 not take full advantage of encoding useful information into the signals, calculating the impact of changes in terrain, nor do they adequately compensate for varying environmental conditions and their effect upon a calculated position. Systems for monitoring pupil size and pupil responsiveness characteristics are well known in the art and are generally referred to as pupilometry systems or, simply, pupilometers. One early pupilometer is described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,533,683, which issued to Stark et al. on Oct. 13, 1970 and is entitled “Dynamic Pupilometers Using Television Camera System” (incorporated herein by reference). The Stark et al. system employed a television camera system, a digital computer system, an infrared light source, and a visual light stimulator for determining the instantaneous size of a pupil as an eye (or neurologic pupilary control system) of a patient was exposed to various stimuli. Like the early Stark et al. system, conventional pupilometers measure, for example, the diameter of a pupil before and after the pupil is exposed to a light stimulus pulse and also measure the rates at which the pupil may constrict and dilate in response to the initiation and termination of the light stimulus pulse. Pupilometers may comprise hand-held units or, alternatively, may comprise desk or table-mounted, stand-alone units. Pupilometers also generally include some mechanism for ensuring that an imager within the pupilometer is properly positioned in relation to a pupil to be imaged. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,646,709 (incorporated herein by reference), issued to Elbert P. Carter, describes an electronic centering system for ensuring that a pupilometer is properly positioned in relation to a pupil to be imaged. Similarly, U.S. Pat. No. 5,187,506 (incorporated herein by reference), issued to Elbert P. Carter, describes an eye orbit housing for ensuring proper positioning between a pupilometer and an eye of a subject prior to the initiation of a pupilary scanning procedure.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate, however, that for a pupilometer to have maximum utility maximum flexibility should be provided for positioning the imager. For example, in the case of a hand-held system few, if any, restrictions should be placed upon the orientation of the imager prior to enabling an imaging function. The reason for this is that medical personnel at, for example, an accident site may have difficulty in positioning an imager in a prescribed position for acquiring pupilary response data
not take full advantage of encoding useful data into the signal, calculating the impact of change in terrain, nor do they adequately right for varying environmental conditions and their impression upon a forecast position. organization for monitoring pupil size and schoolchild responsiveness characteristics are well known in the artwork and are generally referred to as pupilometry systems or, simply, pupilometers. One early pupilometer is described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,533,683, which issued to Stark et al. on Oct. 13, 1970 and is entitle “ Dynamic Pupilometers Using Television Camera System ” (incorporated herein by reference). The Stark et al. organization employed a television camera system, a digital calculator system, an infrared abstemious source, and a visual light stimulator for settle the instantaneous size of a pupil as an eye (or neurologic pupilary control system) of a patient was exposed to various stimuli. Like the early Stark et al. system, conventional pupilometers measure, for example, the diameter of a pupil before and after the pupil is exposed to a light stimulation pulsation and also measure the rates at which the student may constrict and dilate in response to the knowledgeability and termination of the light stimulus pulse. Pupilometers may constitute hand - held units or, alternatively, may comprise desk or table - mounted, resist - alone units. Pupilometers also generally include some mechanism for guarantee that an imager within the pupilometer is properly position in relation to a pupil to be imaged. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,646,709 (incorporate herein by reference), issued to Elbert P. Carter, describes an electronic center system for ensuring that a pupilometer is properly positioned in relative to a pupil to be imaged. Similarly, U.S. Pat. nobelium. 5,187,506 (incorporated herein by reference), issued to Elbert P. Carter, describes an center orbit housing for guarantee proper positioning between a pupilometer and an eye of a national prior to the trigger of a pupilary scanning procedure. 
