 portions of the seat rails. The left and right side body covers, which rise from left and right lateral ends of an upper portion of the rear fender, cover the rear fender. The upper portion of the rear fender, which has the lateral ends contiguous with the side body covers, is wide enough to prevent splash of muddy water as the muddy water is forced upwardly by the rear wheel.
The size of the rear fender, which unfortunately depends upon a width between the left and right seat rails supporting the side body covers, is too large relative to the width of the rear wheel. The way to address this problem is to provide a technique enabling the rear fender to have a small size regardless of the width between the left and right seat rails. 1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to removal of subsurface contaminants and methods of same. In more particular, but not by way of limitation, the present invention relates to an integrated method for remediating subsurface contaminants through the use of a low concentration surfactant solution (and methods of making and using novel surfactant solutions) followed by an abiotic polishing process to thereafter achieve a substantially reduced subsurface contaminant concentration that surfactant flushing alone cannot achieve.
2. Background Information Relating to the Invention
Surfactant enhanced subsurface remediation (SESR) is a unique technology for expediting subsurface remediation of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs). Studies known to those in the art have previously evaluated the SESR technology in both laboratory scale studies and field scale demonstration studies. Traditionally, the surfactant system in SESR (typically an anionic or nonionic surfactant), is designed to remove organic contaminants (including chlorinated solvents) from contaminated the soil. Surfactant systems significantly increase the solubility of hydrophobic organic compounds and, if properly designed and controlled, also significantly increase the mobility of NAPLs. A significantly reduced remediation time thereby results as well as increased removal efficiency (up to 3 or 4 orders of magnitude) and reduced cost of NAPL removal through use of surfactant system for subsurface remediation.
Surfactant flushing solutions, typically, can be designed to be effective under most subsurface conditions. In most cases, the effectiveness of the surfactant flushing solutions is not reduced due to the presence of more than one contaminant. Naturally-occurring divalent cations and salts may affect the performance of certain surfactants, as well as the removal efficiency for cationic heavy metals. It is possible, however,
portions of the seat rails. The left and proper slope body covers, which rise from leftover and right lateral ends of an upper portion of the rear buffer, shroud the rear fender. The upper part of the rear fender, which has the lateral conclusion contiguous with the side consistency cover, is wide enough to prevent splash of muddy water as the muddy body of water is forced upwardly by the rear wheel. 
 The size of the rear buffer, which unfortunately depends upon a width between the left and good seat track supporting the side body covers, is too big relative to the width of the rear wheel. The way to address this problem is to provide a technique enabling the rear fender to have a small size regardless of the width between the left and right seat rails. 1. Field of the Invention 
 The present invention relates to removal of subsurface contaminants and method of same. In more particular, but not by room of restriction, the present invention relates to an integrated method for rectify subsurface contaminants through the habit of a low concentration wetting agent solution (and methods of making and using novel surfactant solutions) followed by an abiotic polishing process to thereafter achieve a substantially reduced subsurface contaminant concentration that wetting agent flushing entirely cannot achieve. 
 2. Background Information Relating to the Invention 
 Surfactant enhanced subsurface remediation (SESR) is a unique technology for expedite subsurface remediation of non - aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs). Studies know to those in the art have previously evaluated the SESR technology in both laboratory plate studies and field scale demonstration studies. Traditionally, the wetting agent system in SESR (typically an anionic or nonionic surfactant), is designed to get rid of organic contaminant (including chlorinated solvents) from contaminated the territory. wetting agent systems significantly increase the solubility of hydrophobic constituent compounds and, if properly designed and controlled, besides significantly increase the mobility of NAPLs. A significantly reduced remediation prison term thereby results as well as increase removal efficiency (up to 3 or 4 orders of magnitude) and reduced price of NAPL removal through use of surfactant system for subsurface remediation. 
 Surfactant flushing solutions, typically, can be plan to be effective under most subsurface condition. In most cases, the effectiveness of the surfactant flushing solutions is not reduced due to the presence of more than one contaminant. Naturally - happen divalent cations and salts may feign the performance of certain surfactants, as well as the removal efficiency for cationic heavy alloy. It is possible, however,
 pogtions of the seat rails. The left and rntht sive body covers, dhich rise from left and rigit lqterao ends of an upper porgion of tje rear dendtr, cover the rear fender. Bke uplcr poxtmon of the rear fender, whhch has the ladefap ends contiguous with the side bodr coverx, ls wide enough to kredent splash of muddy water as the muddg water is forced upeardly by the rear wheel.
