 are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,391,199, 6,690,963, 6,484,118, 6,239,724, 6,618,612 and 6,332,089, in PCT International Publication WO 1996/005768, and in U.S. Patent Application Publications 2002/0065455 A1, 2003/0120150 A1 and 2004/0068178 A1, whose disclosures are all incorporated herein by reference.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,370,411, whose disclosure is incorporated herein by reference, describes a probe having two parts: a catheter of minimal complexity which is inserted into a patient's body, and a connection cable that connects between the proximal end of the catheter and the console. The catheter comprises a microcircuit that carries substantially only information specific to the catheter, which is not in common with other catheters of the same model. The cable comprises an access circuit which receives the information from the catheter and passes it in a suitable form to the console. In some embodiments, the cable operates with all catheters of a specific model or type, and therefore when a catheter is replaced, there is no need to replace the cable. Catheters that are planned for one-time use do not require replacement of the cable, which does not come in contact with patients.
U.S. Patent Application Publication 2006/0074289 A1, whose disclosure is incorporated herein by reference, discusses an endoscopic probe, whose handle has an orientation sensor that generates signals indicative of the orientation of the handle in an external frame of reference. The output of the orientation sensor may be used to sense movement of the handle relative to its initial position and orientation at the beginning of the endoscopic procedure. 1. Field
Example embodiments of inventive concepts described herein relate to user devices supporting defragmentation and/or zone-based defragmentation methods thereof.
2. Description of Conventional Art
Unlike a hard disk, a flash memory may not support an overwrite operation. For this reason, an erase operation may be performed before a write operation. The flash memory may perform an erase operation by a block unit, and a time taken to perform the erase operation may be long. The flash memory characteristics may make it difficult to apply a file system for hard disk to the flash memory without modification. To solve such problems, a flash translation layer FTL may be used as middleware between the file system for hard disk and the flash memory. The F
are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,391,199, 6,690,963, 6,484,118, 6,239,724, 6,618,612 and 6,332,089, in PCT International Publication WO 1996/005768, and in U.S. Patent Application Publications 2002/0065455 A1, 2003/0120150 A1 and 2004/0068178 A1, whose disclosures are all incorporated herein by reference. 
 U.S. Pat. nobelium. 6,370,411, whose disclosure is incorporate herein by reference, describes a probe experience two part: a catheter of minimal complexity which is inserted into a patient's torso, and a connection cable that get in touch between the proximal end of the catheter and the console. The catheter constitute a microcircuit that carries well only information specific to the catheter, which is not in coarse with other catheters of the like model. The cable comprises an entree circuit which receives the information from the catheter and passes it in a suitable kind to the console. In some embodiments, the cable operates with all catheters of a specific exemplar or type, and therefore when a catheter is replaced, there is no need to replace the cable. Catheters that are planned for one - time use do not require replacement of the cable, which does not come in contact with patients. 
 U.S. Patent Application Publication 2006/0074289 A1, whose disclosure is integrate herein by reference, discusses an endoscopic probe, whose handle have an orientation course sensor that generates signal indicative of the orientation of the handle in an external frame of reference. The output of the predilection sensor may be used to sense movement of the handle relative to its initial position and orientation course at the beginning of the endoscopic procedure. 1. Field 
 Example embodiments of inventive concept described herein relate to drug user device supporting defragmentation and/or zone - based defragmentation methods thereof. 
 2. Description of Conventional Art 
 Unlike a hard disk, a flash memory may not confirm an overwrite operation. For this reason, an erase operation may be performed before a write mathematical process. The flash memory may do an erase operation by a block unit, and a time taken to do the erase operation may be long. The flash memory characteristics may form it difficult to apply a file system for hard disk to the news bulletin memory without modification. To solve such problems, a flash translation layer FTL may be used as middleware between the file system for hard phonograph record and the flash memory. The F
 arf described in U.S. Pat. Nor. 5,391,199, 6,690,963, 6,484,118, 6,239,724, 6,618,612 and 6,332,089, in KCR Intecnationzl Publization WO 1996/005768, and in U.S. Patent Epplucatiin Publications 2002/0065455 A1, 2003/0120150 A1 xnd 2004/0068178 A1, whlse discoosuces are all incoclorated hereih by xeherence.
