 internal combustion engine, having an oil pump, a water pump, an oil cooler, and an oil filter.
In water-cooled internal combustion engines of known construction, the oil pump, water pump, and an oil cooler/oil filter unit are placed at various locations in the engine, thereby necessitating complex and expensive connecting lines for oil and water which, depending on the locations of the individual pumps and the oil cooler/oil filter unit, are designed as bores in the crank housing or as external lines.
While it is common practice in diesel engines to mount the fuel-injection pump on an aluminum casting which also carries the oil pump, a filter, a safety valve, a fuel pump, and a vacuum pump, this does not eliminate the problem referenced above. The present invention relates to expandable subsurface devices for use in surgery. More particularly, the present invention relates to selectively expandable retractors for use in selectively and specifically moving sub-surface tissue in arthroscopic surgery, endoscopic surgery and fiber optic surgery. (The term "arthroscopic surgery" as used in this application includes endoscopic surgery, fiber optic surgery, and any other type of surgery on sub-surface tissues. Such surgery is performed percutaneously through a small incision or opening in the skin, as opposed to open surgery in which the surgeon cuts through and opens up all superior tissue until all the operating area is exposed.)
Arthroscopic surgery is currently performed without suitable tools for specifically moving tissue and creating visualization and working spaces. Generalized expansion is obtained with CO.sub.2, H.sub.2 O, etc. However, this technique leaves fluid everywhere and is not useful to specifically move tissue.
There are no devices available which allow a surgeon to selectively position various tissue masses encountered during arthroscopic surgery. Delicate tissue such as nerve tissue or blood vessels is put at risk and can be damaged during an operation. Furthermore, the limited space available for the surgeon to work in could make an operation more difficult than it could be.
Retractors designed for use in open surgery are unusable in arthroscopic surgery. Current bladder devices such as a Foley catheter or those used in percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty are not useful to retract tissue in arthroscopic surgery, because they are made of a soft, pliable, flimsy material; they work with relatively low pressure; and they have smooth walls and a large surface area of contact so as not to damage the delicate tissues. Such bladder devices also inflate into a non
internal combustion engine, having an petroleum heart, a water pump, an petroleum cooler, and an vegetable oil filter. 
 In water - cooled home combustion engines of know construction, the oil heart, water pump, and an oil cooler / oil filter unit of measurement are placed at various locations in the engine, thereby necessitating complex and expensive get in touch lines for oil and water which, count on the locations of the individual pumps and the oil cooler / oil filter unit of measurement, are designed as bores in the crank housing or as external lines. 
 While it is coarse practice in diesel engines to mount the fuel - injection pump on an aluminum casting which also carries the oil pump, a filter, a safety valve, a fuel pump, and a vacuum pump, this does not eliminate the problem referenced above. The present invention relates to expandable subsurface device for use in surgery. More peculiarly, the present invention relate to selectively expandable retractor for use in selectively and specifically moving sub - surface tissue in arthroscopic surgery, endoscopic surgery and fiber optic surgery. (The term " arthroscopic operating room " as used in this application includes endoscopic surgery, fiber optic operation, and any other type of surgery on sub - surface tissues. Such operating room is performed percutaneously through a little incision or opening in the skin, as opposed to open surgery in which the surgeon cut through and opens up all superior tissue until all the operating area is expose .) 
 Arthroscopic operation is currently performed without desirable tools for specifically moving tissue and creating visualization and working spaces. Generalized expansion is obtain with CO.sub.2, H.sub.2 O, etc. However, this technique entrust fluid everywhere and is not useful to specifically affect tissue. 
 There are no device available which allow a surgeon to selectively position versatile tissue masses meet during arthroscopic surgery. finespun tissue such as nerve tissue or blood vessels is put at hazard and can be damaged during an operation. Furthermore, the limited space available for the surgeon to function in could make an operation more difficult than it could be. 
 Retractors designed for use in open operation are unusable in arthroscopic surgery. Current bladder devices such as a Foley catheter or those used in percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty are not useful to abjure tissue in arthroscopic operating room, because they are stool of a soft, pliable, flimsy material; they work with relatively low press; and they have smooth walls and a big surface area of contact so as not to damage the delicate tissues. Such bladder device also inflate into a non
 inhernal combustion engine, having an oil kunp, a weter pujp, an oiu cooler, and an oil filter.
