 still lives a traumatic event or a chronic adversity and makes the proof of a good adjustment (which may mean different things depending on his/her age and his/her socio-cultural environment), and secondly, resilience is the result of an interactive process involving a person, his/her family, and environment (Ionescu 2011). Specialists usually differentiate between "natural resilience" (built on individual characteristics and on intrafamilial interactions) and "assisted" resilience (developed with the support of mental health professionals) (Ionescu 2011). Resilience depends on internal factors (genes, temperament, attitude, motivation) and on external factors (relations with the members of the community, level of well-being, cultural and political elements) (Luca et al., 2012) Remigration, Identity, and Adjustment 181 The problem of the identity of individuals and groups is approached by a series of theories (the social identity theory – Tajfel and Turner 1979, the social identification theory – Turner et al. 1987) that provide models explaining the relations between the individuals and the "social worlds that they live in." "Identity is not something which belongs to the individual, like a set of traits, but something resulting from the interaction with the environment, when cultural elements are activated, allowing the individual to comply with the behavior norms of the group. The way in which the individual is seen by the others in the particular social context becomes a major determinant in defining his identity." (Avanza and Laferté 2005) According to Stephen Reicher "social identity places an accent on dynamics, on change, on the context and on the contents of social categories as well as on the role of culture and of history in building social categories." (cf. Markova 2007, 221-222; see Reicher 2004) "Cultural, societal, institutional, environmental, and symbolic factors play a part in the sense of identity and identification that individuals experience." (Joffe 2007, 198). The francophone literature nuances the concept of "identity" on the basis of, among others, locus, defining it through the complementary concepts of "social image," "affiliation," and "identification" (Avanza and Laferté 2005, 140). None of these concepts overlap perfectly with the concept of "identity," but they complement each other. "Affiliation" is internal, even though it depends on the individual's socialization, on his or her relation with a group. It is a definition of the self, an attempt to internal
still lives a traumatic event or a chronic adversity and makes the validation of a beneficial adjustment (which may mean unlike things count on his / her age and his / her socio - cultural environment), and secondly, resilience is the consequence of an interactive process involve a person, his / her family, and environment (Ionescu 2011). Specialists normally differentiate between " natural resilience " (built on individual characteristics and on intrafamilial interaction) and " assisted " resilience (developed with the support of mental health professionals) (Ionescu 2011). Resilience depend on internal factors (genes, disposition, attitude, motivation) and on external factors (relation back with the members of the residential district, level of well - organism, cultural and political elements) (Luca et al. , 2012) Remigration, Identity, and Adjustment 181 The problem of the identity of individuals and group is approached by a series of theories (the social identity theory – Tajfel and Turner 1979, the social identification hypothesis – Turner et al. 1987) that supply models explaining the relations between the individuals and the " social worlds that they live in. " " Identity is not something which belongs to the individual, like a set of trait, but something result from the interaction with the environment, when cultural elements are activate, give up the individual to comply with the behavior norm of the group. The way in which the individual is seen by the others in the particular social context become a major determinant in defining his identity. " (Avanza and Laferté 2005) According to Stephen Reicher " social identity places an accent on dynamics, on variety, on the context and on the contents of social categories as well as on the role of culture and of history in building social categories. " (californium. Markova 2007, 221 - 222; see Reicher 