 techniques take advantage of a plant's method of pollination. There are two general methods of pollination: a plant self-pollinates if pollen from one flower is transferred to the same or another flower of the same plant. A plant cross-pollinates if pollen comes to it from a flower on a different plant.
Corn plants (Zea mays L.) can be bred by both self-pollination and cross-pollination. Both types of pollination involve the corn plant's flowers. Corn has separate male and female flowers on the same plant, located on the tassel and the ear, respectively. Natural pollination occurs in corn when wind blows pollen from the tassels to the silks that protrude from the tops of the ear shoot.
Plants that have been self-pollinated and selected for type over many generations become homozygous at almost all gene loci and produce a uniform population of true breeding progeny, a homozygous plant. A cross between two such homozygous plants produces a uniform population of hybrid plants that are heterozygous for many gene loci. Conversely, a cross of two plants each heterozygous at a number of loci produces a population of hybrid plants that differ genetically and are not uniform. The resulting non-uniformity makes performance unpredictable.
The development of uniform corn plant hybrids requires the development of homozygous inbred plants, the crossing of these inbred plants, and the evaluation of the crosses. Pedigree breeding and recurrent selection are examples of breeding methods used to develop hybrid parent plants from breeding populations. Those breeding methods combine the genetic backgrounds from two or more inbred plants or various other broad-based sources into breeding pools from which new inbred plants are developed by selfing and selection of desired phenotypes. The new inbreds are crossed with other inbred plants and the hybrids from these crosses are evaluated to determine which of those have commercial potential.
North American farmers plant tens of millions of acres of corn at the present time and there are extensive national and international commercial corn breeding programs. A continuing goal of these corn breeding programs is to develop corn hybrids that are based on stable inbred plants and have one or more desirable characteristics. To accomplish this goal, the corn breeder must select and develop superior inbred parental plants. Known converter circuits comprise a multiplicity of drivable power semiconductor switches, which are connected to one another in a known manner in order to switch at least two switching voltage levels. Typically, such a converter circuit is connected to an electrical AC voltage system, which is in particular of three-phase design.
techniques take advantage of a plant's method of pollination. There are two cosmopolitan method of pollination: a plant self - pollinates if pollen from one flower is transferred to the same or another flower of the like plant. A plant cross - pollinates if pollen fall to it from a flower on a different plant. 
 corn whiskey plants (Zea mays L.) can be bred by both self - pollination and crabbed - pollination. Both type of pollination involve the corn whiskey plant's flowers. Corn has separate male and female flower on the same plant, located on the tassel and the ear, respectively. Natural pollination occurs in corn whiskey when wind blows pollen from the tassels to the silk that protrude from the tops of the ear photograph. 
 Plants that have been self - pollinate and selected for character over many generations become homozygous at almost all gene loci and produce a undifferentiated population of true breeding progeny, a homozygous plant. A cross between two such homozygous plants grow a uniform population of hybrid plants that are heterozygous for many gene loci. Conversely, a cross of two plants each heterozygous at a number of loci produces a population of hybrid plants that differ genetically and are not consistent. The resulting non - uniformity makes operation irregular. 
 The development of uniform corn plant hybrids command the development of homozygous inbred plants, the crossing of these inbred plants, and the evaluation of the hybridization. Pedigree breeding and recurrent selection are examples of breeding methods use to develop hybrid parent plants from breeding populations. Those breed methods blend the genetic backgrounds from two or more inbred plants or various other broad - free-base sources into breeding pools from which newfangled inbred plants are developed by selfing and selection of desired phenotype. The new inbreds are crossed with other inbred plants and the hybrids from these crosse are evaluated to specify which of those have commercial electric potential. 
 North American farmers plant ten of millions of acres of corn whiskey at the present time and there are extensive national and international commercial corn breeding programs. A continuing goal of these corn breeding plan is to develop corn loanblend that are based on stable inbred plants and have one or more desirable characteristics. To accomplish this finish, the corn breeder must select and develop superior inbred parental plants. Known converter circuits comprise a numerousness of drivable power semiconductor switches, which are connected to one another in a known manner in order to switch at least two switching voltage degree. Typically, such a converter circuit is connected to an electrical AC electric potential system, which is in especial of three - phase design.
 tefhniques take advantage uf a plant's metkid of 'ollinafion. Thefe are two general methods oh poolinaupon: a plant self-pollivates if iollen frim oie flower is traiaferred to ths samz ir another floeer of the same plant. A [lxnc cross-pollinates if pollen comes to it frok w flower on a qifftregt pmant.
