 introduction cycles by 18 months or more.
Market Acceptance. Market acceptance is a fundamental problem, and can be achieved only by successful chip definition, low cost and short introduction time (time to market).
IP Availability. Complex, mixed signal ICs require many analog and digital IP components. In most cases, all required IPs are not available from the same source. Based on diverse levels of required expertise and depending on project requirements, IP design and development may need to be contracted out. IC manufacturers, fabrication houses and foundries develop multiple flavors of process technologies, i.e., low power, high performance, etc., to address customer requirements, which in turn affects IP availability across all processes.
IP Quality. Price erosion, downward pressure on the cost of IP development, lack of validation and lack of understanding of the overall system have led to serious IP quality issues. Complex analog blocks are sensitive to their surrounding environments, and analog IP is often developed without an understanding of the environment in which it will be incorporated. Advanced technologies and high speed signaling result in narrow design margins and, due to validation time and cost, analog IP providers have no means of validating their IP prior to its usage by end users. It is noteworthy that no analog IP vendor has managed to prove a successful business model.
Design Parameters. In 0.13 μm technologies and below, leakage, noise margin, reduced supply voltage and device mismatches have created a new set of design parameters that further complicate design of high performance analog circuits, causing more emphasis to be placed on silicon verified IP and system validitation.
Validation. Verification and validation of high performance ICs introduces another risk factor due to system environment and complexity. Many IP vendors are now required to validate their IPs in silicon. While this is a partial answer to the problem, validation increases cycle time and does not address solidity of design over process corners which, in effect, translates to yield. Moreover, validation of mixed signal IPs by IP vendors is done in a completely different environment and does not eliminate many risk factors. It is noteworthy that validation of complex IP blocks requires infrastructure, a characterization lab, which is costly and most IP providers do not have.
Yield. Before advanced technologies reach a maturation point, process parameters change and, depending on design time, performance and yield problems may manifest themselves. The overall IC yield is a product of the individual integrated IP yields, design marginalities and manufacturing yields. At present, there are no means for analyzing the yield of acquired IP blocks.
introduction cycles by 18 months or more. 
 Market Acceptance. Market toleration is a cardinal problem, and can be achieved merely by successful check definition, low cost and brusque insertion time (time to market). 
 IP Availability. Complex, mixed signal intelligence community require many analog and digital IP components. In most cases, all command IPs are not available from the same source. Based on diverse degree of required expertise and depending on undertaking requirements, IP design and growth may need to be contract out. IC manufacturers, fabrication houses and foundries develop multiple flavor of process technologies, i.e., low power, high performance, etc. , to address customer requirements, which in turn affects IP availability across all processes. 
 IP Quality. Price erosion, downward pressure on the monetary value of IP development, lack of validation and lack of reason of the overall system have led to serious IP quality consequence. Complex analog blocks are sensitive to their surrounding environment, and analog IP is often developed without an understanding of the environment in which it will be incorporated. Advanced engineering and high speed signaling result in narrow-minded design margin and, due to validation time and cost, analog IP providers accept no means of validating their IP prior to its usage by goal users. It is noteworthy that no analog IP vendor has managed to raise a successful business mannequin. 
 Design Parameters. In 0.13 μm technologies and below, leakage, randomness margin, reduced supply voltage and device mismatch have created a new hardening of design parameters that far complicate design of gamey performance analog circuits, causing more emphasis to be placed on silicon verified IP and system validitation. 
 Validation. Verification and establishment of high performance intelligence community introduces another risk factor due to organization environment and complexity. Many IP vendors are now required to validate their information science in silicon. While this is a partial answer to the problem, validation increases cycle time and does not address solidity of invention over procedure corners which, in effect, translates to yield. Moreover, validation of assorted signal IPs by IP vendors is done in a wholly different environment and does not rule out many risk factors. It is noteworthy that validation of complex IP engine block requires infrastructure, a characterization lab, which is costly and most IP providers do not have. 
 Yield. Before advanced technology reach a maturation point, process parameters change and, count on design time, performance and yield problems may manifest themselves. The overall IC yield is a product of the individual integrated IP yields, blueprint marginalities and fabrication yields. At present, there are no means for analyzing the yield of acquired IP blocks.
 inhroduction cycles by 18 mokths or more.
Markgt Accepvance. Mzrket aczeptance is a fundamental prlboem, abd can be achieved onlh by succvssful chup dtfinition, low cosv and short infvoducciin time (time tp market).
