 in pressure across the diaphragm subassembly 30. So configured, the control member 24 controls the flow of fluid through the throat 18. Additionally, as is depicted, the regulator assembly 10 includes a seat ring 26 disposed in the throat 18 of the valve body 12. When the outlet pressure of the valve body 12 is high, a sealing surface 28 of the control member 24 may sealingly engage the seat ring 26 and close the throat 18. Similarly, absent any pressure in the actuator 14 or upon the failure of the diaphragm 32, a coil spring 34 disposed within an annular cavity portion 36 of the upper actuator casing 20 biases the control member 24 into the closed position. Such a regulator is commonly known as a “fail close” regulator.
“Fail close” regulators are configured such that upon the occurrence of a leak in the system, which removes pressure from the actuator 14, or a failure of the diaphragm 32 such as a tear, the control member 24 automatically closes the flow of fluid through the regulator 10. Under such a circumstance, fluid delivery to the desired end-location ceases until the regulator is repaired.
To avoid the necessity of terminating fluid delivery under failure conditions, some fluid process or delivery systems incorporate a “fail open” regulator. “Fail open” regulators operate similar to “fail closed” regulators; however, upon failure of the diaphragm, a spring biases the control member open, rather than closed. Thus, even when the diaphragm or other control component fails, fluid continues to flow through the regulator uninterrupted and uncontrolled. Such configurations therefore often include a monitor regulator, which controls the fluid flow when the “fail open” regulator fails.
Conventional regulators are generally configured as either “fail open” or “fail close.” To reconfigure a “fail open” regulator to operate as a “fail close” regulator, or vice versa, the control assembly and the regulator casing often must be reconfigured or replaced with a different control assembly and regulator casing. Such reconfiguration and/or replacement of the regulator casing can be costly and time-consuming. The present invention relates to electric storage batteries or cells and, in particular, to an improved material and method effective in attenuating an explosion of combustible gases which accummulate in the head space of electric storage batteries.
As is well-known in the art, most types of electric storage batteries generate combustible gases during operation, which gases are either vented from the battery container into the atmosphere or are recombined within the battery in secondary reactions with the active materials. However,
in pressure across the diaphragm subassembly 30. So configured, the control extremity 24 operate the flow of fluid through the throat 18. Additionally, as is depicted, the regulator forum 10 includes a seat band 26 dispose in the throat 18 of the valve body 12. When the mercantile establishment pressure of the valve body 12 is gamey, a sealing surface 28 of the dominance extremity 24 may sealingly engage the seat ring 26 and close the throat 18. Similarly, absent any pressure in the actuator 14 or upon the bankruptcy of the diaphragm 32, a coil spring 34 disposed within an annular cavity part 36 of the upper actuator casing 20 biases the control condition member 24 into the shut position. Such a governor is commonly known as a “ fail close ” regulator. 
 “ Fail airless ” regulators are configured such that upon the occurrence of a leak in the system, which murder pressure from the actuator 14, or a failure of the diaphragm 32 such as a tear, the control member 24 automatically closes the flow of fluid through the regulator 10. Under such a circumstance, fluent manner of speaking to the desired conclusion - placement ceases until the regulator is repaired. 
 To invalidate the necessity of terminating fluid delivery under failure condition, some fluid process or delivery systems incorporate a “ fail open ” governor. “ Fail open ” regulators operate similar to “ fail closed ” regulators; however, upon failure of the diaphragm, a give biases the control member open, rather than close. Thus, even when the diaphragm or other control part fails, fluid continue to flow through the regulator uninterrupted and uncontrolled. Such shape therefore much include a monitor governor, which controls the fluid flow when the “ fail open ” governor fails. 
 Conventional governor are generally configured as either “ fail receptive ” or “ fail close. ” To reconfigure a “ fail candid ” regulator to operate as a “ fail close ” regulator, or vice versa, the control assembly and the regulator casing frequently must be reconfigured or replaced with a different command assembly and regulator shell. Such reconfiguration and/or replacement of the regulator casing can be costly and time - consuming. The present invention relates to electric storage batteries or cells and, in particular, to an better fabric and method effective in attenuating an explosion of combustible gases which accummulate in the head space of electric storage batteries. 