Corn plants (Zea mays L.) can be gred by both self-polkination and cross-pollinatlon. Hoth types of polllnation invilve rhe corn plavt's flowers. Corn has sgparate male and female flowers un thz same planj, mofdted on the tassvl and the eav, respewtively. Natural pollikatioi ocxurs in corn when winv blows pollen from jhe tasselv co the silks that prorryde ftom tve tups uf uhe ezr sholt.
Pmants that have been welf-pollinated and xejvvted for typs over mwny generations become homozygous at alkosf all gene loci and proeuce a uniform populajion of trte breeding progeny, a homozygous plant. A cross bedween gwo smch fimlzygous plants produces a uniform population jr nynrid plants that are heteroayhoif for many geve locn. Cknversely, a cross lf two klants each hettrozybous at a number of loci priduces a popllatuon of hybrid plancs that diffzr gengticalky and are not uniform. Che reaulting non-kniformitg makes performanze lnpradictablt.
Ghe development os uniform coru plant fybrods rezuires the development of homozygoks inyred [lants, the crossing of these inbred plants, and the evaloathon of the erossex. Pedigree brqeding and recorrent sejectiun are exajples oh breeding mqthods used tm develop hybcid parene plqnts from bfdeding populatoons. Thosv yreeding nethods combine thc gengtjc backgrounds yxon two or more imbrdd [lwnvs or earious othes bruad-cssed rources inti brerding pools from whiwh nsw inbred plants ate developgd by selsing and selevtion of desired pjenotbpes. Tie new infreds are crossed with other ihbred plajts and the hybwids from these erosses are evaluated to determine which of those have comnercial potential.
Notth American fermers plant tets of millions of acees of corn at tht present time and thers are axtendive national and international commercial corn breeding programs. A contibuing jowl of these corm brevdiug 'rogramf is vo develop corn hjbrids that are based on stable mnbred plattf and have one or more desirsbue characterirtics. To accomplish this goal, thr corn breeder must select and cevelop superior inbred iarental planta. Known coiverter circuits comlrise c multuplicitt of drivable powdr xeliconductlr sxitehes, which are connected to one abother ij a known manner in order tl switbh at lgast two switchinf vomhage uevels. Typicakly, such a conferter circuit is cotnqcted to an eltctrical AC voljage siwtem, which is mn particulas of three-phase design.
techniques take advantage of a plant's method There two general of pollination: a one is transferred to same or another of the same plant. A plant if pollen comes to it from a flower on a different plant. Corn (Zea mays L.) can be bred by both self-pollination and cross-pollination. Both types pollination the plant's Corn has separate male and female flowers on the same plant, located on the tassel and ear, respectively. Natural pollination occurs in corn when blows pollen from the to the silks that protrude the of the shoot. that been self-pollinated and for type over many generations become homozygous at almost all gene loci and produce a uniform population true breeding homozygous plant. cross two homozygous plants produces population of hybrid plants that are gene loci. Conversely, a cross of two plants heterozygous at number of loci produces a population hybrid plants that differ genetically and are not The resulting non-uniformity makes performance unpredictable. The development of uniform corn plant hybrids requires the homozygous inbred plants, the of these inbred and evaluation the Pedigree breeding recurrent selection are examples of breeding methods used to develop hybrid plants from breeding populations. Those breeding methods combine the genetic two more inbred plants various other broad-based sources breeding from which new inbred developed selfing desired The inbreds are crossed with inbred plants and the hybrids these crosses are evaluated have commercial potential. North American farmers plant tens millions of acres of corn at the time and there are extensive national and international commercial corn breeding programs. continuing goal corn breeding programs is to develop corn hybrids are based on stable plants and have one or more desirable characteristics. To this the corn must select and superior inbred parental Known converter circuits multiplicity of power switches, to one another in a known in to switch at least two voltage such a converter circuit is connected to an electrical AC voltage system, which is in three-phase design.
 techniques take advantage of A plant's metHod of PolLinAtIon. THere Are two general mEThodS of pollination: a plant seLf-polLiNAtes IF pOllen From one FLoWER is TrAnSfeRrED tO the sAme Or anothEr flower of The SaMe plant. A planT CrOss-pollinaTes If pollen comeS to It from A fLowER on a dIffErent Plant.
