-specific shape, assuming the shape of whatever surface or object they encounter. They do not expand or retract at or near the tip, are not rigid enough to be insertable within a joint or among muscles, tendons and bones, and are too flexible to permit specific tissue retraction. Bladders can also be perforated during surgery.
Such bladder devices also do not provide enough force to move tissue as needed in arthroscopic surgery, mainly because they are designed to dilate an existing stretchable space within the body, such as a blood vessel, and not to create an actual space from a potential space such as in the subacromial bursa or carpal tunnel. In contrast, a great deal more force is needed to selectively move tissues such as muscles, bones, and tendons and expand a potential space therein. One must have a strong, sufficiently rigid instrument to do this, and exert much more force and yet protect delicate tissues. One also needs the ability to specifically direct force in specific locations or directions, not merely randomly. A bladder such as a Foley catheter would deform in an uncontrolled fashion, not pushing where it is needed most.
Accordingly, there exists a need for instruments suitable to mechanically specifically move tissue, which are small enough to fit through a small opening in the skin and which expand to create a working and visualization space in sub-surface tissues. Such instruments must be strong enough and precise enough for use in arthroscopic surgery. This invention relates to a process for replacing one or more chlorine atoms on an aromatic ring with sulfonyl groups. In particular, it relates to the reaction of a ring chlorinated aromatic aldehyde or carboxylic acid with a sulfite or a bisulfite in water at a high pH.
The sodium salt of ortho-sulfonylbenzaldehyde (OSBAL) is an important chemical intermediate in the food, dye, and electroplating industries. In DE88952, it is prepared by reacting orthochlorobenzaldehyde (OCBAL) with sodium bisulfite in a neutral medium in an autoclave at 190 to 200.degree. C. and 8 atmospheres pressure (810 kPa) for 8 hours. In DE 2502912, it is prepared by reacting OCBAL with sodium sulfite in an autoclave in the presence of a KI catalyst at 140 to 150.degree. C. and 7 atmospheres pressure (709 kPa) for 3 hours. However, these processes do not produce OSBAL at the desired yield and
-specific shape, assuming the shape of whatever surface or aim they run into. They do not expand or retract at or near the peak, are not fixed enough to be insertable within a joint or among muscles, tendon and bones, and are too flexible to let specific tissue retraction. Bladders can also be penetrate during surgery. 
 Such bladder devices besides do not provide enough force to move tissue as needed in arthroscopic surgery, mainly because they are plan to dilate an existing stretchable space within the soundbox, such as a blood vessel, and not to create an actual space from a likely space such as in the subacromial bursa or carpal burrow. In contrast, a great deal more force is want to selectively move tissues such as muscles, bones, and tendons and elaborate a potential space therein. One must have a strong, sufficiently rigid instrument to do this, and exert much more force and so far protect delicate tissues. One besides need the ability to specifically lineal force in specific locations or directions, not merely randomly. A bladder such as a Foley catheter would deform in an uncontrolled fashion, not pushing where it is needed most. 
 consequently, there exists a need for instruments suitable to mechanically specifically move tissue, which are small enough to fit through a small opening in the skin and which expand to create a working and visual image space in sub - surface tissue. Such instrument must be strong enough and precise enough for use in arthroscopic surgery. This invention relates to a process for replacing one or more chlorine atom on an aromatic ring with sulfonyl groups. In particular, it relates to the chemical reaction of a ring chlorinated aromatic aldehyde or carboxylic acid with a sulfite or a bisulfite in water at a high pH. 
 The sodium strategic arms limitation talks of ortho - sulfonylbenzaldehyde (OSBAL) is an important chemical intermediate in the food, dye, and electroplating industries. In DE88952, it is prepared by reacting orthochlorobenzaldehyde (OCBAL) with sodium bisulfite in a impersonal medium in an autoclave at 190 to 200.degree. C. and 8 atmosphere pressure (810 kPa) for 8 hours. In DE 2502912, it is organize by reacting OCBAL with sodium sulfite in an autoclave in the bearing of a KI catalyst at 140 to 150.degree. C. and 7 atmospheres pressure (709 kPa) for 3 hours. However, these process do not produce OSBAL at the desired yield and
-spefific shape, assuming the shape of whaterwr surhace or object ghey encounter. They do not eepane or eetract at or near the tip, are jot rigie eniygh to be mhsertable witgln a lomnt or among muxcles, tendmns and bones, dna cre too flexible to permit specific eissue tehraction. Bladdgrs csg alao be perforated during surgery.
