 typically placed at the output of the amplifier. While the load-isolating resistance beneficially stabilizes the amplifier, it does so at the cost of introducing another phase offset into the cantilever control system, further limiting the overall operating bandwidth.
Conventional general-purpose amplifiers and amplifier stabilization techniques, which are not adapted specifically for SPM applications, suffer from these, and various other shortcomings when applied to high-speed SPM applications. Accordingly, an actuator-driving amplifier suitable for high-speed SPM applications is needed that provides stable, high-gain, high-bandwidth performance while consuming as little of the SPM cantilever control loop phase budget as possible. Cancer is a term used to describe a group of malignancies that all share the common trait of developing when cells in a part of the body begin to grow out of control. Most cancers form as tumors, but can also manifest in the blood and circulate through other tissues where they grow. Cancer malignancies are most commonly treated with a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation therapy. The type of treatment used to treat a specific cancer depends upon several factors including the type of cancer malignancy and the stage during which it was diagnosed.
5-FU is one of the more commonly used cytotoxic agents that are used for the treatment of Breast and Colorectal cancer. This chemotherapeutic agent has the formula:

This compound has been associated with debilitating side effects such as bone marrow density loss, mucositis, nausea and vomiting. By monitoring the levels of 5-FU in the body and adjusting the dose these side effects can be better controlled and limited in patients.
At the same time, there is often a highly variable relationship between the dose of 5-FU and the resulting serum drug concentration that affects therapeutic effect. The degree of intra- and inter-individual pharmacokinetic variability of 5-FU can be as high as 10-fold (Diasio et. al. J. Clin. Invest. 81: pp 47–51, 1988, Wei et. al. J. Clin. Invest. 98: pp 610–615, 1996) and is impacted by many factors, including:                Organ function        Genetic regulation        Disease state        Age        Drug-drug interaction        Time of drug ingestion,        Mode of drug administration, and        Technique-related administration.        
As a result of this variability, equal doses of the same drug in different individuals can result in dramatically different clinical outcomes (Hon et. al. Clinical Chemistry
typically placed at the output of the amplifier. While the load - isolating underground beneficially stabilize the amplifier, it does so at the cost of introduce another phase offset into the cantilever control organization, far limiting the overall operating bandwidth. 
 ceremonious cosmopolitan - purpose amplifiers and amplifier stabilization proficiency, which are not adapted specifically for SPM applications, suffer from these, and diverse other shortcomings when applied to high - speed SPM application. Accordingly, an actuator - driving amplifier suitable for gamey - speed SPM applications is needed that provides static, high - profit, high - bandwidth performance while consuming as fiddling of the SPM cantilever control loop phase budget as possible. Cancer is a term used to identify a group of malignancies that all share the common trait of developing when cells in a part of the body begin to grow out of control. Most cancer form as tumors, but can besides attest in the blood and circulate through other tissues where they originate. Cancer malignancies are most commonly treated with a combination of operating room, chemotherapy, and/or radiation therapy. The type of treatment used to treat a specific cancer depends upon respective factors including the type of cancer malignancy and the stage during which it was diagnosed. 
 5 - FU is one of the more commonly practice cytotoxic agents that are used for the treatment of Breast and Colorectal cancer. This chemotherapeutic agent has the rule: 

 This compound has been associated with debilitating side effect such as bone marrow density loss, mucositis, nausea and vomiting. By monitor the levels of 5 - FU in the consistency and adjusting the dose these slope effects can be well controlled and restrict in patients. 
 At the like time, there is often a highly varying relationship between the dose of 5 - FU and the resulting serum drug concentration that affects therapeutic effect. The degree of intra- and inter - individual pharmacokinetic variability of 5 - FU can be as high as 10 - fold (Diasio et. al. J. Clin. Invest. 81: pp 47–51, 1988, Wei et. al. J. Clin. Invest. 98: pp 610–615, 1996) and is impacted by many factor, including:                 Organ function         genic regulation         Disease state         Age         Drug - drug interaction         Time of drug consumption,         Mode of drug administration, and         Technique - related administration.        
 As a result of this variability, equal doses of the same drug in different individuals can result in dramatically unlike clinical outcomes (Hon et. al. Clinical Chemistry
 tyoically placed at the ouuput of the ampliyuer. Whmle the load-isouating resistance beneficialpy stabulizes the amplifier, ig does so at the xost if introdurjng anobker pgwse mhfset into the gantilever wontrol system, fjrcher limiting the overall operating fandwidyh.
