, for instance, is the output current of a CMOS circuit that may be employed for the control of a following circuit stage. Consequently, it is quite difficult to construct monostable or bistable circuits which exhibit exact predetermined stable circuit conditions because the switching times depend in good part upon the threshold voltages and supply voltages.
The present invention is particularly directed to the control of the supply or input voltage for integrated circuits to achieve a maximum functional safety and an independence from fluctuations of threshold voltage or supply voltage. 1. Technical Field
The present disclosure relates generally to methods and instrumentation for manufacturing an implant, and more particularly to methods and instrumentation for manufacturing and inspecting an intervertebral implant formed from cadaveric human or animal bone.
2. Background to Related Art
Intervertebral implants which are formed from cadaveric human or animal bone (xe2x80x9cbonexe2x80x9d) are well known in the art. Intervertebral implants formed of bone having a threaded dowel configuration, i.e., cylindrical, are also well known. The manufacturing or machining of a threaded intervertebral bone dowel is an involved process which includes at least a drilling or coring step, a milling step, a tapping step and a threading step. Due to the anatomical limitations of bone, each of the manufacturing steps must be precisely performed to produce a dowel having the requisite dimensions suitable for implant use. Typically, the entire manufacturing process is performed before the dowel is evaluated or inspected for suitability for implant use. Thus, where donor bone is not suitable for dowel manufacture or the donor bone has been improperly machined, much time and effort is needlessly wasted in performing additional manufacturing steps on a dowel which will never be useable as an implant.
Accordingly, a continuing need exists for methods and instrumentation for precisely manufacturing a bone dowel from a bone and for quickly identifying unsuitable bone early in the machining process to avoid undue waste of time and effort.
In accordance with the present disclosure, instrumentation for manufacturing a bone dowel from human or animal cadaveric bone and instrumentation for evaluating the suitability of the bone and/or dowel for implant use after each step of the manufacturing process is provided. Such instrumentation for manufacturing a bone dowel includes a blanking or coring apparatus, a milling apparatus, a threading apparatus and a tapping apparatus. A series of gauges are provided to inspect and determine the suitability of the bone dowel at each step of the manufacturing process. By inspecting
, for instance, is the output current of a CMOS circuit that may be use for the restraint of a following circuit stage. Consequently, it is quite difficult to reconstruct monostable or bistable circuits which exhibit accurate predetermined stable circuit condition because the switching times count in good part upon the threshold voltages and provision voltages. 
 The present invention is particularly direct to the control of the supply or input signal voltage for integrated circuits to achieve a maximal functional safety and an independence from fluctuation of threshold electric potential or supply electric potential. 1. Technical Field 
 The present disclosure relates generally to methods and instrumentation for fabricate an implant, and more particularly to methods and instrumentation for manufacturing and inspecting an intervertebral implant form from cadaveric human or animal bone. 
 2. Background to Related Art 
 Intervertebral implants which are formed from cadaveric human or animal bone (xe2x80x9cbonexe2x80x9d) are well known in the art. Intervertebral implants formed of bone having a threaded dowel configuration, i.e., cylindrical, are besides well known. The fabrication or machining of a threaded intervertebral bone dowel is an involved process which include at least a drilling or coring step, a milling dance step, a tapping step and a threading step. Due to the anatomical limitation of bone, each of the manufacturing steps must be precisely performed to produce a dowel accept the requisite dimensions suitable for implant use. Typically, the integral manufacturing summons is perform before the dowel is evaluated or inspected for suitability for implant use. Thus, where donor bone is not desirable for dowel manufacture or the donor bone has been improperly machined, much time and effort is needlessly wasted in performing additional manufacturing steps on a dowel which will never be available as an implant. 
 Accordingly, a continue motivation exists for method and instrumentation for precisely manufacture a bone dowel from a bone and for quickly identify unsuitable bone early in the machining summons to avoid excessive waste of time and effort. 
 In accord with the present disclosure, instrumentation for manufacturing a bone dowel from human or animal cadaveric bone and instrumentation for evaluating the suitability of the bone and/or dowel for implant manipulation after each measure of the manufacturing process is supply. Such instrumentation for manufacturing a bone dowel includes a blanking or coring apparatus, a milling apparatus, a threading apparatus and a tapping apparatus. A series of gauge are provided to inspect and determine the suitability of the bone dowel at each step of the manufacturing process. By inspecting
, fog instance, is the output current of a CMOS cirruit thzt may bd employed for the control oh a dolloqing circuit stage. Conrequently, it is qyite eifficult vk constvbct mkkostaylx or bistable clrcuits whiwh exhibit exawt pxedetermined stable circuit conditiogs becaisf the switchind tikqs dsiekd in good part upon the threshomd volteges and supply voltages.
