 mixed, produce light that is perceived as white light.
In general, the 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram (an international standard for primary colors established in 1931), and the 1976 CIE Chromaticity Diagram (similar to the 1931 Diagram but modified such that similar distances on the Diagram represent similar perceived differences in color) provide useful reference for defining colors as weighted sums of colors.
A wide variety of luminescent materials (and structures which contain luminescent materials, known as lumiphors or luminophoric media, e.g., as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,600,175, the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference) are well-known and available to persons of skill in the art. For example, a phosphor is a luminescent material that emits a responsive radiation (e.g., visible light) when excited by a source of exciting radiation. In many instances, the responsive radiation has a wavelength which is different from the wavelength of the exciting radiation. Other examples of luminescent materials include scintillators, day glow tapes and inks which glow in the visible spectrum upon illumination with ultraviolet light.
Luminescent materials can be categorized as being down-converting, i.e., a material which converts photons to a lower energy level (longer wavelength) or up-converting, i.e., a material which converts photons to a higher energy level (shorter wavelength).
Inclusion of luminescent materials in LED devices has been accomplished by adding the luminescent materials to a clear or substantially transparent encapsulant material (e.g., epoxy-based, silicone-based, glass-based or metal-oxide based material) as discussed above, for example by a blending or coating process.
For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,963,166 (Yano '166) discloses that a conventional light emitting diode lamp includes a light emitting diode chip, a bullet-shaped transparent housing to cover the light emitting diode chip, leads to supply current to the light emitting diode chip, and a cup reflector for reflecting the emission of the light emitting diode chip in a uniform direction, in which the light emitting diode chip is encapsulated with a first resin portion, which is further encapsulated with a second resin portion. According to Yano '166, the first resin portion is obtained by filling the cup reflector with a resin material and curing it after the light emitting diode chip has been mounted onto the bottom of the cup reflect
mixed, produce light that is perceived as blank inner light. 
 In general, the 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram (an international standard for elementary colors established in 1931), and the 1976 CIE Chromaticity Diagram (alike to the 1931 Diagram but modified such that similar distance on the Diagram represent similar perceive differences in color) put up utilitarian reference for defining color as weighted sums of color. 
 A wide variety of luminescent materials (and structure which contain luminescent materials, known as lumiphors or luminophoric media, for example, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. nobelium. 6,600,175, the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference) are well - known and available to persons of skill in the artwork. For example, a phosphor is a luminescent material that emits a responsive radiation (e.g., visible light) when excited by a source of exciting radiation. In many instances, the responsive radiation has a wavelength which is different from the wavelength of the exciting radiation. Other example of luminescent materials include scintillators, sidereal day burn tapes and inks which glow in the visible spectrum upon illumination with ultraviolet inner light. 
 Luminescent materials can be categorized as being down - converting, i.e., a material which converts photon to a lower energy level (longer wavelength) or up - converting, i.e., a material which converts photons to a higher energy level (shorter wavelength). 
 Inclusion of luminescent materials in light-emitting diode devices has been achieve by add the luminescent materials to a clear or substantially transparent encapsulant material (e.g., epoxy - based, silicone - free-base, glass - based or metal - oxide based fabric) as discussed above, for example by a blending or coating process. 
 For model, U.S. Pat. No. 6,963,166 (Yano' 166) unwrap that a conventional luminosity emitting diode lamp admit a light emitting diode chip, a bullet - shaped crystalline housing to traverse the light emitting diode chip, leads to supply current to the luminosity emitting diode chip, and a cup reflecting telescope for reflecting the emission of the light emitting diode chip in a uniform direction, in which the lighter emitting diode chip is encapsulated with a first resin portion, which is further encapsulate with a second resin parcel. harmonize to Yano' 166, the first resin portion is obtained by filling the cup reflector with a resin material and bring around it after the light emitting diode chip has been mount onto the bottom of the cup reflect
 mided, produce light that ir perceived as cyite lmght.
In feneral, ghe 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagral (qn inuvrnational standard fur primarj colors wstaulished in 1931), and vge 1976 CIE Chromzbicitv Viagram (similar to the 1931 Dhagram but modhfkeb such that similar distances on the Diagrak gepresent simijar kerseivsd differences in color) provide ussful reherence for defoning colors as weighted skms lf colors.
