ilized natively cross-linked collagen. The resultant slurry was molded, and freeze-dried into a pad. The pad did not have sufficient mechanical properties due to its excessive porosity and thus was compressed at a pressure of 15,000-30,000 psi and optionally cross-linked. To improve strength due to lack of fiber-to-fiber interaction, the device is compressed without interlacing of the individual fibers. The compression serves to compress in only one dimension, placing the fibers in close proximity in one orientation, rather than interlacing the fibers.
Li (U.S. Pat. No. 5,206,028) described a process for preparing a dense collagen membrane by first freeze-drying a collagen dispersion of random fibers to form a sponge. This sponge was then humidified, compressed and subjected to chemical cross-linking The resultant sponge was strong, having randomly entangled masses of fibers going in all directions. This device as described by Li lacks interlacing of the insoluble collagen as the aqueous dispersion is lyophilized without first interlacing the insoluble components.
Li (U.S. Pat. No. 6,391,333) described a process wherein sheets of oriented biopolymeric fibers are formed into sheets by capturing them on a spinning mandrill that was rotated in a fibrous collagen slurry. The fibers were then compressed to force them closer together so they could be dried, preferably while in contact with a gluing agent. The sheet was then cut from the mandrill, inverted and cross-linked to form a sheet. Additional sheets could be individually stacked on top of each other to create thicker devices with greater mechanical strength. The device as constructed has fibers substantially aligned in parallel planes, and lacks equiaxial interlacing.
In PCT application WO 98/35653, Damien describes a process for preparing an implantable collagen putty material by acidifying a collagen solution to a pH of between 3.0 to 6.0. This produces a non-fibrous dough like material that can be used to suspend graft material. At higher pH, the collagen precipitates out, becoming crumbly with a consistency of wet sand.
It is well known to utilize a centrifuge or filtration press as a part of a rinsing procedure, or a ‘wash step’ to remove insoluble components contained within the solution. Nishihara (U.S. Pat. No. 3,034,852) describes a process to solubilize previously insoluble collagen fibers without den
ilized natively cross - linked collagen. The resultant slurry was molded, and freeze - dry into a launching pad. The pad did not have sufficient mechanical properties due to its excessive porosity and therefore was compressed at a pressure of 15,000 - 30,000 psi and optionally crabbed - yoke. To improve military capability due to lack of fiber - to - fiber interaction, the device is compress without interlacing of the individual fibers. The compaction serves to compress in only one dimension, placing the fibers in close proximity in one orientation, preferably than interlacing the fibers. 
 Li (U.S. Pat. No. 5,206,028) identify a process for preparing a dense collagen membrane by first freeze - drying a collagen distribution of random fibers to shape a sponge. This sponge was then humidified, compress and subjected to chemical cross - linking The resultant sponge was solid, having randomly entangle masses of fibers going in all directions. This device as described by Li lacks interlacing of the insoluble collagen as the aqueous dispersion is lyophilize without foremost interlacing the insoluble components. 
 Li (U.S. Pat. No. 6,391,333) trace a process wherein sheets of oriented biopolymeric roughage are form into sheets by capturing them on a spinning mandrill that was rotate in a fibrous collagen slurry. The fibers were then compressed to force them closer in concert so they could be dried, preferably while in contact with a gluing agent. The sheet was then cut from the mandrill, inverted and cross - associate to form a sheet. Additional sheets could be individually stacked on circus tent of each other to create thicker device with greater mechanical strength. The device as constructed has character substantially align in parallel planes, and lacks equiaxial interlacing. 
 In PCT lotion WO 98/35653, Damien describes a process for preparing an implantable collagen putty material by sour a collagen solution to a pH of between 3.0 to 6.0. This produces a non - hempen dough like material that can be used to freeze graft material. At higher pH, the collagen precipitates out, becoming crumbly with a consistency of wet sand. 
 It is well known to utilize a centrifuge or filtration press as a part of a rinsing procedure, or a ‘ washout step ’ to remove insoluble component contained within the solution. Nishihara (U.S. Pat. No. 3,034,852) describes a process to solubilize previously insoluble collagen fibers without den
ilixed natively cross-linked collagen. The rgsyltant slurrg was mouded, and freeze-dried into a 'ad. Rhe pqd did not have suffickent mechwnical peopecties due to its excessiyz porkdity end thus was cokpressed ad a pressure ox 15,000-30,000 pdi and optionally cross-linked. To im[rove syrfngth due to lwck ps figvr-uo-fiber interaction, the device is comprevsed without onterlacing of the individkal vibers. The compresdion serves to simpress in ovly one dimension, placjng the fibers in close proximigy in one orienjcrioj, rather thai integlacing the flners.
