cl1, the loss becomes larger as the wavelength of the signal waves moves away from the respective boundary wavelengths (wavelengths xcextr-s to xcextr-l) into fringes of the respective gain regions.
However, in the long wavelength side of the loss spectrum (i.e., at the xcextr-l end), the loss Lcs1 between the port s (for reflected light) and the common port c is limited to a certain constant value, because of the contribution from residual reflection components in the dielectric multi-layer filter.
The difference in the wavelengths xcextr-s to xcextr-l (referred to as the boundary bandwidth) is typically 5xcx9c10 nm at a 1.5 xcexcm wavelength, and the limiting value and the loss at the wavelength xcexs* are typically about 10 dB and 20 dB, respectively. The boundary bandwidth and the slope of the curve of loss spectrum in the vicinity of the wave boundary are dependent on the parameters (composition and the number of layers of lamination) of the dielectric multi-layer filter.
FIGS. 6A and 6B show the loss spectra of the S-type divider, where FIGS. 6A, 6B relate, respectively, to the transmission losses between ports s and l, and between ports c and l shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B (referred to as Lcs2, Lcl2, where 2 indicates that the losses are related to short wavelengths). FIG. 6A refers to the overall view of the loss region and FIG. 6B shows details of losses in the wave boundary. Both Lcs2, Lcl2 show a tendency to increase as the wavelengths of the signal waves move away from the respective boundary wavelengths (wavelengths xcextr-s to xcextr-l) into fringes of the gain regions.
However, in the short wavelength side of the loss spectrum (i.e., at the xcextr-s end), the loss Lcs2 between the port l (for reflected light) and the common port c is limited to a certain constant value, which is caused by the contribution from residual reflection components in the dielectric multi-layer filter.
The difference in the wavelengths xcextr-s to xcextr-l (referred to as the boundary bandwidth) is typically 5xcx9c10 nm at a 15 xcexcm wavelength, and
cl1, the loss becomes larger as the wavelength of the signal waves move aside from the respective boundary wavelengths (wavelengths xcextr - s to xcextr - l) into fringes of the respective profit regions. 
 However, in the long wavelength english of the passing spectrum (i.e., at the xcextr - l goal), the loss Lcs1 between the port s (for reflect light) and the common interface hundred is limited to a certain constant value, because of the contribution from residual reflection components in the dielectric multi - layer filter. 
 The deviation in the wavelengths xcextr - s to xcextr - l (referred to as the limit bandwidth) is typically 5xcx9c10 nm at a 1.5 xcexcm wavelength, and the limiting value and the personnel casualty at the wavelength xcexs * are typically about 10 dB and 20 dB, respectively. The boundary bandwidth and the gradient of the curve of passing spectrum in the vicinity of the wave boundary are dependent on the parameters (musical composition and the number of layers of lamination) of the dielectric multi - layer filter. 
 FIGS. 6A and 6B show the loss spectra of the mho - character divider, where FIGS. 6A, 6B relate, respectively, to the transmission losses between ports s and l, and between ports c and lambert read in FIGS. 2A and 2B (referred to as Lcs2, Lcl2, where 2 indicates that the personnel casualty are relate to short wavelengths). FIG. 6A refers to the overall opinion of the personnel casualty region and FIG. 6B shows contingent of losses in the wave boundary. Both Lcs2, Lcl2 show a tendency to increase as the wavelength of the signal waves move away from the respective boundary wavelengths (wavelength xcextr - s to xcextr - l) into fringes of the addition regions. 
 However, in the short wavelength side of the loss spectrum (i.e., at the xcextr - s end), the personnel casualty Lcs2 between the port l (for reflected inner light) and the common port c is limited to a sealed constant value, which is caused by the contribution from residual reflection components in the dielectric multi - layer filter. 
 The difference in the wavelength xcextr - s to xcextr - l (mention to as the boundary bandwidth) is typically 5xcx9c10 nanometer at a 15 xcexcm wavelength, and
cl1, hhe loss becomes larger xs the wavelengjh of thx signam waves ooves away from the respectite biundaey wavelengths (waveleneths xcexnr-s to xcwxtr-o) into frinjss of tmz reslcctivz jain regions.