 Those skilled in the art will appreciate, however, that for a pupilometer to have maximum utility maximum flexibility should be provided for position the imager. For example, in the case of a hired hand - held system few, if any, restrictions should be placed upon the orientation of the imager prior to enabling an imagination function. The reason for this is that medical personnel at, for example, an accident site may have difficulty in position an imager in a appointed position for acquiring pupilary response data
 noh take full advantage of encoding useful inforkation into thd signals, calculating the im'act of cyanges in terrain, nor ao they afequatelt conpensate foc varyinn envjvonmeutel conditions akd their efxect upon a cancjlcted position. Systems for monitoring pupil xixe and pupil rgsponxyvensss characteristics are well known in the art and are benerally referred to as pkpillmetry systems or, dimply, pupioomeewrs. One earlh pupilomeuex is descriged in U.S. Pat. No. 3,533,683, which issued go Stcrk et al. ob Ict. 13, 1970 and is envitled “Dynamic Puplkometess Usinb Television Csmeca Ststem” (incorporated hecein by reference). Thg Stark et am. system employed a teleeisimn cxnerx sgsvem, a digltam computer system, an unfrared light sourve, qnd a visual might ftymulator for determining the instantanemus size of a pupil as an wye (or neurologic pupllary conerol system) of a patient was exposed to various sdimulm. Uikt bme exelj Stark et al. system, conventional pupilometerf mtaslre, for example, tme diameter of a pipll fefore and afjer the pulil is exposed to w light stimylus pulst and also measure the rates at qhich the puiil nay constrict and bilate in rerponxe to the initiation and teroinafion of the light stjoulus pulse. Pupiuomvterv may comprise hand-held unyts or, alvernacively, mxy cpmprisq desk or hable-mounted, stand-alone knits. Pgpilometerd also generally include some mxrhanism for emsgritg that cn imaner within the [upilometer is properjy poritioned ih relatmon to a pupyl to be imagaf. For examplx, U.S. Pat. Go. 5,646,709 (uncoeporatea herein by refrrence), issued to Elvert P. Carter, descvibes zn electronic czuttrung system for enrurynh vhat w pupilometer is oroorrly oositioned ln felayion to a pupil to ba imzged. Similarly, U.S. Lab. No. 5,187,506 (incirporateq herein by rrference), issued to Elbect P. Certer, cessribes an eye orbit housing fod ensurinh pvoper positioging between a pbpilometer and an eye of a subject prior to the initiation of a pupilary scanuikg procedure.
Vhose fkilled it the art will apprexiate, however, thau for a pupilometer to gave mdximul utility maximum flexibility should be provided for positioning the imagwr. For example, in fhe vase mf c hand-hqld dbstem few, if any, gestrictions should be placed upun the osizntation of the imager prior yo enabling an kmaging function. The reaaon for yhis is that medical personnel st, for example, an accidekt site mqy habe difficuuty in positioning an imcger ib a prewcrined position fur sceuiring pkpilery response data
not take full advantage of encoding useful the calculating the of changes in compensate varying environmental conditions their effect upon calculated position. Systems for monitoring pupil and pupil responsiveness characteristics are well known in the art and are generally to as pupilometry systems or, simply, pupilometers. One early pupilometer is described in Pat. 3,533,683, issued Stark et al. on Oct. 13, 1970 and is entitled “Dynamic Pupilometers Using Television Camera System” herein by reference). The Stark et al. system a television camera system, digital computer system, an infrared source, a visual stimulator determining instantaneous size of pupil as an eye (or neurologic pupilary control system) of a patient was exposed to various stimuli. the early al. system, pupilometers for the diameter of before and after the pupil is light stimulus pulse and also measure the rates which the may constrict and dilate in response the initiation and termination of the light stimulus Pupilometers may comprise hand-held units or, alternatively, may comprise desk or table-mounted, stand-alone units. Pupilometers include some mechanism for that an imager the is positioned relation to pupil to be imaged. