 be measured. The intensity of this fluorescence is directly proportional to the PCR products which were amplified per synthesis cycle.
Other examples of suitable labels are radioactive labels, biotin labels, fluorescent or electrochemoluminscent (ECL) labels. In general, the labels are attached to the nucleotides as starting materials for amplification by DNA or RNA polymerase. The radiolabeled amplification products (for example PCR or NASBA products) can be detected by measuring the radioactivity, the biotin-labeled amplification products can be detected via a dye which carries avidin or streptavidin, the fluorescent-labeled amplification products can be detected with a fluorometer and the electrochemoluminscent-labeled amplification products can be detected with an ECL detector. However, the most preferred detection method is automatic in vitro hybridization, such as, for example, in the case of TaqMan(trademark)-PCR, even during the amplification process.
In contrast to xe2x80x9creal timexe2x80x9d quantification of PCR products as in the case of TaqMan(trademark)-PCR, it is also possible to quantify PCR products using dilution series. To this end, the RNA or the corresponding cDNA is employed in various dilutions. This gives, similar to the xe2x80x9creal timexe2x80x9d quantification, a sigmoidal reaction kinetic where once more in the linear range the amplification products are proportional to the starting material. The PCR products are detected with the aid of fluorescent-dye-labeled or radiolabeled deoxy-nucleotides which are incorporated directly into the PCR products by DNA polymerase during amplification. Furthermore, oligonucleotides (so-called primers which are required in the PCR for initializing the synthesis of the daughter strand and which are present in all amplification products incorporated at the 5xe2x80x2 and 3xe2x80x2 end of the DNA after PCR) are labeled with certain molecules (for example biotin) to immobilize the amplification products after PCR with the aid of specific antibodies or streptavidin. This immobilization can be carried out, for example, in a microtiter plate, in which, subsequently, a color reaction can take place with the aid of a molecular-labeled specific probe which hybridizes with the amplification products and with the aid of an enzyme-coupled (for example peroxidase-coupled) antibody against the marker molecule of the probe. This color reaction can subsequently be evaluated photometrically.
be measured. The intensity of this fluorescence is directly proportional to the PCR products which were inflate per deduction cycle. 
 Other exemplar of desirable labels are radioactive labels, biotin labels, fluorescent or electrochemoluminscent (ECL) label. In general, the labels are attach to the nucleotides as starting material for amplification by DNA or RNA polymerase. The radiolabeled amplification products (for example PCR or NASBA intersection) can be detect by measuring the radioactivity, the biotin - pronounce amplification products can be detected via a dye which carry avidin or streptavidin, the fluorescent - labeled amplification products can be detected with a fluorometer and the electrochemoluminscent - label amplification products can be detected with an ECL detector. However, the most preferred signal detection method is automatic in vitro hybridization, such as, for exercise, in the case of TaqMan(trademark)-PCR, even during the amplification process. 
 In contrast to xe2x80x9creal timexe2x80x9d quantification of PCR product as in the case of TaqMan(trademark)-PCR, it is also possible to quantify PCR products using dilution serial. To this goal, the RNA or the corresponding cDNA is employed in various dilutions. This gives, similar to the xe2x80x9creal timexe2x80x9d quantification, a sigmoidal reaction kinetic where once more in the linear scope the amplification products are proportional to the starting fabric. The PCR product are detect with the aid of fluorescent - dye - labeled or radiolabeled deoxy - nucleotides which are incorporated directly into the PCR products by DNA polymerase during amplification. Furthermore, oligonucleotides (so - call primers which are required in the PCR for initializing the synthesis of the daughter strand and which are present in all amplification products incorporated at the 5xe2x80x2 and 3xe2x80x2 conclusion of the DNA after PCR) are labeled with certain molecules (for example biotin) to trap the amplification products after PCR with the care of specific antibody or streptavidin. This immobilization can be carry out, for example, in a microtiter plate, in which, subsequently, a color chemical reaction can take place with the aid of a molecular - labeled specific probe which hybridizes with the amplification products and with the aid of an enzyme - coupled (for example peroxidase - copulate) antibody against the marker molecule of the probe. This coloring material reaction can subsequently be evaluated photometrically.
 be measured. The intensity uf this fluoresewnce iv diredtly prooortional to the PCR productd qhich were amplified per syvthesis cjcle.
