 takes his or her foot from an accelerator pedal during operating a vehicle, the speed ratio is controlled so as to be shifted up in order to improve fuel economy and to enhance driveability. Accordingly, when the accelerator pedal is released, the speed ratio is stuck to an over-drive position and the vehicle travels by inertia with an engine brake applied.
On the other hand, when the vehicle driver releases the accelerator pedal, he or she sometimes intends to decelerate the vehicle while engine brake is exerted. For example, when the vehicle travels on winding roads, since moderate engine brakes are obtained by easing his or her foot off the accelerator pedal, the frequency of depressing a brake pedal for deceleration decreases and as a result the a burden of the operator can be substantially reduced. However, when the operator takes his or her foot from the accelerator pedal, the prior control apparatus fixes the speed ratio to an overdrive position and the vehicle runs by inertia irrespective of an intention of the operator. As a result, the operator must depress the brake pedal for deceleration after taking the foot from the accelerator pedal. A radio frequency (RF) signal includes useful information that is modulated onto a carrier signal. An RF receiver retrieves the useful information from the RF signal. RF receivers are used in a wide variety of applications such as television transmission, cellular telephones, pagers, global positioning systems (GPS), cable modems, cordless phones, satellite radios, and the like. As used herein, an RF signal means an electromagnetic signal having a frequency in a spectrum from about 3 kilohertz (kHz) to hundreds of gigahertz (GHz), regardless of the medium through which such signal is conveyed. Thus an RF signal may be transmitted through air, free space, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, etc.
In many broadcast RF transmission systems, the frequency spectrum is relatively wide and is divided into separate channels that include different information. A television receiver receives the wide spectrum RF signal, mixes a desired channel to a convenient intermediate frequency (IF) to make it easier to filter, and then converts it to baseband where the information may be processed further. For example, a television receiver may translate a channel in the frequency spectrum of 48 megahertz (MHz) to 870 MHz to an intermediate frequency of 44 MHz.
Often, the RF signal power level in a particular channel is low, and needs to be amplified before being mixed or otherwise processed in the receiver. Thus receivers such as television receivers commonly use a
takes his or her foot from an accelerator pedal during operate a fomite, the speed ratio is operate so as to be shift up in order to improve fuel economy and to enhance driveability. consequently, when the accelerator pedal is released, the focal ratio ratio is stuck to an complete - drive position and the vehicle travels by inactiveness with an engine brake apply. 
 On the other hand, when the fomite driver releases the accelerator pedal, he or she sometimes intend to decelerate the vehicle while engine bracken is exerted. For exemplar, when the vehicle travel on winding roads, since moderate engine brake are obtained by easing his or her foot off the accelerator pedal, the frequency of press down a bracken pedal for deceleration decreases and as a result the a burden of the operator can be substantially reduced. However, when the hustler takes his or her infantry from the accelerator pedal, the prior restraint apparatus fixes the speed ratio to an overdrive stead and the vehicle runs by inertia irrespective of an purpose of the operator. As a result, the operator must depress the brake pedal for deceleration after taking the foot from the accelerator pedal. A radio frequency (RF) signal includes utilitarian information that is modulate onto a mailman signal. An RF receiver retrieves the useful information from the RF signal. reticular formation receivers are used in a wide variety show of applications such as television transmission, cellular telephones, beeper, global positioning systems (GPS), cable modems, cordless telephone, satellite radios, and the alike. As used herein, an RF signal mean an electromagnetic signal having a frequency in a spectrum from about 3 kilohertz (kilohertz) to hundreds of gigahertz (GHz), regardless of the medium through which such signal is convey. Thus an RF signal may be transmit through air, free space, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, etc. 
 In many broadcast RF transmission system, the frequency spectrum is relatively wide and is divided into disjoined channels that include unlike information. A television receiver receives the wide spectrum RF signal, mixes a desired channel to a convenient intermediate frequency (IF) to make it easy to percolate, and then convert it to baseband where the information may be processed far. For example, a television liquidator may translate a channel in the frequency spectrum of 48 megahertz (MHz) to 870 megahertz to an intermediate frequency of 44 megahertz. 
 Often, the RF signal power level in a particular channel is low, and needs to be amplified before being interracial or otherwise processed in the liquidator. Thus receivers such as television receivers commonly use a
 tanes his or her foot from an accelerator pedal vuring kperatine a vehicle, the speed ratio ms cintrooled so as to be shiftdd up in lrder to impcove fuel economb and to enhandc drireebility. Accordikgly, when tve accelerator pddcl is released, the speed ratio is sttck to sn over-drive posytiom and nht vehicle travels by inertia with an engpne brake applied.
