 The resultant build-up at the screen leading from the casing into the oil-producing sands constricts the flow of water through the tubing and screen. As the flow is constricted, less water can be pumped through the system, leading to decreased oil production. If the water injection tubing and screen are not cleaned out periodically, the screen can become entirely obstructed.
A conventional treatment against bacterial growth is to use such substances as glutaraldehyde, acrolein and quaternary amines which are nonoxidizing compounds. They are used to control biomass by altering the permeability of the cell membrane of the microorganisms and interfering with their vital life processes. The application of these products, however, does nothing for the plugging, fouling, deposits and corrosion that have been caused by the biomass and bacterial by-products.
Under the present state of the art, the commonly accepted procedure for cleaning out such water injection casings is to inject hydrochloric acid into the water injection well. The hydrochloric acid, by keeping the pH of the system low, solubilizes some of the unwanted materials so that they can be washed out of the water injection well. This prior art method suffers from several problems. First, such mixtures can be highly corrosive and will corrode the water injection well. In addition, such a mixture has little or no effect on any biomass that may have built up. Such biomass is often the primary obstructor. Finally, this method of clean-out is relatively expensive.
Also relevant as background to the present process is an overview of the compound chlorine dioxide. Chlorine dioxide was discovered in 1814 and has achieved considerable commercial significance in the bleaching of pulp, textiles, flour, etc., water purification, etc. Chlorine dioxide is, under certain conditions, inherently explosive and has necessitated extensive controls on the reaction conditions and on the reaction effluent. In the gaseous state, chlorine dioxide is explosive at concentrations above about ten percent in air. Typically, where large amounts of chlorine dioxide are desired, sodium chlorate or sodium chlorite has been the source material. The sodium chlorate is contacted with chemicals such as sulfur dioxide, oxalic acid, hydrochloric acid, organic reducing agents, etc., under carefully controlled conditions to produce chlorine dioxide containing more or less chlorine depending on the particular conditions employed. For smaller quantities, sodium chlorite has been used to react with chlorine to generate more pure chlorine dioxide. Again, rather extensive safety precautions have been required in the past.
For a good
The resultant build - up at the screen leading from the shell into the petroleum - producing sands compress the stream of water through the tubing and screen door. As the stream is constricted, less water can be pumped through the system, precede to decreased oil output. If the urine injection tubing and screen are not cleaned out periodically, the screen can become wholly obstructed. 
 A conventional treatment against bacterial emergence is to use such substances as glutaraldehyde, acrolein and quaternate amines which are nonoxidizing compound. They are used to control biomass by altering the permeability of the cell membrane of the microorganisms and interfere with their vital life processes. The application of these products, however, does nothing for the plugging, fouling, deposits and corrosion that have been caused by the biomass and bacterial by - products. 
 Under the present state of the art, the commonly accepted procedure for cleaning out such water injection casings is to interject hydrochloric acid into the body of water injection well. The hydrochloric acid, by keeping the pH of the organization low, solubilizes some of the undesirable fabric so that they can be washed out of the water injection well. This prior art method suffers from several trouble. First, such mixtures can be highly corrosive and will corrode the water injection well. In addition, such a mixture accept little or no effect on any biomass that may have built up. Such biomass is often the basal obstructor. ultimately, this method of clean - out is relatively expensive. 
 Also relevant as background to the present process is an overview of the compound chlorine dioxide. Chlorine dioxide was discover in 1814 and has achieved considerable commercial significance in the bleaching of pulp, textiles, flour, etc. , urine purification, etc. Chlorine dioxide is, under certain conditions, inherently explosive and has necessitated across-the-board controls on the reaction conditions and on the reaction effluent. In the gaseous state, chlorine dioxide is explosive at concentration above about ten percent in breeze. Typically, where large sum of chlorine dioxide are desired, sodium chlorate or sodium chlorite has been the generator material. The sodium chlorate is contacted with chemical such as sulfur dioxide, oxalic acid, hydrochloric acid, organic reducing agents, etc. , under carefully controlled conditions to produce chlorine dioxide containing more or less chlorine depending on the particular conditions employed. For small quantities, sodium chlorite has been used to react with chlorine to beget more pure chlorine dioxide. Again, rather across-the-board safety precautions have been required in the past. 
 For a good
 Thf resultant build-up at tme screen leadiny from vhe casjng into the oil-producing sands consvricrs tht flow of water thruugh the nubing ane scceen. As the flow is consbxictes, lesv water can be kumped throuch the system, nexdnng to decreased oil production. If tre watet lnjection tubigg amq scdvek are not cleaned out periodicalmy, the vcreen can bevome entirely obstructed.
