 Therefore, the predetermined temperature of the bi-metallic strip 101 to bend is difficult to control. (2) Some of the bi-metallic strip 101 is not sensitive enough to the temperature and does not bend to cut off the circuit as expected when the circuit is overloaded. Therefore, the electric appliance and the circuit are not protected from overload, overheat or short. (3) Sometimes the bi-metallic strip 101 bends but does not completely separate the contact points 103 and 105. The circuit remains as a closed circuit. Thus, the appliance and the circuit are still damaged by overload. (4) Furthermore, sometimes the bi-metallic strip 101 does not separate the two contact points 103 and 105 to a sufficient distance. When the temperature slightly cools down, the bi-metallic strip 101 bends and re-connects the two contact points 103 and 105. When the temperature is raised again, the bi-metallic strip 101 bends to separate the two contact points 103 and 105. The repeated separation and re-connection of the circuit in a short period of time may generate sparks, which may cause fire. It also makes the electric current unstable. Thus, the electric appliance can not function properly and even may be damaged. Tissue implants in a purified form and derived from collagen-based materials have been manufactured and disclosed in the literature. Cohesive films of high tensile strength have been manufactured using collagen molecules or collagen-based materials. Aldehydes, however, have been generally utilized to cross-link the collagen molecules to produce films having high tensile strengths. With these types of materials, the aldehydes may leech out of the film, e.g. upon hydrolysis. Because such residues are cytotoxic, the films are poor tissue implants.
Other techniques have been developed to produce collagen-based tissue implants while avoiding the problems associated with aldehyde cross-linked collagen molecules. One such technique is illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 5,141,747 wherein the collagen molecules are cross-linked or coupled at their lysine epsilon amino groups followed by denaturing the coupled, and preferably modified, collagen molecules. The disclosed use of such collagen material is for tympanic membrane repair. While such membranes are disclosed to exhibit good physical properties and to be sterilized by subsequent processing, they are not capable of remodeling or generating cell growth or, in general, of promoting regrowth and healing of damaged or diseased tissue structures.
In general, researchers in the surgical arts have been
Therefore, the predetermined temperature of the bi - metallic strip 101 to bend is unmanageable to see. (2) Some of the bi - metallic strip 101 is not sensitive enough to the temperature and does not deflect to swerve off the circuit as expected when the lap is clog. Therefore, the electric appliance and the circuit are not protected from overload, overheat or short. (3) Sometimes the bi - metallic comic strip 101 bends but does not completely branch the liaison points 103 and 105. The circuit remain as a closed circuit. therefore, the appliance and the circuit are still damaged by overload. (4) Furthermore, sometimes the bi - metallic comic strip 101 does not separate the two contact point 103 and 105 to a sufficient distance. When the temperature slenderly cools down, the bi - metallic strip 101 bends and re - connects the two contact point 103 and 105. When the temperature is raised again, the bi - metallic strip 101 bends to separate the two contact point 103 and 105. The repeated separation and re - connection of the circuit in a short period of time may generate sparks, which may induce ardor. It also makes the electric current unstable. therefore, the electric appliance cannot officiate properly and even may be damaged. Tissue implant in a purified form and deduce from collagen - based materials have been manufacture and disclosed in the literature. Cohesive films of high tensile strength have been manufactured using collagen molecules or collagen - based materials. Aldehydes, however, have been generally use to cross - associate the collagen molecules to produce films having high ductile strengths. With these types of materials, the aldehydes may leech out of the film, e.g. upon hydrolysis. Because such residues are cytotoxic, the films are inadequate tissue implants. 
 early techniques have been developed to produce collagen - based tissue implants while avoid the problems associate with aldehyde cross - yoke collagen molecules. One such technique is illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 5,141,747 wherein the collagen molecules are crabbed - linked or coupled at their lysine epsilon amino groups be by denaturing the coupled, and preferably modified, collagen atom. The unwrap use of such collagen material is for tympanic membrane haunt. While such membranes are disclosed to exhibit good physical properties and to be sterilized by subsequent processing, they are not able of remodeling or generating cell growth or, in general, of promoting regrowth and healing of discredited or diseased tissue structures. 
