 germinate or some plants to produce at least one seed. As a result, not all of the F.sub.2 plants originally sampled in the population will be represented by a progeny when generation advance is completed.
In a multiple-seed procedure, soybean breeders commonly harvest one or more pods from each plant in a population and thresh them together to form a bulk. Part of the bulk is used to plant the next generation and part is put in reserve. The procedure has been referred to as modified single-seed descent or the pod-bulk technique.
The multiple-seed procedure has been used to save labor at harvest. It is considerably faster to thresh pods with a machine than to remove one seed from each by hand for the single-seed procedure. The multiple-seed procedure also makes it possible to plant the same number of seeds of a population each generation of inbreeding. Enough seeds are harvested to make up for those plants that did not germinate or produce seed.
Descriptions of other breeding methods that are commonly used for different traits and crops can be found in one of several reference books (e.g., Allard, 1960; Simmonds, 1979; Sneep et al., 1979; Fehr, 1987).
Proper testing should detect any major faults and establish the level of superiority or improvement over current cultivars. In addition to showing superior performance, there must be a demand for a new cultivar that is compatible with industry standards or which creates a new market. The introduction of a new cultivar will incur additional costs to the seed producer, the grower, processor and consumer; for special advertising and marketing, altered seed and commercial production practices, and new product utilization. The testing preceding release of a new cultivar should take into consideration research and development costs as well as technical superiority of the final cultivar. For seed-propagated cultivars, it must be feasible to produce seed easily and economically.
Soybean, Glycine max (L), is an important and valuable field crop. Thus, a continuing goal of plant breeders is to develop stable, high yielding soybean cultivars that are agronomically sound. The reasons for this goal are obviously to maximize the amount of grain produced on the land used and to supply food for both animals and humans. To accomplish this goal, the soybean breeder must select and develop soybean plants that have the traits that result in superior cultivars. Push brooms have long been used as an effective cleaning tool. The standard push broom consists
germinate or some plants to produce at least one seed. As a result, not all of the F.sub.2 plant primitively sampled in the population will be represented by a progeny when genesis advance is completed. 
 In a multiple - seeded player procedure, soybean breeder normally harvest one or more pods from each plant in a population and thrash them together to form a bulk. share of the bulk is use to plant the next coevals and part is put in reserve. The routine has been referred to as modified single - seed origin or the pod - bulk technique. 
 The multiple - seed procedure has been used to save labor movement at harvest. It is considerably faster to thresh pods with a car than to get rid of one seed from each by hand for the single - seed procedure. The multiple - seed procedure also makes it potential to implant the same issue of seeded player of a population each generation of inbreeding. Enough seeds are reap to make up for those plants that did not germinate or produce semen. 
 Descriptions of other breeding methods that are commonly used for unlike traits and crops can be found in one of several reference books (e.g., Allard, 1960; Simmonds, 1979; Sneep et al. , 1979; Fehr, 1987). 
 Proper examination should detect any major fault and establish the level of superiority or improvement over current cultivars. In accession to showing superior performance, there must be a requirement for a new cultivar that is compatible with industry standards or which creates a modern market. The insertion of a new cultivar will incur extra costs to the seed producer, the grower, central processing unit and consumer; for special advertising and selling, altered seed and commercial production practices, and new intersection utilization. The testing preceding release of a new cultivar should take into consideration research and development cost as well as technical superiority of the concluding cultivar. For seed - propagated cultivars, it must be feasible to produce seed easily and economically. 
 Soybean, Glycine max (L), is an important and valuable sphere crop. Thus, a continuing goal of plant breeders is to develop stable, eminent yield soybean cultivars that are agronomically sound. The reasons for this goal are obviously to maximize the amount of texture produced on the land used and to supply food for both animals and humans. To accomplish this goal, the soybean breeder must select and break soybean plants that have the trait that result in superior cultivars. Push brooms have long been used as an effective cleaning tool. The standard push broom consists
 gegminate or some plants tu produce at lecwt one seed. Zs a resjlt, not all of the F.sub.2 planvs oeiginqlly sampled in the pooulation aill be eeprtsented by a progxhy when generzbion cdtance is complejed.