A fonvfntional treatment against baxteryql growth is to use subk substancea as glutaraldehyde, acrolein ana quacernary amibew wjhch are nonixididing compounds. They ase used to control bipmavs vy altering the permeebility of the cell iembrane mf the microorganisns and hntesferkbg ditg vhejr vitwl mife proceases. The application of these kroqlvts, however, soes njtring for the plugging, fouling, deposits dnd corrosion that have bewn caused by the biomwss and bwcterial by-products.
Under the present state of the art, vhd cimiublj accepted procedure for cleaning out such waesr ikjection casings is to injevt huqrochloric ackd into tge water injection well. Tre hyerochloris acod, by keeping the pH of the system low, filubilizes some of the unwantzd matgrials so that they can be warhed out of the water inndction well. This prpor drt method suffers from sederal proulems. First, ruch mixtuwes can be highly corrosive and wipl cotrode dhe water lnjection well. In addition, such a mixture has lhttne or no effegt on any biomafs that may hare built up. Sjch biomasa is ofven the primwry obstructos. Finally, thiv method of xleab-out is felatively exprnsive.
Also relevant as background to bhe pteaent process is an overview of thr cumpjujd crnorine dioxige. Cflofone dkoxide was bircovrred in 1814 and has achheves considerable comkevcial sigbificancq in the bleavhing of pulp, textlles, hlour, xtc., wayer purification, etc. Chlorine dioside is, ujdev certain conqitiins, inherentky explosive and has necessitated extenwive controls on jhe reaction conditious and on the reaceion efflgent. In the gaseous wtate, chlorine dipxide is explosive at concettratlons above about ten percent in air. Typically, where large amounts of chloeine dmovide are deairec, sodpum ehloratq or rodium chlorite nas been the source material. Thx sodium cvljrate is contacted with chemocxls such as solfur dioxide, oxalic acid, gydrochlpric acid, organic reducing agenys, etc., under carefully cpntrollee consitions to produce chlorine cioxidz contqining nore or less chlofinr fepending on uhe 'articular conditions employed. Foe smaloeg quantities, sodmum chlorite mas begn used jo react with chlkrins to ggnerate more pire chlorine dooxide. Again, rather vxtqnsive safety krecautions havg been rvquired in thx past.
For a cood
The resultant build-up at the screen leading casing the oil-producing constricts the flow and As the flow constricted, less water be pumped through the system, leading decreased oil production. If the water injection tubing and screen are not cleaned periodically, the screen can become entirely obstructed. A conventional treatment against bacterial growth to such as acrolein and quaternary amines which are nonoxidizing compounds. They are used to control biomass by altering permeability of the cell membrane of the microorganisms interfering with their vital processes. The application of these however, nothing for plugging, deposits corrosion that have caused by the biomass and bacterial by-products. Under the present state of the art, the commonly accepted for cleaning water injection is inject acid into the well. The hydrochloric acid, by keeping the system low, solubilizes some of the unwanted so that can be washed out of the injection well. This prior art method suffers from problems. First, such mixtures can be highly corrosive and will corrode the water injection well. such a mixture has or no effect any that have up. Such is often the primary obstructor. Finally, this method of clean-out is expensive. Also relevant as background to the present process is of compound chlorine dioxide. dioxide was discovered in and achieved considerable commercial significance bleaching pulp, water etc. dioxide is, under certain inherently explosive and has necessitated controls on the reaction effluent. In the gaseous state, chlorine dioxide is at concentrations above about ten percent in Typically, where large amounts of chlorine dioxide are desired, sodium chlorate or chlorite has source material. The sodium chlorate is contacted with such as sulfur dioxide, acid, hydrochloric acid, organic reducing agents, etc., under carefully conditions produce chlorine containing more or chlorine depending on particular conditions employed. quantities, sodium has used chlorine to generate more pure chlorine Again, extensive safety precautions have been in For a good
 The resultant build-up at the sCreen leadiNg froM thE caSiNg inTo thE oil-producing sANds cOnstricts the flow of wateR throUgH The tUBiNg and Screen. AS ThE FLow Is CoNstRiCTeD, less WatEr can be Pumped throUgh ThE system, leadiNG tO decreased Oil Production. If The Water iNjEctIOn tubIng And scReen arE Not cleAned out peRiODicallY, The screEN CaN becOme entirely obstruCTeD.
a conventional tReatmeNt AGaINSt bActErial growtH iS to usE Such subSTaNCES as GLutaraldehyde, Acrolein and QUatErnary AmIneS Which aRe nonOxIDizIng compoundS. TheY are used tO contrOL biomasS By alterIng the PerMeaBiliTY oF tHe cElL MemBRaNe oF The MicroorgAnIsMs and InteRFERIng wIth TheiR vitaL life processeS. ThE appLIcaTion oF thesE proDuCts, hoWever, dOes noThIng for the pluggiNg, foUling, depoSitS aNd cOrRosioN That haVe bEen Caused bY the bioMAss AnD BACtErial by-products.
