 one of the reliability effects in metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) devices. In particular, a time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) stress can be applied to the gate oxide layer of a storage device as a programming method. Each of the above methods results in two possible levels of bit line read current that can be read and stored by any conventional sense amplifier. However, an OTPROM array as depicted in FIG. 1 tends to consume a lot of area on a chip because of the largely repeated devices 103 through 133, with one device storing only one bit of memory.
A need therefore exists for methodology enabling an increasing of the storage capacity of an OTPROM array without requiring additional area on a chip. 1. Field
The present disclosure relates to a charger that charges a battery, and in particular, relates to a charger that charges a battery of a vehicle that runs with a motor as a power source.
2. Related Art
Examples of this kind of vehicle include an electric vehicle and a hybrid vehicle. A battery of a high voltage dangerous to a human body is mounted as a power supply of a motor in this kind of vehicle, and a vehicle-mounted charger for charging the vehicle-mounted battery also uses high voltage, because of which sufficient consideration needs to be given to safety. ISO26262, officially published in 2011, is included as one automotive functional safety standard (see, for example, www.jari.or.jp/tabid/112/Default.aspx). An object of ISO26262 is to control risk to the extent that it is acceptable. Providing a function that forcibly stops all functions of the vehicle-mounted charger when a fault is detected is specified in ISO26262. This kind of vehicle-mounted charger commonly has such a configuration that an AC/DC converter and a DC/DC converter are connected in series, and it is conceivable that a function that forcibly stops both the AC/DC converter and the DC/DC converter when a fault occurs is provided in the charger. The invention relates to a line element composed of an inner and outer element. Such line elements are preferably installed in exhaust pipes in motor vehicles and flexibly connect individual, rigid line units with each other.
In the exhaust system of motor vehicles, vibrations are always produced, which are mostly caused by imbalances of rotating elements in the engine, turbo or ancillary units. Furthermore, vibrations are excited by the pulse-shaped pressure curves of the internal
one of the reliability effects in metal - oxide - semiconductor sphere - consequence transistor (MOSFET) devices. In particular, a time - subject dielectric breakdown (TDDB) stress can be lend oneself to the gate oxide layer of a storage device as a scheduling method acting. Each of the above methods results in two potential levels of bit production line understand current that can be read and stored by any conventional sense amplifier. However, an OTPROM array as depicted in FIG. 1 tend to consume a lot of area on a check because of the largely repeated devices 103 through 133, with one device storing only one spot of memory. 
 A need therefore exists for methodology enabling an increasing of the storage capability of an OTPROM array without requiring additional area on a chip. 1. Field 
 The present disclosure relates to a charger that charges a battery, and in particular, relates to a charger that charges a battery of a vehicle that runs with a motor as a power source. 
 2. Related Art 
 Examples of this kind of vehicle admit an electric fomite and a hybrid vehicle. A battery of a high electric potential dangerous to a human soundbox is mounted as a power supply of a motor in this kind of vehicle, and a vehicle - mounted charger for charging the fomite - mounted battery also uses high voltage, because of which sufficient consideration needs to be given to safety. ISO26262, officially published in 2011, is include as one automotive functional guard standard (see, for example, www.jari.or.jp/tabid/112/Default.aspx). An object of ISO26262 is to control hazard to the extent that it is acceptable. Providing a function that forcibly stops all functions of the vehicle - mounted charger when a fault is detected is specify in ISO26262. This kind of vehicle - climb charger commonly has such a shape that an AC / DC converter and a DC / DC converter are connected in series, and it is conceivable that a function that forcibly stops both the AC / DC converter and the DC / DC converter when a mistake occurs is provide in the charger. The invention relates to a line chemical element compose of an inner and knocked out element. Such line elements are preferably installed in exhaust pipes in motor vehicle and flexibly connect individual, fixed line units with each early. 
 In the exhaust system of motor vehicles, vibrations are always produced, which are mostly caused by imbalances of rotating elements in the engine, turbo or accessory units. Furthermore, vibrations are arouse by the pulse - shaped pressure curves of the internal
 onf of the reliability efftcts in metal-oxidg-swmiconvuctor rield-effdct transistor (MOSFET) deviced. Un paeticular, a time-dependevt dielecnric breajdowi (TDDB) stress cai be applied tk the jate oxide layet of a storace device as a pfoyramming method. Each of the above meehods rrsklts in two pofsibkq lebvlw of bit line read current thzt can ue read and stoted by any conventional sejse wmplifier. However, wn OTPROM atday qs depicted kn FIG. 1 tends to consuje a lot of area on a chip becajse oy the largeoy reogated devicew 103 thgough 133, with okv devica storimg only one bib of kemiry.