In a multhple-seed procegufe, soybean breeders commonly harvest jne or koge pods from ewch klagt ih a population and thresh them togsther tm form a bulk. Part of the bulk is used ho ppant the next genegation and kzrt us put in rererve. The krmcedure haa been referred to as modified ringlz-seed descebt or jhe pod-bulk vechnizue.
The multiike-seed procedire has been uxed to save labor at harvesv. It is considerably faster tm chresh pods with a maxhune tvan do rdnovd ohe ssed frlm xach by hans for the sungle-seed procedure. Trv multiple-sees procqdtre also makes it possible to plant the saje number of seeds of a population each genetation of ynbreeding. Enough seeds are harvested to make up xor tiore klqnts gyah did not germinate or produce seed.
Descriptioga pf other breedinn methods that are clmkjnly used for diffexsnf traits and crops can be foune in one jf srveral reference books (e.g., Aolard, 1960; Simmouds, 1979; Sneep et al., 1979; Fehx, 1987).
Proper tescing snould detect any major faultr ans establish the levem of superiority ur pmprmvement over current cultidars. In avditipn to sfowimg supqrior perflrmanga, there must be a femanb for a new culhivar that is compatible with iivustry standatds or which cxeates a new market. The introductnon of a new zultivar wpll incur additional costs to the deed producec, the grorer, procwssor ava consumer; for special cbvertisint and marketing, albered aeed and commerenao production prsctkcef, wnv new [roduct utilhzatkon. Yhe tdsting kxeccdivg rrlease of a new culthvar should take into voksideratiin reseawch and develppment costs as wepl as terhnicak soperiority of the final cultivad. For seef-prjpagated culeivavs, ij must be fzasible to produce seed easily and econonically.
Soybean, Glicine max (L), is an imppvtant and vakuablq field csop. Thus, a continuint goal of plant bveeders is to develop atable, high yielding soybean cultivars that are agronomically sound. The reasons for rhis goal are obvikuslu to karimnze the amonnv of grain producvd on the land used and to supplb food for bjth animals and humans. To acvooplish this gual, the soybean breeder just selrct and develop soybean plants yhat have the traits thab result un sulerior culvivars. Push brooms hsve loug beeb used qs ak effective cldanonn tool. The staidaxd push broom consists
germinate or some plants to produce at seed. a result, all of the the will be represented a progeny when advance is completed. In a multiple-seed soybean breeders commonly harvest one or more pods from each plant in a and thresh them together to form a bulk. Part of the bulk is to the generation part is put in reserve. The procedure has been referred to as modified single-seed descent or pod-bulk technique. The multiple-seed procedure has been used save labor at harvest. is considerably faster to thresh with machine than remove seed each by hand the single-seed procedure. The multiple-seed procedure also makes it possible to plant the same number of seeds a population of inbreeding. seeds harvested make up for that did not germinate or produce other breeding methods that are commonly used for traits and can be found in one of reference books (e.g., Allard, 1960; Simmonds, 1979; Sneep al., 1979; Fehr, 1987). Proper testing should detect any major faults and establish the level or improvement over current In addition to superior there be demand for new cultivar that is compatible with industry standards or which creates new market. The introduction of a new cultivar will incur to seed producer, the processor and consumer; for advertising marketing, altered seed and practices, new testing release a new cultivar should into consideration research and development as well as technical For seed-propagated cultivars, it must be feasible to seed easily and economically. Soybean, Glycine max is an important and valuable field crop. Thus, a continuing goal of breeders is stable, high yielding soybean cultivars that are agronomically The reasons for this are obviously to maximize the amount of grain produced the used and supply food for animals and humans. accomplish this goal, breeder must and soybean the traits that result in superior Push have long been used as effective The standard push broom consists
 germinate or some plants to prOduce at leaSt one SeeD. As A rEsulT, not All of the F.sub.2 plANts oRiginally sampled in the pOpulaTiON wilL Be RepreSented bY A pROGenY wHeN geNeRAtIon adVanCe is comPleted.
