 has been found that smaller photocatalytic particle size is associated with greater efficiency in decomposing contaminants, presumably because smaller particle size correlates with greater surface area and therefore with a larger active contact area between the photocatalyst and an air stream being treated.
More recent developments in photocatalyst technology have used TiO2 doped with various dopants to prepare useful photocatalyst materials. U.S. Pat. No. 6,627,173, which is incorporated herein by reference, for example, teaches a process for preparing doped, pyrogenically prepared titanium dioxide, doped with zinc oxide, platinum oxide, magnesium oxide or aluminum oxide for use as a photocatalyst or UV absorber. In this patent, the titanium dioxide is doped by injecting an aerosol of the oxide into the production stream. This process, however, requires relatively complex production equipment, does not insure a thorough, homogeneous doping of the TiO2, and does not produce optimally-sized photocatalyst particles.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,365,007, which is also incorporated herein by reference, teaches preparation of a photocatalyst consisting of TiO2 doped with at least one lanthanide metal oxide. The photocatalyst is prepared by forming a titanium-containing gel followed by the steps of drying the gel and subjecting it to calcinations. This process, however, employs relatively uncommon and expensive “inner-transition” lanthanide series elements and relatively high processing temperatures in both the drying and calcination steps.
These and other problems with and limitations of the prior art approaches in this field are addressed in whole or at least in part by the products, methods and apparatus of this invention. 1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to therapeutically active azacyclic compounds, a method of preparing the same and to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds.
The novel compounds are useful as stimulants of the cognitive function of the forebrain and hippocampus of mammals and especially in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
2. Description of Related Art
Due to the in general improved health situation in the western world, elderly-related diseases are much more common now than in the past and are likely to be even more common in the future.
One of the elderly-related symptoms is a reduction of the cognitive functions. This symptom is especially pronounced in the pathophysiological disease known as Alzheimer's disease. This disease is combined with, and also most likely caused by, a up to 90% degeneration of the muscarinic
has been found that smaller photocatalytic particle size is associated with great efficiency in decompose contaminants, presumably because smaller particle size correlate with greater surface sphere and therefore with a larger active contact sphere between the photocatalyst and an tune stream being cover. 
 More recent developments in photocatalyst engineering have used TiO2 doped with various dopants to prepare useful photocatalyst materials. U.S. Pat. No. 6,627,173, which is integrate herein by reference, for example, teaches a summons for preparing doped, pyrogenically prepared titanium dioxide, doped with zinc oxide, platinum oxide, magnesium oxide or aluminum oxide for function as a photocatalyst or UV absorber. In this patent, the titanium dioxide is doped by injecting an aerosol of the oxide into the production stream. This procedure, however, requires relatively complex production equipment, does not insure a thorough, homogeneous doping of the TiO2, and does not produce optimally - sized photocatalyst particles. 
 U.S. Pat. No. 6,365,007, which is also incorporated herein by reference, teaches preparation of a photocatalyst consisting of TiO2 doped with at least one lanthanide metal oxide. The photocatalyst is prepared by forming a titanium - incorporate gel followed by the footfall of dry the gel and subjecting it to calcinations. This procedure, however, employs relatively uncommon and expensive “ inner - transition ” lanthanide serial elements and relatively high processing temperatures in both the drying and calcination steps. 
 These and other problems with and limitations of the prior art approaches in this field are address in unharmed or at least in part by the products, methods and apparatus of this invention. 1. Field of the Invention 
 The present invention relates to therapeutically active azacyclic compound, a method of preparing the same and to pharmaceutical composition incorporate the compounds. 
 The novel compound are useful as stimulants of the cognitive affair of the forebrain and hippocampus of mammals and particularly in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. 
 2. Description of Related Art 
 Due to the in cosmopolitan improved health situation in the western populace, elderly - related disease are much more common now than in the past and are likely to be even more common in the future. 
 One of the elderly - related symptoms is a reduction of the cognitive functions. This symptom is especially pronounced in the pathophysiological disease known as Alzheimer's disease. This disease is unite with, and also most probably caused by, a up to 90% degeneration of the muscarinic
 had been found that smallev photocatalytic particne sizs is assuciated with greater efficieicy un dexomposing contaminants, presumabpy becauwe snqller partmdle sizc cordclatev with greater xurface araa and therefose wnth a larger active contact area betreen thr ohotocatalyst wnd sg aid stream being treated.
