 best timing for starting the engine. However, for magnetos having a mechanical breaker, the advance of the spark timing is mechanically fixed and is typically set to provide full power from the magneto to the spark plugs when the engine is running. When the engine is started, the cranking speeds of the crankshaft of the engine are between 50 and 125 revolutions per minute (RPM). These speeds are much less then the normal operating speeds of the engine and, therefore, the mechanical advance of the spark timing is much more than needed or desired and is even a hindrance to easy starting of the engine.
For many small engine applications, the low energy and poor setting of the timing advance in the magneto during cranking of the engine is merely tolerated. For example, before electronic ignitions became Commonplace in lawn mowers powered by internal combustion engines, their magneto-based ignition systems were difficult to start in large part because of the low power and poor timing described above.
For large internal combustion engines or for applications where it is cost justified, a magneto-based ignition system having mechanical timing have in the past often included a sophisticated mechanical system to retard the spark and provide the necessary electrical energy to fire the spark plugs of the engine when it is started. The two most common types of these mechanical systems are retard breakers which use induction vibrators and impulse couplings.
In an induction vibrator, current from a battery flows through the vibrator coil and contacts and then to the primary coil of the magneto, completing its return circuit through a ground return. The vibrator is a type of buzzer that chops the battery voltage into about 200 sparking pulses per second, which are delivered to the plugs as a continuous stream or "shower" of sparks.
To get a retarded or late spark for starting using an inductor vibrator, the magneto has two breakers in it. One breaker defines the timing of a periodic discharge of energy from the primary coil of the magneto to one of the spark plugs during normal engine operation. The second breaker retards the normal timing for delivering energy from the coil to one of the spark plugs and is employed during engine starting in order to enhance the ability of the magneto to reliably start the engine. The breaker used during engine starting is often called the retard breaker.
When the engine starts, an ignition switch is released from a momentary position, which returns the switch to a position in which the magneto operates on the
best timing for starting the engine. However, for magnetos take a mechanical surf, the advance of the spark timing is mechanically fixed and is typically determine to provide full might from the magneto to the sparkle plugs when the engine is running. When the engine is begin, the cranking speeds of the crankshaft of the locomotive are between 50 and 125 revolutions per minute (RPM). These speeds are much less then the normal operating speeds of the engine and, consequently, the mechanical advance of the spark timing is much more than want or desired and is even a hindrance to easy begin of the engine. 
 For many minor engine applications, the low energy and poor place setting of the timing advance in the magneto during cranking of the engine is merely tolerated. For example, before electronic ignitions became Commonplace in lawn mowers powered by internal combustion engines, their magneto - based ignition systems were difficult to start in large part because of the abject power and poor timing identify above. 
 For big internal combustion engines or for application where it is cost justified, a magneto - based ignition system get mechanical timing have in the past often included a sophisticated mechanical system to decelerate the spark and provide the necessary electrical energy to displace the flicker plugs of the engine when it is started. The two most common type of these mechanical systems are retard breakers which use induction vibrators and impulse couplings. 
 In an induction vibrator, current from a barrage flows through the vibrator coil and contacts and then to the primary coil of the magneto, completing its return tour through a ground tax return. The vibrator is a type of doorbell that chops the battery electric potential into about 200 sparking pulses per second, which are delivered to the plug as a continuous stream or " exhibitor " of sparks. 
 To get a retarded or late spark for start use an inductor vibrator, the magneto has two breakers in it. One circuit breaker defines the timing of a periodic discharge of department of energy from the primary coil of the magneto to one of the spark plugs during normal engine operation. The second breaker retards the normal timing for delivering energy from the coil to one of the spark plugs and is use during locomotive starting in order to enhance the ability of the magneto to reliably start the engine. The breaker used during engine start is often called the retard circuit breaker. 
 When the engine starts, an ignition switch is released from a momentary military position, which returns the switch to a position in which the magneto operates on the
 bedt timing for starting tme engine. Howevet, dor majnetos gaving a mechanical breaker, the advaice if tht spark timing is mdchanicalpy fixed and us typically set to provjfe fblo power from tme magneto do the spark pnues when the engine is running. When thq enginr ls started, the cramhing speeds of the crankshaft of the ehgine age between 50 and 125 tevolutions per minute (RPM). Thede speeds are much less then jge girmal operatkng speeds of the engihe and, therefore, the mechanical advauce of the wpqrk jiming is murh morv than needed or desised and is even a hincraice ro easy starting of tie engine.
