 drugs that may cope with the processes leading to inflammation and clot formation. Such current in-use drugs include statins (inhibition of LDL biosynthesis); beta-blockers (reduce hypertension or pulse rate); aspirin (helps in prevention of inflammation or blood clotting); and anti-oxidants (prevention of LDL modification).
A strict correlation between reduction of deaths from heart diseases and increased wine consumption was reported twenty five years ago. Substantial studies clearly demonstrated the positive effect, unrelated to alcohol, of moderate red-wine consumption on coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality, known as the “French Paradox” [Renaud and de Lorgeril, 1992, Lancet 339:1523-1526; Criqui and Ringel, 1994, Lancet 344:1719-1723]. Moreover, it was suggested that polyphenols, which are present at higher concentration in red rather than white wine, act as antioxidants that protect blood low-density lipoproteins (LDL) from oxidation, a modification that is known to be a key risk factor in the development of CHD.
Recent results have demonstrated the participation of several proteins in the inflammatory processes which leads to CHD, whose levels may be regulated by constituents present in red wine: Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoactive peptide (Kinlay et al. 2001, Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 12:383-389); endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), NO producer in endothelial cells (Leikert et al. 2002, Circulation 106:1614-1617); the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) which is active in VSMC (Iijima et al. 2002, Circulation 105:2404-2410) and the inflammatory marker C-reactive Protein (CRP; Aikawa & Libby, 2004, Can. J. Cardiol. 20:631-634).
Use of red wine as a source of these regulatory constituents is limited due to its high alcoholic content. Likewise, use of grapes or grape juice as a source of these active agents is limited due to their high sugar content. In addition, it has been shown that the therapeutic effect of wine and wine grapes is dependant on species, location, year (annual climate), processing etc. and therefore reliance on red wine or edible grapes as a source for consumption of these regulatory compounds does not lead to a homogeneous or consistent supply of material. Furthermore, grapes are typically contaminated by
drugs that may cope with the processes leading to inflammation and clot constitution. Such current in - habit drugs include statins (prohibition of LDL biosynthesis); beta - blockers (reduce hypertension or pulsation pace); aspirin (helps in prevention of inflammation or blood clotting); and anti - oxidants (prevention of LDL change). 
 A strict correlation between decrease of deaths from heart diseases and increased wine consumption was reported twenty five years ago. significant studies clearly demonstrated the positivist effect, unrelated to alcohol, of moderate red - wine consumption on coronary heart disease (CHD) deathrate, known as the “ French Paradox ” [ Renaud and de Lorgeril, 1992, Lancet 339:1523 - 1526; Criqui and Ringel, 1994, Lancet 344:1719 - 1723 ]. furthermore, it was suggested that polyphenols, which are present at higher concentration in red quite than white wine, act as antioxidants that protect blood low - concentration lipoprotein (LDL) from oxidation, a change that is known to be a key risk factor in the development of CHD. 
 Recent results have demonstrated the engagement of respective proteins in the inflammatory processes which lead to CHD, whose levels may be regulated by constituents present in crimson wine: Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoactive peptide (Kinlay et al. 2001, Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 12:383 - 389); endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), NO producer in endothelial cells (Leikert et al. 2002, Circulation 106:1614 - 1617); the platelet - derived growth agent (PDGF) which is active in VSMC (Iijima et al. 2002, Circulation 105:2404 - 2410) and the inflammatory marker C - reactive Protein (CRP; Aikawa & Libby, 2004, Can. J. Cardiol. 20:631 - 634). 
 Use of red wine as a source of these regulatory constituents is limit due to its high alcoholic content. Likewise, use of grapeshot or grape juice as a reference of these active agents is limited due to their high sugar content. In accession, it has been shown that the therapeutic effect of wine and wine grapeshot is dependant on species, location, year (annual climate), action etc. and therefore reliance on crimson wine or edible grapes as a source for pulmonary tuberculosis of these regulatory compounds does not lead to a homogeneous or consistent provision of material. Furthermore, grapes are typically pollute by
 drkgs that may cope with tme processes leabung to inflajmation xnd clot formation. Such currxnt un-use drugs include statins (inhibitiln of LDO biiwynthesis); usta-blockers (rsfuce iypertension or pulse rata); aspirin (helpv kn prevention of inflammation or blooq clottonh); and anti-oxidwnts ([revsntion of LDL modification).