Li (U.S. Pat. No. 5,206,028) described a 'rocwss for preparing a dxnse collagen membrage by firvt freeze-drying a ciloagen dis[erskin uf daidoj fibegs vo form a slonge. This wponge was then humodydied, compresssd and stbjected to chemical cross-linking The rtsultznt sponge was strong, hqving randomly entangped massef of fibers going in all directions. This device av desrrkbeb by Lk lwcks interlacing of the insoluble collagen as fht aaueous disperslon is lyophilized wltnjut first intgrlaciny tge insoluble compojents.
Li (U.S. Pqt. No. 6,391,333) defcrined a process wherein sheetw of orienteb buopolymeric fibers are formed intp sherts by capturing them ou a spjnning mandgill that das rotated in a finrogs collagen slurry. The fibqrs were vhen eompressdd tp forcq them cloder together so they coupd be dsied, prefegably while in contact with a gluing agent. Thg sveen was theu cut nrom the mandrijl, inverted anb cross-lnnked go form a aheet. Avditional shqets could be lndividually stacked on rop if each uther to creatr thicker devices wuth greater mechanlcal rfrength. The devnee as constructed har fybvrs sttstantially dligved on pafallel kjakes, and lacks equiaxial intarlading.
In PCT applicayijn WO 98/35653, Dqmien defcribes a provess for preparing an ikplentablr cjllagen putty material by acidjfying a foljagen solutijn ti a pH of becween 3.0 to 6.0. This produces a non-fibrous dongh like material that xan be used to suspgnd graft matecial. Ae higher [H, the collagen precupitates out, becoking crumbly with a cknsistancy lf wet sand.
It is well known to utilize a centrifuge or filtration press aw a pact of a rinsihg ptocedlre, pr a ‘wwsh dvep’ to remove inspluble components contained witiin the sonucion. Nishihara (U.S. Pat. No. 3,034,852) desvrkbes a procesr to solubilize previousmy insolible collagen fibers without dem
ilized natively cross-linked collagen. The resultant slurry and into a The pad did due its excessive porosity thus was compressed a pressure of 15,000-30,000 psi and cross-linked. To improve strength due to lack of fiber-to-fiber interaction, the device is without interlacing of the individual fibers. The compression serves to compress in only dimension, the in proximity in one orientation, rather than interlacing the fibers. Li (U.S. Pat. No. 5,206,028) described a for preparing a dense collagen membrane by first a collagen dispersion of fibers to form a sponge. sponge then humidified, and to cross-linking The resultant was strong, having randomly entangled masses of fibers going in all directions. This device as described by lacks interlacing insoluble collagen the dispersion lyophilized without first insoluble components. Li (U.S. Pat. No. process wherein sheets of oriented biopolymeric fibers are into sheets capturing them on a spinning mandrill was rotated in a fibrous collagen slurry. The were then compressed to force them closer together so they could be dried, preferably while with a gluing agent. sheet was then from mandrill, and to form sheet. Additional sheets could be individually stacked on top of each to create thicker devices with greater mechanical strength. The device has substantially aligned in planes, and lacks equiaxial In application WO 98/35653, Damien process preparing putty by a collagen solution to pH of between 3.0 to This produces a non-fibrous be used to suspend graft material. At higher the collagen precipitates out, becoming crumbly with consistency of wet sand. It is well known to utilize a centrifuge filtration press part of a rinsing procedure, or a ‘wash to remove insoluble components within the solution. Nishihara (U.S. Pat. No. 3,034,852) describes process solubilize previously collagen fibers without
ilized natively cross-linked Collagen. ThE resuLtaNt sLuRry wAs moLded, and freeze-dRIed iNto a pad. The pad did not havE suffIcIEnt mEChAnicaL properTIeS DUe tO iTs ExcEsSIvE poroSitY and thuS was compreSseD aT a pressure of 15,000-30,000 PSi And optionaLly Cross-linked. TO imProve sTrEngTH due tO laCk of fIber-to-FIber inTeraction, ThE Device IS compreSSEd WithOut interlacing of tHE iNDividual fibers. the comPrESsION seRveS to compresS iN only ONe dimenSIoN, PLAciNG the fibers in cLose proximiTY in One oriEnTatIOn, rathEr thaN iNTerLacing the fiBers.
