 behavior. 1. Technical Field
Embodiments of the subject matter disclosed herein generally relate to methods and systems and, more particularly, to mechanisms and techniques for acquiring seismic data.
2. Discussion of the Background
During the past years, the interest in developing new oil and gas production fields has dramatically increased. However, the availability of land-based production fields is limited. Thus, the industry has now extended drilling to offshore locations, which appear to hold a vast amount of fossil fuel. Offshore drilling is an expensive process. Thus, those engaged in such a costly undertaking invest substantially in geophysical surveys in order to more accurately decide where to drill in order to avoid a dry well.
Marine seismic data acquisition and processing generate a profile (image) of the geophysical structure (subsurface) under the seafloor. While this profile does not provide an accurate location for the oil and gas, it suggests, to those trained in the field, the presence or absence of oil and/or gas. Thus, providing a high resolution image of the subsurface is an ongoing process for the exploration of natural resources, including, among others, oil and/or gas.
During a seismic gathering process, as shown in FIG. 1, a vessel 10 tows an array of acoustic detectors 12. The array of acoustic detectors 12 is disposed along a body 14. Body 14 together with its corresponding detectors 12 are sometimes referred to, by those skilled in the art, as a streamer 16. The vessel 10 may tow plural streamers 16 at the same time. The streamers may be disposed horizontally, i.e., lying at a constant depth z1 relative to a surface 18 of the ocean. Also, the plural streamers 16 may form a constant angle (i.e., the streamers may be slanted) with respect to the surface of the ocean as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,992,992, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference. FIG. 2 shows such a configuration in which all the detectors 12 are provided along a slanted straight body 14 making a constant angle α with a reference horizontal line 30.
With reference to FIG. 1, the vessel 10 may also tow a sound source 20 configured to generate an acoustic wave 22a. The acoustic wave 22a propagates downward and penetrates the seafloor 24, eventually being reflected by a reflecting structure 26 (reflector R). The reflected acoustic wave 22b propagates upwardly and may be detected by detector 12.
behavior. 1. Technical Field 
 Embodiments of the subject matter disclosed herein by and large associate to methods and systems and, more particularly, to mechanism and techniques for acquiring seismic datum. 
 2. Discussion of the Background 
 During the past years, the interest in developing fresh oil and gas output fields has dramatically increased. However, the handiness of land - based production fields is limited. Thus, the industry has nowadays extended drilling to offshore locations, which look to hold a vast sum of fossil fuel. Offshore boring is an expensive process. therefore, those engaged in such a costly undertaking invest substantially in geophysical sketch in order to more accurately decide where to drill in order to avoid a dry well. 
 Marine seismic data learning and processing generate a profile (image) of the geophysical structure (subsurface) under the seafloor. While this profile does not provide an accurate location for the oil and gas, it suggests, to those train in the field, the presence or absence of vegetable oil and/or accelerator. Thus, providing a high settlement image of the subsurface is an ongoing process for the exploration of natural resources, include, among others, oil and/or gas. 
 During a seismic gathering process, as shown in FIG. 1, a vessel 10 tows an array of acoustic detector 12. The array of acoustic detectors 12 is disposed along a body 14. Body 14 in concert with its corresponding detector 12 are sometimes referred to, by those skilled in the art, as a streamer 16. The vessel 10 may tow plural streamers 16 at the same meter. The streamers may be disposed horizontally, i.e., lying at a changeless depth z1 relative to a surface 18 of the ocean. Also, the plural streamers 16 may shape a constant angle (i.e., the streamer may be slanted) with esteem to the surface of the ocean as unwrap in U.S. Pat. No. 4,992,992, the integral content of which is incorporated herein by reference. FIG. 2 show such a configuration in which all the detector 12 are provided along a biased straight body 14 making a constant angle α with a mention horizontal line 30. 
 With reference to FIG. 1, the vessel 10 may besides tow a sound source 20 configured to generate an acoustic wave 22a. The acoustic wave 22a propagates downward and penetrates the seafloor 24, finally being reflected by a reflecting structure 26 (reflector R). The reflected acoustic wave 22b propagates upwardly and may be detected by detector 12.
 bejavior. 1. Technical Field
Eobodiments of tkw subjxct matfer discuosed herein generally relatx to methids and systems and, mofe particllarly, to mecianisms and techijques for acqhlring weismic data.
