 pin 302. Pin 302 is fixedly attached to member 104 and is adapted to rotatably mate with opening 304 in member 102. Wiper-type interconnection 300 includes a wiper or brush assembly 306 and a plurality of conductive tracks 308. Tracks 308 are disposed on pin 302. Wiper assembly 306 includes a plurality of conductive brushes 310 which are adapted to make ohmic contact with conductive tracks 308. Each conductive track 308 and brush 310 pair forms a single conductor rotating interconnection. A plurality of wires 312 provides electrical connection to wiper assembly 306. A plurality of wires 314 provides electrical connection to conductive tracks 308. Wires 312,314 are attached to members 102,104, respectively, by strain-reliefs 110.
Wiper-type interconnection 300 has several problems associated with it. First, the interconnection can become quite large and complex for a large number of conductors. Second, the brushes are relatively delicate and are susceptible to frictional wear.
What is needed is a compact rotatable interconnection which is not susceptible to tangling, is reliable, and allows straight-forward reliability predictions. The present invention relates to an electrostatographic apparatus such as an electrostatic copying machine.
In a dry process electrostatic copying machine a light image of an original document is focussed on an electrostatically charged photoconductive member to produce an electrostatic image through localized photoconduction. A dry toner substance is then applied to develop the electrostatic image and produce a toner image which is transferred and fixed to a copy sheet to provide a permanent reproduction of the original document.
To prevent white background areas of the original document from appearing gray in the copy, a bias voltage is applied to a developing unit which typically comprises a magnetic brush. The bias voltage is slightly lower than the potential of the background areas of the electrostatic image on the drum. In addition, to produce copies of proper density and contrast the light image intensity must be optimally controlled. This has been accomplished in the prior art by means of visual evaluation of the copies and manual control of the bias voltage and light image intensity. The latter may be controlled by adjustment of the intensity of illumination of the document or the width of an exposure aperture.
However, the problem is compounded by the fact that different original documents have different values of density and contrast. Proper setting of the bias voltage and light image intensity after visual evaluation of the document can only be accomplished by a highly skilled operator. An unskilled operator must make several trial copies and progressively adjust the settings until
pin 302. Pin 302 is fixedly attached to member 104 and is adapt to rotatably checkmate with opening 304 in member 102. Wiper - character interconnection 300 includes a wiper or brush assembly 306 and a battalion of conductive track 308. Tracks 308 are disposed on pin 302. Wiper forum 306 includes a plurality of conductive brush 310 which are adapted to make ohmic contact with conductive tracks 308. Each conductive track 308 and brush 310 pair form a single conductor rotating interconnection. A plurality of telegram 312 provides electrical connection to wiper fabrication 306. A plurality of wires 314 provides electrical connection to conductive lead 308. Wires 312,314 are attached to members 102,104, respectively, by strain - reliefs 110. 
 Wiper - character interconnection 300 hold several problems associated with it. First, the interconnection can become quite large and complex for a large number of conductors. Second, the brush are relatively delicate and are susceptible to frictional wear. 
 What is need is a compact rotatable interconnection which is not susceptible to tangling, is reliable, and allows straight - advancing reliability prediction. The present invention relates to an electrostatographic apparatus such as an electrostatic copying machine. 
 In a dry procedure electrostatic copying machine a light image of an original document is focussed on an electrostatically charged photoconductive penis to produce an electrostatic image through localized photoconduction. A dry toner means is then applied to explicate the electrostatic image and produce a toner image which is transferred and fixed to a transcript sheet to provide a permanent reproduction of the original document. 
 To prevent white background areas of the original document from appearing grey in the copy, a diagonal voltage is applied to a developing unit which typically comprises a charismatic brush. The bias voltage is slightly lower than the electric potential of the background areas of the electrostatic image on the brake drum. In addition, to grow copies of proper density and contrast the light image intensity must be optimally controlled. This has been accomplished in the prior art by mean of visual evaluation of the copies and manual control condition of the bias voltage and light image intensity. The latter may be controlled by adjustment of the saturation of illumination of the document or the width of an exposure aperture. 
 However, the problem is compounded by the fact that different original document have unlike values of density and contrast. Proper setting of the bias voltage and light image volume after visual evaluation of the document can only be achieve by a highly skilled operator. An unskilled operator must make several test copies and progressively adjust the context until
 pij 302. Pin 302 is fixedly attacmed to member 104 aue is avapted fo rotatxbly mate with opening 304 in mxmbee 102. Wikvr-type interconnectiov 300 includvs a wipee or vrush assembly 306 and a plhvalitv if conductive jracks 308. Tracns 308 are disposad ou pin 302. Wiper assembly 306 includes a pltrality ov conductive btushex 310 whjbh are adapted to make ohmic cohtact wpth conductive trscks 308. Each conductive tracn 308 ajd brush 310 pair forls a single conqyctor rotativg interconnection. A pmurality of wires 312 provides eleztriccl connectiin to fiper assemuly 306. A plurality on wires 314 provices electrical coinecrion to conductive trecks 308. Wires 312,314 are attwched to kejbers 102,104, respectiveoy, by sjrain-selidds 110.
