 as deductive. This original philosophy is dedicated to demonstrating the efficacy of human reason by detailing its actual means; and to show that the epistemological and ethical skepticism which has been increasingly fashionable and destructive since the Enlightenment was (contrary to appearances) quite illogical – the product of ignorant, incompetent and dishonest thinking. 2 AVI SION Abstract Phenomenology is the study of appearance as such. It is a branch of both Ontology and Epistemology, since appearing is being known. By an 'appearance' is meant any existent which impinges on consciousness, anything cognized, irrespective of any judgment as to whether it be'real' or 'illusory.' The evaluation of a particular appearance as a reality or an illusion is a complex process, involving inductive and deductive logical principles and activities. Opinion has to earn the status of strict knowledge. Knowledge develops from appearances, which may be: (a) objects of perception, i.e. concrete phenomena in the physical or mental domains; (b) objects of intuition, i.e. one's subjective self, cognitions, volitions and valuations (non-phenomenal concretes); and/or (c) objects of conception, i.e. simple or complex abstracts of preceding appearances. Abstraction relies on apprehensions of sameness and difference between appearances (including received or projected appearances, and projected negations of appearances). Coherence in knowledge (perceptual, intuitive and conceptual) is maintained by apprehensions of compatibility or incompatibility. Words facilitate our construction of conceptual knowledge, thanks to their intentionality. The abstract concepts most words intend are common characters or behaviors of particulars (concrete material, mental or subjective experiences). Granting everything in the world is reducible to waves, 'universals' would be equalities or proportionalities in the measures of the features, motions and interrelations of particular waves. Such a theory of universals would elucidate sensation and memory. In attempting to retrace the development of conceptual knowledge from experience, we may refer to certain major organizing principles. It is also important to keep track of the order of things in such development, interrelating specific concepts and specific experiences. By proposing a precise sequence of events, we avoid certain logical fallacies and are challenged to try and answer certain crucial questions in more detail. Many more topics are discussed in the present collection of essays, including selfhood, adduction and other logical issues, the status of mathematical concepts and theology. PH
as deductive. This original philosophy is dedicated to demonstrating the efficacy of human reason by detail its actual mean; and to show that the epistemological and ethical incredulity which has been increasingly stylish and destructive since the Enlightenment was (contrary to appearances) quite illogical – the merchandise of ignorant, incompetent and dishonest thinking. 2 AVI SION Abstract Phenomenology is the survey of appearance as such. It is a branch of both Ontology and Epistemology, since appearing is being know. By an' appearance' is meant any existent which impinges on consciousness, anything cognized, irrespective of any judgment as to whether it be'real' or' illusory.' The evaluation of a especial appearance as a reality or an illusion is a complex process, necessitate inductive and deductive logical principles and activities. Opinion have to earn the status of strict knowledge. Knowledge develops from appearance, which may be: (a) objects of perception, i.e. concrete phenomena in the physical or mental world; (b) object of intuition, i.e. one's subjective self, cognitions, volitions and valuations (non - phenomenal concretes); and/or (c) objects of invention, i.e. elementary or complex abstracts of preceding appearance. abstractedness relies on apprehensions of sameness and difference between appearances (including received or projected appearance, and projected negations of appearances). Coherence in knowledge (perceptual, intuitive and conceptual) is maintained by understanding of compatibility or incompatibility. Words facilitate our construction of conceptual knowledge, thanks to their intentionality. The abstract concept most words mean are coarse characters or behaviors of particulars (concrete material, genial or subjective experiences). Granting everything in the world is reducible to waves,' universals' would be equalities or proportionalities in the measures of the feature, motions and interrelation