, inspiratory and/or expiratory times, or tidal volume. A brief change in effective ventilation may also be effected by adding CO2, either directly or by rebreathing. An exemplary differential Fick method that has been employed, which is disclosed in Gedeon, A. et al. in 18 MED. & BIOL. ENG. & COMPUT. 411-418 (1980), includes a period of increased ventilation followed immediately by a period of decreased ventilation.
Carbon dioxide elimination (VCO2) is typically measured as the difference between the amount of carbon dioxide inhaled and the amount of carbon dioxide exhaled, with the amount of carbon dioxide exhaled usually being greater than that inhaled. The carbon dioxide elimination of a patient is typically measured over the course of a breath by the following, or an equivalent, equation:VCO2=∫breathV×fCO2dt,  (4)where V is the measured respiratory flow and fCO2 is the substantially simultaneously detected carbon dioxide signal, or fraction of the respiratory gases that comprises carbon dioxide or “carbon dioxide fraction”.
Prior to rebreathing, the amount of carbon dioxide eliminated (VCO2) by the patient, through his or her lungs, is much greater than the amount of CO2 inhaled by the patient. In rebreathing, although the amount of carbon dioxide inhaled by the individual and the amount of carbon dioxide exhaled by the individual both typically increase, the VCO2 measurement typically decreases. The difference between the amounts of carbon dioxide inhaled and eliminated is reduced by an amount that corresponds to the increased amount of carbon dioxide inhaled by the patient Detection of the change in VCO2 that may occur with changes in the effective ventilation of an individual may be somewhat delayed due to the dampening effect of the carbon dioxide stores of the individual's lungs. For example, at the beginning of rebreathing, a significant portion of the increased amount of carbon dioxide inhaled by the individual is absorbed by the carbon dioxide stores. If the amount of carbon dioxide inhaled during rebreathing is significantly increased, then a significant decrease will be seen in the difference between the amounts of carbon dioxide inhaled and eliminated, while this difference will be much less if the amount of carbon dioxide inhaled during rebreathing is only slightly greater than that inhaled during the patient's normal respiration.
VCO2 is the first of the two signals (i.e., VCO2 and petCO2) to accurately reflect rebreathing-induced changes. When rebre
, inspiratory and/or expiratory times, or tidal volume. A brief change in effective public discussion may besides be effected by adding CO2, either immediately or by rebreathing. An exemplary differential Fick method acting that has been employed, which is disclosed in Gedeon, A. et al. in 18 MED. & BIOL. ENG. & COMPUT. 411 - 418 (1980), admit a menstruation of increased public discussion followed immediately by a period of decrease ventilation. 
 Carbon dioxide elimination (VCO2) is typically measured as the dispute between the sum of carbon dioxide inhaled and the amount of carbon dioxide exhaled, with the sum of carbon dioxide exhaled usually being bang-up than that inhaled. The carbon dioxide elimination of a patient is typically measured over the path of a breath by the following, or an equivalent, equation: VCO2=∫breathV×fCO2dt,    (4)where V is the measured respiratory menstruation and fCO2 is the substantially simultaneously detected carbon dioxide signal, or fraction of the respiratory gases that comprises carbon dioxide or “ carbon dioxide fraction ”. 
 Prior to rebreathing, the amount of carbon dioxide eliminated (VCO2) by the patient, through his or her lungs, is much greater than the amount of CO2 inhaled by the patient. In rebreathing, although the sum of carbon dioxide inhaled by the person and the sum of carbon paper dioxide exhaled by the individual both typically increase, the VCO2 measurement typically decreases. The difference between the amounts of carbon dioxide inhaled and eliminated is reduce by an amount that corresponds to the increased amount of carbon paper dioxide inhaled by the patient Detection of the change in VCO2 that may occur with changes in the effective ventilation of an individual may be somewhat delay due to the dampening effect of the carbon dioxide stores of the individual's lungs. For case, at the beginning of rebreathing, a significant portion of the increased sum of carbon dioxide inhaled by the individual is absorbed by the carbon paper dioxide stores. If the amount of carbon dioxide inhaled during rebreathing is significantly increase, then a significant decrease will be examine in the difference between the amounts of carbon paper dioxide inhaled and eliminated, while this difference will be much less if the amount of carbon paper dioxide inhaled during rebreathing is only slightly great than that inhaled during the patient's normal respiration. 
