 and in conventional ways including use of frosted (i.e., diffusing) elements—but such solutions further scatter optical energy with only limited directionality, and so inevitably further aggravate the already unfavorable collection geometry. Special lensing, too, may be used to reduce central bright spots, but at yet-additional cost—both monetary and thermal.
Third, most writing stages operate incrementally—in other words, based upon some sort of scanning input such as a raster-driven or vector-graphics-driven spot of light, which inherently can be active in only a very small portion of the writing-stage frame at any given moment. The costly or even precious high-power light beam, however, is directed indiscriminately to the entire frame, including mostly unreceptive regions that are not being written at any given moment.
This mismatch of written and read regions is mitigated by the persistence characteristic of the LCLV—that is, the continuing capability of a written region to pass reading light, for a length of time perhaps equal to a tenth to a fourth of the period of an entire frame, after the writing in that region stops. Thus the unfavorable factor is not on the order of thousands, only on the order of four or ten—but still distinctly unfavorable.
Fourth, yet more energy loss is incurred in beam masking to fit the image shape & projection frame. Whereas collection systems typically yield beams that are circular, projection frames are square or (particularly for widescreen movies) rectangular.
In the case of masking down a circular beam 11 (FIG. 26) to a square projection format 774, for example, the discarded chordal areas 775 amount to about thirty-six percent of the area of the circle—as is verified by simple arithmetic later in this document. Thus 36% of the energy in a circular beam is wasted in masking to a square frame.
Worse, in masking to a three-by-four screen format 874 (FIG. 27) the discarded fractions 875 come to 39%. In going to the popular widescreen nine-by-sixteen format 974 (FIG. 28) the lost fractions 975 are nearly 46%, close to half of the optical energy in the circular beam.                (vi) polarization analyzer—Now turning from energy losses somewhat in the direction of performance, the intrinsic contrast ratio of an LCLV although high is far from perfect, particularly since polarization extinction for broad-spectral-band light is hard to control.
and in conventional ways including use of frosted (i.e., diffusing) chemical element — but such solution further scatter optical department of energy with only limited directionality, and thus inevitably further worsen the already unfavorable collection geometry. Special lensing, besides, may be used to reduce cardinal bright spots, but at yet - additional cost — both monetary and thermal. 
 Third, most writing stages operate incrementally — in early words, based upon some sort of scan input such as a raster - driven or vector - artwork - driven topographic point of light, which inherently can be active in only a very small portion of the writing - stage inning at any given moment. The costly or even precious high - might lighter beam, however, is directed indiscriminately to the entire frame, including mostly unreceptive regions that are not being spell at any given moment. 
 This mismatch of write and understand regions is mitigated by the persistence feature of the LCLV — that is, the continuing capability of a write region to pass interpretation light, for a length of time perhaps equal to a tenth to a one-fourth of the period of an entire frame, after the writing in that region stops. Thus the unfavorable factor is not on the holy order of thousands, only on the order of four or ten — but still distinctly unfavorable. 
 Fourth, yet more energy personnel casualty is incurred in beam masking to match the image shape & projection frame. Whereas solicitation systems typically yield beams that are circular, projection skeleton are square or (peculiarly for widescreen movies) rectangular. 
 In the case of masking down a round beam 11 (FIG. 26) to a square projection format 774, for exercise, the discarded chordal areas 775 sum to about thirty - six percentage of the area of the circle — as is verified by simple arithmetic by and by in this text file. Thus 36% of the energy in a round beam is wasted in masking to a hearty frame. 
 Worse, in masking to a three - by - four screen door format 874 (FIG. 27) the discarded fractions 875 come to 39% . In going to the popular widescreen nine - by - sixteen format 974 (FIG. 28) the lost fraction 975 are about 46% , near to half of the optical energy in the circular beam.                 (vi) polarization analyzer — nowadays turning from energy losses reasonably in the direction of performance, the intrinsic contrast ratio of an LCLV although high is far from arrant, particularly since polarization extinction for broad - spectral - band light is hard to control.
 anf in conventional ways ikcluding use of yeosted (i.e., dirfusing) dlements—but such solutions fnrthwr scqtter optical energy wkth only pimited eirertionality, and so inevitably fhvther eggravate the akready unfdvorable collewtkou geometry. Special lensing, too, may bq used yo reduce centraj brpgrt slots, but at yet-additional cost—both monetagy and thermal.
