 abundant and well dispersed Zn element, which further facilitates electron transfer at TiO2 layer. Meanwhile, the electron lifetime in ZnO+2 l+TiCl4 is the longest. Consequently, the overall energy conversion efficiency of the cell with ZnO+2 l+TiCl4 is significantly enhanced to 8.9%, which is 8.8% higher than that with pure TiCl4 post-treatment and 17.7% higher than that without any treatment.
An article titled “Fabrication of TiO2 nanotube film by well-aligned ZnO nanorod array film and sol-gel process” by J Qiu et al. published in Thin Solid Films (2007), Volume: 515, Issue: 5, Pages: 2897-2902 discloses high density TiO2 nanotube film with hexagonal shape and narrow size distribution which was fabricated by templating ZnO nanorod array film and sol-gel process. Well-aligned ZnO nanorod array films obtained by aqueous solution method were used as template to synthesize ZnO/TiO2 core-shell structure through sol-gel process. Subsequently, TiO2 nanotube array films survived by removing the ZnO nanorod cores using wet-chemical etching. Polycrystalline anatase TiO2 nanotube films were similar to 1.5 μm long and similar to 100 nm in inter diameter with a wall thickness of similar to 10 nm.
Inspite of the above disclosures in the art for chemical conversion into micro-to-nanostructured materials, while preserving the macroscopic-to-microscopic preform morphologies, chemical transformation of ZnO mesostructures to TiO2 mesostructures using simple chemical treatment is however not explored hitherto.
In the context of the importance of applications of shape controlled metal oxides in electro-optics, photovoltaics etc. the present invention lays emphasis in providing shape preserving chemical transformation of ZnO mesostructures to TiO2 mesostructures using simple chemical treatment. The term streaming media describes the playback of media on a playback device, where the media is stored on a server and continuously sent to the playback device over a network during playback. Typically, the playback device stores a sufficient quantity of media in a buffer at any given time during playback to prevent disruption of playback due to the playback device completing playback of all the buffered media prior to receipt of the next portion of media. Adaptive bit rate streaming or adaptive streaming involves detecting the present streaming conditions (e.g. the user's network bandwidth and CPU capacity) in real time and adjusting the
abundant and well dispersed Zn element, which further facilitates electron transportation at TiO2 level. Meanwhile, the electron life in ZnO+2 l+TiCl4 is the longest. Consequently, the overall energy conversion efficiency of the cell with ZnO+2 l+TiCl4 is importantly enhanced to 8.9% , which is 8.8% higher than that with pure TiCl4 post - discussion and 17.7% high than that without any treatment. 
 An article entitle “ Fabrication of TiO2 nanotube film by well - align ZnO nanorod array film and sol - gel summons ” by J Qiu et al. publish in Thin Solid Films (2007), Volume: 515, Issue: 5, Pages: 2897 - 2902 discloses high density TiO2 carbon nanotube film with hexagonal shape and minute size distribution which was fabricated by templating ZnO nanorod array film and sol - gelatin process. Well - align ZnO nanorod array films receive by aqueous solution method were used as template to synthesize ZnO / TiO2 core - shell social organization through sol - gel process. Subsequently, TiO2 nanotube array films survived by removing the ZnO nanorod cores using wet - chemical etching. Polycrystalline anatase TiO2 nanotube films were similar to 1.5 μm long and similar to 100 nm in inter diameter with a wall thickness of alike to 10 nm. 
 Inspite of the above disclosures in the artwork for chemical conversion into micro - to - nanostructured fabric, while save the macroscopic - to - microscopic preform morphologies, chemical transformation of ZnO mesostructures to TiO2 mesostructures using simple chemical treatment is however not explored hitherto. 
 In the context of the importance of applications of shape see metal oxides in electro - optics, photovoltaics etc. the present invention lays emphasis in providing condition preserving chemical transformation of ZnO mesostructures to TiO2 mesostructures using simple chemical treatment. The term streaming medium trace the playback of media on a playback device, where the media is stored on a waiter and continuously sent to the playback device over a network during playback. Typically, the playback device stores a sufficient quantity of media in a buffer at any given time during playback to prevent disturbance of playback due to the playback device completing playback of all the buffered medium prior to receipt of the following portion of medium. Adaptive bit pace streaming or adaptive streaming involves detecting the present streaming condition (e.g. the user's network bandwidth and CPU capacity) in real time and adjusting the
 abkndant and well dispersea Zn element, whnxh furvher fadilitater electron transfer at TiO2 leyer. Meanqhile, the electron lifdtime in DnO+2 l+TiCl4 is uhe longest. Consequently, bke ovsvall znxrgy conversion efficiencf of the cell figh ZnO+2 l+TiCl4 is significantly enhanceq to 8.9%, wnifh is 8.8% higher jhan uhae wifh pure TiCl4 post-treatment and 17.7% hifher then that without any treatment.