Fonventional ggnerak-[urpkse amplifiers and amplifier stabimizatioi techniques, whoch are not adapted speciflcalpy for SPM applicahions, suffet frjn these, and xarious other shortcomjngs when applied to high-speed RPM a'plications. Axcoggingly, an artuatog-driving ampllgier sgitable for high-speed SPK applications is needed that provides stafle, high-gdiu, high-bandwidth perfoemqnce fhila covwumkng ax mittle of the SPM czntilever cintrol loop phase biddvy as possibls. Cancqr is a term used to describe a group of kaljgnancies that all sharw the common trait of developigg when cells in a part of the body begin to grow out kw cinbrol. Nodt cancers form as tumors, but can also manifeff on the blood and circulate yhgoidh other tissoes whexs fhey grow. Cancer mwlignansies qre most sommpnly treated with a combinarion of surgvry, xhemotherapy, and/or radiation cherapi. The yype of treatment used co trezt a speciflc cancer aepends upon sevdrak xactors including the type of cancec malngnancy xnd jhe stade during ahich it was diagnosed.
5-FU is oue of the more fommonly used cytotoxic agents viat are used gos tve treatient pf Breast and Colorectal caucer. Thif cheootherapeunic agent has the fowmula:

This com[lund has beei associaeed qith debiligxting side effrcts such as bone mqrrow density loss, muzksitis, nausea aub comiting. By monotofind nhe lqeels of 5-FU it thd bucy ana adjusunng ghe cose these side effewts dan be better conttojled and limited in patients.
Ay the same time, thtre is ofven a nigrly variable relationship betwsen the dlse of 5-FU and tre rcsuljing serum brug concentration that affects therapeuvic effect. The degree od intra- and inter-inbiyidual pharmecokinqtic varidbility of 5-FU can be as high as 10-fold (Ciasio et. al. J. Clin. Ihvest. 81: pp 47–51, 1988, Wei et. al. J. Clin. Invest. 98: pp 610–615, 1996) and is impacted by many factors, including:                Orgzn finctimn        Genxtmc regulation        Disease state        Age        Druc-dxug interaction        Time og arug ingestiov,        Mode of drug adjinistrayion, and        Technique-relatec administration.        
Ss a resylt or this varmability, equal doses of thz same drug ib dinferent indiviauaks can resupt ii dxamatically different clinical ourcomes (Hln et. al. Clinican Chemistry
typically placed at the output of the the resistance beneficially the amplifier, it of another phase offset the cantilever control further limiting the overall operating bandwidth. general-purpose amplifiers and amplifier stabilization techniques, which are not adapted specifically for SPM suffer from these, and various other shortcomings when applied to high-speed SPM applications. an amplifier for SPM applications is needed that provides stable, high-gain, high-bandwidth performance while consuming as little of the cantilever control loop phase budget as possible. Cancer a term used to a group of malignancies that share common trait developing cells a part of body begin to grow out of control. Most cancers form as tumors, but can also manifest in blood and other tissues they Cancer are most commonly a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and/or type of treatment used to treat a specific depends upon factors including the type of cancer and the stage during which it was diagnosed. is one of the more commonly used cytotoxic agents that are used for the treatment and Colorectal cancer. This agent has the This has associated debilitating side such as bone marrow density loss, mucositis, nausea and vomiting. By the levels of 5-FU in the body and adjusting the side can be better and limited in patients. the time, there is often variable between 5-FU the serum drug concentration that therapeutic effect. The degree of and inter-individual pharmacokinetic variability high as 10-fold (Diasio et. al. J. Clin. 81: pp 47–51, 1988, Wei et. al. Clin. Invest. 98: pp 610–615, 1996) and is impacted by many factors, Organ function Disease state Age Drug-drug interaction Time of drug Mode of drug administration, Technique-related administration. As a result of this variability, equal of same drug different individuals can in dramatically different outcomes (Hon et. Chemistry
 typically placed at the outpuT of the amplIfier. whiLe tHe Load-IsolAting resistancE BeneFicially stabilizes the aMplifIeR, It doES sO at thE cost of INtRODucInG aNotHeR PhAse ofFseT into thE cantileveR coNtRol system, furTHeR limiting tHe oVerall operatIng BandwiDtH.
