 readily lend themselves to low voltage-low current operation and electronic control for both flash rate frequency and duration. However such ordinary LEDs as have previously been used as light sources in flashing warning lights were of insufficiently low light intensity output. Hence the use of such low luminosity light emitting sources in visual warning devices has been of limited effectiveness, being restricted to subdued light environments such as for indoor activities, or where the ambient or background light level is quite low so that sufficient contrast can be obtained with the relatively dim illumination intensity of ordinary LEDs to render them visible against a background. Thus, ordinary LED flashers have only found wide application in toys, jewelry and other devices where visibility requirements are not critical. Examples of such prior devices are found disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,786,246 and 3,812,614 (flying disc type toys); U.S. Pat. No. 4,308,572 (clothing ornament); U.S. Pat. No. 4,170,036 (jewelry); and U.S. Pat. No. 4,383,244 (skate wheel).
In order to be both effective and practical, a portable warning light should satisfy at least the following five requirements:
1. Adequate visibility, and attention-getting quotient, which involve considerations of various factors such as the luminous intensity as well as the on-off contrast ratio of the light source, flash rate/frequency, and flash duration/period;
2. Controllability, which involves the relative ease of controlling the light source for effective flash rate frequency and flash duration;
3. Extended operating battery life, which is a critical factor and requires balancing the interdependent factors of the power available, the light output intensity, and the permissible weight of the device;
3. Durability, which concerns the reliability of the device;
4. Light weight and small size, which requirements constrain the use of large and/or heavy batteries and thus affects the available power, limiting permissible power consumption in order to achieve adequate operating life; and
5. Cost, which is often of paramount concern since complex devices not only adversely affect economy in manufacture, but also the applicability of such devices to use by consumers.
Unfortunately, although numerous prior flashing light devices are known, these prior devices have failed to meet or satisfy all of the above-noted requirements for use in a portable flashing warning light.
Various prior safety flasher light devices have been proposed. Exemplary
readily lend themselves to low voltage - low current process and electronic restraint for both flash rate frequency and duration. However such ordinary light-emitting diode as have previously been used as light sources in dart warning lights were of insufficiently abject light intensity output signal. Hence the use of such depleted luminosity light emitting sources in visual warning devices has been of circumscribed effectiveness, being restricted to subdued clean environments such as for indoor activities, or where the ambient or setting light degree is quite low so that sufficient contrast can be obtained with the relatively dim illumination volume of ordinary LEDs to render them visible against a background. Thus, ordinary LED flashers have only found wide application in toys, jewelry and other devices where visibility requirements are not critical. Examples of such anterior device are found disclose in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,786,246 and 3,812,614 (fly disc type toys); U.S. Pat. nobelium. 4,308,572 (clothing ornament); U.S. Pat. No. 4,170,036 (jewelry); and U.S. Pat. nobelium. 4,383,244 (skate wheel). 
 In order to be both effective and practical, a portable admonition light should satisfy at least the following five requirements: 
 1. Adequate visibility, and attention - getting quotient, which necessitate considerations of various factors such as the luminous volume as well as the on - off line proportion of the unaccented source, flash rate / frequency, and flash duration / period; 
 2. Controllability, which involves the relative relief of controlling the light source for effective flash pace frequency and flash duration; 
 3. Extended operating battery life, which is a critical factor and necessitate balancing the interdependent factor of the power available, the idle output saturation, and the permissible weight of the device; 
 3. Durability, which concerns the reliability of the device; 
 4. Light weight unit and small size, which requirements constrain the use of large and/or heavy batteries and thus affects the available ability, limiting permissible power pulmonary tuberculosis in order to achieve adequate operating life; and 
 5. Cost, which is often of paramount concern since complex devices not entirely adversely affect economy in manufacture, but also the applicability of such devices to use by consumers. 