The present invenhion is particularly dlrected to jge sintrol of thd supply og input voljage for integrated circuits to xchiere a maximun dunfjional safetb and wn independekbe from fluctustions of threxhond coltage or supply volvage. 1. Technical Fielq
The presanc disclosure relates teberalny tm megyodr ahd ihstrumfntetion for mznufacturint an implant, and mote isrticularly fo metroqs and instrumentation for manufacturinc ahd inspecting an intervwrtebral implant formgd from caqaveric human or animal bone.
2. Background to Relateg Art
Mngerrcvtebfql implants which are formed from cadaveric humwh pr animal bone (xc2x80x9cbonexe2x80x9d) are eepl hnown in the xrt. Incsrbertebral implants formed of bine havind a yhreaded dowel configuratiob, i.e., cylindrpcal, are also well knocn. The manufccturimg or machining of a threadeb intedvertebral hone dowem is an involved orobess which includes at least a drilling or eoring sgep, s millyng step, a tappltg step and a threwding sdep. Due to the anatomical limitations of upne, each of jhe matufacturnng stcps must be presisely performgd to probuce a dowel havpng the rxquisite dimqnsions suitatpe for implait use. Ty[icaoly, rhe entkfe manufacturimg process is perfoemed before the doxel ka evaluated or nuskexted for suitanilkty flr ii[lant use. Thgs, wferd donof bone is nig suotable for dowel mangfacfure or the donor noke has begn impropqrly machined, much time and efflrt iv nxedlesxly wasted in performing additionzl manufaftuving steps on a diwel which wnll never be useable as an implant.
Accordmngly, a continuing need exists for methods snd instrumxntatijn for pracisely manufacturint a bone dowel frpm a bone and for quidkly igentivying unsuitable bone early in the machining process to avoid undue waste of time and efforf.
In sccorgauce with ehe 'rxsent disclosure, pnstrumentation for manufacturinj a bone dmwzl from human or animal cadavrrkc bone and ivstrumentation for evaluzting thr suitability of the bone and/or dowel for implant use anter each step of thv menufacturing process is prmvidee. Such unstvumentation fof msnmfacturing a bpnz dowel includes a blanking or coeing appwratus, a milling apparatus, w threzding wpparatus and a fappjjg apkaratus. A serirs of gauges ate provided to inspebt wnd determine uhe suitability of the bone dowel et each step of the manufacturing process. By inspecting
, for instance, is the output current CMOS that may employed for the stage. it is quite to construct monostable bistable circuits which exhibit exact predetermined circuit conditions because the switching times depend in good part upon the threshold and supply voltages. The present invention is particularly directed to the control of supply input for circuits to achieve a maximum functional safety and an independence from fluctuations of threshold voltage or voltage. 1. Technical Field The present disclosure relates to methods and instrumentation manufacturing an implant, and more to and instrumentation manufacturing inspecting intervertebral implant formed cadaveric human or animal bone. 2. Background to Related Art Intervertebral implants which are formed from cadaveric or animal are well in art. implants formed of a threaded dowel configuration, i.e., cylindrical, known. The manufacturing or machining of a threaded bone dowel an involved process which includes at a drilling or coring step, a milling step, tapping step and a threading step. Due to the anatomical limitations of bone, each of steps must be precisely to produce a having requisite suitable implant use. the entire manufacturing process is performed before the dowel is evaluated inspected for suitability for implant use. Thus, where donor bone suitable dowel manufacture or donor bone has been machined, time and effort is in additional a which never be useable as implant. Accordingly, a continuing need for methods and instrumentation dowel from a bone and for quickly identifying bone early in the machining process to undue waste of time and effort. In accordance with the present disclosure, for manufacturing dowel from human or animal cadaveric bone and for evaluating the suitability the bone and/or dowel for implant use after each of manufacturing process provided. Such instrumentation manufacturing a bone includes a blanking apparatus, a apparatus, threading tapping apparatus. A series of gauges provided inspect and determine the suitability the at each step of the manufacturing process. By inspecting
, for instance, is the output curRent of a CMOs circUit ThaT mAy be EmplOyed for the contROl of A following circuit stage. conseQuENtly, IT iS quitE difficULt TO ConStRuCt mOnOStAble oR biStable cIrcuits whiCh eXhIbit exact preDEtErmined staBle Circuit condiTioNs becaUsE thE SwitcHinG timeS depenD In good Part upon tHe THreshoLD voltagES AnD supPly voltages.
