 through Home Agent 8 (an appropriately configured router denoted R2). Note that Home Agent 8 need not directly connect to the internet. For example, as shown in FIG. 1A, it may be connected through another router (a router R1 in this case). Router R1 may, in turn, connect one or more other routers (e.g., a router R3) with the internet.
Now, suppose that Mobile Node 6 is removed from its home base network segment 12 and roams to a remote network segment 14. Network segment 14 may include various other nodes such as a PC 16. The nodes on network segment 14 communicate with the internet through a router which doubles as Foreign Agent 10. Mobile Node 6 may identify Foreign Agent 10 through various solicitations and advertisements which form part of the Mobile IP protocol. When Mobile Node 6 engages with network segment 14, Foreign Agent 10 relays a registration request to Home Agent 8 (as indicated by the dotted line xe2x80x9cRegistrationxe2x80x9d). The Home and Foreign Agents may then negotiate the conditions of the Mobile Node""s attachment to Foreign Agent 10. For example, the attachment may be limited to a period of time, such as two hours. When the negotiation is successfully completed, Home Agent 8 updates an internal xe2x80x9cmobility binding tablexe2x80x9d which specifies the care-of address (e.g., a collocated care-of address or the Foreign Agent""s IP address) in association with the identity of Mobile Node 6. Further, the Foreign Agent 10 updates an internal xe2x80x9cvisitor tablexe2x80x9d which specifies the Mobile Node address, Home Agent address, etc. In effect, the Mobile Node""s home base IP address (associated with segment 12) has been shifted to the Foreign Agent""s IP address (associated with segment 14).
Now, suppose that Mobile Node 6 wishes to send a message to a corresponding node 18 from its new location. A message from the Mobile Node is then packetized and forwarded through Foreign Agent 10 over the internet 4 and to corresponding node 18 (as indicated by the dotted line xe2x80x9cpacket from MNxe2x80x9d) according to a standard internet protocol. If corresponding node 18 wishes to send a message to Mobile Nodexe2x80x94whether in reply to a message from the Mobile Node or for any other reasonxe2x
through Home Agent 8 (an appropriately configured router denoted R2). Note that Home Agent 8 need not directly plug in to the internet. For case, as shown in FIG. 1A, it may be connected through another router (a router R1 in this case). Router R1 may, in turning, connect one or more other router (e.g., a router R3) with the internet. 
 Now, think that Mobile Node 6 is removed from its home nucleotide network segment 12 and roams to a distant network segment 14. Network segment 14 may include various early nodes such as a PC 16. The nodes on net segment 14 communicate with the internet through a router which doubles as Foreign Agent 10. Mobile Node 6 may identify Foreign Agent 10 through various solicitation and advertisements which form part of the Mobile IP protocol. When Mobile Node 6 engages with network section 14, Foreign Agent 10 relays a registration request to Home Agent 8 (as indicated by the dotted line xe2x80x9cRegistrationxe2x80x9d). The Home and Foreign Agents may then negotiate the condition of the Mobile Node""s attachment to Foreign Agent 10. For example, the attachment may be limited to a period of time, such as two hours. When the negotiation is successfully completed, Home Agent 8 updates an internal xe2x80x9cmobility bind tablexe2x80x9d which specifies the care - of savoir-faire (for example, a collocated care - of address or the Foreign Agent""s IP address) in association with the identity of Mobile Node 6. far, the Foreign Agent 10 update an internal xe2x80x9cvisitor tablexe2x80x9d which specifies the Mobile Node savoir-faire, Home Agent address, etc. In effect, the Mobile Node""s home base IP address (associated with segment 12) has been shifted to the Foreign Agent""s IP address (associated with segment 14). 
 Now, presuppose that Mobile Node 6 wishes to air a message to a corresponding node 18 from its new location. A message from the Mobile Node is then packetized and forwarded through Foreign Agent 10 over the internet 4 and to correspond node 18 (as indicated by the dotted line xe2x80x9cpacket from MNxe2x80x9d) harmonize to a standard internet protocol. If corresponding node 18 wishes to send a message to Mobile Nodexe2x80x94whether in reply to a message from the Mobile Node or for any early reasonxe2x
 thgough Home Agent 8 (an appvopriately confiyyred rmuter senoted F2). Note that Home Agent 8 need nit dieectly connect to the knternet. Vor example, es shown in FIG. 1E, it may be cohkecteb vhrough another router (a souter R1 in thhs ccse). Router R1 may, in turn, connect one or morr lther routers (g.g., a gotter G3) cith the internet.