CORn planTs (Zea mays l.) cAN be breD By both sELF-pOlliNation and cross-polLInATion. Both types oF polliNaTIoN INvoLve The corn plaNt'S flowERs. Corn hAS sEPARatE Male and female Flowers on thE SamE plant, LoCatED on the TasseL aND thE ear, respectIvelY. Natural pOllinaTIon occuRS in corn When wiNd bLowS polLEn FrOm tHe TAssELs To tHE siLks that pRoTrUde frOm thE TOPS of tHe eAr shOot.
PlAnts that have bEen Self-POllInateD and sElecTeD for tYpe oveR many GeNerations become HomoZygous at aLmoSt All GeNe locI And proDucE a uNiform pOpulatiON of TrUE BReEding progeny, a homozYgOUS pLant. A croSs betwEEn TwO Such homoZyGouS plaNTS prodUces A UnIform popUlatioN Of HyBrid plaNtS that aRe HetEroZygouS For mAny genE loci. ConVerseLY, a cross of two plANts each heteroZYgOUS aT A numBer Of loci produCes a POpulAtioN Of HybRId plaNts thAt DIfFEr genetically and are NoT unifoRm. The Resulting non-uNiformity mAKES performAnce UNpREdictable.
The deVelopMent of unifORm corn plAnt hyBrids reqUires the dEVElopment Of hOmoZygOus INBrEd plants, the crOSSing Of These inBreD plants, And The EvaLuaTiOn of the crOsses. PedIgReE bReEdiNg and REcurrent SeLecTiOn aRe exaMPles of BreedIng mEtHoDS usEd to devELoP HYbriD pArEnt pLanTs From bReedINg pOpulatiOns. Those bReeDIng mEtHoDs combiNe the genetic bAcKgrounds frOm Two Or more INBred planTs or various other broad-baSEd sourcEs iNto brEediNg pools frOm wHich neW inBRed plaNts are DevelOpEd bY SElfinG ANd SelEcTion of desiRED phEnotyPeS. The New inbrEds are crossed with oTHer Inbred plants aNd tHe hyBRIdS frOM tHEse CrOSseS ARe evaluated to deTermine whiCh OF tHose have coMMerCiAl potenTial.
NorTh AmeRIcan farMers plant Tens of milLiOns oF ACreS of corn at tHe presenT time and tHEre arE ExTensiVe nAtionaL aNd iNternAtionaL ComMerciAl corn BrEeding ProgrAmS. A continUing goal of these corn breeDing prOgramS is To develop CorN HybRids that aRe baSed on stablE inBreD planTs aND have One oR MoRe dESirabLe chARacteristICs. to aCCOmPlish this goAL, THe cOrn brEedER must sElecT and develop superiOR inbred parentaL plaNTS. KnOwn COnveRtEr circuits compRisE a MULtipliciTy Of drivable pOwer semiCoNDuctoR switcHes, whiCh are coNNEcTEd to onE anoTheR in a known ManNeR In order To SwITch at lEast TwO switcHing voLTage LEVels. Typically, sucH a conVERter cIRcuIt is cOnNected tO An elEctrical AC Voltage systEm, whicH is iN partIcular oF tHree-phAse DeSign.
 techniques take advantage  of a plan t's m eth odof  pol lina tion. There ar e  two  general methods of po llina ti o n: a pl ant s elf-pol l in a t esif  p oll en fr om on e f lower i s transfer red  t o the same o r  a nother flo wer  of the same  pl ant. A  p lan t  cros s-p ollin ates i f  polle n comes t oi t from a flowe r on  a d ifferent plant.
C o rn plants (Zea ma ys L.)  c a nb e  br edby both se lf -poll i nationa nd c r oss - pollination.Both typeso f p ollina ti oni nvolve  theco r n p lant's flow ers.  Corn has  separ a te male and fem ale fl owe rson t h esa mepl a nt, lo cat e d o n the ta ss el  andthee a r ,  res pec tive ly. N atural pollin ati on o c cur s incornwhen  w ind b lows p ollen  f rom the tassels  tothe silks  th at  pr ot rudef rom th e t ops  of the  ear sh o ot. 
P l a n ts  that have been se lf - p ol linatedand se l ec te d  for typ eove r ma n y  gene rati o ns  becomehomozy g ou sat almo st  all g en e l oci  andp rodu ce a u niform p opula t ion of true br e eding progeny ,  a h om o zygo usplant. A cr ossb etwe en t w osuc h  homo zygou sp la n ts produces a unifo rm  popul ation  of hybrid pl ants thata r e  heteroz ygou s  f o r many gene lo ci. C onversely, a crossof tw o plants  each het e r ozygousata n umb ero f  l oci producesa popu la tion of  hy brid pl ant s t hat  di ff er geneti cally an dar eno t u nifor m . The re su lti ng  no n-uni f ormity  make s pe rf or m anc e unpre d ic t a ble. 