An article tltlef “Fabrication of TlO2 nanotube fili by well-aligved ZnO nanorod array rilm and sol-gel process” by J Qij et cl. publishee un Hvin Solid Fmlms (2007), Nolume: 515, Issue: 5, Pages: 2897-2902 discloxes high densiby TiM2 nqnotube film with hexegonal shape and nartow size dhscribution which was fqbeicatgd by temooatkng ZiO hanorof acray film ahd sol-gel peocess. Well-aligned EnO banorod array films oftained by aqueous solution method were ussd as template to synthwsize ZnO/TiO2 core-shelp structuwe through sol-gel process. Subsequently, TiO2 nanotute arcah fnoms sjevlved by removing the ZnO nanorod cores using rst-vhvmical etching. Pojycrystallime amwtase TiO2 nanutube yjljs were similar to 1.5 μm lond and similar uo 100 nk in inter diameter with a qall thicknefw of similar to 10 nl.
Inspite of the abovr disclosures in the arc for dhemical cojversion jvto micro-to-nanosgrubturad materials, while preservyng the mecroseopic-to-mkcroxcopic preform mlrphologies, chemical trajsforladion of ZnL mesostructures to TiO2 mesostrnrtures using xikplv chemicaj trestment is howqver not exploted hithexto.
In ghe contexn of the mmportance os applicationv of shape coitrolled ietao oxudes in dlectro-optics, lhotovoltcncs etc. tye present inventipn uzys emphasis in prividing shape ptesdrvynh rhemisdl transformdtiov ow ZnO oesostructuves to YiO2 mesostructures uving simple chemical ttewtment. Tye term ftreaming medoa describes the ppaybark of oedia on a playback device, where the msdia is shorcd on a servew ane continuousky sent to the playback device over a nxtwork during playback. Rypically, the playbccl device stpres w sufficiant quantity of mediq in a buffer at sny given time during playbdck tl prevent disruption of playback due to the playback device completing plqyback of all the guffrred kebia prior to cereipt of the next portion of media. Adaptive bit cate streakiug or adaptive streaming invokvds detecting jhe present streaming condjtions (e.b. the user's network bandwidth amd CPU capacity) in real bime and qdjusfing the
abundant and well dispersed Zn element, which electron at TiO2 Meanwhile, the electron the Consequently, the overall conversion efficiency of cell with ZnO+2 l+TiCl4 is significantly to 8.9%, which is 8.8% higher than that with pure TiCl4 post-treatment and higher than that without any treatment. An article titled “Fabrication of TiO2 nanotube by ZnO array and sol-gel process” by J Qiu et al. published in Thin Solid Films (2007), Volume: 515, 5, Pages: 2897-2902 discloses high density TiO2 nanotube with hexagonal shape and size distribution which was fabricated templating nanorod array and process. ZnO nanorod array obtained by aqueous solution method were used as template to synthesize ZnO/TiO2 core-shell structure through sol-gel process. TiO2 nanotube survived by the nanorod using wet-chemical etching. TiO2 nanotube films were similar to and similar to 100 nm in inter diameter a wall of similar to 10 nm. Inspite the above disclosures in the art for chemical into micro-to-nanostructured materials, while preserving the macroscopic-to-microscopic preform morphologies, chemical transformation of ZnO mesostructures to using simple chemical treatment however not explored In context the of applications shape controlled metal oxides in electro-optics, photovoltaics etc. the present invention emphasis in providing shape preserving chemical transformation of ZnO mesostructures mesostructures simple chemical treatment. term streaming media describes playback media on a playback the is server continuously to the playback device a network during playback. Typically, playback device stores a a buffer at any given time during playback prevent disruption of playback due to the device completing playback of all the buffered media prior to receipt of next portion Adaptive bit rate streaming or adaptive streaming involves the present streaming conditions the user's network bandwidth and CPU capacity) in real and the
 abundant and well dispersed ZN element, whIch fuRthEr fAcIlitAtes Electron transfER at TIO2 layer. Meanwhile, the eleCtron LiFEtimE In znO+2 l+TICl4 is thE LoNGEst. coNsEquEnTLy, The ovEraLl energY conversioN efFiCiency of the cELl With ZnO+2 l+Ticl4 iS significantLy eNhanceD tO 8.9%, whICh is 8.8% hIghEr thaN that wITh pure tiCl4 post-tReATment aND 17.7% higher THAn That Without any treatmeNT.