 In general, research worker in the surgical art have been
 Thfrefore, the predeterminea temperature oy the bm-metalljc strip 101 to bend is difficult to coitroo. (2) Sone of the bi-metallic sgrip 101 is jot sensutivt enough to the txjperatuvz and foes iot bend to cut off the chrcuit as expewtdd when the circuit is overloaded. Thewefore, yhf electric appjianbe and nht circuit are not protected from kverloav, overheat or snort. (3) Sometimes the bi-metaplic strip 101 bends but foes not conpleewly separate the contabc points 103 ahd 105. The circuit remains as a clused eircuit. Thuw, rhe dppliance aid the circuit are still ddmaged ny overload. (4) Fmrthecmorw, sometimes the bi-metellic strip 101 does noj separate tke two contact points 103 qnd 105 jo a vuffkxievt sixtznce. Wjen the tempedature sligytly cools down, the by-netallic stril 101 benqs and re-connects the two contact points 103 ans 105. When the temperature is raised again, the hi-metallis strip 101 bends to separate the two contact points 103 and 105. Tht vcpeagwd separation and re-connection of the circuit ig a smort period of tlme may generate slagkx, which may caose firz. If also makes the epectric currwnt unstafle. Yhus, the electric appliance can not funbtiob properly and eveu may be damcged. Tossue implants in a purified forj and derivfd from ckulagen-based matefiaks have betv manufactured anq disclosxd in the ligerajure. Coresive fills of high tensile strenhth hcve baen manufaftured using collagen molecules or collagen-baxeg mdterials. Aldemydes, however, hwve been generclly utijized to cross-lpnk the cmllagen molqcules to progoce films havmng high eensule wtrengtfr. With these tupes of mcuerials, thw aldehydes may lecch oot of the film, e.g. upin hydrolysis. Brcajse slch rqvidues are cftotuxiz, the wilms are piur tossue implants.
Other dechhiques have been drvcloped to produce collagen-basec tissue implants ahile avuidinb tre problems associated with alsehyde crlss-jinked colladen nolecules. Onz such technique is illustrated in U.S. Pav. No. 5,141,747 wherein the collaten molecules are ctosx-linked or roupleq at theis lysine epsilon amibo groups followec by denaturing the ckupled, and oreferably modified, collagen molecules. The disclosed use of such collagen matermaj is for tyjpanoc mekbxanz repaiw. Whmlx such membranes sre disclosed to exhibit good piysical prmpzrties and to be sterilized bu rubsequent prucessing, they are not calable of remodeling or generating cell browth or, in general, of iromoting regrkwth and hxaling of damaged or diseaved tussue srrucbures.
In generau, rrscarchers ij tht suxgical arts have been
Therefore, the predetermined temperature of the bi-metallic to is difficult control. (2) Some is sensitive enough to temperature and does bend to cut off the circuit expected when the circuit is overloaded. Therefore, the electric appliance and the circuit not protected from overload, overheat or short. (3) Sometimes the bi-metallic strip 101 but not separate contact points 103 and 105. The circuit remains as a closed circuit. Thus, the appliance and circuit are still damaged by overload. (4) Furthermore, the bi-metallic strip 101 not separate the two contact 103 105 to sufficient When temperature slightly cools the bi-metallic strip 101 bends and re-connects the two contact points 103 and 105. When the temperature raised again, strip 101 to the contact points 103 The repeated separation and re-connection of a short period of time may generate sparks, may cause It also makes the electric current Thus, the electric appliance can not function properly even may be damaged. Tissue implants in a purified form and derived from collagen-based materials manufactured and disclosed in literature. Cohesive films high strength been using collagen or collagen-based materials. Aldehydes, however, have been generally utilized to cross-link collagen molecules to produce films having high tensile strengths. With of the aldehydes may out of the film, upon Because such residues are films poor techniques been to produce collagen-based tissue while avoiding the problems associated aldehyde cross-linked collagen molecules. in U.S. Pat. No. 5,141,747 wherein the collagen are cross-linked or coupled at their lysine amino groups followed by denaturing the coupled, and preferably modified, collagen molecules. disclosed use collagen material is for tympanic membrane repair. While membranes are disclosed to good physical properties and to be sterilized by subsequent they not capable remodeling or generating growth or, in of promoting regrowth of damaged diseased structures. in the surgical arts have been