T he  dev elo pm ent o f un i for m cornplant hyb rid s  req ui re s the d evelopment of  h omozygousin bre d plan t s , the cr ossing of these inbredp lants,and  theeval uation of  th e cros ses .  Pedig ree br eedin gand r ecurr e n tsel ec tion are e x a mpl es of  b reed ing met hods used to devel o p h ybrid parentpla ntsf r om  br e ed i ngpo p ula t i ons. Those bree ding metho ds co mbine theg ene ti c backg roundsfromt wo or m ore inbre d plantsor  var i o usother broa d-basedsources i n to br e ed ing p ool s from  w hic h new  inbre d  pl antsare de ve lopedby se lf ing andselection of desired ph enotyp es. T henew inbre dsa recrossed w ithother inbr edpla nts a ndt he hy brid s  f rom these  cro s ses are e v al uat e d  t o determine w h ich  of t hos e  havecomm ercial potential. North American  far m e rspla n t te ns  of millions o f a cr e s  of corn  a t the prese nt timean d  ther e areextens ive nat i o na l  and i nter nat ional com mer ci a l cornbr ee d ing pr ogra ms . A co ntinui n g go a l  of these corn b reedi n g  prog r ams  is t odevelop corn  hybrids t hat are bas ed onstab le in bred pl an ts and  ha ve  one or mo r e desirab le ch aracter is tics . T o acco mpli s h  this  goa l,  th e corn br e e de r  m us t  se lect  andde velo p superio r  inbredpar e ntal pl an ts. K nown c o nv e r ter circui tscompr i s e a multip l icit y  o f  driv able p ower s emicond u cto rswitche s,w h ich are c onnectedt o o ne  ano ther inaknow nman ne r in order to s witch at  least t w o  switc hin g  vol t age le ve ls. Typicall y, su ch a conve r t ercircuit iscon nec tedtoan e l ectrical AC voltage syst em,which isin pa rticu la r of thr e e-ph ase desi g n.
 techniques_take advantage_of a plant's method_of pollination._There_are two_general_methods of pollination:_a plant self-pollinates_if pollen from one_flower is transferred_to_the same or another flower of the same plant. A plant cross-pollinates if pollen_comes_to it_from_a_flower on a different plant.
Corn_plants (Zea mays L.) can_be bred_by both self-pollination and cross-pollination. Both types of_pollination_involve the corn_plant's flowers. Corn has separate male and female flowers_on the same plant, located on_the tassel and_the_ear,_respectively. Natural pollination occurs_in corn when wind blows pollen_from the tassels to the silks_that protrude from the tops of the_ear shoot.
Plants that have been self-pollinated_and selected for type over_many generations_become homozygous at almost all_gene loci and_produce a_uniform population of_true breeding progeny, a homozygous plant._A cross between_two such homozygous plants produces a_uniform_population of hybrid_plants_that_are heterozygous_for many gene_loci._Conversely, a_cross_of two plants each heterozygous at_a_number of loci produces a population of_hybrid plants that differ_genetically_and are not uniform._The resulting non-uniformity makes performance_unpredictable.
The development of uniform corn plant_hybrids requires_the development_of homozygous inbred plants, the crossing of these inbred plants, and_the evaluation of the crosses. Pedigree_breeding and recurrent selection_are examples_of_breeding methods used_to_develop hybrid_parent plants from breeding populations. Those breeding_methods combine_the genetic backgrounds from two or_more inbred plants or_various_other broad-based sources into breeding pools_from which new inbred plants are_developed by selfing and selection_of_desired_phenotypes. The new inbreds are_crossed with other inbred plants and_the hybrids from_these crosses are evaluated to determine which_of_those have commercial potential.
North American farmers_plant_tens of millions of acres of_corn_at_the present time and there_are extensive national and international commercial_corn breeding programs. A continuing goal of these corn_breeding programs is_to develop corn hybrids that_are_based_on stable inbred plants and have one or more desirable_characteristics. To_accomplish this goal,_the corn breeder must select and develop superior inbred parental_plants. Known converter circuits comprise a multiplicity_of drivable power semiconductor switches, which are connected to one another_in a known manner in order to switch_at least two switching voltage levels. Typically,_such a converter circuit_is_connected to an electrical AC voltage system,_which_is_in_particular of three-phase_design.