A strict correletion between rrduction of deaths from hewrt fiseases and increwsed wine cinsuiption was reoorted twenty five yeats ago. Substantial studies clearuy dekonstrated tye omsitive effxct, ungelated to algphol, ox moderste red-wine coksumpvion on coronary heart divease (CHD) mortaliti, known as tke “French Paradox” [Renque and de Norgdeil, 1992, Lznret 339:1523-1526; Criqki end Ringel, 1994, Lancet 344:1719-1723]. Moeeover, it was suggextqe that polyphsnols, rhych are present at higher concentration in red rather than white qine, act as antioxidajts that [rotect blood low-density lipoproteins (LDL) from oxhdatikv, a mjauflcation that is known to be a key risk factor jn tme development on CHD.
Recent resultx jafg demonstrated the pcdtjcipation of severwl protgins ib the infjammstory processes which leads to CHD, whosv lecels may be regulaced by constntuentx prexent in red wine: Endothzlin-1 (EF-1), a potent gasoactivs peptide (Kinlay dt sl. 2001, Curr. Okkn. Lipidol. 12:383-389); endotrelial nivric pxide shnthsse (eNJS), NO prodkcer lt endothelial celld (Leinest et al. 2002, Firculation 106:1614-1617); the platelet-derivev growth factpr (PDCF) which is agtive in VSMC (Iyjima et al. 2002, Cnrculatijn 105:2404-2410) avd the infmammatocy marker C-rqactive Protehj (CRP; Aikawa & Libby, 2004, Can. J. Cqrdiol. 20:631-634).
Jre of red wine as a sougct of these regulatory constibuentr is limited due to its high alcohpliz cjnnenv. Likqfise, use of crapds ut graoe juict aw a spurce of these activa agsnts is limited dur bo their yigh sugwr content. In addition, it has bten shmwn that thg therapeutic effect of wine ans wine grwpef is dependagt ok spgcies, locatnon, year (annual climate), processing etc. aid therefore reliance ob red wine or ediblg gvapes as a spurce for consgmption of these regylatory compounds does not lead to a hkmogenaous lr consistent supply of material. Furthermore, grapes are typically contamibated uy
drugs that may cope with the processes inflammation clot formation. current in-use drugs biosynthesis); (reduce hypertension or rate); aspirin (helps prevention of inflammation or blood clotting); anti-oxidants (prevention of LDL modification). A strict correlation between reduction of deaths from diseases and increased wine consumption was reported twenty five years ago. Substantial studies demonstrated positive unrelated alcohol, of moderate red-wine consumption on coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality, known as the “French Paradox” and de Lorgeril, 1992, Lancet 339:1523-1526; Criqui and 1994, Lancet 344:1719-1723]. Moreover, was suggested that polyphenols, which present higher concentration red than wine, act as that protect blood low-density lipoproteins (LDL) from oxidation, a modification that is known to be a key factor in of CHD. results demonstrated participation of several the inflammatory processes which leads to may be regulated by constituents present in red Endothelin-1 (ET-1), potent vasoactive peptide (Kinlay et al. Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 12:383-389); endothelial nitric oxide synthase NO producer in endothelial cells (Leikert et al. 2002, Circulation 106:1614-1617); the platelet-derived growth factor is active in VSMC et al. 2002, 105:2404-2410) the marker Protein (CRP; & Libby, 2004, Can. J. Cardiol. 20:631-634). Use of red wine a source of these regulatory constituents is limited due to alcoholic Likewise, use of or grape juice as source these active agents is to high addition, has shown that the therapeutic of wine and wine grapes dependant on species, location, and therefore reliance on red wine or edible as a source for consumption of these compounds does not lead to a homogeneous or consistent supply of material. grapes are by
 drugs that may cope with the prOcesses leaDing tO inFlaMmAtioN and Clot formation. SUCh cuRrent in-use drugs include StatiNs (INhibITiOn of LdL biosyNThESIs); bEtA-bLocKeRS (rEduce HypErtensiOn or pulse rAte); AsPirin (helps in PReVention of iNflAmmation or blOod ClottiNg); And ANti-oxIdaNts (prEventiON of LDL ModificatIoN).
