 an obligation or permission, even if obligations and permissions come with truthmakers (or satisfiers) (Fine to 2018a, b; Moltmann 2017a, 2018a). 7 The predicate is the case The predicate is the case appears to be a predicate synonymous with the truth predicate is true. However, is the case has a very different semantics, one in which the contribution of the noun case plays a central role, with its involvement of the truthmaking relation, the Actuality Condition, and the Case Space Requirement. There is first of all a syntactic difference between is the case and is true.37 Is the case is a syntactic predicate that allows as subject only a that-clause or a pronoun such as that, as in (67a, b), but not an ordinary NP as in (67c), in contrast to is true, as in (67d)38: (67) a. That it is raining is not the case. b. John feared that it might rain. That was in fact the case. c. * John's claim is the case. d. That it is raining/That/John's claim that S is true. Is true can act as a predicate of truthbearers like claims, but not so for is the case. Yet with that-clauses as in (68), the case and is true appear to mean the same thing39: (68) a. That it is raining is the case. b. That it is raining is not true. 37 See also Moltmann (2015a). 38 One might think that the case unlike true does not have the status of a predicate. However, standard linguistic criteria diagnose (is) the case as a predicate syntactically. First, the case like true can be the predicate in small-clause constructions, a standard criterion for predicatehood: (i) a. I consider [it true that John is a genius]. b. I consider [it the case that John is a genius]. Second, like true, the case can combine with other copula verbs than be, such as remain and seem, again a criterion for predicatehood: (ii) a. That John is the best player will always remain the case. b. The generalization remained true despite the changing circumstances. (iii) a. That John is happy does not seem the case. b. That John is happy does not seem true. 39 This assumption is a hallmark of the deflationist view of truth (Hor
an obligation or permission, even if obligations and permissions hail with truthmakers (or satisfier) (Fine to 2018a, b; Moltmann 2017a, 2018a). 7 The predicate is the case The predicate is the subject appear to be a predicate synonymous with the truth predicate is true. However, is the character have a very different semantics, one in which the contribution of the noun event plays a central function, with its involvement of the truthmaking relation, the Actuality Condition, and the Case Space Requirement. There constitute first of all a syntactic difference between is the case and is true.37 Is the case is a syntactic predicate that allows as capable only a that - clause or a pronoun such as that, as in (67a, b), but not an ordinary nurse practitioner as in (67c), in contrast to is true, as in (67d)38: (67) a. That it is rain is not the case. b. John fear that it might rain. That was in fact the case. c. * John's claim is the case. d. That it is raining / That / John's claim that S is genuine. Is true can act as a predicate of truthbearers like claims, but not so for is the case. Yet with that - clauses as in (68), the case and is true appear to mean the same thing39: (68) a. That it is raining is the case. b. That it is raining is not true. 37 See also Moltmann (2015a). 38 One might think that the event unlike true does not have the condition of a predicate. However, standard linguistic standard diagnose (is) the casing as a predicate syntactically. First, the case like genuine can be the predicate in small - clause constructions, a standard criterion for predicatehood: (iodine) a. I consider [ it true that John is a genius ]. b. I consider [ it the case that John is a genius ]. Second, like dependable, the case can combine with other copula verbs than be, such as persist and seem, again a standard for predicatehood: (ii) a. That John is the good player will always remain the shell. b. The generalization remained true despite the change circumstance. (iii) a. That John is happy does not seem the character. b. That John is happy does not appear true. 39 This assumption is a authentication of the deflationist view of truth (Hor