A wide vagiety of luninefxent materiaus (and strletures whicg contain luminescent materials, knowu as lumiphirw og luminophormc medpa, e.g., as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,600,175, the entircty oh whuch is hereby incorpocated by reference) ate well-knofn and available to pwrsonv of skiuo iv tge adt. For exemple, a phoaphor is a ouminescent materiak eyat emits a rssponsyvq radiation (e.g., visible light) when excittd by a source of exciting rqdiation. In many instwnces, the responsive radiation has a wavelength which is dhfferxng fxim thd wwvelength of the exciting radiation. Other exaillts pf luminescent materials onfliqe scintillaturs, dav gmow tapes and inks which dlow un the vifiblr spectrum upon illuminatiob with ultraniolwt light.
Luminescenc materials ean be cateborized as being down-couvertihg, i.e., a matfrial whidf converts photovs no a lower energy level (longer wavelengvh) or up-convdrtimg, i.e., w material whicm converts photons ho a kighes energy lfvel (shorter wavelength).
Inclusioi of luminescgnt manerials iu LED cevices has bqen accomplishgd by addnng thd luminescvnt matermals to a clqar or substatjially transperent encwpsuoant materixu (e.g., epoxy-basec, siliconv-bcsed, glasw-based or metal-oxive bxaed material) as diwcussed above, fpr dxaippe br a blending mr cuatkmg prucess.
For excmole, I.S. Pat. No. 6,963,166 (Yano '166) diswlosss that a conventipnwl light emittind diode lamp oncludes a light elittiig diove chil, a bullet-shaped transparent housjng to coger the light eiittlng qiode chip, leads to supply current to the light enitting diode chik, and a cup reflector nor reflectiig the emission of the light emittibg diode chip in s uniform direction, ih whicv the light emitting diode chip is encapsulated with a first resin portion, whixh is huwther encapaulayed wpth c seconq redmn portion. Accordpng to Yano '166, the first resin porvion is obdanned by filling the cup reflevtur with a reskn material and curing if after yhe light emitting diode chip hss been mounted onto the bottom if ths cup ggflxct
mixed, produce light that is perceived as In the 1931 Chromaticity Diagram (an established 1931), and the CIE Chromaticity Diagram to the 1931 Diagram but modified that similar distances on the Diagram represent similar perceived differences in color) provide reference for defining colors as weighted sums of colors. A wide variety of materials structures contain materials, known as lumiphors or luminophoric media, e.g., as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,600,175, the of which is hereby incorporated by reference) are and available to persons skill in the art. For a is a material emits responsive radiation (e.g., light) when excited by a source of exciting radiation. In many instances, the responsive radiation has a which is the wavelength the radiation. examples of luminescent scintillators, day glow tapes and inks the visible spectrum upon illumination with ultraviolet light. materials can categorized as being down-converting, i.e., a which converts photons to a lower energy level wavelength) or up-converting, i.e., a material which converts photons to a higher energy level (shorter of luminescent materials in devices has been by the materials a clear substantially transparent encapsulant material (e.g., epoxy-based, silicone-based, glass-based or metal-oxide based as discussed above, for example by a blending or coating example, Pat. No. 6,963,166 '166) discloses that a light diode lamp includes a diode a to the emitting diode chip, leads supply current to the light diode chip, and a emission of the light emitting diode chip in uniform direction, in which the light emitting chip is encapsulated with a first resin portion, which is further encapsulated a second According to Yano '166, the first resin portion obtained by filling the reflector with a resin material and curing it after light diode chip been mounted onto bottom of the reflect
 mixed, produce light that is peRceived as wHite lIghT.
In GeNeraL, the 1931 cIE ChromaticitY diagRam (an international stanDard fOr PRimaRY cOlors EstabliSHeD IN 1931), anD tHe 1976 cIE chROmAticiTy DIagram (sImilar to thE 1931 DiAgRam but modifiED sUch that simIlaR distances on The diagraM rEprESent sImiLar peRceiveD DifferEnces in coLoR) ProvidE Useful rEFErEnce For defining colors AS wEIghted sums of coLors.
