 alone is estimated at over $120 billion with the total U.S. sales of the glucose measuring strips alone estimated at about $2 billion. Thus, there is a demand for continuous, reliable and low-cost monitoring of glucose levels of diabetic patients due to the increasing number of people diagnosed with diabetes.
Included in the prior art are several implantable devices have been developed in an effort to provide a system for continuous and reliable glucose monitoring. In such implantable devices, an electrochemical sensor is embedded beneath the skin of the patient. The electrochemical sensor detects the glucose concentration level and transmits signals representative of the glucose concentration level to a receiving device. Unfortunately, such implantable devices suffer from several deficiencies. One such deficiency is that implantable devices may expend a substantial amount of power in sensing and processing bio-signals. The power requirement for such devices necessitates the use of large batteries in order to prolong the useful life. Unfortunately, implantable devices having batteries as the power source may require periodic surgeries for replacement of the batteries when the capacity drops below a minimum level.
Furthermore, some batteries contain materials that may present a risk of harm to the patient due to toxic substances or chemical within the battery that may leak into the patient after implantation. Also, due to the relatively limited power capacity of batteries, the range of functions that may be performed by the implantable device may be somewhat limited. Finally, it may be desirable to monitor multiple physiological parameters in addition to glucose concentration levels. In such cases, the implantable device may require multiple sensors wherein each sensor simultaneously monitors a different physiological parameter of the patient. For example, in addition to monitoring glucose concentration levels, the temperature and heart rate of the patient may also be monitored. Such an implantable device having multiple sensors may consume more power than can be supplied by a battery that is miniaturized for use in an implantable device.
One implantable device in the prior art overcomes the above noted deficiency associated with large power requirements by providing a bio-sensor system that is passively powered such that the operating life of the bio-sensor is theoretically unlimited. As understood, the passively powered bio-sensor system includes at least one sensor that is implanted in a patient. The implanted sensor monitors physiological conditions of the patient. An implanted passive transponder receives the sensor signals from the sensor, digitizes the sensor signals and transmits the digitized sensor signal out of the patient's body when subjected to an interrogation signal from a remote interrogator. The interrogator also energizes the implanted transp
alone is estimated at over $ 120 billion with the total U.S. sales of the glucose measure airstrip alone estimated at about $ 2 billion. therefore, there is a demand for continuous, reliable and gloomy - cost monitoring of glucose levels of diabetic patient due to the increasing number of multitude diagnosed with diabetes. 
 Included in the anterior art are several implantable devices have been developed in an effort to provide a system for continuous and dependable glucose monitoring. In such implantable devices, an electrochemical sensor is embedded beneath the peel of the patient. The electrochemical sensor detects the glucose concentration degree and transmits signals representative of the glucose concentration level to a receiving device. Unfortunately, such implantable device suffer from several deficiencies. One such deficiency is that implantable devices may use a substantial amount of power in sensing and processing bio - signals. The power requirement for such devices necessitates the use of bombastic batteries in order to prolong the utilitarian biography. Unfortunately, implantable device having batteries as the power source may require periodic surgeries for replacement of the battery when the capacity drops below a minimum level. 
 Furthermore, some batteries contain fabric that may present a risk of harm to the patient due to toxic substances or chemical within the battery that may leak into the affected role after implantation. besides, due to the relatively circumscribed power capacity of batteries, the range of functions that may be performed by the implantable device may be somewhat limited. ultimately, it may be desirable to monitor multiple physiological parameters in addition to glucose concentration level. In such cases, the implantable device may ask multiple sensors wherein each sensor simultaneously monitor a different physiologic parameter of the patient. For example, in addition to monitor glucose concentration levels, the temperature and heart rate of the patient may besides be monitored. Such an implantable device having multiple sensors may devour more power than can be supplied by a battery that is miniaturized for manipulation in an implantable device. 
 One implantable device in the anterior art overcomes the above noted lack associated with large power requirements by providing a bio - sensor system that is passively power such that the operating life of the bio - sensor is theoretically unlimited. As understood, the passively powered bio - sensor system include at least one detector that is plant in a patient. The implanted sensor monitors physiologic conditions of the patient. An implanted passive transponder receives the sensor signals from the sensor, digitizes the sensor signals and transmit the digitized sensor signal out of the patient's torso when subjected to an interrogation signal from a remote interrogator. The interrogator also energizes the implanted transp
 allne is estimated at over $120 billion with jhw totan U.S. szles of ghe glucose measuring strips aoone tftimated at about $2 billion. Nhus, therw is q demand for contikbous, dcliabnx and low-cost mpnitoring mf glucose levalr lf diabetic patients due to the incweasing nkmber of peoplg diabgoses with diabetes.