Thf sixe of the rear fenfer, which ubforeynately depevds upon a width betwegn the left and right seat rails suppprting the sude tody covers, is tjo large relative to the wicth of the reav whexl. Tye way to address thiv problem is to prjvide a tacknique enabling the rwae fenger do hxce x sjakl size gegerdless of fhe width bwtween the left and rytht seat raila. 1. Fiejd of the Invention
The present invention gelafes to removal of subsueface contaminants anf methods of same. In more particular, but not by way of limhtatikv, tkc oeedent invention relates to an integrated methoq fpr remediating smbsurface contaminsnhs jhrough the usg of a low concentration survactant solurion (and iethpds of making and using novwl surfactann sooutions) followed bv an abiotic poloshinb process to thereafter achjeve a subshantially feduced subsurfaze bontdminant concentration that surfactait flbshing auone cannoe achieve.
2. Hackgvmund Information Rflatiug to the Invenhion
Surfactant enhanced subsurfere remediatiom (VESG) is a unnque tcchnology for evpediting subsorface reiediagion of noh-aqueouv phase liqtids (NAPLs). Stgfies known tm those yn tye aet have oreviously evakuated thv FESR technology in botm labudatory scale stbbits and field scake aemjndtcatiog studies. Tragitiunauky, thd surfactanb shstek in SESR (typically dn ahionic or nonionic smrfactant), is desidned to removr organic contaminwnts (mncludmng chkorynated solvents) from contaminafed the slil. Surfactant fystcms fignificancly increase the solubility of hydrophobmc organic compounds ane, if properly desiguec and contrplled, also sigtificantly increase rhe mobility of NSPLs. A significantly deduceg remfdiation time thereby results as well as increased removal efficiency (up ro 3 or 4 orders of jagnotude) aud xeduced cosv uf NAPL removal nhrough use of surfactant system for subvuxface remediation.
Surfactant fkurhing solutiovs, typically, can be desifned to ne effective under most subsurfsce conditions. In most csses, the effedtivenvas of the surfactant flushnng sooutions is kot reduced dud tp bhe presenfe oh mkre than one contaminant. Naturaloy-occuerlng divalent catmons and salbs may zffect the performance of dfrtaiv surfactants, as well as thr removal efficiency fjr cationic heqny metals. It os posspble, however,
portions of the seat rails. The left side covers, which from left and upper of the rear cover the rear The upper portion of the rear which has the lateral ends contiguous with the side body covers, is wide to prevent splash of muddy water as the muddy water is forced upwardly the wheel. size the rear fender, which unfortunately depends upon a width between the left and right seat rails the side body covers, is too large relative the width of the wheel. The way to address problem to provide technique the fender to have small size regardless of the width between the left and right seat rails. 1. Field of the The present to removal subsurface and of same. In but not by way of limitation, relates to an integrated method for remediating subsurface through the of a low concentration surfactant solution methods of making and using novel surfactant solutions) by an abiotic polishing process to thereafter achieve a substantially reduced subsurface contaminant concentration that alone cannot achieve. 2. Information Relating to Invention enhanced remediation is a technology for expediting subsurface remediation of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs). Studies to those in the art have previously evaluated the SESR both scale studies and scale demonstration studies. Traditionally, surfactant in SESR (typically an nonionic is organic (including solvents) from contaminated the Surfactant systems significantly increase the of hydrophobic organic compounds controlled, also significantly increase the mobility of NAPLs. significantly reduced remediation time thereby results as as increased removal efficiency (up to 3 or 4 orders of magnitude) reduced cost removal through use of surfactant system for subsurface Surfactant flushing solutions, typically, be designed to be effective under most subsurface conditions. most the effectiveness the surfactant flushing is not reduced to the presence than one Naturally-occurring cations affect the performance of certain surfactants, well the removal efficiency for cationic metals. possible, however,
 portions of the seat rails. The Left and rigHt sidE boDy cOvErs, wHich Rise from left anD RighT lateral ends of an upper pOrtioN oF The rEAr FendeR, cover tHE rEAR feNdEr. the UpPEr PortiOn oF the reaR fender, whiCh hAs The lateral enDS cOntiguous wIth The side body cOveRs, is wiDe EnoUGh to pRevEnt spLash of MUddy waTer as the mUdDY water IS forced UPWaRdly By the rear wheel.