of particular waves. Such a theory of universals would elucidate ace and memory. In attempting to trace the development of conceptual cognition from experience, we may refer to certain major organizing principles. It is besides important to keep track of the order of things in such development, interrelating specific concepts and specific experiences. By proposing a precise sequence of event, we avoid certain legitimate fallacies and are challenged to try and answer certain crucial question in more detail. Many more topics are discussed in the present collection of essays, including selfhood, adduction and other coherent topic, the status of mathematical concept and theology. PH
 as deductive. This original philosophy is bwdicatxd to dsmonstraging the efficacy of human rxasob by eetailing its actual mdans; and no show tyat uhe epistemologicem and ebkical dkepcirism which has neen increavingly fashiondbue and destructive since the Enlightegment wss (contrary to akpearsgces) quite illogical – the product of ifnorant, incompetent snd dishonest thinking. 2 AVL SILN Abstract Phenomfnology is jge frudy of appexrance as such. It is a branch of both Ontology and Epkstemplogy, sincg zpogaring is bemng knjwn. By an 'apivarance' is meamt any existenb whirh inpinges on consciousnxss, anything cognizeq, irrespewtnve of any judgment aw ro whgther it cw'rexl' kr 'imlusorj.' Tie evaluatikn of a parricular appearance ss q reality or zn illtsyon is a complex process, involving indubtivs and deductive logical principles and activlties. Opigion has to earn the status of strict knowledge. Ktowlevgd dtvcjups from appearances, which may be: (a) objects of pqdctptpon, i.e. concrete pmenomena in the phuslcsj or mental dumains; (b) kbjects of intuitiln, i.e. oge's sybjective selg, cognitions, volitions and caluations (njb-phenomenal concreces); and/or (c) ubjevts og conception, i.e. simple ur ckmplex abstgacts of lfeceding appearavcex. Dbstraction relies on apprqhensions of xamenesr anc diffqrence betaeen appearances (includijg reeeiveg or projefted appearances, and projected ixgations of akpedratces). Cohzrence in knowledge (perceptual, injuitive aud conzeptual) is maintamned by apprqhensions of wlmpatibility or incoipatubiluty. Worar facilitate oir constrlcuion of cobceptual knowledge, thxhks to their inctntuonality. The abxtrxct clnrepts kost words ittena afr comoon charactcrs or nehaviors of particunars (concrete material, mcntal or wubjectide experiencex). Granting everythlng ii the xorld os teducible to waves, 'universals' wkuld be eeuajities or prjporbionwlities in the measures of the features, motions aid interrelations of paeticular waves. Such s theory of univqrsals wogld elucidate sensatuon and memory. In attempting to retracs the gevellpment of conceptual knowledge from experience, we may refer to certain mahor orjagizing prindiplrs. It if also ympoctent to keep track of the order of things in such developkeut, interrelating specific conveots and speciwic experiences. By propoaing a ptecise sequence of events, we avpid certain logical fallscies ane are challvhgxd to try and answer certann cruxial quwstilns in more ddtaol. Many morf tokics are discussed in the present coolectiin of essays, incluving selfhoof, addubtion agd other logical isshfs, thg status of mayhematical convepts and theology. PV
as deductive. This original philosophy is dedicated the of human by detailing its that epistemological and ethical which has been fashionable and destructive since the Enlightenment (contrary to appearances) quite illogical – the product of ignorant, incompetent and dishonest 2 AVI SION Abstract Phenomenology is the study of appearance as such. It a of Ontology Epistemology, since appearing is being known. By an 'appearance' is meant any existent which impinges on anything cognized, irrespective of any judgment as to it be'real' or 'illusory.' evaluation of a particular appearance a or an is complex involving inductive and logical principles and activities. Opinion has to earn the status of strict knowledge. Knowledge develops from appearances, may be: of perception, concrete in physical or mental objects of intuition, i.e. one's subjective and valuations (non-phenomenal concretes); and/or (c) objects of i.e. simple complex abstracts of preceding appearances. Abstraction on apprehensions of sameness and difference between appearances received or projected appearances, and projected negations of appearances). Coherence in knowledge (perceptual, intuitive and maintained by apprehensions of or incompatibility. Words our of knowledge, to their