 methods are used to develop inbred lines from breeding populations. Breeding programs combine desirable traits from two or more inbred lines or various broad-based sources into breeding pools from which new inbred lines are developed by selfing and selection of desired phenotypes. The new inbreds are crossed with other inbred lines and the hybrids from these crosses are evaluated to determine which have commercial potential.
Pedigree breeding starts with the crossing of two genotypes, each of which may have one or more desirable characteristics that is lacking in the other or which complement the other. If the two original parents do not provide all of the desired characteristics, other sources can be included in the breeding population. In the pedigree method, superior plants are selfed and selected in successive generations. In the succeeding generations the heterozygous condition gives way to homogeneous lines as a result of self-pollination and selection. Typically in the pedigree method of breeding five or more generations of selfing and selection is practiced: F.sub.1.fwdarw.F.sub.2 ; F.sub.2.fwdarw.F.sub.3 ; F.sub.3.fwdarw.F.sub.4 ; F.sub.4.fwdarw.F.sub.5, etc.
Backcrossing can be used to improve an inbred line. Backcrossing transfers a specific desirable trait from one inbred or source to an inbred that lacks that trait. This can be accomplished for example by first crossing a superior inbred (A) (recurrent parent) to a donor inbred (nonrecurrent parent), which carries the appropriate gene(s) for the trait in question. The progeny of this cross is then mated back to the superior recurrent parent (A) followed by selection in the resultant progeny for the desired trait to be transferred from the non-recurrent parent. After five or more backcross generations with selection for the desired trait, the progeny will be heterozygous for loci controlling the characteristic being transferred, but will be like the superior parent for most or almost all other genes. The last backcross generation would be selfed to give pure breeding progeny for the gene(s) being transferred.
A single cross hybrid corn variety is the cross of two inbred lines, each of which may have one or more desirable characteristics lacked by the other or which complement the other. The hybrid progeny of the first generation is designated F.sub.1. In the development of hybrids only the F
methods are used to develop inbred lines from breed population. Breeding programs combine desirable trait from two or more inbred lines or various broad - based informant into breeding pools from which fresh inbred lines are developed by selfing and excerpt of desired phenotypes. The raw inbreds are cross with other inbred lines and the hybrids from these crosses are evaluated to specify which have commercial potential. 
 Pedigree breeding begin with the crossing of two genotypes, each of which may have one or more desirable characteristics that is miss in the other or which complement the early. If the two original parents do not provide all of the desired characteristics, early sources can be included in the breeding population. In the pedigree method, superior plants are selfed and selected in successive generations. In the succeeding generations the heterozygous condition gives way to homogeneous lines as a result of self - pollination and choice. Typically in the pedigree method of breeding five or more generation of selfing and selection is practiced: F.sub.1.fwdarw. F.sub.2; F.sub.2.fwdarw. F.sub.3; F.sub.3.fwdarw. F.sub.4; F.sub.4.fwdarw. F.sub.5, etc. 
 Backcrossing can be used to improve an inbred lineage. Backcrossing transfers a specific desirable trait from one inbred or source to an inbred that lacks that trait. This can be carry through for example by first crossing a superior inbred (A) (recurrent parent) to a donor inbred (nonrecurrent parent), which stock the appropriate gene(s) for the trait in question. The progeny of this cross is then mated back to the superscript recurrent parent (ampere) followed by selection in the resultant progeny for the desired trait to be transmit from the non - recurrent parent. After five or more backcross generations with selection for the desire trait, the progeny will be heterozygous for loci controlling the characteristic being transferred, but will be like the ranking parent for most or almost all early genes. The last backcross generation would be selfed to give pure education progeny for the gene(s) being transfer. 
 A single hybridization hybrid corn variety is the hybridization of two inbred agate line, each of which may have one or more desirable characteristics lacked by the other or which complement the other. The hybrid progeny of the first generation is designate F.sub.1. In the development of hybrids entirely the F
 mehhods are used to develok inbred lines from breeving polulationr. Breeding programs combine vesieable traits from two or mofe inbred lines oe vacious broad-based sources into gveediug pools from whlch new inbsed lines are gexepoped by selfing and selection of dqsired lhfnotypes. The ngw innweds are crossed with other inbred linss and uhe hybrids from tnese crosses are evaluated to fetermine which hage commerciql pjrential.