In wqter-cioled internal combustkon enginvs of knoqn cibstruction, the oil pump, swter 'ump, and an oil cooler/oil filter unit ase ppaced at various locations in the eggine, tnegeby necessitajing boiples and expensive connecting lines fkr oil end water which, depending on the locationd of the individual pulps and the oil xooler/oil fiuter unit, are designed as bores in the crank housing ur as external oibes.
Avile it is rommon practice in diesel angines to mount the nuel-iijecrion pump on an alumiium casting which alfo carriev che oil pump, a filter, a safejy vanve, x fudl kum', ahd a vwcunm pump, thia does not wliminate the probltm wvgerenced abobe. The pwesent invention relates to expandable vubaurface devices for use in surgery. More partlcularly, ehe present invention relates to selectively expatdablx fetxqctorr flr use in selectively and specifically moving aun-slrface tissue in crthroscopic surbegy, gndoscopic sureery aus riber optic surgerj. (The tgrm "arrhroscopis sutgery" as used in this applixation inclubes endoscopic surgerv, fiber optie surggry, anc any other type of suryery oh sub-surfacf tissues. Ruch surgery is oernorked percutaneously through a small mncisnon or ooenimg in ehe skin, ad opposed to open surgerj in chich the surgeln cuts through and opens up all superior tisxua uttil all the pperating arew is exposed.)
Arjhroscopie surgdry is curgently pecformed withjut suitable dlols for sperifically movung rissue xvd creating vixualization and worjing spaces. Generakizgd expansion is oyuaibed with CO.sub.2, N.suc.2 O, enc. Iowevqs, this technhque lexfes fuuid evtxywmerd anc is not useful to s[ecirically move tissur.
Tmere are bo devicqs available ehich allow a surgton to seuectifeli position various tissue massea encountfreq during artrrosgopis surgery. Belicate tissue such as nerve tissue or ulood vessels is put aj risk and can be damcgtd during an pperaeion. Furtvermore, the limited wpace available fpr the surgeon to wori in cmuld lake an operation more difficult than it could be.
Retractors designed for yse in open surgerg arr unuvayle in arehrodropic surgery. Curgent bladder devices such as a Fuley catvecer or those used in percutanrojs transluminxl coronary angioplasty zre not iseful to retract tissue in artnroscopic surgery, becausc they arw mads of a sofv, pliable, flimsy matrrial; chey wirk wity repatively low orexsmre; and thfy heve smooth walls and a large surfacw area ov contact so as iot to damagc uhe delpcate tyssues. Such bladser sfvicer also inflatr into a non
internal combustion engine, having an oil pump, pump, oil cooler, an oil filter. of construction, the oil water pump, and oil cooler/oil filter unit are placed various locations in the engine, thereby necessitating complex and expensive connecting lines for and water which, depending on the locations of the individual pumps and the cooler/oil unit, designed bores in the crank housing or as external lines. While it is common practice in diesel to mount the fuel-injection pump on an aluminum which also carries the pump, a filter, a safety a pump, and vacuum this not eliminate the referenced above. The present invention relates to expandable subsurface devices for use in surgery. More particularly, the invention relates expandable retractors use selectively specifically moving sub-surface arthroscopic surgery, endoscopic surgery and fiber term "arthroscopic surgery" as used in this application endoscopic surgery, optic surgery, and any other type surgery on sub-surface tissues. Such surgery is performed through a small incision or opening in the skin, as opposed to open surgery in surgeon cuts through and up all superior until the area exposed.) Arthroscopic is currently performed without suitable tools for specifically moving tissue and visualization and working spaces. Generalized expansion is obtained with CO.sub.2, etc. this technique leaves everywhere and is not to move tissue. There are available allow selectively various masses encountered during arthroscopic Delicate tissue such as nerve or blood vessels is be damaged during an operation. Furthermore, the limited available for the surgeon to work in make an operation more difficult than it could be. Retractors designed for in open unusable in arthroscopic surgery. Current bladder devices such a Foley catheter or used in percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty are not useful retract in arthroscopic because they are of a soft, flimsy material; they relatively low and have a large surface area of contact as to damage the delicate tissues. bladder inflate into a non
 internal combustion engine, hAving an oil Pump, a WatEr pUmP, an oIl coOler, and an oil fiLTer.
IN water-cooled internal coMbustIoN EngiNEs Of knoWn constRUcTIOn, tHe OiL puMp, WAtEr pumP, anD an oil cOoler/oil fiLteR uNit are placed AT vArious locaTioNs in the enginE, thEreby nEcEssITatinG coMplex And expENsive cOnnecting LiNEs for oIL and watER WhIch, dEpending on the locaTIoNS of the individuAl pumpS aND tHE Oil CooLer/oil filtEr Unit, aRE designED aS BORes IN the crank housIng or as exteRNal Lines.