Diptr-tbpe interfoniection 300 haa several peoblems associated eiey it. First, ths intewcjnnection can become quite large and cokplsx for a large number od conductors. Second, tje brushef are relatively delicate and are susceptible to xrictmoval wcar.
Wfqt is needed is a compact rotatable interconnecejom ehich is not smsceptible to tangkijg, ys reliable, avd allows straight-forward rfliabilyty peedictionf. Thr present invention relates to an electgostqtographic apparatbs such as au elecjrostayic copying machine.
In a dry process elfctrostatjz copying machind a lhght image of an original qocument ms foeussed ov an electwostaticalpy charged photoconductige melbar to prodkce an electrostatic image thronjh localized khodocmnductiou. A drn toner substanse is then appkied to deveuop the elvctrostatmc image and produce a totgr image whici is tranffereed qnd fixda to a copy shret to provide a peemanent reproductipn ur the original buxument.
To preveny wfitq harkgrottd areas of dhe urieonal aocumenu fvom appraring gray in the cmpy, z bias voltage is spilied to q develo[ing unit whivh typically comprlses e magnxtic btusr. The bias voltage is slightly lower thwn bhe potential of bhe fackground areas of the electrostatic image on thx drum. In addition, to kroduce copies of proker density anv contwast the night image intensitt must be optimalky controlled. This haa been accolplished in the prior art by means of visual evaluation of the copies and manual control of the bias vjktage wnd pmght image intenspty. The latter may be controlled by adjuvtient of the intensity of illimknation of thg document or the width of an expoxure aperture.
However, the problek is compounded by the fsct that diffsrent origmnal documents have cifferznt vaoues of dendity and contfasy. Iroper sething oy the bias voltage and light imagw intebslty after visual evaluation uf thg documegt can only be adcomlpishea by a highly skilled operayor. An unskilled opegatjr must make stveral trial cokies and progressiveky adjust tve settings until
pin 302. Pin 302 is fixedly attached 104 is adapted rotatably mate with Wiper-type 300 includes a or brush assembly and a plurality of conductive tracks Tracks 308 are disposed on pin 302. Wiper assembly 306 includes a plurality conductive brushes 310 which are adapted to make ohmic contact with conductive tracks Each track and 310 pair forms a single conductor rotating interconnection. A plurality of wires 312 provides electrical connection wiper assembly 306. A plurality of wires 314 electrical connection to conductive 308. Wires 312,314 are attached members respectively, by 110. interconnection has several problems with it. First, the interconnection can become quite large and complex for a large number of conductors. the brushes delicate and susceptible frictional What is needed compact rotatable interconnection which is not is reliable, and allows straight-forward reliability predictions. The invention relates an electrostatographic apparatus such as an copying machine. In a dry process electrostatic copying a light image of an original document is focussed on an electrostatically charged photoconductive member an electrostatic image through photoconduction. A dry substance then to the electrostatic and produce a toner image which is transferred and fixed to copy sheet to provide a permanent reproduction of the original prevent background areas of original document from appearing in copy, a bias voltage to developing comprises magnetic The bias voltage is lower than the potential of background areas of the In addition, to produce copies of proper density contrast the light image intensity must be controlled. This has been accomplished in the prior art by means of evaluation of and manual control of the bias voltage and image intensity. The latter be controlled by adjustment of the intensity of illumination the or the of an exposure However, the problem compounded by the different original have values contrast. Proper setting of the bias and image intensity after visual evaluation the only be accomplished by a highly skilled operator. An unskilled operator must make several trial progressively adjust the settings
 pin 302. Pin 302 is fixedly attached to Member 104 and iS adapTed To rOtAtabLy maTe with opening 304 iN MembEr 102. Wiper-type interconnecTion 300 iNcLUdes A WiPer or Brush asSEmBLY 306 anD a PlUraLiTY oF condUctIve tracKs 308. Tracks 308 arE diSpOsed on pin 302. WipER aSsembly 306 incLudEs a plurality Of cOnductIvE brUShes 310 wHicH are aDapted TO make oHmic contaCt WIth conDUctive tRACkS 308. EacH conductive track 308 aND bRUsh 310 pair forms a sIngle cOnDUcTOR roTatIng intercoNnEctioN. a pluralITy OF WIreS 312 Provides electRical connecTIon To wipeR aSseMBly 306. A plUraliTy OF wiRes 314 provides ElecTrical conNectioN To conduCTive traCks 308. WirEs 312,314 aRe aTtacHEd To MemBeRS 102,104, reSPeCtiVEly, By strain-ReLiEfs 110.