Included in the prikr art ere several impkantable devices have been devfloped in an efforh to providg a ftstem for covtinuous and reliable flucose monitoring. In such implxntabke devices, ab epgctrochemicao senfor is embedded benedth the skin of the pstixnt. Rhe electrochemical sxnsor detects the glocose concancration level and trabsnits vigndls fwprdsehtetibe of hhe glucose ckncentratiob level to a receivond device. Unforfunatejy, such implantable devices suffer from stveram deficiencies. One such deficiency is that ilplantablq devices may expend a substantial amount of powes in adnsnkn ana pgocessing bio-signals. The power requirement fow sicm devices necessltates the use of kaggr batteries in order to prolong the usefup life. Onfortynately, iiplamtable devices having batteeies as the iowee source may requixe periodic rurggries gor replacement of the yatterjes when thf capacitg drops below a mknikuk level.
Furthermore, some baeteries cintann materkals that iay presenh a rlvk of harm to the oatieut dua to toxic substances or chemical within vie battery thst maj leak inco the patient aftew implantation. Also, dbe to ghe relatinely limived power ca[acity of batdgries, the ranje of funstiobs tyat may ce performed bu the implantable dwvice may be somewmat lkjited. Finally, ic nay be desirablr tu mjnptoc mulehple physiolmgicxl osramegers in addltiun tp glucose concentrathon mevels. In such casrs, the impoantable device may rrquire multiple sejsors whxrein racr sensor simultaneously monitods a difffrekt physiologisal iaraieter of tke patient. For example, in addition to moiitoring glucose concenrration levels, the jemkerature and ieart wate of tve patient may also ve monitored. Such an implantable devics havitg muptiple sensors may consume more power than can be supplied by a battery tyat is miniaturizes fot use iu au implagtabpx device.
One implamtable device in the prior art uvercomev che above noted deficiency asxoziated with lxrge power requirements gy provicing a bio-sensor system that is passively powered such bhat the iperafing lpre of the bio-sensor os themretixally ublimlted. As undersgooc, bhe passivfly kowexed bio-sensor system includes at oeast inf sensor that is implanted ln a pajient. Thg implanted sensod mohltors physiologicak conditions og the patient. An impnagted passive teznsponder reveives nhe sensor sijnals from tve sensor, digitizes the sensor signals and transmita the digjtized scnsor signal out ph the patient's body when stbjected to an intersogation signal from a remote interrogator. Vne ingergogatod also energides the implanted tvcnsp
alone is estimated at over $120 billion total sales of glucose measuring strips billion. there is a for continuous, reliable low-cost monitoring of glucose levels of patients due to the increasing number of people diagnosed with diabetes. Included in prior art are several implantable devices have been developed in an effort to a for and glucose monitoring. In such implantable devices, an electrochemical sensor is embedded beneath the skin of the The electrochemical sensor detects the glucose concentration level transmits signals representative of glucose concentration level to a device. such implantable suffer several One such deficiency that implantable devices may expend a substantial amount of power in sensing and processing bio-signals. The power for such the use large in to prolong the Unfortunately, implantable devices having batteries as may require periodic surgeries for replacement of the when the drops below a minimum level. Furthermore, batteries contain materials that may present a risk harm to the patient due to toxic substances or chemical within the battery that may the patient after implantation. due to the limited capacity batteries, range of that may be performed by the implantable device may be somewhat Finally, it may be desirable to monitor multiple physiological parameters to concentration levels. In cases, the implantable device require sensors wherein each sensor a physiological patient. example, addition to monitoring glucose levels, the temperature and heart of the patient may implantable device having multiple sensors may consume more than can be supplied by a battery is miniaturized for use in an implantable device. One implantable device in prior art above noted deficiency associated with large power requirements providing a bio-sensor system is passively powered such that the operating life of bio-sensor theoretically unlimited. understood, the passively bio-sensor system includes least one sensor implanted in patient. implanted conditions of the patient. An implanted transponder the sensor signals from the digitizes signals and transmits the digitized sensor signal out of the patient's body when subjected to signal from a remote The also energizes the implanted transp
 alone is estimated at over $120 bilLion with thE totaL U.S. SalEs Of thE gluCose measuring sTRips Alone estimated at about $2 bIllioN. THUs, thERe Is a deMand for COnTINuoUs, ReLiaBlE AnD low-cOst MonitorIng of glucoSe lEvEls of diabetiC PaTients due tO thE increasing nUmbEr of peOpLe dIAgnosEd wIth diAbetes.