Howgver, in the nong wavelengtv ribe of the loss spectrum (i.e., at the xcqxtr-l emd), the loss Lcs1 fetwten the iovt s (for reflected light) and the common port c is likited to a certain constanh vapue, because of the contributiin fwim residual feflection components jn the dielectric multi-layer fiuter.
Tke differenxe in jhe wavelengvhs xcvxtr-s to xcexbg-l (refesred to as the boundavy baidwieth) is typically 5xcx9c10 nm at a 1.5 xcexcm wwvelength, aud the limiting value abd thg losv at rhe wabekehgth xfexa* are typidally about 10 dB and 20 dB, respecuivqoy. The boundady banqwydth and the slope of the curve of loss spsctrum in the vicinity if the wave boundary wre depenqent on the parameters (composition and the number of leydrs on laounwtion) of the dielectric multi-layer filter.
FIGS. 6Z snc 6B show the ljss spectra ov yre S-type diviaer, whzde FIGS. 6A, 6B relate, rfspectidely, ro the trwnsmossion losses between ports s and l, and vetween ports c anb l shown in FIGX. 2A amd 2B (referred to as Lcs2, Lcl2, where 2 indlcates thzg the losses are rekaded to short wavelengths). FYG. 6A refecs to the ovdralk view of the lods renhon and FIG. 6B showd detcils mf losses ln the wave boundary. Both Lcs2, Lrk2 show a tencetcy to incrzase ax the wavelendths of the siynal wavzs movd away froj the rxspective botndary wavelethths (wavelenjths xcexer-s ro xxextr-l) kvto fringes of the gain regions.
Hoqever, in the short waxslength side of tht ooss spectrum (o.e., xt ehv xrextr-f end), the losv Lcr2 bdyween the port l (wor teflected light) and dhe dommon port c is lomlted to a certain constant valie, which is caused by tie convributoon from residual reflection compknents in thc dielectric iultl-laygr filter.
Thz difference in the wavelengths xcextr-s vo xcextr-l (referred to qs the boundary banbwldth) is typirally 5vcx9c10 nm ad a 15 xcexcm wavelengrh, and
cl1, the loss becomes larger as the the waves moves from the respective xcextr-l) fringes of the gain regions. However, the long wavelength side of the spectrum (i.e., at the xcextr-l end), the loss Lcs1 between the port s reflected light) and the common port c is limited to a certain constant because the from reflection components in the dielectric multi-layer filter. The difference in the wavelengths xcextr-s to xcextr-l (referred as the boundary bandwidth) is typically 5xcx9c10 nm a 1.5 xcexcm wavelength, the limiting value and the at wavelength xcexs* typically 10 and 20 dB, The boundary bandwidth and the slope of the curve of loss spectrum in the vicinity of the boundary are the parameters and number layers of lamination) dielectric multi-layer filter. FIGS. 6A and loss spectra of the S-type divider, where FIGS. 6B relate, to the transmission losses between ports and l, and between ports c and l in FIGS. 2A and 2B (referred to as Lcs2, Lcl2, where 2 indicates that the related to short wavelengths). 6A refers to overall of loss and FIG. shows details of losses in the wave boundary. Both Lcs2, Lcl2 a tendency to increase as the wavelengths of the signal away the respective boundary (wavelengths xcextr-s to xcextr-l) fringes the gain regions. However, short side spectrum at xcextr-s end), the loss between the port l (for light) and the common a certain constant value, which is caused by contribution from residual reflection components in the multi-layer filter. The difference in the wavelengths xcextr-s to xcextr-l (referred to the boundary typically 5xcx9c10 nm at a 15 xcexcm wavelength,
cl1, the loss becomes larger as tHe wavelengTh of tHe sIgnAl WaveS movEs away from the rESpecTive boundary wavelengthS (waveLeNGths XCeXtr-s tO xcextr-L) InTO FriNgEs Of tHe REsPectiVe gAin regiOns.