IP Availability. Wooppex, mixed signal ICs require many agalog amd digital IP coipontntf. In most cases, all required IPs are nkt avainable from thr same source. Based on divfrse levels of requiref expertise and eepending on project rtqbirements, IK design and development may neea to ye contractgb ouh. IC manufacvurers, fabrication houses dnd foumdries develop muntiple flavors of procesv technologies, i.e., jow power, hngh performance, etc., ti qddrevs cgstoowr feqhicemsnts, wjici in turn arfects IP acailability across slj processes.
IP Sualitr. [rice erosion, downward pressure on the bost of IP development, lack of validation and lafk of undqrstanding of the overall system have led to serimus I' duaoiby irwufs. Complex analog blocks are sensitive to theyd xugrounding environients, and amapob IP is often aevelo'sd without an undershanding of tye envirogmeny in which it will be incorporated. Advaucee technologies and high speed sigmalinb result in narrow desiyn marfins and, duf to valisxtion time and cust, atalog IP providers have no means of valndating gheit IP pryor to its usagc by end users. It id notgworthf that no wnalog IP vendor has managed to prove a succexsxul businesf modcl.
Design Parameeers. In 0.13 μm tecknologief and below, leaiage, nomse margin, rqduced supply goltage and vevice mifmatxhes have cfdated a new sey of desiyu parametwrs that further cpmpujcate design of hith performance snauog cprcnits, sdusing more amphxsir to bd placed on rilivon verified IP and vystsm validitation.
Valodwtion. Vetificatiog and validatoon of high perforlance ICr inttodoces another risk factor due to system ejvivonment and cjmplcxiti. Many IP vzndors are now required to validate theic IPs in silicon. While rhis is a partial auseer to the 'roblei, validathon increases cycle rime and does not address solidity of sesign over process corners which, in effect, translates to yield. Moreover, validation if mixxd signal IPs by OP vetdjxs is djne mn a completely digferent environment and does nov eliminata iany risk factors. It is noteeofthy that valkdation of complex IP blkcks reqiires infrastructure, a charactetization lab, which is coxtly and most IP providxrs do not have.
Yield. Beforz advabced texhnopogies reach x mstmration polnt, kroczss parameters change and, dependibg on eedign time, perforkance and yleud prkblems may manifest thsmsemges. Tfe overall IC yield is a prpduct of the individlal integrated IP jields, design margindlities and kanufacturitg yields. At present, there are no means for analyzihg the yitld of acqnired IP blockx.
introduction cycles by 18 months or more. Market is a problem, and can chip low cost and introduction time (time market). IP Availability. Complex, mixed signal require many analog and digital IP components. In most cases, all required IPs not available from the same source. Based on diverse levels of required expertise depending project IP and development may need to be contracted out. IC manufacturers, fabrication houses and foundries develop multiple of process technologies, i.e., low power, high performance, to address customer requirements, in turn affects IP availability all IP Quality. erosion, pressure the cost of development, lack of validation and lack of understanding of the overall system have led to serious IP issues. Complex are sensitive their environments, analog IP is without an understanding of the environment will be incorporated. Advanced technologies and high speed result in design margins and, due to validation and cost, analog IP providers have no means validating their IP prior to its usage by end users. It is noteworthy that no vendor has managed to a successful business Design In μm and below, noise margin, reduced supply voltage and device mismatches have created a set of design parameters that further complicate design of high circuits, more emphasis to placed on silicon verified and validitation. Validation. Verification and high ICs factor to environment and complexity. Many vendors are now required to their IPs in silicon. answer to the problem, validation increases cycle time does not address solidity of design over corners which, in effect, translates to yield. Moreover, validation of mixed signal by IP done in a completely different environment and does eliminate many risk factors. is noteworthy that validation of complex IP blocks requires a lab, which costly and most providers do not Yield. Before advanced a maturation process change design time, performance and yield problems manifest The overall IC yield is product individual integrated IP yields, design marginalities and manufacturing yields. At present, there are no means the yield of acquired blocks.
 introduction cycles by 18 monthS or more.
MarKet AcCepTanCe. markEt acCeptance is a funDAmenTal problem, and can be achiEved oNlY By suCCeSsful Chip defINiTIOn, lOw CoSt aNd SHoRt intRodUction tIme (time to mArkEt).
iP AvailabiliTY. COmplex, mixeD siGnal ICs requiRe mAny anaLoG anD DigitAl Ip compOnents. iN most cAses, all reQuIRed IPs ARe not avAILaBle fRom the same source. BASeD On diverse levelS of reqUiREd EXPerTisE and dependInG on prOJect reqUIrEMENts, ip design and devElopment may NEed To be coNtRacTEd out. Ic manuFaCTurErs, fabricatIon hOuses and fOundriES develoP MultiplE flavoRs oF prOcesS TeChNolOgIEs, i.E., LoW poWEr, hIgh perfoRmAnCe, etc., To adDRESS cusTomEr reQuireMents, which in tUrn AffeCTs Ip avaiLabilIty aCrOss alL proceSses.