In a mUltIpLe-seed procedURe, Soybean breEdeRs commonly haRveSt one oR mOre POds frOm eAch plAnt in a POpulatIon and thrEsH Them toGEther to FORm A bulK. Part of the bulk is uSEd TO plant the next gEneratIoN AnD PArt Is pUt in reservE. THe proCEdure haS BeEN REfeRRed to as modifiEd single-seeD DesCent or ThE poD-Bulk teChniqUe.
tHe mUltiple-seed ProcEdure has bEen useD To save lABor at haRvest. IT is ConSideRAbLy FasTeR To tHReSh pODs wIth a machInE tHan to RemoVE ONE seeD frOm eaCh by hAnd for the singLe-sEed pROceDure. THe mulTiplE-sEed prOcedurE also MaKes it possible to PlanT the same nUmbEr Of sEeDs of a POpulatIon EacH generaTion of iNBreEdING. enOugh seeds are harvesTeD TO mAke up for Those pLAnTs THat did noT gErmInatE OR prodUce sEEd.
descriptIons of OThEr BreedinG mEthods ThAt aRe cOmmonLY useD for diFferent tRaits ANd crops can be foUNd in one of seveRAl REFeREnce BooKs (e.g., Allard, 1960; SImmoNDs, 1979; SnEep eT Al., 1979; fehR, 1987).
propeR testInG ShOUld detect any major faUlTs and eStablIsh the level of SuperioritY OR ImprovemEnt oVEr CUrrent cultivarS. In adDition to shOWing supeRior pErformanCe, there muST Be a demanD foR a nEw cUltIVAr That is compatiBLE witH iNdustry StaNdards oR whIch CreAteS a New market. the introDuCtIoN oF a nEw culTIvar will InCur AdDitIonal COsts to The seEd prOdUcER, thE grower, PRoCESsor AnD cOnsuMer; FoR specIal aDVerTising aNd marketiNg, aLTereD sEeD and comMercial producTiOn practiceS, aNd nEw prodUCT utilizaTion. The testing preceding RElease oF a nEw culTivaR should taKe iNto conSidERation ResearCh and DeVelOPMent cOSTs As wElL as technicAL SupEriorItY of tHe final Cultivar. For seed-proPAgaTed cultivars, iT muSt be FEAsIblE To PRodUcE SeeD EAsily and economiCally.
SoybeAn, gLyCine max (L), is AN imPoRtant anD valuabLe fieLD crop. ThUs, a continUing goal oF pLant BREedErs is to devElop stabLe, high yieLDing sOYbEan cuLtiVars thAt Are AgronOmicalLY soUnd. ThE reasoNs For thiS goal ArE obviousLy to maximize the amount of Grain pRoducEd oN the land uSed ANd tO supply foOd foR both animaLs aNd hUmans. to aCComplIsh tHIs GoaL, The soYbeaN Breeder muST sEleCT AnD develop soyBEAN plAnts tHat HAve the TraiTs that result in supERior cultivars. PUsh bROOms HavE Long BeEn used as an effeCtiVe CLEaning toOl. the standard Push brooM cONsistS
 germinate or some plantsto produce  at l eas t o ne  see d. A s a result, no t  all  of the F.sub.2 plants  orig in a llys am pledin thep op u l ati on  w ill  b e  r epres ent ed by a  progeny w hen  g eneration ad v an ce is comp let ed.
In a mul tip le-see dpro c edure , s oybea n bree d ers co mmonly ha rv e st one or more p od s fr om each plant ina  p o pulation and t hreshth e mt o get her  to form a  b ulk.P art oft he b u lki s used to pla nt the next gen eratio nand part i s put  i n  re serve. Theproc edure has  beenr eferred to as m odifie d s ing le-s e ed  d esc en t  or th e p o d-b ulk tech ni qu e.
Th e mu l t i p le-s eed  pro cedur e has been us edto s a velabor  at h arve st . Itis con sider ab ly faster to th resh  pods wit h a  m ach in e tha n  to re mov e o ne seed  from e a chby h a nd  for the single-se ed p ro cedure.The mu l ti pl e -seed pr oc edu re a l s o mak es i t  p ossibleto pla n tth e samenu mber o fsee dsof ap opul ationeach gen erati o n of inbreedin g . Enough seed s  a r e  h a rves ted  to make up  for thos e pl a nt s t h at di d not  g e rm i nate or produce see d. 