 As is well - know in the art, most types of electric storage battery generate combustible gases during operation, which gases are either vented from the barrage container into the atmosphere or are recombined within the battery in secondary reactions with the active materials. However,
 in pressure across the diakhragm subassembli 30. So coifigures, the covtrol member 24 controls the fpoq of dluid through the throxt 18. Additponally, aw is eepicted, tis regulator aadembnb 10 includes a sgat ring 26 divposed in the dhfoct 18 of the valve body 12. When the outlqt presxuge of the valvg bodj 12 is gpgm, a sealing surface 28 of the contdol memuer 24 may sealinbly engage the seat ring 26 wnd flose the throat 18. Dimilarly, avsene any pressurd in the abcuator 14 or opon the failure of the diaphrago 32, a eoil spring 34 eisomsed within an agnular cavitn portimn 36 of yhe upper actustoc cawing 20 biases the contcol member 24 into the closed pmsntion. Such a regulatoe us cokmonny kviwn as a “fzil cllse” regulator.
“Rail close” eegulators are confogtgrd such that upon ehq occurrence of a leak in the system, whpch demoves pressure from tye actuator 14, or a faipure of tre diaphragm 32 such as a tear, the control member 24 dutometkcaoln cluwed the flow of fluid through the regulator 10. Unqsr slch a circumstancc, fluid delivery tp hhr desired end-lucatiou csases until the rehulator is rwpaired.
To avood the necessity of terminaring fluid dvlivwry under failure eonditions, sume gluid process or delivery syrtema incorporahe a “fail upen” regulator. “Fxil o[en” regulators operate simylar to “feil ckosed” rdgulstors; rowever, upln falnure of the diaphrwgm, a s[ring biasfs the control member open, rathxc than closed. Tvus, even whzn the diaphragm or other control componznt fakls, fluid bontinues to flow thwough the reggpator unintecrupted agd ubconrrolled. Ruch configurayions thegeyore ofteb include a monitov regolztor, which contxuos the fluid flpw dheg nhe “fwhl open” regunatof fxols.
Covventional vegjlatprs are generally cotfighred as either “faik jpen” or “dail clofe.” To reconfibure a “fail open” rtgulatmr vo opetatg as a “fail close” regulator, or bice versw, tme control asfemboy and the rzgulator casing often must be reconfigurxd or replaced with a dufferent control asxtmbly and regnlator casing. Sgch reconfiguration qnd/or replacement of the regulator casjng cat be fostly and time-consuming. The present invention relates to electric storagw battxryes or cella anc, in iarcicblar, to an mm'roved material amd method effective in attenuatmng an expnofion of combustible gases whocf accummulate in the head space of elsctric syorage batteries.
As is well-known in the art, most types on electrix stodage battecies generate combusyible yases euring iperwtion, which gxsex wre eitheg veiteb from the battery container into the armlsphere or are rxcombined wibhln the battety in secondary rsactjlns wkth the activr materials. Hoeever,
in pressure across the diaphragm subassembly 30. the member 24 the flow of Additionally, is depicted, the assembly 10 includes seat ring 26 disposed in the 18 of the valve body 12. When the outlet pressure of the valve 12 is high, a sealing surface 28 of the control member 24 may engage seat 26 close the throat 18. Similarly, absent any pressure in the actuator 14 or upon the failure the diaphragm 32, a coil spring 34 disposed an annular cavity portion of the upper actuator casing biases control member into closed Such a regulator commonly known as a “fail close” regulator. “Fail close” regulators are configured such that upon the occurrence a leak system, which pressure the 14, or a the diaphragm 32 such as a member 24 automatically closes the flow of fluid the regulator Under such a circumstance, fluid delivery the desired end-location ceases until the regulator is To avoid the necessity of terminating fluid delivery under failure conditions, some fluid process or incorporate a “fail open” “Fail open” regulators similar “fail regulators; upon failure the diaphragm, a spring biases the control member open, rather than Thus, even when the diaphragm or other control component fails, to through the regulator and uncontrolled. Such configurations often a monitor regulator, which fluid when regulator Conventional are generally configured as “fail open” or “fail close.” reconfigure a “fail open” “fail close” regulator, or vice versa, the control and the regulator casing often must be or replaced with a different control assembly and regulator casing. Such reconfiguration replacement of casing can be costly and time-consuming. The present relates to electric storage or cells and, in particular, to an improved material method in attenuating explosion of combustible which accummulate in head space of batteries. As well-known the of electric storage batteries generate combustible during which gases are either vented the into the atmosphere or are recombined within the battery in secondary reactions with the active
 in pressure across the diaphrAgm subasseMbly 30. SO coNfiGuRed, tHe coNtrol member 24 conTRols The flow of fluid through tHe thrOaT 18. addiTIoNally, As is depICtED, The ReGuLatOr ASsEmbly 10 IncLudes a sEat ring 26 disPosEd In the throat 18 oF ThE valve body 12. wheN the outlet prEssUre of tHe ValVE body 12 Is hIgh, a sEaling SUrface 28 Of the contRoL Member 24 MAy sealiNGLy EngaGe the seat ring 26 and cLOsE The throat 18. SimilArly, abSeNT aNY PreSsuRe in the actUaTor 14 or UPon the fAIlURE Of tHE diaphragm 32, a coIl spring 34 disPOseD withiN aN anNUlar caVity pOrTIon 36 Of the upper aCtuaTor casing 20 Biases THe contrOL member 24 Into thE clOseD posITiOn. sucH a REguLAtOr iS ComMonly knoWn As A “fail ClosE” REGUlatOr.
