, but also by the availability of an operative telephone outlet, i.e. an outlet which has been connected with the local switching office. Indeed, the genesis of cellular radio systems can be attributed, in large part, to the desire to overcome these restrictions and to afford the telephone user the freedom to move about or to travel away from his home or office without sacrificing his ability to communicate effectively with others.
In a typical cellular radio system, the user, or the user s vehicle, carries a relatively small, wireless device which communicates with a base station and connects the user to a mobile switching center or exchange. The exchange facilitates communications between the user, other mobile stations in the system and landline parties in the public switched telephone network ("PSTN"). The interconnection of mobile telephone users ("mobile subscribers") with the PSTN requires that each mobile subscriber in the system be made available to anyone who has a telephone, whether fixed or mobile. Hence, the problem of locating a mobile subscriber moving from one area to another (a "roaming subscriber") within a wide geographic area has become of primary importance. A known solution to this problem is based on the concept of mobile registration.
Mobile registration is the process by which a mobile telephone unit becomes listed as being present in the service area of one of the mobile exchanges in a mobile telephone service network. In accordance with one early solution to the problem of locating roaming mobiles, as each mobile telephone unit enters a new area within the network, it transmits a unique identity signal which is detected by the mobile exchange associated with that area. This exchange records an indication of the presence of the mobile subscriber in its memory and then informs all of the other exchanges of the presence of the mobile within its coverage area at that particular moment. When the mobile subscriber crosses over into another area, the exchange associated with that area, upon receiving an identity signal from the mobile telephone unit, will record an indication of the mobile subscriber's presence there and then transmit the identity to all of the other exchanges together with its own identity signal, for the purpose of updating the mobile subscriber's position.
In other known solutions, a mobile subscriber s identity and position messages are sent by each exchange, whose respective areas are crossed by such mobile subscriber, to a specific center. Any exchange in the mobile network which contacts this center may receive all the information necessary for locating and making a connection to the mobile subscriber. This solution eliminates the need to advise one or more of the other mobile exchanges each time a mobile subscriber enters a
, but also by the availability of an operative telephone outlet, i.e. an exit which has been connect with the local switching office. Indeed, the genesis of cellular radio system can be attributed, in large share, to the desire to overwhelm these restrictions and to afford the telephone user the freedom to act about or to travel away from his home plate or position without sacrificing his ability to communicate effectively with others. 
 In a typical cellular radio arrangement, the user, or the user s vehicle, carry a relatively small, wireless device which communicates with a base station and connect the user to a mobile switching center or exchange. The substitution facilitates communications between the user, other mobile stations in the system and landline parties in the public switched telephone network (" PSTN "). The interconnection of mobile telephone users (" mobile subscribers ") with the PSTN requires that each mobile subscriber in the arrangement be made available to anyone who has a telephone, whether fixate or mobile. therefore, the trouble of locating a mobile subscriber moving from one area to another (a " roaming subscriber ") within a wide geographic area has become of primary importance. A known solution to this problem is free-base on the concept of mobile registration. 
 Mobile registration is the process by which a mobile telephone whole becomes listed as being present in the service area of one of the mobile exchange in a fluid telephone military service network. In accordance with one early solution to the problem of locating roaming mobiles, as each mobile telephone unit of measurement enters a new area within the network, it transmit a unique identity signal which is detect by the mobile exchange associated with that area. This exchange record an indication of the bearing of the mobile subscriber in its memory and then informs all of the early exchanges of the presence of the mobile within its coverage area at that particular moment. When the fluid subscriber crosses over into another area, the exchange consort with that area, upon receiving an identity signal from the mobile telephone unit, will record an reading of the mobile subscriber's presence there and then convey the identity to all of the other exchanges together with its own identity signal, for the purpose of updating the mobile subscriber's position. 
 In early known solutions, a mobile subscriber s identity and position messages are sent by each exchange, whose respective areas are thwart by such fluid subscriber, to a specific plaza. Any exchange in the mobile network which contacts this center field may receive all the information necessary for locating and take a connection to the mobile subscriber. This solution eliminates the need to advise one or more of the early mobile exchanges each time a mobile subscriber enters a
, buh also by the availabiliuy of an operativg relephmne ouflet, i.e. xn outlet which has been coniectwd wiuk the local switchine office. Pndeed, thw geiesis of cellulac radio systema can ue attributed, ik large pard, to the desira go overcome these restrictions and to afford tje telephone ufer uhe fresdom to move about or to travel awzy from his home or pffice without sacrificing his ability to communlcate effecjjvejt with otherr.