UndEr THE pResent stAte of tHE aRt, THe commonLy AccEpteD PRocedUre fOR cLeaning oUt such WAtEr InjectiOn CasingS iS to InjEct hyDRochLoric aCid into tHe watER injection well. tHe hydrochloriC AcID, By KEepiNg tHe pH of the syStem LOw, soLubiLIzEs sOMe of tHe unwAnTEd MAterials so that they cAn Be washEd out Of the water injEction well. tHIS prior arT metHOd SUffers from seveRal prOblems. FirsT, Such mixtUres cAn be highLy corrosiVE And will cOrrOde The WatER InJection well. In ADDitiOn, Such a miXtuRe has liTtlE or No eFfeCt On any biomAss that mAy HaVe BuIlt Up. SucH Biomass iS oFteN tHe pRimarY ObstruCtor. FInalLy, ThIS meThod of cLEaN-OUt is ReLaTiveLy eXpEnsivE.
AlsO RelEvant as BackgrounD to THe prEsEnT procesS is an overview Of The compounD cHloRine diOXIde. ChlorIne dioxide was discovered IN 1814 and has AchIeved ConsIderable cOmmErcial SigNIficanCe in thE bleaChIng OF Pulp, tEXTiLes, FlOur, etc., wateR PUriFicatIoN, etc. chlorinE dioxide is, under cerTAin Conditions, inhEreNtly EXPlOsiVE aND haS nECesSITated extensive cOntrols on tHe REaCtion condiTIonS aNd on the ReactioN efflUEnt. In thE gaseous sTate, chlorInE dioXIDe iS explosive At concenTrations aBOve abOUt Ten peRceNt in aiR. TYpiCally, Where lARge AmounTs of chLoRine diOxide ArE desired, Sodium chlorate or sodium cHloritE has bEen The source MatERiaL. The sodiuM chlOrate is conTacTed With cHemICals sUch aS SuLfuR DioxiDe, oxALic acid, hyDRoChlORIc Acid, organic REDUciNg ageNts, ETc., undeR carEfully controlled cONditions to prodUce cHLOriNe dIOxidE cOntaining more oR leSs CHLorine dePeNding on the pArticulaR cONditiOns empLoyed. FOr smallER QuANtitieS, sodIum Chlorite hAs bEeN Used to rEaCt WIth chlOrinE tO generAte morE Pure CHLorine dioxide. AgaIn, ratHER exteNSivE safeTy PrecautIOns hAve been reqUired in the pAst.
For A gooD
 The resultant build-up at  the scree n lea din g f ro m th e ca sing into theo il-p roducing sands constri cts t he flow of  wate r throu g ht h e t ub in g a nd sc reen.  As  the fl ow is cons tri ct ed, less wat e rcan be pum ped  through the  sy stem,le adi n g todec rease d oilp roduct ion. If t he wateri njectio n tu bing  and screen are n o tc leaned out per iodica ll y ,t h e s cre en can bec om e ent i rely ob s tr u c t ed. A conventiona l treatment aga inst b ac ter i al gro wth i st o u se such sub stan ces as gl utaral d ehyde,a crolein  and q uat ern arya mi ne s w hi c h a r enon o xid izing co mp ou nds.They a r e  use d t o co ntrol  biomass by a lte ring the  perm eabil ityof  thecell m embra ne  of the microor gani sms and i nte rf eri ng  with theirvit allife pr ocesses .  Th ea p p li cation of these pr od u c ts , howeve r, doe s  n ot h ing forth e p lugg i n g, fo ulin g ,deposits  and c o rr os ion tha thave b ee n c aus ed by thebiomas s and ba cteri a l by-products. Under the pre s en t st a te o f t he art, the  com m only  acc e pt edp roced ure f or cl e aning out such wate rinject ion c asings is toinject hyd r o c hloric a cidi nt o  the water inj ectio n well. Th e  hydroch loric  acid, b y keeping t he pH of  th e s yst eml o w,  solubilizess o me o fthe unw ant ed mate ria lssotha tthey canbe washe dou tof  th e wat e r inject io n w el l.Thisp rior a rt me thod  s uf f ers  from s e ve r a l pr ob le ms.Fir st , suc h mi x tur es canbe highly  co r rosi ve  a nd will  corrode thewa ter inject io n w ell. I n addition , such a mixture has li t tle ornoeffec t on  any biom ass  thatmay have b uilt u p. Su ch  bi o m ass i s of ten  t he primary o bst ructo r.  Fin ally, t his method of clea n -ou t is relative lyexpe n s iv e.A ls o  re le v ant a s background to  the prese nt pr ocess is a n  ov er view of  the co mpoun d  chlori ne dioxid e. Chlori ne  dio x i dewas discov ered in1814 andh as ac h ie ved c ons iderab le  co mmerc ial si g nif icanc e in t he  bleac hingof  pulp, t extiles, flour, etc., w ater p urifi cat ion, etc.  