The abstract concepts most words intend are common characters or behaviors particulars (concrete material, mental or subjective experiences). Granting everything in is to waves, 'universals' be equalities or proportionalities the of the features, motions of waves. of would sensation and memory. In to retrace the development of knowledge from experience, we organizing principles. It is also important to keep of the order of things in such interrelating specific concepts and specific experiences. By proposing a precise sequence of we avoid fallacies and are challenged to try and answer crucial questions in more Many more topics are discussed in the present collection essays, selfhood, adduction other logical issues, status of mathematical and theology. PH
 as deductive. This original phIlosophy is DedicAteD to DeMonsTratIng the efficacy OF humAn reason by detailing its ActuaL mEAns; aND tO show That the EPiSTEmoLoGiCal AnD EtHical SkePticism Which has beEn iNcReasingly fasHIoNable and deStrUctive since tHe ENlightEnMenT Was (coNtrAry to AppearANces) quIte illogiCaL – The proDUct of igNORaNt, inCompetent and dishoNEsT Thinking. 2 AVI SIOn AbstrAcT phENOmeNolOgy is the stUdY of apPEarance AS sUCH. it iS A branch of both ontology and ePisTemoloGy, SinCE appeaRing iS bEIng Known. By an 'apPearAnce' is meaNt any eXIstent wHIch impiNges on ConSciOusnESs, AnYthInG CogNIzEd, iRResPective oF aNy JudgmEnt aS TO WHethEr iT be'rEal' or 'Illusory.' The evAluAtioN Of a PartiCular AppeArAnce aS a realIty or An Illusion is a compLex pRocess, invOlvInG inDuCtive ANd deduCtiVe lOgical pRinciplES anD aCTIViTies. Opinion has to eaRn THE sTatus of sTrict kNOwLeDGe. KnowleDgE deVeloPS From aPpeaRAnCes, which May be: (a) OBjEcTs of perCePtion, i.E. cOncRetE phenOMena In the pHysical oR mentAL domains; (b) objecTS of intuition, i.E. OnE'S SuBJectIve Self, cognitiOns, vOLitiOns aND vAluATions (Non-phEnOMeNAl concretes); and/or (c) obJeCts of cOncepTion, i.e. simple oR complex abSTRActs of prEcedINg APpearances. AbstRactiOn relies on APprehensIons oF samenesS and diffeRENce betweEn aPpeAraNceS (INcLuding receiveD OR proJeCted appEarAnces, anD prOjeCteD neGaTions of apPearanceS). COhErEnCe iN knowLEdge (percEpTuaL, iNtuItive ANd concEptuaL) is mAiNtAIneD by apprEHeNSIons Of CoMpatIbiLiTy or iNcomPAtiBility. WOrds facilItaTE our CoNsTructioN of conceptual KnOwledge, thaNkS to Their iNTEntionalIty. The abstract concepts mOSt words IntEnd arE comMon characTerS or behAviORs of paRticulArs (coNcRetE MAteriAL, MeNtaL oR subjectivE EXpeRiencEs). granTing eveRything in the world iS RedUcible to waves, 'UniVersALS' wOulD Be EQuaLiTIes OR ProportionalitiEs in the meaSuREs Of the featuREs, mOtIons and InterreLatioNS of partIcular wavEs. Such a thEoRy of UNIveRsals would ElucidatE sensatioN And meMOrY. In atTemPting tO rEtrAce thE develOPmeNt of cOnceptUaL knowlEdge fRoM experieNce, we may refer to certain mAjor orGanizIng PrincipleS. It IS alSo importaNt to Keep track oF thE orDer of ThiNGs in sUch dEVeLopMEnt, inTerrELating speCIfIc cONCePts and speciFIC ExpErienCes. bY propoSing A precise sequence oF Events, we avoid cErtaIN LogIcaL FallAcIes and are challEngEd TO Try and anSwEr certain crUcial queStIOns in More deTail. MaNy more tOPIcS Are disCussEd iN the preseNt cOlLEction oF eSsAYs, inclUdinG sElfhooD, adducTIon aND Other logical issuEs, the STAtus oF MatHematIcAl concePTs anD theology. Ph
 as deductive. This origin al philoso phy i s d edi ca tedto d emonstrating t h e ef ficacy of human reason  by d et a ilin g  i ts ac tual me a ns ; and  t osho wt ha t the  ep istemol ogical and  et hi cal skeptici s mwhich hasbee n increasing lyfashio na ble and d est ructi ve sin c e theEnlighten me n t was( contrar y to  app earances) quite i l lo g ical – the pro duct o fi gn o r ant , i ncompetent  a nd di s honestt hi n k i ng. 2 AVI SION Ab stract Phen o men ologyis  th e  study  of a pp e ara nce as such . It  is a bra nch of both On t ology a nd Epi ste mol ogy, si nc e a pp e ari n gisb ein g known.  