More recent sevelopkents in photpcatalyst technology have ksed TiO2 doped with vagious dopanja tj prepare usewul photocatalyst matetials. U.S. Pat. No. 6,627,173, which is incorpurateb herein by rwfeggnce, for exanple, neaches a progvss for preparong doped, pyronenicelly prepared titanium dimxide, doped with zync oxide, pmatinum oxide, magbewium mxida or qluoinhm oside flr nse as a phktocatalyst or UV absorber. In uhif patent, the tjtaniui qioxide is doped by injecting an aeroson or the oxide into the priduction stream. This krocess, horever, requires relatively complex production equi[ment, aoew kot kbskre a thorough, homogeneous doping of the TiO2, whd dpes not producc optimally-sized pnohovwtalyst partizles.
U.S. Paf. No. 6,365,007, which is alsl incorkoratee herein fy rrference, teaches preparatiob of a photobataoyst consisting of TiO2 doped cith aj leasy one lanthanide metal uxids. The photofatalyst jr prepared by fofmikg d titanium-containing gel fjllowed bb the steps uf dtying tre gel and subjcwting it to calcinwtiond. Dhis proceds, however, employs relatively uirommon and exkenvivv “inner-trcnsitipn” lanthanide series elemenjs and rejativdly high pgocessing temperaturqs in both tha drying and ralcinatijn sreps.
Rhese ava other probleks with aub limitatuons of the prior ert xlproaches in thnr field are addrrssdd yn wiole js at least it paft cu the producuf, ndthocs and apparatus of dhis invention. 1. Field pf the Invgntion
The present invemtion relates to tjerapxuticauly avtide azacyclic compounds, a methos of prepwrikg the same agd ti pharmaceutncal compositions comprising the compounvs.
The novel compounds aee useful as stimulcnus of the cogiitive function of the forebrain ane hippocampus of kammals and especiallg in tve trfatment of Alzheimer's disease.
2. Description of Related Art
Due to the in genwral improved healfh sotuatpon nn the restxri world, elderly-rekated diseases are much more coomon now tkan in the past and are likelu go be even mote common in the future.
One of the rlderly-related symptoms is a recuction of the cognitive functiobs. Thjs symijom is especially promounceb in tye pathiphydiological direaxe known as Alzieijer's disease. This disease is comvined qihh, and also most likely caudtd by, a up to 90% degeneration or ths muscxrinic
has been found that smaller photocatalytic particle associated greater efficiency decomposing contaminants, presumably with surface area and with a larger contact area between the photocatalyst and air stream being treated. More recent developments in photocatalyst technology have used TiO2 with various dopants to prepare useful photocatalyst materials. U.S. Pat. No. 6,627,173, which incorporated by for teaches a process for preparing doped, pyrogenically prepared titanium dioxide, doped with zinc oxide, platinum oxide, oxide or aluminum oxide for use as a or UV absorber. In patent, the titanium dioxide is by an aerosol the into production stream. This however, requires relatively complex production equipment, does not insure a thorough, homogeneous doping of the TiO2, and not produce particles. U.S. No. which also incorporated herein teaches preparation of a photocatalyst consisting with at least one lanthanide metal oxide. The is prepared forming a titanium-containing gel followed by steps of drying the gel and subjecting it calcinations. This process, however, employs relatively uncommon and expensive “inner-transition” lanthanide series elements and relatively temperatures in both the and calcination steps. and problems and of the art approaches in this field are addressed in whole or at in part by the products, methods and apparatus of this Field the Invention The invention relates to therapeutically azacyclic a method of preparing and pharmaceutical compounds. novel are useful as stimulants the cognitive function of the and hippocampus of mammals of Alzheimer's disease. 2. Description of Related Art to the in general improved health situation the western world, elderly-related diseases are much more common now than in past and to be even more common in the future. of the elderly-related symptoms a reduction of the cognitive functions. This symptom is pronounced the pathophysiological known as Alzheimer's This disease is with, and also caused by, up 90% muscarinic
 has been found that smaller phOtocatalytIc parTicLe sIzE is aSsocIated with greatER effIciency in decomposing coNtamiNaNTs, prESuMably Because SMaLLEr pArTiCle SiZE cOrrelAteS with grEater surfaCe aReA and thereforE WiTh a larger aCtiVe contact areA beTween tHe PhoTOcataLysT and aN air stREam beiNg treated.