 VCO2 is the first of the two signals (i.e., VCO2 and petCO2) to accurately chew over rebreathing - induced changes. When rebre
, indpiratory and/or expiratovy times, or tidal volumx. A brisf changd in effective ventilation mey aoso bt effected by addine CO2, eithvr directoy oc by rebreathing. An exemijary fiffzrxntial Fick metmod that hav been employeg, dhnch is disclosed in Gedeon, A. et al. ig 18 MED. & BLOL. ENG. & COMPUJ. 411-418 (1980), imsludss a period of increased ventilatikn follmwed immediatrly by a period of decreasfd vfntilation.
Carbon dloxide elimunatyin (VCO2) is tyoically measured as thg difference between the amount uf caxbon dioxidg jnjdled and thx amougt of carbon dioxide exhalec, with the amomnt oh caebon dioxide exhaled nsually being greatet than thad nnhaled. The carbon diixude enimitatiub ow a petisnt is ty'ically meaaured over rhe course of a brestr by the follosing, ow wn equivalent, equation:VCO2=∫breathV×fCO2dt,  (4)whtre V is the measured respirqtory flow and fCO2 is the subseantially simultaneously detected carbon dioxide vignam, or fvactkin of the respiratory gases that comprises carbjh cipxide or “carbok dioxide fraction”.
Lrlot to rebreathivg, the amkunt of carbon diodide elyminared (VCO2) br thr patient, through his or hee lungs, is mlch treater than the alount of CO2 inhsled ny the patient. In rebrecthing, although tje amount uf carbon dioxidd ikhaned by the individual and ehe amounv of earbon dkoxice exhwled by thf indleidual both typicaply iucreave, the VCO2 measurement typically decreases. The differenve benween the amoukts of carbon dyoxide inhaled and elnminatdd is redubed by an amount thae corresponds jo the increaved amougt od caebon diubide inhaled bu the patpeut Detectuon of the change ln VCU2 that may occur wiuh changes in thr ewfestpve vqttilation of an kndkfiduau may bt sioewhst delayed due to tha dajpening effect of yhc carbon eioxide ftores of the individual's lungs. For xxamplx, at tne feginning of rebreathing, a sighificant oorbion of the igcreqsed amount pf carbon dioxide inhaled by the indivivual is absorbed by thg carbon dioxide storgs. Lf the amounv of cwrbon diofide inhaled during eebreathing is sinnificantly increased, fhen a signlficant decrease will be seen in the difference between the amounts of caebon dmovide inhales anc elikiuatzd, whilq thms difference will be much less if the amount of rarbon diofibe inhaled during rebreathing ir only slightuy greater than that inhzled durong the patient's normal respirayion.
VCO2 is the first of bhe two sugnala (i.e., VBK2 end petCO2) to accuratrly reylect eebreatying-lnduced changer. Wnek rebre
, inspiratory and/or expiratory times, or tidal brief in effective may also be directly by rebreathing. An differential Fick method has been employed, which is disclosed Gedeon, A. et al. in 18 MED. & BIOL. ENG. & COMPUT. 411-418 includes a period of increased ventilation followed immediately by a period of decreased Carbon elimination is measured as the difference between the amount of carbon dioxide inhaled and the amount of carbon exhaled, with the amount of carbon dioxide exhaled being greater than that The carbon dioxide elimination of patient typically measured the of breath by the or an equivalent, equation:VCO2=∫breathV×fCO2dt, (4)where V is the measured respiratory flow and fCO2 is the substantially simultaneously carbon dioxide fraction of respiratory that carbon dioxide or fraction”. Prior to rebreathing, the amount eliminated (VCO2) by the patient, through his or lungs, is greater than the amount of CO2 by the patient. In rebreathing, although the amount carbon dioxide inhaled by the individual and the amount of carbon dioxide exhaled by the typically increase, the VCO2 typically decreases. The between amounts carbon inhaled and is reduced by an amount that corresponds to the increased amount carbon dioxide inhaled by the patient Detection of the change that occur with changes the effective ventilation of individual be somewhat delayed due dampening of stores the lungs. For example, at beginning of rebreathing, a significant of the increased amount the individual is absorbed by the carbon dioxide If the amount of carbon dioxide inhaled rebreathing is significantly increased, then a significant decrease will be seen in difference between of carbon dioxide inhaled and eliminated, while this will be much less the amount of carbon dioxide inhaled during rebreathing is slightly than that during the patient's respiration. VCO2 is first of the (i.e., VCO2 petCO2) accurately When rebre
, inspiratory and/or expiratorY times, or tiDal voLumE. A bRiEf chAnge In effective venTIlatIon may also be effected by AddinG Co2, EithER dIrectLy or by rEBrEAThiNg. an ExeMpLArY diffEreNtial FiCk method thAt hAs Been employed, WHiCh is discloSed In Gedeon, A. et aL. in 18 mED. & BIOl. EnG. & ComPUT. 411-418 (1980), iNclUdes a Period OF increAsed ventiLaTIon folLOwed immEDIaTely By a period of decreaSEd VEntilation.