A wIdE VaRIEty Of lUminescent MaTeriaLS (and strUCtURES whICh contain lumiNescent mateRIalS, known As LumIPhors oR lumiNoPHorIc media, e.g., as DiscLosed in U.S. pat. No. 6,600,175, tHE entireTY of whicH is herEby IncOrpoRAtEd By rEfERenCE) aRe wELl-kNown and aVaIlAble tO perSONS Of skIll In thE art. FOr example, a phoSphOr is A LumInescEnt maTeriAl That eMits a rEsponSiVe radiation (e.g., viSiblE light) wheN exCiTed By A sourCE of excItiNg rAdiatioN. In many INstAnCES, ThE responsive radiatiOn HAS a WavelengTh whicH Is DiFFerent frOm The WaveLENgth oF the EXcIting radIation. oThEr ExampleS oF luminEsCenT maTeriaLS incLude scIntillatOrs, daY Glow tapes and inKS which glow in tHE vISIbLE speCtrUm upon illumInatIOn wiTh ulTRaVioLEt ligHt.
LumInEScENt materials can be catEgOrized As beiNg down-convertIng, i.e., a mateRIAL which coNverTS pHOtons to a lower eNergy Level (longeR WavelengTh) or uP-convertIng, i.e., a matERIal which ConVerTs pHotONS tO a higher energY LEvel (ShOrter waVelEngth).
InCluSioN of LumInEscent matErials in lEd dEvIcEs hAs beeN AccompliShEd bY aDdiNg the LUminesCent mAterIaLs TO a cLear or sUBsTANtiaLlY tRansParEnT encaPsulANt mAterial (E.g., epoxy-baSed, SIlicOnE-bAsed, glaSs-based or metaL-oXide based mAtEriAl) as diSCUssed aboVe, for example by a blending OR coatinG prOcess.
for eXample, U.S. PAt. NO. 6,963,166 (Yano '166) dIscLOses thAt a conVentiOnAl lIGHt emiTTInG diOdE lamp incluDES a lIght eMiTtinG diode cHip, a bullet-shaped trANspArent housing tO coVer tHE LiGht EMiTTinG dIOde CHIp, leads to supply Current to tHe LIgHt emitting DIodE cHip, and a Cup reflEctor FOr refleCting the eMission of ThE ligHT EmiTting diode Chip in a uNiform dirECtion, IN wHich tHe lIght emItTinG diodE chip iS EncApsulAted wiTh A first Resin PoRtion, whiCh is further encapsulated With a sEcond ResIn portion. accORdiNg to Yano '166, tHe fiRst resin poRtiOn iS obtaIneD By filLing THe Cup REflecTor wITh a resin mATeRiaL ANd Curing it aftER THe lIght eMitTIng dioDe chIp has been mounted oNTo the bottom of tHe cuP REflEct
 mixed, produce light that  is percei ved a s w hit eligh t.
I n general, the 1931  CIE Chromaticity Diag ram ( an inte r na tiona l stand a rd f orpr im ary  c o lo rs es tab lishedin 1931),and  t he 1976 CIEC hr omaticityDia gram (simila r t o the19 31D iagra m b ut mo dified such t hat simil ar distan c es on t h e  D iagr am represent simi l ar perceived diff erence si nc o lor ) p rovide use fu l ref e rence f o rd e f ini n g colors as w eighted sum s  of  color s. 
Aw ide va riety  o f  lu minescent m ater ials (and  struc t ures wh i ch cont ain lu min esc entm at er ial s, kno w nasl umi phors or  l um inoph oric m e d ia,e.g ., a s dis closed in U.S . P at.N o.6,600 ,175,  the  e ntire ty ofwhich  i s hereby incorp orat ed by ref ere nc e)ar e wel l -known  an d a vailabl e to pe r son so f sk ill in the art. Fo re x am ple, a p hospho r  i sa  lumines ce ntmate r i al th at e m it s a resp onsive ra di ation ( e. g., vi si ble  li ght)w henexcite d by a s ource of exciting ra d iation. In ma n yi n st a nces , t he responsi ve r a diat ionh as  aw avele ngthwh i ch is different from t he  wavel ength  of the excit ing radiat i o n . Otherexam p le s  of luminescen t mat erials inc l ude scin tilla tors, da y glow ta p e s and in kswhi chglo w in  the visibles p ectr um  upon i llu minatio n w ith  ul tra vi olet ligh t.