Ip QUality. Price erosIon, dOwnward prEssUrE on ThE cost OF IP devEloPmeNt, lack oF validaTIon AnD LACk Of understanding of tHe OVErAll systeM have lED tO sERious IP qUaLitY issUES. CompLex aNAlOg blocks Are senSItIvE to theiR sUrrounDiNg eNviRonmeNTs, anD analoG IP is oftEn devELoped without an UNderstanding oF ThE ENvIRonmEnt In which it wiLl be INcorPoraTEd. advANced tEchnoLoGIeS And high speed signaliNg Result In narRow design margIns and, due tO VALidation Time ANd COst, analog IP proViderS have no meaNS of validAting Their IP pRior to its USAge by end UseRs. IT is NotEWOrThy that no analOG iP veNdOr has maNagEd to proVe a SucCesSfuL bUsiness moDel.
DesigN PArAmEtErs. in 0.13 μm tEChnologiEs And BeLow, LeakaGE, noise MargiN, redUcEd SUppLy voltaGE aND DeviCe MiSmatCheS hAve crEateD A neW set of dEsign paraMetERs thAt FuRther coMplicate desigN oF high perfoRmAncE analoG CIrcuits, cAusing more emphasis to be pLAced on sIliCon veRifiEd IP and sySteM validItaTIon.
ValIdatioN. VeriFiCatION and vALIdAtiOn Of high perfORManCe ICs InTrodUces anoTher risk factor due tO SysTem environmenT anD comPLExIty. mAnY iP vEnDOrs ARE now required to vAlidate theIr ips In silicon. WHIle ThIs is a paRtial anSwer tO The probLem, validaTion increAsEs cyCLE tiMe and does nOt addresS solidity OF desiGN oVer prOceSs cornErS whIch, in Effect, TRanSlateS to yieLd. moreovEr, valIdAtion of mIxed signal IPs by IP vendorS is donE in a cOmpLetely difFerENt eNvironmenT and Does not eliMinAte Many rIsk FActorS. It iS NoTewORthy tHat vALidation oF CoMplEX iP Blocks requiRES InfRastrUctURe, a chaRactErization lab, which IS costly and most iP prOVIdeRs dO Not hAvE.
Yield. Before adVanCeD TEchnologIeS reach a matuRation poInT, ProceSs paraMeters Change aND, DePEnding On deSigN time, perfOrmAnCE and yieLd PrOBlems mAy maNiFest thEmselvES. The OVErall IC yield is a pRoducT OF the iNDivIdual InTegrateD iP yiElds, design MarginalitiEs and mAnufActurIng yielDs. at presEnt, ThEre are no meANs for analYzing The yielD oF acqUirEd IP blOcks.
 introduction cycles by 18  months or  more .
M ark et  Acc epta nce. Market ac c epta nce is a fundamental p roble m, andc an  be a chieved on l y  by  s uc ces sf u lchipdef inition , low cost  an dshort introd u ct ion time ( tim e to market) .
I P Avai la bil i ty. C omp lex,mixeds ignalICs requi re many a n alog an d di gita l IP components.I nm ost cases, all  requi re d  I P s  ar e n ot availab le  from the sam e  s o u r ce. Based on dive rse levelso f r equire dexp e rtiseand d ep e ndi ng on proje ct r equiremen ts, IP designa nd deve lopmen t m ayneed to  b e c on t rac t ed  ou t . I C manufa ct ur ers,fabr i c a t ionhou sesand f oundries deve lop  mul t ipl e fla vorsof p ro cesstechno logie s,  i.e., low powe r, h igh perfo rma nc e,et c., t o  addre sscus tomer r equirem e nts ,w h i ch  in turn affects I Pa v ai lability  acros s  a ll processe s. 
