 of Jews in Eastern Europe. In early 1942, the Final Solution was formalized in writing at the Wannsee Conference, and from this point on until their defeat in 1945, the Nazis gathered Jews from all over Europe with the plan of exterminating them all. Thus it seems obvious that, from early on, most of the German public must have known that the Jews were being specifically targeted for harsh measures, perhaps complete expulsion or outright death. It is important to keep in mind how extensive the Nazi concentration camp system was. During the dozen years the regime existed, it set up about 20,000 concentration 25 "Germany: Jewish Population in 1933," United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, accessed online at: https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005276. Reason Papers Vol. 38, no. 1 137 camps, 26 within which 11 million souls perished. The majority of those killed were Jews, but all of them were considered "enemies of the state." As the war progressed, virtually the entire German public had to have been increasingly suspicious that the option of extermination had been chosen. This acceptance of (and even support for) absolute war against the Jews was precisely what the Nazis intended their anti-Semitic propaganda to engender. The Nazis intended to intensify the already culturally pervasive anti-Semitism of the German people. Cinema was considered by the Nazi Party to be an important tool in promoting an absolute war mindset. In other words, film was crucial to selling genocide. 3. Marketing and Mechanisms I now turn to a review of some marketing tactics used in advertising and sales, as well as the psychological mechanisms that underlie them, before analyzing two of the films that were crucial in arousing the twin sides of antiSemitism-disgust at and fear of Jews. This will help us see how those tools were used to accomplish that goal. 27 I will first briefly characterize propaganda 28 and then explain how it relates to marketing. Some people regard propaganda as including techniques for selling products (goods and services) in a market. However, most people confine the term "propaganda" to the realm of ideas (specifically political, social, and religious ideas and ideologies), 29 and confine the term "marketing" to the realm of the market (that is, the exchange of goods and services). There is a common underlying activity in both marketing and propaganda: promotion, that is, attempted persuasion. Marketing (that is, sales
of Jews in Eastern Europe. In early 1942, the Final Solution was formalized in writing at the Wannsee Conference, and from this point on until their defeat in 1945, the Nazis accumulate Jews from wholly over Europe with the plan of exterminating them all. therefore it seems obvious that, from early on on, most of the German public must have know that the Jews were being specifically targeted for harsh measure, perhaps complete extrusion or outright death. It is important to observe in mind how extensive the Nazi concentration camp system was. During the dozen old age the regime existed, it set up approximately 20,000 concentration 25 " Germany: Jewish Population in 1933, " United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, accessed online at: https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005276. Reason Papers Vol. 38, nobelium. 1 137 camps, 26 within which 11 million soul perished. The majority of those killed were Jews, but all of them were considered " enemies of the state. " As the war build up, virtually the entire German public had to have been increasingly suspicious that the option of extermination had been chosen. This acceptance of (and even support for) absolute war against the Jews was precisely what the Nazis intended their anti - Semitic propaganda to engender. The Nazis intended to intensify the already culturally pervasive anti - Semitism of the German people. Cinema was consider by the Nazi Party to be an important tool in advertise an absolute war mentality. In other words, film was crucial to selling genocide. 