 converter is plugged onto the processor package edge in a direction that is generally parallel to the surface of the motherboard (transverse to the Z-axis direction).
This configuration results in a number of difficulties. With the processor already attached to the motherboard, the action of plugging the converter into the processor carrier along the surface of the motherboard (e.g., the X-axis direction) is prone to interference from upwardly directed components already on the motherboard. Moreover, there is little room to manipulate the converter connections along the motherboard. The interconnection of the converter and the processor carrier is awkward, increasing the demands on assembly workers and requiring more elaborate interconnection devices. A complex rigid mount mechanism is used to align the processor package and the DC-to-DC converter in both the Z and X axis. This takes up a large amount of motherboard real estate.
Thus, there is a need for an improved way of delivering power to a processor package edge. The present invention generally relates to voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs). More particularly, this invention relates to programmable varactors for VCOs.
An electronic oscillator may be an electronic circuit that produces an electric signal. A voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) may be an electronic oscillator. A VCO may be used, for example, in a radio transceiver such as a mobile telephone.
The frequency of a VCO output signal may be controlled by an input tuning voltage of the VCO. The frequency may be tuned by a variable capacitor having a particular capacitance. As shown, the particular capacitance may be a function of the input tuning voltage
            f      ⁡              (        C        )              =          1              2        ⁢        π        ⁢                  LC                     ,      C    =                  C        0            +              C        CT            +                        C          VAR                ⁡                  (          V          )                     ,          ⁢            K      V        =                                                ⅆ            f                                ⅆ            V                                      =                                                                            ⅆ                f                                            ⅆ                C                                      ⁢                                          ⅆ                C                                            ⅆ                V                                                              =                              2            ⁢                          π              2                        ⁢                          Lf                                                                                ⁢                3                                      ⁢                                                                          ⅆ                  C                        
converter is plugged onto the processor package edge in a steering that is by and large parallel to the surface of the motherboard (transverse to the Z - bloc direction). 
 This configuration results in a act of difficulties. With the processor already attach to the motherboard, the action of plugging the converter into the central processing unit carrier along the surface of the motherboard (e.g., the X - axis commission) is prone to interference from upwardly direct components already on the motherboard. Moreover, there embody little room to manipulate the converter connections along the motherboard. The interconnection of the converter and the central processing unit carrier is awkward, increasing the need on assembly worker and requiring more elaborate interconnection devices. A complex rigid mount mechanism is use to align the processor package and the DC - to - DC converter in both the Z and X axis. This takes up a big amount of motherboard real estate. 
 Thus, there is a need for an improved way of delivering power to a processor software boundary. The present invention generally relates to voltage controlled oscillator (VCOs). More peculiarly, this invention relates to programmable varactors for VCOs. 
 An electronic oscillator may be an electronic circuit that produces an electric signal. A voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) may be an electronic oscillator. A VCO may be used, for example, in a radio transceiver such as a fluid telephone. 
 The frequency of a VCO output signal may be controlled by an input tuning voltage of the VCO. The frequency may be tuned by a variable capacitor having a particular capacitance. As shown, the particular capacitance may be a affair of the input tuning electric potential 
             f       ⁡               (        C        )               =           1               2         ⁢         π         ⁢                   LC                     ,       C     =                   C         0             +               C         CT             +                         C           VAR                 ⁡                   (          five          )                     ,           ⁢             K       V         =                                                  ⅆ             f                                 ⅆ             V                                        =                                                                              ⅆ                 f                                             ⅆ                 C                                       ⁢                                           ⅆ                 C                                             ⅆ                 V                                                                =                               2             ⁢                           π               2                         ⁢                           Lf                                                                                 ⁢                 3                                       ⁢                                                                            ⅆ                   hundred
 cojverter is plugged onto uhe processor package edje in a directiun that is generally parallep ro tht surface of the mogherboard (transveese uo the Z-axis direrfion).
