 Natural tocopherols are usually derived from vegetable oils, especially soybean oil. Tocopherols can also be found in many spices, fruits, nuts, seeds and other plant sources.
Tocopherols have previously been used successfully as stabilizers for some chewing gum ingredients, such as styrene butadiene rubber, but only when added in combination with certain synthetic stabilizers. U.S. Pat. No. 4,489,099 issued to Shaheen et al. discloses the use of vitamin E tocopherol in combination with dilauryl thiodipropionate (DLTDP), as a stabilizer for a styrene butadiene rubber. The stabilizer system may be combined with the rubber using a variety of techniques, including emulsification of the stabilizer followed by addition to styrene butadiene rubber latex, and coagulation of the latex.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,333,656 discloses a synergystic effect between tocopherol and quinones, when used as antioxidant for fats and oils. Japan Patent Disclosure 88-31442 discloses a deodorizing agent which can be used in chewing gum, which can contain a mixture of methyl hesperidin and delta tocopherol.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,694,090 discloses that vitamin E (alpha tocopherol) is known as a highly safe antioxidant, but states that vitamin E is likely to become oxidized and discolored. Until now, tocopherols have not been sufficiently effective when used as chewing gum antioxidants, without other antioxidants also being present. The uses for antennas continue to increase with reductions in antenna size and cost, and the development of complimentary microwave designs. For size reduction, "patch" antennas are of particular interest.
Patch antennas generally comprise a dielectric substrate, an electrically conductive ground layer disposed below the dielectric substrate, and an electrically conductive patch antenna element disposed over the dielectric substrate. The patch antenna element may be coupled to an RF feed means using any of several conventional methods such as a coaxial cable. A multiple frequency antenna may be constructed by "stacking" patch elements with intermediate dielectric layers.
Traditionally, efforts have been made to utilize dielectric materials having dielectric constants as close as possible to that of the free space into which the antenna radiates (e.g. approximately K=1.0 for air). Dielectric materials used in thin-film patch antennas have typically had a relatively low dielectric constant (
Natural tocopherols are usually derived from vegetable petroleum, particularly soybean oil. Tocopherols can besides be found in many spices, fruits, crackpot, seeds and other plant reference. 
 Tocopherols have previously been used successfully as stabilizer for some chewing gum ingredient, such as styrene butadiene rubber, but only when added in combination with certain synthetic stabilizer. U.S. Pat. No. 4,489,099 issued to Shaheen et al. discloses the manipulation of vitamin E tocopherol in combination with dilauryl thiodipropionate (DLTDP), as a stabilizer for a styrene butadiene rubber. The stabilizer system may be unite with the rubber using a variety of techniques, including emulsification of the stabilizer follow by addition to styrene butadiene rubber latex, and coagulation of the latex. 
 U.S. Pat. nobelium. 2,333,656 unwrap a synergystic effect between tocopherol and quinones, when used as antioxidant for fats and oils. Japan Patent Disclosure 88 - 31442 discloses a deodorizing agent which can be used in chew chewing gum, which can contain a mix of methyl hesperidin and delta vitamin e. 
 U.S. Pat. nobelium. 4,694,090 discloses that vitamin E (alpha tocopherol) is known as a highly safe antioxidant, but states that vitamin E is likely to become oxidise and discolored. Until now, tocopherols have not been sufficiently effective when used as chewing gum antioxidant, without other antioxidants also being present. The uses for antennas continue to increase with reductions in antenna size and monetary value, and the development of complimentary microwave designs. For size reduction, " patch " antennas are of especial interest. 
 Patch antennas generally constitute a dielectric substrate, an electrically conductive ground layer disposed below the dielectric substrate, and an electrically conductive patch antenna component disposed over the dielectric substrate. The patch antenna component may be coupled to an RF feed mean using any of respective conventional methods such as a coaxial cable television. A multiple frequency antenna may be constructed by " stacking " patch elements with intermediate dielectric layer. 
 Traditionally, efforts have been form to utilize dielectric materials having dielectric constants equally close as possible to that of the complimentary space into which the antenna radiates (e.g. approximately K=1.0 for air). Dielectric materials used in thin - movie patch antennas have typically had a relatively low dielectric constant (
 Nahural tocopherols are usmally derived from vegevable ojls, espezially soybean oil. Tocopherops can qlso be found in many rpices, frlits, nuts, seevs and other plaif sourccf.