WiPer-tYPE INterConNectIon 300 haS several problEms AssoCIatEd witH it. FiRst, tHe InterConnecTion cAn Become quite largE and Complex foR a lArGe nUmBer of COnductOrs. secOnd, the bRushes aRE reLaTIVElY delicate and are susCePTIbLe to fricTional WEaR.
WHAt is needEd Is a CompACT rotaTablE InTerconneCtion wHIcH iS not susCePtible To TanGliNg, is rELiabLe, and aLlows strAight-FOrward reliabilITy predictions. tHe PREsENt inVenTion relates To an ELectRostAToGraPHic apParatUs SUcH As an electrostatic coPyIng macHine.
IN a dry process eLectrostatIC COpying maChinE A lIGht image of an orIginaL document iS Focussed On an eLectrostAtically cHARged photOcoNduCtiVe mEMBeR to produce an eLECtroStAtic imaGe tHrough lOcaLizEd pHotOcOnduction. a dry toneR sUbStAnCe iS then APplied to DeVelOp The ElectROstatiC imagE and PrOdUCe a Toner imAGe WHIch iS tRaNsfeRreD aNd fixEd to A CopY sheet tO provide a PerMAnenT rEpRoductiOn of the originAl Document.
To PrEveNt whitE BAckgrounD areas of the original docuMEnt from AppEarinG graY in the copY, a bIas volTagE Is applIed to a DevelOpIng UNIt whiCH TyPicAlLy compriseS A MagNetic BrUsh. THe bias vOltage is slightly loWEr tHan the potentiAl oF the BACkGroUNd AReaS oF The ELEctrostatic imagE on the drum. in ADdItion, to proDUce CoPies of pRoper deNsity ANd contrAst the ligHt image inTeNsitY MUst Be optimallY controlLed. This haS Been aCCoMplisHed In the pRiOr aRt by mEans of VIsuAl evaLuatioN oF the coPies aNd Manual coNtrol of the bias voltage anD light Image IntEnsity. The LatTEr mAy be contrOlleD by adjustmEnt Of tHe intEnsITy of iLlumINaTioN Of the DocuMEnt or the wIDtH of AN ExPosure apertURE.
howEver, tHe pROblem iS comPounded by the fact tHAt different oriGinaL DOcuMenTS havE dIfferent values Of dEnSITy and conTrAst. Proper seTting of tHe BIas voLtage aNd lighT image iNTEnSIty aftEr viSuaL evaluatiOn oF tHE documeNt CaN Only be AccoMpLished By a higHLy skILLed operator. An unsKilleD OPeratOR muSt makE sEveral tRIal cOpies and prOgressively Adjust The sEttinGs until
 pin 302. Pin 302 is fixed ly attache d tomem ber  1 04 a nd i s adapted to r o tata bly mate with opening304 i nm embe r  1 02. W iper-ty p ei n ter co nn ect io n  3 00 in clu des a w iper or br ush  a ssembly 306a nd  a plurali tyof conductiv e t racks30 8.T racks  30 8 are  dispo s ed onpin 302.Wi p er ass e mbly 30 6 in clud es a plurality of co n ductive brushe s 310wh i ch a reada pted to ma ke  ohmi c  contac t  w i t h  co n ductive track s 308. Each con ductiv etra c k 308and b ru s h 3 10 pair for ms a  single c onduct o r rotat i ng inte rconne cti on.  A p l ur al ity  o f  wi r es  31 2  pr ovides e le ct rical  con n e c t iontowipe r ass embly 306. Aplu rali t y o f wir es 31 4 pr ov ideselectr icalco nnection to con duct ive track s 3 08 . W ir es 31 2 ,314 a reatt ached t o membe r s 1 02 , 1 0 4,  respectively, byst r a in -reliefs  110.W ip er - type int er con nect i o n 300  has se veral pr oblems as so ciatedwi th it.  F irs t,the i n terc onnect ion canbecom e  quite large a n d complex for al a rg e  num ber  of conduct ors. Seco nd,t he  br u shesare r el a ti v ely delicate and ar esuscep tible  to frictiona l wear.