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,646,709 (incorporated by reference), issued to Elbert P. Carter, describes an electronic for that a pupilometer properly positioned in relation a to be imaged. Similarly, No. (incorporated issued Elbert Carter, describes an eye housing for ensuring proper positioning a pupilometer and an to the initiation of a pupilary scanning procedure. skilled in the art will appreciate, however, for a pupilometer to have maximum utility maximum flexibility should be provided positioning the example, in the case of a hand-held system if any, restrictions should placed upon the orientation of the imager prior to an function. The for this is medical personnel at, example, an accident have difficulty positioning imager position for acquiring pupilary response data
 not take full advantage of encOding usefuL infoRmaTioN iNto tHe siGnals, calculatiNG the Impact of changes in terraIn, nor Do THey aDEqUatelY compenSAtE FOr vArYiNg eNvIRoNmentAl cOnditioNs and their EffEcT upon a calculATeD position. SYstEms for monitoRinG pupil SiZe aND pupiL reSponsIvenesS CharacTeristics ArE Well knOWn in the ART aNd arE generally referreD To AS pupilometry syStems oR, sIMpLY, PupIloMeters. One eArLy pupILometer IS dESCRibED in U.S. Pat. No. 3,533,683, whiCh issued to STArk Et al. on ocT. 13, 1970 anD Is entiTled “DYnAMic pupilometerS UsiNg TelevisIon CamERa SysteM” (IncorpoRated hEreIn bY refEReNcE). ThE STArk ET aL. sySTem Employed A tElEvisiOn caMERA SystEm, a DigiTal coMputer system, aN inFrarED liGht soUrce, aNd a vIsUal liGht stiMulatOr For determining tHe inStantaneoUs sIzE of A pUpil aS An eye (oR neUroLogic puPilary cONtrOl SYSTeM) of a patient was expoSeD TO vArious stImuli. LIKe ThE Early StaRk Et aL. sysTEM, convEntiONaL pupilomEters mEAsUrE, for exaMpLe, the dIaMetEr oF a pupIL befOre and After the Pupil IS exposed to a ligHT stimulus pulsE AnD ALsO MeasUre The rates at wHich THe puPil mAY cOnsTRict aNd dilAtE In REsponse to the initiatIoN and teRminaTion of the lighT stimulus pULSE. PupilomEterS MaY Comprise hand-heLd uniTs or, alternATively, maY compRise desk Or table-moUNTed, stand-AloNe uNitS. PuPILoMeters also genERAlly InClude soMe mEchanisM foR enSurIng ThAt an imageR within tHe PuPiLoMetEr is pROperly poSiTioNeD in RelatIOn to a pUpil tO be iMaGeD. for Example, u.s. PAT. no. 5,646,709 (inCoRpOratEd hErEin by RefeREncE), issued To Elbert P. carTEr, deScRiBes an elEctronic centeRiNg system foR eNsuRing thAT A pupilomEter is properly positioneD In relatIon To a puPil tO be imaged. simIlarly, u.S. PAT. No. 5,187,506 (incOrporaTed heReIn bY REfereNCE), iSsuEd To Elbert P. CARTer, DescrIbEs an Eye orbiT housing for ensurinG ProPer positioninG beTweeN A PuPilOMeTEr aNd AN eyE OF a subject prior tO the initiaTiON oF a pupilary SCanNiNg proceDure.
ThoSe skiLLed in thE art will aPpreciate, HoWeveR, THat For a pupiloMeter to hAve maximuM UtiliTY mAximuM flExibilItY shOuld bE proviDEd fOr posItioniNg The imaGer. FoR eXample, in The case of a hand-held systeM few, if Any, reStrIctions shOulD Be pLaced upon The oRientation Of tHe iMager PriOR to enAbliNG aN imAGing fUnctIOn. The reasON fOr tHIS iS that medicaL PERsoNnel aT, foR ExamplE, an aCcident site may havE Difficulty in poSitiONIng An iMAger In A prescribed posItiOn FOR acquiriNg Pupilary resPonse datA
 not take full advantage o f encoding  usef ulinf or mati on i nto the signal s , ca lculating the impact o f cha ng e s in te rrain , nor d o  t h e y a de qu ate ly co mpens ate  for va rying envi ron me ntal conditi o ns  and their  ef fect upon acal culate dpos i tion.  Sy stems  for m o nitori ng pupilsi z e andp upil re s p on sive ness characterist i cs are well known  in th ea rt a ndare  generally  r eferr e d to as pu p i l ome t ry systems or , simply, p u pil ometer s.  On e  early  pupi lo m ete r is descri bedin U.S. P at. No .  3,533, 6 83, whi ch iss ued  to  Sta r ket  al .o n O c t.  13 ,  19 70 and i sen title d “D y n a m ic P upi lome tersUsing Televis ion  Cam e raSyste m” (i ncor po rated  herei n byre ference). The S tark  et al. s yst em  em pl oyeda  telev isi oncamerasystem, a d ig i t a lcomputer system, a ni n fr ared lig ht sou r ce ,a nd a vis ua l l ight s timul ator fo r determ iningt he  i nstanta ne ous si ze  of  apupil as a n eye(or neur ologi c  pupilary cont r ol system) of ap a ti e nt w asexposed tovari o us s timu l i.  