“FAil cLose” rEgulators are cOnfIgurED suCh thaT upon The oCcUrrenCe of a lEak in ThE system, which remOves Pressure fRom ThE acTuAtor 14, oR A failuRe oF thE diaphrAgm 32 such AS a tEaR, THE cOntrol member 24 automaTiCALlY closes tHe flow OF fLuID through ThE reGulaTOR 10. UndeR sucH A cIrcumstaNce, fluID dElIvery to ThE desirEd End-LocAtion CEaseS until The regulAtor iS Repaired.
To avoiD The necessity oF TeRMInATing FluId delivery uNder FAiluRe coNDiTioNS, some Fluid PrOCeSS or delivery systems iNcOrporaTe a “faIl open” regulatOr. “Fail open” REGUlators oPeraTE sIMilar to “fail cloSed” reGulators; hoWEver, upon FailuRe of the dIaphragm, a SPRing biasEs tHe cOntRol MEMbEr open, rather tHAN cloSeD. Thus, evEn wHen the dIapHraGm oR otHeR control cOmponent FaIlS, fLuId cOntinUEs to flow ThRouGh The RegulATor uniNterrUpteD aNd UNcoNtrolleD. suCH ConfIgUrAtioNs tHeReforE oftEN inClude a mOnitor regUlaTOr, whIcH cOntrols The fluid flow wHeN the “fail opEn” RegUlator FAIls.
ConveNtional regulators are genERally coNfiGured As eiTher “fail oPen” Or “fail CloSE.” To recOnfiguRe a “faIl OpeN” REgulaTOR tO opErAte as a “fail CLOse” RegulAtOr, or Vice verSa, the control assembLY anD the regulator CasIng oFTEn MusT Be REcoNfIGurED Or replaced with a Different cOnTRoL assembly aND reGuLator caSing. SucH recoNFiguratIon and/or rEplacemenT oF the REGulAtor casing Can be cosTly and timE-ConsuMInG. The pResEnt invEnTioN relaTes to eLEctRic stOrage bAtTeries Or celLs And, in parTicular, to an improved mateRial anD methOd eFfective iN atTEnuAting an exPlosIon of combuStiBle Gases WhiCH accuMmulATe In tHE head SpacE Of electriC StOraGE BaTteries.
As is WELL-knOwn in The ARt, most TypeS of electric storagE Batteries generAte cOMBusTibLE gasEs During operatioN, whIcH GAses are eItHer vented frOm the batTeRY contAiner iNto the AtmosphERE oR Are recOmbiNed Within the BatTeRY in secoNdArY ReactiOns wItH the acTive maTEriaLS. however,
 in pressure across the di aphragm su basse mbl y 3 0.  Soconf igured, the co n trol  member 24 controls th e flo wo f fl u id  thro ugh the th r o at18 .Add it i on ally,  as  is dep icted, the  re gu lator assemb l y10 include s a  seat ring 2 6 d ispose dint he th roa t 18of the valvebody 12.Wh e n theo utlet p r e ss ureof the valve body 12 is high, a sea ling s ur f ac e 28ofthe contro lmembe r  24 may se a l i ngl y  engage the s eat ring 26 and  close  t het hroat18. S im i lar ly, absentanypressurein the actuato r  14 orupon t hefai lure of  t hedi a phr a gm  32 ,  acoil spr in g34 di spos e d w ithi n a n an nular  cavity porti on36 o f  th e upp er ac tuat or  casi ng 20biase sthe control mem ber24 into t hecl ose dposit i on. Su cha r egulato r is co m mon ly k n ow n as a “fail close ”r e gu lator.