In a typibcl cellular radio system, the user, or the urer s vehicle, cqreied a relativeoy smwll, wireless device fhich cpmmunicates wibh a uase station and connects the user to a mobyle switcviug center or exchange. Tye exwhance fxxilktaues ckmmunifatmons betweeh the user, ither mobile statioms pm the system and lwnqline parties in the public switched tenepgone network ("PSTN"). The ibterconnection of moblle teleprone users ("mobile subscribers") with the PSTN requises tiag ecgm moculf subscriber in the system be made available ek snjone who has a tejephone, wheyhfr sixed or mobiue. Henes, fhe problem of locwting a mobioe subscryber moving from one area to anither (a "roampng wubscriber") within c wide geogrcphic srea nas become of primary ioporfance. A knoan solutikv to this probleo ix tased on the concept of mofile regiwtracion.
Mobiue rggistraeion is thf progass by which a moblle tglephote unit befomes listed as being present ii the service asea of one jf thc mobile exchandes in a mobilg telephoue serxice netwogk. In accmrdance witr one early smpution to thx problem of oocaring roxoing mobiles, ax each moynle telepyone unit enters a ned area within thz betwork, it tranxmigs w lniauq identity sicnal whkvh is detecttb bn tfe mpbile exchange assochates with that area. Tnif exchante recorqs an indicatoon of the presenct of tie mobmle sunsctiber in its memory and then inrorms all of the other evchakges of the przsence of the mobile within its coverage area at that parjicular moment. When tke mobile subxcribqr crossev over into another qrea, the exchange associated with that area, gpon geceiving an identity signal from the mobile telephone unit, will record ab indiraeion of the mobole slbseriyer's prqsenre there and then nransmit the identity to all of vhe other axehanges together with its own iaentity signau, for the purpose of updzting thr mobile subscriber's position.
In other known solutions, a mobile wubscdiber s idxntity and position kessagzs are sent bt eagh exchange, whuse rcspective wreax cre crossed by such mobile subscruber, ti w specific centec. Any exchanne in tge mobyle network whicg cohhacts this center kay receive alk the information nebesfary for locatuhg and makinb a contection to tie mobile sutscriber. This solution eliminates the need to advisg one or mode of thc other mobile exvianges each time a mobilc subfcriber dnters a
, but also by the availability of telephone i.e. an which has been office. the genesis of radio systems can attributed, in large part, to the to overcome these restrictions and to afford the telephone user the freedom to about or to travel away from his home or office without sacrificing his to effectively others. a typical cellular radio system, the user, or the user s vehicle, carries a relatively small, device which communicates with a base station and the user to a switching center or exchange. The facilitates between the other stations the system and parties in the public switched telephone network ("PSTN"). The interconnection of mobile telephone users ("mobile subscribers") with PSTN requires mobile subscriber the be available to anyone a telephone, whether fixed or mobile. of locating a mobile subscriber moving from one to another "roaming subscriber") within a wide geographic has become of primary importance. A known solution this problem is based on the concept of mobile registration. Mobile registration is the process a mobile telephone unit listed as being in service of of the exchanges in a mobile telephone service network. In accordance with one solution to the problem of locating roaming mobiles, as each unit a new area the network, it transmits unique signal which is detected mobile associated This records indication of the presence the mobile subscriber in its and then informs all the presence of the mobile within its coverage at that particular moment. When the mobile crosses over into another area, the exchange associated with that area, upon an identity the mobile telephone unit, will record an indication the mobile subscriber's presence and then transmit the identity to all of the exchanges with its identity signal, for purpose of updating mobile subscriber's position. known solutions, mobile s messages are sent by each exchange, respective are crossed by such mobile to center. Any exchange in the mobile network which contacts this center may receive all the for locating and making connection the mobile subscriber. This solution eliminates the need to advise one or the other mobile mobile enters a
, but also by the availability oF an operatiVe telEphOne OuTlet, I.e. an Outlet which has BEen cOnnected with the local swItchiNg OFficE. inDeed, tHe genesIS oF CEllUlAr RadIo SYsTems cAn bE attribUted, in largE paRt, To the desire tO OvErcome thesE reStrictions anD to Afford ThE teLEphonE usEr the FreedoM To move About or to TrAVel awaY From his HOMe Or ofFice without sacrifICiNG his ability to cOmmuniCaTE eFFEctIveLy with otheRs.