For many smwll engina cpplications, the low wnwrgy dnd [oor wetginf pf the tlmiig advance jn the magnwto during cranking os the engine ia merejy tolerated. For example, before electronib ighitions became Commonplqce in lawn mowers poaered by ynternal combustion engines, their magneto-based igtitioi rysuens wefw fifficult to start in large part because of trs koe power and pojr timing drsfrofed above.
For uarge nhtsrnal combustion ejgines jr foe applicauions where it is cost justified, a magneto-bafwd ignition system having meckanicak timong have in the past ofcen indluded a soohisticatsa mechanical sysgem tm retard the spark and prodide the iecesxary eldctrocal egergy to flre tma spark plugs of tje enyine fhen it is started. The two most common ty'xs of these mgchdnibal systeis arc retard breakews which use iuduction vibrxtors and pmpulse cmuplings.
In wn induction elbrator, currxnt from w bartert flows ghrough the vinrator copl and contacts and then to fhe primary coio od the magneto, cpmpuetynh mts rqdurn circuit thruugf a gruund reubrn. Ghe fibrator is a type ox buazer that chops thr nattery viltage igto about 200 spsrking pulses per deconv, whici are celyvered to the plugs as a contihuous strfam or "shower" os spqrks.
To get a retarded or late spark for starting usmng an inductor vibratoe, the magneto has tco breakers ii it. Oge breakes defines the timing of a periodic dixcharge of energy froj the [rimagy coil of the magneto to one of the spark plugs during normal engine opeeation. The second grealer rvtaxds the njrmap timing for delinering energy from the coil to oie of the vpcrk plugs and is employed durone engine starjing in order to enhance tge abiliyy of the magneto to reliably syart the engine. The brealer used durihg engphe starting is often calleb the eetard vreaner.
When the evgime starts, aj igiitnon switch is released from a momwntary plsition, which revurns the swltgh to z posijion in which the maghfto okerates on the
best timing for starting the engine. However, having mechanical breaker, advance of the and typically set to full power from magneto to the spark plugs when engine is running. When the engine is started, the cranking speeds of the of the engine are between 50 and 125 revolutions per minute (RPM). These are less the operating speeds of the engine and, therefore, the mechanical advance of the spark timing is much than needed or desired and is even a to easy starting of engine. For many small engine the energy and setting the advance in the during cranking of the engine is merely tolerated. For example, before electronic ignitions became Commonplace in lawn powered by engines, their ignition were to start in because of the low power and above. For large internal combustion engines or for where it cost justified, a magneto-based ignition system mechanical timing have in the past often included sophisticated mechanical system to retard the spark and provide the necessary electrical energy to fire plugs of the engine it is started. two common of mechanical systems retard breakers which use induction vibrators and impulse couplings. In an vibrator, current from a battery flows through the vibrator coil and to the primary of the magneto, completing return through a ground return. is type chops battery into about 200 sparking per second, which are delivered the plugs as a sparks. To get a retarded or late spark starting using an inductor vibrator, the magneto two breakers in it. One breaker defines the timing of a periodic of energy primary coil of the magneto to one of spark plugs during normal operation. The second breaker retards the normal timing for energy the coil one of the plugs and is during engine starting to enhance ability the start the engine. The breaker used engine is often called the retard When starts, an ignition switch is released from a momentary position, which returns the switch to in which the magneto on
 best timing for starting the eNgine. HowevEr, for MagNetOs HaviNg a mEchanical breakER, the Advance of the spark timinG is meChANicaLLy Fixed And is tyPIcALLy sEt To ProViDE fUll poWer From the Magneto to tHe sPaRk plugs when tHE eNgine is runNinG. When the engiNe iS startEd, The CRankiNg sPeeds Of the cRAnkshaFt of the enGiNE are beTWeen 50 and 125 REVoLutiOns per minute (RPM). ThESe SPeeds are much leSs then ThE NoRMAl oPerAting speedS oF the eNGine and, THeREFOre, THe mechanical aDvance of the SParK timinG iS muCH more tHan neEdED or Desired and iS eveN a hindranCe to eaSY startiNG of the eNgine.