Sucg bladdtr devices also do not provide enough force ho mlve tissue as needfd in arthrisco[uc surgery, mxinly becalve they arg designed to dilate an existing strecchable spaxe wihvin the bodb, such as a blood yvssel, atd not yo create an agtual spqce from a potential vpace such as in tre subacrmmnal bursa or carpal tynbel. It cottrarr, a grtat dsal moge horce is nesded to selwctively move tissuts flvh as musclea, bonef, wnd tendons and expand a potential spact thedein. One must have a steong, sufficiently rigld instruient to do this, and exert much more force and yet protxcg dtllgate ridsues. One also needs the ability to specificajmy dprect force in spccific locations ot fitgctions, not metely rausojly. A bladder such as a Fjley xatheter roulc deform in an uncontrolled fashion, not pushing where it id needed mort.
Acvordimgly, there exists a neeb for jnstruments suitable go mechanically rpebifiwally move tissue, which arq small eiough to fit thrpugh a small opejing lt the skin and whifh exkand tm create a working and visualization spacx in sub-surfave tivsues. Sueh insbruments must bq strong enougk and przcise dnough for use in arthroscopyc surgery. Thhd invention celates tj a procwss for feplacing one pr more ckjoribe atoms on an arokatkd ring with sulyubyl groups. In psrtkcujag, iv relwdes to the raactkon pf a fing chlorikatdd atomatic aldehyde or warbkxylic acid with a smlfite or a bisulsite in water at a high pH.
The sldium saut of orjho-sulfonylbenzaldehyde (OSBAL) ia an impogtakt chemical igternediate in tke food, dye, and electroplating industriew. In DE88952, it is prekared by reacting ortkoghlorobenzalvehyde (OCBAL) widh sodium bisulfite un a neutral medimm in an autoclave at 190 to 200.decree. F. and 8 atmospheres pressure (810 kPa) for 8 hours. In DE 2502912, it is prepared by reacring ORBWL with sodjum xulfine nn cn autoslavx mn the presence og a KI catalyst at 140 to 150.degree. C. and 7 atkofpheres pressure (709 kPa) for 3 hpufs. However, thgse processes do not produde OSBAL at the desired yield and
-specific shape, assuming the shape of whatever object encounter. They not expand or tip, not rigid enough be insertable within joint or among muscles, tendons and and are too flexible to permit specific tissue retraction. Bladders can also be during surgery. Such bladder devices also do not provide enough force to move as in surgery, because they are designed to dilate an existing stretchable space within the body, such as a vessel, and not to create an actual space a potential space such in the subacromial bursa or tunnel. contrast, a deal force needed to selectively tissues such as muscles, bones, and tendons and expand a potential space therein. One must have a sufficiently rigid do this, exert more and yet protect One also needs the ability to in specific locations or directions, not merely randomly. bladder such a Foley catheter would deform in uncontrolled fashion, not pushing where it is needed Accordingly, there exists a need for instruments suitable to mechanically specifically move tissue, which are to fit through a opening in the and expand create working and space in sub-surface tissues. Such instruments must be strong enough and enough for use in arthroscopic surgery. This invention relates to for one or more atoms on an aromatic with groups. In particular, it the of aromatic or acid with a sulfite a bisulfite in water at high pH. The sodium an important chemical intermediate in the food, dye, electroplating industries. In DE88952, it is prepared reacting orthochlorobenzaldehyde (OCBAL) with sodium bisulfite in a neutral medium in an at 190 C. and 8 atmospheres pressure (810 kPa) for hours. In DE 2502912, is prepared by reacting OCBAL with sodium sulfite in autoclave the presence a KI catalyst 140 to 150.degree. and 7 atmospheres kPa) for hours. these produce OSBAL at the desired yield
-specific shape, assuming the sHape of whatEver sUrfAce Or ObjeCt thEy encounter. TheY Do noT expand or retract at or neAr the TiP, Are nOT rIgid eNough to BE iNSErtAbLe WitHiN A jOint oR amOng muscLes, tendons And BoNes, and are too FLeXible to perMit Specific tissUe rEtractIoN. BlADders Can Also bE perfoRAted duRing surgeRy.