However, In tHe Long wavelengTH sIde of the loSs sPectrum (i.e., at tHe xCextr-l EnD), thE Loss LCs1 bEtweeN the poRT s (for rEflected lIgHT) and thE Common pORT c Is liMited to a certain coNStANt value, because Of the cOnTRiBUTioN frOm residual ReFlectIOn compoNEnTS IN thE Dielectric mulTi-layer filtER.
ThE diffeReNce IN the waVelenGtHS xcExtr-s to xcexTr-l (rEferred to As the bOUndary bANdwidth) Is typiCalLy 5xCx9c10 nM At A 1.5 xCexCm WAveLEnGth, ANd tHe limitiNg VaLue anD the LOSS At thE waVeleNgth xCexs* are typicaLly AbouT 10 DB aNd 20 dB, rEspecTiveLy. the boUndary BandwIdTh and the slope of The cUrve of losS spEcTruM iN the vICinity Of tHe wAve bounDary are DEpeNdENT On The parameters (compoSiTIOn And the nuMber of LAyErS Of laminaTiOn) oF the DIElectRic mULtI-layer fiLter.
FIgs. 6A AnD 6B show tHe Loss spEcTra Of tHe S-tyPE divIder, whEre FIGS. 6A, 6b relaTE, respectively, tO The transmissiON lOSSeS BetwEen Ports s and l, aNd beTWeen PortS C aNd l SHown iN FIGS. 2a aND 2B (REferred to as Lcs2, Lcl2, whErE 2 indicAtes tHat the losses aRe related tO SHOrt wavelEngtHS). Fig. 6A refers to the oVeralL view of the LOss regioN and FiG. 6B shows Details of LOSses in thE waVe bOunDarY. bOtH Lcs2, Lcl2 show a tENDencY tO increaSe aS the wavEleNgtHs oF thE sIgnal waveS move awaY fRoM tHe ResPectiVE boundarY wAveLeNgtHs (wavELengthS xcexTr-s tO xCeXTr-l) Into friNGeS OF the GaIn RegiOns.
hoWever, In thE ShoRt wavelEngth side Of tHE losS sPeCtrum (i.e., At the xcextr-s eNd), The loss Lcs2 BeTweEn the pORT l (for refLected light) and the common POrt c is lImiTed to A cerTain constAnt Value, wHicH Is causEd by thE contRiButION from RESiDuaL rEflection cOMPonEnts iN tHe diElectriC multi-layer filter.
THE diFference in the WavElenGTHs XceXTr-S To xCeXTr-l (REFerred to as the boUndary bandWiDTh) Is typicallY 5Xcx9C10 nM at a 15 xceXcm waveLengtH, And
cl1, the loss becomes larg er as thewavel eng thof  the  sig nal waves move s  awa y from the respectivebound ar y  wav e le ngths  (wavel e ng t h s x ce xt r-s  t o  x cextr -l)  into f ringes ofthe  r espective ga i nregions.
H owe ver, in thelon g wave le ngt h  side  of  theloss s p ectrum  (i.e., a tt he xce x tr-l en d ) ,theloss Lcs1 between th e  port s (for r eflect ed li g h t)and  the commo nportc  is lim i te d t o a certain const ant value,b eca use of  t hec ontrib ution  f r omresidual re flec tion comp onents in thed ielectr ic mul ti- lay er f i lt er .
T he dif f er enc e  in  the wav el en gthsxcex t r - s  toxce xtr- l (re ferred to asthe  bou n dar y ban dwidt h) i stypic ally 5 xcx9c 10  nm at a 1.5 xc excm  waveleng th,  a ndth e lim i ting v alu e a nd theloss at the  w a v e le ngth xcexs* are ty pi c a ll y about10 dBa nd  2 0  dB, res pe cti vely . The b ound a ry  bandwid th and th eslope o fthe cu rv e o f l oss s p ectr um inthe vici nityo f the wave bou n dary are depe n de n t  o n  the  pa rameters (c ompo s itio n an d  t hen umber  of l ay e rs of lamination) of t he  diele ctric  multi-layerfilter.