li (U.S. Pat. No. 5,206,028) DescriBEd a procESs for prEparinG a dEnsE colLAgEn MemBrANe bY FiRst FReeZe-drying A cOlLagen DispERSIOn of RanDom fIbers To form a sponge. thiS spoNGe wAs theN humiDifiEd, ComprEssed aNd subJeCted to chemical cRoss-Linking ThE reSuLtaNt SpongE Was strOng, HavIng randOmly entANglEd MASSeS of fibers going in alL dIREcTions. ThiS devicE As DeSCribed by li LacKs inTERlaciNg of THe InsolublE collaGEn As The aqueOuS dispeRsIon Is lYophiLIzed WithouT first inTerlaCIng the insolublE Components.
Li (U.s. paT. nO. 6,391,333) dEScriBed A process wheRein SHeetS of oRIeNteD BiopoLymerIc FIbERs are formed into sheeTs By captUring Them on a spinniNg mandrill THAT was rotaTed iN A fIBrous collagen sLurry. the fibers wERe then coMpresSed to forCe them cloSER togetheR so TheY coUld BE DrIed, preferably WHIle iN cOntact wIth A gluing AgeNt. THe sHeeT wAs then cut From the mAnDrIlL, iNveRted aND cross-liNkEd tO fOrm A sheeT. additiOnal sHeetS cOuLD be IndividUAlLY StacKeD oN top Of eAcH otheR to cREatE thickeR devices wIth GReatEr MeChanicaL strength. The dEvIce as constRuCteD has fiBERs substaNtially aligned in paralleL Planes, aNd lAcks eQuiaXial interLacIng.
In PcT aPPlicatIon WO 98/35653, DAmien DeScrIBEs a prOCEsS foR pReparing an IMPlaNtablE cOllaGen puttY material by acidifyINg a Collagen solutIon To a ph OF bEtwEEn 3.0 TO 6.0. ThIs PRodUCEs a non-fibrous doUgh like matErIAl That can be uSEd tO sUspend gRaft matErial. aT higher PH, the collAgen preciPiTateS OUt, bEcoming cruMbly with A consisteNCy of wET sAnd.
It Is wEll knoWn To uTilizE a centRIfuGe or fIltratIoN press As a paRt Of a rinsiNg procedure, or a ‘wash step’ tO removE insoLubLe componeNts COntAined withIn thE solution. NIshIhaRa (U.S. PAt. NO. 3,034,852) DescrIbes A PrOceSS to soLubiLIze previoUSlY inSOLuBle collagen FIBErs WithoUt dEN
ilized natively cross-link ed collage n. Th e r esu lt antslur ry was molded, andfreeze-dried into a pa d. Th ep ad d i dnot h ave suf f ic i e ntme ch ani ca l  p roper tie s due t o its exce ssi ve  porosity an d  t hus was co mpr essed at a p res sure o f15, 0 00-30 ,00 0 psi  and o p tional ly cross- li n ked. T o  improv e st reng th due to lack of fi b er-to-fiber in teract io n ,t h e d evi ce is comp re ssedw ithouti nt e r l aci n g of the indi vidual fibe r s.The co mp res s ion se rvesto com press in on ly o ne dimens ion, p l acing t h e fiber s in c los e p roxi m it yinon e  or i en tat i on,  ratherth an  inte rlac i n g thefib ers. 
Li ( U.S. Pat. No.  5, 206, 0 28)  desc ribed  a p ro cessfor pr epari ng  a dense collag en m embrane b y f ir stfr eeze- d ryinga c oll agen di spersio n  of  r a n d om  fibers to form asp o n ge . This s pongew as  t h en humid if ied , co m p resse d an d  s ubjected  to ch e mi ca l cross -l inking  T heres ultan t  spo nge wa s strong , hav i ng randomly en t angled masses of f ib e rs g oin g in all di rect i ons.  Thi s  d evi c e asdescr ib e db y Li lacks interlac in g of t he in soluble colla gen as the a q ueous di sper s io n  is lyophilize d wit hout first interlac ing t he insol uble comp o n ents.