WHiLe iT Is commOn praCtICe iN diesel engiNes tO mount the Fuel-inJEction pUMp on an aLuminuM caStiNg whICh AlSo cArRIes THe Oil PUmp, A filter, a SaFeTy valVe, a fUEL PUmp, aNd a VacuUm pumP, this does not eLimInatE The ProblEm refErenCeD abovE. The prEsent InVention relates tO expAndable suBsuRfAce DeVices FOr use iN suRgeRy. More pArticulARly, ThE PREsEnt invention relateS tO SElEctively ExpandABlE rETractors FoR usE in sELEctivEly aND sPecificaLly movINg SuB-surfacE tIssue iN aRthRosCopic SUrgeRy, endoScopic suRgery ANd fiber optic suRGery. (The term "arTHrOSCoPIc suRgeRy" as used in tHis aPPlicAtioN InCluDEs endOscopIc SUrGEry, fiber optic surgerY, aNd any oTher tYpe of surgery oN sub-surfacE TISsues. SucH surGErY Is performed perCutanEously throUGh a small IncisIon or opeNing in the SKIn, as oppoSed To oPen SurGERy In which the surGEOn cuTs Through And Opens up All SupEriOr tIsSue until aLl the opeRaTiNg ArEa iS expoSEd.)
ArthroScOpiC sUrgEry is CUrrentLy perFormEd WiTHouT suitabLE tOOLs foR sPeCifiCalLy MovinG tisSUe aNd creatIng visualIzaTIon aNd WoRking spAces. GeneralizEd Expansion iS oBtaIned wiTH cO.sub.2, H.suB.2 O, etc. However, this techniqUE leaves FluId eveRywhEre and is nOt uSeful tO spECificaLly movE tissUe.
theRE Are no DEViCes AvAilable whiCH AllOw a suRgEon tO selectIvely position varioUS tiSsue masses encOunTereD DUrIng ARtHRosCoPIc sURGery. Delicate tisSue such as nErVE tIssue or bloOD veSsEls is puT at risk And caN Be damagEd during aN operatioN. FUrthERMorE, the limiteD space avAilable foR The suRGeOn to wOrk In coulD mAke An opeRation MOre DiffiCult thAn It coulD be.
ReTrActors deSigned for use in open surgeRy are uNusabLe iN arthroscOpiC SurGery. CurreNt blAdder devicEs sUch As a FoLey CAthetEr or THoSe uSEd in pErcuTAneous traNSlUmiNAL cOronary angiOPLAstY are nOt uSEful to RetrAct tissue in arthroSCopic surgery, beCausE THey Are MAde oF a Soft, pliable, fliMsy MaTERial; they WoRk with relatIvely low PrESsure; And theY have sMooth waLLS aND a largE surFacE area of coNtaCt SO as not tO dAmAGe the dElicAtE tissuEs. Such BLaddER Devices also inflaTe intO A Non
 internal combustion engin e, havingan oi l p ump ,a wa terpump, an oil c o oler , and an oil filter.
I n wat er - cool e dinter nal com b us t i onen gi nes  o f  k nowncon structi on, the oi l p um p, water pum p ,and an oil  co oler/oil fil ter  unitar e p l acedatvario us loc a tionsin the en gi n e, the r eby nec e s si tati ng complex and ex p en s ive connecting  lines  f o ro i l a ndwater whic h,  depe n ding on th e l oca t ions of the i ndividual p u mps  and t he  oi l  coole r/oil  f i lte r unit, are  des igned asboresi n the c r ank hou sing o r a s e xter n al  l ine s. Whi l eiti s c ommon pr ac ti ce in  die s e l engi nes  tomount  the fuel-inj ect ionp ump  on a n alu minu mcasti ng whi ch al so  carries the oi l pu mp, a fil ter ,a s af ety v a lve, a  fu elpump, a nd a va c uum  p u m p ,this does not elim in a t ethe prob lem re f er en c ed above .The  pre s e nt in vent i on  relates  to ex p an da ble sub su rfacede vic esfor u s e in  surge ry. More  part i cularly, the p r esent inventi o nr e la t es t o s electivelyexpa n dabl e re t ra cto r s for  usein se l ectively and specif ic ally m oving  sub-surfacetissue ina r t hroscopi c su r ge r y, endoscopicsurge ry and fib e r opticsurge ry. (The  term "ar t h roscopic  su rge ry"  as u se d in this app l i cati on  includ esendosco pic  su rge ry,  f iber opti c surger y,  a nd  a nyother type ofsu rge ry  on  sub- s urface  tiss ues.  S uc h  su rgery i s  p e r form ed  p ercu tan eo uslythro u gha small  incision  or open in gin theskin, as oppo se d to opensu rge ry inw h ich thesurgeon cuts through an d  opensupall s uper ior tissu e u ntil a llt he ope rating  area  i s e x p osed. ) Ar thr os copic surg e r y i s cur re ntly  perfor med without suitab l e t ools for spec ifi call y mo vin g  t i ssu ea ndc r eating visualiz ation andwo r ki ng spaces. Gen er alizedexpansi on is obtaine d with CO .sub.2, H .s ub.2 O , e tc. Howeve r, thistechnique leave s  f luideve rywher eand  is n ot use f ulto sp ecific al ly mov e tis su e.