2004) " Cultural, societal, institutional, environmental, and symbolic factors play a contribution in the sense of identity and identification that individuals experience. " (Joffe 2007, 198). The francophone literature nuances the concept of " identity " on the basis of, among others, locus, defining it through the complementary concept of " social image, " " affiliation, " and " identification " (Avanza and Laferté 2005, 140). None of these concepts overlap perfectly with the concept of " identity, " but they complement each other. " Affiliation " is home, even though it depends on the person's socialization, on his or her relation with a group. It is a definition of the self, an attempt to internal
 stlll lives a traumatic evtnt or a chronic ceversivy and jakes thd proof of a good adjustment (wyich nay mean different thivgs depenfing on yis/htr age and his/her socio-cultural cnvirmiment), and seconcly, resiliance is the revuut of an interactive process involvind a perxoj, his/her famili, and qnvidonment (Ionescu 2011). Specialists usualmy difftrentiate between "matural resilience" (built oj infividual characterlstics and in igrrafamilial knteractions) and "assisjed" resilience (developed with thd sup'ort of menjco hfdlth profeswionajs) (Ionescu 2011). Vvsilienwe depemds on internak fectoes (genes, temperament, ettitude, motivation) wnd on exdexnal factors (relationw qith jhe mambefw ow tge ckmmunihy, mevel of wsll-being, cuotural and politicak qoements) (Luca st al., 2012) Rqmigration, Identity, and Adjustment 181 The prkblem of the identity od individuals and groops is appwoached by a series of theories (the social identidy thxofy – Twgdep and Turner 1979, the social identification theorr – Uurker et al. 1987) that irovide models expkalnogg the relatiuns becsesn the individuals and thg "sociql worlds thay they live in." "Identity is bot somethiny wyich belongs to thz individual, likg a sey of traits, but somethiug reshlting from the intedxction with the dnvpronkent, when cultural elementf are actmvateb, allowivg tne indyvidual to comply with the behaviog norls of the grlup. The way in which the indivivnal is seen bi tve mthers iu the iarticular sociwl context becpmes a iajor determinaht in dxfining his ydentity." (Avansw and Laferté 2005) Accordyng ro Srephen Fdicher "social odentity ilcces an axcent on dynamics, pn zgange, on the couuexu qnd on the conyengs jf spcydl categoriev as weuk as un the role uf cilture and of historf in building social cstcgories." (cd. Markovw 2007, 221-222; see Reichrr 2004) "Cultural, socieual, invtivutionsl, gnvironmental, and symbolic factkrs play w pwrt in the sqnse of identity and identification that individuals ex'erience." (Joffe 2007, 198). The ftancophone literature kuances the roncepe of "idendity" on the basis of, among others, locms, defining it through the cmmplelentary concepts of "social image," "affiliation," and "identification" (Avanza ane Lafecté 2005, 140). None of fhesr conbepcs pverla[ pecfxctly with the comcept of "identity," but they compuement edck other. "Affiliation" is internsl, even though kt depends on the indivisual's sovialization, on his or her relatoon with a group. It is a definituon or the self, an attempt to intrrnal
still lives a traumatic event or a and the proof a good adjustment depending his/her age and socio-cultural environment), and resilience is the result of an process involving a person, his/her family, and environment (Ionescu 2011). Specialists usually differentiate "natural resilience" (built on individual characteristics and on intrafamilial interactions) and "assisted" resilience with support mental professionals) (Ionescu 2011). Resilience depends on internal factors (genes, temperament, attitude, motivation) and on external factors with the members of the community, level of cultural and political elements) et al., 2012) Remigration, Identity, Adjustment The problem the of and groups is by a series of theories (the social identity theory – Tajfel and Turner 1979, the social identification – Turner 1987) that models the between the individuals "social worlds that they live in." something which belongs to the individual, like a of traits, something resulting from the interaction with environment, when cultural elements are activated, allowing the to comply with the behavior norms of the group. The way in which the individual by the others in particular social context a determinant defining identity." (Avanza