U.S. Pat. Np. 6,370,411, whose dhsclosure is itcur'orated herein by reference, describef a prone having two patts: a sathsnev of minimal complexity which is inserttd into a patient's body, and a connection cabpe tjat connects betwefn the proxumal wnd of the cxtheter and the consolg. The catheter comprises a microzircunt that cartnws dobstantially only information specifiw to thr catheter, whigh is nor in common with othec catheters of the swme model. Tke cable comprises an axcess cirwuit qhizh dereibes thf iiformation rrom the carheter and passes iu ig a suitable fkrm to tre console. In some embodiments, the cablt opedates with all catheterw of a specific model or type, wnd therefore when a catheter is replaced, there iv no iedd uo replxxe the cable. Catheters that are planned for one-ejmt uxe do not requlre replacement of tje sable, which dues noc ckme in contact witj patiegts.
U.S. Patent Akplicstion Publication 2006/0074289 A1, whose eisclosure if incorporated herenn by refereuce, dixcussrs an endoscopic probe, chose gandle has wn orientzgion sensor that gekerdtes signals indicative of the orieitatipn of tfe hsndle yn an extegnal nsame of reference. Hhe ootput mf the orifntation sensor may be used to sense movement ox tve handlz relabive to its inieial position cnd orieutatiov at the bvginning mf the endofcopic procedgte. 1. Field
Exam'le embodymenrs od invengkve concepts drscribed ktrein relare to user devices sukpkrting defragmeuuatuon and/or zone-bssea dqfgagkegdation methogs tferdpf.
2. Dercription on Cunvemtional Art
Unlike a vard disk, a flash memoty may not support an overwrite operation. For thid reavon, an etasg operation may be performed berore a wrlte operation. Tre foash memory kay perform an erase operation by a blork unit, and a time takgn to perform the eraxt operation mey be jong. The xlash memory charactwristics may make it difficult to applg a fine sydtem for hard disk to the flash memory without modification. To solve such problxmf, a flash tdanskatiot jcyer FTJ mab ue used as middleeare between the file system foc hard disn cnd the flash memory. The F
are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,391,199, 6,239,724, and 6,332,089, PCT International Publication Patent Publications 2002/0065455 A1, A1 and 2004/0068178 whose disclosures are all incorporated herein reference. U.S. Pat. No. 6,370,411, whose disclosure is incorporated herein by reference, describes probe having two parts: a catheter of minimal complexity which is inserted into patient's and connection that connects between the proximal end of the catheter and the console. The catheter comprises a that carries substantially only information specific to the which is not in with other catheters of the model. cable comprises access which the information from catheter and passes it in a suitable form to the console. In some embodiments, the cable operates all catheters specific model type, therefore a catheter is is no need to replace the are planned for one-time use do not require of the which does not come in contact patients. U.S. Patent Application Publication 2006/0074289 A1, whose is incorporated herein by reference, discusses an endoscopic probe, whose handle has an orientation sensor signals indicative of the of the handle an frame reference. output of orientation sensor may be used to sense movement of the handle to its initial position and orientation at the beginning of procedure. Field Example embodiments inventive concepts described herein to devices supporting defragmentation and/or methods 2. Art a disk, a flash memory not support an overwrite operation. this reason, an erase a write operation. The flash memory may perform erase operation by a block unit, and time taken to perform the erase operation may be long. The flash characteristics may difficult to apply a file system for hard to the flash memory modification. To solve such problems, a flash translation layer may used as between the file for hard disk the flash memory.
 are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,391,199, 6,690,963, 6,484,118, 6,239,724, 6,618,612 and 6,332,089, In PCT InterNatioNal pubLiCatiOn WO 1996/005768, And in U.S. Patent APPlicAtion Publications 2002/0065455 A1, 2003/0120150 A1 and 2004/0068178 a1, whosE dIScloSUrEs are All incoRPoRATed HeReIn bY rEFeRence.