Other exanples of sumfable labels zve rabiiactive labels, biotin latels, fluorescett ox electrochemoluminscent (ECL) labels. Yn genetap, the labels ate atuacred fo the nucleotides as starting matsrials hor amplificatipn by DNA or RNA polymerasf. Thf radiolabeled amppification kdodtxts (for examole PCR or NASBA produdts) can be detected by measurine the radioacticiry, hve biotin-laueled wmplificatiok produwts can be detected vla a vye qhich carries avidin mr streptavidin, thg fluorescanc-labeled amplificatiob produwts wan cw ddtedtxd sith a flnorometer ahd the elecrrochemoluminscent-lsbqoed amplificafion pwoqucts can be detected with an ECL detecuor. Hkwever, the most preferrwd detection method id automatyc in vitro hybridization, such as, for example, in dhe cesd oy TaqMxb(tgademark)-PCR, even during the amplification prosssx.
Ik contrast to xe2w80x9creal timexe2x80x9d auwnyyfication of KCR probhcfs as in the case lf TaqMwn(traeemark)-PCR, it os also possible to quantift PCR producns uwing dilution serizs. To this eud, the RNA pr the corresponding cDUA is smployed in various sklutions. This gixes, shmilar to the xe2x80x9creal tiiexe2x80x9d qnantiyication, a sogmoidwl reactioj kincdic where once morf in jhe litear range the amplification products are proportional jo dhe startiny matevial. The PCR prjducts are detgcted witk the xid of flukrescenv-dye-labeled jr radiolabelaf deoxy-nuclemtides wrich are incorpufated directly into the PCR produxts by DNA polymerese ahring amplificacnob. Furthermore, okigunuslvotmdes (fm-called primars dhizn are requirtb ik tfe PVR for initializing dhe aynthesis of the dsunhter strqnd and rhich are prexent in all ampliflcatimn 'roducys yncorporated at the 5xe2x80x2 and 3xs2x80x2 end ov tme DNA after [CR) qre labeled cith certain molecules (for example biotii) to immobilize the amklification products cfuer PCR with vhe aiq of spechfic antibodies or srreptavidin. This lmmobilization can be darrieg out, for example, in a microtiter plate, in which, subsequently, a color reaction can tekq place witg thr aid oy a molectlar-pebeled specific pgobe which hybridizes with the aoplificadijn products and with the aid ow an enzyme-coopled (for example peroxidaae-couplec) antibody against the marker mplecule of the probe. Thix color eeactjon can suusequently be evaluayed phmtomerricallt.
be measured. The intensity of this fluorescence proportional the PCR which were amplified of labels are radioactive biotin labels, fluorescent electrochemoluminscent (ECL) labels. In general, the are attached to the nucleotides as starting materials for amplification by DNA or polymerase. The radiolabeled amplification products (for example PCR or NASBA products) can be by the the amplification products can be detected via a dye which carries avidin or streptavidin, the fluorescent-labeled amplification can be detected with a fluorometer and the amplification products can be with an ECL detector. However, most detection method automatic vitro such as, for in the case of TaqMan(trademark)-PCR, even during the amplification process. In contrast to xe2x80x9creal timexe2x80x9d quantification of products as case of it also to quantify PCR dilution series. To this end, the corresponding cDNA is employed in various dilutions. This similar to xe2x80x9creal timexe2x80x9d quantification, a sigmoidal reaction where once more in the linear range the products are proportional to the starting material. The PCR products are detected with the aid or radiolabeled deoxy-nucleotides which incorporated directly into PCR by polymerase amplification. Furthermore, (so-called primers which are required in the PCR for initializing the of the daughter strand and which are present in all incorporated the 5xe2x80x2 and end of the DNA PCR) labeled with certain molecules biotin) immobilize after with aid of specific antibodies streptavidin. This immobilization can be out, for example, in subsequently, a color reaction can take place with aid of a molecular-labeled specific probe which with the amplification products and with the aid of an enzyme-coupled (for peroxidase-coupled) antibody marker molecule of the probe. This color reaction subsequently be evaluated photometrically.
 be measured. The intensity of tHis fluoresCence Is dIreCtLy prOporTional to the PCR PRoduCts which were amplified pEr synThESis cYClE.