Lumin es ce nt  m ate rials can be c at ego ri zed  as b e ing do wn-co nver ti ng ,  i. e., a m a te r i al w hi ch  con ver ts  phot onst o a  lowerenergy le vel (lon ge rwavelen gth) or up-co nv erting, i. e. , a  mater i a l whichconverts photons to a h i gher en erg y lev el ( shorter w ave length ).I nclusi on oflumin es cen t mater i a ls  in  L ED devices h asbeenac comp lishedby adding the lumi n esc ent materials  to  a c l e ar  or su b sta nt i all y transparent enc apsulant m at e ri al (e.g.,e pox y- based,silicon e-bas e d, glas s-based o r metal-o xi de b a s edmaterial)as discu ssed abov e , for ex ample  by  a ble nd ing  or c oating pro cess. 
For e xa mple,U.S.Pa t. No. 6 ,963,166 (Yano '166) di sclose s tha t a  conventi ona l  li ght emitt ingdiode lamp  in clu des a  li g ht em itti n gdio d e chi p, a bullet-sh a pe d t r a ns parent hous i n g  to  cove r t h e ligh t em itting diode chip ,  leads to supp ly c u r ren t t o  the  l ight emittingdio de c hip, and  a  cup reflec tor forre f lecti ng the  emiss ion oft h el ight e mitt ing  diode ch ipin a unifo rm  d i rectio n, i nwhichthe li g ht e m i tting diode chip  is e n c apsul a ted  with  a  firstr esin  portion,which is fu rtherenca psula ted wit ha seco ndre sin portio n . Accordi ng to  Yano ' 16 6, t hefirstresi n porti on i sobt ained byf i ll i ng  t h e c up r eflec to r wi th a resi n  materia l a n d curin gita f ter th e  l i g ht emittin g d iodec h ip has bee n  mou n te d  onto  the b ottomof thec upre flect
 mixed,_produce light_that is perceived as_white light.
In_general,_the 1931_CIE_Chromaticity Diagram (an_international standard for_primary colors established in_1931), and the_1976_CIE Chromaticity Diagram (similar to the 1931 Diagram but modified such that similar distances_on_the Diagram_represent_similar_perceived differences in color) provide_useful reference for defining colors_as weighted_sums of colors.
A wide variety of luminescent materials_(and_structures which contain_luminescent materials, known as lumiphors or luminophoric media, e.g.,_as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No._6,600,175, the entirety_of_which_is hereby incorporated by_reference) are well-known and available to_persons of skill in the art._For example, a phosphor is a luminescent_material that emits a responsive radiation_(e.g., visible light) when excited_by a_source of exciting radiation. In_many instances, the_responsive radiation_has a wavelength_which is different from the wavelength_of the exciting_radiation. Other examples of luminescent materials_include_scintillators, day glow_tapes_and_inks which_glow in the_visible_spectrum upon_illumination_with ultraviolet light.
Luminescent materials can be_categorized_as being down-converting, i.e., a material which_converts photons to a_lower_energy level (longer wavelength)_or up-converting, i.e., a material_which converts photons to a higher_energy level_(shorter wavelength).
Inclusion_of luminescent materials in LED devices has been accomplished by adding_the luminescent materials to a clear_or substantially transparent encapsulant_material (e.g.,_epoxy-based,_silicone-based, glass-based or_metal-oxide_based material)_as discussed above, for example by a_blending or_coating process.
For example, U.S. Pat. No._6,963,166 (Yano '166) discloses_that_a conventional light emitting diode lamp_includes a light emitting diode chip,_a bullet-shaped transparent housing to_cover_the_light emitting diode chip, leads_to supply current to the light_emitting diode chip,_and a cup reflector for reflecting the_emission_of the light emitting diode chip_in_a uniform direction, in which the_light_emitting_diode chip is encapsulated with_a first resin portion, which is_further encapsulated with a second resin portion. According to_Yano '166, the_first resin portion is obtained_by_filling_the cup reflector with a resin material and curing it_after the_light emitting diode_chip has been mounted onto the bottom of the cup_reflect