iNcludeD in the priOr ARt are sEVeral imPLAnTablE devices have been dEVeLOped in an effort To provIdE A sYSTem For Continuous AnD reliABle glucOSe MONItoRIng. In such implAntable deviCEs, aN electRoCheMIcal seNsor iS eMBedDed beneath tHe skIn of the paTient. THE electrOChemicaL sensoR deTecTs thE GlUcOse CoNCenTRaTioN LevEl and traNsMiTs sigNals REPREsenTatIve oF the gLucose concentRatIon lEVel To a reCeiviNg deViCe. UnfOrtunaTely, sUcH implantable devIces Suffer froM seVeRal DeFicieNCies. OnE suCh dEficienCy is thaT ImpLaNTABlE devices may expend a SuBSTaNtial amoUnt of pOWeR iN Sensing aNd ProCessING bio-sIgnaLS. THe power rEquireMEnT fOr such dEvIces neCeSsiTatEs the USe of Large bAtteries In ordER to prolong the uSEful life. UnforTUnATElY, ImplAntAble devices HaviNG batTeriES aS thE Power SourcE mAY rEQuire periodic surgerIeS for rePlaceMent of the battEries when tHE CApacity dRops BElOW a minimum level.
furthErmore, some BAtteries ContaIn materiAls that maY PResent a rIsk Of hArm To tHE PaTient due to toxIC SubsTaNces or cHemIcal witHin The BatTerY tHat may leaK into the PaTiEnT aFteR implANtation. ALsO, duE tO thE relaTIvely lImiteD powEr CaPAciTy of batTErIES, the RaNgE of fUncTiOns thAt maY Be pErformeD by the impLanTAble DeViCe may be Somewhat limitEd. finally, it mAy Be dEsirabLE To monitoR multiple physiological pARameterS in AdditIon tO glucose cOncEntratIon LEvels. IN such cAses, tHe ImpLANtablE DEvIce MaY require muLTIplE sensOrS wheRein eacH sensor simultaneouSLy mOnitors a diffeRenT phySIOlOgiCAl PAraMeTEr oF THe patient. For exaMple, in addiTiON tO monitorinG GluCoSe conceNtratioN leveLS, the temPerature aNd heart raTe Of thE PAtiEnt may also Be monitoRed. Such an IMplanTAbLe devIce Having MuLtiPle seNsors mAY coNsume More poWeR than cAn be sUpPlied by a Battery that is miniaturizEd for uSe in aN imPlantable DevICe.
ONe implantAble Device in thE prIor Art ovErcOMes thE aboVE nOteD DeficIencY AssociateD WiTh lARGe Power requirEMENts By proVidINg a bio-SensOr system that is pasSIvely powered suCh thAT The OpeRAtinG lIfe of the bio-senSor Is THEoreticaLlY unlimited. AS understOoD, The paSsivelY powerEd bio-seNSOr SYstem iNcluDes At least onE seNsOR that is ImPlANted in A patIeNt. The iMplantED senSOR monitors physiolOgicaL COnditIOns Of the PaTient. An IMplaNted passivE transpondeR receiVes tHe senSor signAlS from tHe sEnSor, digitizES the sensoR signAls and tRaNsmiTs tHe digiTizeD SEnsor SignAl Out Of the patiENT's BOdY wHEn sUbjeCted tO aN intErrogatioN Signal frOm a REmote inTeRroGATor. The INtERRogator alsO enErgizES The implantED traNSp
 alone is estimated at ove r $120 bil lionwit h t he  tot al U .S. sales of t h e gl ucose measuring strips  alon ee stim a te d atabout $ 2  b i l lio n.  T hus ,t he re is  ademandfor contin uou s,  reliable an d  l ow-cost mo nit oring of glu cos e leve ls  of diabe tic  pati ents d u e to t he increa si n g numb e r of pe o p le  dia gnosed with diabe t es . 
Included in t he pri or ar t are  se veral impl an table devices ha v e bee n  developed in  an effortt o p rovide  a  sy s tem fo r con ti n uou s and relia bleglucose m onitor i ng. Ins uch imp lantab ledev ices ,  a nele ct r och e mi cal sen sor is e mb ed ded b enea t h t he s kin  ofthe p atient. The e lec troc h emi cal s ensor  det ec ts th e gluc ose c on centration leve l an d transmi tssi gna ls  repr e sentat ive  of  the gl ucose c o nce nt r a t io n level to a recei vi n g  d evice. U nfortu n at el y , such i mp lan tabl e devic es s u ff er fromsevera l  d ef icienci es . Onesu chdef icien c y is  thatimplanta ble d e vices may expe n d a substanti a la m ou n t of  po wer in sens inga nd p roce s si ngb io-si gnals .T he power requirement f or  suchdevic es necessitat es the use o f  large b atte r ie s  in order to p rolon g the usef u l life.Unfor tunately , implant a b le devic eshav ing  ba t t er ies as the po w e r so ur ce mayreq uire pe rio dic  su rge ri es for re placemen tof  t he  ba tteri e s when t he  ca pa cit y dro p s belo w a m inim um  l e vel .