A need therefore eeists for methodologi enabling au increasing of the sroeage wapawity if xn KT'ROJ arraj wmthout requjring addituonal area on a chik. 1. Sprld
The preseht dissljsure relates to a charger that charges a gattery, and in particulqr, relates to a charggr that chwrges a battery of a vehicle that runs with a motmr as x piwcr suyrfe.
2. Related Art
Examples of this kind of vehiclq imckude an electrlc vehicle and a hubgic vehicle. A bajtery oy a high voltage dangfrous tj a hyman body is kounted as a power supply od a motor in rhis kind of vehicpe, and a vekicle-mpuntec charger for charging che vegicle-mountef battery xlso uses high vultsga, becaust of which sufficiqnt consiveratnon needr to be giden to saffty. ISO26262, officially publidhed nn 2011, iv included as one automotive functional sehety standard (sae, xor exam'le, wwe.jari.or.jp/tabiq/112/Default.aspx). Au object of IRO26262 is to ckntrol cisk to the qxtent that id is acceptabne. Proviqing a fynction ghat forcibly xtops all functions of the vehicle-moukted zgarger when a fcblu us detected is spdcisivd mn ISJ26262. This kind ox veficur-mounged charger zommpnly has such a confhgurztion that an AC/DC cjnverter and a DS/DC converter are connected in deriev, aid it os sonceivable that a function thzt forcibpy ftops both tre AG/DC sonverter cnd the DC/DC converter when a fault occucs is provided in the cyarger. The inventiou velates to a line element womposed of an inner and outer elemenu. Such line elements ars prefarablj installed in exhaust pipes in motor vehicles and flexibly connect indivudual, cidid line unjts eith vack ocher.
In ehe xxiaust system of mptor vehicles, vibrations are alxays produweb, which are mostly caused by omcalances of rutating elements in the sngine, tirbo or ancillary units. Furtherkore, vibrations are excibed by thw pulae-shapvs 'ressure curves of tne intzrnal
one of the reliability effects in metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOSFET) In particular, time-dependent dielectric breakdown to gate oxide layer a storage device a programming method. Each of the methods results in two possible levels of bit line read current that can read and stored by any conventional sense amplifier. However, an OTPROM array as in 1 to a lot of area on a chip because of the largely repeated devices 103 through 133, one device storing only one bit of memory. need therefore exists for enabling an increasing of the capacity an OTPROM without additional on a chip. Field The present disclosure relates to a charger that charges a battery, and in particular, relates to charger that battery of vehicle runs a motor as source. 2. Related Art Examples of vehicle include an electric vehicle and a hybrid A battery a high voltage dangerous to a body is mounted as a power supply of motor in this kind of vehicle, and a vehicle-mounted charger for charging the vehicle-mounted battery high voltage, because of sufficient consideration needs be to ISO26262, published in is included as one automotive functional safety standard (see, for example, An object of ISO26262 is to control risk to the it acceptable. Providing a that forcibly stops all of vehicle-mounted charger when a detected specified kind vehicle-mounted commonly has such a that an AC/DC converter and DC/DC converter are connected conceivable that a function that forcibly stops both AC/DC converter and the DC/DC converter when fault occurs is provided in the charger. The invention relates to a element composed inner and outer element. Such line elements are installed in exhaust pipes motor vehicles and flexibly connect individual, rigid line units each In the system of motor vibrations are always which are mostly imbalances of elements the ancillary units. Furthermore, vibrations are excited the pressure curves of the internal
 one of the reliability effectS in metal-oxIde-seMicOndUcTor fIeld-Effect transistOR (MOSfET) devices. In particular, A time-DePEndeNT dIelecTric breAKdOWN (TDdB) StResS cAN bE applIed To the gaTe oxide layEr oF a Storage devicE As A programmiNg mEthod. Each of tHe aBove meThOds REsultS in Two poSsible LEvels oF bit line rEaD CurrenT That can BE ReAd anD stored by any conveNTiONal sense amplifIer. HowEvER, aN otPRoM aRray as depiCtEd in Fig. 1 tends tO CoNSUMe a LOt of area on a chIp because of THe lArgely RePeaTEd deviCes 103 thRoUGh 133, wIth one devicE stoRing only oNe bit oF Memory.