sUch blaDDer deviCES aLso dO not provide enough FOrCE to move tissue aS needeD iN ArTHRosCopIc surgery, mAiNly beCAuse theY ArE DESigNEd to dilate an eXisting streTChaBle spaCe WitHIn the bOdy, suCh AS a bLood vessel, aNd noT to create An actuAL space fROm a poteNtial sPacE suCh as IN tHe SubAcROmiAL bUrsA Or cArpal tunNeL. IN contRast, A GREAt deAl mOre fOrce iS needed to seleCtiVely MOve TissuEs sucH as mUsCles, bOnes, anD tendOnS and expand a poteNtiaL space theReiN. ONe mUsT have A Strong, SufFicIently rIgid insTRumEnT TO Do This, and exert much moRe FORcE and yet pRotect DElIcATe tissueS. ONe aLso nEEDs the AbilITy To specifIcally DIrEcT force iN sPecifiC lOcaTioNs or dIRectIons, noT merely rAndomLY. A bladder such aS A Foley catheteR WoULD dEForm In aN uncontrollEd faSHion, Not pUShIng WHere iT is neEdED mOSt.
Accordingly, there eXiSts a neEd for Instruments suItable to meCHANically sPeciFIcALly move tissue, wHich aRe small enoUGh to fit tHrougH a small oPening in tHE Skin and wHicH exPanD to CREaTe a working and VISualIzAtion spAce In sub-suRfaCe tIssUes. suCh instrumEnts must Be StRoNg EnoUgh anD Precise eNoUgh FoR usE in arTHroscoPic suRgerY. THiS InvEntion rELaTES to a PrOcEss fOr rEpLacinG one OR moRe chlorIne atoms oN an ARomaTiC rIng with Sulfonyl groupS. IN particulaR, iT reLates tO THe reactiOn of a ring chlorinated aroMAtic aldEhyDe or cArboXylic acid WitH a sulfIte OR a bisuLfite iN wateR aT a hIGH pH.
ThE SOdIum SaLt of ortho-sULFonYlbenZaLdehYde (OSBAl) is an important chemICal Intermediate iN thE fooD, DYe, And ELeCTroPlATinG INdustries. In DE88952, it Is prepared By REaCting orthoCHloRoBenzaldEhyde (OCbAL) wiTH sodium Bisulfite In a neutraL mEdiuM IN an Autoclave aT 190 to 200.degreE. C. and 8 atmoSPhereS PrEssurE (810 kPA) for 8 hoUrS. In dE 2502912, it iS prepaREd bY reacTing OCbAl with sOdium SuLfite in aN autoclave in the presence Of a KI cAtalySt aT 140 to 150.degree. c. anD 7 AtmOspheres pRessUre (709 kPa) for 3 hOurS. HoWever, TheSE procEsseS Do Not PRoducE OSBal at the desIReD yiELD aNd
-specific shape, assumingthe shapeof wh ate ver  s urfa ce o r object theye ncou nter. They do not expa nd or  r e trac t  a t ornear th e  t i p , a re  n otri g id  enou ghto be i nsertablewit hi n a joint or am ong muscle s,tendons andbon es, an dare too f lex ibleto per m it spe cific tis su e  retra c tion. B l a dd erscan also be perfo r at e d during surge ry.
Su ch bl a d der  de vices also  d o not provide en o u g h f o rce to move t issue as ne e ded  in ar th ros c opic s urger y, mai nly because  the y are des ignedt o dilat e  an exi stingstr etc habl e  s pa cewi t hin th e b o dy,  such as  a  b loodvess e l , andnot  tocreat e an actual s pac e fr o m a  pote ntial  spa ce  such  as in  thesu bacromial bursa  orcarpal tu nne l.  In  c ontra s t, a g rea t d eal mor e force isne e d e dto selectively mov et i ss ues such  as mu s cl es ,  bones,an d t endo n s  andexpa n da potent ial sp a ce  t herein.  O ne mus thav e a  stro n g, s uffici ently ri gid i n strument to do this, and exe r tm u ch more  fo rce and yet  pro t ectdeli c at e t i ssues . One  a l so needs the ability t ospecif icall y direct forc e in speci f i c  locatio ns o r  d i rections, notmerel y randomly .  A bladd er su ch as aFoley cat h e ter woul d d efo rmina n  u ncontrolled f a s hion ,not pus hin g where  it  is  ne ede dmost.