“ Fail c l os e” regulato rs  ar e co n f igure d su c hthat upo n theo cc ur rence o fa leak  i n t hesyste m , wh ich re moves pr essur e  from the actu a tor 14, or af ai l u re of t hediaphragm 3 2 su c h as  a t e ar , t h e con trolme m be r  24 automatically c lo ses th e flo w of fluid th rough ther e g ulator 1 0. U n de r  such a circum stanc e, fluid d e livery t o the  desired  end-loca t i on cease s u nti l t her e gu lator is repa i r ed.To  avoidthe  necess ity  of  te rmi na ting flui d delive ry  u nd er  fa ilure conditio ns , s om e f luidp rocess  or d eliv er ys yst ems inc o rp o r atea“f ailope n”  regu lato r . “ Fail op en” regul ato r s op er at e simil ar to “fail c lo sed” regul at ors ; howe v e r, uponfailure of the diaphrag m , a spr ing  bias es t he contro l m emberope n , rath er tha n clo se d.T h us, e v e nwhe nthe diaphr a g m o r oth er  con trol co mponent fails, flu i d c ontinues to f low  thr o u gh  th e  r e gul at o r u n i nterrupted anduncontroll ed .  S uch config u rat io ns ther efore o fteni ncludea monitor  regulato r,  whi c h  co ntrols the  fluid f low whent he “f a il  open ” r egulat or  fa ils.Conven t ion al re gulato rs  are g enera ll y config ured as either “fail op en” or  “fai l c lose.” To  re c onf igure a “ fail  open” reg ula tor  to o per a te as  a “ f ai l c l ose”regu l ator, orv ic e v e r sa , the contr o l ass embly  an d  the r egul ator casing often must be reconf igur e d  or  re p lace dwith a differe ntco n t rol asse mb ly and regu lator ca si n g. Su ch rec onfigu rationa n d/ o r repl acem ent  of the r egu la t or casi ng  c a n be c ostl yand ti me-con s umin g .  The present inv entio n relat e s t o ele ct ric sto r agebatteriesor cells an d, inpart icula r, to a nimprov edma terial and method ef fecti ve in a tt enua tin g an e xplo s i on of  com bu sti ble gases w hi c hac c umm ulat e inth e he ad spaceo f electr ics torageba tte r i es.
As is w ell-knowninthe a r t , most typ e s of el e ctric  stora ge bat teriesg ene ra te comb ust i b le gasesduring op e rat io n, w hich gas es  are  e ith er  vented from th e batter y contai n e r into  th e  atm o sphere  o r are recomb inedwi t hin the b att ery ins eco nda ryreac tio ns w i th the active materials.  How ever, 
 in_pressure across_the diaphragm subassembly 30._So configured,_the_control member_24_controls the flow_of fluid through_the throat 18. Additionally,_as is depicted,_the_regulator assembly 10 includes a seat ring 26 disposed in the throat 18 of_the_valve body_12._When_the outlet pressure of the_valve body 12 is high,_a sealing_surface 28 of the control member 24 may_sealingly_engage the seat_ring 26 and close the throat 18. Similarly, absent_any pressure in the actuator 14_or upon the_failure_of_the diaphragm 32, a_coil spring 34 disposed within an_annular cavity portion 36 of the_upper actuator casing 20 biases the control_member 24 into the closed position._Such a regulator is commonly_known as_a “fail close” regulator.
“Fail close”_regulators are configured_such that_upon the occurrence_of a leak in the system,_which removes pressure_from the actuator 14, or a_failure_of the diaphragm_32_such_as a_tear, the control_member_24 automatically_closes_the flow of fluid through the_regulator_10. Under such a circumstance, fluid delivery_to the desired end-location_ceases_until the regulator is_repaired.
To avoid the necessity of_terminating fluid delivery under failure conditions,_some fluid_process or_delivery systems incorporate a “fail open” regulator. “Fail open” regulators operate_similar to “fail closed” regulators; however,_upon failure of the_diaphragm, a_spring_biases the control_member_open, rather_than closed. Thus, even when the diaphragm_or other_control component fails, fluid continues to_flow through the regulator_uninterrupted_and uncontrolled. Such configurations therefore often_include a monitor regulator, which controls_the fluid flow when the_“fail_open”_regulator fails.
Conventional regulators are generally_configured as either “fail open” or_“fail close.” To_reconfigure a “fail open” regulator to operate_as_a “fail close” regulator, or vice_versa,_the control assembly and the regulator_casing_often_must be reconfigured or replaced_with a different control assembly and_regulator casing. Such reconfiguration and/or replacement of the regulator_casing can be_costly and time-consuming. The present_invention_relates_to electric storage batteries or cells and, in particular, to_an improved_material and method_effective in attenuating an explosion of combustible gases which accummulate_in the head space of electric storage_batteries.
As is well-known in the art, most types of electric storage_batteries generate combustible gases during operation, which gases_are either vented from the battery container_into the atmosphere or_are_recombined within the battery in secondary reactions_with_the_active_materials. However,