This confjnuratnoi results in a kumber of dhfficulties. Widh tke processor already attached to the mothernowrd, the action of kludginf the converter into the processor carrieg along the surfave of the motherboard (e.g., tje X-wxis direction) is orone to injsrfqeence from uowardly digzcted compohents already on the motherboara. Morzover, there iw lljtle room to maniiulate the coknerter wonnectoons along the movhervoard. The interconnecvion of the convertet and the [rkcessor carrier iw qwkwatd, inwrearung tht dxmahds on asaembly woriers and rewuiring more elaborstq interconnectjon dedises. A complex rigid mount mechanism is lsed to align the processor package and the DC-to-FC convereer in both the Z and X axis. This takes up a larga amonng oy mothdeblard real estate.
Thus, there is a need for an iilrpvvd way of deliverlng power to a provedspt package edge. The pxsssnt invention genegally rglates to voltade cpntrolled oscillators (VCOs). Nore particujqrly, this inventiou relates to probrammsble varactors for VCOs.
Cn eledtronic osclllator mzh be an electronkc bircgit that produces an electwic signao. A roltage zonttolled jscillator (VCO) may be an electronif oscnllatmr. A VCO mwy be used, for example, in a radmp transceivet sgch as a moyile tclephone.
The frezuency of a VCP outpuc signxl may be bontrollev by an inpue tuning voltdhe of the VCM. The frqquebcy nay be gjned by a varisble capabiuor having a particular capagitanzs. As shown, the 'cruixular capacitamce mar he a xunction of dhe knpjy tunkng volucge
            f      ⁡              (        C        )              =          1              2        ⁢        π        ⁢                  LC                     ,      C    =                  E        0            +              C        CT            +                        C          VWR                ⁡                  (          Y          )                     ,          ⁢            K      V        =                                                ⅆ            f                                ⅆ            V                                      =                                                                            ⅆ                f                                            ⅆ                C                                      ⁢                                          ⅆ                C                                            ⅆ                B                                                              =                              2            ⁢                          π              2                        ⁢                          Lf                                                                                ⁢                3                                      ⁢                                                                          ⅆ                  Z                        
converter is plugged onto the processor package a that is parallel to the to Z-axis direction). This results in a of difficulties. With the processor already to the motherboard, the action of plugging the converter into the processor carrier the surface of the motherboard (e.g., the X-axis direction) is prone to interference upwardly components on motherboard. Moreover, there is little room to manipulate the converter connections along the motherboard. The interconnection the converter and the processor carrier is awkward, the demands on assembly and requiring more elaborate interconnection A rigid mount is to the processor package the DC-to-DC converter in both the Z and X axis. This takes up a large amount of real estate. is a for improved of delivering power processor package edge. The present invention voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs). More particularly, this invention to programmable for VCOs. An electronic oscillator may an electronic circuit that produces an electric signal. voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) may be an electronic oscillator. A VCO may be used, for a radio transceiver such a mobile telephone. frequency a output may be by an input tuning voltage of the VCO. The frequency may tuned by a variable capacitor having a particular capacitance. As particular may be a of the input tuning f ( C ) = ⁢ ⁢ = 0 C CT + C ⁡ ( V ) , K V =  =  ⅆ f ⅆ C ⁢ ⅆ ⅆ V  = 2 ⁢ π ⁢ Lf ⁢ 3 ⁢  ⅆ C
 converter is plugged onto the Processor pAckagE edGe iN a DireCtioN that is generalLY parAllel to the surface of the MotheRbOArd (tRAnSversE to the Z-AXiS DIreCtIoN).
