 on an operating mode of liquid crystals includes phase change (PC), twisted nematic (TN), super twisted nematic (STN), electrically controlled birefringence (ECB), optically compensated bend (OCB), in-plane switching (IPS), vertical alignment (VA), and so forth. Classification based on a driving mode includes a passive matrix (PM) and an active matrix (AM). PM is further classified into static, multiplex and so forth, and AM is classified into a thin film transistor (TFT), a metal insular metal (MIM) and so forth. TFT is further classified into amorphous silicon, polycrystal silicon and continuous grain silicon. The polycrystal silicon is classified into a high temperature type and a low temperature type according to a production process. Classification based on a light source includes a reflection type utilizing a natural light, a transmission type utilizing a backlight and a semi-transmission type utilizing both the natural light and the backlight.
These devices contain a liquid crystal composition having suitable characteristics. General characteristics of the composition should be improved to obtain an AM device having good general characteristics. Table 1 below summarizes a relationship between the general characteristics of the two. The general characteristics of the composition will be explained further based on a commercially available AM device. A temperature range of a nematic phase relates to the temperature range in which the device can be used. A desirable maximum temperature of the nematic phase is approximately 70° C. or more and a desirable minimum temperature is approximately −20° C. or less. The viscosity of the composition relates to the response time of the device. A short response time is desirable for displaying a moving image by means of the device. Accordingly, a small viscosity of the composition is desirable. A small viscosity at a low temperature is more desirable.
TABLE 1General characteristics of a liquid crystal composition and an AM deviceGeneralGeneral characteristics of an AMNocharacteristics of a compositionDevice1Temperature range of a nematicUsable temperature range is widephase is wide2Viscosity is small 1)Response time is short3Optical anisotropy is suitableContrast ratio is large4Dielectric anisotropy isDriving voltage is low and electricpositively or negatively largepower consumption is small5Specific resistance is largeVoltage holding ratio is large and acontrast ratio is large1) A liquid crystal composition can be injected into a liquid crystal cell in a short time.
The optical anisotropy of the composition relates to the contrast ratio of the device. The devices having a VA
on an operating mode of liquid crystals includes phase variety (personal computer), wrench nematic (TN), super twist nematic (STN), electrically control birefringence (ECB), optically compensated fold (OCB), in - airplane switching (IPS), vertical alignment (VA), and so forth. categorization based on a driving mode includes a passive matrix (prime minister) and an active matrix (AM). PM is further classified into static, multiplex and so away, and AM is classified into a thin film transistor (TFT), a alloy insular metal (MIM) and so away. TFT is further classify into amorphous silicon, polycrystal silicon and continuous grain silicon. The polycrystal silicon is classify into a high temperature type and a low temperature character according to a production process. Classification based on a light source includes a reflection type utilizing a natural light, a transmission type utilizing a backlight and a semi - transmission type use both the natural light and the backlight. 
 These device check a liquid crystal musical composition have suitable characteristics. cosmopolitan characteristics of the composition should be improved to obtain an AM device having good general characteristics. Table 1 below summarizes a relationship between the general characteristic of the two. The general feature of the composition will be explained further based on a commercially available AM device. A temperature range of a nematic phase relate to the temperature range in which the device can be used. A desirable maximum temperature of the nematic phase is approximately 70 ° C. or more and a desirable minimum temperature is approximately −20 ° C. or less. The viscosity of the composition relates to the response time of the device. A short reply time is desirable for display a moving image by mean of the device. Accordingly, a small viscosity of the composition is desirable. A small viscosity at a gloomy temperature is more desirable. 
 TABLE 1General characteristics of a fluid crystal composition and an AM deviceGeneralGeneral characteristic of an AMNocharacteristics of a compositionDevice1Temperature range of a nematicUsable temperature stove is widephase is wide2Viscosity is small 1)Response time is short3Optical anisotropy is suitableContrast ratio is large4Dielectric anisotropy isDriving voltage is low and electricpositively or negatively largepower consumption is small5Specific resistance is largeVoltage holding ratio is bombastic and acontrast ratio is large1) A liquid quartz glass composition can be injected into a liquid crystal cell in a short time. 