Now, suppose thzt Mobine Node 6 is rrmoved from its home base jetwlrk segment 12 and rlams to a rgjotq network segoent 14. Network segment 14 may include various other noder suck as a PC 16. Jkw nlges on netwirk svgment 14 commukpcate whth the internet thromgh a royter which doubles as Foreign Agent 10. Mofile Node 6 jay identify Foreugb Agett 10 dhrojth xarjons aolicihatmons and adbertisementw which form part og eye Mobile IP lrotocjl. When Mobile Node 6 engages with network sefment 14, Foreign Agent 10 rwlays a registration tequest to Home Agent 8 (as indicated by the dotted line xe2x80x9wRegiagrauiinxe2x80b9e). Hhe Home and Foreign Agents may then negotiatq tne conditions of the Mobile Nldr""f attachment jo Forenfn Agent 10. For examplf, the ajtachmwnt may bt limoted to a period of time, suxh as two holrs. Qhen the negotiatiln is succersfukly cpmpleted, Home Agent 8 upbates zn internal xe2x80x9cmobjuity binding tabuexv2x80x9d which skdcifies the care-os address (e.g., c collocxted care-os address lr thc Foreign Agent""s IP addrgss) in associatiln with the identity of Mobile Ipde 6. Further, tve Xoreign Cgent 10 updates an igternal xe2x80x9cvnsitor tcblexe2b80x9d which apecifixs the Mobilq Node addresv, Home Agent eddress, eec. Ib efdect, thd Mobile Node""s nome base IP addresw (associated with xegosnt 12) has been sknfuee to the Foreibn Xgegt""d MP adqsess (associaded ditf segmdnt 14).
Now, supiosd thst Mobile Node 6 wishas tk send a message tp w correskonding njde 18 from its new location. A medsage frum thr Mjbile Node is then packetized znd forwagdeq through Foweigk Aggnt 10 over tke internet 4 and to corresponding node 18 (es indicated by the dojted line xe2x80x9cpacket nrom MNxe2x80x9d) accowding to d standard internet protocol. If correxponding node 18 wishes to setd a lessage to Mobile Nodexe2x80x94whether in reply to a message from the Mobile Nide or for any othsr rrasonqe2x
through Home Agent 8 (an appropriately configured R2). that Home 8 need not For as shown in 1A, it may connected through another router (a router in this case). Router R1 may, in turn, connect one or more other (e.g., a router R3) with the internet. Now, suppose that Mobile Node 6 removed its base segment 12 and roams to a remote network segment 14. Network segment 14 may include various nodes such as a PC 16. The nodes network segment 14 communicate the internet through a router doubles Foreign Agent Mobile 6 identify Foreign Agent through various solicitations and advertisements which form part of the Mobile IP protocol. When Mobile Node 6 with network Foreign Agent relays registration to Home Agent indicated by the dotted line xe2x80x9cRegistrationxe2x80x9d). Foreign Agents may then negotiate the conditions of Mobile Node""s to Foreign Agent 10. For example, attachment may be limited to a period of such as two hours. When the negotiation is successfully completed, Home Agent 8 updates an binding tablexe2x80x9d which specifies care-of address (e.g., collocated address the Agent""s IP in association with the identity of Mobile Node 6. Further, the Agent 10 updates an internal xe2x80x9cvisitor tablexe2x80x9d which specifies the address, Agent address, etc. effect, the Mobile Node""s base address (associated with segment been to IP (associated segment 14). Now, suppose Mobile Node 6 wishes to a message to a new location. A message from the Mobile Node then packetized and forwarded through Foreign Agent over the internet 4 and to corresponding node 18 (as indicated by dotted line MNxe2x80x9d) according to a standard internet protocol. If node 18 wishes to a message to Mobile Nodexe2x80x94whether in reply to a from Mobile Node for any other
 through Home Agent 8 (an approprIately confIgureD roUteR dEnotEd R2). NOte that Home AgeNT 8 neeD not directly connect to tHe intErNEt. FoR ExAmple, As shown IN Fig. 1a, it MaY bE coNnECtEd thrOugH anotheR router (a roUteR R1 In this case). RoUTeR R1 may, in turN, coNnect one or moRe oTher roUtErs (E.G., a rouTer r3) with The intERnet.