ThIs COnFigurAtiOn resulTs in a numbeR of DiFficulties. WiTH tHe processoR alReady attacheD to The motHeRboARd, the ActIon of PluggiNG the coNverter inTo THe procESsor carRIEr AlonG the surface of the mOThERboard (e.g., the X-axIs direCtIOn) IS ProNe tO interfereNcE from UPwardly DIrECTEd cOMponents alreaDy on the mothERboArd. MorEoVer, THere is LittlE rOOm tO manipulate The cOnverter cOnnectIOns alonG The mothErboarD. ThE inTercONnEcTioN oF The COnVerTEr aNd the proCeSsOr carRier IS AWKwarD, inCreaSing tHe demands on asSemBly wORkeRs and RequiRing MoRe elaBorate InterCoNnection devices. a comPlex rigid MouNt MecHaNism iS Used to AliGn tHe proceSsor pacKAge AnD THE Dc-to-DC converter in boTh THE Z And X axis. this taKEs Up A Large amoUnT of MothERBoard Real EStAte.
Thus, tHere is A NeEd For an imPrOved waY oF deLivEring POwer To a proCessor paCkage EDge. The present iNVention generaLLy RELaTEs to VolTage controlLed oSCillAtorS (vCos). MORe parTiculArLY, tHIs invention relates tO pRogramMable Varactors for VcOs.
An electRONIc oscillAtor MAy BE an electronic cIrcuiT that produCEs an elecTric sIgnal. A voLtage contROLled osciLlaTor (vCO) May BE An Electronic oscILLatoR. A vCO may bE usEd, for exAmpLe, iN a rAdiO tRansceiveR such as a MoBiLe TeLepHone.
THE frequenCy Of a vCo ouTput sIGnal maY be coNtroLlEd BY an Input tuNInG VOltaGe Of The VcO. THe FrequEncy MAy bE tuned bY a variablE caPAcitOr HaVing a paRticular capacItAnce. As showN, tHe pArticuLAR capacitAnce may be a function of the INput tunIng VoltaGe
            f      ⁡              (        C        )              =          1              2        ⁢        Π        ⁢                  LC                     ,      C    =                  C        0            +              C        CT            +                        C          vAR                ⁡                  (          v          )                     ,          ⁢            K      V        =                                                ⅆ            f                                ⅆ            v                                      =                                                                            ⅆ                f                                            ⅆ                c                                      ⁢                                          ⅆ                C                                            ⅆ                V                                                              =                              2            ⁢                          π              2                        ⁢                          lf                                                                                ⁢                3                                      ⁢                                                                          ⅆ                  C                        
 converter is plugged onto  the proce ssorpac kag eedge  ina direction th a t is  generally parallel to  thesu r face of  themotherb o ar d (tr an sv ers et othe Z -ax is dire ction).
Th isco nfigurationr es ults in anum ber of diffi cul ties.Wi tht he pr oce ssoralread y  attac hed to th em otherb o ard, th e ac tion  of plugging thec on v erter into the  proce ss o rc a rri eralong thesu rface of them ot h e r boa r d (e.g., theX-axis dire c tio n) ispr one to int erfer en c e f rom upwardl y di rected co mponen t s alrea d y on th e moth erb oar d. M o re ov er,  t h ere is  li t tle  room to  m an ipula te t h e c onve rte r co nnect ions along th e m othe r boa rd. T he in terc on necti on ofthe c on verter and theproc essor car rie risaw kward ,  incre asi ngthe dem ands on ass em b l y  w orkers and requiri ng m or e elabor ate in t er co n nectionde vic es.A compl ex r i gi d mountmechan i sm  i s usedto  align  t hepro cesso r  pac kage a nd the D C-to- D C converter in both the Z an d  X a xi s . Th istakes up alarg e  amo unto fmot h erboa rd re al es t ate.
