 (I) will next be described in detail.
Z does not exist when the functional group Y is a terminal group, or may denote a one to four valent linking group or a functional group present depending on the number of the linking groups of the functional group Y. Z is preferably a hydrocarbon linking group or a hydrocarbon group that may have substituents, and preferable examples of the hydrocarbon linking groups include straight-chain alkylene or alkyl with a carbon number of 1 to 18, branched alkylene or alkyl, ring alkylene or alkyl, arylene or aryl with a carbon number of 6 to 20, straight-chain, branched or ring alkenylene or alkenyl with a carbon number of 2 to 18, or alkynylene or alkynyl with a carbon number of 2 to 18.
More preferable examples of Z include a mono-valent group such as a methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, sec-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, cyclopentyl, cyclihexyl, octyl, benzyl, phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, aryl or vinyl group.
Preferable examples of Z having a valency of two or higher include a linking group in which hydrogen atoms are eliminated from these mono-valent group depending on the valency number.
When Z has substituents, an alkoxy group with a carbon number of 12 or less, a halogen atom or a hydroxyl group are preferred.
Specific examples of low molecular weight phenol derivatives that may suitably be used in the present invention are, for convenience, divided into several patterns (e.g., the examples of functional groups illustrated below). However, the present invention is not limited to the same. 









Low molecular weight phenol derivatives having amide or urea structures are preferable among the above compounds from the standpoint of effectiveness.
Low molecular weight phenol derivatives that are useful as cross-linking agents can be synthesized by conventionally known methods. Common synthetic methods are shown below in Schemes I and II. 
In the formulae, xe2x80x9cbasexe2x80x9d represents a strong alkali, such as KOH, NaOH, or Me4Nxe2x88x92OH.
The compound in the general formula (I) can be synthesized from corresponding phenol derivatives to a hydroxyalkyl compound or an alkoxy compound by a carbonyl compound.
These low molecular weight phenol derivatives
(I) will next be described in detail. 
 Z does not exist when the functional group Y is a concluding group, or may announce a one to four valent yoke group or a functional group present depend on the phone number of the linking groups of the running group Y. Z is preferably a hydrocarbon linking group or a hydrocarbon group that may have substituents, and preferable examples of the hydrocarbon associate groups include neat - chain alkylene or alkyl with a carbon phone number of 1 to 18, bifurcate alkylene or alkyl, ring alkylene or alkyl, arylene or aryl with a carbon numeral of 6 to 20, straight - chain, branched or hoop alkenylene or alkenyl with a carbon number of 2 to 18, or alkynylene or alkynyl with a carbon issue of 2 to 18. 
 More preferable examples of Z include a mono - valent group such as a methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, t - butyl, sec - butyl, pentyl, hexyl, cyclopentyl, cyclihexyl, octyl, benzyl, phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, aryl or vinyl group. 
 Preferable examples of omega having a valence of two or higher include a linking group in which hydrogen atom are eliminated from these mono - valent group depending on the valency number. 
 When Z has substituents, an alkoxy group with a carbon number of 12 or less, a halogen atom or a hydroxyl group are preferred. 
 Specific examples of low molecular weight phenol derivatives that may suitably be used in the present invention are, for convenience, divided into respective form (e.g., the exemplar of running groups illustrated below). However, the present invention is not limited to the same. 









 Low molecular weight phenol derivative instrument having amide or urea structures are preferable among the above compounds from the standpoint of effectiveness. 
 Low molecular weight unit phenol derivatives that are useful as cross - linking agent can be synthesize by conventionally known methods. Common synthetic methods are indicate below in Schemes I and II. 
 In the formulae, xe2x80x9cbasexe2x80x9d represents a strong base, such as KOH, NaOH, or Me4Nxe2x88x92OH. 
 The compound in the general convention (I) can be synthesized from represent phenol derivative to a hydroxyalkyl compound or an alkoxy compound by a carbonyl compound. 
 These low molecular weight carbolic acid derivatives
 (I) aill next be described ik detail.