Pn the other hand, when the vehlcle driver releasfs the acceoeraeir pedal, he ur she somttnmes intenda to decelerate the vehicle whiue enyine brake us exftted. For exanple, rhen the vehlble traeels on winding roads, siice noderate engine brakev are obtained by gasing his ox her foot off the acxeoeratmr padal, rhe frtquxncg of dfprxssing a brzke pedal fir deceleration dectewwes and as a desult tre a burden of the operator can be subsuantizlly reduced. However, whwn the operator takes his or hqr foot from the accelerator pedal, the prior contsol a'pxrauuw fixdw hhe speed ratio to an overdrive position and ege vvhicle runs by incrtia irrespective ov sg intention ow the opedator. As a result, hhe opetator nust deprtss tne brake pedal for decelerarion after tckibg the foot from tke acceleratur pgdal. A radio frequency (RF) sigual indludes usefkl informzgion that is modjlaned mnto a carrier signal. An RS receivec retxieves tfe uxeful ynformatioj from the RF signal. RF geceirers dre used ij a wide variety of applications such as telefiviot transmnssion, cellular telqphones, pagers, global posigioning syatems (G'S), cable modqms, cordless [jones, satellmte radiof, ane thw like. Xr used herein, sn RF sigucl means qn electromagnetic siehal having a frzdowncy in a specyruo fwol ebout 3 kilohertz (kVz) tu hjmdredr of gigahevtz (GHz), regardless of the madiuj through which suvh signal us convered. Thus an RG signal may be trwnsmivted tirough ait, free space, coaxial cable, fibed optic cwblc, etc.
In many froaecast RF trausmission systems, the frequency spectrum is relatively widw and is divided injo xeparate chennels that incnude different infornation. A televisipn receiver receives fhe wige spfctrum RF signal, mixes a desired channel to a convenient intermediate frewuency (IF) to make jt essier tj filtew, anv vhen converts it no baseband where the informatioi may be psoeessed further. For example, a yeuevision recekver may translate a chahnel in yhe frequency spectrum of 48 meganertz (MHz) to 870 MHz to an lntermediqte fdequenbi oh 44 MHz.
Often, the RF sognal 'ower oevel ib a iarticular chavnek ls low, and neevs co be amplified before being mixee or orhfrwise processed in the recciyer. Thos receiders such as telsvisjln rezeivers commomly use a
takes his or her foot from an during a vehicle, speed ratio is shifted in order to fuel economy and enhance driveability. Accordingly, when the accelerator is released, the speed ratio is stuck to an over-drive position and the travels by inertia with an engine brake applied. On the other hand, when vehicle releases accelerator he or she sometimes intends to decelerate the vehicle while engine brake is exerted. For example, the vehicle travels on winding roads, since moderate brakes are obtained by his or her foot off accelerator the frequency depressing brake for deceleration decreases as a result the a burden of the operator can be substantially reduced. However, when the operator his or from the pedal, prior apparatus fixes the to an overdrive position and the inertia irrespective of an intention of the operator. a result, operator must depress the brake pedal deceleration after taking the foot from the accelerator A radio frequency (RF) signal includes useful information that is modulated onto a carrier signal. receiver retrieves the useful from the RF RF are in wide variety applications such as television transmission, cellular telephones, pagers, global positioning systems cable modems, cordless phones, satellite radios, and the like. As an signal means an signal having a frequency a from about 3 kilohertz hundreds gigahertz the through such signal is conveyed. an RF signal may be through air, free space, etc. In many broadcast RF transmission systems, the spectrum is relatively wide and is divided separate channels that include different information. A television receiver receives the wide RF signal, desired channel to a convenient intermediate frequency (IF) make it easier to and then converts it to baseband where the information be further. For a television receiver translate a channel the frequency spectrum megahertz (MHz) 870 to of 44 MHz. Often, the RF power in a particular channel is and be amplified before being mixed or otherwise processed in the receiver. Thus receivers such as commonly use a
 takes his or her foot from an acCelerator pEdal dUriNg oPeRatiNg a vEhicle, the speed RAtio Is controlled so as to be shIfted Up IN ordER tO imprOve fuel ECoNOMy aNd To EnhAnCE dRiveaBilIty. AccoRdingly, wheN thE aCcelerator peDAl Is released, The Speed ratio is StuCk to an OvEr-dRIve poSitIon anD the veHIcle trAvels by inErTIa with AN engine BRAkE appLied.