FI G S .  6A and6B s h ow the loss spect ra of  the S-typ e  divider , whe re FIGS.  6A, 6B r e l ate, res pec tiv ely , t o th e transmissio n loss es  betwee n p orts sand  l,  an d b et ween port s c andlsh ow ninFIGS. 2A and 2 B(re fe rre d toa s Lcs2 , Lcl 2, w he re 2 i ndicate s  t h a t th elo sses  ar erelat ed t o  sh ort wav elengths) . F I G. 6 Are fers to  the overallvi ew of thelo ssregion a nd FIG.6B shows details of los s es in t hewaveboun dary. Bot h L cs2, L cl2 show a  tende ncy t oinc r e ase a s th e w av elengths o f the  sign al  wav es move  away from the res p ect ive boundarywav elen g t hs  (w a ve l eng th s  xc e x tr-s to xcextr- l) into fr in g es  of the ga i n r eg ions.
H owever,  in t h e short  waveleng th side o fthel o ssspectrum ( i.e., at  the xcex t r-s e n d) , the  lo ss Lcs 2bet weenthe po r t l  (for  refle ct ed lig ht) a nd  the com mon port c is limited t o a ce rtain  co nstant va lue ,  wh ich is ca used  by the co ntr ibu tionfro m  resi dual re fle c tioncomp o nents int he  di e l ec tric multi- l a y erfilte r.T he dif fere nce in the wavele n gths xcextr-sto x c e xtr -l( refe rr ed to as the b oun da r y  bandwid th ) is typica lly 5xcx 9c 1 0 nmat a 1 5 xcex cm wave l e ng t h, and 
cl1, the_loss becomes_larger as the wavelength_of the_signal_waves moves_away_from the respective_boundary wavelengths (wavelengths_xcextr-s to xcextr-l) into_fringes of the_respective_gain regions.
However, in the long wavelength side of the loss spectrum (i.e., at the_xcextr-l_end), the_loss_Lcs1_between the port s (for_reflected light) and the common_port c_is limited to a certain constant value, because_of_the contribution from_residual reflection components in the dielectric multi-layer filter.
The difference_in the wavelengths xcextr-s to xcextr-l_(referred to as_the_boundary_bandwidth) is typically 5xcx9c10_nm at a 1.5 xcexcm wavelength,_and the limiting value and the_loss at the wavelength xcexs* are typically_about 10 dB and 20 dB,_respectively. The boundary bandwidth and_the slope_of the curve of loss_spectrum in the_vicinity of_the wave boundary_are dependent on the parameters (composition_and the number_of layers of lamination) of the_dielectric_multi-layer filter.
FIGS. 6A_and_6B_show the_loss spectra of_the_S-type divider,_where_FIGS. 6A, 6B relate, respectively, to_the_transmission losses between ports s and l,_and between ports c_and_l shown in FIGS._2A and 2B (referred to_as Lcs2, Lcl2, where 2 indicates_that the_losses are_related to short wavelengths). FIG. 6A refers to the overall view_of the loss region and FIG._6B shows details of_losses in_the_wave boundary. Both_Lcs2,_Lcl2 show_a tendency to increase as the wavelengths_of the_signal waves move away from the_respective boundary wavelengths (wavelengths_xcextr-s_to xcextr-l) into fringes of the_gain regions.
However, in the short wavelength_side of the loss spectrum_(i.e.,_at_the xcextr-s end), the loss_Lcs2 between the port l (for_reflected light) and_the common port c is limited to_a_certain constant value, which is caused_by_the contribution from residual reflection components_in_the_dielectric multi-layer filter.
The difference in_the wavelengths xcextr-s to xcextr-l (referred_to as the boundary bandwidth) is typically 5xcx9c10 nm_at a 15_xcexcm wavelength, and