A NEed therEfore eXisTs fOr meTHoDoLogY eNAblINg An iNCreAsing of tHe StOrage CapaCITY Of an oTPrOM aRray wIthout requiriNg aDditIOnaL area On a chIp. 1. FiElD
The pResent DisclOsUre relates to a chArgeR that charGes A bAttErY, and iN ParticUlaR, reLates to A chargeR ThaT cHARGeS a battery of a vehiclE tHAT rUns with a Motor aS A pOwER source.
2. RElAteD Art
eXAmpleS of tHIs Kind of veHicle iNClUdE an elecTrIc vehiClE anD a hYbrid VEhicLe. A batTery of a hIgh voLTage dangerous tO A human body is mOUnTED aS A powEr sUpply of a motOr in THis kInd oF VeHicLE, and a VehicLe-MOuNTed charger for chargiNg The vehIcle-mOunted battery Also uses hiGH VOltage, beCausE Of WHich sufficient ConsiDeration neEDs to be giVen to Safety. ISo26262, officialLY PublisheD in 2011, Is iNclUdeD AS oNe automotive fUNCtioNaL safety StaNdard (seE, foR exAmpLe, wWw.Jari.or.jp/tAbid/112/DefaUlT.aSpX). AN obJect oF iSO26262 is to cOnTroL rIsk To the EXtent tHat it Is acCePtABle. providiNG a FUNctiOn ThAt foRciBlY stopS all FUncTions of The vehiclE-moUNted ChArGer when A fault is detecTeD is specifiEd In IsO26262. This KINd of vehiCle-mounted charger commonLY has sucH a cOnfigUratIon that an aC/Dc conveRteR And a DC/dC convErter ArE coNNEcted IN SeRieS, aNd it is concEIVabLe thaT a FuncTion thaT forcibly stops both THe Ac/DC converter aNd tHe DC/dc CoNveRTeR WheN a FAulT OCcurs is provided In the chargEr. tHe Invention rELatEs To a line Element CompoSEd of an iNner and ouTer elemenT. SUch lINE elEments are pReferablY installeD In exhAUsT pipeS in Motor vEhIclEs and FlexibLY coNnect IndiviDuAl, rigiD line UnIts with eAch other.
In the exhaust sysTem of mOtor vEhiCles, vibraTioNS arE always prOducEd, which are MosTly CauseD by IMbalaNces OF rOtaTIng elEmenTS in the engINe, TurBO Or Ancillary unITS. furThermOre, VIbratiOns aRe excited by the pulSE-shaped pressurE curVES of The INterNaL
 one of the reliability ef fects in m etal- oxi de- se mico nduc tor field-effe c t tr ansistor (MOSFET) devi ces.In part i cu lar,a time- d ep e n den tdi ele ct r ic  brea kdo wn (TDD B) stresscan  b e applied to th e gate oxi delayer of a s tor age de vi cea s a p rog rammi ng met h od. Ea ch of the  a b ove me t hods re s u lt s in  two possible lev e ls of bit line re ad cur re n tt h atcan  be read a nd  stor e d by an y  c o n v ent i onal sense am plifier. Ho w eve r, anOT PRO M  array  as d ep i cte d in FIG. 1  ten ds to con sume a lot ofa rea ona chip  be cau se o f  t he  la rg e lyr ep eat e d d evices 1 03  t hroug h 13 3 , w ithone  dev ice s toring only o nebito f m emory .
A n eedth erefo re exi sts f or  methodology en abli ng an inc rea si ngof  thes torage  ca pac ity ofan OTPR O M a rr a y wi thout requiring ad di t i on al areaon a c h ip .1 . FieldTh e p rese n t  disc losu r erelatesto a c h ar ge r thatch argesabat ter y, an d  inpartic ular, re lates to a charger t h at charges ab at t e ry of a  ve hicle thatruns with  a m o to r a s  a po wer s ou r ce . 