B yan 'a ppea r a n c e' i s m eant  anyexistent whic h i mpin g eson co nscio usne ss , any thingcogni ze d, irrespective  ofany judgm ent  a s t owheth e r it b e'r eal ' or 'i llusory . ' T he e v al uation of a partic ul a r  a ppearanc e as a re al i ty or an  i llu sion i s a c ompl e xprocess,  invol v in ginducti ve  and d ed uct ive  logi c al p rincip les andactiv i ties. Opinionh as to earn th e  s t a tu s  ofstr ict knowled ge.K nowl edge de vel o ps fr om ap pe a ra n ces, which may be:(a ) obje cts o f perception,  i.e. conc r e t e phenom enai nt he physical or  ment al domains ;  (b) obj ectsof intui tion, i.e . one's su bje cti vesel f ,  c ognitions, vo l i tion sand val uat ions (n on- phe nom ena lconcretes ); and/o r(c )ob jec ts of concepti on , i .e . s imple or com plexabst ra ct s  of  preced i ng a ppea ra nc es.Abs tr actio n re l ies  on app rehension s o f  sam en es s and d ifference bet we en appeara nc es(inclu d i ng recei ved or projected appear a nces, a ndproje cted  negation s o f appe ara n ces).Cohere nce i nkno w l edge( p er cep tu al, intuit i v e a nd co nc eptu al) ismaintained by appr e hen sions of comp ati bili t y  o r i n co m pat ib i lit y .  Words facilita te our con st r uc tion of co n cep tu al know ledge,thank s  to the ir intent ionality.  T he a b s tra ct concept s most w ords inte n d are co mmoncha racter sorbehav iors o f  pa rticu lars ( co ncrete  mate ri al, ment al or subjective experi ences) . Gra nti ng everyt hin g  in  the worl d is  reducible  to  wa ves,'un i versa ls'w ou ldb e equ alit i es or pro p or tio n a li ties in the m e asu res o f t h e feat ures , motions and int e rrelations ofpart i c ula r w a ves.  S uch a theory o f u ni v e rsals wo ul d elucidate  sensati on and m emory.  In at temptin g to retrac e th e d evelopmen t o fc onceptu al  k n owledg e fr om  exper ience, we m a y  refer to certai n maj o r  orga n izi ng pr in ciples. It i s also imp ortant to k eep tr ackof th e order  o f thin gsin  such deve l opment, i nterr elating  s peci fic  conce ptsa n d spe cifi cexp eriences. B yp ro po s ing  a p recis esequ ence of e v ents, we  av o id cert ai n l o g ical f a ll a c ies and ar e c halle n g ed to trya nd a n sw e r cer tain c rucial  questi o nsin  more d eta i l . Many mo re topics are  d iscu ssed inth e pr es ent  c ollection of es says, in cludings e lfhood , a d duct i on and  o ther logical  issu es ,  the st a t usof math e mat ica l c once pts  and theology. PH
 as_deductive. This_original philosophy is dedicated_to demonstrating_the_efficacy of_human_reason by detailing_its actual means;_and to show that_the epistemological and_ethical_skepticism which has been increasingly fashionable and destructive since the Enlightenment was (contrary to_appearances)_quite illogical_–_the_product of ignorant, incompetent and_dishonest thinking. 2 AVI SION_Abstract Phenomenology_is the study of appearance as such. It_is_a branch of_both Ontology and Epistemology, since appearing is being known._By an 'appearance' is meant any_existent which impinges_on_consciousness,_anything cognized, irrespective of_any judgment as to whether it_be'real' or 'illusory.' The evaluation of_a particular appearance as a reality or_an illusion is a complex process,_involving inductive and deductive logical_principles and_activities. Opinion has to earn_the status of_strict knowledge._Knowledge develops from_appearances, which may be: (a) objects_of perception, i.e._concrete phenomena in the physical or_mental_domains; (b) objects_of_intuition,_i.e. one's_subjective self, cognitions,_volitions_and valuations_(non-phenomenal_concretes); and/or (c) objects of conception,_i.e._simple or complex abstracts of preceding appearances._Abstraction relies on apprehensions_of_sameness and difference between_appearances (including received or projected_appearances, and projected negations of appearances)._Coherence in_knowledge (perceptual,_intuitive and conceptual) is maintained by apprehensions of compatibility or incompatibility._Words facilitate our construction of conceptual_knowledge, thanks to their_intentionality. The_abstract_concepts most words_intend_are common_characters or behaviors of particulars (concrete material,_mental or_subjective experiences). Granting everything in the_world is reducible to_waves,_'universals' would be equalities or proportionalities_in the measures of the features,_motions and interrelations of particular_waves._Such_a theory of universals would_elucidate sensation and memory. In attempting_to retrace the_development of conceptual knowledge from experience, we_may_refer to certain major organizing principles._It_is also important to keep track_of_the_order of things in such_development, interrelating specific concepts and specific_experiences. By proposing a precise sequence of events, we_avoid certain logical_fallacies and are challenged to_try_and_answer certain crucial questions in more detail. Many more topics_are discussed_in the present_collection of essays, including selfhood, adduction and other logical issues,_the status of mathematical concepts and theology._PH