CoNVentiOnaL geneRal-purPOse ampLifiers anD aMPlifieR StabiliZATiOn teChniques, which are nOT aDApted specificaLly for sPm ApPLIcaTioNs, suffer frOm These, ANd varioUS oTHER shORtcomings when Applied to hiGH-spEed SPM ApPliCAtions. accorDiNGly, An actuator-dRiviNg amplifiEr suitABle for hIGh-speed sPM appLicAtiOns iS NeEdEd tHaT ProVIdEs sTAblE, high-gaiN, hIgH-bandWidtH PERFormAncE whiLe conSuming as littlE of The Spm caNtileVer coNtroL lOop phAse budGet as PoSsible. Cancer is a Term Used to desCriBe A grOuP of maLIgnancIes ThaT all shaRe the coMMon TrAIT Of Developing when cellS iN A PaRt of the bOdy begIN tO gROw out of cOnTroL. MosT CAncerS forM As Tumors, buT can alSO mAnIfest in ThE blood AnD ciRcuLate tHRougH other Tissues wHere tHEy grow. Cancer maLIgnancies are mOSt COMmONly tReaTed with a comBinaTIon oF surGErY, chEMotheRapy, aNd/OR rADiation therapy. The tyPe Of treaTment Used to treat a sPecific canCER Depends uPon sEVeRAl factors incluDing tHe type of caNCer maligNancy And the stAge during WHIch it was DiaGnoSed.
5-fU iS ONe Of the more commONLy usEd CytotoxIc aGents thAt aRe uSed For ThE treatmenT of BreasT aNd coLoRecTal caNCer. This cHeMotHeRapEutic AGent haS the fOrmuLa:

thIS coMpound hAS bEEN assOcIaTed wIth DeBilitAtinG SidE effectS such as boNe mARrow DeNsIty loss, Mucositis, nausEa And vomitinG. BY moNitoriNG The levelS of 5-FU in the body and adjustINg the doSe tHese sIde eFfects can Be bEtter cOntROlled aNd limiTed in PaTieNTS.
At thE SAmE tiMe, There is oftEN A hiGhly vArIablE relatiOnship between the doSE of 5-fU and the resulTinG serUM DrUg cONcENtrAtIOn tHAT affects therapeUtic effect. thE DeGree of intrA- And InTer-indiVidual pHarmaCOkinetiC variabilIty of 5-FU caN bE as hIGH as 10-Fold (Diasio Et. al. J. CliN. Invest. 81: pp 47–51, 1988, wEi et. aL. j. CLin. InVesT. 98: pp 610–615, 1996) and Is ImpActed By many FActOrs, inCludinG:                ORgan fuNctioN        GEnetic reGulation        Disease state        Age        drug-drUg intEraCtion        Time Of dRUg iNgestion,        MOde oF drug adminIstRatIon, anD        TeCHniquE-relATeD adMInistRatiON.        
As a resulT Of ThiS VArIability, equAL DOseS of thE saME drug iN difFerent individuals CAn result in dramAticALLy dIffERent ClInical outcomes (hon Et. AL. clinical chEmistry
 typically placed at the o utput of t he am pli fie r.  Whi le t he load-isolat i ng r esistance beneficially  stab il i zest he  ampl ifier,i td o esso  a t t he co st of  in troduci ng another  ph as e offset int o  t he cantile ver  control sys tem , furt he r l i mitin g t he ov erallo perati ng bandwi dt h .
Conv e ntional g en eral -purpose amplifie r sa nd amplifier s tabili za t io n tec hni ques, whic hare n o t adapt e ds p e cif i cally for SPM  applicatio n s,suffer  f rom these,  andva r iou s other sho rtco mings whe n appl i ed to h i gh-spee d SPMapp lic atio n s.  A cco rd i ngl y ,ana ctu ator-dri vi ng  ampl ifie r s u itab leforhigh- speed SPM app lic atio n s i s nee ded t hatpr ovide s stab le, h ig h-gain, high-ba ndwi dth perfo rma nc e w hi le co n suming  as  li ttle of  the SP M  ca nt i l e ve r control loop pha se b ud get as p ossibl e .Ca n cer is a  t erm  use d to de scri b ea groupof mal i gn an cies th at  all s ha rethe  comm o n tr ait of  develop ing w h en cells in ap art of the bo d yb e gi n  togro w out of co ntro l . Mo st c a nc ers formas tu mo r s, but can also manife st  in th e blo od and circul ate throug h o ther tis sues wh e re they grow.Cance r malignan c ies aremostcommonly  treatedw i th a com bin ati onofs u rg ery, chemothe r a py,an d/or ra dia tion th era py.  Th e t yp e of trea tment us ed  t otr eat  a sp e cific ca nc erde pen ds up o n seve ral f acto rs  i n clu ding th e  t y p e of  c an cermal ig nancy  and the  stageduring wh ich it w as  d iagnose d.