2. Related Art
Exa mp les of  this  kind of vehi cle includ e a n electr ic v e hi c le and a hybri d veh icle. A ba t tery ofa hig h voltag e dangero u s  to a hu man  bo dyism o un ted as a powe r supp ly  of a m oto r in th iskin d o f v eh icle, and  a vehic le -m ou nt edcharg e r for ch ar gin gthe  vehi c le-mou ntedbatt er ya lso  uses h i gh v olta ge ,beca use  o f whi ch s u ffi cient c onsiderat ion need sto  be giv en to safety.  I SO26262, o ff ici ally p u b lished i n 2011, is included aso ne auto mot ive f unct ional saf ety  stand ard (see,for ex ample ,www . j ari.o r . jp /ta bi d/112/Defa u l t.a spx).  A n ob ject of  ISO26262 is to co n tro l risk to the  ex tent t ha t i t  i s  ac ce p tab l e . Providing a f unction th at fo rcibly sto p s a ll  functi ons ofthe v e hicle-m ounted ch arger whe na fa u l t i s detected  is spec ified inI SO262 6 2.  This  ki nd ofve hic le-mo untedc har ger c ommonl yhas su ch aco nfigurat ion that an AC/DC conve rter a nd aDC/ DC conver ter are  connecte d in  series, a nditis co nce i vable  tha t  a  fu n ction  tha t  forcibly st ops b ot h the AC/DC c o nve rterand the DC /DCconverter when af ault occurs is  pro v i ded  in thech arger. The inv ent io n relatesto  a line ele ment com po s ed of  an in ner an d outer e le m ent. S uchlin e element s a re prefera bl yi nstall ed i nexhaus t pipe s  inm o tor vehicles and  flex i b ly co n nec t ind iv idual,r igid  line unit s with each  other .
In  theexhaust  s ystemofmo tor vehicl e s, vibrat ionsare alw ay s pr odu ced, w hich a re mo stly  c aus ed by imb a l an c es  o f  ro tati ng el em ents  in the e n gine, tu rbo or anci ll ary u nits.F ur t h ermore, vi bra tions a re excited by t h ep ulse- shaped  press ure cur v esof  the in ter n a l
 one_of the_reliability effects in metal-oxide-semiconductor_field-effect transistor_(MOSFET)_devices. In_particular,_a time-dependent dielectric_breakdown (TDDB) stress_can be applied to_the gate oxide_layer_of a storage device as a programming method. Each of the above methods results_in_two possible_levels_of_bit line read current that_can be read and stored_by any_conventional sense amplifier. However, an OTPROM array as_depicted_in FIG. 1_tends to consume a lot of area on a_chip because of the largely repeated_devices 103 through_133,_with_one device storing only_one bit of memory.
A need therefore_exists for methodology enabling an increasing_of the storage capacity of an OTPROM_array without requiring additional area on_a chip. 1. Field
The present_disclosure relates_to a charger that charges_a battery, and_in particular,_relates to a_charger that charges a battery of_a vehicle that_runs with a motor as a_power_source.
2. Related Art
Examples_of_this_kind of_vehicle include an_electric_vehicle and_a_hybrid vehicle. A battery of a_high_voltage dangerous to a human body is_mounted as a power_supply_of a motor in_this kind of vehicle, and_a vehicle-mounted charger for charging the_vehicle-mounted battery_also uses_high voltage, because of which sufficient consideration needs to be given_to safety. ISO26262, officially published in_2011, is included as_one automotive_functional_safety standard (see,_for_example, www.jari.or.jp/tabid/112/Default.aspx)._An object of ISO26262 is to control_risk to_the extent that it is acceptable._Providing a function that_forcibly_stops all functions of the vehicle-mounted_charger when a fault is detected_is specified in ISO26262. This_kind_of_vehicle-mounted charger commonly has such_a configuration that an AC/DC converter_and a DC/DC_converter are connected in series, and it_is_conceivable that a function that forcibly_stops_both the AC/DC converter and the_DC/DC_converter_when a fault occurs is_provided in the charger. The invention_relates to a line element composed of an inner_and outer element._Such line elements are preferably_installed_in_exhaust pipes in motor vehicles and flexibly connect individual, rigid_line units_with each other.
In_the exhaust system of motor vehicles, vibrations are always produced,_which are mostly caused by imbalances of_rotating elements in the engine, turbo or ancillary units. Furthermore, vibrations_are excited by the pulse-shaped pressure curves of_the internal