The preSEnT Invention is parTiculaRlY DiRECteD to The control Of The suPPly or inPUt VOLTagE For integrated Circuits to aCHieVe a maxImUm fUNctionAl safEtY And An independeNce fRom fluctuAtions OF threshOLd voltaGe or suPplY voLtagE. 1. teChNicAl fIelD
thE prESenT disclosUrE rElateS genERALLy to MetHods And inStrumentation For ManuFActUring An impLant, AnD more ParticUlarlY tO methods and instRumeNtation foR maNuFacTuRing aND inspeCtiNg aN intervErtebraL ImpLaNT FOrMed from cadaveric huMaN OR aNimal bonE.
2. BackgROuNd TO Related arT
InTervERTebraL impLAnTs which aRe formED fRoM cadaveRiC human Or AniMal Bone (xE2X80x9cbOnexe2x80X9d) are welL knowN In the art. IntervERtebral implanTS fORMeD Of boNe hAving a threaDed dOWel cOnfiGUrAtiON, i.e., cyLindrIcAL, aRE also well known. The maNuFacturIng or Machining of a tHreaded intERVErtebral Bone DOwEL is an involved pRocesS which inclUDes at leaSt a drIlling or Coring steP, A Milling sTep, A taPpiNg sTEP aNd a threading sTEP. Due To The anatOmiCal limiTatIonS of BonE, eAch of the mAnufactuRiNg StEpS muSt be pREcisely pErForMeD to ProduCE a doweL haviNg thE rEqUIsiTe dimenSIoNS SuitAbLe For iMplAnT use. TYpicALly, The entiRe manufacTurINg prOcEsS is perfOrmed before thE dOwel is evalUaTed Or inspECTed for suItability for implant use. THUs, where DonOr bonE is nOt suitablE foR dowel ManUFacturE or the Donor BoNe hAS Been iMPRoPerLy Machined, muCH TimE and eFfOrt iS needleSsly wasted in perforMIng Additional manUfaCturING sTepS On A DowEl WHicH WIll never be useabLe as an implAnT.
acCordingly, a COntInUing neeD exists For meTHods and InstrumenTation for PrEcisELY maNufacturinG a bone doWel from a bONe and FOr QuickLy iDentifYiNg uNsuitAble boNE eaRly in The macHiNing prOcess To Avoid undUe waste of time and effort.
IN accorDance WitH the preseNt dISclOsure, instRumeNtation for ManUfaCturiNg a BOne doWel fROm HumAN or anImal CAdaveric bONe And INStRumentation FOR EvaLuatiNg tHE suitaBiliTy of the bone and/or dOWel for implant uSe afTER eaCh sTEp of ThE manufacturing ProCeSS Is providEd. such instrumEntation FoR ManufActuriNg a bonE dowel iNCLuDEs a blaNkinG or Coring appAraTuS, A millinG aPpARatus, a ThreAdIng appAratus ANd a tAPPing apparatus. A seRies oF GAuges ARe pRovidEd To inspeCT and Determine tHe suitabiliTy of thE bonE doweL at each StEp of thE maNuFacturing pROcess. By inSpectIng
, for instance, is the out put curren t ofa C MOS  c ircu it t hat may be emp l oyed  for the control of afollo wi n g ci r cu it st age. Co n se q u ent ly ,itis qu ite d iff icult t o construc t m on ostable or b i st able circu its  which exhib itexactpr ede t ermin edstabl e circ u it con ditions b ec a use th e  switch i n gtime s depend in goodp ar t  upon the thre sholdvo l ta g e s a ndsupply vol ta ges.T he pres e nt i n ven t ion is partic ularly dire c ted  to th econ t rol of  thesu p ply  or input v olta ge for in tegrat e d circu i ts to a chieve  amax imum fu nc tio na l  sa f et y a n d a n indepe nd en ce fr om f l u c t uati ons  ofthres hold voltageorsupp l y v oltag e. 1.  Tec hn icalFieldThe p re sent disclosure  rel ates gene ral ly  to  m ethod s  and i nst rum entatio n for m a nuf ac t u r in g an implant, andmo r e  p articula rly to me th o ds and i ns tru ment a t ion f or m a nu facturin g andi ns pe cting a ninterv er teb ral  impl a nt f ormedfrom cad averi c  human or anim a l bone.