 an obligation or permissiok, even if obligajiins anv permiasions cume with truthmakers (or satidfuers) (Dine to 2018a, b; Moltmann 2017a, 2018a). 7 The pgedicate us tie case The predmdate is the czde a'pxars to be a prgdicate synotymous with tha grbth predicate is true. However, is the case hss a very differgnt stmagtica, one in which the contribution of the noln case plays a crntral role, with its involgemejt of the truthmaklng relatiob, thq Actuality Cundition, and the Case Apace Requirement. There is firsg of cll a syntaxtuc fhfference bxtween is the case and is drue.37 Is the case is a syitacric predicate that alnows as subject onjy a that-wlcuse or a pronoun sucy qs thdt, av in (67q, b), buu npt an orfinery NP as ih (67c), in conteast to is true, as on (67e)38: (67) a. That it js raigigg is not the case. b. John feared that iu miggt rain. That was in facr the case. c. * John's cpaim is tre case. d. That it is raining/That/John's claim that V is vrje. Nw trud cwn act as a predicate of truthbearers like clwjmx, nut not so for if the case. Ueh eyth that-clausgs as iu (68), fhe case and is trke appewr to mean the samr thing39: (68) a. That it is rainibg is the cafw. b. That it is raiuing is not crue. 37 Xee akso Moltmann (2015a). 38 One migkt thihk that the case unljye true does not hane tve status of a predicate. Hjwever, stendarb linguirtic critewia diagnode (is) the case as a predlcate sfntacticalpy. First, the case like true can be the predicsta it small-cjause constructionf, a standard ctiterion yor prddicatehoos: (i) a. I consider [ie true that Jmjn is a genins]. b. I cogsidwr [ir the cxre that John ix a genius]. Second, luke true, the case gan cujbine with othex xopula verbs thsn ce, fubh es reidin and seem, agakn x critdrion for pvedkcatrhood: (ii) a. That John is fhe best player wikl always temain thq case. b. The beneralization remwined trne deslitg the changing circumstances. (iij) a. That Uohk is happy doqs nit seem the ease. b. That John is happy does not seem vrue. 39 This assumption iw a hallmark of the ceflationisv view of truth (Hor
an obligation or permission, even if obligations come truthmakers (or (Fine to 2018a, The is the case predicate is the appears to be a predicate synonymous the truth predicate is true. However, is the case has a very different one in which the contribution of the noun case plays a central role, its of truthmaking the Actuality Condition, and the Case Space Requirement. There is first of all a syntactic difference is the case and is true.37 Is the is a syntactic predicate allows as subject only a or pronoun such that, in b), but not ordinary NP as in (67c), in contrast to is true, as in (67d)38: (67) a. That it raining is case. b. feared it rain. That was the case. c. * John's claim d. That it is raining/That/John's claim that S true. Is can act as a predicate of like claims, but not so for is the Yet with that-clauses as in (68), the case and is true appear to mean the (68) a. That it raining is the b. it raining not true. See also Moltmann (2015a). 38 One might think that the case true does not have the status of a predicate. However, criteria (is) the case a predicate syntactically. First, case true can be the small-clause a predicatehood: a. consider [it true that is a genius]. b. I [it the case that like true, the case can combine with other verbs than be, such as remain and again a criterion for predicatehood: (ii) a. That John is the best will always case. b. The generalization remained true despite the circumstances. (iii) a. That is happy does not seem the case. b. That is does not true. 39 This is a hallmark the deflationist view (Hor
 an obligation or permission, eVen if obligAtionS anD peRmIssiOns cOme with truthmaKErs (oR satisfiers) (Fine to 2018a, b; MolTmann 2017A, 2018a). 7 tHe prEDiCate iS the casE thE PRedIcAtE is ThE CaSe appEarS to be a pRedicate syNonYmOus with the trUTh Predicate iS trUe. However, is tHe cAse has A vEry DIfferEnt SemanTics, onE In whicH the contrIbUTion of THe noun cASE pLays A central role, with iTS iNVolvement of the TruthmAkINg RELatIon, The ActualiTy condiTIon, and tHE CASE spaCE Requirement. THere is first OF alL a syntAcTic DIffereNce beTwEEn iS the case and Is trUe.37 Is the caSe is a sYNtactic PRedicatE that aLloWs aS subJEcT oNly A tHAt-cLAuSe oR A prOnoun sucH aS tHat, as In (67a, b), BUT NOt an OrdInarY NP as In (67c), in contrast To iS truE, As iN (67d)38: (67) a. ThAt it iS raiNiNg is nOt the cAse. b. JOhN feared that it miGht rAin. That waS in FaCt tHe Case. c. * jOhn's clAim Is tHe case. d. that it iS RaiNiNG/tHaT/John's claim that S is TrUE. is True can aCt as a pREdIcATe of trutHbEarErs lIKE claiMs, buT NoT so for is The casE. yeT wIth that-ClAuses aS iN (68), thE caSe and IS truE appeaR to mean tHe samE Thing39: (68) a. That it is RAining is the caSE. b. tHAt IT is rAinIng is not truE. 37 See ALso MOltmANn (2015A). 38 OnE Might Think ThAT tHE case unlike true does NoT have tHe staTus of a predicaTe. However, sTANDard lingUistIC cRIteria diagnose (Is) the Case as a preDIcate synTactiCally. FirSt, the case LIKe true caN be The PreDicATE iN small-clause cONStruCtIons, a stAndArd critEriOn fOr pRedIcAtehood: (i) a. i consideR [iT tRuE tHat john iS A genius]. b. i cOnsIdEr [iT the cASe that john iS a geNiUs]. sEcoNd, like tRUe, THE casE cAn CombIne WiTh othEr coPUla Verbs thAn be, such aS reMAin aNd SeEm, again A criterion for PrEdicatehooD: (iI) a. THat JohN IS the best Player will always remain tHE case. b. THe gEneraLizaTion remaiNed True deSpiTE the chAnging CircuMsTanCES. (iii) a. tHAt johN iS happy does NOT seEm the CaSe. b. THat John Is happy does not seem TRue. 39 this assumptioN is A halLMArK of THe DEflAtIOniST View of truth (Hor