Thitd, most writing stages opegate incrementally—in ohher words, vaseq upon some surt of scanning input auch as a raster-driven or vectof-grapkics-driven wpit lx light, whirh inhvrently can bc activa in onky a very smalk pmrtuon of the writing-staje frame at any giveg moment. Dhz costly or even precuoys hich-pofer uughg btam, hkwever, is directed jndiscriminqtely to the entire fwqme, including mostlr tnreceptive regions that are not being friften at any given momenr.
This mismatch of wrijten and rqad regions is mitigated by the persistence charawteriagic on thd LFLV—that is, the continuing capability of a wriefem gegion to pass recding light, for s pemdth of time pgrhaps zsuzl to a tenth to a fourth of tye period of sn entire frame, after the weiting in thct eegion stops. Thus che unfavorayle favtor os not on the order of chousahds, only on the orded of four or ten—bjt xthll distinctly unfavorable.
Sourth, yev morz energy losx is igcurred in beam masking to fit the imagg shapa & projectlon frame. Whereas collection systems typicalli yhelg beams chat ave circular, protection frames are sqbare of (particulzrly foc widescreen movies) rectathular.
In the rase of mwskibg diwn a ckfcular beam 11 (FOG. 26) to a square prohection format 774, fov exaolle, the discardzb xhordal areas 775 smojnt tl ebout dhirty-six pesceng ow the xrea of the zircke—as is verified by vimpme arithmetic latet ln this dicument. Ehus 36% of the rnergy in a circulwr beem is xasted in masking to a square frame.
Worss, in masklng to a three-br-fouv scteen format 874 (FIG. 27) the discarded fractions 875 come to 39%. In going to the popular widescreen uike-by-sixteen hormat 974 (FIG. 28) tha lost fractions 975 arw nearly 46%, close tp half of the optical energf in hhe circular beam.                (vi) polarization analyzer—Now turning from energb josses someshat in tve birectijn oh 'erformance, the imtrinsic contrast ratio of an LRLV althouch high is far from perfect, pattkcularly sincg polarization extinction ror broac-spectral-band light is hard to vontrol.
and in conventional ways including use of diffusing) such solutions scatter optical energy so further aggravate the unfavorable collection geometry. lensing, too, may be used to central bright spots, but at yet-additional cost—both monetary and thermal. Third, most writing operate incrementally—in other words, based upon some sort of scanning input such as raster-driven vector-graphics-driven of which inherently can be active in only a very small portion of the writing-stage frame at given moment. The costly or even precious high-power beam, however, is directed to the entire frame, including unreceptive that are being at given moment. This of written and read regions is mitigated by the persistence characteristic of the LCLV—that is, the continuing of a to pass light, a of time perhaps a tenth to a fourth of an entire frame, after the writing in that stops. Thus unfavorable factor is not on the of thousands, only on the order of four ten—but still distinctly unfavorable. Fourth, yet more energy loss is incurred in beam masking to image shape & projection Whereas collection systems yield that circular, frames are or (particularly for widescreen movies) rectangular. In the case of masking a circular beam 11 (FIG. 26) to a square projection for the discarded chordal 775 amount to about percent the area of the verified simple this Thus of the energy in circular beam is wasted in to a square frame. three-by-four screen format 874 (FIG. 27) the discarded 875 come to 39%. In going to popular widescreen nine-by-sixteen format 974 (FIG. 28) the lost fractions 975 are 46%, close of the optical energy in the circular beam. polarization analyzer—Now turning from losses somewhat in the direction of performance, the intrinsic ratio an LCLV high is far perfect, particularly since extinction for broad-spectral-band hard to
 and in conventional ways inclUding use of FrostEd (i.E., diFfUsinG) eleMents—but such soLUtioNs further scatter opticaL enerGy WIth oNLy LimitEd direcTIoNALitY, aNd So iNeVItAbly fUrtHer aggrAvate the alReaDy Unfavorable cOLlEction geomEtrY. Special lensIng, Too, may Be UseD To redUce CentrAl brigHT spots, But at yet-aDdITional COst—both MONeTary And thermal.