On the other hanD, WhEN the vehicle driVer relEaSEs THE acCelErator pedaL, hE or shE SometimES iNTENds TO decelerate thE vehicle whiLE enGine brAkE is EXerted. for exAmPLe, wHen the vehicLe trAvels on wiNding rOAds, sincE ModeratE enginE brAkeS are OBtAiNed By EAsiNG hIs oR Her Foot off tHe AcCelerAtor PEDAL, the FreQuenCy of dEpressing a braKe pEdal FOr dEceleRatioN decReAses aNd as a rEsult ThE a burden of the opEratOr can be suBstAnTiaLlY reduCEd. HoweVer, WheN the opeRator taKEs hIs OR HEr Foot from the accelerAtOR PeDal, the prIor conTRoL aPParatus fIxEs tHe spEED ratiO to aN OvErdrive pOsitioN AnD tHe vehicLe Runs by InErtIa iRrespECtivE of an iNtention Of the OPerator. As a resuLT, the operator mUSt DEPrESs thE brAke pedal for DeceLEratIon aFTeR taKIng thE foot FrOM tHE accelerator pedal. A rAdIo freqUency (rF) signal incluDes useful iNFORmation tHat iS MoDUlated onto a carRier sIgnal. An RF rECeiver reTrievEs the useFul informATIon from tHe Rf siGnaL. RF RECeIvers are used iN A Wide VaRiety of AppLicatioNs sUch As tEleViSion transMission, cElLuLaR tElePhoneS, Pagers, glObAl pOsItiOning SYstems (gPS), caBle mOdEmS, CorDless phONeS, SAtelLiTe RadiOs, aNd The liKe. As USed Herein, aN RF signal MeaNS an eLeCtRomagneTic signal haviNg A frequency In A spEctrum FROm about 3 kIlohertz (kHz) to hundreds of GIgahertZ (GHZ), regaRdleSs of the meDiuM throuGh wHIch sucH signaL is coNvEyeD. tHus an rf SiGnaL mAy be transmITTed ThrouGh Air, fRee spacE, coaxial cable, fiber OPtiC cable, etc.
In maNy bRoadCASt rF tRAnSMisSiON sySTEms, the frequency Spectrum is ReLAtIvely wide aND is DiVided inTo separAte chANnels thAt include Different InFormATIon. a televisioN receiveR receives THe widE SpEctruM RF Signal, MiXes A desiRed chaNNel To a coNvenieNt IntermEdiatE fRequency (iF) to make it easier to filteR, and thEn conVerTs it to basEbaND whEre the infOrmaTion may be pRocEssEd furTheR. for exAmplE, A tEleVIsion ReceIVer may traNSlAte A CHaNnel in the frEQUEncY specTruM Of 48 megaHertZ (MHz) to 870 MHz to an inteRMediate frequenCy of 44 mhZ.
OfTen, THe RF SiGnal power level In a PaRTIcular chAnNel is low, and Needs to bE aMPlifiEd befoRe beinG mixed oR OThERwise pRoceSseD in the recEivEr. tHus receIvErS Such as TeleViSion reCeiverS CommONLy use a
 takes his or her foot fro m an accel erato r p eda lduri ng o perating a veh i cle,  the speed ratio is co ntrol le d  soa sto be  shifte d  u p inor de r t oi mp rovefue l econo my and toenh an ce driveabil i ty . Accordin gly , when the a cce lerato rped a l isrel eased , thes peed r atio is s tu c k to a n  over-d r i ve  pos ition and the veh i cl e  travels by in ertiawi t ha n  en gin e brake ap pl ied.O n the o t he r h and ,  when the veh icle driver rel easesth e a c celera tor p ed a l,he or she s omet imes inte nds to deceler a te thevehicl e w hil e en g in ebra ke ise xe rte d . F or examp le ,whenthev e h i cletra vels  on w inding roads,  si ncem ode rateengin e br ak es ar e obta inedby  easing his orherfoot offthe  a cce le rator pedal,  th e f requenc y of de p res si n g abrake pedal for de ce l e ra tion dec reases an da s a resu lt  th e ab u rdenof t h eoperator  can b e  s ub stantia ll y redu ce d.How ever, when  the o peratortakes his or her foo t  from the acc e le r a to r  ped al,  the priorcont r ol a ppar a tu s f i xes t he sp ee d  r a tio to an overdrive  p ositio n and  the vehicleruns by in e r t ia irres pect i ve of an intentio n ofthe operat o r. As aresul t, the o perator m u s t depres s t hebra kep e da l for deceler a t ionaf ter tak ing  the fo otfro m t heac celerator  pedal.Ara di ofre quenc y  (RF) si gn alin clu des u s eful i nform atio nth a t i s modul a te d onto  a  c arri ersi gnal.  AnR F r eceiver  retrieve s t h e us ef ul  inform ation from th eRF signal.  R F r eceive r s  are use d in a wide variety ofa pplicat ion s suc h as  televisi ontransm iss i on, ce llular  tele ph one s ,  page r s ,glo ba l position i n g s ystem s(GPS ), cabl e modems, cordless pho nes, satellit e r adio s ,  a ndt he lik e. Asu s ed herein, an R F signal m ea n san electro m agn et ic sign al havi ng af requenc y in a sp ectrum fr om  abo u t  3kilohertz(kHz) to  hundreds of gi g ah ertz(GH z), re ga rdl ess o f them edi um th roughwh ich su ch si gn al is co nveyed. Thus an RF sign al may  be t ran smitted t hro u ghair, free  spa ce, coaxia l c abl e, fi ber optic  cab l e,  et c .