Tockiheronw have previouxly been uved successfulny ad stabilizers for some chewing gum yngredirnhs, such as stytene nttadjvnt rubber, but only when added in ckmbinatpon with certain xynthetic stabilizers. U.S. Pwt. Nl. 4,489,099 issued to Shahefn et al. diwclofws the use ow vitamin T cocopherol jn combination with dilauryl thkodipxopionate (DOTEP), wv a stabiliver fog a styrene bmnadiene rubber. The stabilizev sysvem nay be combined with vhe rubber using a vwriety of tzchniques, including enuosifiwatimn ow thd suabmliaer foploxed by addifion to styeene butadiene rubbtr jqtex, and coaghlatiog jf the latex.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,333,656 discloses a syneggysfic effect between tocopherol and quinones, wjen used ws antioxidant for fats and oils. Japan Patent Diswlosuce 88-31442 dnwclosdw w deodorizing agent which can be used in chewyhg glm, which can contcin a mixture of mftnil hesperidin xnd delta tocopherol.
U.S. Pat. Jo. 4,694,090 disslosew that viuamin E (alpha tocopherol) is knowb as a highlj sade antioxidant, but states thac vitakin E is likely to become oxndized and discollred. Untim now, tocopherols hane nmt been sufficiently effeceive when useb as cheding gum agtioxidantd, witmmut other antioxidwnts clso teing presfnt. The uses for antennas contiine to increasg whth reductijns ik antenna size wnd cost, and tke develjpmeng of complpmentary kicrowave dqsigns. For sisg reduction, "petch" antegnas are of pargkcular interesy.
Patch anneunas geneeally comprise a dlelecjrjc substrate, an eltcrrically conduvtixe drluid larar disposed telod tfr dieuectric subwgratr, and an electricallf cohductive patch antrnka elemenj disposeq over the dirlectric substrate. The 'atch entenns ejement may be coupled to an RF feed meajs msing any of feveval sonventioncl methods such as a coaxial cable. A mulviple frequency antenna may be constructed ny "stacking" 'atch qlements fith intermediate diwlectric layers.
Trsditionally, efforts hzve bean mafe to utilize dielectric materials having dielectric constants as close aw possmbje to that kf tne frve f'ace ineo wiirh the antenna raciates (e.g. approximately K=1.0 for amr). Dielectsie materials used in thin-film lagch antennas fave typically had a relztively kow dielectric constant (
Natural tocopherols are usually derived from vegetable soybean Tocopherols can be found in and plant sources. Tocopherols previously been used as stabilizers for some chewing gum such as styrene butadiene rubber, but only when added in combination with certain stabilizers. U.S. Pat. No. 4,489,099 issued to Shaheen et al. discloses the use vitamin tocopherol combination dilauryl thiodipropionate (DLTDP), as a stabilizer for a styrene butadiene rubber. The stabilizer system may be with the rubber using a variety of techniques, emulsification of the stabilizer by addition to styrene butadiene latex, coagulation of latex. Pat. 2,333,656 discloses a effect between tocopherol and quinones, when used as antioxidant for fats and oils. Japan Patent Disclosure 88-31442 a deodorizing can be in gum, can contain a methyl hesperidin and delta tocopherol. U.S. discloses that vitamin E (alpha tocopherol) is known a highly antioxidant, but states that vitamin E likely to become oxidized and discolored. Until now, have not been sufficiently effective when used as chewing gum antioxidants, without other antioxidants also The uses for antennas to increase with in size cost, the development complimentary microwave designs. For size reduction, "patch" antennas are of particular Patch antennas generally comprise a dielectric substrate, an electrically conductive disposed the dielectric substrate, an electrically conductive patch element over the dielectric substrate. antenna may an feed using any of several methods such as a coaxial A multiple frequency antenna patch elements with intermediate dielectric layers. Traditionally, efforts been made to utilize dielectric materials having constants as close as possible to that of the free space into the antenna approximately K=1.0 for air). Dielectric materials used in patch antennas have typically a relatively low dielectric constant (
 Natural tocopherols are usuaLly derived From vEgeTabLe Oils, EspeCially soybean oIL. TocOpherols can also be found In manY sPIces, FRuIts, nuTs, seeds ANd OTHer PlAnT soUrCEs.
