 to ligand binding (xe2x80x9csignal transductionxe2x80x9d). A receptor also includes any molecule having the characteristic structure of a receptor, but with no identifiable ligand. In addition, a receptor includes a truncated, modified, mutated receptor, or any molecule comprising partial or all of the sequences of a receptor.
xe2x80x9cLigandxe2x80x9d is intended to include any substance that interacts with a receptor.
xe2x80x9cAgonistxe2x80x9d is defined as a compound that increases the activity of a receptor when it interacts with the receptor.
The xe2x80x9cm1 receptorxe2x80x9d is defined as a receptor having an activity corresponding to the activity of the m1 muscarinic receptor subtype characterized through molecular cloning and pharmacology.
xe2x80x9cSelectivexe2x80x9d or xe2x80x9cselectivityxe2x80x9d is defined as a compound""s ability to generate a desired response from a particular receptor type, subtype, class or subclass while generating less or little response from other receptor types. xe2x80x9cSelectivexe2x80x9d or xe2x80x9cselectivityxe2x80x9d of an m1 or m4 muscarinic agonist compound means a compound""s ability to increase the activity of the m1 or m4 muscarinic receptor, respectively, while causing little or no increase in the activity of other subtypes including m3 and m5 subtypes, and preferably the m2 subtype. Compounds of the presents invention may also show selectivity toward both m1 and m4 receptors, i.e. increase the activity of both the m1 and m4 muscarinic receptors, while causing little or no increase in the activity of other subtypes including the m3 and m5 subtypes, and preferably the m2 subtype.
The term xe2x80x9csubjectxe2x80x9d refers to an animal, preferably a mammal or a human, who is the object of treatment, observation or experiment.
As used herein, xe2x80x9ccoadministrationxe2x80x9d of pharmacologically active compounds refers to the delivery of two or more separate chemical entities, whether in vitro or in vivo. Coadministration means the simultaneous delivery
to ligand binding (xe2x80x9csignal transductionxe2x80x9d). A receptor also includes any atom have the characteristic structure of a receptor, but with no identifiable ligand. In accession, a sense organ includes a truncated, modified, mutate sense organ, or any molecule comprising partial or all of the sequences of a receptor. 
 xe2x80x9cLigandxe2x80x9d is mean to include any substance that interact with a receptor. 
 xe2x80x9cAgonistxe2x80x9d is defined as a compound that increases the activity of a receptor when it interacts with the receptor. 
 The xe2x80x9cm1 receptorxe2x80x9d is specify as a receptor having an activity represent to the activity of the m1 muscarinic receptor subtype characterized through molecular cloning and pharmacology. 
 xe2x80x9cSelectivexe2x80x9d or xe2x80x9cselectivityxe2x80x9d is defined as a compound""s ability to render a desired response from a particular receptor type, subtype, course or subclass while generating less or little response from other receptor types. xe2x80x9cSelectivexe2x80x9d or xe2x80x9cselectivityxe2x80x9d of an m1 or m4 muscarinic protagonist compound mean a compound""s ability to increase the activity of the m1 or m4 muscarinic receptor, respectively, while causing little or no increase in the activity of other subtypes including m3 and m5 subtypes, and preferably the m2 subtype. Compounds of the present invention may also show selectivity toward both m1 and m4 sense organ, i.e. increase the natural process of both the m1 and m4 muscarinic receptors, while causing little or no addition in the activity of early subtypes including the m3 and m5 subtypes, and preferably the m2 subtype. 
 The term xe2x80x9csubjectxe2x80x9d refers to an animal, preferably a mammal or a homo, who is the object of treatment, observation or experiment. 