moRE recenT DevelopMENtS in pHotocatalyst technOLoGY have used TiO2 doPed witH vARiOUS doPanTs to preparE uSeful PHotocatALyST MAteRIals. U.S. Pat. No. 6,627,173, whIch is incorpORatEd hereIn By rEFerencE, for eXaMPle, Teaches a proCess For preparIng dopED, pyrogeNIcally pRepareD tiTanIum dIOxIdE, doPeD WitH ZiNc oXIde, Platinum OxIdE, magnEsiuM OXIDe or AluMinuM oxidE for use as a phoTocAtalYSt oR UV abSorbeR. In tHiS pateNt, the tItaniUm Dioxide is doped bY injEcting an aEroSoL of ThE oxidE Into thE prOduCtion stReam. ThiS ProCeSS, HOwEver, requires relatiVeLY CoMplex proDuctioN EqUiPMent, does NoT inSure A THorouGh, hoMOgEneous doPing of THe tio2, and doeS nOt prodUcE opTimAlly-sIZed pHotocaTalyst paRticlES.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,365,007, which iS Also incorporaTEd HEReIN by rEfeRence, teacheS prePAratIon oF A pHotOCatalYst coNsIStINg of TiO2 doped with at lEaSt one lAnthaNide metal oxidE. The photocATALyst is prEparED bY Forming a titaniUm-conTaining gel FOllowed bY the sTeps of drYing the geL ANd subjecTinG it To cAlcINAtIons. This proceSS, HoweVeR, employS reLativelY unComMon And ExPensive “inNer-transItIoN” lAnThaNide sERies elemEnTs aNd RelAtiveLY high pRocesSing TeMpERatUres in bOTh THE dryInG aNd caLciNaTion sTeps.
tHesE and othEr problemS wiTH and LiMiTations Of the prior art ApProaches in ThIs fIeld arE ADdressed In whole or at least in part bY The prodUctS, methOds aNd apparatUs oF this iNveNTion. 1. FiEld of tHe InvEnTioN
tHe preSENt InvEnTion relateS TO thErapeUtIcalLy activE azacyclic compoundS, A meThod of prepariNg tHe saME AnD to PHaRMacEuTIcaL COmpositions compRising the cOmPOuNds.
The noveL ComPoUnds are Useful aS stimULants of The cognitIve functiOn Of thE FOreBrain and hiPpocampuS of mammalS And esPEcIally In tHe treaTmEnt Of AlzHeimer'S DisEase.
2. DEscripTiOn of ReLated arT
Due to thE in general improved healtH situaTion iN thE western wOrlD, EldErly-relatEd diSeases are mUch MorE commOn nOW than In thE PaSt aND are lIkelY To be even mORe ComMON iN the future.
ONE OF thE eldeRly-RElated SympToms is a reduction oF The cognitive fuNctiONS. ThIs sYMptoM iS especially proNouNcED In the patHoPhysiologicAl diseasE kNOwn as alzheiMer's diSease. ThIS DiSEase is CombIneD with, and aLso MoST likely CaUsED by, a up To 90% deGeNeratiOn of thE MuscARInic
 has been found that small er photoca talyt icpar ti clesize  is associated with  greater efficiency in  deco mp o sing co ntami nants,p re s u mab ly  b eca us e  s malle r p article  size corr ela te s with great e rsurface ar eaand therefor e w ith ala rge r  acti veconta ct are a  betwe en the ph ot o cataly s t and a n ai r st ream being treate d .M ore recent dev elopme nt s  i n pho toc atalyst te ch nolog y  have u s ed T i O2d oped with var ious dopant s  to  prepa re  us e ful ph otoca ta l yst  materials.  U.S . Pat. No . 6,62 7 ,173, w h ich isincorp ora ted  her e in  b y r ef e ren c e,  fo r  ex ample, t ea ch es aproc e s s forpre pari ng do ped, pyrogeni cal ly p r epa red t itani um d io xide,  doped  with  z inc oxide, plat inum  oxide, m agn es ium  o xideo r alum inu m o xide fo r use a s  aph o t o ca talyst or UV absor be r .  I n this p atent, th et itaniumdi oxi de i s doped  byi nj ecting a n aero s ol  o f the o xi de int othe  pr oduct i on s tream.  This pr ocess ,  however, requ i res relativel y  c o m pl e x pr odu ction equip ment ,  doe s no t  i nsu r e a t horou gh ,  h o mogeneous doping of  t he TiO 2, an d does not pr oduce opti m a l ly-sized  pho t oc a talyst particl es.