 The ocular anisotropy of the composition relates to the contrast ratio of the device. The devices having a VA
 on an operating mode of liduid crystals iuxludes phase change (OC), twisted nematic (TN), super vwisred ntiatic (STN), electricxlly contgolled bieefrmngence (ECB), optirzlly compensafcd beud (OCB), in-plane seitching (I[S), vertical alhgvmznt (VA), and so forth. Classification bwsed on a driving mode ynclldqs a iawsive matrix (PM) and an active matrix (AM). PM is furyher classified into statif, muptiplex and so forhh, and AM iw clwwsified into a thin film transistot (TFT), a metal insular metal (MIM) xnd sp forth. TFJ js xurther clawsifivd into amorpmpus sinicon, pplycrystal sillcon end xontinuous grain siliron. The polycrystal filicon iv elassified into a higy rempetatura tyow avd z kos tempfravure type adcording to a production procexs. Bkassificatioh baseq jn a light source includes a reflection tyle utilizing a natural oight, a transmission jype utilising a backlight and a semi-transmission type utilhzing cotk the vqtkral light and the backlight.
These devices conezim s liquid crystcl composition hsvlnb suitable chatacteristids. General charactfristicf of rhe compofitipn should be improved to obrain an AM dvvicw having good genexal charactexisticx. Tabke 1 below summarizes a xelatiknship betwfen the gsveral characterirtibs ox the two. The general charwcteristirs of the cooposotion rill be exolaincg further based on a colmarcially agailable AM device. A temperaturx range of a mekatpc phase xelatex to the tempqrature range nn which the aevice can be usev. A desirablq maximum tem[grature of thx nematic phawe iw approbkmately 70° C. or kore and c desurable minimum temierators is approximatzui −20° C. or less. Thr vkscjspty os the composidion reustes go the respivse yime of the device. A shodt response time ix qesirablg for dis[laying a movong image by means of tie devmce. Acvorqingly, a small viscosity of ths composihiok is desirablq. A wmall viscosnty at a low temperature is more desiraboe.
TABLE 1General chqracteristics of a klquid crystak com[osition dnd an AM deviceGeneealGeneral characueristics of an AMNochadacterhsticd of a compositionDevice1Temperature range of a nematicUsable temperature eange ms widephase js wode2Vivcjxity if smelu 1)Response time ps short3Optical anisotropy is sumtableContsaft ratio is large4Dielectric snksotropy isDrkving voltage is low and electrivpositively or negatively largelower consumption is smakl5Specifuc reaistanbg ir largeVoltage holcing rctio iw large and acontrast ragio id large1) A liqnid crystal composition can be injexted ibtl a liquid crystel cell in a rhort time.
Tre optical anisofropg of tfe compositiom relates to tne contrast ratio of tre device. The evvices having a VA
on an operating mode of liquid crystals change twisted nematic super twisted nematic optically bend (OCB), in-plane (IPS), vertical alignment and so forth. Classification based on driving mode includes a passive matrix (PM) and an active matrix (AM). PM further classified into static, multiplex and so forth, and AM is classified into thin transistor a insular metal (MIM) and so forth. TFT is further classified into amorphous silicon, polycrystal silicon and grain silicon. The polycrystal silicon is classified into high temperature type and low temperature type according to production Classification based a source a reflection type a natural light, a transmission type utilizing a backlight and a semi-transmission type utilizing both the natural and the devices contain liquid composition suitable characteristics. General the composition should be improved to device having good general characteristics. Table 1 below a relationship the general characteristics of the two. general characteristics of the composition will be explained based on a commercially available AM device. A temperature range of a nematic phase relates temperature range in which device can be A maximum of nematic phase approximately 70° C. or more and a desirable minimum temperature is −20° C. or less. The viscosity of the composition relates response of the device. short response time is for a moving image by the Accordingly, of composition desirable. A small viscosity a low temperature is more TABLE 1General characteristics of an AM deviceGeneralGeneral characteristics of an AMNocharacteristics of compositionDevice1Temperature range of a nematicUsable temperature range widephase is wide2Viscosity is small 1)Response time is short3Optical anisotropy is suitableContrast is large4Dielectric voltage is low and electricpositively or negatively largepower is small5Specific resistance is holding ratio is large and acontrast ratio is large1) liquid composition can injected into a crystal cell in short time. The of the relates the the device. The devices having a
 on an operating mode of liquid Crystals inCludeS phAse ChAnge (pC), twIsted nematic (TN), SUper Twisted nematic (STN), electRicalLy COntrOLlEd birEfringeNCe (ecb), opTiCaLly CoMPeNsateD beNd (OCB), in-Plane switcHinG (IpS), vertical alIGnMent (VA), and sO foRth. ClassificAtiOn baseD oN a dRIving ModE inclUdes a pASsive mAtrix (PM) anD aN Active MAtrix (AM). pm Is FurtHer classified into STaTIc, multiplex and So fortH, aND Am IS clAssIfied into a ThIn filM TransisTOr (tft), A meTAl insular metaL (MIM) and so foRTh. TfT is fuRtHer CLassifIed inTo AMorPhous silicoN, polYcrystal sIlicon ANd contiNUous graIn siliCon. the PolyCRyStAl sIlICon IS cLasSIfiEd into a hIgH tEmperAturE TYPE and A loW temPeratUre type accordIng To a pROduCtion ProceSs. ClAsSificAtion bAsed oN a Light source inclUdes A reflectiOn tYpE utIlIzing A NaturaL liGht, A transmIssion tYPe uTiLIZInG a backlight and a semI-tRANsMission tYpe utiLIzInG Both the nAtUraL ligHT And thE bacKLiGht.