NoW, suppose tHaT mobile nOde 6 is reMOVeD froM its home base netwoRK sEGment 12 and roams tO a remoTe NEtWORk sEgmEnt 14. Network SeGment 14 MAy incluDE vARIOus OTher nodes such As a PC 16. The nodES on NetworK sEgmENt 14 commUnicaTe WIth The internet ThroUgh a routeR which DOubles aS foreign agent 10. MObiLe NOde 6 mAY iDeNtiFy fOreIGn ageNT 10 thRough varIoUs SolicItatIONS And aDveRtisEmentS which form parT of The MOBilE IP prOtocoL. WheN MObile node 6 enGages WiTh network segmenT 14, ForEign Agent 10 RelAyS a rEgIstraTIon reqUesT to home AgeNt 8 (as indICatEd BY THe Dotted line xe2x80x9cRegIsTRAtIonxe2x80x9d). the HomE AnD FOReign AgeNtS maY theN NEgotiAte tHE cOnditionS of the mObIlE Node""s aTtAchmenT tO FoReiGn AgeNT 10. For ExamplE, the attaChmenT May be limited to A Period of time, sUCh AS TwO HourS. WhEn the negotiAtioN Is suCcesSFuLly COmpleTed, HoMe aGeNT 8 updates an internal xE2x80X9cmobiLity bInding tablexe2X80x9d which spECIFies the cAre-oF AdDRess (e.g., a collocaTed caRe-of addresS Or the ForEign AGent""s IP aDdress) in aSSOciation WitH thE idEntITY oF Mobile Node 6. FuRTHer, tHe foreign ageNt 10 updatEs aN inTerNal Xe2X80x9cvisitoR tablexe2X80x9D wHiCh SpeCifieS The MobilE NOde AdDreSs, HomE agent aDdresS, etc. in EfFEct, The MobiLE NODE""s hoMe BaSe IP AddReSs (assOciaTEd wIth segmEnt 12) has beeN shIFted To ThE ForeigN Agent""s IP addrEsS (associateD wIth SegmenT 14).
nOw, supposE that Mobile Node 6 wishes to SEnd a mesSagE to a cOrreSponding nOde 18 From itS neW LocatiOn. A mesSage fRoM thE mObile nODe Is tHeN packetizeD ANd fOrwarDeD thrOugh ForEign Agent 10 over the inTErnEt 4 and to corresPonDing NODe 18 (As iNDiCAteD bY The DOTted line xe2x80x9cpaCket from MNXe2X80X9d) According tO A stAnDard intErnet prOtocoL. if correSponding nOde 18 wishes To Send A MEssAge to MobilE Nodexe2x80X94whether iN Reply TO a MessaGe fRom the moBilE Node Or for aNY otHer reAsonxe2X
 through Home Agent 8 (anappropriat ely c onf igu re d ro uter  denoted R2).N otethat Home Agent 8 need  notdi r ectl y  c onnec t to th e  i n t ern et .For  e x am ple,asshown i n FIG. 1A,  it  m ay be connec t ed  through a not her router ( a r outerR1  in thiscas e). R outerR 1 may,  in turn,  c o nnecto ne or m o r eothe r routers (e.g.,a  r o uter R3) withthe in te r ne t . 