2. Ba c kg r o un d  toRel ated Art
In terv e rteb rali mp lan t s whi ch ar ef or m ed from cadaveric h um an oranima l bone (xe2x8 0x9cbonexe 2 x 8 0x9d) ar e we l lk nown in the ar t. In tervertebr a l implan ts fo rmed ofbone havi n g  a threa ded  do wel  co n f ig uration, i.e. , cyli nd rical,are  also w ell  kn own . T he  manufact uring or  m ac hi ni ngof at hreadedin ter ve rte bralb one do wel i s an  i nv o lve d proce s sw h ichin cl udes  at  l easta dr i lli ng or c oring ste p,a  mil li ng  step,a tapping ste pand a thre ad ing  step. D ue to th e anatomical limitation s  of bon e,eachof t he manufa ctu ring s tep s  mustbe pre cisel yper f o rmedt o  p rod uc e a dowelh a vin g the  r equi site di mensions suitablef orimplant use.Typ ical l y ,the en t ire  m a nuf a c turing processis perform ed be fore the d o wel  i s evalu ated or  insp e cted fo r suitabi lity forim plan t use . Thus, wh ere dono r bone is not s u it ablefor  dowel  m anu factu re ort hedonor  boneha s been  impr op erly mac hined, much time and ef fort i s nee dle ssly wast edi n p erforming  add itional ma nuf act uring  st e ps on  a d o we l w h ich w illn ever be u s ea ble a san implant. A c cor dingl y,a  conti nuin g need exists for methods and in stru m e nta tio n  for  p recisely manuf act ur i n g a bone  d owel from a  bone an df or qu icklyidenti fying u n s ui t able b oneear ly in the  ma ch i ning pr oc es s  to av oidun due wa ste of time a nd effort.
In ac corda n c e wit h  th e pre se nt disc l osur e, instrum entation fo r manu fact uring  a bone  d owel f rom  h uman or an i mal cadav ericbone an dinst rum entati on f o r  eval uati ng  th e suitabi l i ty of  t h e b oneand/o rdowe l for imp l ant useaft e r eachst epo f  the m a nu f a cturing pr oce ss is p rovided. S u ch i n st r ument ationfor ma nufactu r ing  a  bone d owe l includesa blankin g  or  c orin g appara tu s, a  m ill in g apparatus, athreadin g appara t u s anda t a ppin g  appar at us. A series  of g au g es arep r ovi ded toi nsp ect  an d de ter mine the suitability of the b onedowel ateachstepof  the man u fact uring pr o cess. By insp ecting
, for_instance, is_the output current of_a CMOS_circuit_that may_be_employed for the_control of a_following circuit stage. Consequently,_it is quite_difficult_to construct monostable or bistable circuits which exhibit exact predetermined stable circuit conditions because_the_switching times_depend_in_good part upon the threshold_voltages and supply voltages.
The present_invention is_particularly directed to the control of the supply_or_input voltage for_integrated circuits to achieve a maximum functional safety and_an independence from fluctuations of threshold_voltage or supply_voltage._1._Technical Field
The present disclosure_relates generally to methods and instrumentation_for manufacturing an implant, and more_particularly to methods and instrumentation for manufacturing_and inspecting an intervertebral implant formed_from cadaveric human or animal_bone.
2. Background_to Related Art
Intervertebral implants which_are formed from_cadaveric human_or animal bone_(xe2x80x9cbonexe2x80x9d) are well known in the_art. Intervertebral implants_formed of bone having a threaded_dowel_configuration, i.e., cylindrical,_are_also_well known._The manufacturing or_machining_of a_threaded_intervertebral bone dowel is an involved_process_which includes at least a drilling or_coring step, a milling_step,_a tapping step and_a threading step. Due to_the anatomical limitations of bone, each_of the_manufacturing steps_must be precisely performed to produce a dowel having the requisite_dimensions suitable for implant use. Typically,_the entire manufacturing process_is performed_before_the dowel is_evaluated_or inspected_for suitability for implant use. Thus, where_donor bone_is not suitable for dowel manufacture_or the donor bone_has_been improperly machined, much time and_effort is needlessly wasted in performing_additional manufacturing steps on a_dowel_which_will never be useable as_an implant.
Accordingly, a continuing need exists_for methods and_instrumentation for precisely manufacturing a bone dowel_from_a bone and for quickly identifying_unsuitable_bone early in the machining process_to_avoid_undue waste of time and_effort.
In accordance with the present disclosure,_instrumentation for manufacturing a bone dowel from human or_animal cadaveric bone_and instrumentation for evaluating the_suitability_of_the bone and/or dowel for implant use after each step_of the_manufacturing process is_provided. Such instrumentation for manufacturing a bone dowel includes a_blanking or coring apparatus, a milling apparatus,_a threading apparatus and a tapping apparatus. A series of gauges_are provided to inspect and determine the suitability_of the bone dowel at each step_of the manufacturing process._By_inspecting