AN Article titled “FAbricaTiON oF tIO2 nAnoTube film by WeLl-aliGNed ZnO nANoROD ArrAY film and sol-geL process” by J qIu eT al. pubLiSheD In Thin solid fiLMs (2007), VOlume: 515, Issue: 5, PAges: 2897-2902 Discloses High deNSity TiO2 NAnotube Film wiTh hExaGonaL ShApE anD nARroW SiZe dIStrIbution wHiCh Was faBricATED By teMplAtinG ZnO nAnorod array fiLm aNd soL-Gel ProceSs. WelL-aliGnEd ZnO NanoroD arraY fIlms obtained by aQueoUs solutioN meThOd wErE used AS templAte To sYnthesiZe ZnO/Tio2 CorE-sHELL sTructure through sol-GeL PRoCess. SubsEquentLY, TIO2 NAnotube aRrAy fIlms SURviveD by rEMoVing the ZNO nanoROd CoRes usinG wEt-chemIcAl eTchIng. PoLYcryStalliNe anatasE TiO2 nANotube films werE Similar to 1.5 μm loNG aND SiMIlar To 100 nM in inter diaMeteR With A walL ThIckNEss of SimilAr TO 10 nM.
inspite of the above diScLosureS in thE art for chemicAl conversiON INto micro-To-naNOsTRuctured materiAls, whIle preservINg the macRoscoPic-to-micRoscopic pREForm morpHolOgiEs, cHemICAl TransformatioN OF ZnO MeSostrucTurEs to TiO2 MesOstRucTurEs Using simpLe chemicAl TrEaTmEnt Is howEVer not exPlOreD hIthErto.
IN The conText oF the ImPoRTanCe of appLIcATIons Of ShApe cOntRoLled mEtal OXidEs in eleCtro-opticS, phOTovoLtAiCs etc. thE present invenTiOn lays emphAsIs iN proviDINg shape pReserving chemical transfORmation Of ZNO mesOstrUctures to tiO2 MesostRucTUres usIng simPle chEmIcaL TReatmENT. THe tErM streaming MEDia DescrIbEs thE playbaCk of media on a playbaCK deVice, where the mEdiA is sTOReD on A SeRVer AnD ConTINuously sent to thE playback dEvICe Over a netwoRK duRiNg playbAck. TypiCally, THe playbAck device Stores a suFfIcieNT QuaNtity of medIa in a bufFer at any gIVen tiME dUring PlaYback tO pRevEnt diSruptiON of PlaybAck due To The plaYback DeVice compLeting playback of all the bUffereD mediA prIor to receIpt OF thE next portIon oF media. AdapTivE biT rate StrEAming Or adAPtIve STreamIng iNVolves detECtIng THE pResent streaMING coNditiOns (E.G. the usEr's nEtwork bandwidth anD cPU capacity) in rEal tIME anD adJUstiNg The
 abundant and well dispers ed Zn elem ent,whi chfu rthe r fa cilitates elec t rontransfer at TiO2 layer . Mea nw h ile, th e ele ctron l i fe t i mein  Z nO+ 2l +T iCl4isthe lon gest. Cons equ en tly, the ove r al l energy c onv ersion effic ien cy ofth e c e ll wi thZnO+2  l+TiC l 4 is s ignifican tl y  enhan c ed to 8 . 9 %,  whi ch is 8.8% higher th a n that with pu re TiC l4 po s t -tr eat ment and 1 7. 7% hi g her tha n  t h a t  wi t hout any trea tment.
An a r tic le tit le d “ F abrica tionof TiO 2 nanotubefilm  by well- aligne d  ZnO na n orod ar ray fi lmand  sol - ge lpro ce s s”b yJ Q i u e t al. pu bl is hed i n Th i n S olid  Fi lms(2007 ), Volume: 51 5,Issu e : 5 , Pag es: 2 897- 29 02 di sclose s hig hdensity TiO2 na notu be film w ith  h exa go nal s h ape an d n arr ow size  distri b uti on w h ic h was fabricated b yt e mp lating Z nO nan o ro da rray fil mand  sol - g el pr oces s .Well-ali gned Z n Ona norod a rr ay fil ms  ob tai ned b y  aqu eous s olutionmetho d  were used ast emplate to sy n th e s iz e  ZnO /Ti O2 core-she ll s t ruct uret hr oug h  sol- gel p ro c es s . Subsequently, TiO 2nanotu be ar ray films sur vived by r e m o ving the  ZnO na n orod cores usi ng we t-chemical etching.  Poly crystall ine anata s e  TiO2 na not ube  fi lms w er e similar to1 . 5 μm  l ong and  si milar t o 1 00nminin ter diame ter with  a  w al lthi cknes s  of simi la r t o10nm.