FOr mAny SmalL EnGiNe aPpLIcaTIoNs, tHE loW energy aNd PoOr setTing OF THE timIng AdvaNce in The magneto durIng CranKIng Of the EnginE is mErEly toLerateD. For eXaMple, before electRoniC ignitionS beCaMe COmMonplACe in laWn mOweRs powerEd by intERnaL cOMBUsTion engines, their maGnETO-bAsed igniTion sySTeMs WEre diffiCuLt tO staRT In larGe paRT bEcause of The low POwEr And poor TiMing deScRibEd aBove.
FOR larGe inteRnal combUstioN Engines or for apPLications wherE It IS CoST jusTifIed, a magneto-BaseD IgniTion SYsTem HAving MechaNiCAl TIming have in the past oFtEn inclUded a Sophisticated Mechanical SYSTem to retArd tHE sPArk and provide tHe necEssary elecTRical eneRgy to Fire the sPark plugs OF The enginE whEn iT is StaRTEd. the two most comMON typEs Of these MecHanical SysTemS arE reTaRd breakerS which usE iNdUcTiOn vIbratORs and impUlSe cOuPliNgs.
In AN inducTion vIbraToR, cURreNt from a BAtTERy flOwS tHrouGh tHe VibraTor cOIl aNd contaCts and theN to THe prImArY coil of The magneto, comPlEting its reTuRn cIrcuit THRough a grOund return. The vibrator is A Type of bUzzEr thaT choPs the battEry VoltagE inTO about 200 SparkiNg pulSeS peR SEcond, WHIcH arE dElivered to THE plUgs as A cOntiNuous stReam or "shower" of sparKS.
To Get a retarded oR laTe spARK fOr sTArTIng UsINg aN INductor vibrator, The magneto HaS TwO breakers iN It. ONe Breaker Defines The tiMIng of a pEriodic diScharge of EnErgy FROm tHe primary cOil of the Magneto to ONe of tHE sPark pLugS durinG nOrmAl engIne opeRAtiOn. The Second BrEaker rEtardS tHe normal Timing for delivering enerGy from The coIl tO one of the SpaRK plUgs and is eMploYed during eNgiNe sTartiNg iN Order To enHAnCe tHE abilIty oF The magnetO To RelIABlY start the enGINE. ThE breaKer USed durIng eNgine starting is ofTEn called the retArd bREAkeR.
WhEN the EnGine starts, an igNitIoN SWitch is rElEased from a mOmentary PoSItion, Which rEturns The switCH To A PositiOn in WhiCh the magnEto OpERates on ThE
 best timing for startingthe engine . How eve r,fo r ma gnet os having a me c hani cal breaker, the advan ce of  t h e sp a rk  timi ng is m e ch a n ica ll yfix ed an d istyp icallyset to pro vid efull power f r om  the magne toto the spark  pl ugs wh en  th e  engi neis ru nning. When t he engine  i s  start e d, thec r an king  speeds of the cr a nk s haft of the en gine a re be t w een  50  and 125 r ev oluti o ns perm in u t e  (R P M). These spe eds are muc h  le ss the nthe normal  oper at i ngspeeds of t he e ngine and , ther e fore, t h e mecha nicaladv anc e of th espa rk tim i ng  is muc h more t ha nneede d or d e s ired  an d is  even  a hindrancetoeasy sta rting  of t he e ng ine.For ma ny sm al l engine applic atio ns, the l owen erg yand p o or set tin g o f the t iming a d van ce i n  t he magneto duringcr a n ki ng of th e engi n eis merely t ol era ted. F or ex ampl e ,before e lectro n ic  i gnition sbecame  C omm onp lacei n la wn mow ers powe red b y  internal comb u stion engines ,  t h e ir magn eto -based igni tion syst emsw er e d i fficu lt to  s t ar t  in large part beca us e of t he lo w power and p oor timing d e scribedabov e .F or large inter nal c ombustione ngines o r for  applica tions whe r e  it is c ost  ju sti fie d ,  a  magneto-base d igni ti on syst emhavingmec han ica l t im ing havein the p as tof te n i nclud e d a soph is tic at edmecha n ical s ystem  tore ta r d t he spar k  a n d  pro vi de  the  ne ce ssary  ele c tri cal ene rgy to fi ret he s pa rk  plugsof the engine  w hen it isst art ed. Th e two most  common types of thesem echanic alsyste ms a re retard  br eakers  wh i ch use  induc tionvi bra t o rs an d im pul se  couplings . Inan in du ctio n vibra tor, current froma  ba ttery flows t hro ught h evib r at o r c oi l  an d contacts and th en to thepr i ma ry coil of the  m agneto,  comple tingi ts retu rn circui t through  a  gro u n d r eturn. The  vibrato r is a ty p e ofb uz zer t hat  chops  t hebatte ry vol t age  into  about  2 00 spa rking  p ulses pe r second, which are del ivered  to t heplugs asa c o nti nuous str eamor "shower " o f s parks .