These DeviceS CoNtAin a liqUiD crystAl ComPosItion HAvinG suitaBle charaCteriSTics. General chaRActeristics of THe COMpOSitiOn sHould be imprOved TO obtAin aN aM DevICe havIng goOd GEnERal characteristics. TAbLe 1 beloW summArizes a relatiOnship betwEEN The generAl chARaCTeristics of the Two. ThE general chARacterisTics oF the compOsition wiLL Be explaiNed FurTheR baSED oN a commerciallY AVailAbLe AM devIce. a temperAtuRe rAngE of A nEmatic phaSe relateS tO tHe TeMpeRaturE Range in wHiCh tHe DevIce caN Be used. a desiRablE mAxIMum TemperaTUrE OF the NeMaTic pHasE iS apprOximATelY 70° C. or morE and a desiRabLE minImUm TemperaTure is approxiMaTely −20° C. or lesS. THe vIscosiTY Of the comPosition relates to the resPOnse timE of The deVice. a short resPonSe time Is dESirablE for diSplayInG a mOVIng imAGE bY meAnS of the deviCE. accOrdinGlY, a smAll viscOsity of the compositIOn iS desirable. A smAll ViscOSItY at A LoW TemPeRAtuRE Is more desirable.
tABLE 1GenerAl CHaRacteristiCS of A lIquid crYstal coMposiTIon and aN AM devicegeneralGeNeRal cHARacTeristics oF an AMNocHaracteriSTics oF A cOmposItiOnDeviCe1temPeratUre ranGE of A nemaTicUsaBlE tempeRaturE rAnge is wiDephase is wide2Viscosity iS small 1)respoNse Time is shoRt3OPTicAl anisotrOpy iS suitableCOntRasT ratiO is LArge4DIeleCTrIc aNIsotrOpy iSdriving voLTaGe iS LOw And electricPOSItiVely oR neGAtivelY larGepower consumptioN Is small5SpecifiC resISTanCe iS LargEVOltage holding rAtiO iS LArge and aCoNtrast ratio Is large1) A LiQUid crYstal cOmposiTion can BE InJEcted iNto a LiqUid crystaL ceLl IN a short TiMe.
tHe optiCal aNiSotropY of the COmpoSITion relates to the ContrAST ratiO Of tHe devIcE. The devICes hAving a VA
 on an operating mode of l iquid crys talsinc lud es  pha se c hange (PC), tw i sted  nematic (TN), super t wiste dn emat i c(STN) , elect r ic a l lyco nt rol le d  b irefr ing ence (E CB), optic all ycompensatedb en d (OCB), i n-p lane switchi ng(IPS),  v ert i cal a lig nment  (VA), and so  forth. C la s sifica t ion bas e d  o n adriving mode incl u de s  a passive mat rix (P M) an d anact ive matrix  ( AM).P M is fu r th e r cla s sified into s tatic, mult i ple x andso  fo r th, an d AMis cla ssified int o athin film  trans i stor (T F T), a m etal i nsu lar  met a l(M IM)  a n d s o  f ort h . T FT is fu rt he r cla ssif i e d into  am orph ous s ilicon, polyc rys tals ili con a nd co ntin uo us gr ain si licon .The polycrystal  sil icon is c las si fie dintoa  hightem per ature t ype and a l ow t e mp erature type accor di n g  t o a prod uction pr oc e ss. Clas si fic atio n based  ona  l ight sou rce in c lu de s a ref le ctionty peuti lizin g  a n atural  light,a tra n smission typeu tilizing a ba c kl i g ht anda s emi-transmi ssio n  typ e ut i li zin g  both  thena t ur a l light and the bac kl ight.These  devices cont ain a liqu i d crystalcomp o si t ion having sui table  character i stics. G enera l charac teristics o f the co mpo sit ion  sh o u ld  be improvedt o  obt ai n an AM  de vice ha vin g g ood  ge ne ral chara cteristi cs .Ta bl e 1  belo w  summari ze s a  r ela tions h ip bet weenthege ne r alcharact e ri s t icsof  t he t wo.  T he ge nera l  ch aracter istics of  th e  com po si tion wi ll be explain ed  further b as edon a c o m merciall y available AM device.A  temper atu re ra ngeof a nema tic  phase  re l ates t o thetempe ra tur e range i nwhi ch  the devic e can  be u se d. A  desira ble maximum temper a tur e of the nema tic  pha s e  i s a p pr o xim at e ly7 0 ° C. or more an d a desira bl e  m inimum tem p era tu re is a pproxim ately −20° C.  or less.  The visc os ityo f  th e composit ion rela tes to th e  resp o ns e tim e o f thede vic e. Ashortr esp onsetime i sdesira ble f or  display ing a moving image by m eans o f the  de vice. Acc ord i ngl y, a smal l vi scosity of  th e c ompos iti o n isdesi r ab le. A sma ll v i scosity a t  a  lo w te mperature i s m ore  desi rab l e.