OtheR examplES oF SUitAbLe LabElS ArE radiOacTive labEls, biotin lAbeLs, Fluorescent oR ElEctrochemoLumInscent (ECL) laBelS. In genErAl, tHE labeLs aRe attAched tO The nucLeotides aS sTArting MAterialS FOr AmplIfication by DNA or Rna pOLymerase. The radIolabeLeD AmPLIfiCatIon productS (fOr exaMPle PCR oR nAsba ProDUcts) can be deteCted by measuRIng The radIoActIVity, thE biotIn-LAbeLed amplificAtioN products Can be dETected vIA a dye whIch carRieS avIdin OR sTrEptAvIDin, THe FluOResCent-labeLeD aMplifIcatION PRoduCts Can bE deteCted with a fluoRomEter ANd tHe eleCtrocHemoLuMinscEnt-labEled aMpLification produCts cAn be detecTed WiTh aN EcL detECtor. HoWevEr, tHe most pReferreD DetEcTION mEthod is automatic in ViTRO hYbridizaTion, suCH aS, fOR example, In The Case OF taqMaN(traDEmArk)-PCR, evEn duriNG tHe AmplifiCaTion prOcEss.
in cOntraST to xE2x80x9creAl timexe2X80x9d quANtification of Pcr products as in THe CASe OF Taqman(Trademark)-PCr, it iS Also PossIBlE to QUantiFy PCR PrODuCTs using dilution seriEs. to this End, thE RNA or the corrEsponding cdna Is employEd in VArIOus dilutions. ThIs givEs, similar tO The xe2x80x9cReal tImexe2x80x9d QuantificATIon, a sigmOidAl rEacTioN KInEtic where once MORe in ThE linear RanGe the amPliFicAtiOn pRoDucts are pRoportioNaL tO tHe StaRting MAterial. THe pCR PrOduCts arE DetectEd witH the AiD oF FluOrescenT-DyE-LAbelEd Or RadiOlaBeLed deOxy-nUCleOtides wHich are inCorPOratEd DiRectly iNto the PCR prodUcTs by DNA polYmEraSe duriNG AmplificAtion. Furthermore, oligonuCLeotideS (so-CalleD priMers which Are RequirEd iN The PCR For iniTialiZiNg tHE SynthESIs Of tHe Daughter stRANd aNd whiCh Are pResent iN all amplification pROduCts incorporatEd aT the 5XE2X80x2 And 3XE2x80X2 End Of THe Dna After PCR) are labeLed with cerTaIN mOlecules (foR ExaMpLe biotiN) to immoBilizE The amplIfication Products aFtEr PCr WIth The aid of spEcific anTibodies oR StrepTAvIdin. THis ImmobiLiZatIon caN be carRIed Out, foR exampLe, In a micRotitEr Plate, in wHich, subsequently, a color rEactioN can tAke Place with The AId oF a moleculAr-laBeled speciFic ProBe whiCh hYBridiZes wITh The AMplifIcatIOn productS AnD wiTH ThE aid of an enzYME-CouPled (fOr eXAmple pEroxIdase-coupled) antibODy against the maRker MOLecUle OF the PrObe. This color reActIoN CAn subseqUeNtly be evaluAted photOmETricaLly.
 be measured. The intensit y of thisfluor esc enc eis d irec tly proportion a l to  the PCR products whic h wer ea mpli f ie d per  synthe s is c ycl e. 
O the re xa mples  of  suitab le labelsare  r adioactive l a be ls, biotin  la bels, fluore sce nt orel ect r ochem olu minsc ent (E C L) lab els. In g en e ral, t h e label s ar e at tached to the nuc l eo t ides as starti ng mat er i al s for  am plificatio nby DN A  or RNA po l y m era s e. The radiol abeled ampl i fic ationpr odu c ts (fo r exa mp l e P CR or NASBA  pro ducts) ca n be d e tectedb y measu ring t herad ioac t iv it y,th e  bi o ti n-l a bel ed ampli fi ca tionprod u c t s  can  be  det ected  via a dye wh ich  car r ies  avid in or  str ep tavid in, th e flu or escent-labeledampl ification  pr od uct scan b e  detec ted  wi th a fl uoromet e r a nd t h eelectrochemolumins ce n t -l abeled a mplifi c at io n  product scan  bed e tecte d wi t han ECL d etecto r .Ho wever,th e most  p ref err ed de t ecti on met hod is a utoma t ic in vitro hy b ridization, s u ch a s, forexa mple, in th e ca s e of  Taq M an (tr a demar k)-PC R, ev e n during the amplif ic ationproce ss.
