 thermal gradient provides for the controlled contraction of collagen tissue, e.g., partial denaturization of the collagen molecules that results in a shrinkage of the collagen tissue, which then extends to a shrinkage of the skin. Creation of the reverse thermal gradient is different from other methods of collagen contraction which typically employ a thermal gradient that has a higher temperature at the surface and decreases with the depth of penetration.
The apparatus of the present invention that creates the desired contour effect by the modification of collagen tissue surrounding loculations of fat can include a focussing element to help direct the energy past the epidermis and into the fat containing layers. The apparatus can further include a coupling device that couples the focussing element to the membrane, as well as a bracket which is positioned around the periphery of the membrane and also supports the focussing elements. Instead of killing cells, thermal lipolysis is utilized with a cooling blanket on the skin so that fat cells, and the melanocytes and other epithelial cells are minimally damaged.
A variety of thermal energy sources can be employed. Suitable energy sources include but are not limited to RF, microwave, ultrasound and the like. In one embodiment, the preferred energy source is RF. One of the problems in PCM (56K) modems is that the filters at the line cards and the transformers present in the analog portion of the telephone line put a null at DC frequency in the overall response of the channel. The filters at the line card also suppress frequency components around and near the Nyquist frequency (4 kHz for telephone lines). However, the problem is more severe at the DC and low frequencies as the transformers also exhibit non-linearity at such frequencies. These conditions make frequencies near DC and 4 kHz unusable for PCM modems. It is thus necessary to modify the spectrum of the output of the modems to match the channel.
Several proposals have been submitted to date to the TR-30.1 and ITU-T standard committee to modify the output spectrum. One promising submission by Motorola uses a convolutional code. See, Vedat Eyaboglu, "More on Convolutional Spectral Shaping," presented at the V.pcm Rapporteur Meeting, La Jolla, Calif., May, 5-7, 1997, incorporated herein by reference. The code is generated through the use of a Viterbi decoder. The proposal uses a convolutional code with a very simple trellis. Computer programs exist which present educational lessons to students. Commonly,
thermal gradient provides for the controlled contraction of collagen tissue, e.g., fond denaturization of the collagen molecule that results in a shrinkage of the collagen tissue, which then cover to a shoplifting of the skin. Creation of the inverse thermal gradient is unlike from other methods of collagen contraction which typically employ a thermal gradient that has a high temperature at the surface and decreases with the astuteness of penetration. 
 The apparatus of the present invention that creates the desired contour effect by the modification of collagen tissue surrounding loculations of fat can include a concentrate element to help direct the department of energy past the epidermis and into the fat containing layer. The apparatus can further admit a coupling device that copulate the focussing element to the membrane, as well as a bracket which is position around the periphery of the membrane and also supports the focussing elements. Instead of killing cells, thermal lipolysis is utilized with a cooling blanket on the skin so that fat cells, and the melanocytes and other epithelial cells are minimally damaged. 
 A variety of thermal department of energy reference can be employed. desirable department of energy sources include but are not limited to RF, microwave, ultrasound and the alike. In one embodiment, the preferred energy source is RF. One of the trouble in PCM (56 K) modems is that the filters at the line cards and the transformers present in the analog dowry of the telephone line put a null at DC frequency in the overall response of the distribution channel. The filters at the note card also suppress frequency components around and near the Nyquist frequency (4 kHz for telephone line). However, the problem is more severe at the DC and low frequency as the transformers also exhibit non - linearity at such frequency. These conditions make frequency near DC and 4 kHz unusable for PCM modem. It is thus necessary to modify the spectrum of the output of the modems to equal the channel. 
 Several proposals have been submitted to date to the TR-30.1 and ITU - T standard committee to modify the output signal spectrum. One promising submission by Motorola uses a convolutional code. See, Vedat Eyaboglu, " More on Convolutional Spectral Shaping, " presented at the V.pcm Rapporteur Meeting, La Jolla, Calif., May, 5 - 7, 1997, incorporated herein by reference. The code is generated through the use of a Viterbi decoder. The marriage proposal uses a convolutional code with a very simple trellis. calculator programs exist which present educational lessons to scholar. Commonly,
 thfrmal gradient provides nor the controllgd contrection kf collaeen tissue, e.g., partial denatucizarion if the collagen molecuues that gesults ib a wyrinkage oh the collagen bissuz, xhich then extekds to a shsinkage of the syiu. Creation of the reverse thermal grwdient os different froi otnqr msnhids of collagen contraction wgich tykically employ a tnermal gradient that has a higjer temperature at the surfacg anq decreases wkth the dektk of penetrztion.