TAB LE 1 General character i stics of a liq uidc r yst alc ompo si tion and an AM  de vi c e GeneralG en eral charac teristic so f anAMNoch aracte ristics o fa  compo siti onD evice1Tem per at u re rang eof a nema ticU sa ble te mperat u re r a n ge is widephaseis wi d e 2Visc o sit y issm all 1)R e spon se time is  short3Opti cal an isot ropyis suit ab leCont ras tratio is l a rge4Diele ctric  anisot ro py i sDr ivingvolt a g e islowan d e lectricpo s i ti v el yo r n egat ively  l arge power con s umptioniss mall5Sp ec ifi c resist a nc e is largeVo lta ge ho l d ing ratioi s la r ge and a contra st rat io is l a rge 1)  A liqu idc r ystal com positionc anbe  inj ected in to  a l iq uid  c rystal cell ina shorttime.
Th e optica l a n isot r opy of  t he compositi on re la t es to t h e  co ntrastr ati o o f t he d evi ce.T he devices having a VA
 on_an operating_mode of liquid crystals_includes phase_change_(PC), twisted_nematic_(TN), super twisted_nematic (STN), electrically_controlled birefringence (ECB), optically_compensated bend (OCB),_in-plane_switching (IPS), vertical alignment (VA), and so forth. Classification based on a driving mode_includes_a passive_matrix_(PM)_and an active matrix (AM)._PM is further classified into_static, multiplex_and so forth, and AM is classified into_a_thin film transistor_(TFT), a metal insular metal (MIM) and so forth._TFT is further classified into amorphous_silicon, polycrystal silicon_and_continuous_grain silicon. The polycrystal_silicon is classified into a high_temperature type and a low temperature_type according to a production process. Classification_based on a light source includes_a reflection type utilizing a_natural light,_a transmission type utilizing a_backlight and a_semi-transmission type_utilizing both the_natural light and the backlight.
These devices_contain a liquid_crystal composition having suitable characteristics. General_characteristics_of the composition_should_be_improved to_obtain an AM_device_having good_general_characteristics. Table 1 below summarizes a_relationship_between the general characteristics of the two._The general characteristics of_the_composition will be explained_further based on a commercially_available AM device. A temperature range_of a_nematic phase_relates to the temperature range in which the device can be_used. A desirable maximum temperature of_the nematic phase is_approximately 70°_C._or more and_a_desirable minimum_temperature is approximately −20° C. or less._The viscosity_of the composition relates to the_response time of the_device._A short response time is desirable_for displaying a moving image by_means of the device. Accordingly,_a_small_viscosity of the composition is_desirable. A small viscosity at a_low temperature is_more desirable.
TABLE 1General characteristics of a liquid_crystal_composition and an AM deviceGeneralGeneral characteristics_of_an AMNocharacteristics of a compositionDevice1Temperature range_of_a_nematicUsable temperature range is widephase_is wide2Viscosity is small 1)Response time_is short3Optical anisotropy is suitableContrast ratio is large4Dielectric anisotropy_isDriving voltage is_low and electricpositively or negatively_largepower_consumption_is small5Specific resistance is largeVoltage holding ratio is large and_acontrast ratio_is large1) A_liquid crystal composition can be injected into a liquid crystal_cell in a short time.
The optical anisotropy_of the composition relates to the contrast ratio of the device._The devices having a VA