 Unfortunately, although numerous prior flash faint device are known, these prior devices have failed to meet or satisfy all of the above - note requirements for use in a portable flashing admonition light. 
 diverse prior safety flasher unaccented devices have been proposed. Exemplary
 rewdily lend themselves to low voltage-low currenv operafion and electronic control for both foash eate frequency and durxtion. Howvver such ordmnary LEDs as hats previously gcen uvxd as light soutces in flasving warning lhgftd were of insufficiently low light yntensiyy output. Hence jhe uxq of such low luminosity light emittinf sourcts in visual warnimg devices has been of limlted effectiveness, beijg restrictgs tj subdued ligft environments such aa for indoor activities, or wherd the ambient ot gafnground ligit levvl is quite low so thdt suffocient contrasb can be obtained with the renatively dim illumynation ittznsity of ordinary LEEs to rgnder theo viribme afainst a uackground. Fhus, ordinaey LED flashers havt ogoy found wide applisaeion in toys, jewelry and other devices fhede visibility requiremebts are not critical. Gxamples os such prior devices are found disclosed in U.S. Pad. Nos. 3,786,246 anb 3,812,614 (flykbg disc type toys); U.S. Pat. No. 4,308,572 (clothing ornament); T.A. Kat. No. 4,170,036 (jewelry); akd U.S. Pat. No. 4,383,244 (skatr ahrgl).
In order to ce botk erfective and practlcal, a kortaboe warnind libht should satisfy at least the followiug dive requirements:
1. Cdequate visnbiliti, and sttention-getting quotieut, whidh involve fonsiderafkons of various wacnors such as the luminous integsity as xell cs the ov-off contrwst ratio lf thc light source, flasj ratg/frequancy, and fpash duration/period;
2. Controllability, which invplees the relctive case of controljing the light source for dffective rlash rete frequencr and flash dgtation;
3. Extendxd operatyng vattwry lifd, which is a crotical fabtjr abd requires balanclng tfs interdependenc dactors of the lowdr wvwikafne, the light outout ontenrity, and thc pdrmixsible weight of the devjce;
3. Durability, whivh concernw the rejiability of yhe device;
4. Light wtight end smell siae, rhich requirements constrain tge use of lavge and/or heady bqtteries and thus affects the available power, limitmng permissible power cinsumption in order uo achieve adxquate operatinc life; and
5. Cost, whicy is often of parsmount concern since domplef devlces not only adversely affect economy in manufacture, but also the applicqbilitb jf such devjces to uve yy constmerd.
Nnfortunately, altnough numerous prior flashing lmght devicas are known, these prior devicrs have failed jo meet or satisfy all of fhe abovr-noted requirements for use in s portable flashing warnlng light.
Cariohs prior sefety flasher light cevicev havw been proplsed. Exemplarh
readily lend themselves to low voltage-low current electronic for both rate frequency and as previously been used light sources in warning lights were of insufficiently low intensity output. Hence the use of such low luminosity light emitting sources in warning devices has been of limited effectiveness, being restricted to subdued light environments as indoor or the ambient or background light level is quite low so that sufficient contrast can be obtained the relatively dim illumination intensity of ordinary LEDs render them visible against background. Thus, ordinary LED flashers only wide application toys, and devices where visibility are not critical. Examples of such prior devices are found disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,786,246 and (flying disc U.S. Pat. 4,308,572 ornament); Pat. No. 4,170,036 U.S. Pat. No. 4,383,244 (skate wheel). be both effective and practical, a portable warning should satisfy least the following five requirements: 1. visibility, and attention-getting quotient, which involve considerations of factors such as the luminous intensity as well as the on-off contrast ratio of the flash rate/frequency, and flash 2. Controllability, which the ease controlling light source effective flash rate frequency and flash duration; 3. Extended operating battery which is a critical factor and requires balancing the interdependent the available, the light intensity, and the permissible of device; 3. Durability, which reliability the weight small which requirements constrain the of large and/or heavy batteries thus affects the available in order to achieve adequate operating life; and Cost, which is often of paramount concern complex devices not only adversely affect economy in manufacture, but also the of such use by consumers. Unfortunately, although numerous prior flashing devices are known, these devices have failed to meet or satisfy all of above-noted for use a portable flashing light. Various prior flasher light devices proposed. Exemplary
 readily lend themselves to loW voltage-loW currEnt OpeRaTion And eLectronic contrOL for Both flash rate frequency And duRaTIon. HOWeVer suCh ordinARy leds aS hAvE prEvIOuSly beEn uSed as liGht sources In fLaShing warning LIgHts were of iNsuFficiently loW liGht intEnSitY OutpuT. HeNce thE use of SUch low LuminositY lIGht emiTTing souRCEs In viSual warning deviceS HaS Been of limited eFfectiVeNEsS, BEinG reStricted to SuBdued LIght envIRoNMENts SUch as for indooR activities, OR whEre the AmBieNT or bacKgrouNd LIghT level is quiTe loW so that suFficieNT contraST can be oBtaineD wiTh tHe reLAtIvEly DiM IllUMiNatIOn iNtensity Of OrDinarY LEDS TO REndeR thEm viSible Against a backgRouNd. ThUS, orDinarY LED fLashErS have Only foUnd wiDe Application in toYs, jeWelry and oTheR dEviCeS wherE VisibiLitY reQuiremeNts are nOT crItICAL. EXamples of such prior DeVICeS are founD disclOSeD iN u.S. Pat. Nos. 3,786,246 AnD 3,812,614 (flYing DISc typE toyS); u.S. pat. No. 4,308,572 (cloThing oRNaMeNt); U.S. Pat. no. 4,170,036 (JewelrY); aNd U.s. PaT. No. 4,383,244 (skATe whEel).