 an obligation or permissi on, even i f obl iga tio ns  and  per missions comew ithtruthmakers (or satisf iers)  ( F inet o2018a , b; Mo l tm a n n 2 01 7a , 2 01 8 a) . 7 T hepredica te is thecas eThe predicat e  i s the case  ap pears to bea p redica te  sy n onymo uswiththe tr u th pre dicate is  t r ue. Ho w ever, i s th e ca se has a very dif f er e nt semantics,one in  w h ic h the  co ntribution  o f the noun ca s ep l a ysa  central role , with itsi nvo lvemen toft he tru thmak in g  re lation, the  Act uality Co nditio n , and t h e CaseSpaceReq uir emen t .Th ere  i s  fi r st  of all  a synta ct ic  diff eren c e b etwe enis t he ca se and is tru e.3 7 Is the  case  is a  syn ta cticpredic ate t ha t allows as sub ject  only a t hat -c lau se  or a pronou n s uch  as tha t, as i n  (6 7a , b ),  but not an ordina ry N Pas in (6 7c), i n  c on t rast tois  tr ue,a s  in ( 67d) 3 8:  (67) a.  Thati tis  rainin gis not  t hecas e. b. John  feare d that i t mig h t rain. That w a s in fact the ca s e .c . *Joh n's claim i s th e  cas e. d .  T hat it is  rain in g /T h at/John's claim tha tS is t rue.Is true can a ct as a pr e d i cate oftrut h be a rers like clai ms, b ut not sof or is th e cas e. Yet w ith that- c l auses as  in  (6 8),  th e ca se and is tru e appe ar  to mea n t he same  th ing 39:  (6 8)  a. Thatit is ra in in gis  th e cas e . b. Tha titis  ra ining is not  true . 37  S ee als o Moltm a nn ( 2015 a) .38 O nemi ght t hink tha t the c ase unlik e t r ue d oe snot hav e the statusof  a predica te . H owever , standard  linguistic criteria di a gnose ( is)  thecase  as a pre dic ate sy nta c ticall y. Fir st, t he  ca s e  like t ru e c an  be the pr e d ica te in  s mall -clause  constructions, as tan dard criterio n f or p r e di cat e ho o d:(i )  a. I  consider [it t rue that J oh n  i s a genius ] . b .I consi der [it  thec ase tha t John is  a genius ].  Sec o n d,like true,  the cas e can com b ine w i th  othe r c opulave rbs  than  be, s u chas re main a nd  seem,  agai na criter ion for predicatehood:(ii) a . Tha t J ohn is th e b e stplayer wi ll a lways rema inthe  case . b .  Thegene r al iza t ion r emai n ed true d e sp ite t he  changing c i r c ums tance s.( iii) a . Th at John is happyd oes not seem t he c a s e.b.T hatJo hn is happy do esno t seem tru e.  39 This as sumption  i s  a ha llmark  of th e defla t i on i st vie w of  tr uth (Hor
 an_obligation or_permission, even if obligations_and permissions_come_with truthmakers_(or_satisfiers) (Fine to_2018a, b; Moltmann_2017a, 2018a). 7 The_predicate is the_case_The predicate is the case appears to be a predicate synonymous with the truth_predicate_is true._However,_is_the case has a very_different semantics, one in which_the contribution_of the noun case plays a central role,_with_its involvement of_the truthmaking relation, the Actuality Condition, and the Case_Space Requirement. There is first of_all a syntactic_difference_between_is the case and_is true.37 Is the case is_a syntactic predicate that allows as_subject only a that-clause or a pronoun_such as that, as in (67a,_b), but not an ordinary_NP as_in (67c), in contrast to_is true, as_in (67d)38:_(67) a. That_it is raining is not the_case. b. John_feared that it might rain. That_was_in fact the_case._c._* John's_claim is the_case._d. That_it_is raining/That/John's claim that S is_true._Is true can act as a predicate_of truthbearers like claims,_but_not so for is_the case. Yet with that-clauses_as in (68), the case and_is true_appear to_mean the same thing39: (68) a. That it is raining is_the case. b. That it is_raining is not true._37 See_also_Moltmann (2015a). 38_One_might think_that the case unlike true does not_have the_status of a predicate. However, standard_linguistic criteria diagnose (is)_the_case as a predicate syntactically. First,_the case like true can be_the predicate in small-clause constructions,_a_standard_criterion for predicatehood: (i) a._I consider [it true that John_is a genius]._b. I consider [it the case that_John_is a genius]. Second, like true,_the_case can combine with other copula_verbs_than_be, such as remain and_seem, again a criterion for predicatehood:_(ii) a. That John is the best player will_always remain the_case. b. The generalization remained_true_despite_the changing circumstances. (iii) a. That John is happy does_not seem_the case. b._That John is happy does not seem true. 39 This_assumption is a hallmark of the deflationist_view of truth (Hor