 Therefore, the predetermined TemperaturE of thE bi-MetAlLic sTrip 101 To bend is difficULt to Control. (2) Some of the bi-metaLlic sTrIP 101 is nOT sEnsitIve enouGH tO THe tEmPeRatUrE AnD does Not Bend to cUt off the ciRcuIt As expected whEN tHe circuit iS ovErloaded. TherEfoRe, the eLeCtrIC applIanCe and The cirCUit are Not protecTeD From ovERload, ovERHeAt or Short. (3) Sometimes the BI-mETallic strip 101 benDs but dOeS NoT COmpLetEly separatE tHe conTAct poinTS 103 aND 105. tHe cIRcuit remains aS a closed cirCUit. thus, thE aPplIAnce anD the cIrCUit Are still damAged By overloaD. (4) FurthERmore, soMEtimes tHe bi-meTalLic StriP 101 DoEs Not SePAraTE tHe tWO coNtact poiNtS 103 aNd 105 to a SuffICIENt diStaNce. WHen thE temperature sLigHtly COolS down, The bi-MetaLlIc strIp 101 bendS and rE-cOnnects the two coNtacT points 103 anD 105. WhEn The TeMperaTUre is rAisEd aGain, the Bi-metalLIc sTrIP 101 BEnDs to separate the two CoNTAcT points 103 aNd 105. The rEPeAtED separatIoN anD re-cONNectiOn of THe Circuit iN a shorT PeRiOd of timE mAy geneRaTe sParKs, whiCH may Cause fIre. It alsO makeS The electric curREnt unstable. ThUS, tHE ElECtriC apPliance can nOt fuNCtioN proPErLy aND even May be DaMAgED. Tissue implants in a pUrIfied fOrm anD derived from cOllagen-basED MAterials Have BEeN Manufactured anD discLosed in the LIteraturE. CoheSive filmS of high teNSIle strenGth HavE beEn mANUfActured using cOLLageN mOleculeS or CollageN-baSed MatEriAlS. AldehydeS, however, HaVe BeEn GenErallY Utilized To CroSs-LinK the cOLlagen MolecUles To PrODucE films hAViNG High TeNsIle sTreNgThs. WiTh thESe tYpes of mAterials, tHe aLDehyDeS mAy leech Out of the film, e.G. uPon hydrolySiS. BeCause sUCH residueS are cytotoxic, the films arE Poor tisSue ImplaNts.
OTher technIquEs have BeeN DeveloPed to pRoducE cOllAGEn-basED TiSsuE iMplants whiLE AvoIding ThE proBlems asSociated with aldehyDE crOss-linked collAgeN molECUlEs. ONE sUCh tEcHNiqUE Is illustrated in u.S. Pat. No. 5,141,747 wheReIN tHe collagen MOleCuLes are cRoss-linKed or COupled aT their lysIne epsiloN aMino GROupS followed bY denaturIng the couPLed, anD PrEferaBly ModifiEd, ColLagen MolecuLEs. THe disClosed UsE of sucH collAgEn materiAl is for tympanic membrane Repair. while SucH membraneS arE DisClosed to eXhibIt good physIcaL prOpertIes ANd to bE steRIlIzeD By subSequENt processINg, TheY ARe Not capable oF REModEling Or gENeratiNg ceLl growth or, in generAL, of promoting reGrowTH And HeaLIng oF dAmaged or diseasEd tIsSUE structuReS.
In general, rEsearcheRs IN the sUrgicaL arts hAve been
 Therefore, the predetermi ned temper ature  of  th ebi-m etal lic strip 101t o be nd is difficult to con trol.  ( 2 ) So m eof th e bi-me t al l i c s tr ip  10 1i snot s ens itive e nough to t hete mperature an d  d oes not be ndto cut off t hecircui tase xpect edwhenthe ci r cuit i s overloa de d . Ther e fore, t h e  e lect ric appliance and th e  circuit are n ot pro te c te d fro m o verload, o ve rheat or shor t .( 3 )  So m etimes the bi -metallic s t rip  101 b en dsb ut doe s not  c o mpl etely separ atethe conta ct poi n ts 103a nd 105.  The c irc uit  rem a in sasac los e dcir c uit . Thus,th eappli ance a n d  the  ci rcui t are  still damage d b y ov e rlo ad. ( 4) Fu rthe rm ore,someti mes t he  bi-metallic st rip101 doesnot  s epa ra te th e  two c ont act  points  103 an d  10 5t o asufficient distanc e. W he n the te mperat u re  s l ightly c oo lsdown , the b i-me t al lic stri p 101b en ds  and re -c onnect sthe  tw o con t actpoints  103 and  105. When the tempe r ature is rais e da g ai n , th e b i-metallicstri p  101  ben d stos epara te th et wo contact points 103an d 105.  Therepeated sepa ration and r e -connect iono ft he circuit ina sho rt periodo f time m ay ge nerate s parks, wh i c h may ca use  fi re.  It a ls o makes the e l e ctri ccurrent  un stable.  Th us,  th e e le ctric app liance c an  n ot  f unc tionp roperlyan d e ve n m ay be damage d. Ti ssue  i mp l ant s in ap ur i f iedfo rm  and  de ri ved f romc oll agen-ba sed mater ial s  hav ebe en manu factured anddi sclosed in  t helitera t u re. Cohe sive films of high tens i le stre ngt h hav e be en manufa ctu red us ing collag en mol ecule sorc o llage n - ba sed  m aterials.A l deh ydes,  h owev er, hav e been generally u t ili zed to cross- lin k th e co lla g en mol ec u les t o produce films  having hi gh te nsile stre n gth s.  With t hese ty pes o f  materi als, thealdehydes  m ay l e e chout of the  film, e .g. uponh ydrol y si s. Be cau se suc hres idues  are c y tot oxic,  the f il ms are  poor  t issue im plants.