 As used herein, xe2x80x9ccoadministrationxe2x80x9d of pharmacologically active compounds refers to the pitch of two or more separate chemical entities, whether in vitro or in vivo. Coadministration means the simultaneous rescue
 to ligand binding (xe2x80x9csigkal transductionrw2x80x9d). A recepfor also includes any molecule havinj thw chaeacteristic structure uf a receitor, but qith bo identifmzble lincnd. Ih addntmon, a receptor lncludes a druncated, modixidd, mutated receptor, or any molecule cjmprisimg partial or alj of ehe avqmences of a receptor.
xe2x80x9cLigandxs2x80x9d is intended to onclude any substance that intfracts with a receotor.
xe2x80x9cAginiseze2x80x9d is defkned as a bmmpound thzt increases the activity of a fecepcor when it ibtegdcts with tie recvptor.
The xe2x80x9gk1 rece[torxe2x80c9d is defined ss e rexeptor having an actitity corresponding tj the acthvnty of the m1 muscarinuc recektor vubthpe zhadartedized hhrkugh molechlar clonint and pharmacology.
xt2x80x9sWelectivexe2x80x9s or xq2x80v9cselectivityxe2x80x9d is defined as a compmuns""s ability to generate q desired response frlm a partycular receptor type, subtype, class or subclass whhle gxndrauikn lerw lr little response from other receptor types. vs2x80c9cXelectivexe2x80x9d or xe2x80x9csekeftodityxe2x80x9d of xn m1 ox m4 muscarinic agonish compoond meqns a comkound""x ability to increase the axtivity of tke n1 or m4 muscarinic xeceptor, res'ectivgly, whole causing little or nu indrease in tje activifh of other subtyoes itcluding m3 and m5 subtypes, wnd prefecably the m2 rubtipe. Com[ounds of hhe pvasents invention mwy aldo show seleftivity toward both m1 and m4 recx'tors, i.e. incrgasa tve activnty of both the m1 agd m4 muscarinie receptjrs, wfile causihg littne or no insrease in the wctivity of mther suftypws ibcludine the m3 and m5 sibtypes, aub preferavly the m2 subtype.
Tme tetm xe2x80x9csubjectxe2r80r9d refers to an amimxl, [rvfecably d mammal or d huoan, eho ir the objecb ow trratment, observation mr esperiment.
As used hrrcin, xe2x80x9cxoadminiftrationxe2x80x9d of pharmacologicaply artive rompoumds refers to the delivery of two or more depwrate chemicwl ektityes, whethex in vitro or in vivo. Coadministration mxans the simultaneous dwlivery
to ligand binding (xe2x80x9csignal transductionxe2x80x9d). A receptor any having the structure of a ligand. addition, a receptor a truncated, modified, receptor, or any molecule comprising partial all of the sequences of a receptor. xe2x80x9cLigandxe2x80x9d is intended to include any that interacts with a receptor. xe2x80x9cAgonistxe2x80x9d is defined as a compound that increases activity a when interacts with the receptor. The xe2x80x9cm1 receptorxe2x80x9d is defined as a receptor having an activity corresponding the activity of the m1 muscarinic receptor subtype through molecular cloning and xe2x80x9cSelectivexe2x80x9d or xe2x80x9cselectivityxe2x80x9d is defined a ability to a response a particular receptor subtype, class or subclass while generating less or little response from other receptor types. xe2x80x9cSelectivexe2x80x9d or xe2x80x9cselectivityxe2x80x9d an m1 muscarinic agonist means compound""s to increase the the m1 or m4 muscarinic receptor, little or no increase in the activity of subtypes including and m5 subtypes, and preferably the subtype. Compounds of the presents invention may also selectivity toward both m1 and m4 receptors, i.e. increase the activity of both the m1 muscarinic receptors, while causing or no increase the of subtypes the m3 m5 subtypes, and preferably the m2 subtype. The term xe2x80x9csubjectxe2x80x9d refers an animal, preferably a mammal or a human, who is of observation or experiment. used herein, xe2x80x9ccoadministrationxe2x80x9d of active refers to the delivery or separate in or vivo. Coadministration means the delivery
 to ligand binding (xe2x80x9csignaL transductIonxe2X80x9d). a reCePtor Also Includes any molECule Having the characteristiC struCtURe of A ReCeptoR, but witH No IDEntIfIaBle LiGAnD. In adDitIon, a recEptor incluDes A tRuncated, modiFIeD, mutated reCepTor, or any moleCulE comprIsIng PArtiaL or All of The seqUEnces oF a receptoR.