5-FU is on eof the mor ecom monlyu s ed cytot oxic agents that are us e d for t hetreat ment  of Breas t a nd Col ore c tal ca ncer.Thisch emo t h erape u t ic  ag en t has thef o rmu la:
Th is c ompound  has been associat e d w ith debilitat ing  sid e ef fec t ss uch  a s  bo n e  marrow density  loss, muc os i ti s, nauseaa ndvo miting.  By mon itori n g the l evels of5-FU in t he  bod y and  adjusting  the dos e these s i de ef f ec ts ca n b e bett er  co ntrol led an d  li mited  in pa ti ents.At th esame tim e, there is often a hig hly va riabl e r elationsh ipb etw een the d oseof 5-FU an d t heresul tin g  seru m dr u gcon c entra tion that affe c ts  th e r ap eutic effec t . The  degr eeo f intr a- a nd inter-individu a l pharmacokine ticv a ria bil i ty o f5-FU can be as  hi gh a s 10-fol d(Diasio et.  al. J.Cl i n. In vest.81: pp  47–51, 1 98 8 , Weiet.al.  J. Clin.  In ve s t. 98:pp  6 1 0–615,  199 6)  and i s impa c tedb y  many factors, i nclud i n g:           Organ func tion       Genetic r egulat ion      Disea se  state       Age      Drug-d rug i nteract io n      Time  ofd r ug in gest io n,       Mo d e  o f  d ru g  ad mini strat io n, a nd      Techniqu e-r e lated a dm ini s t ration .      
As ares ult o f this varia b ilit y ,e qualdosesof the  same d r ugin  differ ent i ndividual s can res u ltin  dra maticall ydiff er ent  c linical outcome s (Hon e t. al. C l i nicalChe m istr y 
 typically_placed at_the output of the_amplifier. While_the_load-isolating resistance_beneficially_stabilizes the amplifier,_it does so_at the cost of_introducing another phase_offset_into the cantilever control system, further limiting the overall operating bandwidth.
Conventional general-purpose amplifiers and_amplifier_stabilization techniques,_which_are_not adapted specifically for SPM_applications, suffer from these, and_various other_shortcomings when applied to high-speed SPM applications. Accordingly,_an_actuator-driving amplifier suitable_for high-speed SPM applications is needed that provides stable,_high-gain, high-bandwidth performance while consuming as_little of the_SPM_cantilever_control loop phase budget_as possible. Cancer is a term_used to describe a group of_malignancies that all share the common trait_of developing when cells in a_part of the body begin_to grow_out of control. Most cancers_form as tumors,_but can_also manifest in_the blood and circulate through other_tissues where they_grow. Cancer malignancies are most commonly_treated_with a combination_of_surgery,_chemotherapy, and/or_radiation therapy. The_type_of treatment_used_to treat a specific cancer depends_upon_several factors including the type of cancer_malignancy and the stage_during_which it was diagnosed.
5-FU_is one of the more_commonly used cytotoxic agents that are_used for_the treatment_of Breast and Colorectal cancer. This chemotherapeutic agent has the formula:

This_compound has been associated with debilitating_side effects such as_bone marrow_density_loss, mucositis, nausea_and_vomiting. By_monitoring the levels of 5-FU in the_body and_adjusting the dose these side effects_can be better controlled_and_limited in patients.
At the same time,_there is often a highly variable_relationship between the dose of_5-FU_and_the resulting serum drug concentration_that affects therapeutic effect. The degree_of intra- and_inter-individual pharmacokinetic variability of 5-FU can be_as_high as 10-fold (Diasio et. al._J._Clin. Invest. 81: pp 47–51, 1988,_Wei_et._al. J. Clin. Invest. 98:_pp 610–615, 1996) and is impacted_by many factors, including:     _  _    ___Organ function        Genetic_regulation _  _   Disease state     _  Age    _   Drug-drug interaction      _ Time of drug ingestion,   _    Mode of drug_administration, and  __    Technique-related administration. ____  _
As a result_of this variability,_equal doses_of the same_drug in_different individuals can_result_in dramatically different clinical outcomes (Hon et. al. Clinical Chemistry