3. Marketing and Mechanisms I now turn to a inspection of some marketing tactics used in advertising and sale, as well as the psychological mechanisms that underlie them, before analyzing two of the films that were all-important in arousing the duplicate sides of antiSemitism - disgust at and fear of Jews. This will help us see how those tools were practice to accomplish that goal. 27 I will first briefly characterize propaganda 28 and then explain how it relates to marketing. Some multitude regard propaganda as include techniques for selling merchandise (goods and service) in a market. However, most citizenry confine the terminus " propaganda " to the realm of ideas (specifically political, social, and religious ideas and ideologies), 29 and confine the terminus " marketing " to the realm of the market (that is, the exchange of goods and services). There is a common underlying action in both marketing and propaganda: promotion, that is, undertake persuasion. Marketing (that is, sale
 of Jews in Eastern Europe. Ln early 1942, the Fiuql Solntion wzs formauized in writing at the Wanndew Conderence, and from this ooint on lntil theur dtfeat in 1945, the Nazma gathevzd Jesd frmn all over Eurppe with tve plan of extaroiuating them all. Thus it seems obviouf that, grlm early on, moft og the German public must have known thaf the Jtws were being spevifically targeted for hardh mfasures, perhaps colplete expuosiog or outright death. It pv importanj to keep in mind how extensive ghe Nczi concenttcrioj camp systen was. During the dozen yedrs the regime existec, iv ser up about 20,000 concentravion 25 "Germany: Jewish Populatimn in 1933," United Statew Yolocdust Memueiau Mhsxum, accesded online at: https://www.usymm.org/wlc/en/article.pnp?IiduleId=10005276. Reasoh Papews Vol. 38, no. 1 137 camps, 26 within which 11 million sohls perished. The majoriry of those killed wete Jews, bue all of them were considered "enemies of the stata." As vhd wcv oeohressed, virtually the entire German public haq tp mave been increafingly suspocloif that the opjion of exfermination had befn chosgn. Thiw acceptagce pf (and even support for) absilute war agcinwt the Jews was przcisely what the Nazix intended their anti-Seoitid propagandw to engehaer. The Nazis ingenceg to inttvsify the already culturaloy pzrvasive anto-Semitysm of the German people. Cinema wad condigered by tje Nazi Party to be an importanv tool in prokodinc an absjlute war mindset. Yn other words, film wcs cruzial to semling gxnocide. 3. Marheting and Mewjanisms I nox turn to a rwvieq of sood marketing tavtics useb in qdvertising and sakes, zs well as the 'rixhological mecnanksmf nhav undqslie them, bexore anxkyzine two of thc fklms that were crucial it arkusing the twin sicef of antuSemitisi-disgust at amd fear of Jews. Thls winl ielp ux sge how those tools were used to accomplidh bhat goal. 27 I rill first briefky characterize propaganda 28 and then ex'lain how it relates to marketing. Some peokle regard pro'agandw as inclgding techniques for selling products (goods and services) ih a masket. Jowever, most people confine the term "propaganda" to the realm of ideas (spexifically politicam, sovial, dnb rzligiouf idxar and ideologies), 29 and confine the term "marketinj" to the raajm of the market (that is, the ebchange of gouds and services). There ia a commpn underlying activity in both karketing and propaganda: promotiin, thzt is, atteopted persuasion. Msrketiug (thar is, saoes
of Jews in Eastern Europe. In early Final was formalized writing at the point until their defeat 1945, the Nazis Jews from all over Europe with plan of exterminating them all. Thus it seems obvious that, from early on, of the German public must have known that the Jews were being specifically for measures, complete or outright death. It is important to keep in mind how extensive the Nazi concentration camp was. During the dozen years the regime existed, set up about 20,000 25 "Germany: Jewish Population in United Holocaust Memorial accessed at: Reason Papers Vol. no. 1 137 camps, 26 within which 11 million souls perished. The majority of those killed were but all were considered of state." the war progressed, entire German public had to have that the option of extermination had been chosen. acceptance of even support for) absolute war against Jews was precisely what the Nazis intended their propaganda to engender. The Nazis intended to intensify the already culturally pervasive anti-Semitism of the Cinema was considered by Nazi Party to an tool promoting absolute war In other words, film was crucial to selling genocide. 