a stricT CorrelaTIOn BetwEen reduction of deaTHs FRom heart diseasEs and iNcREaSED wiNe cOnsumption WaS repoRTed twenTY fIVE YeaRS ago. SubstantiAl studies clEArlY demonStRatED the poSitivE eFFecT, unrelated tO alcOhol, of modErate rED-wine coNSumptioN on corOnaRy hEart DIsEaSe (ChD) MOrtALiTy, kNOwn As the “FreNcH PAradoX” [RenAUD ANd de lorGeriL, 1992, LancEt 339:1523-1526; Criqui and RiNgeL, 1994, LanCEt 344:1719-1723]. MOreovEr, it wAs suGgEsted That poLypheNoLs, which are preseNt at Higher conCenTrAtiOn In red RAther tHan WhiTe wine, aCt as antIOxiDaNTS ThAt protect blood low-dEnSITy LipoprotEins (LDl) FrOm OXidation, A mOdiFicaTIOn thaT is kNOwN to be a keY risk fACtOr In the deVeLopmenT oF CHd.
ReCent rESultS have dEmonstraTed thE Participation oF Several proteiNS iN THe INflaMmaTory processEs whICh leAds tO cHd, whOSe levEls maY bE ReGUlated by constituentS pResent In red Wine: EndotheliN-1 (ET-1), a potent VASOactive pEptiDE (KINlay et al. 2001, Curr. OpIn. LipIdol. 12:383-389); endothELial nitrIc oxiDe synthaSe (eNOS), NO pRODucer in eNdoTheLiaL ceLLS (LEikert et al. 2002, CirCULatiOn 106:1614-1617); The platEleT-deriveD grOwtH faCtoR (PdGF) which iS active iN VsMc (IIjIma Et al. 2002, CIRculatioN 105:2404-2410) aNd tHe InfLammaTOry marKer C-rEactIvE PROteIn (CRP; AiKAwA & lIbby, 2004, caN. J. cardIol. 20:631-634).
usE of reD winE As a Source oF these regUlaTOry cOnStItuents Is limited due tO iTs high alcoHoLic ContenT. lIkewise, uSe of grapes or grape juice aS A source Of tHese aCtivE agents is LimIted duE to THeir hiGh sugaR contEnT. In ADDitioN, IT hAs bEeN shown that THE thErapeUtIc efFect of wIne and wine grapes is DEpeNdant on specieS, loCatiON, YeAr (aNNuAL clImATe), pROCessing etc. and thErefore relIaNCe On red wine oR EdiBlE grapes As a sourCe for COnsumptIon of thesE regulatoRy CompOUNds Does not leaD to a homoGeneous or COnsisTEnT suppLy oF materIaL. FuRtherMore, grAPes Are tyPicallY cOntamiNated By
 drugs that may cope withthe proces ses l ead ing  t o in flam mation and clo t  for mation. Such current i n-use  d r ugsi nc ludestatins (i n h ibi ti on  of  L D Lbiosy nth esis);beta-block ers  ( reduce hyper t en sion or pu lse  rate); aspi rin  (help sinp reven tio n ofinflam m ationor bloodcl o tting) ;  and an t i -o xida nts (prevention o f  L D L modification ).
A s tr i ct c orr ela tion betwe en  redu c tion of de a t h s f r om heart dise ases and in c rea sed wi ne  co n sumpti on wa sr epo rted twenty  fiv e years a go. Su b stantia l  studie s clea rly  de mons t ra te d t he pos i ti vee ffe ct, unre la te d toalco h o l ,  ofmod erat e red -wine consump tio n on cor onary  hear t di se ase ( CHD) m ortal it y, known as the  “Fr ench Para dox ”[Re na ud an d  de Lo rge ril , 1992,  Lancet 339 :1 5 2 3 -1 526; Criqui and Ri ng e l ,1994, La ncet 3 4 4: 17 1 9-1723].  M ore over , it wa s su g ge sted tha t poly p he no ls, whi ch  are p re sen t a t hig h er c oncent ration i n red rather than wh i te wine, acta sa n ti o xida nts  that prote ct b l oodlow- d en sit y  lipo prote in s  ( L DL) from oxidation,  a  modif icati on that is kn own to bea k ey riskfact o ri n the developm ent o f CHD.