Inmany broadcast RF  tr a n sm ission syst e m s , t he fr equ e ncy sp ectr um is relativelyw ide and is div ided i nto  se p arat echannels thatinc lu d e  differe nt  informatio n. A tel ev i sionreceiv er rec eives t h e  w i de spe ctru m R F signal,  mi xe s  a desi re dc hannel  toaconven ient i n term e d iate frequency ( IF) t o makei t e asier  t o filte r , an d then con verts it to  baseb andwhere  the in fo rmatio n m ay  be proces s ed furthe r. Fo r examp le , atel evisio n re c e ivermaytr ans late a ch a n ne l  i nt hefreq uency  s pect rum of 48 megahert z ( M Hz) to87 0 M H z  to an in t e rmediate f req uency o f 44 MHz.O ften ,  t h e RFsignal  power  leveli n a  p articul arc h annel islow, andn eed sto b e amplif ie d be fo rebe ing mixed or ot herwiseprocesse d in the  re c eive r . Thus  r eceivers suc h aste l evision r ece ivers c o mmo nly  us e a
 takes_his or_her foot from an_accelerator pedal_during_operating a_vehicle,_the speed ratio_is controlled so_as to be shifted_up in order_to_improve fuel economy and to enhance driveability. Accordingly, when the accelerator pedal is released,_the_speed ratio_is_stuck_to an over-drive position and_the vehicle travels by inertia_with an_engine brake applied.
On the other hand, when the_vehicle_driver releases the_accelerator pedal, he or she sometimes intends to decelerate_the vehicle while engine brake is_exerted. For example,_when_the_vehicle travels on winding_roads, since moderate engine brakes are_obtained by easing his or her_foot off the accelerator pedal, the frequency_of depressing a brake pedal for_deceleration decreases and as a_result the_a burden of the operator_can be substantially_reduced. However,_when the operator_takes his or her foot from_the accelerator pedal,_the prior control apparatus fixes the_speed_ratio to an_overdrive_position_and the_vehicle runs by_inertia_irrespective of_an_intention of the operator. As a_result,_the operator must depress the brake pedal_for deceleration after taking_the_foot from the accelerator_pedal. A radio frequency (RF)_signal includes useful information that is_modulated onto_a carrier_signal. An RF receiver retrieves the useful information from the RF_signal. RF receivers are used in_a wide variety of_applications such_as_television transmission, cellular_telephones,_pagers, global_positioning systems (GPS), cable modems, cordless phones,_satellite radios,_and the like. As used herein,_an RF signal means_an_electromagnetic signal having a frequency in_a spectrum from about 3 kilohertz_(kHz) to hundreds of gigahertz_(GHz),_regardless_of the medium through which_such signal is conveyed. Thus an_RF signal may_be transmitted through air, free space, coaxial_cable,_fiber optic cable, etc.
In many broadcast_RF_transmission systems, the frequency spectrum is_relatively_wide_and is divided into separate_channels that include different information. A_television receiver receives the wide spectrum RF signal, mixes_a desired channel_to a convenient intermediate frequency_(IF)_to_make it easier to filter, and then converts it to_baseband where_the information may_be processed further. For example, a television receiver may translate_a channel in the frequency spectrum of_48 megahertz (MHz) to 870 MHz to an intermediate frequency of_44 MHz.
Often, the RF signal power level in_a particular channel is low, and needs_to be amplified before_being_mixed or otherwise processed in the receiver._Thus_receivers_such_as television receivers_commonly use a