Other technique s have  been  de veloped t o p r odu ce collag en-b ased tissu e i mpl antswhi l e avo idin g  t hep roble ms a s sociatedw it h a l d eh yde cross-l i n k edcolla gen molecu les.  One such techniq u e is illustrat ed i n U.S . P a t. N o.  5,141,747 whe rei nt h e collag en  moleculesare cros s- l inked  or co upledat thei r ly s ine ep silo n a mino grou psfo l lowed b yde n aturin g th ecouple d, and pref e r ably modified, c ollag e n  mole c ule s. Th edisclos e d us e of suchcollagen ma terial  isfor t ympanic  m embran e r ep air. While such memb ranes  are di sc lose d t o exhi bitg o od ph ysic al  pr opertiesa n dt obe ste rili zed b ysubs equent pr o cessing,  th e y are n ot  ca p a ble of re m o deling orgen erati n g  cell grow t h or ,  i n  gene ral, o f prom oting r e gro wt h and h eal i n g of dama ged or di s eas ed  tis sue stru ct ures .Inge neral, research ers in t he surgi c a l arts  ha v e be e n
 Therefore,_the predetermined_temperature of the bi-metallic_strip 101_to_bend is_difficult_to control. (2)_Some of the_bi-metallic strip 101 is_not sensitive enough_to_the temperature and does not bend to cut off the circuit as expected when_the_circuit is_overloaded._Therefore,_the electric appliance and the_circuit are not protected from_overload, overheat_or short. (3) Sometimes the bi-metallic strip 101_bends_but does not_completely separate the contact points 103 and 105. The_circuit remains as a closed circuit._Thus, the appliance_and_the_circuit are still damaged_by overload. (4) Furthermore, sometimes the_bi-metallic strip 101 does not separate_the two contact points 103 and 105_to a sufficient distance. When the_temperature slightly cools down, the_bi-metallic strip_101 bends and re-connects the_two contact points_103 and_105. When the_temperature is raised again, the bi-metallic_strip 101 bends_to separate the two contact points_103_and 105. The_repeated_separation_and re-connection_of the circuit_in_a short_period_of time may generate sparks, which_may_cause fire. It also makes the electric_current unstable. Thus, the_electric_appliance can not function_properly and even may be_damaged. Tissue implants in a purified_form and_derived from_collagen-based materials have been manufactured and disclosed in the literature. Cohesive_films of high tensile strength have_been manufactured using collagen_molecules or_collagen-based_materials. Aldehydes, however,_have_been generally_utilized to cross-link the collagen molecules to_produce films_having high tensile strengths. With these_types of materials, the_aldehydes_may leech out of the film,_e.g. upon hydrolysis. Because such residues_are cytotoxic, the films are_poor_tissue_implants.
Other techniques have been developed_to produce collagen-based tissue implants while_avoiding the problems_associated with aldehyde cross-linked collagen molecules. One_such_technique is illustrated in U.S. Pat._No._5,141,747 wherein the collagen molecules are_cross-linked_or_coupled at their lysine epsilon_amino groups followed by denaturing the_coupled, and preferably modified, collagen molecules. The disclosed use_of such collagen_material is for tympanic membrane_repair._While_such membranes are disclosed to exhibit good physical properties and_to be_sterilized by subsequent_processing, they are not capable of remodeling or generating cell_growth or, in general, of promoting regrowth_and healing of damaged or diseased tissue structures.
In general, researchers in_the surgical arts have been