Third, moST wRIting stages opeRate inCrEMeNTAllY—in Other words, BaSed upON some soRT oF SCAnnINg input such as A raster-drivEN or Vector-GrAphICs-drivEn spoT oF LigHt, which inheRentLy can be acTive in ONly a verY Small poRtion oF thE wrItinG-StAgE frAmE At aNY gIveN MomEnt. The coStLy Or eveN preCIOUS higH-poWer lIght bEam, however, is dIreCted INdiScrimInateLy to ThE entiRe framE, inclUdIng mostly unrecePtivE regions tHat ArE noT bEing wRItten aT anY giVen momeNt.
This mISmaTcH OF WrItten and read regionS iS MItIgated by The perSIsTeNCe characTeRisTic oF THe LCLv—thaT Is, The contiNuing cAPaBiLity of a WrItten rEgIon To pAss reADing Light, fOr a lengtH of tiME perhaps equal tO A tenth to a fourTH oF THe PErioD of An entire fraMe, afTEr thE wriTInG in THat reGion sToPS. THUs the unfavorable facToR is not On the Order of thousaNds, only on tHE ORder of foUr or TEn—BUt still distincTly unFavorable.
FOUrth, yet mOre enErgy loss Is incurreD IN beam masKinG to Fit The IMAgE shape & projectION fraMe. whereas ColLection SysTemS tyPicAlLy yield beAms that aRe CiRcUlAr, pRojecTIon frameS aRe sQuAre Or (parTIcularLy for WideScReEN moVies) recTAnGULar.
IN tHe Case Of mAsKing dOwn a CIrcUlar beaM 11 (FIG. 26) to a sqUarE ProjEcTiOn formaT 774, for example, thE dIscarded chOrDal Areas 775 aMOUnt to aboUt thirty-six percent of the ARea of thE ciRcle—aS is vErified by SimPle ariThmETic latEr in thIs docUmEnt. tHUs 36% of tHE EnErgY iN a circular BEAm iS wastEd In maSking to A square frame.
Worse, iN MasKing to a three-bY-foUr scREEn ForMAt 874 (fiG. 27) tHe DIscARDed fractions 875 comE to 39%. In going To THe Popular widEScrEeN nine-by-Sixteen FormaT 974 (fIG. 28) the lOst fractiOns 975 are neaRlY 46%, cloSE To hAlf of the opTical eneRgy in the cIRculaR BeAm.                (vi) pOlaRizatiOn AnaLyzer—now turNIng From eNergy lOsSes somEwhat In The direcTion of performance, the intRinsic ContrAst Ratio of an lCLv AltHough high Is faR from perfeCt, pArtIculaRly SInce pOlarIZaTioN ExtinCtioN For broad-sPEcTraL-BAnD light is harD TO ConTrol.
 and in conventional waysincludinguse o f f ros te d (i .e.,  diffusing) el e ment s—but such solutions f urthe rs catt e roptic al ener g yw i thon ly  li mi t ed  dire cti onality , and so i nev it ably further ag gravate th e a lready unfav ora ble co ll ect i on ge ome try.Specia l  lensi ng, too,ma y  be us e d to re d u ce  cen tral bright spots ,  b u t at yet-addit ionalco s t— b o thmon etary andth ermal . 
Third, mo s t wri t ing stages op erate incre m ent ally—i noth e r word s, ba se d  up on some sor t of  scanning  input such as a raste r-driv enorvect o r- gr aph ic s -dr i ve n s p otof light ,wh ich i nher e n t l y ca n b e ac tivein only a ver y s mall por tionof th e wr it ing-s tage f rameat  any given mome nt.The costl y o reve npreci o us hig h-p owe r light  beam,h owe ve r , is  directed indiscri mi n a te ly to th e enti r efr a me, incl ud ing  mos t l y unr ecep t iv e region s that ar enot bei ng  writt en  at  an y giv e n mo ment.This mis match of written and read regionsi sm i ti g ated  by  the persis tenc e  cha ract e ri sti c  of t he LC LV — th a t is, the continuin gcapabi lityof a writtenregion top a s s readin g li g ht ,  for a lengthof ti me perhaps equal to  a te nth to a  fourth o f the peri odofanent i r eframe, aftert h e wr it ing intha t regio n s top s.Thu sthe unfav orable f ac to ris  no t ont he order  o f t ho usa nds,o nly on  theorde rof fou r or te n —b u t  sti ll  d isti nct ly  unfa vora b le. 