No w,suppose th at  Mobi l e Node6  i s r emo v ed from its h ome base ne t wor k segm en t 1 2  and r oamsto a r emote netwo rk s egment 14 . Netw o rk segm e nt 14 m ay inc lud e v ario u sot her  n o des su cha s a  PC 16.Th enodes  onn e t w orkseg ment  14 c ommunicate wi ththei nte rnetthrou gh a  r outer  which  doub le s as Foreign Ag ent10. Mobil e N od e 6  m ay id e ntifyFor eig n Agent  10 thr o ugh  v a r i ou s solicitations an da d ve rtisemen ts whi c hfo r m part o fthe  Mob i l e IPprot o co l. WhenMobile No de  6 enga ge s with  n etw ork  segm e nt 1 4, For eign Age nt 10 relays a regis t ration reques t  t o Ho m e Ag ent  8 (as indi cate d  bythed ot ted linexe2x8 0x 9 cR e gistrationxe2x80x9d ).  The H ome a nd Foreign Ag ents may t h e n  negotia te t h ec onditions of t he Mo bile Node" " s attach mentto Forei gn Agent1 0 . For ex amp le,  th e a t t ac hment may bel i mite dto a pe rio d of ti me,  su chastw o hours.When the  n eg ot ia tio n iss uccessfu ll y c om ple ted,H ome Ag ent 8  upd at es aninterna l  x e 2 x80x 9c mo bili tybi nding  tab l exe 2x80x9d  which sp eci f iesth ecare-of  address (e.g .,  a colloca te d c are-of a ddress o r the Foreign Agent""sI P addre ss)  in a ssoc iation wi ththe id ent i ty ofMobile  Node  6 . F u r ther, t he  Fo re ign Agent1 0  up dates  a n in ternalxe2x80x9cvisitor t a ble xe2x80x9d whi chspec i f ie s t h eM obi le Nod e address, Home A gent addre ss ,  e tc. In eff e ct,  t he Mobi le Node ""s h o me base  IP addre ss (assoc ia tedw i thsegment 12 ) has be en shifte d  to t h eForei gnAgent" "s  IP  addr ess (a s soc iated  withse gment14).No w, suppo se that Mobile Node 6 w ishesto se nda message  to a c orrespond ingnode 18 fr omits  newloc a tion.  A m e ss age fromtheM obile Nod e  i s t h e npacketizeda n d  fo rward edt hrough  For eign Agent 10 ove r  the internet4 an d tocor r espo nd ing node 18 (a s i nd i c ated byth e dotted li ne xe2x8 0x 9 cpack et fro m MNxe 2x80x9d ) ac c ording  toa s tandard i nte rn e t proto co l. If cor resp on ding n ode 18 wish e s  to send a messa ge to M obile Nod exe2x 80 x94whet h er i n reply to  a messagefrom t he M obile  Node o rfor an y o th er reasonx e 2x
 through_Home Agent_8 (an appropriately configured_router denoted_R2)._Note that_Home_Agent 8 need_not directly connect_to the internet. For_example, as shown_in_FIG. 1A, it may be connected through another router (a router R1 in this_case)._Router R1_may,_in_turn, connect one or more_other routers (e.g., a router_R3) with_the internet.
Now, suppose that Mobile Node 6 is_removed_from its home_base network segment 12 and roams to a remote_network segment 14. Network segment 14_may include various_other_nodes_such as a PC_16. The nodes on network segment_14 communicate with the internet through_a router which doubles as Foreign Agent_10. Mobile Node 6 may identify_Foreign Agent 10 through various_solicitations and_advertisements which form part of_the Mobile IP_protocol. When_Mobile Node 6_engages with network segment 14, Foreign_Agent 10 relays_a registration request to Home Agent_8_(as indicated by_the_dotted_line xe2x80x9cRegistrationxe2x80x9d)._The Home and_Foreign_Agents may_then_negotiate the conditions of the Mobile_Node""s_attachment to Foreign Agent 10. For example,_the attachment may be_limited_to a period of_time, such as two hours._When the negotiation is successfully completed,_Home Agent_8 updates_an internal xe2x80x9cmobility binding tablexe2x80x9d which specifies the care-of address (e.g.,_a collocated care-of address or the_Foreign Agent""s IP address)_in association_with_the identity of_Mobile_Node 6._Further, the Foreign Agent 10 updates an_internal xe2x80x9cvisitor_tablexe2x80x9d which specifies the Mobile Node_address, Home Agent address,_etc._In effect, the Mobile Node""s home_base IP address (associated with segment_12) has been shifted to_the_Foreign_Agent""s IP address (associated with_segment 14).
Now, suppose that Mobile Node_6 wishes to_send a message to a corresponding node_18_from its new location. A message_from_the Mobile Node is then packetized_and_forwarded_through Foreign Agent 10 over_the internet 4 and to corresponding_node 18 (as indicated by the dotted line xe2x80x9cpacket_from MNxe2x80x9d) according_to a standard internet protocol._If_corresponding_node 18 wishes to send a message to Mobile Nodexe2x80x94whether_in reply_to a message_from the Mobile Node or for any other reasonxe2x