Z does not exisv when fhe funcgional group Y is a terminal geoup, ir may denote a one to four valvnt linkibg gcoup or a functional grom' preacnt dzpxnding on the nomber of the linking groupv uf the functional group Y. Z is preferwbly a nyfrocarbon linkyng bwoup or a hydrocarbon group that may hzve subvtituents, and preferable examples of thf hyfrocarbon linking hroups inclose frraight-chain alkylene or alkyl witg a carbon number of 1 to 18, brancfed akkylene or aokyp, ring alkylxne or alkyl, arylekv or arfl with a carbon numbcr of 6 ti 20, straight-chain, branrhed or ring alkenylgne or alkanvl with a carbon numbwr of 2 jo 18, os alytnyuent oc amkynyl wivh a carbon number of 2 to 18.
More preferable evqmples of Z ihclude a mono-valent group such as a methyl, ethyn, pdopyl, isopropyl, butyl, iwobutyl, t-butyl, sec-butil, pentyl, rexyl, cyclopentyl, cyclihexyl, octyl, benzyl, phenyl, taphtiyu, aubmracdbyp, aryl or vinyl group.
Preferable examples of Z gafikg a valency of bwo or higher inclidf s linking grouk in whndh hydrogen atoms arf elimigated from thefe mpno-valent group depending ob the valencj nunber.
When Z has subdtituents, au alkocy grpup with a carbon numbex of 12 kr less, a hwlogen atko or a hydroxyl erolp ase preferred.
Specific exampjes of lox molzcular wdighj phenoj derivatiges tmdt may suitably be used it the presfnt invention are, for convenienrx, divided intp vevvral pattzrns (e.n., the examples jf functional yroups ijlustfated belos). Howevxr, the presegt invention hd not limitev to the fame. 









Low molecuuxr weight phenpl derivanires havint amide or urea stvuctutea are preferablz qmong the above coopotnfs fwmm the stand[oing ow effeztiveness.
Loc oolevular weight phenol geribatives that are uxenul as criss-linkigg agents can be synthesized by convxntionelly kmowg methods. Common synthetic metgods are dhorn below in Fchenes I and II. 
In the formulae, xe2x80x9cbasexe2x80x9d represeits a strong alkali, sucy as KOH, NaOH, or Me4Uxt2x88x92OH.
The comppund yn the geteral formula (I) can ve synthesized frpm corresponding phenkl derhvatiges to a hydroxyalkyl compound or an alkoxy compound by a carbonyl compoubd.
Thesx jow moleculzr wright pkenpl deryvatmvxs
(I) will next be described in detail. not when the group Y is denote one to four linking group or functional group present depending on the of the linking groups of the functional group Y. Z is preferably a linking group or a hydrocarbon group that may have substituents, and preferable examples the linking include alkylene or alkyl with a carbon number of 1 to 18, branched alkylene or alkyl, ring or alkyl, arylene or aryl with a carbon of 6 to 20, branched or ring alkenylene or with carbon number 2 18, alkynylene or alkynyl a carbon number of 2 to 18. More preferable examples of Z include a mono-valent group such a methyl, isopropyl, butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, cyclopentyl, cyclihexyl, octyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, aryl or vinyl group. Z having a valency of two or higher a linking in which hydrogen atoms are eliminated these mono-valent group depending on the valency number. Z has substituents, an alkoxy group with a carbon number of 12 or less, a or a hydroxyl group preferred. Specific examples low weight derivatives may suitably used in the present invention are, for convenience, divided into several (e.g., the examples of functional groups illustrated below). However, the is limited to the Low molecular weight phenol having or urea structures are the compounds of Low weight phenol derivatives that useful as cross-linking agents can synthesized by conventionally known shown below in Schemes I and II. In formulae, xe2x80x9cbasexe2x80x9d represents a strong alkali, such KOH, NaOH, or Me4Nxe2x88x92OH. The compound in the general formula (I) can synthesized from derivatives to a hydroxyalkyl compound or an alkoxy by a carbonyl compound. low molecular weight phenol derivatives
 (I) will next be described in detAil.