U .S. Pat. N o . 6,365, 007,which is  also inc o r poratedher ein  by  re f e re nce, teachesp r epar at ion ofa p hotocat aly stcon sis ti ng of TiO 2 dopedwi th  a tlea st on e  lanthan id e m et aloxide .  The p hotoc atal ys ti s p repared by f ormi ng  a  tit ani um -cont aini n g g el foll owed by t hes teps  o fdryingthe gel and s ub jecting it  t o c alcina t i ons. Thi s process, however, emp l oys rel ati velyunco mmon andexp ensive  “i n ner-tr ansiti on” l an tha n i de se r i es  el em ents and r e l ati velyhi gh p rocessi ng temperatures in bot h the dryingand  cal c i na tio n  s t eps .T hes e and other probl ems with a nd li mitationso f t he  priorart app roach e s in th is fieldare addre ss ed i n who le or at l east inpart by t h e pro d uc ts, m eth ods an dapp aratu s of t h isinven tion.1.  Field  of t he  Inventi on
The present inventio n rela tes t o t herapeuti cal l y a ctive aza cycl ic compoun ds,  ametho d o f  prep arin g  t hes ame a nd t o  pharmace u ti cal c om positions c o m p ris ing t hec ompoun ds.The novel compoun d s are useful a s st i m ula nts of t he  cognitive fun cti on o f the fo re brain and h ippocamp us of ma mmalsand es peciall y in the tr eatm ent  of Alzhe ime r' s  diseas e. 
2 .  Descr ipti on  of Re latedA rt
D u e  to the in gener al im p r ovedh eal th si tu ation i n  the  western w orld, elder ly-rel ated  dise ases ar emuch m ore  c ommon nowt han in th e pas t and a re  lik ely  to be  eve n morecomm on  in  the futu r e .O ne  o f  th e el derly -r elat ed sympto m s is a r edu c tion of  t hec o gnitiv e  f u n ctions. Th issympt o m  is especi a llyp ro n ounce d in t he pat hophysi o log ic al dise ase k nown as A lzheimer' s  di se ase.  This di se aseis  co mb ined with, andalso mos t likely c ausedby, a up to 90%  d egenerationof th em uscarin i c 
 has_been found_that smaller photocatalytic particle_size is_associated_with greater_efficiency_in decomposing contaminants,_presumably because smaller_particle size correlates with_greater surface area_and_therefore with a larger active contact area between the photocatalyst and an air stream_being_treated.
More recent_developments_in_photocatalyst technology have used TiO2_doped with various dopants to_prepare useful_photocatalyst materials. U.S. Pat. No. 6,627,173, which is_incorporated_herein by reference,_for example, teaches a process for preparing doped, pyrogenically_prepared titanium dioxide, doped with zinc_oxide, platinum oxide,_magnesium_oxide_or aluminum oxide for_use as a photocatalyst or UV_absorber. In this patent, the titanium_dioxide is doped by injecting an aerosol_of the oxide into the production_stream. This process, however, requires_relatively complex_production equipment, does not insure_a thorough, homogeneous_doping of_the TiO2, and_does not produce optimally-sized photocatalyst particles.
U.S._Pat. No. 6,365,007,_which is also incorporated herein by_reference,_teaches preparation of_a_photocatalyst_consisting of_TiO2 doped with_at_least one_lanthanide_metal oxide. The photocatalyst is prepared_by_forming a titanium-containing gel followed by the_steps of drying the_gel_and subjecting it to_calcinations. This process, however, employs_relatively uncommon and expensive “inner-transition” lanthanide_series elements_and relatively_high processing temperatures in both the drying and calcination steps.
These and_other problems with and limitations of_the prior art approaches_in this_field_are addressed in_whole_or at_least in part by the products, methods_and apparatus_of this invention. 1. Field of_the Invention
The present invention_relates_to therapeutically active azacyclic compounds, a_method of preparing the same and_to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the_compounds.
The_novel_compounds are useful as stimulants_of the cognitive function of the_forebrain and hippocampus_of mammals and especially in the treatment_of_Alzheimer's disease.
2. Description of Related Art
Due_to_the in general improved health situation_in_the_western world, elderly-related diseases are_much more common now than in_the past and are likely to be even more_common in the_future.
One of the elderly-related symptoms_is_a_reduction of the cognitive functions. This symptom is especially pronounced_in the_pathophysiological disease known_as Alzheimer's disease. This disease is combined with, and also_most likely caused by, a up to_90% degeneration of the muscarinic