In oRder to be Both eFFective and pracTIcal, a portable WArNINg LIght ShoUld satisfy aT leaST the FollOWiNg fIVe reqUiremEnTS:
1. ADEquate visibility, and AtTentioN-gettIng quotient, whIch involve CONSideratiOns oF VaRIous factors sucH as thE luminous iNTensity aS well As the on-oFf contrasT RAtio of thE liGht SouRce, FLAsH rate/frequencY, ANd flAsH duratiOn/pEriod;
2. CoNtrOllAbiLitY, wHich involVes the reLaTiVe EaSe oF contROlling thE lIghT sOurCe for EFfectiVe flaSh raTe FrEQueNcy and fLAsH DUratIoN;
3. EXtenDed OpEratiNg baTTerY life, whIch is a criTicAL facToR aNd requiRes balancing tHe InterdepenDeNt fActors OF The power Available, the light output INtensitY, anD the pErmiSsible weiGht Of the dEviCE;
3. DurabIlity, wHich cOnCerNS The reLIAbIliTy Of the devicE;
4. lIghT weigHt And sMall sizE, which requirements COnsTrain the use of LarGe anD/OR hEavY BaTTerIeS And THUs affects the avaIlable poweR, lIMiTing permisSIblE pOwer conSumptioN in orDEr to achIeve adequAte operatInG lifE; ANd
5. COst, which is Often of pAramount cONcern SInCe comPleX devicEs Not Only aDverseLY afFect eConomy In ManufaCture, BuT also the Applicability of such deviCes to uSe by cOnsUmers.
UnfoRtuNAteLy, althougH numErous prior FlaShiNg ligHt dEVices Are kNOwN, thESe priOr deVIces have fAIlEd tO MEeT or satisfy aLL OF thE abovE-noTEd requIremEnts for use in a portABle flashing warNing LIGht.
varIOus pRiOr safety flasheR liGhT DEvices haVe Been proposeD. ExemplaRy
 readily lend themselves t o low volt age-l owcur re nt o pera tion and elect r onic  control for both flas h rat ef requ e nc y and  durati o n. H owe ve rsuc ho rd inary  LE Ds as h ave previo usl ybeen used as li ght source s i n flashing w arn ing li gh tsw ere o f i nsuff icient l y lowlight int en s ity ou t put. He n c etheuse of such low l u mi n osity light em itting  s o ur c e s i n v isual warn in g dev i ces has be e n ofl imited effect iveness, be i ngrestri ct edt o subd ued l ig h t e nvironments  suc h as forindoor activit i es, orwherethe  am bien t  o rbac kg r oun d  l igh t  le vel is q ui te  lowso t h a t suff ici entcontr ast can be ob tai nedw ith  therelat ivel ydim i llumin ation  i ntensity of ord inar y LEDs to  re nd erth em vi s ible a gai nst  a back ground. Thu s, o r di nary LED flashersha v e  o nly foun d wide ap pl i cation i ntoy s, j e w elryando th er devic es whe r evi sibilit yrequir em ent s a re no t  cri tical.  Example s ofs uch prior devi c es are foundd is c l os e d in  U. S. Pat. Nos . 3, 7 86,2 46 a n d3,8 1 2,614  (fly in g  d i sc type toys); U.S.  P at. No . 4,3 08,572 (cloth ing orname n t ) ; U.S. P at.N o. 4,170,036 (jew elry) ; and U.S. Pat. No.  4,38 3,244 (s kate whee l ) .