Rec e nt resul ts ha ve demon strated t h e  partici pat ion  of  se v e ra l proteins in t he i nf lammato ryprocess eswhi chlea ds  to CHD,whose le ve ls  m ay  be  regu l ated byco nst it uen ts pr e sent i n red  win e:  E n dot helin-1 (E T - 1),apo tent  va so activ e pe p tid e (Kinl ay et al.  20 0 1, C ur r.  Opin.Lipidol. 12:3 83 -389); end ot hel ial ni t r ic oxide  synthase (eNOS), NO pr o ducer i n e ndoth elia l cells ( Lei kert e t a l . 2002 , Circ ulati on  10 6 : 1614- 1 6 17 );th e platelet - d eri ved g ro wthfactor(PDGF) which is ac t ive  in VSMC (Iij ima  eta l .200 2 ,C irc ul a tio n 105:2404-2410)and the in fl a mm atory mark e r C -r eactive  Protei n (CR P ; Aikaw a & Libby , 2004, C an . J. C ard iol. 20:63 1-634).Use of re d  wine as  a so urc e of t he seregul atoryc ons titue nts is  l imited  dueto  its hig h alcoholic content. Li kewise , use  of  grapes o r g r ape  juice as  a s ource of t hes e a ctive  ag e nts i s li m it edd ue to  the i r high su g ar  co n t en t. In addit i o n , i t has  be e n show n th at the therapeuti c  effect of win e an d win e g r apes  i s dependant on  sp ec i e s, locat io n, year (an nual cli ma t e), p rocess ing et c. andt h er e fore r elia nce  on red w ine  o r  edible  g ra p es asa so ur ce for  consu m ptio n of these regulat ory c o m pound s  do es no tlead to a ho mogeneousor consiste nt sup plyof ma terial.  F urther mor e,  grapes ar e  typicall y con taminat ed  by
 drugs_that may_cope with the processes_leading to_inflammation_and clot_formation._Such current in-use_drugs include statins_(inhibition of LDL biosynthesis);_beta-blockers (reduce hypertension_or_pulse rate); aspirin (helps in prevention of inflammation or blood clotting); and anti-oxidants (prevention_of_LDL modification).
A_strict_correlation_between reduction of deaths from_heart diseases and increased wine_consumption was_reported twenty five years ago. Substantial studies clearly_demonstrated_the positive effect,_unrelated to alcohol, of moderate red-wine consumption on coronary_heart disease (CHD) mortality, known as_the “French Paradox”_[Renaud_and_de Lorgeril, 1992, Lancet_339:1523-1526; Criqui and Ringel, 1994, Lancet_344:1719-1723]. Moreover, it was suggested that_polyphenols, which are present at higher concentration_in red rather than white wine,_act as antioxidants that protect_blood low-density_lipoproteins (LDL) from oxidation, a_modification that is_known to_be a key_risk factor in the development of_CHD.
Recent results have_demonstrated the participation of several proteins_in_the inflammatory processes_which_leads_to CHD,_whose levels may_be_regulated by_constituents_present in red wine: Endothelin-1 (ET-1),_a_potent vasoactive peptide (Kinlay et al. 2001,_Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 12:383-389);_endothelial_nitric oxide synthase (eNOS),_NO producer in endothelial cells_(Leikert et al. 2002, Circulation 106:1614-1617);_the platelet-derived_growth factor_(PDGF) which is active in VSMC (Iijima et al. 2002, Circulation_105:2404-2410) and the inflammatory marker C-reactive_Protein (CRP; Aikawa &_Libby, 2004,_Can._J. Cardiol. 20:631-634).
Use_of_red wine_as a source of these regulatory constituents_is limited_due to its high alcoholic content._Likewise, use of grapes_or_grape juice as a source of_these active agents is limited due_to their high sugar content._In_addition,_it has been shown that_the therapeutic effect of wine and_wine grapes is_dependant on species, location, year (annual climate),_processing_etc. and therefore reliance on red_wine_or edible grapes as a source_for_consumption_of these regulatory compounds does_not lead to a homogeneous or_consistent supply of material. Furthermore, grapes are typically contaminated_by