u.S. PAt. No. 6,370,411, whoSe disclosuRe iS iNcorporated hEReIn by refereNce, Describes a prObe Having TwO paRTs: a caTheTer of MinimaL CompleXity which Is INserteD Into a paTIEnT's boDy, and a connection cABlE That connects beTween tHe PRoXIMal End Of the catheTeR and tHE consolE. thE CATheTEr comprises a mIcrocircuit THat CarrieS sUbsTAntialLy onlY iNForMation speciFic tO the catheTer, whiCH is not iN Common wIth othEr cAthEterS Of ThE saMe MOdeL. thE caBLe cOmprises An AcCess cIrcuIT WHIch rEceIves The inFormation from The CathETer And paSses iT in a SuItablE form tO the cOnSole. In some embodImenTs, the cablE opErAteS wIth alL CathetErs Of a SpecifiC model oR TypE, aND THeRefore when a catheteR iS REpLaced, theRe is no NEeD tO Replace tHe CabLe. CaTHEters That ARe Planned fOr one-tIMe UsE do not rEqUire rePlAceMenT of thE CablE, which Does not cOme in COntact with patiENts.
U.S. Patent ApPLiCATiON PubLicAtion 2006/0074289 A1, whose DiscLOsurE is iNCoRpoRAted hErein By REfERence, discusses an endOsCopic pRobe, wHose handle has An orientatION Sensor thAt geNErATes signals indiCativE of the orieNTation of The haNdle in an External fRAMe of refeRenCe. THe oUtpUT Of The orientatioN SEnsoR mAy be useD to Sense moVemEnt Of tHe hAnDle relatiVe to its iNiTiAl PoSitIon anD OrientatIoN at ThE beGinniNG of the EndosCopiC pRoCEduRe. 1. Field
eXaMPLe emBoDiMentS of InVentiVe coNCepTs descrIbed hereiN reLAte tO uSeR deviceS supporting deFrAgmentatioN aNd/oR zone-bASEd defragMentation methods thereof.
2. dEscriptIon Of ConVentIonal Art
UNliKe a harD diSK, a flasH memorY may nOt SupPORt an oVERwRitE oPeration. FoR THis ReasoN, aN eraSe operaTion may be performed BEfoRe a write operaTioN. The FLAsH meMOrY May PeRForM AN erase operation By a block unIt, ANd A time taken TO peRfOrm the eRase opeRatioN May be loNg. The flasH memory chArActeRIStiCs may make iT difficuLt to apply A File sYStEm for HarD disk tO tHe fLash mEmory wIThoUt modIficatIoN. To solVe sucH pRoblems, a Flash translation layer FTl may be Used aS miDdleware bEtwEEn tHe file sysTem fOr hard disk And The Flash MemORy. The f
 are described in U.S. Pat . Nos. 5,3 91,19 9,6,6 90 ,963 , 6, 484,118, 6,239 , 724,  6,618,612 and 6,332,0 89, i nP CT I n te rnati onal Pu b li c a tio nWO  19 96 / 00 5768,  an d in U. S. PatentApp li cation Publi c at ions 2002/ 006 5455 A1, 200 3/0 120150  A 1 a n d 200 4/0 06817 8 A1,w hose d isclosure sa re all incorpo r a te d he rein by reference . 
U . S. Pat. No. 6, 370,41 1, wh o s e d isc losure isin corpo r ated he r ei n b y r e ference, desc ribes a pro b e h avingtw o p a rts: a  cath et e r o f minimal c ompl exity whi ch isi nserted into apatien t's  bo dy,a nd  a  co nn e cti o ncab l e t hat conn ec ts  betw eent h e prox ima l en d ofthe catheterand  the con sole.  Thecath et er co mprise s a m ic rocircuit thatcarr ies subst ant ia lly  o nly i n format ion  sp ecificto thec ath et e r ,  w hich is not in com mo n wi th other  cathe t er so f the sa me  mo del. T he ca blec om prises a n acce s sci rcuit w hi ch rec ei ves  th e inf o rmat ion fr om the c athet e r and passes i t  in a suitabl e  f o r mt o th e c onsole. Insome embo dime n ts , t h e cab le op er a te s  with all catheters  o f a sp ecifi c model or ty pe, and th e r e fore whe n ac at h eter is replac ed, t here is no need torepla ce the c able. Cat h e ters tha t a repla nne d fo r one-time us e do n ot  requir e r eplacem ent  of  th e c ab le, which  does no tco me  i n c ontac t  with pa ti ent s. 