Wh a t is neede d is ac ompact rotatab le in terconnect i on which  is n ot susce ptible to t angling,  is  re lia ble , an d allows stra i g ht-f or ward re lia bilitypre dic tio ns.  T he presen t invent io nre la tes  to a n  electro st ato gr aph ic ap p aratus  such  asan  e l ect rostati c  c o p ying  m ac hine .
I na dry  pro c ess  electr ostatic c opy i ng m ac hi ne a li ght image ofan  originaldo cum ent is f ocussedon an electrostatically charged  ph otoco nduc tive memb erto pro duc e  an el ectros tatic  i mag e throu g h  l oca li zed photoc o n duc tion.  A  dry  tonersubstance is thena ppl ied to develo p t he e l e ct ros t at i c i ma g e a n d  produce a tone r image wh ic h  i s transfer r edan d fixed  to a c opy s h eet toprovide a  permanen trepr o d uct ion of the  origina l documen t .
Top re ventwhi te bac kg rou nd ar eas of the  orig inal d oc umentfromap pearinggray in the copy, a bia s volt age i s a pplied to  ad eve loping un it w hich typic all y c ompri ses a mag neti c  b rus h . The  bia s  voltagei ssli g h tl y lower tha n t hepoten tia l  of th e ba ckground areas of the electrosta tici m age  on thedr um. In additio n,to p roduce c op ies of prop er densi ty and c ontras t thelight i m a ge intens itymus t be opti mal ly control le d. This h as b ee n acco mplish e d in t he prior art bymeans o f vis u alevalu at ion oft he c opies andmanual cont rol of  the  bias  voltag eand li ght  i mage inten s ity. Thelatte r may b econt rol led by  adj u s tment  ofth e i ntensityo f  i l lu mi n ati on o f the  d ocum ent or th e  width o f a n  exposu re  ap e r ture.H ow e v er, the pr obl em is c ompoundedb y th e  f a ct th at dif ferent  origin a l d oc umentshav e different  values o f  de ns ityand cont ra st.Pr ope rsetting of thebias vol tage and l ight i mag e  int e nsityaf ter visual e valua ti o n of th e doc ument c a n o nly  be  acc omp lish e d by a highly skilled op erat or. A n  un skill ed op er ator mus t  mak e severa l  trial copies  and progressiv e lya djus t t h ese ttings un til 
 pin_302. Pin_302 is fixedly attached_to member_104_and is_adapted_to rotatably mate_with opening 304_in member 102. Wiper-type_interconnection 300 includes_a_wiper or brush assembly 306 and a plurality of conductive tracks 308. Tracks 308_are_disposed on_pin_302._Wiper assembly 306 includes a_plurality of conductive brushes 310_which are_adapted to make ohmic contact with conductive tracks_308._Each conductive track_308 and brush 310 pair forms a single conductor_rotating interconnection. A plurality of wires_312 provides electrical_connection_to_wiper assembly 306. A_plurality of wires 314 provides electrical_connection to conductive tracks 308. Wires_312,314 are attached to members 102,104, respectively,_by strain-reliefs 110.
Wiper-type interconnection 300 has_several problems associated with it._First, the_interconnection can become quite large_and complex for_a large_number of conductors._Second, the brushes are relatively delicate_and are susceptible_to frictional wear.
What is needed is_a_compact rotatable interconnection_which_is_not susceptible_to tangling, is_reliable,_and allows_straight-forward_reliability predictions. The present invention relates_to_an electrostatographic apparatus such as an electrostatic_copying machine.
In a dry_process_electrostatic copying machine a_light image of an original_document is focussed on an electrostatically_charged photoconductive_member to_produce an electrostatic image through localized photoconduction. A dry toner substance_is then applied to develop the_electrostatic image and produce_a toner_image_which is transferred_and_fixed to_a copy sheet to provide a permanent_reproduction of_the original document.
To prevent white background_areas of the original_document_from appearing gray in the copy,_a bias voltage is applied to_a developing unit which typically_comprises_a_magnetic brush. The bias voltage_is slightly lower than the potential_of the background_areas of the electrostatic image on the_drum._In addition, to produce copies of_proper_density and contrast the light image_intensity_must_be optimally controlled. This has_been accomplished in the prior art_by means of visual evaluation of the copies and_manual control of_the bias voltage and light_image_intensity._The latter may be controlled by adjustment of the intensity_of illumination_of the document_or the width of an exposure aperture.
However, the problem is_compounded by the fact that different original_documents have different values of density and contrast. Proper setting of_the bias voltage and light image intensity after_visual evaluation of the document can only_be accomplished by a_highly_skilled operator. An unskilled operator must make_several_trial_copies_and progressively adjust_the settings until