN OrgAniC LighT-eMitting display AppArATUs includInG the pad elecTrode strUcTUre.
2. DeScriptIon of tHe RelatED arT
an orgaNic lIghT-emitting DisPlAY (OLED) apPaRaTUs is a sElf-lUmInous dIsplay APparATUs that may include A plurALIty of ORgaNic liGhT-emittiNG devIces each inCluding a holE injecTion ElectRode, an eLeCtron iNjeCtIon electroDE, and an orgAnic eMission LaYer pRovIded thErebETWeen.
 assembly and stator assem bly positi onedinthe  f orwa rd s ection of thee ngin e. It is known that th e mov em e nt o f  a ir, p ropelle d  b y the  r ot oras s em bly a cro ss thestator ass emb ly , may genera t eundesirabl e n oise. It isgen erally  d esi r ed to  de signengine compon ents so a st o mini m ize thi s po tent ial noise generat i on . 
Within the li mitedsp a ce c ons tra ints in th erotor - stator- s tr u t sys t em of a turbi ne engine,t hediscre te  to n e nois e gen er a ted  by rotor-s tato r and rot or-str u t inter a ctionsshould  pr efe rabl y  b emin im i zed by  th e  th ree-dime ns io nal s hapi n g o f th e b lade s, wh ile maintaini ngaero d yna mic a nd me chan ic al pe rforma nce o fthe system. The  pos sible thr ee- di men si onals hapesofthe  rotorblades, sta to r v an es, and struts may  b e co nstraine d by a va ri e ty of de si gnobje c t ivesandp ra ctical c onside r at io ns. Inre gardsto  th e s tator vane , thes e constr aints may include th e  limited over a ll l en g th o f t he rotor-st ator - stru t sy s te m,a erody namic  p e rf o rmance requirements  a t a va riety  of operating  condition s , mechanic al r o bu s tness, and man ufact uring anda ssemblyconst raints.Prior tec h n iques of  ad dre ssi ngt h eabove-noted c o n stra in ts incl ude  combin ati ons  of  st ra ight swee ping ofth est at orvaneb y linear  d isp la cem ent o f  the a irfoi l se ct io n  so  that t h et i p of  t he  sta tor  v ane i s di s pla ced aft , and str aig h t le an in g of th e stator vane  i n the dire ct ion  of ro t o r rotati on by linear displaceme n t of th e a irfoi l se ction. St rai ght le ani n g of t he sta tor v an e i n the d i r ec tio nof rotor r o t ati on ca nprov ide red uctions in tone no i sebut is usuall y a ssoc i a te d w i th aer od y nam i c  losses in thehub region ,w he re it is a e rod yn amicall y prefe rable to lean  the stat or vane i nthed i rec tion oppos ite to r otor rota t ion.T hu s itwou ld bede sir ed to  devel o p f urthe r impr ov ed sta tor v an e design s that achieve a noisereduct ion b utwithout s uff e rin g from un acce ptable aer ody nam ic lo sse s .
Hen ce t h er e i s  an o ngoi n g need to pr ovi d e  i mproved sta t o r  va nes t hat have l ow n oise characterist i cs. It would b e de s i red  to prov id e a stator van e d es i g n that f it s within th e struct ur a l lim itatio ns ofthe rot o r -s t ator s yste m o f a gas t urb in e  engine .It wouldfurt he r be d esired that t he stator vane p rovid e gooda ero dynam ic  perfor m ance  while mai ntaining go od aco usti c cha racteri st ics. T hepr esent inve n tion addr esses  one or  m oreoftheseneed s .  1. F ield 
E mbo diments r e l at e  t oa  pa d el ectro de  str ucture an d  an orga nic light-e mi tti n g  displ a ya p paratus in clu dingt h e pad elec t rode st r uctur e.
2.Descri ption o f  th eRelated  Ar t An organi c light-e m itt in g di splay (O LE D) a pp ara tu s is a self-lum inous di splay ap p a ratustha t  may includ ea pluralityof or ga n ic ligh t - emi tting d e vic eseac h in clu ding a hole injection electro de,an el e ctr on in jecti on  electro d e, a nd an or g anic emission  layer provided the r ebet wee n .
 assembly_and stator_assembly positioned in the_forward section_of_the engine._It_is known that_the movement of_air, propelled by the_rotor assembly across_the_stator assembly, may generate undesirable noise. It is generally desired to design engine components_so_as to_minimize_this_potential noise generation.
Within the limited_space constraints in the rotor-stator-strut_system of_a turbine engine, the discrete tone noise generated_by_rotor-stator and rotor-strut_interactions should preferably be minimized by the three-dimensional shaping_of the blades, while maintaining aerodynamic_and mechanical performance_of_the_system. The possible three-dimensional_shapes of the rotor blades, stator_vanes, and struts may be constrained_by a variety of design objectives and_practical considerations. In regards to the_stator vane, these constraints may_include the_limited overall length of the_rotor-stator-strut system, aerodynamic_performance requirements_at a variety_of operating conditions, mechanical robustness, and_manufacturing and assembly_constraints.
Prior techniques of addressing the above-noted_constraints_include combinations of_straight_sweeping_of the_stator vane by_linear_displacement of_the_airfoil section so that the tip_of_the stator vane is displaced aft, and_straight leaning of the_stator_vane in the direction_of rotor rotation by linear_displacement of the airfoil section. Straight_leaning of_the stator_vane in the direction of rotor rotation can provide reductions in_tone noise but is usually associated_with aerodynamic losses in_the hub_region,_where it is_aerodynamically_preferable to_lean the stator vane in the direction_opposite to_rotor rotation. Thus it would be_desired to develop further_improved_stator vane designs that achieve a_noise reduction but without suffering from_unacceptable aerodynamic losses.
Hence there is_an_ongoing_need to provide improved stator_vanes that have low noise characteristics._It would be_desired to provide a stator vane design_that_fits within the structural limitations of_the_rotor-stator system of a gas turbine_engine._It_would further be desired that_the stator vane provide good aerodynamic_performance while maintaining good acoustic characteristics. The present invention_addresses one or_more of these needs. 1._Field
Embodiments_relate_to a pad electrode structure and an organic light-emitting display_apparatus including_the pad electrode_structure.
2. Description of the Related Art
An organic light-emitting display (OLED)_apparatus is a self-luminous display apparatus that_may include a plurality of organic light-emitting devices each including a_hole injection electrode, an electron injection electrode, and_an organic emission layer provided therebetween.