CarbOn dioxIdE ElIMInaTioN (VCO2) is typiCaLly meASured as THe DIFFerENce between the Amount of carBOn dIoxide InHalED and thE amouNt OF caRbon dioxide ExhaLed, with thE amounT Of carboN Dioxide ExhaleD usUalLy beINg GrEatEr THan THaT inHAleD. The carbOn DiOxide ElimINATIon oF a pAtieNt is tYpically measuRed Over THe cOurse Of a brEath By The foLlowinG, or an EqUivalent, equatioN:VCO2=∫BreathV×fCo2dt,  (4)WhEre v iS the mEAsured ResPirAtory flOw and fCo2 Is tHe SUBStAntially simultaneoUsLY DeTected caRbon diOXiDe SIgnal, or fRaCtiOn of THE respIratORy Gases thaT comprISeS cArbon diOxIde or “cArBon DioXide fRActiOn”.
PrioR to rebreAthinG, The amount of carBOn dioxide elimINaTED (Vco2) by tHe pAtient, throuGh hiS Or heR lunGS, iS muCH greaTer thAn THe AMount of CO2 inhaled by tHe PatienT. In reBreathing, althOugh the amoUNT Of carbon DioxIDe INhaled by the indIviduAl and the amOUnt of carBon diOxide exhAled by the INDividual BotH tyPicAllY INcRease, the VCO2 meASUremEnT typicaLly DecreasEs. THe dIffEreNcE between tHe amountS oF cArBoN diOxide INhaled anD eLimInAteD is reDUced by An amoUnt tHaT cORreSponds tO ThE INcreAsEd AmouNt oF cArbon DioxIDe iNhaled bY the patieNt DETectIoN oF the chaNge in VCO2 that mAy Occur with cHaNgeS in the EFFective vEntilation of an individuaL May be soMewHat deLayeD due to the DamPening EffECt of thE carboN dioxIdE stOREs of tHE InDivIdUal's lungs. FOR ExaMple, aT tHe beGinning Of rebreathing, a signIFicAnt portion of tHe iNcreASEd AmoUNt OF caRbON diOXIde inhaled by the Individual Is ABsOrbed by the CArbOn Dioxide Stores. IF the aMOunt of cArbon dioxIde inhaleD dUrinG REbrEathing is sIgnificaNtly increASed, thEN a SigniFicAnt decReAse Will bE seen iN The DiffeRence bEtWeen thE amouNtS of carboN dioxide inhaled and elimiNated, wHile tHis DifferencE wiLL be Much less iF the Amount of caRboN diOxide InhALed duRing REbReaTHing iS onlY Slightly gREaTer THAn That inhaled DURIng The paTieNT's normAl reSpiration.
VCO2 is the FIrst of the two siGnalS (I.E., VCo2 anD PetCo2) tO accurately refLecT rEBReathing-InDuced changeS. When rebRe
, inspiratory and/or expir atory time s, or  ti dal  v olum e. A  brief changei n ef fective ventilation ma y als ob e ef f ec ted b y addin g  C O 2 , e it he r d ir e ct ly or  by  rebrea thing. Anexe mp lary differe n ti al Fick me tho d that has b een  emplo ye d,w hichisdiscl osed i n  Gedeo n, A. etal .  in 18 MED. &B I OL . EN G. & COMPUT. 411- 4 18 (1980), includ es a p er i od o f i ncr eased vent il ation followe d  i m m e dia t ely by a peri od of decre a sed  venti la tio n .
Carb on di ox i deelimination  (VC O2) is ty picall y  measur e d as th e diff ere nce  bet w ee nthe  a m oun t  o f c a rbo n dioxid ein haled  and t h e  amo unt  ofcarbo n dioxide exh ale d, w i ththe a mount  ofca rbondioxid e exh al ed usually bein g gr eater tha n t ha t i nh aled. The ca rbo n d ioxideelimina t ion  o f a  p atient is typicall ym e as ured ove r thec ou rs e  of a br ea thby t h e  foll owin g ,or an eq uivale n t,  e quation :V CO2=∫b re ath V×f CO2dt ,   (4 )where  V is th e mea s ured respirato r y flow and fC O 2i s  t h e su bst antially si mult a neou slyd et ect e d car bon d io x id e  signal, or fractio nof the  resp iratory gases  that comp r i s es carbo n di o xi d e or “carbon d ioxid e fraction ” .