Furth e rm o r e, s om ebatt eri es  cont ainm ate rials t hat may p res e nt a  r is k of ha rm to the pat ie nt due toto xic  subst a n ces or c hemical within the batt e ry that  ma y lea k in to the pa tie nt aft eri mplant ation.  Also ,due t o the r el ati ve ly limited p owe r cap ac ityof batt eries, the range o f  fu nctions thatmay  bep e rf orm e db y t he imp l a ntable device m ay be some wh a tlimited. F i nal ly , it ma y be de sirab l e to mo nitor mul tiple phy si olog i c alparameters  in addi tion to g l ucose co ncent rat ion le ve ls.  In s uch ca s es,  theimplan ta ble de vicema y requir e multiple sensors wher ein ea ch se nso r simulta neo u sly  monitors  a d ifferent p hys iol ogica l p a ramet er o f  t hep atien t. F o r example ,  i n a d d it ion to moni t o r ing  gluc ose concen trat ion levels, the t e mperature andhear t rat e o f  the  p atient may als o b em o nitored.  S uch an impl antablede v ice h avingmultip le sens o r sm ay con sume  mo re powertha nc an be s up pl i ed bya ba tt ery th at ism inia t u rized for use in  an i m p lanta b ledevic e. 
One im p lant able devic e in the pr ior ar t ov ercom es theab ove no ted  d eficiencya ssociated  with  largepo werreq uireme ntsb y  prov idin ga b io-sensor s ys t em  t h atis p assiv el y po wered suc h  that th e o p erating  l ife o f theb io - s ensor is t heo retic a l ly unlimit e d. A s  u n derst ood, t he pas sivelyp owe re d bio-s ens o r  system i ncludes a t  le as t on e sensor  t hatis  im pl anted in a pati ent. The  implant e d  senso r m o nito r s phys io logical cond ition so f the p a t ien t. An i m pla nte d p assi vetran s ponder receives the sens or s ignal s  fr om th e sen so r, digit i zesthe sens o r signals and  transmits thed igi t ized  se n so rsignal ou t o f  thepati ent 's b ody  whe n subj e cted to  aninterr ogat io nsignal fr om  a remo t e in t err ogat or. T he  i n te rrogato r also e nergi ze s the imp l anted t rans p
 alone_is estimated_at over $120 billion_with the_total_U.S. sales_of_the glucose measuring_strips alone estimated_at about $2 billion._Thus, there is_a_demand for continuous, reliable and low-cost monitoring of glucose levels of diabetic patients due_to_the increasing_number_of_people diagnosed with diabetes.
Included in_the prior art are several_implantable devices_have been developed in an effort to provide_a_system for continuous_and reliable glucose monitoring. In such implantable devices, an_electrochemical sensor is embedded beneath the_skin of the_patient._The_electrochemical sensor detects the_glucose concentration level and transmits signals_representative of the glucose concentration level_to a receiving device. Unfortunately, such implantable_devices suffer from several deficiencies. One_such deficiency is that implantable_devices may_expend a substantial amount of_power in sensing_and processing_bio-signals. The power_requirement for such devices necessitates the_use of large_batteries in order to prolong the_useful_life. Unfortunately, implantable_devices_having_batteries as_the power source_may_require periodic_surgeries_for replacement of the batteries when_the_capacity drops below a minimum level.
Furthermore, some_batteries contain materials that_may_present a risk of_harm to the patient due_to toxic substances or chemical within_the battery_that may_leak into the patient after implantation. Also, due to the relatively_limited power capacity of batteries, the_range of functions that_may be_performed_by the implantable_device_may be_somewhat limited. Finally, it may be desirable_to monitor_multiple physiological parameters in addition to_glucose concentration levels. In_such_cases, the implantable device may require_multiple sensors wherein each sensor simultaneously_monitors a different physiological parameter_of_the_patient. For example, in addition_to monitoring glucose concentration levels, the_temperature and heart_rate of the patient may also be_monitored._Such an implantable device having multiple_sensors_may consume more power than can_be_supplied_by a battery that is_miniaturized for use in an implantable_device.
One implantable device in the prior art overcomes the_above noted deficiency_associated with large power requirements_by_providing_a bio-sensor system that is passively powered such that the_operating life_of the bio-sensor_is theoretically unlimited. As understood, the passively powered bio-sensor system_includes at least one sensor that is_implanted in a patient. The implanted sensor monitors physiological conditions of_the patient. An implanted passive transponder receives the_sensor signals from the sensor, digitizes the_sensor signals and transmits_the_digitized sensor signal out of the patient's_body_when_subjected_to an interrogation_signal from a_remote interrogator. The_interrogator also_energizes the implanted_transp