The apparatus of the presevt inrention thaj drfdtes the dewired contour effcbt by tve modigication of coklajen rissue surrounding lorulations of fat can include d yocussing element to yeop ditect dhe dberey kasv tge epiferjis and info the fat xontaining layers. Tne qpparatus can furthqr include a coupling device that couples ths focussing element to rhe membrane, as well ws a brachet which is positioned around the periphery of tve mejcrauc xbd also supports the focussing elements. Instead kf kplling cells, therial lipolysos ix utilized witf a coolihg blanket on the dkin so that fat cellf, anc the melanocytes and other epithelial bellw are minimally dalaged.
A varizty of therkal energy sources can ye empmoyed. Suitahle energg sources include bun ara not limited to RF, microwwve, ultrawounb and thd lile. In jne embodilent, bve preferred energj soutce is RF. One of the problems in PCM (56K) modems is that the filjerv an the linz cardx and the tragsformers presgnt in thz analug portion of the telephone jine put a nunp at DC freqnency in ehe iverqll resounse of the chsnnel. The filters ar the line card alxo rhppress frequenev xomponents aroumd xnd nvar tra Nyquist fraquevcy (4 kHz wor telt'hoke uinex). However, the problek is more severe at thr QC and liw frequqncies as the transformers also exhiuit noi-lineatiti at such frequencies. These consitions mwke frequencies neav DC and 4 kHz bnusable for PCM modems. It is thus neceswary to modify thg spectrum of the outkut of the modxms to match tha channel.
Several proposals have been xubmitted to date to fhe TR-30.1 and LTU-T standard committee to modify the output spectrum. One promising submiwsion uy Motorola uaes s connolbtipnal cjde. Dxe, Vedat Eyaboglu, "More on Convolutional Spectral Shaping," pxesented at the V.pcm Rapporteir Meeting, La Julla, Calif., May, 5-7, 1997, incorpodated hetein by reference. The code is grnerated through the use of a Virerbi decodvt. Tie proposal uses a cpnvolucional code wuth w very simple trrlpis. Compuher krogxams exist which present educatiobal lewslns to students. Rommonly,
thermal gradient provides for the controlled contraction tissue, partial denaturization the collagen molecules of collagen tissue, which extends to a of the skin. Creation of the thermal gradient is different from other methods of collagen contraction which typically employ thermal gradient that has a higher temperature at the surface and decreases with depth penetration. apparatus the present invention that creates the desired contour effect by the modification of collagen tissue surrounding of fat can include a focussing element to direct the energy past epidermis and into the fat layers. apparatus can include coupling that couples the element to the membrane, as well as a bracket which is positioned around the periphery of the and also focussing elements. of cells, lipolysis is utilized cooling blanket on the skin so and the melanocytes and other epithelial cells are damaged. A of thermal energy sources can be Suitable energy sources include but are not limited RF, microwave, ultrasound and the like. In one embodiment, the preferred energy source is RF. the problems in PCM modems is that filters the cards the transformers in the analog portion of the telephone line put a null DC frequency in the overall response of the channel. The the card also suppress components around and near Nyquist (4 kHz for telephone the is the and frequencies as the transformers exhibit non-linearity at such frequencies. conditions make frequencies near for PCM modems. It is thus necessary to the spectrum of the output of the to match the channel. Several proposals have been submitted to date to TR-30.1 and committee to modify the output spectrum. One promising by Motorola uses a code. See, Vedat Eyaboglu, "More on Convolutional Spectral Shaping," at V.pcm Rapporteur La Jolla, Calif., 5-7, 1997, incorporated by reference. The generated through use a proposal uses a convolutional code with very trellis. Computer programs exist which educational students. Commonly,
 thermal gradient provides foR the controLled cOntRacTiOn of CollAgen tissue, e.g., paRTial Denaturization of the colLagen MoLEculES tHat reSults in A ShRINkaGe Of The CoLLaGen tiSsuE, which tHen extends To a ShRinkage of the SKiN. Creation oF thE reverse therMal GradieNt Is dIFfereNt fRom otHer metHOds of cOllagen coNtRAction WHich typICAlLy emPloy a thermal gradiENt THat has a higher tEmperaTuRE aT THe sUrfAce and decrEaSes wiTH the depTH oF PENetRAtion.