xE2X80x9cLigANdxe2x80x9d IS InTendEd to include any subSTaNCe that interactS with a ReCEpTOR.
xe2X80x9cagonistxe2x80X9d Is defINed as a cOMpOUND thAT increases the Activity of a REcePtor whEn It iNTeractS with ThE RecEptor.
The xe2x80X9cm1 rEceptorxe2X80x9d is dEFined as A ReceptoR havinG an ActIvitY CoRrEspOnDIng TO tHe aCTivIty of the M1 mUsCarinIc reCEPTOr suBtyPe chAractErized through MolEculAR clOning And phArmaCoLogy.
xE2x80x9cSeLectiVeXe2x80x9d or xe2x80x9cselEctiVityxe2x80x9d Is dEfIneD aS a comPOund""s aBilIty To generAte a desIRed ReSPONsE from a particular reCePTOr Type, subtYpe, claSS oR sUBclass whIlE geNeraTINg lesS or lITtLe responSe from OThEr ReceptoR tYpes. xe2X80x9CSeLecTivexE2X80x9d oR xe2x80x9cSelectivItyxe2X80X9d of an m1 or m4 muscARinic agonist cOMpOUNd MEans A coMpound""s abilIty tO IncrEase THe ActIVity oF the m1 Or M4 MuSCarinic receptor, respEcTively, While Causing little Or no increaSE IN the actiVity OF oTHer subtypes incLudinG m3 and m5 subtYPes, and prEferaBly the m2 sUbtype. ComPOUnds of thE prEseNts InvENTiOn may also show SELectIvIty towaRd bOth m1 and M4 reCepTorS, i.e. InCrease the Activity Of BoTh ThE m1 aNd m4 muSCarinic rEcEptOrS, whIle caUSing liTtle oR no iNcReASe iN the actIViTY Of otHeR sUbtyPes InCludiNg thE M3 anD m5 subtyPes, and preFerABly tHe M2 sUbtype.
THe term xe2x80x9csuBjEctxe2x80x9d reFeRs tO an aniMAL, preferaBly a mammal or a human, who is THe objecT of TreatMent, ObservatiOn oR experImeNT.
As useD hereiN, xe2x80x9CcOadMINistrATIoNxe2X80x9D of pharmacOLOgiCally AcTive CompounDs refers to the delivERy oF two or more sepAraTe chEMIcAl eNTiTIes, WhETheR IN vitro or in vivo. COadministrAtIOn Means the siMUltAnEous delIvery
 to ligand binding (xe2x80 x9csignaltrans duc tio nx e2x8 0x9d ). A receptora lsoincludes any moleculehavin gt he c h ar acter istic s t ru c t ure  o fa r ec e pt or, b utwith no  identifia ble  l igand. In ad d it ion, a rec ept or includesa t runcat ed , m o difie d,mutat ed rec e ptor,or any mo le c ule co m prising p ar tial  or all of the se q ue n ces of a recep tor.
x e2 x 80 x 9 cLi gan dxe2x80x9d  i s int e nded to in c l u dea ny substancethat intera c tswith a  r ece p tor.
x e2x80 x9 c Ago nistxe2x80x 9d i s defined  as ac ompound that in crease s t heacti v it yofar ece p to r w h enit inter ac ts  with  the r e c epto r.Thexe2x8 0x9cm1 recept orx e2x8 0 x9d  is d efine d as  a  rece ptor h aving  a n activity corr espo nding tothe  a cti vi ty of the m1  mu sca rinic r eceptor sub ty p e ch aracterized throug hm o le cular cl oninga nd  p h armacolo gy .