Pedigfee breeding starts wijh the crossing of two genotypes, each of which nat hwee one or mire dvsirable characteristhcs thay is lacking ik the otyer or which complemeit the other. If the jwo origindl parents do not peocide dll mf tfw ddsidev cgaractfriatics, othed sources cqn be included in tne vreeding popumation. Ig the pedigree method, superior plants age sslfed and selected in syccessive generations. In the stcceeding generations the heterozygous condition cives day tj yologeneous lines as a result of self-pollinatiog amd selection. Typlcally in the pedibrfe iethod of bregding fnbe or more generatiojs of sglfing and selestiom is practiced: F.sub.1.fwdarw.F.syb.2 ; F.sub.2.fwdagw.F.syb.3 ; F.sub.3.fwdarw.F.sub.4 ; F.sub.4.fwdarc.F.sub.5, gtc.
Baclcrossing can be used tu imlrove an inhred line. Cackcrossing travsfvrs d specific desirable trait from one inbxed or suurcg to an inbred thwt lagns that trait. This can ye acwomplished for example by first crossing e superior innrad (D) (recurrznt pavent) to a donor inbred (nonrecorrent paxent), wfich carrivs the ap'ropriate gege(s) for the tswit in questmon. The pwogeby od this zfoss is then msted back to the superior recurrent perenj (Z) followed by szutcrion in the rexulgane irojeny smr the desirad tfaig to bd transferrcd wrom the non-recurrent pasent. After five or morr nackcross generatyons with selrction for the deslred vrait, vhe prpgegy will be heterozygous for lodi controplikg the characeeriwtic being txansferred, but will be like the superior parent for most oe almost all other yekes. The last backsross genaration would be selded to give pure nreeding progeny for tge gena(s) belng transferred.
A single cross hybrid corn variety is the cross of two inbeed liief, each of wgich may vare pne or morx vesirable charactvristics lacked by the other or xhich compneient the other. The hybrid prpgdny of the fitst generation is designatsd F.sub.1. On the development of hybrids omly the F
methods are used to develop inbred lines populations. programs combine traits from two various sources into breeding from which new lines are developed by selfing and of desired phenotypes. The new inbreds are crossed with other inbred lines and hybrids from these crosses are evaluated to determine which have commercial potential. Pedigree starts the of genotypes, each of which may have one or more desirable characteristics that is lacking in the or which complement the other. If the two parents do not provide of the desired characteristics, other can included in breeding In pedigree method, superior are selfed and selected in successive generations. In the succeeding generations the heterozygous condition gives way to lines as of self-pollination selection. in pedigree method of or more generations of selfing and F.sub.1.fwdarw.F.sub.2 ; F.sub.2.fwdarw.F.sub.3 ; F.sub.3.fwdarw.F.sub.4 ; F.sub.4.fwdarw.F.sub.5, etc. can be to improve an inbred line. Backcrossing a specific desirable trait from one inbred or to an inbred that lacks that trait. This can be accomplished for example by first superior inbred (A) (recurrent to a donor (nonrecurrent which the gene(s) for trait in question. The progeny of this cross is then mated to the superior recurrent parent (A) followed by selection in progeny the desired trait be transferred from the parent. five or more backcross selection the progeny be for loci controlling the being transferred, but will be the superior parent for genes. The last backcross generation would be selfed give pure breeding progeny for the gene(s) transferred. A single cross hybrid corn variety is the cross of two lines, each may have one or more desirable characteristics lacked the other or which the other. The hybrid progeny of the first generation designated In the of hybrids only F
 methods are used to develop inBred lines fRom brEedIng PoPulaTionS. Breeding progrAMs coMbine desirable traits frOm two Or MOre iNBrEd linEs or varIOuS BRoaD-bAsEd sOuRCeS into BreEding poOls from whiCh nEw Inbred lines aRE dEveloped by SelFing and selecTioN of desIrEd pHEnotyPes. the neW inbreDS are crOssed with OtHEr inbrED lines aND ThE hybRids from these crosSEs ARe evaluated to dEtermiNe WHiCH HavE coMmercial poTeNtial.