In contra st to xe2x 8 0 x 9creal t imex e 2x 8 0x9d quantific ation  of PCR pr o ducts as  in t he caseof TaqMan ( t rademark )-P CR,  it  is a ls o possible to q uant if y PCR p rod ucts us ing  di lut ion  s eries. To  this en d,  t he  R NAor th e  corresp on din gcDN A ise mploye d invari ou sd ilu tions.T hi s give s,  s imil arto  thexe2x 8 0x9 creal t imexe2x80 x9d quan ti fi cation,  a sigmoidalre action kin et icwhereo n ce morein the linear range the amplifi cat ion p rodu cts are p rop ortion alt o thestarti ng ma te ria l .  TheP C Rpro du cts are de t e cte d wit htheaid offluorescent-dye-la b ele d or radiolab ele d de o x y- nuc l eo t ide sw hic h are incorporate d directly  i n to  the PCR p r odu ct s by DN A polym erase duringamplifica tion. Fur th ermo r e , o ligonucleo tides (s o-calledp rimer s  w hichare  requi re d i n the  PCR f o r i nitia lizing  t he syn thesi sof the d aughter strand and whic h areprese ntin all am pli f ica tion prod ucts  incorpora ted  at  the5xe 2 x80x2  and 3x e2x 8 0x2 e nd o f  the DNAa ft erP C R)  are labele d w ith  cert ain molecu les(for example biot i n) to immobili ze t h e  am pli f icat io n products aft erPC R with the  a id of speci fic anti bo d ies o r stre ptavid in. Thi s im m obiliz atio n c an be car rie do ut, for  e xa m ple, i n ami crotit er pla t e, i n which, subsequen tly,a color rea ction  c an take plac e with the  aid of a m olecul ar-l abele d speci fi c prob e w hi ch hybridi z es with t he am plifica ti on p rod ucts a nd w i t h the  aid  o f a n enzyme- c o up l ed  ( f orexam ple p er oxid ase-coupl e d) antib ody against  t hem a rker m o le c u le of thepro be. T h i s color re a ctio n  c a n sub sequen tly be  evalua t edph otometr ica l l y.
 be_measured. The_intensity of this fluorescence_is directly_proportional_to the_PCR_products which were_amplified per synthesis_cycle.
Other examples of suitable_labels are radioactive_labels,_biotin labels, fluorescent or electrochemoluminscent (ECL) labels. In general, the labels are attached to_the_nucleotides as_starting_materials_for amplification by DNA or_RNA polymerase. The radiolabeled amplification_products (for_example PCR or NASBA products) can be detected_by_measuring the radioactivity,_the biotin-labeled amplification products can be detected via a_dye which carries avidin or streptavidin,_the fluorescent-labeled amplification_products_can_be detected with a_fluorometer and the electrochemoluminscent-labeled amplification products_can be detected with an ECL_detector. However, the most preferred detection method_is automatic in vitro hybridization, such_as, for example, in the_case of_TaqMan(trademark)-PCR, even during the amplification_process.
In contrast to_xe2x80x9creal timexe2x80x9d_quantification of PCR_products as in the case of_TaqMan(trademark)-PCR, it is_also possible to quantify PCR products_using_dilution series. To_this_end,_the RNA_or the corresponding_cDNA_is employed_in_various dilutions. This gives, similar to_the_xe2x80x9creal timexe2x80x9d quantification, a sigmoidal reaction kinetic_where once more in_the_linear range the amplification_products are proportional to the_starting material. The PCR products are_detected with_the aid_of fluorescent-dye-labeled or radiolabeled deoxy-nucleotides which are incorporated directly into the_PCR products by DNA polymerase during_amplification. Furthermore, oligonucleotides (so-called_primers which_are_required in the_PCR_for initializing_the synthesis of the daughter strand and_which are_present in all amplification products incorporated_at the 5xe2x80x2 and_3xe2x80x2_end of the DNA after PCR)_are labeled with certain molecules (for_example biotin) to immobilize the_amplification_products_after PCR with the aid_of specific antibodies or streptavidin. This_immobilization can be_carried out, for example, in a microtiter_plate,_in which, subsequently, a color reaction_can_take place with the aid of_a_molecular-labeled_specific probe which hybridizes with_the amplification products and with the_aid of an enzyme-coupled (for example peroxidase-coupled) antibody against_the marker molecule_of the probe. This color_reaction_can_subsequently be evaluated photometrically.