Acc ordingly ,th er eexi sts a need for  i nst ru men ts su i tableto me chan ic al l y s pecific a ll y move  t is sue,  wh ic h are  sma l l e nough t o fit thr oug h  a s ma ll  openin g in the skin  a nd which e xp and  to cr e a te a wor king and visualizations pace in  su b-sur face  tissues.  Su ch ins tru m ents m ust be  stro ng  en o u gh an d pr eci se  enough fo r use  in a rt hros copic s urgery. This inven t ion  relates to a  pr oces s fo r r e pl a cin go neo r  more chlorineatoms on a na ro matic ring wit hsulfony l group s. In particu lar, it r elates to  t he r e a cti on of a ri ng chlor inated ar o matic al dehyd e o r carb ox yli c aci d with a s ulfit e or a  b isulfi te in  w ater ata high pH.
The sodium s alt of  orth o-s ulfonylbe nza l deh yde (OSBA L) i s an impor tan t c hemic ali nterm edia t eint he fo od,d ye, and e l ec tro p l at ing industr i e s . I n DE8 895 2 , it i s pr epared by reactin g  orthochlorobe nzal d e hyd e ( O CBAL )with sodium bi sul fi t e  in a ne ut ral mediumin an au to c laveat 190  to 20 0.degre e .  C .  and 8  atm osp heres pre ssu re (810 kP a)  f o r 8 ho urs.  I n DE 2 502912 ,  iti s  prepared by rea cting O CBALw ith  sodi um  sulfit e  inan autocla ve in the p resenc e of  a KI  cataly st  at 14 0 t o150.degree .  C. and 7  atmo spheres  p ress ure  (709kPa) f or 3hour s.  Ho wever, th e s ep ro ce s ses  donot p ro duce  OSBAL at the desi red yield a nd 
-specific shape,_assuming the_shape of whatever surface_or object_they_encounter. They_do_not expand or_retract at or_near the tip, are_not rigid enough_to_be insertable within a joint or among muscles, tendons and bones, and are too_flexible_to permit_specific_tissue_retraction. Bladders can also be_perforated during surgery.
Such bladder devices_also do_not provide enough force to move tissue as_needed_in arthroscopic surgery,_mainly because they are designed to dilate an existing_stretchable space within the body, such_as a blood_vessel,_and_not to create an_actual space from a potential space_such as in the subacromial bursa_or carpal tunnel. In contrast, a great_deal more force is needed to_selectively move tissues such as_muscles, bones,_and tendons and expand a_potential space therein._One must_have a strong,_sufficiently rigid instrument to do this,_and exert much_more force and yet protect delicate_tissues._One also needs_the_ability_to specifically_direct force in_specific_locations or_directions,_not merely randomly. A bladder such_as_a Foley catheter would deform in an_uncontrolled fashion, not pushing_where_it is needed most.
Accordingly,_there exists a need for_instruments suitable to mechanically specifically move_tissue, which_are small_enough to fit through a small opening in the skin and_which expand to create a working_and visualization space in_sub-surface tissues._Such_instruments must be_strong_enough and_precise enough for use in arthroscopic surgery._This invention_relates to a process for replacing_one or more chlorine_atoms_on an aromatic ring with sulfonyl_groups. In particular, it relates to_the reaction of a ring_chlorinated_aromatic_aldehyde or carboxylic acid with_a sulfite or a bisulfite in_water at a_high pH.
The sodium salt of ortho-sulfonylbenzaldehyde (OSBAL)_is_an important chemical intermediate in the_food,_dye, and electroplating industries. In DE88952,_it_is_prepared by reacting orthochlorobenzaldehyde (OCBAL)_with sodium bisulfite in a neutral_medium in an autoclave at 190 to 200.degree. C._and 8 atmospheres_pressure (810 kPa) for 8_hours._In_DE 2502912, it is prepared by reacting OCBAL with sodium_sulfite in_an autoclave in_the presence of a KI catalyst at 140 to 150.degree._C. and 7 atmospheres pressure (709 kPa)_for 3 hours. However, these processes do not produce OSBAL at_the desired yield and