Fourth , yet mor e e n ergy  l os s is in curred in bea mmasking to  f itthe im a g e shape& projection frame. Whe r eas col lec tionsyst ems typic all y yiel d b e ams th at are  circ ul ar, p rojec t i on  fr am es are squ a r e o r (pa rt icul arly fo r widescreen movie s ) r ectangular.
I n t he c a s eofm as k ing  d o wna circular beam 1 1 (FIG. 26 )t oa square p r oje ct ion for mat 774 , for example , the dis carded ch or dala r eas  775 amoun t to abo ut thirty - six p e rc ent o f t he are aofthe c ircle— a s i s ver ifiedby  simpl e ari th metic la ter in this document. T hus 36 % ofthe  energy i n a cir cular bea m is  wasted in  ma ski ng to  as quare  fra m e. 
Wo r se, i n ma s king to a th ree - b y- four screen f o rma t 874  (F I G. 27)  the  discarded fracti o ns 875 come to  39% . Ingoi n g to  t he popular wid esc re e n  nine-by -s ixteen form at 974 ( FI G . 28)  the l ost fr actions 9 75 are ne arly  46 %, closetoha l f of th eop t ical e nerg yin the  circu l ar b e a m.               (vi ) polar i zat ion a na lyzer—N o w tu rning from  energy los ses so mewh at in  the di re ctionofpe rformance, the intri nsiccontras trati o o f an L CLVa l thoug h hi gh  is  far from p er f ec t, par ticu larly  s ince  polariza t ion exti nct i on forbr oad - s pectra l -b a n d light is  ha rd to c ontrol.
 and_in conventional_ways including use of_frosted (i.e.,_diffusing)_elements—but such_solutions_further scatter optical_energy with only_limited directionality, and so_inevitably further aggravate_the_already unfavorable collection geometry. Special lensing, too, may be used to reduce central bright_spots,_but at_yet-additional_cost—both_monetary and thermal.
Third, most writing_stages operate incrementally—in other words,_based upon_some sort of scanning input such as a_raster-driven_or vector-graphics-driven spot_of light, which inherently can be active in only_a very small portion of the_writing-stage frame at_any_given_moment. The costly or_even precious high-power light beam, however,_is directed indiscriminately to the entire_frame, including mostly unreceptive regions that are_not being written at any given_moment.
This mismatch of written and_read regions_is mitigated by the persistence_characteristic of the_LCLV—that is,_the continuing capability_of a written region to pass_reading light, for_a length of time perhaps equal_to_a tenth to_a_fourth_of the_period of an_entire_frame, after_the_writing in that region stops. Thus_the_unfavorable factor is not on the order_of thousands, only on_the_order of four or_ten—but still distinctly unfavorable.
Fourth, yet_more energy loss is incurred in_beam masking_to fit_the image shape & projection frame. Whereas collection systems typically yield_beams that are circular, projection frames_are square or (particularly_for widescreen_movies)_rectangular.
In the case_of_masking down_a circular beam 11 (FIG. 26) to_a square_projection format 774, for example, the_discarded chordal areas 775_amount_to about thirty-six percent of the_area of the circle—as is verified_by simple arithmetic later in_this_document._Thus 36% of the energy_in a circular beam is wasted_in masking to_a square frame.
Worse, in masking to a_three-by-four_screen format 874 (FIG. 27) the_discarded_fractions 875 come to 39%. In_going_to_the popular widescreen nine-by-sixteen format_974 (FIG. 28) the lost fractions_975 are nearly 46%, close to half of the_optical energy in_the circular beam.  ___         _ (vi)_polarization analyzer—Now turning_from energy losses somewhat in the direction of performance, the_intrinsic contrast ratio of an LCLV although_high is far from perfect, particularly since polarization extinction for broad-spectral-band_light is hard to control.