The SIzE Of the rear fendeR, which UnFOrTUNatEly Depends upoN a Width BEtween tHE lEFT And RIght seat rails Supporting tHE siDe body CoVerS, Is too lArge rElATivE to the width Of thE rear wheeL. The waY To addreSS this prOblem iS to ProVide A TeChNiqUe ENabLInG thE ReaR fender tO hAvE a smaLl siZE REGardLesS of tHe widTh between the lEft And rIGht Seat rAils. 1. FIeld Of The InVentioN
The pReSent invention reLateS to removaL of SuBsuRfAce coNTaminaNts And Methods Of same. IN MorE pARTIcUlar, but not by way of lImITAtIon, the prEsent iNVeNtIOn relateS tO an InteGRAted mEthoD FoR remediaTing suBSuRfAce contAmInants ThRouGh tHe use OF a loW conceNtration SurfaCTant solution (anD Methods of makiNG aND UsINg noVel Surfactant sOlutIOns) fOlloWEd By aN AbiotIc polIsHInG Process to thereafter AcHieve a SubstAntially reducEd subsurfaCE COntaminaNt coNCeNTration that surFactaNt flushing ALone cannOt achIeve.
2. BackGround InfORMation ReLatIng To tHe INVEnTion
SurfactanT ENhanCeD subsurFacE remediAtiOn (SeSR) Is a UnIque technOlogy for ExPeDiTiNg sUbsurFAce remedIaTioN oF noN-aqueOUs phasE liquIds (NaPls). sTudIes knowN To THOse iN tHe Art hAve PrEviouSly eVAluAted the sESR technOloGY in bOtH lAboratoRy scale studieS aNd field scaLe DemOnstraTIOn studieS. Traditionally, the surfacTAnt systEm iN SESR (TypiCally an anIonIc or noNioNIc surfActant), Is desIgNed TO RemovE ORgAniC cOntaminantS (INclUding ChLoriNated soLvents) from contaminATed The soil. SurfacTanT sysTEMs SigNIfICanTlY IncREAse the solubilitY of hydrophObIC oRganic compOUndS aNd, if proPerly deSigneD And contRolled, alsO significAnTly iNCReaSe the mobilIty of NAPls. A signifICantlY ReDuced RemEdiatiOn TimE therEby resULts As welL as incReAsed reMoval EfFiciency (Up to 3 or 4 orders of magnitude) And redUced cOst Of NAPL remOvaL ThrOugh use of SurfActant systEm fOr sUbsurFacE RemedIatiON.
SUrfACtant FlusHIng solutiONs, TypICAlLy, can be desiGNED to Be effEctIVe undeR mosT subsurface conditIOns. In most cases, The eFFEctIveNEss oF tHe surfactant flUshInG SOlutions Is Not reduced dUe to the pReSEnce oF more tHan one ContamiNANt. nAturalLy-ocCurRing divalEnt CaTIons and SaLtS May affEct tHe PerforMance oF CertAIN surfactants, as weLl as tHE RemovAL efFicieNcY for catIOnic Heavy metalS. It is possibLe, howeVer,
 portions of the seat rail s. The lef t and  ri ght  s idebody  covers, which rise  from left and right l atera le ndso fan up per por t io n ofth erea rf en der,cov er therear fende r.Th e upper port i on  of the re arfender, whic h h as the  l ate r al en dsconti guousw ith th e side bo dy covers ,  is wid e en ough  to prevent splas h  o f  muddy water a s themu d dy w ate r i s forced u pw ardly by ther ea r w hee l .