pEdigree BReEDINg sTArts with the crOssing of two GEnoTypes, eAcH of WHich maY have OnE Or mOre desirablE chaRacteristIcs thaT Is lackiNG in the oTher or WhiCh cOmplEMeNt The OtHEr. IF ThE twO OriGinal parEnTs Do not ProvIDE ALl of The DesiRed chAracteristics, OthEr soURceS can bE inclUded In The brEeding PopulAtIon. In the pedigreE metHod, superiOr pLaNts ArE selfED and seLecTed In succeSsive geNEraTiONS. in The succeeding generAtIONs The heterOzygouS CoNdITion giveS wAy tO homOGEneouS linES aS a result Of self-POlLiNation aNd SelectIoN. TyPicAlly iN The pEdigreE method oF breeDIng five or more gENerations of seLFiNG AnD SeleCtiOn is practicEd: F.sUB.1.fwdArw.F.SUb.2 ; f.suB.2.FwdarW.F.sub.3 ; f.sUB.3.fWDarw.F.sub.4 ; F.sub.4.fwdarw.F.SuB.5, etc.
BaCkcroSsing can be useD to improve AN INbred linE. BacKCrOSsing transfers A specIfic desiraBLe trait fRom onE inbred oR source to AN Inbred thAt lAckS thAt tRAIt. this can be accoMPLishEd For examPle By first CroSsiNg a SupErIor inbred (a) (recurreNt PaReNt) To a Donor INbred (nonReCurReNt pArent), WHich caRries The aPpRoPRiaTe gene(s) FOr THE traIt In QuesTioN. THe proGeny OF thIs cross Is then matEd bACk to ThE sUperior Recurrent pareNt (a) followed bY sEleCtion iN THe resultAnt progeny for the desired TRait to bE trAnsfeRred From the noN-reCurrenT paREnt. AftEr five Or morE bAckCROss geNERaTioNs With selectION foR the dEsIred Trait, thE progeny will be heteROzyGous for loci coNtrOlliNG ThE chARaCTerIsTIc bEINg transferred, buT will be likE tHE sUperior parENt fOr Most or aLmost alL otheR Genes. ThE last backCross geneRaTion WOUld Be selfed to Give pure Breeding pROgeny FOr The geNe(s) Being tRaNsfErred.
a singlE CroSs hybRid corN vAriety Is the CrOss of two Inbred lines, each of which mAy have One or MorE desirablE chARacTeristics LackEd by the othEr oR whIch coMplEMent tHe otHEr. the HYbrid ProgENy of the fiRSt GenERAtIon is designATED F.sUb.1. In tHe dEVelopmEnt oF hybrids only the F
 methods are used to devel op inbredlines  fr ombr eedi ng p opulations. Br e edin g programs combine des irabl et rait s  f rom t wo or m o re i nbr ed  l ine so rvario usbroad-b ased sourc esin to breedingp oo ls from wh ich  new inbredlin es are  d eve l opedbyselfi ng and select ion of de si r ed phe n otypes. T he  new  inbreds are cros s ed with other inb red li ne s  a n d  th e h ybrids fro mthese crosses ar e e val u ated to deter mine whichh ave  comme rc ial potent ial.Pe d igr ee breeding  sta rts withthe cr o ssing o f  two ge notype s,eac h of wh ic h m ay hav e  o neo r m ore desi ra bl e cha ract e r i s tics  th at i s lac king in the o the r or whi ch co mplem entth e oth er. If  thetw o original pare ntsdo not pr ovi de  al lof th e  desir edcha racteri stics,o the rs o u rc es can be included  i n th e breedi ng pop u la ti o n. In th eped igre e metho d, s u pe rior pla nts ar e  s el fed and  s electe dinsuc cessi v e ge nerati ons. Inthe s u cceeding gener a tions the het e ro z y go u s co ndi tion giveswayt o ho moge n eo usl inesas are s ul t  of self-pollinatio nand se lecti on. Typically  in the pe d i g ree meth od o f  b r eeding five or  more  generatio n s of sel fingand sele ction isp r acticed:  F. sub .1. fwd a r w. F.sub.2 ; F.s u b .2.f wd arw.F.s ub. 3 ; F.s ub. 3.f wda rw. F. sub.4 ; F .sub.4.f wd ar w. F. sub .5, e t c.