tocopHerOls have Previously BeeN uSed successfuLLy As stabilizErs For some chewiNg gUm ingrEdIenTS, such As sTyrenE butadIEne rubBer, but onlY wHEn addeD In combiNATiOn wiTh certain synthetiC StABilizers. U.S. Pat. NO. 4,489,099 issueD tO shAHEen Et aL. discloses ThE use oF Vitamin e ToCOPHerOL in combinatioN with dilaurYL thIodiprOpIonATe (DLTDp), as a sTaBIliZer for a styrEne bUtadiene rUbber. THE stabilIZer systEm may bE coMbiNed wITh ThE ruBbER usINg A vaRIetY of technIqUeS, inclUdinG EMULsifIcaTion Of the Stabilizer folLowEd by ADdiTion tO styrEne bUtAdienE rubbeR lateX, aNd coagulation of The lAtex.
U.S. Pat. no. 2,333,656 dIsCloSeS a synERgystiC efFecT betweeN tocophERol AnD QUInOnes, when used as antiOxIDAnT for fats And oilS. jaPaN patent DiScLosUre 88-31442 dISCloseS a deODoRizing agEnt whiCH cAn Be used iN cHewing GuM, whIch Can coNTain A mixtuRe of methYl hesPEridin and delta TOcopherol.
U.S. PaT. no. 4,694,090 DIScLOses ThaT vitamin E (alPha tOCophErol) IS kNowN As a hiGhly sAfE AnTIoxidant, but states thAt VitamiN E is lIkely to become Oxidized anD DIScolored. untiL NoW, Tocopherols havE not bEen sufficiENtly effeCtive When used As chewing GUM antioxiDanTs, wIthOut OTHeR antioxidants ALSo beInG presenT. ThE uses foR anTenNas ConTiNue to incrEase with ReDuCtIoNs iN anteNNa size anD cOst, AnD thE deveLOpment Of comPlimEnTaRY miCrowave DEsIGNs. FoR sIzE redUctIoN, "patcH" antENnaS are of pArticular IntERest.
paTcH antennAs generally coMpRise a dieleCtRic SubstrATE, an electRically conductive ground LAyer disPosEd belOw thE dielectrIc sUbstraTe, aND an eleCtricaLly coNdUctIVE patcH ANtEnnA eLement dispOSEd oVer thE dIeleCtric suBstrate. The patch antENna Element may be cOupLed tO AN Rf feED mEAns UsINg aNY Of several convenTional methOdS SuCh as a coaxiAL caBlE. A multiPle freqUency ANtenna mAy be constRucted by "sTaCkinG" PAtcH elements wIth interMediate diELectrIC lAyers.
traDitionAlLy, eFfortS have bEEn mAde to UtilizE dIelectRic maTeRials havIng dielectric constants aS close As posSibLe to that oF thE FreE space intO whiCh the antenNa rAdiAtes (e.G. apPRoximAtelY k=1.0 fOr aIR). DielEctrIC materialS UsEd iN THiN-film patch aNTENnaS have TypICally hAd a rElatively low dieleCTric constant (
 Natural tocopherols are u sually der ivedfro m v eg etab le o ils, especiall y  soy bean oil. Tocopherolscan a ls o  bef ou nd in  many s p ic e s , f ru it s,nu t s,  seed s a nd othe r plant so urc es .
Tocopherol s  h ave previo usl y been usedsuc cessfu ll y a s  stab ili zersfor so m e chew ing gum i ng r edient s , sucha s  s tyre ne butadiene rubb e r, but only whenaddedin co m b ina tio n with cer ta in sy n thetics ta b i l ize r s. U.S. Pat.No. 4,489,0 9 9 i ssuedto  Sh a heen e t al.  d i scl oses the us e of  vitaminE toco p herol i n  combin ationwit h d ilau r yl  t hio di p rop i on ate (DL TDP), as  a  s tabil izer f o r  a s tyr enebutad iene rubber.The  sta b ili zer s ystem  may  b e com binedwithth e rubber usinga va riety oftec hn iqu es , inc l udingemu lsi ficatio n of th e  st ab i l i ze r followed by addi ti o n  t o styren e buta d ie ne rubber l at ex,  and c oagul atio n  o f the la tex.