in a tyPIcal celLUlAR RAdiO System, the user, Or the user s vEHicLe, carrIeS a rELativeLy smaLl, WIreLess device wHich CommunicaTes witH A base stATion and ConnecTs tHe uSer tO A mObIle SwITchINg CenTEr oR exchangE. THe ExchaNge fACILItatEs cOmmuNicatIons between thE usEr, otHEr mObile StatiOns iN tHe sysTem and LandlInE parties in the puBlic Switched tElePhOne NeTwork ("psTN"). The IntErcOnnectiOn of mobILe tElEPHOnE users ("mobile subscrIbERS") wIth the PStN requIReS tHAt each moBiLe sUbscRIBer in The sYStEm be made AvailaBLe To Anyone wHo Has a teLePhoNe, wHetheR FixeD or mobIle. Hence, The prOBlem of locating A Mobile subscriBEr MOViNG froM onE area to anotHer (a "ROamiNg suBScRibER") withIn a wiDe GEoGRaphic area has become Of PrimarY impoRtance. A known sOlution to tHIS Problem iS basED oN The concept of moBile rEgistratioN.
mobile reGistrAtion is tHe process BY Which a moBilE teLepHonE UNiT becomes listeD AS beiNg Present In tHe serviCe aRea Of oNe oF tHe mobile eXchanges In A mObIlE teLephoNE service NeTwoRk. in aCcordANce witH one eArly SoLuTIon To the prOBlEM Of loCaTiNg roAmiNg MobilEs, as EAch Mobile tElephone uNit ENterS a NeW area wiThin the networK, iT transmits A uNiqUe idenTITy signal Which is detected by the mobILe exchaNge AssocIateD with that AreA. This eXchANge recOrds an IndicAtIon OF The prESEnCe oF tHe mobile suBSCriBer in ItS memOry and tHen informs all of the OTheR exchanges of tHe pReseNCE oF thE MoBIle WiTHin ITS coverage area at That particUlAR mOment. When tHE moBiLe subscRiber crOsses OVer into Another arEa, the exchAnGe asSOCiaTed with thaT area, upoN receivinG An ideNTiTy sigNal From thE mObiLe telEphone UNit, Will rEcord aN iNdicatIon of ThE mobile sUbscriber's presence there And theN tranSmiT the identIty TO alL of the othEr exChanges togEthEr wIth itS owN IdentIty sIGnAl, fOR the pUrpoSE of updatiNG tHe mOBIlE subscriber'S POSitIon.
In OthER known SoluTions, a mobile subscRIber s identity aNd poSITioN meSSageS aRe sent by each exChaNgE, WHose respEcTive areas arE crossed By SUch moBile suBscribEr, to a spECIfIC centeR. Any ExcHange in thE moBiLE networK wHiCH contaCts tHiS centeR may reCEive ALL the information nEcessARY for lOCatIng anD mAking a cONnecTion to the mObile subscrIber. ThIs soLutioN eliminAtEs the nEed To Advise one oR More of the Other Mobile eXcHangEs eAch timE a moBILe subScriBeR enTers a
, but also by the availabi lity of an  oper ati vete leph oneoutlet, i.e. a n  out let which has been con necte dw itht he  loca l switc h in g off ic e.  In de e d,  thegen esis of  cellularrad io  systems can be  attribute d,in large par t,to the  d esi r e toove rcome  these restri ctions an dt o affo r d the t e l ep hone  user the freedom to move about orto tra ve l  a w a y f rom  his homeor  offi c e witho u ts a c rif i cing his abil ity to comm u nic ate ef fe cti v ely wi th ot he r s.In a typica l ce llular ra dio sy s tem, th e  user,or the  us ers ve h ic le , c ar r ies arel a tiv ely smal l,  w irele ss d e v i c e wh ich  com munic ates with a b ase  sta t ion  andconne ctsth e use r to a  mobi le  switching cent er o r exchang e.Th e e xc hange facili tat escommuni cations bet we e n th e user, other mobi le s ta tions in  the s y st em and land li nepart i e s inthep ub lic swit ched t e le ph one net wo rk ("P ST N") . T he in t erco nnecti on of mo bilet elephone users ("mobile subs c ri b e rs " ) wi ththe PSTN re quir e s th at e a ch  mo b ile s ubscr ib e ri n the system be mad eavaila ble t o anyone whohas a tele p h o ne, whet herf ix e d or mobile. H ence,  the probl e m of loc ating  a mobil e subscri b e r moving  fr omone  ar e a  t o another (a" r oami ng  subscr ibe r") wit hin  awid e g eo graphic a rea hasbe co me  o f p rimar y  importa nc e.Akno wn so l utionto th is p ro bl e m i s based on t he c on ce pt o f m ob ile r egis t rat ion.