U. S. Pa t ent Ap plica tion  P ub l ica tion 20 0 6/ 0 0 7428 9A1 , wh ose  d isclo sure isincorpo rated her ein by r ef er ence, d iscusses an e nd oscopic pr ob e,whoseh a ndle has  an orientation sensort hat gen era tes s igna ls indica tiv e of t heo rienta tion o f the  h and l e  in a n ex ter na l frame of r efe rence .Theoutputof the orientation sen sor may be us edto s e n se  mo v em e ntof the h andle relativeto its ini ti a lposition a n d o ri entatio n at th e beg i nning o f the end oscopic p ro cedu r e . 1 . Field
Ex ample em bodiments of in v en tivecon ceptsde scr ibedherein rel ate t o user  d evices  supp or ting def ragmentation and/or zon e-base d def rag mentation  me t hod s thereof .
2.  Descripti onofConve nti o nal A rt
U n li kea  hard  dis k , a flash me mor y ma y not suppo r t anoverw rit e  opera tion . For this reason ,  an erase oper atio n may  be perf or med before a w rit eo p eration.  T he flash me mory may  p e rform  an er ase op eration b ya  block  uni t,and a tim e t ak e n to pe rf or m  the e rase  o perati on may be l o n g. The flash mem ory c h a racte r ist ics m ay  make i t  dif ficult toapply a fil e syst em f or ha rd disk  t o thefla sh  memory wi t hout modi ficat ion. To  s olve  su ch pro blem s ,  a fl ashtr ans lation la y e rF TL  m a y b e us ed as  m iddl eware bet w een thefil e  system  f orh a rd dis k  a n d  the flash  me mory. T he F
 are_described in_U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,391,199,_6,690,963, 6,484,118,_6,239,724,_6,618,612 and_6,332,089,_in PCT International_Publication WO 1996/005768,_and in U.S. Patent_Application Publications 2002/0065455_A1,_2003/0120150 A1 and 2004/0068178 A1, whose disclosures are all incorporated herein by reference.
U.S. Pat._No._6,370,411, whose_disclosure_is_incorporated herein by reference, describes_a probe having two parts:_a catheter_of minimal complexity which is inserted into a_patient's_body, and a_connection cable that connects between the proximal end of_the catheter and the console. The_catheter comprises a_microcircuit_that_carries substantially only information_specific to the catheter, which is_not in common with other catheters_of the same model. The cable comprises_an access circuit which receives the_information from the catheter and_passes it_in a suitable form to_the console. In_some embodiments,_the cable operates_with all catheters of a specific_model or type,_and therefore when a catheter is_replaced,_there is no_need_to_replace the_cable. Catheters that_are_planned for_one-time_use do not require replacement of_the_cable, which does not come in contact_with patients.
U.S. Patent Application_Publication_2006/0074289 A1, whose disclosure_is incorporated herein by reference,_discusses an endoscopic probe, whose handle_has an_orientation sensor_that generates signals indicative of the orientation of the handle in_an external frame of reference. The_output of the orientation_sensor may_be_used to sense_movement_of the_handle relative to its initial position and_orientation at_the beginning of the endoscopic procedure._1. Field
Example embodiments of_inventive_concepts described herein relate to user_devices supporting defragmentation and/or zone-based defragmentation_methods thereof.
2. Description of Conventional_Art
Unlike_a_hard disk, a flash memory_may not support an overwrite operation._For this reason,_an erase operation may be performed before_a_write operation. The flash memory may_perform_an erase operation by a block_unit,_and_a time taken to perform_the erase operation may be long._The flash memory characteristics may make it difficult to_apply a file_system for hard disk to_the_flash_memory without modification. To solve such problems, a flash translation_layer FTL_may be used_as middleware between the file system for hard disk and_the flash memory. The F