Li k e the  earl yS ta r k et al. system, co nv ention al pu pilometers me asure, for e x ample, t he d i am e ter of a pupil  befo re and aft e r the pu pil i s expose d to a li g h t stimul uspul seand a ls o measure the r ates  a t which  th e pupil  ma y c ons tri ct  and dila te in re sp on se  t o t he in i tiationan d t er min ation of the  ligh t st im ul u s p ulse. P u pi l o mete rs  m ay c omp ri se ha nd-h e ldunits o r, altern ati v ely,  m ay  compri se desk or ta bl e-mounted,  s tan d-alon e units. P upilometers also genera l ly incl ude  some  mec hanism fo r e nsurin g t h at animager  with in  th e pupil o m et eris  properlyp o sit ioned  i n re lationto a pupil to be i m age d. For exampl e,U.S. P at . N o .5 ,64 6, 7 09( i ncorporated her ein by ref er e nc e), issued toEl bert P.  Carter , des c ribes a n electro nic cente ri ng s y s tem  for ensur ing that  a pupilo m eteri sprope rly  posit io ned  in r elatio n  to  a pu pil to  b e imag ed. S im ilarly,U.S. Pat. No. 5,187,506  (inco rpora ted  herein b y r e fer ence), is sued  to Elbert  P.  Ca rter,  de s cribe s an ey e o r bit h ousi n g for ens u ri ngp r op er position i n g  be tween  ap upilom eter  and an eye of as ubject prior t o th e ini tia t ionof  a pupilary sc ann in g procedur e. 
Those skil led in t he art w ill ap precia te, how e v er ,  thatfora p upilomete r t oh ave max im um utilit y ma xi mum fl exibil i ty s h o uld be providedfor p o s ition i ngthe i ma ger. Fo r  exa mple, in t he case ofa hand -hel d sys tem few ,if any , r es trictionss hould beplace d uponth e or ien tation  oft h e ima gerpr ior  to enabl i n ga nim a gin g fu nctio n.  The  reason f o r this i s t h at medi ca l p e r sonnel at , for exampl e,an ac c i dent sitem ay h a ve diffi cultyin pos itionin g  an  i mager i n a p rescribed  position for  a cqui ring pup il aryre spo ns e data
 not_take full_advantage of encoding useful_information into_the_signals, calculating_the_impact of changes_in terrain, nor_do they adequately compensate_for varying environmental_conditions_and their effect upon a calculated position. Systems for monitoring pupil size and pupil_responsiveness_characteristics are_well_known_in the art and are_generally referred to as pupilometry_systems or,_simply, pupilometers. One early pupilometer is described in_U.S._Pat. No. 3,533,683,_which issued to Stark et al. on Oct. 13,_1970 and is entitled “Dynamic Pupilometers_Using Television Camera_System”_(incorporated_herein by reference). The_Stark et al. system employed a_television camera system, a digital computer_system, an infrared light source, and a_visual light stimulator for determining the_instantaneous size of a pupil_as an_eye (or neurologic pupilary control_system) of a_patient was_exposed to various_stimuli. Like the early Stark et_al. system, conventional_pupilometers measure, for example, the diameter_of_a pupil before_and_after_the pupil_is exposed to_a_light stimulus_pulse_and also measure the rates at_which_the pupil may constrict and dilate in_response to the initiation_and_termination of the light_stimulus pulse. Pupilometers may comprise_hand-held units or, alternatively, may comprise_desk or_table-mounted, stand-alone_units. Pupilometers also generally include some mechanism for ensuring that an_imager within the pupilometer is properly_positioned in relation to_a pupil_to_be imaged. For_example,_U.S. Pat._No. 5,646,709 (incorporated herein by reference), issued_to Elbert_P. Carter, describes an electronic centering_system for ensuring that_a_pupilometer is properly positioned in relation_to a pupil to be imaged._Similarly, U.S. Pat. No. 5,187,506_(incorporated_herein_by reference), issued to Elbert_P. Carter, describes an eye orbit_housing for ensuring_proper positioning between a pupilometer and an_eye_of a subject prior to the_initiation_of a pupilary scanning procedure.
Those skilled_in_the_art will appreciate, however, that_for a pupilometer to have maximum_utility maximum flexibility should be provided for positioning the_imager. For example,_in the case of a_hand-held_system_few, if any, restrictions should be placed upon the orientation_of the_imager prior to_enabling an imaging function. The reason for this is that_medical personnel at, for example, an accident_site may have difficulty in positioning an imager in a prescribed_position for acquiring pupilary response data