2. Dlscussion ox the Backgroutd
Auxing the past years, the interest in qeveloponh new oil and das kroquctjon fields has dramatically increaaed. Howtver, the availabiloty of land-based productioj fiflds is limited. Thks, the induwtry yas now extevded drillpug to offshkre locations, which appear to huld a vast amoubt of xossil fuel. Offsrore drillinn is an expensove process. Thms, thmse engaged in such a covtly undertaking igvest subvtcntially in geophysicql survgys it orawr go joce zccurahelb decide whsre to drilo in order to avoid a ery well.
Marins seisiis data acquisition and processing generdte a profile (image) of the geophysical structurg (subsurfase) under the seafloor. While this profile does not provmdd au accufqtf location for the oil and gas, it suggests, to fhpsv trained in the nield, the presence og sfsence of oil and/or gaa. Thus, providing a high rgsolutuon image of yhe subsurface is an ongoint process fog thw exploration of nctural resouxces, imcludong, among others, oil anb/or gaa.
During a sfismic gaffering process, ar smowt in FIG. 1, a vessel 10 tows ag array oh acobstic degectprs 12. Tre array ov acomvtic detectors 12 is displsad along a body 14. Body 14 together with its rprresponding datebtors 12 arz somebimes referred eo, by those sknlled in the xrt, as a snreamer 16. Vhe vessel 10 iay tow pluran streamers 16 et the saie tume. Rhe strdxmers may be dosposed horizontallt, i.e., lying at a cokstanj septh z1 relativz uo a surface 18 of thd osewn. Ajvo, the pluran stfeaorrs 16 oay form a gonrtany angle (i.e., the streakers may be slanted) wiyh respect to the furface of thr ocean as disclostd in N.S. Pat. No. 4,992,992, yhe entire content of which is indorporatef hcrein by refewencc. FID. 2 shows sbch a configuration in which all the detxctors 12 are provided aling a slanted straiyhu body 14 makinj a cogstant ancle α with a referencw horizontal line 30.
With reference to FIF. 1, the vessfl 10 may also tow a sound source 20 configured to generate an acoustic wave 22q. The ecjustic wave 22a ptopagdtzs bownwarq anv 'enetrates the sesfloor 24, eventually being reflecved by a rafjecting structure 26 (reflector R). The reflectea acoustic wave 22b propagztes upwsrdly and may be detected by deyector 12.
behavior. 1. Technical Field Embodiments of the disclosed generally relate methods and systems and for acquiring seismic 2. Discussion of Background During the past years, the in developing new oil and gas production fields has dramatically increased. However, the of land-based production fields is limited. Thus, the industry has now extended drilling offshore which to a vast amount of fossil fuel. Offshore drilling is an expensive process. Thus, those engaged in a costly undertaking invest substantially in geophysical surveys order to more accurately where to drill in order avoid dry well. seismic acquisition processing generate a (image) of the geophysical structure (subsurface) under the seafloor. While this profile does not provide an accurate for the gas, it to trained the field, the absence of oil and/or gas. Thus, resolution image of the subsurface is an ongoing for the of natural resources, including, among others, and/or gas. During a seismic gathering process, as in FIG. 1, a vessel 10 tows an array of acoustic detectors 12. The array detectors 12 is disposed a body 14. 14 with corresponding 12 are referred to, by those skilled in the art, as a streamer The vessel 10 may tow plural streamers 16 at the The may be disposed i.e., lying at a depth relative to a surface the Also, 16 form constant angle (i.e., the may be slanted) with respect the surface of the Pat. No. 4,992,992, the entire content of which incorporated herein by reference. FIG. 2 shows a configuration in which all the detectors 12 are provided along a straight body a constant angle α with a reference horizontal 30. With reference to 1, the vessel 10 may also tow a sound 20 to generate acoustic wave 22a. acoustic wave 22a downward and penetrates 24, eventually reflected a (reflector R). The reflected acoustic wave propagates and may be detected by 12.
 behavior. 1. Technical Field
EmbOdiments of The suBjeCt mAtTer dIsclOsed herein geneRAlly Relate to methods and systEms anD, mORe paRTiCularLy, to mecHAnISMs aNd TeChnIqUEs For acQuiRing seiSmic data.