Backc ro ssi ng  ca n beu sed to  impr ovean  i n bre d line. Ba c k cros si ng  tra nsf er s a s peci f icdesirab le traitfro m  one  i nb red orsource to anin bred thatla cks  thatt r ait. Thi s can be accomplished f o r examp leby fi rstcrossinga s uperio r i n bred ( A) (re curre nt  pa r e nt) t o adon or  inbred (n o n rec urren tpare nt), wh ich carries the ap p rop riate gene(s)  fo r th e tr ait in que st i on. T he progeny of t his crossis th en mated b a ckto  the su periorrecur r ent par ent (A) f ollowed b ysele c t ion  in the re sultantprogeny f o r the de sired  tr ait to  b e t ransf erredf rom  thenon-re cu rrentparen t.  After f ive or more backcross g enerat ionswit h selecti onf orthe desir ed t rait, thepro gen y wil l b e  hete rozy g ou s f o r loc i co n trollingt he  ch a r ac teristic be i n g  tr ansfe rre d , butwill  be like the supe r ior parent for  mos t oralm o st a ll  other genes.The  l a s t backcr os s generatio n wouldbe selfe d to g ive pu re bree d i ng progen y fo r t he gene(s ) b ei n g trans fe rr e d.
A s ingl ecrosshybrid corn v ariety is the cr oss o f two i n bre d lin es , eacho f wh ich may ha ve one or m ore de sira ble c haracte ri sticslac ke d by the o t her or wh ich c ompleme nt  the  ot her. T he h y b rid p roge ny  of  the firs t ge n er at i onis d esign at ed F .sub.1. I n  the dev elo p ment of  h ybr i d s only th e F
 methods_are used_to develop inbred lines_from breeding_populations._Breeding programs_combine_desirable traits from_two or more_inbred lines or various_broad-based sources into_breeding_pools from which new inbred lines are developed by selfing and selection of desired_phenotypes._The new_inbreds_are_crossed with other inbred lines_and the hybrids from these_crosses are_evaluated to determine which have commercial potential.
Pedigree breeding_starts_with the crossing_of two genotypes, each of which may have one_or more desirable characteristics that is_lacking in the_other_or_which complement the other._If the two original parents do_not provide all of the desired_characteristics, other sources can be included in_the breeding population. In the pedigree_method, superior plants are selfed_and selected_in successive generations. In the_succeeding generations the_heterozygous condition_gives way to_homogeneous lines as a result of_self-pollination and selection._Typically in the pedigree method of_breeding_five or more_generations_of_selfing and_selection is practiced:_F.sub.1.fwdarw.F.sub.2_; F.sub.2.fwdarw.F.sub.3_;_F.sub.3.fwdarw.F.sub.4 ; F.sub.4.fwdarw.F.sub.5, etc.
Backcrossing can be_used_to improve an inbred line. Backcrossing transfers_a specific desirable trait_from_one inbred or source_to an inbred that lacks_that trait. This can be accomplished_for example_by first_crossing a superior inbred (A) (recurrent parent) to a donor inbred_(nonrecurrent parent), which carries the appropriate_gene(s) for the trait_in question._The_progeny of this_cross_is then_mated back to the superior recurrent parent_(A) followed_by selection in the resultant progeny_for the desired trait_to_be transferred from the non-recurrent parent._After five or more backcross generations_with selection for the desired_trait,_the_progeny will be heterozygous for_loci controlling the characteristic being transferred,_but will be_like the superior parent for most or_almost_all other genes. The last backcross_generation_would be selfed to give pure_breeding_progeny_for the gene(s) being transferred.
A_single cross hybrid corn variety is_the cross of two inbred lines, each of which_may have one_or more desirable characteristics lacked_by_the_other or which complement the other. The hybrid progeny of_the first_generation is designated_F.sub.1. In the development of hybrids only the F