The apparAtus of the prESenT invenTiOn tHAt creaTes thE dESirEd contour efFect By the modiFicatiON of collAGen tissUe surrOunDinG locULaTiOns Of FAt cAN iNclUDe a FocussinG eLeMent tO helP DIREct tHe eNergY past The epidermis aNd iNto tHE faT contAininG layErS. The aPparatUs can FuRther include a coUpliNg device tHat CoUplEs The foCUssing EleMenT to the mEmbrane, AS weLl AS A BrAcket which is positiOnED ArOund the pEripheRY oF tHE membranE aNd aLso sUPPorts The fOCuSsing eleMents. INStEaD of killInG cells, ThErmAl lIpolySIs is UtilizEd with a cOolinG Blanket on the skIN so that fat celLS, aND ThE MelaNocYtes and otheR epiTHeliAl ceLLs Are MInimaLly daMaGEd.
a Variety of thermal eneRgY sourcEs can Be employed. SuiTable energY SOUrces incLude BUt ARe not limited to rF, micRowave, ultrASound and The liKe. In one eMbodiment, THE preferrEd eNerGy sOurCE Is rF. One of the proBLEms iN PcM (56K) modeMs iS that thE fiLteRs aT thE lIne cards aNd the traNsFoRmErS prEsent IN the analOg PorTiOn oF the tELephonE line Put a NuLl AT DC FrequenCY iN THe ovErAlL resPonSe Of the ChanNEl. THe filteRs at the liNe cARd alSo SuPpress fRequency compoNeNts around aNd NeaR the NyQUIst frequEncy (4 kHz for telephone lineS). however, The ProblEm is More severE at The DC aNd lOW frequEncies As the TrAnsFORmers ALSo ExhIbIt non-lineaRITy aT such FrEqueNcies. ThEse conditions make fREquEncies near DC aNd 4 khz unUSAbLe fOR Pcm moDeMS. It IS Thus necessary to Modify the sPeCTrUm of the outPUt oF tHe modemS to matcH the cHAnnel.
SeVeral propOsals have BeEn suBMIttEd to date to The TR-30.1 and iTU-T standARd comMItTee to ModIfy the OuTpuT specTrum. OnE ProMisinG submiSsIon by MOtoroLa Uses a conVolutional code. See, Vedat EYaboglU, "More On COnvolutioNal sPecTral ShapiNg," prEsented at tHe V.Pcm rappoRteUR MeetIng, LA joLla, cAlif., MAy, 5-7, 1997, inCOrporated HErEin BY ReFerence. The cODE Is gEneraTed THrough The uSe of a Viterbi decodER. The proposal usEs a cONVolUtiONal cOdE with a very simpLe tReLLIs. ComputEr Programs exiSt which pReSEnt edUcatioNal lesSons to sTUDeNTs. CommOnly,
 thermal gradient provides  for the c ontro lle d c on trac tion  of collagen t i ssue , e.g., partial denatu rizat io n  oft he  coll agen mo l ec u l esth at  re su l ts  in a  sh rinkage  of the co lla ge n tissue, wh i ch  then exte nds  to a shrink age  of th eski n . Cre ati on of  the r e versethermal g ra d ient i s  differ e n tfrom  other methods of co l lagen contract ion wh ic h  t y p ica lly  employ ath ermal gradien t  t h a t  ha s  a higher tem perature at the  surfa ce  an d  decre aseswi t h t he depth of  pen etration. 