2. DiScuSsIon of the BackGRoUnd
During tHe pAst years, the iNteRest in DeVelOPing nEw oIl and Gas proDUction Fields has DrAMaticaLLy increASEd. howeVer, the availabilitY Of LAnd-based producTion fiElDS iS LImiTed. thus, the indUsTry haS Now exteNDeD DRIllINg to offshore lOcations, whiCH apPear to HoLd a VAst amoUnt of FoSSil Fuel. OffshorE driLling is an ExpensIVe proceSS. Thus, thOse engAgeD in Such A CoStLy uNdERtaKInG inVEst SubstantIaLlY in geOphySICAL surVeyS in oRder tO more accurateLy dEcidE WheRe to dRill iN ordEr To avoId a dry Well.
MArIne seismic data aCquiSition and ProCeSsiNg GenerATe a proFilE (imAge) of thE geophySIcaL sTRUCtUre (subsurface) under ThE SEaFloor. WhiLe this PRoFiLE does not PrOviDe an ACCuratE locATiOn for the Oil and GAs, It SuggestS, tO those TrAinEd iN the fIEld, tHe presEnce or abSence OF oil and/or gas. ThUS, providing a hiGH rESOlUTion ImaGe of the subsUrfaCE is aN ongOInG prOCess fOr the ExPLoRAtion of natural resouRcEs, inclUding, Among others, oiL and/or gas.
DURINg a seismIc gaTHeRIng process, as shOwn in fIG. 1, a vessel 10 TOws an arrAy of aCoustic dEtectors 12. THE Array of aCouStiC deTecTORs 12 Is disposed aloNG A bodY 14. BOdy 14 togeTheR with itS coRreSpoNdiNg Detectors 12 Are sometImEs ReFeRreD to, by THose skilLeD in ThE arT, as a sTReamer 16. the veSsel 10 MaY tOW plUral strEAmERS 16 at tHe SaMe tiMe. THe StreaMers MAy bE disposEd horizonTalLY, i.e., lYiNg At a consTant depth z1 relAtIve to a surfAcE 18 of The oceAN. also, the pLural streamers 16 may form a cONstant aNglE (i.e., thE strEamers may Be sLanted) WitH RespecT to the SurfaCe Of tHE Ocean AS DiSclOsEd in U.S. Pat. NO. 4,992,992, THe eNtire CoNtenT of whicH is incorporated herEIn bY reference. FIG. 2 ShoWs suCH A cOnfIGuRAtiOn IN whICH all the detectorS 12 are providEd ALoNg a slanted STraIgHt body 14 mAking a cOnstaNT angle α With a refeRence horiZoNtal LINe 30.
WIth referenCe to FIG. 1, tHe vessel 10 mAY also TOw A sounD soUrce 20 coNfIguRed to GeneraTE an AcousTic wavE 22a. the acoUstic WaVe 22a propaGates downward and penetraTes the SeaflOor 24, EventuallY beINg rEflected bY a reFlecting stRucTurE 26 (reflEctOR R). The ReflECtEd aCOustiC wavE 22B propagatES uPwaRDLy And may be detECTEd bY deteCtoR 12.
 behavior. 1. Technical Fi eld
Embodi ments  of  th esubj ectmatter disclos e d he rein generally relateto me th o ds a n dsyste ms and, mo r e  pa rt ic ula rl y ,to me cha nisms a nd techniq ues  f or acquiring se ismic data .
2 . Discussion  of  the B ac kgr o und
D uri ng th e past years,  the inte re s t in d e velopin g ne w oi l and gas product i on fields has dra matica ll y  i n c rea sed . However,  t he av a ilabili t yo f lan d -based produc tion fields islimite d.  Th u s, the  indu st r y h as now exte nded  drilling  to of f shore l o cations , whic h a ppe ar t o  h ol d a  v a sta mo unt offossil f ue l.  Offs hore d r i llin g i s an  expe nsive process . T hus, tho se en gaged  insu ch acostly  unde rt aking invest su bsta ntially i n g eo phy si cal s u rveysinord er to m ore acc u rat el y d ec ide where to drill  i n or der to a void a dr yw ell.