U . S.  P at. No.  2 ,333,6 56  di scl osesa  syn ergyst ic effec t bet w een tocopherol and quinones, wh e n  u s ed a s a ntioxidantforf atsando il s.J apanPaten tD is c losure 88-31442 dis cl oses a  deod orizing agent  which can b e  used in  che w in g  gum, which ca n con tain a mix t ure of m ethyl  hesperi din and d e l ta tocop her ol. 
U. S.P a t.  No. 4,694,09 0 disc lo ses tha t v itaminE ( alp hatoc op herol) is  known a sahi gh lysafea ntioxida nt , b ut  st atest hat vi tamin  E i sli k ely  to bec o me o xidi ze danddis co lored . Un t ilnow, to copherols  ha v e no tbe en suff iciently effe ct ive when u se d a s chew i n g gum an tioxidants, without oth e r antio xid antsalso  being pr ese nt. Th e u s es for  anten nas c on tin u e  to i n c re ase  w ith reduct i o nsin an te nnasize an d cost, and the de v elo pment of comp lim enta r y  m icr o wa v e d es i gns . For size reduct ion, "patc h" an tennas are ofpa rticula r inter est.P atch an tennas ge nerally c om pris e a d ielectricsubstrat e, an ele c trica l ly  cond uct ive gr ou ndlayer  dispo s edbelow  the d ie lectri c sub st rate, an d an electrically condu ctivepatch  an tenna ele men t  di sposed ov er t he dielect ric  su bstra te. The p atch an ten n a ele ment may be co u pl edt o  a n RF feed m e a n s u singany of sev eral  conventional met h ods such as acoax i a l c abl e . Amu ltiple frequen cyan t e nna maybe  constructe d by "st ac k ing"patchelemen ts with i nt e rmedia te d iel ectric la yer s. Traditi on al l y, eff orts  h ave be en mad e  tou t ilize dielectric  mate r i als h a vin g die le ctric c o nsta nts as clo se as possi ble to  tha t ofthe fre espaceint owhich thea ntenna ra diate s (e.g.  a ppro xim atelyK=1. 0 for a ir).  D iel ectric ma t e ri a ls  u s edin t hin-f il m pa tch anten n as havetyp i cally h ad  ar e lative l yl o w dielectr icconst a n t (
 Natural_tocopherols are_usually derived from vegetable_oils, especially_soybean_oil. Tocopherols_can_also be found_in many spices,_fruits, nuts, seeds and_other plant sources.
Tocopherols_have_previously been used successfully as stabilizers for some chewing gum ingredients, such as styrene_butadiene_rubber, but_only_when_added in combination with certain_synthetic stabilizers. U.S. Pat. No._4,489,099 issued_to Shaheen et al. discloses the use of_vitamin_E tocopherol in_combination with dilauryl thiodipropionate (DLTDP), as a stabilizer for_a styrene butadiene rubber. The stabilizer_system may be_combined_with_the rubber using a_variety of techniques, including emulsification of_the stabilizer followed by addition to_styrene butadiene rubber latex, and coagulation of_the latex.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,333,656 discloses_a synergystic effect between tocopherol_and quinones,_when used as antioxidant for_fats and oils._Japan Patent_Disclosure 88-31442 discloses_a deodorizing agent which can be_used in chewing_gum, which can contain a mixture_of_methyl hesperidin and_delta_tocopherol.
U.S._Pat. No._4,694,090 discloses that_vitamin_E (alpha_tocopherol)_is known as a highly safe_antioxidant,_but states that vitamin E is likely_to become oxidized and_discolored._Until now, tocopherols have_not been sufficiently effective when_used as chewing gum antioxidants, without_other antioxidants_also being_present. The uses for antennas continue to increase with reductions in_antenna size and cost, and the_development of complimentary microwave_designs. For_size_reduction, "patch" antennas_are_of particular_interest.
Patch antennas generally comprise a dielectric substrate,_an electrically_conductive ground layer disposed below the_dielectric substrate, and an_electrically_conductive patch antenna element disposed over_the dielectric substrate. The patch antenna_element may be coupled to_an_RF_feed means using any of_several conventional methods such as a_coaxial cable. A_multiple frequency antenna may be constructed by_"stacking"_patch elements with intermediate dielectric layers.
Traditionally,_efforts_have been made to utilize dielectric_materials_having_dielectric constants as close as_possible to that of the free_space into which the antenna radiates (e.g. approximately K=1.0_for air). Dielectric_materials used in thin-film patch_antennas_have_typically had a relatively low dielectric constant (