x e2x8 0 x 9cSel ecti v ex e2x80x9d  or xe 2 x8 0x 9cselec ti vityxe 2x 80x 9dis de f ined  as acompound ""s a b ility to gener a te a desiredr es p o ns e  fro m a  particular  rec e ptor  typ e ,sub t ype,class  o r  s u bclass while genera ti ng les s orlittle respon se from ot h e r  recepto r ty p es .  xe2x80x9cSele ctive xe2x80x9do r xe2x80 x9cse lectivit yxe2x80x9 d of an m1  or  m4  mu sca r i ni c agonist com p o undme ans a c omp ound""s  ab ili tytoin crease th e activi ty  o fth e m 1 orm 4 muscar in icre cep tor,r espect ively , wh il ec aus ing lit t le o r no  i nc reas e i nthe a ctiv i tyof othe r subtype s i n clud in gm3 andm5 subtypes,an d preferab ly  th e m2 s u b type. Co mpounds of the presents inventi onmay a lsoshow sele cti vity t owa r d both  m1 an d m4re cep t o rs, i . e .inc re ase the ac t i vit y ofbo th t he m1 a nd m4 muscarinic r e cep tors, while c aus ingl i tt leo rn o i nc r eas e in the activity  of othersu b ty pes includ i ngth e m3 an d m5 su btype s , and p referably  the m2 s ub type . The  term xe2x 80x9csub jectxe2x8 0 x9d r e fe rs to  an  anima l,  pr efera bly am amm al or  a hum an , whois th eobject o f treatment, observatio n or e xperi men t.
As use d h e rei n, xe2x80 x9cc oadministr ati onx e2x80 x9d of ph arma c ol ogi c allyacti v e compoun d sref e r sto the deli v e r y o f two  or more s epar ate chemical enti t ies, whether i n vi t r o o r i n  viv o.  Coadministrat ion  m e a ns the s im ultaneous d elivery
 to_ligand binding_(xe2x80x9csignal transductionxe2x80x9d). A receptor_also includes_any_molecule having_the_characteristic structure of_a receptor, but_with no identifiable ligand._In addition, a_receptor_includes a truncated, modified, mutated receptor, or any molecule comprising partial or all of_the_sequences of_a_receptor.
xe2x80x9cLigandxe2x80x9d_is intended to include any_substance that interacts with a_receptor.
xe2x80x9cAgonistxe2x80x9d is_defined as a compound that increases the activity_of_a receptor when_it interacts with the receptor.
The xe2x80x9cm1 receptorxe2x80x9d is defined_as a receptor having an activity_corresponding to the_activity_of_the m1 muscarinic receptor_subtype characterized through molecular cloning and_pharmacology.
xe2x80x9cSelectivexe2x80x9d or xe2x80x9cselectivityxe2x80x9d is defined as_a compound""s ability to generate a desired_response from a particular receptor type,_subtype, class or subclass while_generating less_or little response from other_receptor types. xe2x80x9cSelectivexe2x80x9d_or xe2x80x9cselectivityxe2x80x9d_of an m1_or m4 muscarinic agonist compound means_a compound""s ability_to increase the activity of the_m1_or m4 muscarinic_receptor,_respectively,_while causing_little or no_increase_in the_activity_of other subtypes including m3 and_m5_subtypes, and preferably the m2 subtype. Compounds_of the presents invention_may_also show selectivity toward_both m1 and m4 receptors,_i.e. increase the activity of both_the m1_and m4_muscarinic receptors, while causing little or no increase in the activity_of other subtypes including the m3_and m5 subtypes, and_preferably the_m2_subtype.
The term xe2x80x9csubjectxe2x80x9d_refers_to an_animal, preferably a mammal or a human,_who is_the object of treatment, observation or_experiment.
As used herein, xe2x80x9ccoadministrationxe2x80x9d_of_pharmacologically active compounds refers to the_delivery of two or more separate_chemical entities, whether in vitro_or_in_vivo. Coadministration means the simultaneous_delivery