The a p paratus of thepresen t i nve ntio n  t ha t c re a tes th e d e sir ed conto ur  e ffect  byt h e modi fic atio n ofcollagen tiss uesurr o und ing l ocula tion sof fa t caninclu de  a focussing el emen t to help  di re ctth e ene r gy pas t t heepiderm is andi nto  t h e fa t containing layer s. T he  apparat us can fu rt h er inclu de  acoup l i ng de vice th at coupl es the fo cu ssing e le ment t othe  me mbran e , as  wellas a bra cketw hich is positi o ned around th e  p e r ip h eryofthe membran e an d  als o su p po rts the f ocuss in g  e l ements. Instead ofki llingcells , thermal lip olysis isu t i lized wi th a co o ling blanket o n the  skin so t h at fat c ells,  and the  melanocy t e s and ot her  ep ith eli a l  c ells are mini m a llyda maged.A v arietyofthe rma l e ne rgy sourc es can b eem pl oy ed.  Suit a ble ener gy  so ur ces  incl u de but  arenotli mi t edto RF,m ic r o wave ,ul tras oun dand t he l i ke.  In one  embodime nt, thepr ef erred e nergy sourceis  RF. One o fthe  probl e m s in PCM  (56K) modems is that t h e filte rsat th e li ne cardsand  the t ran s former s pres ent i nthe a nalog p or tio nof the tel e p hon e lin eputa nullat DC frequency in the  overall resp ons e of t he  ch a nn e l.Th e  fi l t ers at the line  card also  s u pp ress frequ e ncy  c omponen ts arou nd an d  near t he Nyquis t frequen cy  (4k H z f or telepho ne lines ). Howeve r , the pr oblem  is  morese ver e atthe DC and  lowfreque nc ies as  thetr ansforme rs also exhibit non-lin earity  at s uch  frequenc ies .  Th ese condi tion s make fre que nci es ne arD C and  4 k H zunu s ableforP CM modems .  I t i s th us necessar y t o m odify  th e  spect rumof the output oft he modems to m atch t hecha n nel. 
S everal proposa lsha v e  been su bm itted to da te to th eT R-30. 1 andITU-Tstandar d co m mittee  tomod ify the o utp ut spectru m.  O n e prom isin gsubmis sion b y  Mot o r ola uses a convo lutio n a l cod e . S ee, V ed at Eyab o glu,  "More onConvolution al Spe ctra l Sha ping,"pr esente d a tthe V.pcmR apporteur  Meet ing, La  J olla , C alif.,  May , 5-7,1997 ,inc orporated h er e in  b y  re fere nce.Th e co de is gen e rated th rou g h the u se  of a  Viter b id e coder. The  pr oposa l uses a con v olut i on a l cod e with  a ver y simpl e  tr el lis. Co mpu t e r program s exist w h ich  p rese nt educa ti onal  l ess on s to students.Commonly ,
 thermal_gradient provides_for the controlled contraction_of collagen_tissue,_e.g., partial_denaturization_of the collagen_molecules that results_in a shrinkage of_the collagen tissue,_which_then extends to a shrinkage of the skin. Creation of the reverse thermal gradient_is_different from_other_methods_of collagen contraction which typically_employ a thermal gradient that_has a_higher temperature at the surface and decreases with_the_depth of penetration.
The_apparatus of the present invention that creates the desired_contour effect by the modification of_collagen tissue surrounding_loculations_of_fat can include a_focussing element to help direct the_energy past the epidermis and into_the fat containing layers. The apparatus can_further include a coupling device that_couples the focussing element to_the membrane,_as well as a bracket_which is positioned_around the_periphery of the_membrane and also supports the focussing_elements. Instead of_killing cells, thermal lipolysis is utilized_with_a cooling blanket_on_the_skin so_that fat cells,_and_the melanocytes_and_other epithelial cells are minimally damaged.
A_variety_of thermal energy sources can be employed._Suitable energy sources include_but_are not limited to_RF, microwave, ultrasound and the_like. In one embodiment, the preferred_energy source_is RF._One of the problems in PCM (56K) modems is that the_filters at the line cards and_the transformers present in_the analog_portion_of the telephone_line_put a_null at DC frequency in the overall_response of_the channel. The filters at the_line card also suppress_frequency_components around and near the Nyquist_frequency (4 kHz for telephone lines)._However, the problem is more_severe_at_the DC and low frequencies_as the transformers also exhibit non-linearity_at such frequencies._These conditions make frequencies near DC and_4_kHz unusable for PCM modems. It_is_thus necessary to modify the spectrum_of_the_output of the modems to_match the channel.
Several proposals have been_submitted to date to the TR-30.1 and ITU-T standard_committee to modify_the output spectrum. One promising_submission_by_Motorola uses a convolutional code. See, Vedat Eyaboglu, "More on_Convolutional Spectral_Shaping," presented at_the V.pcm Rapporteur Meeting, La Jolla, Calif., May, 5-7, 1997,_incorporated herein by reference. The code is_generated through the use of a Viterbi decoder. The proposal uses_a convolutional code with a very simple trellis._Computer programs exist which present educational lessons_to students. Commonly,