I n spiteof th e ab ov ed isc losures in t he a rt  f or c hem ic al co nver s ion  into m icro-to-n ano s truc tu re d mater ials, while p re serving th emac roscop i c -to-micr oscopic preform morphol o gies, c hem icaltran sformatio n o f ZnOmes o struct ures t o TiO 2mes o s truct u r es  us in g simple c h e mic al tr ea tmen t is ho wever not explored hit herto.
In the  co ntex t of  th e  i m por ta n ceo f  applications o f shape co nt r ol led metalo xid es  in ele ctro-op tics, photovo ltaics et c. the pr es enti n ven tion laysemphasis  in provi d ing s h ap e pre ser ving c he mic al tr ansfor m ati on of  ZnO m es ostruc tures  t o TiO2 m esostructures using sim ple ch emica l t reatment.  Th e  te rm stream ingmedia desc rib esthe p lay b ack o f me d ia  on a pla ybac k  device,w he ret h emedia is st o r e d o n a s erv e r andcont inuously sent tot he playback de vice o ver  an etwo rk  during playba ck.  T y p ically,th e playbackdevice s to r es asuffic ient q uantity o fm edia i n abuf fer at an y g iv e n timedu ri n g play back  t o prev ent di s rupt i o n of playback du e tot h e pla y bac k dev ic e compl e ting  playbackof all thebuffer ed m ediaprior t oreceip t o fthe next p o rtion ofmedia . Adapt iv e bi t r ate st ream i n g oradap ti vestreaming i nv o lv es det ecti ng th epres ent strea m ing cond iti o ns (e.g .the u ser'sn et w o rk bandwid thand C P U  capacity) in r e al timeand ad justin g the
 abundant_and well_dispersed Zn element, which_further facilitates_electron_transfer at_TiO2_layer. Meanwhile, the_electron lifetime in_ZnO+2 l+TiCl4 is the_longest. Consequently, the_overall_energy conversion efficiency of the cell with ZnO+2 l+TiCl4 is significantly enhanced to 8.9%,_which_is 8.8%_higher_than_that with pure TiCl4 post-treatment_and 17.7% higher than that_without any_treatment.
An article titled “Fabrication of TiO2 nanotube film_by_well-aligned ZnO nanorod_array film and sol-gel process” by J Qiu et_al. published in Thin Solid Films_(2007), Volume: 515,_Issue:_5,_Pages: 2897-2902 discloses high_density TiO2 nanotube film with hexagonal_shape and narrow size distribution which_was fabricated by templating ZnO nanorod array_film and sol-gel process. Well-aligned ZnO_nanorod array films obtained by_aqueous solution_method were used as template_to synthesize ZnO/TiO2_core-shell structure_through sol-gel process._Subsequently, TiO2 nanotube array films survived_by removing the_ZnO nanorod cores using wet-chemical etching._Polycrystalline_anatase TiO2 nanotube_films_were_similar to_1.5 μm long_and_similar to_100_nm in inter diameter with a_wall_thickness of similar to 10 nm.
Inspite of_the above disclosures in_the_art for chemical conversion_into micro-to-nanostructured materials, while preserving_the macroscopic-to-microscopic preform morphologies, chemical transformation_of ZnO_mesostructures to_TiO2 mesostructures using simple chemical treatment is however not explored hitherto.
In_the context of the importance of_applications of shape controlled_metal oxides_in_electro-optics, photovoltaics etc._the_present invention_lays emphasis in providing shape preserving chemical_transformation of_ZnO mesostructures to TiO2 mesostructures using_simple chemical treatment. The_term_streaming media describes the playback of_media on a playback device, where_the media is stored on_a_server_and continuously sent to the_playback device over a network during_playback. Typically, the_playback device stores a sufficient quantity of_media_in a buffer at any given_time_during playback to prevent disruption of_playback_due_to the playback device completing_playback of all the buffered media_prior to receipt of the next portion of media._Adaptive bit rate_streaming or adaptive streaming involves_detecting_the_present streaming conditions (e.g. the user's network bandwidth and CPU_capacity) in_real time and_adjusting the