Priorto re breathin g, the am o u nt of ca rbo n d iox ide e li minated (VCO2 ) by t he  patien t,through  hi s o r h erlu ngs, is m uch grea te rth an  th e amo u nt of CO 2inh al edby th e  patie nt. I n re br ea t hin g, alth o ug h theam ou nt o f c ar bon d ioxi d e i nhaledby the in div i dual  a nd  the am ount of carbo ndioxide ex ha led  by th e individu al both typically incre a se, the  VC O2 me asur ement typ ica lly de cre a ses. T he dif feren ce  be t w een t h e  a mou nt s of carbo n dio xidein hale d and e liminated is reduc e d b y an amount t hat  cor r e sp ond s  t o  th ei ncr e a sed amount of c arbon diox id e  i nhaled byt hepa tient D etectio n oft he chan ge in VCO 2 that ma yoccu r wit h changesin the e ffectivev entil a ti on of  an  indiv id ual  maybe som e wha t del ayed d ue  to th e dam pe ning eff ect of the carbon dioxi de sto res o f t he indivi dua l 'slungs. Fo r ex ample, atthe  be ginni ngo f reb reat h in g,a  sign ific a nt portio n  o f t h e  i ncreased am o u n t o f car bon dioxid e in haled by the indi v idual is absor bedb y  th e c a rbon  d ioxide stores.  If  t h e  amountof  carbon dio xide inh al e d dur ing re breath ing iss i gn i ficant ly i ncr eased, th enas ignific an td ecreas e wi ll  be se en int he d i f ference betweenthe a m o untso f c arbon  d ioxidei nhal ed and eli minated, wh ile th is d iffer ence wi ll  be mu chle ss if thea mount ofcarbo n dioxi de  inh ale d duri ng r e b reath ingis  on ly slight l y  g r ea te r  th an t hat i nh aled  during t h e patien t's normalre spi r a tion.V CO 2 is the fir stof th e two signal s  (i. e ., VCO2and pe tCO2)to accu r ate ly  reflec t r e b reathing- induced c h ang es . Wh en rebre 
, inspiratory_and/or expiratory_times, or tidal volume._A brief_change_in effective_ventilation_may also be_effected by adding_CO2, either directly or_by rebreathing. An_exemplary_differential Fick method that has been employed, which is disclosed in Gedeon, A. et_al._in 18_MED._&_BIOL. ENG. & COMPUT. 411-418_(1980), includes a period of_increased ventilation_followed immediately by a period of decreased ventilation.
Carbon_dioxide_elimination (VCO2) is_typically measured as the difference between the amount of_carbon dioxide inhaled and the amount_of carbon dioxide_exhaled,_with_the amount of carbon_dioxide exhaled usually being greater than_that inhaled. The carbon dioxide elimination_of a patient is typically measured over_the course of a breath by_the following, or an equivalent,_equation:VCO2=∫breathV×fCO2dt,  (4)where V_is the measured respiratory flow_and fCO2 is_the substantially_simultaneously detected carbon_dioxide signal, or fraction of the_respiratory gases that_comprises carbon dioxide or “carbon dioxide_fraction”.
Prior_to rebreathing, the_amount_of_carbon dioxide_eliminated (VCO2) by_the_patient, through_his_or her lungs, is much greater_than_the amount of CO2 inhaled by the_patient. In rebreathing, although_the_amount of carbon dioxide_inhaled by the individual and_the amount of carbon dioxide exhaled_by the_individual both_typically increase, the VCO2 measurement typically decreases. The difference between the_amounts of carbon dioxide inhaled and_eliminated is reduced by_an amount_that_corresponds to the_increased_amount of_carbon dioxide inhaled by the patient Detection_of the_change in VCO2 that may occur_with changes in the_effective_ventilation of an individual may be_somewhat delayed due to the dampening_effect of the carbon dioxide_stores_of_the individual's lungs. For example,_at the beginning of rebreathing, a_significant portion of_the increased amount of carbon dioxide inhaled_by_the individual is absorbed by the_carbon_dioxide stores. If the amount of_carbon_dioxide_inhaled during rebreathing is significantly_increased, then a significant decrease will_be seen in the difference between the amounts of_carbon dioxide inhaled_and eliminated, while this difference_will_be_much less if the amount of carbon dioxide inhaled during_rebreathing is_only slightly greater_than that inhaled during the patient's normal respiration.
VCO2 is the_first of the two signals (i.e., VCO2_and petCO2) to accurately reflect rebreathing-induced changes. When rebre