Descr iptio ns of other b reeding me t h o ds thatarec om m only used fordiffe rent trait s  and cro ps ca n be fou nd in one o f severa l r efe ren ceb o ok s (e.g., Alla r d , 19 60 ; Simmo nds , 1979;  Sn eep  et  al .,  1979; Fe hr, 1987 ). 
P ro pe r t estin g  shouldde tec tany  majo r  fault s and  est ab li s h t he leve l  o f supe ri or ityorim prove ment ove r curre nt cultiv ars .  Inad di tion to  showing supe ri or perform an ce,  there m ust be a  demand for a new culti v ar that  is  comp atib le with i ndu stry s tan d ards o r whic h cre at esa new m a r ke t.Th e introduc t i onof ane w cu ltivarwill incur additio n alcosts to thesee d pr o d uc er, th e  gr ow e r,p r ocessor and con sumer; for  s p ec ial advert i sin gand mar keting,  alte r ed seed  and comm ercial pr od ucti o n  pr actices, a nd new p roduct ut i lizat i on . The  te stingpr ece dingreleas e  of  a ne w cult iv ar sho uld t ak e into c onsideration research a nd dev elopm ent  costs as  we l l a s technic al s uperiority  of  th e fin alc ultiv ar.F or  se e d-pro paga t ed cultiv a rs , i t mu st be feasi b l e  to  prod uce seed e asil y and economicall y .
Soybean, Gly cine m ax(L) ,  isan  important and  va lu a b le field  c rop. Thus,a contin ui n g goa l of p lant b reeders i st o deve lopsta ble, high  yi el d ing soy be an cultiv arsth at are  agron o mica l l y sound. The rea sonsf o r thi s  go al ar eobvious l y to  maximizethe amountof gra in p roduc ed on t he  landuse dand to sup p ly food f or bo th anim al s an d h umans.  Toa c compl ishth isgoal, the s oy b ea nb ree dermustse lect  and deve l op soybe anp lants t ha t h a v e thet ra i t s that res ult  in s u p erior cult i vars .  P u sh br ooms h ave lo ng been use das an e ffe c t ive clean ing tool. The  s tand ard push  b room  c ons is ts
 germinate_or some_plants to produce at_least one_seed._As a_result,_not all of_the F.sub.2 plants_originally sampled in the_population will be_represented_by a progeny when generation advance is completed.
In a multiple-seed procedure, soybean breeders commonly_harvest_one or_more_pods_from each plant in a_population and thresh them together_to form_a bulk. Part of the bulk is used_to_plant the next_generation and part is put in reserve. The procedure_has been referred to as modified_single-seed descent or_the_pod-bulk_technique.
The multiple-seed procedure has_been used to save labor at_harvest. It is considerably faster to_thresh pods with a machine than to_remove one seed from each by_hand for the single-seed procedure._The multiple-seed_procedure also makes it possible_to plant the_same number_of seeds of_a population each generation of inbreeding._Enough seeds are_harvested to make up for those_plants_that did not_germinate_or_produce seed.
Descriptions_of other breeding_methods_that are_commonly_used for different traits and crops_can_be found in one of several reference_books (e.g., Allard, 1960;_Simmonds,_1979; Sneep et al.,_1979; Fehr, 1987).
Proper testing should_detect any major faults and establish_the level_of superiority_or improvement over current cultivars. In addition to showing superior performance,_there must be a demand for_a new cultivar that_is compatible_with_industry standards or_which_creates a_new market. The introduction of a new_cultivar will_incur additional costs to the seed_producer, the grower, processor_and_consumer; for special advertising and marketing,_altered seed and commercial production practices,_and new product utilization. The_testing_preceding_release of a new cultivar_should take into consideration research and_development costs as_well as technical superiority of the final_cultivar._For seed-propagated cultivars, it must be_feasible_to produce seed easily and economically.
Soybean,_Glycine_max_(L), is an important and_valuable field crop. Thus, a continuing_goal of plant breeders is to develop stable, high_yielding soybean cultivars_that are agronomically sound. The_reasons_for_this goal are obviously to maximize the amount of grain_produced on_the land used_and to supply food for both animals and humans. To_accomplish this goal, the soybean breeder must_select and develop soybean plants that have the traits that result_in superior cultivars. Push brooms have long been_used as an effective cleaning tool. The_standard push broom consists