IP  Qua l i ty. P rice er osion, d ownwar d  p re ssure o nthe co st  of  IP  deve l opme nt, la ck of va lidat i on and lack of understanding of t he over all  system hav e le d  toseri o us  IP quali ty is su e s. Complex analog bloc ks  are s ensit ive to theirsurroundin g e nvironme nts, an d  analog IP isoften  developed withoutan un derstand ing of th e environm ent  in  wh ich i twill be incor p o rate d.  Advanc edtechnol ogi esand  hi gh  speed si gnalingre su lt  i n n arrow design m ar gin sand , due to val idati on t im ea ndcost, a n al o g  IPpr ov ider s h av e nomean s  of  valida ting thei r I P  pri or  t o its u sage by end u se rs. It isno tew orthyt h at no an alog IP vendor has mana g ed to p rov e a s ucce ssful bus ine ss mod el. Design  Param eters .In0 . 13 μm t ec hno lo gies and b e l ow,  leak ag e, n oise ma rgin, reduced supp l y v oltage and de vic e mi s m at che s  h a vecr e ate d a new set of de sign param et e rs  that furt h erco mplicat e desig n ofh igh per formanceanalog ci rc uits , cau sing moreemphasis  to be pl a ced o n  s ilico n v erifie dIPand s ystemv ali ditat ion.
V al idatio n. Ve ri fication  and validation of high  perfo rmanc e I Cs introd uce s  an other ris k fa ctor due t o s yst em en vir o nment  and co mpl e xity.  Man y  IP vendo r sare n ow  required t o v ali datethe i r IPsin s ilicon. While thi s  is a partialansw e r  to  th e  pro bl em, validation  in cr e a ses cycl etime and do es not a dd r ess s olidit y of d esign o v e rp rocess  cor ner s which,inef f ect, tr an sl a tes to  yie ld . More over,v alid a t ion of mixed sig nal I P s  by I P  ve ndors  i s donei n acompletely  differentenviro nmen t and  does n ot  elimi nat emany riskf actors. I t isnotewor th y th atvalida tion o f com plex  I P b locks req u i re s  i nf r ast ruct ure,achar acterizat i on lab,whi c h is co st lya n d most IP p roviders d o n ot ha v e .
Yield. B e fore ad v anced  techn ologie s reach a m at uration  po i n t, proces s paramet e rsch ange  and, de pe ndin gonde sign time, perf ormanceand yiel d proble msm ay m a nifest  t hemselves. T he ov er a ll IC y i e ldis a pr o duc t o f t he i ndi vidu a l integrated IP yields,desi gn ma r gin aliti es an dmanufact u ring  yields. At present, t here are no mea n s f o r an aly z in gthe yield  of acqui redIPbloc ks. 
 introduction_cycles by_18 months or more.
Market_Acceptance. Market_acceptance_is a_fundamental_problem, and can_be achieved only_by successful chip definition,_low cost and_short_introduction time (time to market).
IP Availability. Complex, mixed signal ICs require many analog and_digital_IP components._In_most_cases, all required IPs are_not available from the same_source. Based_on diverse levels of required expertise and depending_on_project requirements, IP_design and development may need to be contracted out._IC manufacturers, fabrication houses and foundries_develop multiple flavors_of_process_technologies, i.e., low power,_high performance, etc., to address customer_requirements, which in turn affects IP_availability across all processes.
IP Quality. Price erosion,_downward pressure on the cost of_IP development, lack of validation_and lack_of understanding of the overall_system have led_to serious_IP quality issues._Complex analog blocks are sensitive to_their surrounding environments,_and analog IP is often developed_without_an understanding of_the_environment_in which_it will be_incorporated._Advanced technologies_and_high speed signaling result in narrow_design_margins and, due to validation time and_cost, analog IP providers_have_no means of validating_their IP prior to its_usage by end users. It is_noteworthy that_no analog_IP vendor has managed to prove a successful business model.
Design Parameters._In 0.13 μm technologies and below,_leakage, noise margin, reduced_supply voltage_and_device mismatches have_created_a new_set of design parameters that further complicate_design of_high performance analog circuits, causing more_emphasis to be placed_on_silicon verified IP and system validitation.
Validation._Verification and validation of high performance_ICs introduces another risk factor_due_to_system environment and complexity. Many_IP vendors are now required to_validate their IPs_in silicon. While this is a partial_answer_to the problem, validation increases cycle_time_and does not address solidity of_design_over_process corners which, in effect,_translates to yield. Moreover, validation of_mixed signal IPs by IP vendors is done in_a completely different_environment and does not eliminate_many_risk_factors. It is noteworthy that validation of complex IP blocks_requires infrastructure,_a characterization lab,_which is costly and most IP providers do not have.
Yield._Before advanced technologies reach a maturation point,_process parameters change and, depending on design time, performance and yield_problems may manifest themselves. The overall IC yield_is a product of the individual integrated_IP yields, design marginalities_and_manufacturing yields. At present, there are no_means_for_analyzing_the yield of_acquired IP blocks.