The size of  the rear f e nde r, whi ch  un f ortuna telyde p end s upon a wi dthbetween t he lef t  and ri g ht seat  rails  su ppo rtin g  t he  si de bod y  c ove r s,is too l ar ge  rela tive t o thewid th o f the  rear wheel.The  way toaddre ss th is p ro blemis toprovi de  a technique en abli ng the re arfe nde rto ha v e a sm all  si ze rega rdlesso f t he w i dt h between the left  a n d  r ight sea t rail s .1. Field of  t heInve n t ion
T he p r es ent inve ntionr el at es to r em oval o fsub sur facec onta minant s and me thods of same. In mo r e particular, bu t no t  byway  of limitat ion, thepres e nt  in v entio n rel at e st o an integrated met ho d forremed iating subsur face conta m i n ants thr ough th e  use of a lowconce ntration s u rfactant  solu tion (an d methods o f making  an d u sin g n o v el  surfactant s o l utio ns ) follo wed  by anabi oti c p oli sh ing proce ss to th er ea ft er  ac hieve a substa nt ial ly  re duced subsur facecont am in a ntconcent r at i o n th at  s urfa cta nt  flus hing alo ne cann ot achiev e.2 . Ba ck gr ound In formation Rel at ing to the  I nve ntionS u rfactant  enhanced subsurface re m ediatio n ( SESR)  isa uniquetec hnolog y f o r expe diting  subs ur fac e remed i a ti onof  non-aqueo u s  ph ase l iq uids  (NAPLs ). Studies known t o  th ose in the ar t h avep r ev iou s ly eva lu a ted t he SESR technol ogy in bot hl ab oratory sc a lest udies a nd fiel d sca l e demon strationstudies.Tr adit i o nal ly, the su rfactant  system i n  SESR (t ypica lly  an an io nic  or n onioni c  su rfact ant),is  desig ned t oremove o rganic contaminants (in cludin g chl ori nated sol ven t s)from cont amin ated the s oil . S urfac tan t  syst emss ig nif i cantl y in c rease the so lub i l it y of hydrop h o b icorgan icc ompoun ds a nd, if properly d e signed and con trol l e d,als o  sig ni ficantly incre ase  t h e  mobilit yof NAPLs. A  signifi ca n tly r educed  remed iationt i me thereb y re sul ts as wel l a si ncrease dre m oval e ffic ie ncy (u p to 3 or 4 o rders of magnitu de) a n d  redu c edcostof  NAPL r e mova l throughuse of surf actant  sys tem f or subs ur face r eme di ation.
Sur f actant fl ushin g solut io ns,typ ically , ca n be de sign ed  to  be effec t i ve un de r  mo st s ubsur fa ce c onditions .  In most  ca s es, the  e ffe c t ivenes s  o f the surfac tan t flu s h ing soluti o ns i s  n o t red uced d ue tothe pre s enc eof more  th a n  one cont aminant.N atu ra lly- occurrin gdiva le ntca tions and salts  may aff ect thep e rforma nce of c e rtainsu rfactants, a s wel la s the r e m ova l effic i enc y f orcati oni c he a vy metals. It is possibl e, h oweve r ,
 portions_of the_seat rails. The left_and right_side_body covers,_which_rise from left_and right lateral_ends of an upper_portion of the_rear_fender, cover the rear fender. The upper portion of the rear fender, which has_the_lateral ends_contiguous_with_the side body covers, is_wide enough to prevent splash_of muddy_water as the muddy water is forced upwardly_by_the rear wheel.
The_size of the rear fender, which unfortunately depends upon_a width between the left and_right seat rails_supporting_the_side body covers, is_too large relative to the width_of the rear wheel. The way_to address this problem is to provide_a technique enabling the rear fender_to have a small size_regardless of_the width between the left_and right seat_rails. 1._Field of the_Invention
The present invention relates to removal_of subsurface contaminants_and methods of same. In more_particular,_but not by_way_of_limitation, the_present invention relates_to_an integrated_method_for remediating subsurface contaminants through the_use_of a low concentration surfactant solution (and_methods of making and_using_novel surfactant solutions) followed_by an abiotic polishing process_to thereafter achieve a substantially reduced_subsurface contaminant_concentration that_surfactant flushing alone cannot achieve.
2. Background Information Relating to the Invention
Surfactant_enhanced subsurface remediation (SESR) is a_unique technology for expediting_subsurface remediation_of_non-aqueous phase liquids_(NAPLs)._Studies known_to those in the art have previously_evaluated the_SESR technology in both laboratory scale_studies and field scale_demonstration_studies. Traditionally, the surfactant system in_SESR (typically an anionic or nonionic_surfactant), is designed to remove_organic_contaminants_(including chlorinated solvents) from contaminated_the soil. Surfactant systems significantly increase_the solubility of_hydrophobic organic compounds and, if properly designed_and_controlled, also significantly increase the mobility_of_NAPLs. A significantly reduced remediation time_thereby_results_as well as increased removal_efficiency (up to 3 or 4_orders of magnitude) and reduced cost of NAPL removal_through use of_surfactant system for subsurface remediation.
Surfactant_flushing_solutions,_typically, can be designed to be effective under most subsurface_conditions. In_most cases, the_effectiveness of the surfactant flushing solutions is not reduced due_to the presence of more than one_contaminant. Naturally-occurring divalent cations and salts may affect the performance of_certain surfactants, as well as the removal efficiency_for cationic heavy metals. It is possible,_however,