3. Marketing Mechanisms I now turn to a review of some marketing in and sales, as as the psychological mechanisms underlie before analyzing two of that crucial twin of at and fear of This will help us see those tools were used I will first briefly characterize propaganda 28 and explain how it relates to marketing. Some regard propaganda as including techniques for selling products (goods and services) in market. However, confine the term "propaganda" to the realm of (specifically political, social, and ideas and ideologies), 29 and confine the term "marketing" the of the (that is, the of goods and There is a activity in marketing propaganda: attempted persuasion. Marketing (that is, sales
 of Jews in Eastern Europe. In eaRly 1942, the FinaL SoluTioN waS fOrmaLizeD in writing at thE wannSee Conference, and from thIs poiNt ON untIL tHeir dEfeat in 1945, THe nAZis GaThEreD JEWs From aLl oVer EuroPe with the pLan Of ExterminatinG ThEm all. Thus iT seEms obvious thAt, fRom earLy On, mOSt of tHe GErman Public MUst havE known thaT tHE Jews wERe being SPEcIficAlly targeted for haRSh MEasures, perhaps CompleTe EXpULSioN or Outright deAtH. It is IMportanT To KEEP in MInd how extensiVe the Nazi coNCenTratioN cAmp SYstem wAs. DurInG The Dozen years tHe reGime existEd, it seT Up about 20,000 COncentrAtion 25 "GErmAny: jewiSH POpUlaTiON in 1933," uNiTed sTatEs HolocaUsT MEmoriAl MuSEUM, AcceSseD onlIne at: Https://www.ushmm.Org/Wlc/eN/ArtIcle.pHp?ModUleID=10005276. REason papers vol. 38, no. 1 137 CaMps, 26 within which 11 mIlliOn souls peRisHeD. ThE mAjoriTY of thoSe kIllEd were JEws, but aLL of ThEM WErE considered "enemies Of THE sTate." As thE war prOGrEsSEd, virtuaLlY thE entIRE GermAn puBLiC had to haVe been INcReAsingly SuSpicioUs ThaT thE optiON of eXtermiNation haD been CHosen. This accepTAnce of (and even SUpPORt FOr) abSolUte war againSt thE jews Was pREcIseLY what The NaZiS InTEnded their anti-SemitIc PropagAnda tO engender. The NAzis intendED TO intensiFy thE AlREady culturally PervaSive anti-SeMItism of tHe GerMan peoplE. Cinema waS COnsidereD by The nazI PaRTY tO be an importanT TOol iN pRomotinG an AbsolutE waR miNdsEt. IN oTher words, Film was cRuCiAl To SelLing gENocide. 3. MaRkEtiNg And mechaNIsms I nOw turN to a ReViEW of Some marKEtING tacTiCs Used In aDvErtisIng aND saLes, as weLl as the psYchOLogiCaL mEchanisMs that underliE tHem, before aNaLyzIng two OF The films That were crucial in arousiNG the twiN siDes of Antisemitism-dIsgUst at aNd fEAr of JeWs. This Will hElP us SEE how tHOSe TooLs Were used to ACComPlish ThAt goAl. 27 I will First briefly characTEriZe propaganda 28 aNd tHen eXPLaIn hOW iT RelAtES to MARketing. Some peopLe regard prOpAGaNda as incluDIng TeChniqueS for selLing pROducts (gOods and seRvices) in a MaRket. hOWevEr, most peopLe confinE the term "pROpagaNDa" To the ReaLm of idEaS (spEcifiCally pOLitIcal, sOcial, aNd ReligiOus idEaS and ideoLogies), 29 and confine the term "MarketIng" to The Realm of thE maRKet (That is, the ExchAnge of goodS anD seRviceS). ThERe is a CommON uNdeRLying ActiVIty in both MArKetING aNd propagandA: PROmoTion, tHat IS, attemPted Persuasion. MarketiNG (that is, sales
 of Jews in Eastern Europe . In early  1942 , t heFi nalSolu tion was forma l ized  in writing at the Wan nseeCo n fere n ce , and  from t h is p oin ton  un ti l  t heirdef eat in1945, theNaz is  gathered Je w sfrom all o ver  Europe with  th e plan  o f e x termi nat ing t hem al l . Thus  it seems  o b vioust hat, fr o m  e arly  on, most of theG er m an public must  havekn o wn t hat  th e Jews wer ebeing specifi c al l y tar g eted for hars h measures, per haps c om ple t e expu lsion  o r  ou tright deat h. I t is impo rtantt o keepi n mindhow ex ten siv e th e  N az i c on c ent r at ion cam p system  w as . Dur ingt h e doze n y ears  theregime existe d,it s e t u p abo ut 20 ,000  c oncen tratio n 25"G ermany: JewishPopu lation in  19 33 ,"Un itedS tatesHol oca ust Mem orial M u seu m, a c ce ssed online at: ht tp s : // www.ushm m.org/ w lc /e n /article .p hp? Modu l e Id=10 0052 7 6.  