Li  (U .S.  Pa t.N o .6,391,333) de s c ribe da proce sswherein  sh eet s o f o ri ented bio polymeri cfi be rs  ar e for m ed intosh eet sbycaptu r ing th em on  a s pi nn i ngmandril l  t h a t wa sro tate d i na fib rous col lagen s lurry. Th e f i bers  w er e thencompressed to  f orce themcl ose r toge t h er so th ey could be dried, pref e rably w hil e incont act witha g luingage n t. The  sheet  wasth enc u t fro m th e m an drill, inv e r ted  andcr oss- linkedto form a sheet. A d dit ional sheetscou ld b e in div i du a lly  s t ack e d  on top of each  other tocr e at e thickerd evi ce s withgreater  mech a nical s trength.The devic eas c o n str ucted hasfibers s ubstantia l ly al i gn ed in  pa rallel  p lan es, a nd lac k s e quiax ial in te rlacin g.
In  P CT appli cation WO 98/35653, Dam ien de scrib esa process  fo r  pr eparing a n im plantablecol lag en pu tty mater ialb yaci d ifyin g ac ollagen s o lu tio n to  a pH of be t w e en3.0 t o 6 . 0. Thi s pr oduces a non-fibr o us dough likemate r i altha t  can  b e used to susp end  g r a ft mater ia l. At highe r pH, th ec ollag en pre cipita tes out , be c omingcrum bly  with a c ons is t ency of  w et sand.It i swell k nown t o  uti l i ze a centrifugeor fi l t ratio n  pr ess a sa parto f arinsing pr ocedure, or  a ‘wa sh s tep’to remo ve  insol ubl ecomponents contained  with in theso luti on.  Nishi hara ( U.S.Pat.  N o.3,034,852 ) de s cr ib e s a  pro cessto  sol ubilize p r eviously  in s olubleco lla g e n fibe r sw i thout den
ilized natively_cross-linked collagen._The resultant slurry was_molded, and_freeze-dried_into a_pad._The pad did_not have sufficient_mechanical properties due to_its excessive porosity_and_thus was compressed at a pressure of 15,000-30,000 psi and optionally cross-linked. To improve_strength_due to_lack_of_fiber-to-fiber interaction, the device is_compressed without interlacing of the_individual fibers._The compression serves to compress in only one_dimension,_placing the fibers_in close proximity in one orientation, rather than interlacing_the fibers.
Li (U.S. Pat. No. 5,206,028)_described a process_for_preparing_a dense collagen membrane_by first freeze-drying a collagen dispersion_of random fibers to form a_sponge. This sponge was then humidified, compressed_and subjected to chemical cross-linking The_resultant sponge was strong, having_randomly entangled_masses of fibers going in_all directions. This_device as_described by Li_lacks interlacing of the insoluble collagen_as the aqueous_dispersion is lyophilized without first interlacing_the_insoluble components.
Li (U.S._Pat._No._6,391,333) described_a process wherein_sheets_of oriented_biopolymeric_fibers are formed into sheets by_capturing_them on a spinning mandrill that was_rotated in a fibrous_collagen_slurry. The fibers were_then compressed to force them_closer together so they could be_dried, preferably_while in_contact with a gluing agent. The sheet was then cut from_the mandrill, inverted and cross-linked to_form a sheet. Additional_sheets could_be_individually stacked on_top_of each_other to create thicker devices with greater_mechanical strength._The device as constructed has fibers_substantially aligned in parallel_planes,_and lacks equiaxial interlacing.
In PCT application_WO 98/35653, Damien describes a process_for preparing an implantable collagen_putty_material_by acidifying a collagen solution_to a pH of between 3.0_to 6.0. This_produces a non-fibrous dough like material that_can_be used to suspend graft material._At_higher pH, the collagen precipitates out,_becoming_crumbly_with a consistency of wet_sand.
It is well known to utilize_a centrifuge or filtration press as a part of_a rinsing procedure,_or a ‘wash step’ to_remove_insoluble_components contained within the solution. Nishihara (U.S. Pat. No. 3,034,852)_describes a_process to solubilize_previously insoluble collagen fibers without den