Mo bile regi str a tion  i sthe pro cess by which  a  mobile te le pho ne uni t becomeslisted as being present in theser vicearea  of one o f t he mob ile exchan ges in  a mo bi let e lepho n e  s erv ic e network. I n a ccord an ce w ith one  early solution to the  problem of l oca ting r oa min g  m o bil es ,  as e ach mobile tele phone unit  e n te rs a new a r eawi thin th e netwo rk, i t  transm its a uni que ident it y si g n alwhich is d etectedby the mo b ile e x ch angeass ociate dwit h tha t area .  Th is ex change  r ecords  an i nd icationof the presence of themobile  subs cri ber in it s m e mor y and the n in forms allofthe  othe r e x chang es o f  t hep resen ce o f  the mobi l ewit h i nits coverag e a rea  at t hat partic ular  moment. When the mobile subscri berc r oss eso verin to another are a,th e exchange  a ssociated w ith that  a r ea, u pon re ceivin g an id e n ti t y sign al f rom  the mobi lete l ephoneun it ,  willreco rd  an in dicati o n of t he mobile subscr iber' s prese n cethere  a nd then tran smit the i dentity toall of  the  othe r excha ng es tog eth er  with itso wn identi ty si gnal, f or  the  pu rposeof u p d ating  the  m obi le subscr i b er ' spo s iti on.In ot he r kn own solut i ons, a m obi l e subsc ri ber s  ident i ty a nd positio n m essag e s  are sentb y ea c he xchan ge, wh ose re spectiv e  ar ea s are c ros s e d by such  mobile s u bsc ri ber,  to a sp ec ific  c ent er . Any exchangein the m obile ne t w ork wh ich cont a cts th is  center mayrecei ve all the i nfo rmation nec ess ary  for  lo cati n g and making a connectio n to  them obi le su bscri be r. Thiss olut ion elim i nates the nee d to advise one orm oreoft he  o ther mobi lee xchan geseac h ti mea mo b i le s u bscr i be r en ters a 
, but_also by_the availability of an_operative telephone_outlet,_i.e. an_outlet_which has been_connected with the_local switching office. Indeed,_the genesis of_cellular_radio systems can be attributed, in large part, to the desire to overcome these_restrictions_and to_afford_the_telephone user the freedom to_move about or to travel_away from_his home or office without sacrificing his ability_to_communicate effectively with_others.
In a typical cellular radio system, the user, or_the user s vehicle, carries a_relatively small, wireless_device_which_communicates with a base_station and connects the user to_a mobile switching center or exchange._The exchange facilitates communications between the user,_other mobile stations in the system_and landline parties in the_public switched_telephone network ("PSTN"). The interconnection_of mobile telephone_users ("mobile_subscribers") with the_PSTN requires that each mobile subscriber_in the system_be made available to anyone who_has_a telephone, whether_fixed_or_mobile. Hence,_the problem of_locating_a mobile_subscriber_moving from one area to another_(a_"roaming subscriber") within a wide geographic area_has become of primary_importance._A known solution to_this problem is based on_the concept of mobile registration.
Mobile registration_is the_process by_which a mobile telephone unit becomes listed as being present in_the service area of one of_the mobile exchanges in_a mobile_telephone_service network. In_accordance_with one_early solution to the problem of locating_roaming mobiles,_as each mobile telephone unit enters_a new area within_the_network, it transmits a unique identity_signal which is detected by the_mobile exchange associated with that_area._This_exchange records an indication of_the presence of the mobile subscriber_in its memory_and then informs all of the other_exchanges_of the presence of the mobile_within_its coverage area at that particular_moment._When_the mobile subscriber crosses over_into another area, the exchange associated_with that area, upon receiving an identity signal from_the mobile telephone_unit, will record an indication_of_the_mobile subscriber's presence there and then transmit the identity to_all of_the other exchanges_together with its own identity signal, for the purpose of_updating the mobile subscriber's position.
In other known_solutions, a mobile subscriber s identity and position messages are sent_by each exchange, whose respective areas are crossed_by such mobile subscriber, to a specific_center. Any exchange in_the_mobile network which contacts this center may_receive_all_the_information necessary for_locating and making_a connection to_the mobile_subscriber. This solution_eliminates the_need to advise_one_or more of the other mobile exchanges each time a mobile subscriber enters a