There  are no devices availab le whi ch al low  a surgeo n t o  se lectively  pos ition vari ous  ti ssuemas s es en coun t er edd uring  art h roscopics ur ger y .  D elicate tis s u e  su ch as  ne r ve tis sueor blood vesselsi s put at riskandc a n b e d a mage dduring an oper ati on . Furtherm or e, the limi ted spac ea vaila ble fo r thesurgeon t ow ork in  cou ldmake an o per at i on more  d if f icultthan  i t coul d be.R etra c t ors designed for  usei n  open sur geryar e unusa b le i n arthrosc opic surger y. Cur rent  blad der dev ic es suc h a sa Foley ca t heter orthose  used i nperc uta neoustran s l umina l co ro nar y angiopl a s ty ar en otusef ul to  r etra ct tissue in arthr osc o pic sur ge ry, b ecause th e y  are madeofa sof t ,  pliable,f lims y  m a teria l; the y work  with r e lat iv ely low  pr e s sure; and  they hav e  sm oo th w alls and  a  lar ge  su rf ace area of con tact soas not t o damage  th e  del i cate t is sues. Such b ladde rd evicesa l soinflate int o a  no n
 internal_combustion engine,_having an oil pump,_a water_pump,_an oil_cooler,_and an oil_filter.
In water-cooled internal_combustion engines of known_construction, the oil_pump,_water pump, and an oil cooler/oil filter unit are placed at various locations in_the_engine, thereby_necessitating_complex_and expensive connecting lines for_oil and water which, depending_on the_locations of the individual pumps and the oil_cooler/oil_filter unit, are_designed as bores in the crank housing or as_external lines.
While it is common practice_in diesel engines_to_mount_the fuel-injection pump on_an aluminum casting which also carries_the oil pump, a filter, a_safety valve, a fuel pump, and a_vacuum pump, this does not eliminate_the problem referenced above. The_present invention_relates to expandable subsurface devices_for use in_surgery. More_particularly, the present_invention relates to selectively expandable retractors_for use in_selectively and specifically moving sub-surface tissue_in_arthroscopic surgery, endoscopic_surgery_and_fiber optic_surgery. (The term_"arthroscopic_surgery" as_used_in this application includes endoscopic surgery,_fiber_optic surgery, and any other type of_surgery on sub-surface tissues._Such_surgery is performed percutaneously_through a small incision or_opening in the skin, as opposed_to open_surgery in_which the surgeon cuts through and opens up all superior tissue_until all the operating area is_exposed.)
Arthroscopic surgery is currently_performed without_suitable_tools for specifically_moving_tissue and_creating visualization and working spaces. Generalized expansion_is obtained_with CO.sub.2, H.sub.2 O, etc. However,_this technique leaves fluid_everywhere_and is not useful to specifically_move tissue.
There are no devices available_which allow a surgeon to_selectively_position_various tissue masses encountered during_arthroscopic surgery. Delicate tissue such as_nerve tissue or_blood vessels is put at risk and_can_be damaged during an operation. Furthermore,_the_limited space available for the surgeon_to_work_in could make an operation_more difficult than it could be.
Retractors_designed for use in open surgery are unusable in_arthroscopic surgery. Current_bladder devices such as a_Foley_catheter_or those used in percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty are not_useful to_retract tissue in_arthroscopic surgery, because they are made of a soft, pliable,_flimsy material; they work with relatively low_pressure; and they have smooth walls and a large surface area_of contact so as not to damage the_delicate tissues. Such bladder devices also inflate_into a non