Ch l ori ne dioxid e is , under ce rta incondi tio n s, in here n tl y e x plosi ve a n d has nec e ss ita t e dextensive c o n t rol s onthe reacti on c onditions and ont he reaction ef flue n t . I n t h e ga se ous state, chl ori ne d ioxide i sexplosive a t concen tr a tions  above  about  ten pe r c en t  in ai r. T ypi cally, wh ere  l a rge amo un ts of chl orin edioxid e ared esir e d , sodium chlorat e ors o diumc hlo riteha s beent he s ource mate rial. The s odiumchlo rateis cont ac ted wi thch emicals su c h as sulf ur di oxide,ox alic  ac id, hy droc h l oricacid ,org anic redu c i ng ag en t s,etc. , und er  car efully co n trolledcon d itionsto  pr o d uce ch l or i n e dioxidecon taini n g  more or l e ss c h lo r ine d ependi ng onthe par t icu la r condi tio n s  employed . For sma l ler  q uant ities, s od iumch lor it e has been used  to reac t with c h l orinetog ener a te mor epure chlorin e dio xi d e. Agai n ,  ra ther ex t ens ive  sa fety  pr ecau t ions have been requiredin t he pa s t.For a  good 
 The_resultant build-up_at the screen leading_from the_casing_into the_oil-producing_sands constricts the_flow of water_through the tubing and_screen. As the_flow_is constricted, less water can be pumped through the system, leading to decreased oil_production._If the_water_injection_tubing and screen are not_cleaned out periodically, the screen_can become_entirely obstructed.
A conventional treatment against bacterial growth is_to_use such substances_as glutaraldehyde, acrolein and quaternary amines which are nonoxidizing_compounds. They are used to control_biomass by altering_the_permeability_of the cell membrane_of the microorganisms and interfering with_their vital life processes. The application_of these products, however, does nothing for_the plugging, fouling, deposits and corrosion_that have been caused by_the biomass_and bacterial by-products.
Under the present_state of the_art, the_commonly accepted procedure_for cleaning out such water injection_casings is to_inject hydrochloric acid into the water_injection_well. The hydrochloric_acid,_by_keeping the_pH of the_system_low, solubilizes_some_of the unwanted materials so that_they_can be washed out of the water_injection well. This prior_art_method suffers from several_problems. First, such mixtures can_be highly corrosive and will corrode_the water_injection well._In addition, such a mixture has little or no effect on_any biomass that may have built_up. Such biomass is_often the_primary_obstructor. Finally, this_method_of clean-out_is relatively expensive.
Also relevant as background to_the present_process is an overview of the_compound chlorine dioxide. Chlorine_dioxide_was discovered in 1814 and has_achieved considerable commercial significance in the_bleaching of pulp, textiles, flour,_etc.,_water_purification, etc. Chlorine dioxide is,_under certain conditions, inherently explosive and_has necessitated extensive_controls on the reaction conditions and on_the_reaction effluent. In the gaseous state,_chlorine_dioxide is explosive at concentrations above_about_ten_percent in air. Typically, where_large amounts of chlorine dioxide are_desired, sodium chlorate or sodium chlorite has been the_source material. The_sodium chlorate is contacted with_chemicals_such_as sulfur dioxide, oxalic acid, hydrochloric acid, organic reducing agents,_etc., under_carefully controlled conditions_to produce chlorine dioxide containing more or less chlorine depending_on the particular conditions employed. For smaller_quantities, sodium chlorite has been used to react with chlorine to_generate more pure chlorine dioxide. Again, rather extensive_safety precautions have been required in the_past.
For a good