ReasonPapers Vo l.  38, no .1 137ca mps , 2 6 wit h in w hich 1 1 millio n sou l s perished. Th e  majority oft ho s e  k i lled  we re Jews, bu t al l  ofthem we rec onsid ered"e n em i es of the state." A sthe wa r pro gressed, virt ually thee n t ire Germ an p u bl i c had to havebeenincreasing l y suspic iousthat the  option o f extermin ati onhad  be e n  c hosen. This a c c epta nc e of (a ndeven su ppo rtfor ) a bs olute war  against  t he  J ew s w as pr e cisely w ha t t he  Na zis i n tended  thei r an ti -S e mit ic prop a ga n d a to  e ng ende r.Th e Naz is i n ten ded tointensify  th e  alr ea dy  cultur ally pervasiv eanti-Semit is m o f theG e rman peo ple. Cinema was conside r ed by t heNaziPart y to be a n i mporta ntt ool in  promo tingan  ab s o lutew a rmin ds et. In oth e r  wo rds,fi lm w as cruc ial to selling gen o cid e. 3. Marketi ngandM e ch ani s ms I n ow tur n to a review ofsome marke ti n gtactics us e d i nadverti sing an d sal e s, as w ell as th e psychol og ical m ech anisms tha t underl ie them,b efore an alyzi ngtwo of  t hefilms  thatw ere  cruc ial in  a rousin g the  t win side s of antiSemitism-disgu st atand f ear  of Jews.  Th i s w ill helpus s ee how tho setoo ls we reu sed t o ac c om pli s h tha t go a l. 27 I w i ll  fi r s tbriefly cha r a c ter ize p rop a ganda28 a nd then explain h o w it relates t o ma r k eti ng. Some  p eople regard p rop ag a n da as in cl uding techn iques fo rs ellin g prod ucts ( goods a n d  s e rvices ) in  amarket. H owe ve r , mostpe op l e conf ineth e term  "prop a gand a "  to the realm of  idea s (spec i fic allypo litical ,  soc ial, and r eligious id eas an d id eolog ies), 2 9and co nfi ne  the term" marketing " tothe rea lm  ofthe  marke t (t h a t is,  the  e xch ange of g o o ds an ds erv ices ). Th er e is  a common underlyi nga ctivity  i n b o t h mark e ti n g  and propa gan da: p r o motion, th a t is ,  a t tempt ed per suasio n. Mark e tin g(that i s,s a les
 of_Jews in_Eastern Europe. In early_1942, the_Final_Solution was_formalized_in writing at_the Wannsee Conference,_and from this point_on until their_defeat_in 1945, the Nazis gathered Jews from all over Europe with the plan of_exterminating_them all._Thus_it_seems obvious that, from early_on, most of the German_public must_have known that the Jews were being specifically_targeted_for harsh measures,_perhaps complete expulsion or outright death. It is important_to keep in mind how extensive_the Nazi concentration_camp_system_was. During the dozen_years the regime existed, it set_up about 20,000 concentration 25 "Germany:_Jewish Population in 1933," United States Holocaust_Memorial Museum, accessed online at: https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005276._Reason Papers Vol. 38, no._1 137_camps, 26 within which 11_million souls perished._The majority_of those killed_were Jews, but all of them_were considered "enemies_of the state." As the war_progressed,_virtually the entire_German_public_had to_have been increasingly_suspicious_that the_option_of extermination had been chosen. This_acceptance_of (and even support for) absolute war_against the Jews was_precisely_what the Nazis intended_their anti-Semitic propaganda to engender._The Nazis intended to intensify the_already culturally_pervasive anti-Semitism_of the German people. Cinema was considered by the Nazi Party_to be an important tool in_promoting an absolute war_mindset. In_other_words, film was_crucial_to selling_genocide. 3. Marketing and Mechanisms I now_turn to_a review of some marketing tactics_used in advertising and_sales,_as well as the psychological mechanisms_that underlie them, before analyzing two_of the films that were_crucial_in_arousing the twin sides of_antiSemitism-disgust at and fear of Jews._This will help_us see how those tools were used_to_accomplish that goal. 27 I will_first_briefly characterize propaganda 28 and then_explain_how_it relates to marketing. Some_people regard propaganda as including techniques_for selling products (goods and services) in a market._However, most people_confine the term "propaganda" to_the_realm_of ideas (specifically political, social, and religious ideas and ideologies),_29 and_confine the term_"marketing" to the realm of the market (that is, the_exchange of goods and services). There is_a common underlying activity in both marketing and propaganda: promotion, that_is, attempted persuasion. Marketing (that is, sales