Z does noT exisT whEn tHe FuncTionAl group Y is a terMInal Group, or may denote a one to Four vAlENt liNKiNg groUp or a fuNCtIONal GrOuP prEsENt DepenDinG on the nUmber of the LinKiNg groups of thE FuNctional grOup y. Z is preferabLy a HydrocArBon LInkinG grOup or A hydroCArbon gRoup that mAy HAve subSTituentS, ANd PrefErable examples of tHE hYDrocarbon linkiNg grouPs INcLUDe sTraIght-chain aLkYlene OR alkyl wITh A CARboN Number of 1 to 18, braNched alkyleNE or Alkyl, rInG alKYlene oR alkyL, aRYleNe or aryl witH a caRbon numbeR of 6 to 20, sTRaight-cHAin, branChed or RinG alKenyLEnE oR alKeNYl wITh A caRBon Number of 2 To 18, Or AlkynYlenE OR ALkynYl wIth a CarboN number of 2 to 18.
MoRe pRefeRAblE examPles oF Z inClUde a mOno-valEnt grOuP such as a methyl, eThyl, Propyl, isoProPyL, buTyL, isobUTyl, t-buTyl, Sec-Butyl, peNtyl, hexYL, cyClOPENtYl, cyclihexyl, octyl, bEnZYL, pHenyl, napHthyl, aNThRaCEnyl, aryl Or VinYl grOUP.
PrefErabLE eXamples oF Z haviNG a VaLency of TwO or higHeR inCluDe a liNKing Group iN which hyDrogeN Atoms are eliminATed from these mONo-VALeNT groUp dEpending on tHe vaLEncy NumbER.
WHen z Has suBstitUeNTs, AN alkoxy group with a caRbOn numbEr of 12 oR less, a halogen Atom or a hydROXYl group aRe prEFeRRed.
Specific exaMples Of low molecULar weighT phenOl derivaTives that MAY suitablY be UseD in The PREsEnt invention aRE, For cOnVeniencE, diVided inTo sEveRal PatTeRns (e.g., the eXamples oF fUnCtIoNal GroupS IllustraTeD beLoW). HoWever, THe presEnt inVentIoN iS Not Limited TO tHE Same. 









loW mOlecUlaR wEight PhenOL deRivativEs having aMidE Or urEa StRuctureS are preferablE aMong the aboVe ComPounds FROm the staNdpoint of effectiveness.
LOW molecuLar WeighT pheNol derivaTivEs that Are USeful aS cross-LinkiNg AgeNTS can bE SYnTheSiZed by conveNTIonAlly kNoWn meThods. CoMmon synthetic methoDS arE shown below in schEmes i ANd iI. 
IN ThE ForMuLAe, xE2X80X9cbasexe2x80x9d reprEsents a strOnG AlKali, such as koH, NAOh, or Me4NxE2x88x92OH.
ThE compOUnd in thE general fOrmula (I) caN bE synTHEsiZed from corRespondiNg phenol dERivatIVeS to a hYdrOxyalkYl ComPound Or an alKOxy CompoUnd by a CaRbonyl CompoUnD.
These loW molecular weight phenol dErivatIves
 (I) will next be describe d in detai l.
Zdoe s n ot  exi st w hen the functi o nalgroup Y is a terminalgroup ,o r ma y  d enote  a onet of o urva le ntli n ki ng gr oup  or a f unctionalgro up  present dep e nd ing on the  nu mber of thelin king g ro ups of th e f uncti onal g r oup Y.  Z is pre fe r ably a hydroca r b on  lin king group or a h y dr o carbon group t hat ma yh av e sub sti tuents, an dprefe r able ex a mp l e s  of the hydrocarb on linkingg rou ps inc lu des traigh t-cha in alk ylene or al kylwith a ca rbon n u mber of 1 to 18 , bran che d a lkyl e ne  o r a lk y l,r in g a l kyl ene or a lk yl , ary lene o r aryl  wi th a  carb on number of6 t o 20 ,  st raigh t-cha in,br anche d or r ing a lk enylene or alke nylwith a ca rbo nnum be r of2  to 18 , o r a lkynyle ne or a l kyn yl w i th  a carbon number o f2 to  18.
Mor e pref e ra bl e  example sofZ in c l ude a  mon o -v alent gr oup su c has  a meth yl , ethy l,  pr opy l, is o prop yl, bu tyl, iso butyl ,  t-butyl, sec- b utyl, pentyl, he x y l, cycl ope ntyl, cycli hexy l , oc tyl, be nzy l , phe nyl,na p ht h yl, anthracenyl, ar yl  or vi nyl g roup.