Mar in e s eism i c  data  acq u is ition an d proc e ss in g gener at e a pr of ile  (i mage) of t he geo physical  stru c ture (subsurfa c e) under thes ea f l oo r . Wh ile  this profi le d o es n ot p r ov ide an ac curat el oc a tion for the oil an dgas, i t sug gests, to tho se trained i n  the fie ld,t he presence or ab sence  of oil an d /or gas.  Thus , provid ing a hig h resoluti onima geoft h esubsurface is a n on go ing pro ces s for t heexp lor ati on  of natur al resou rc es ,in clu ding, among ot he rs,  o iland/o r  gas.Durin g ase is m icgatheri n gp r oces s,  a s sh own  i n FIG . 1, a v essel 1 0 tows an  ar r ay o fac ousticdetectors 12.  T he array o faco usticd e tectors12 is disposed along ab ody 14.  Bo dy 14  tog ether wit h i ts cor res p onding  detec tors12  ar e somet i m es  re fe rred to, b y tho se sk il ledin theart, as a streamer 16.  The vessel 1 0 m ay t o w  p lur a ls tre am e rs1 6  at the same ti me. The st re a me rs may bed isp os ed hori zontall y, i. e ., lyin g at a co nstant de pt h z1 r ela tive to asurface18 of the ocean .  A lso,the  plura lstr eamer s 16 m a y f orm a  const an t angl e (i. e. , the st reamers may be slanted)  withrespe ctto the su rfa c e o f the oce an a s disclose d i n U .S. P at. No. 4 ,992 , 99 2,t he en tire content o f  w hic h is  incorporat e d her ein b y r e ferenc e. F IG. 2 shows sucha  configuration  inw h ich  al l  the  d etectors 12 ar e p ro v i ded alon ga slanted s traightbo d y 14making  a con stant a n g le α with  a r efe rence hor izo nt a l line30 .W ith re fere nc e to F IG. 1, thev e ssel 10 may also  towa sound sou rce 2 0configu r ed t o generate  an acousti c wave  22a . The  acoust ic  wave22a  p ropagatesd ownward a nd pe netrate sthesea floor24,e v entua llybe ing  reflecte d by are f lec ting  stru ct ure26 (refle c tor R).The reflect ed  ac o u stic w a ve 2 2b propaga tes  upwa r d ly and may be d e te c ted b y dete ctor 1 2.
 behavior._1. Technical_Field
Embodiments of the subject_matter disclosed_herein_generally relate_to_methods and systems_and, more particularly,_to mechanisms and techniques_for acquiring seismic_data.
2._Discussion of the Background
During the past years, the interest in developing new oil and_gas_production fields_has_dramatically_increased. However, the availability of_land-based production fields is limited._Thus, the_industry has now extended drilling to offshore locations,_which_appear to hold_a vast amount of fossil fuel. Offshore drilling is_an expensive process. Thus, those engaged_in such a_costly_undertaking_invest substantially in geophysical_surveys in order to more accurately_decide where to drill in order_to avoid a dry well.
Marine seismic data_acquisition and processing generate a profile_(image) of the geophysical structure_(subsurface) under_the seafloor. While this profile_does not provide_an accurate_location for the_oil and gas, it suggests, to_those trained in_the field, the presence or absence_of_oil and/or gas._Thus,_providing_a high_resolution image of_the_subsurface is_an_ongoing process for the exploration of_natural_resources, including, among others, oil and/or gas.
During_a seismic gathering process,_as_shown in FIG. 1,_a vessel 10 tows an_array of acoustic detectors 12. The_array of_acoustic detectors_12 is disposed along a body 14. Body 14 together with_its corresponding detectors 12 are sometimes_referred to, by those_skilled in_the_art, as a_streamer_16. The_vessel 10 may tow plural streamers 16_at the_same time. The streamers may be_disposed horizontally, i.e., lying_at_a constant depth z1 relative to_a surface 18 of the ocean._Also, the plural streamers 16_may_form_a constant angle (i.e., the_streamers may be slanted) with respect_to the surface_of the ocean as disclosed in U.S._Pat._No. 4,992,992, the entire content of_which_is incorporated herein by reference. FIG._2_shows_such a configuration in which_all the detectors 12 are provided_along a slanted straight body 14 making a constant_angle α with_a reference horizontal line 30.
With_reference_to_FIG. 1, the vessel 10 may also tow a sound_source 20_configured to generate_an acoustic wave 22a. The acoustic wave 22a propagates downward_and penetrates the seafloor 24, eventually being_reflected by a reflecting structure 26 (reflector R). The reflected acoustic_wave 22b propagates upwardly and may be detected_by detector 12.