Thus, there is  a  needfor a n improved wa y of deliv e r i ng power  toa  p r ocessor packag e edg e. The pre s ent inve ntion  general ly relate s to volta gecon tro lle d os cillators (VC O s ). M or e parti cul arly, t his  in ven tio nrelates t o progra mm ab le  v ara ctors for VCOs .Anel ect ronic oscill atormaybe  a n  el ectroni c  c i r cuit  t ha t pr odu ce s anelec t ric  signal . A volta gec ontr ol le d oscil lator (VCO) m ay  be an ele ct ron ic osc i l lator. A  VCO may be used, for e x ample,ina rad io t ransceive r s uch as  am obileteleph one.Th e f r e quenc y of  aVC O output s i g nal  maybe  con trolled  by an input tunin g  vo ltage of theVCO . Th e fr equ e nc y  ma yb e t u n ed by a variabl e capacito rh av ing a part i cul ar  capaci tance.As sh o wn, the  particul ar capaci ta ncem a y b e a functi on of th e input t u ningv ol tage         f    ⁡          (      C       )             =          1            2      ⁢       π       ⁢               LC               ,    C     =              C    0        +            C        CT          +                   C        VAR           ⁡                (         V          )                ,       ⁢         K       V      =                                    ⅆ          f                          ⅆ          V                               =                                                     ⅆ              f                             ⅆ           C                             ⁢                               ⅆ             C                                   ⅆ           V                                               =                            2        ⁢                     π             2                   ⁢                  Lf                                                         ⁢          3                              ⁢                                                             ⅆ            C                  
 converter_is plugged_onto the processor package_edge in_a_direction that_is_generally parallel to_the surface of_the motherboard (transverse to_the Z-axis direction).
This_configuration_results in a number of difficulties. With the processor already attached to the motherboard,_the_action of_plugging_the_converter into the processor carrier_along the surface of the_motherboard (e.g.,_the X-axis direction) is prone to interference from_upwardly_directed components already_on the motherboard. Moreover, there is little room to_manipulate the converter connections along the_motherboard. The interconnection_of_the_converter and the processor_carrier is awkward, increasing the demands_on assembly workers and requiring more_elaborate interconnection devices. A complex rigid mount_mechanism is used to align the_processor package and the DC-to-DC_converter in_both the Z and X_axis. This takes_up a_large amount of_motherboard real estate.
Thus, there is a_need for an_improved way of delivering power to_a_processor package edge._The_present_invention generally_relates to voltage_controlled_oscillators (VCOs)._More_particularly, this invention relates to programmable_varactors_for VCOs.
An electronic oscillator may be an_electronic circuit that produces_an_electric signal. A voltage_controlled oscillator (VCO) may be_an electronic oscillator. A VCO may_be used,_for example,_in a radio transceiver such as a mobile telephone.
The frequency of_a VCO output signal may be_controlled by an input_tuning voltage_of_the VCO. The_frequency_may be_tuned by a variable capacitor having a_particular capacitance._As shown, the particular capacitance may_be a function of_the_input tuning voltage
   _     _  f  ___ ⁡   _     _  _ (     __ C    __  )   ___    _   =  _       1 _  _    ___  2       _⁢ _  _   π      _ ⁢     _          _ LC      _      _   __  ,    __C__  =_  _  _ _  _ _  __C        0         _  +   _    __  _ C  _     CT  _        _+_ _   _ _ _  _ _ _ _    C  __      VAR  ____  _  _  _ ⁡ __     _  _   _  (       _  V          )    _ _   _ __     _ ,_       __⁢           _K__  __V     ___=__     _      __    _ __   _   _          __ ___ⅆ_   _       f       __    _     __   _       ⅆ_    _   _  V                  _    _    _  __  _  = _       _                 _      _  _ _        _          _             __ ⅆ    _     _   _ f  __  _ _   _   _       _  _          _     ⅆ               _C  __           _ _        _       ___ ⁢  __    _   _ _      _ _   _    _     __  ⅆ   _ __ _ __  _ C_ __ _ __ _ __      _  _     _     __ _     ⅆ   _     _ _   _V   _ _ __      _         _ __          _   _   _   _ _ _      =___        _     _  _ __  _ _ 2    _ __    ⁢  __     _ _      _ _     π ___   _      2     __   _   _ _       ⁢      ___    __   _       Lf__        _                   __  ___ _   _  _ _   _   _                   _    ⁢_      _  _  __ 3_  _    _   _  __     _  _   _  _ __  ⁢_  _ _         _       _  _     _   ___      _    _            _    _     ⅆ _      _     _  _C_             __        