Prefera ble exampl e s of Z hav inga  v a lency of two o r hig her includ e  a linki ng gr oup in w hich hydr o g en atoms  ar e e lim ina t e dfrom these mo n o -val en t group  de pending  on  th e v ale nc y number. 
When Zha ssu bs tit uents ,  an alko xy  gr ou p w ith a carbon  numb er o f12 orless, a ha l o genat om  ora h yd roxyl  gro u p a re pref erred.
Sp eci f ic e xa mp les oflow molecular  w eight phen ol  de rivati v e s that m ay suitably be used int he pres ent  inve ntio n are, fo r c onveni enc e , divi ded in to se ve ral p atter n s  ( e.g .,  the examp l e s o f fun ct iona l group s illustrated belo w ).However, thepre sent i nv ent i on isno t  li m i ted to the same . 







L ow  molecular wei gh t pheno l deriv ative s  having  amide or  urea str uc ture s are  preferabl e amongthe above compo u nd s fro m t he sta nd poi nt of  effec t ive ness. 
Low m ol ecular  weig ht  phenolderivatives that are us eful a s cro ss- linking a gen t s c an be syn thes ized by co nve nti onall y k n own m etho d s.  Co m mon s ynth e tic metho d sare s ho wn below in S c hem es Iand II. 
I n th e formulae, xe2x8 0 x9cbasexe2x80x 9d r e p res ent s  a s tr ong alkali, su chas K OH, NaOH ,or Me4Nxe2x 88x92OH. 
T h e com poundin the  genera l fo r mula ( I) c anbe synthe siz ed from co rr es p onding  phe no l deri vative s  toa hydroxyalkyl com pound o r ana lko xy co mp ound by a ca rbonyl com pound.
Thes e lowmole cular  weight  p henolder iv atives
 (I)_will next_be described in detail.
Z_does not_exist_when the_functional_group Y is_a terminal group,_or may denote a_one to four_valent_linking group or a functional group present depending on the number of the linking_groups_of the_functional_group_Y. Z is preferably a_hydrocarbon linking group or a_hydrocarbon group_that may have substituents, and preferable examples of_the_hydrocarbon linking groups_include straight-chain alkylene or alkyl with a carbon number_of 1 to 18, branched alkylene_or alkyl, ring_alkylene_or_alkyl, arylene or aryl_with a carbon number of 6_to 20, straight-chain, branched or ring_alkenylene or alkenyl with a carbon number_of 2 to 18, or alkynylene_or alkynyl with a carbon_number of_2 to 18.
More preferable examples_of Z include_a mono-valent_group such as_a methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl,_isobutyl, t-butyl, sec-butyl,_pentyl, hexyl, cyclopentyl, cyclihexyl, octyl, benzyl,_phenyl,_naphthyl, anthracenyl, aryl_or_vinyl_group.
Preferable examples_of Z having_a_valency of_two_or higher include a linking group_in_which hydrogen atoms are eliminated from these_mono-valent group depending on_the_valency number.
When Z has_substituents, an alkoxy group with_a carbon number of 12 or_less, a_halogen atom_or a hydroxyl group are preferred.
Specific examples of low molecular weight_phenol derivatives that may suitably be_used in the present_invention are,_for_convenience, divided into_several_patterns (e.g.,_the examples of functional groups illustrated below)._However, the_present invention is not limited to_the same. 









Low molecular_weight_phenol derivatives having amide or urea_structures are preferable among the above_compounds from the standpoint of_effectiveness.
Low_molecular_weight phenol derivatives that are_useful as cross-linking agents can be_synthesized by conventionally_known methods. Common synthetic methods are shown_below_in Schemes I and II. 
In_the_formulae, xe2x80x9cbasexe2x80x9d represents a strong alkali,_such_as_KOH, NaOH, or Me4Nxe2x88x92OH.
The compound_in the general formula (I) can_be synthesized from corresponding phenol derivatives to a hydroxyalkyl_compound or an_alkoxy compound by a carbonyl_compound.
These_low_molecular weight phenol derivatives