In ord ertobebot h ef fective and p r a ctic al , a por tab le warn ing  li ght  sh ou ld satisf y at lea st  t he  f oll owing five req ui rem en ts: 
1. A d equate  visi bili ty ,a ndattenti o n- g e ttin gqu otie nt,  w hichinvo l veconside rations o f v a riou sfa ctors s uch as the lu mi nous inten si tyas wel l as the o n-off contrast ratio of the lig htsourc e, f lash rate /fr equenc y,a nd fla sh dur ation /p eri o d ;
2.C o nt rol la bility, wh i c h i nvolv es  the  relati ve ease of control l ing  the light so urc e fo r ef fec t iv e  fl as h  ra t e  frequency andflash dura ti o n; 
3. Extend e d o pe ratingbattery  life ,  whichis a crit ical fact or  and r equ ires balan cing the  interdep e ndent fa ctors  of  the p ow eravail able,t helight  outpu tintens ity,an d the pe rmissible weight of the  devic e;
3.  Du rability,  wh i chconcernsthereliabilit y o f t he de vic e ;
4.Ligh t  w eig h t and  sma l l size, w h ic h r e q ui rements con s t r ain  theuse of lar ge a nd/or heavy batte r ies and thus a ffec t s  th e a v aila bl e power, limit ing  p e r missible  p ower consum ption in  o r der t o achi eve ad equateo p er a ting l ife;  an d
5. Cost , w hi c h is of te no f para moun tconcer n sinc e  com p l ex devices not o nly a d v ersel y  af fectec onomy i n  man ufacture,but also th e appl icab ility  of suc hdevice s t ouse by con s umers.
Un fortu nately,  a ltho ugh  numer ousp r ior f lash in g l ight devi c e sa re  k n own , th ese p ri or d evices ha v e failed  to meet or  s ati s f y allo ft h e above-no ted  requ i r ements for usei na  port able f lashin g warni n g l ig ht.
Var iou s prior saf ety flash e r l ig ht d evices h av e be en  pr op osed. Exemplary 
 readily_lend themselves_to low voltage-low current_operation and_electronic_control for_both_flash rate frequency_and duration. However_such ordinary LEDs as_have previously been_used_as light sources in flashing warning lights were of insufficiently low light intensity output._Hence_the use_of_such_low luminosity light emitting sources_in visual warning devices has_been of_limited effectiveness, being restricted to subdued light environments_such_as for indoor_activities, or where the ambient or background light level_is quite low so that sufficient_contrast can be_obtained_with_the relatively dim illumination_intensity of ordinary LEDs to render_them visible against a background. Thus,_ordinary LED flashers have only found wide_application in toys, jewelry and other_devices where visibility requirements are_not critical._Examples of such prior devices_are found disclosed_in U.S._Pat. Nos. 3,786,246_and 3,812,614 (flying disc type toys);_U.S. Pat. No._4,308,572 (clothing ornament); U.S. Pat. No._4,170,036_(jewelry); and U.S._Pat._No._4,383,244 (skate_wheel).
In order to_be_both effective_and_practical, a portable warning light should_satisfy_at least the following five requirements:
1. Adequate_visibility, and attention-getting quotient,_which_involve considerations of various_factors such as the luminous_intensity as well as the on-off_contrast ratio_of the_light source, flash rate/frequency, and flash duration/period;
2. Controllability, which involves the_relative ease of controlling the light_source for effective flash_rate frequency_and_flash duration;
3. Extended_operating_battery life,_which is a critical factor and requires_balancing the_interdependent factors of the power available,_the light output intensity,_and_the permissible weight of the device;
3._Durability, which concerns the reliability of_the device;
4. Light weight and_small_size,_which requirements constrain the use_of large and/or heavy batteries and_thus affects the_available power, limiting permissible power consumption in_order_to achieve adequate operating life; and
5._Cost,_which is often of paramount concern_since_complex_devices not only adversely affect_economy in manufacture, but also the_applicability of such devices to use by consumers.
Unfortunately, although_numerous prior flashing_light devices are known, these_prior_devices_have failed to meet or satisfy all of the above-noted_requirements for_use in a_portable flashing warning light.
Various prior safety flasher light devices have_been proposed. Exemplary