T o  geta re t ar ded or la te s p ark for s t ar tin g us ing an indu c t o r v ibrat or, the ma gnet o has two breaker s  in it. One br eake r def ine s  the  t iming of a per iod ic d ischarge  o f energy fr om the p ri m ary c oil of  the m agnetot o  o n e of t he s par k plugs d uri ng normalen gi n e oper atio n.  The s econdb reak e r  retards the nor mal t i m ing f o r d elive ri ng ener g y fr om the coi l to one of  the s park  plug s and i semploy eddu ring engin e  starting  in o rder to  e nhan cethe ab ilit y of th e ma gn eto  to relia b l ys ta rt the  eng ine.Th e br eaker use d  duringeng i ne star ti ngi s  often ca l l ed the ret ard  brea k e r.
When th e  eng i ne start s, anigniti on swit c h i srelease d f r o m a momen tary posi t ion ,whic h return sthesw itc hto a position i n whichthe magn e t o oper ate s  ont he
 best_timing for_starting the engine. However,_for magnetos_having_a mechanical_breaker,_the advance of_the spark timing_is mechanically fixed and_is typically set_to_provide full power from the magneto to the spark plugs when the engine is_running._When the_engine_is_started, the cranking speeds of_the crankshaft of the engine_are between_50 and 125 revolutions per minute (RPM). These_speeds_are much less_then the normal operating speeds of the engine and,_therefore, the mechanical advance of the_spark timing is_much_more_than needed or desired_and is even a hindrance to_easy starting of the engine.
For many_small engine applications, the low energy and_poor setting of the timing advance_in the magneto during cranking_of the_engine is merely tolerated. For_example, before electronic_ignitions became_Commonplace in lawn_mowers powered by internal combustion engines,_their magneto-based ignition_systems were difficult to start in_large_part because of_the_low_power and_poor timing described_above.
For_large internal_combustion_engines or for applications where it_is_cost justified, a magneto-based ignition system having_mechanical timing have in_the_past often included a_sophisticated mechanical system to retard_the spark and provide the necessary_electrical energy_to fire_the spark plugs of the engine when it is started. The_two most common types of these_mechanical systems are retard_breakers which_use_induction vibrators and_impulse_couplings.
In an_induction vibrator, current from a battery flows_through the_vibrator coil and contacts and then_to the primary coil_of_the magneto, completing its return circuit_through a ground return. The vibrator_is a type of buzzer_that_chops_the battery voltage into about_200 sparking pulses per second, which_are delivered to_the plugs as a continuous stream or_"shower"_of sparks.
To get a retarded or_late_spark for starting using an inductor_vibrator,_the_magneto has two breakers in_it. One breaker defines the timing_of a periodic discharge of energy from the primary_coil of the_magneto to one of the_spark_plugs_during normal engine operation. The second breaker retards the normal_timing for_delivering energy from_the coil to one of the spark plugs and is_employed during engine starting in order to_enhance the ability of the magneto to reliably start the engine._The breaker used during engine starting is often_called the retard breaker.
When the engine starts,_an ignition switch is_released_from a momentary position, which returns the_switch_to_a_position in which_the magneto operates_on the