Laferté 2005) According to Stephen Reicher "social identity places an accent dynamics, on change, on the context and on the contents categories well as on role of culture and history building social categories." (cf. 221-222; Reicher institutional, and factors play a part the sense of identity and that individuals experience." (Joffe nuances the concept of "identity" on the basis among others, locus, defining it through the concepts of "social image," "affiliation," and "identification" (Avanza and Laferté 2005, 140). of these perfectly with the concept of "identity," but they each other. "Affiliation" is even though it depends on the individual's socialization, on or relation with group. It is definition of the an attempt to
 still lives a traumatic event Or a chronic AdverSitY anD mAkes The pRoof of a good adjUStmeNt (which may mean differenT thinGs DEpenDInG on hiS/her age ANd HIS/heR sOcIo-cUlTUrAl envIroNment), anD secondly, rEsiLiEnce is the resULt Of an interaCtiVe process invOlvIng a peRsOn, hIS/her fAmiLy, and EnviroNMent (IoNescu 2011). SpecIaLIsts usUAlly difFEReNtiaTe between "natural rESiLIence" (built on inDividuAl CHaRACteRisTics and on iNtRafamILial intERaCTIOns) ANd "assisted" resIlience (deveLOpeD with tHe SupPOrt of mEntal HeALth ProfessionaLs) (IoNescu 2011). ResiLience DEpends oN InternaL factoRs (gEneS, temPErAmEnt, AtTItuDE, mOtiVAtiOn) and on eXtErNal faCtorS (RELAtioNs wIth tHe memBers of the commUniTy, leVEl oF well-Being, CultUrAl and PolitiCal elEmEnts) (Luca et al., 2012) RemIgraTion, IdentIty, AnD AdJuStmenT 181 the proBleM of The idenTity of iNDivIdUALS aNd groups is approachEd BY A sEries of tHeorieS (ThE sOCial idenTiTy tHeorY – tAjfel And TURnEr 1979, the socIal ideNTiFiCation tHeOry – TurNeR et Al. 1987) tHat prOVide Models ExplainiNg the RElations betweeN The individualS AnD THe "SOciaL woRlds that theY livE In." "IdEntiTY iS noT SometHing wHiCH bELongs to the individuaL, lIke a seT of trAits, but somethIng resultiNG FRom the inTeraCTiON with the enviroNment, When culturAL elementS are aCtivated, Allowing tHE IndividuAl tO coMplY wiTH ThE behavior normS OF the GrOup. The wAy iN which tHe iNdiVidUal Is Seen by the Others in ThE pArTiCulAr socIAl contexT bEcoMeS a mAjor dETerminAnt in DefiNiNg HIs iDentity." (aVaNZA and laFeRté 2005) ACcoRdIng to stepHEn REicher "sOcial idenTitY PlacEs An Accent oN dynamics, on chAnGe, on the conTeXt aNd on thE COntents oF social categories as well AS on the rOle Of culTure And of histOry In builDinG Social CategoRies." (cF. MArkOVA 2007, 221-222; see REIChEr 2004) "CUlTural, socieTAL, inStituTiOnal, EnvironMental, and symbolic fACtoRs play a part in The SensE OF iDenTItY And IdENtiFICation that indivIduals expeRiENcE." (Joffe 2007, 198). The fRAncOpHone litErature NuancES the conCept of "ideNtity" on thE bAsis OF, AmoNg others, loCus, definIng it throUGh the COmPlemeNtaRy concEpTs oF "sociAl imagE," "AffIliatIon," and "IdEntifiCatioN" (AVanza and laferté 2005, 140). None of these concePts oveRlap pErfEctly with The COncEpt of "idenTity," But they comPleMenT each OthER. "AffiLiatIOn" Is iNTernaL, eveN Though it dEPeNds ON ThE individual'S SOCiaLizatIon, ON his or Her rElation with a group. iT is a definition Of thE SElf, An aTTempT tO internal
 still lives a traumatic e vent or achron icadv er sity  and  makes the pro o f of  a good adjustment (wh ich m ay mean di ffere nt thin g sd e pen di ng  on  h i s/ her a geand his /her socio -cu lt ural environ m en t), and se con dly, resilie nce  is th eres u lt of  an  inte ractiv e  proce ss involv in g  a per s on, his / h er  fam ily, and environm e nt (Ionescu 2011) . Spec ia l is t s  us ual ly differe nt iateb etween" na t u r alr esilience" (b uilt on ind i vid ual ch ar act e ristic s and  o n  in trafamilial  int eractions ) and" assiste d " resil ience(de vel oped wi th  th es upp o rt  of men tal heal th  p rofes sion a l s )  (Io nes cu 2 011).  Resilience d epe ndso n i ntern al fa ctor s(gene s, tem peram en t, attitude, mo tiva tion) and  on  e xte rn al fa c tors ( rel ati ons wit h the m e mbe rs o f  t he community, leve lo f  w ell-bein g, cul t ur al and poli ti cal  ele m e nts)(Luc a  e t al., 2 012) R e mi gr ation,Id entity ,and  Ad justm e nt 1 81 The  problem  of t h e identity ofi ndividuals an d  g r o up s  isapp roached bya se r iesof t h eo rie s  (the  soci al id e ntity theory – Tajf el  and T urner  1979, the so cial ident i f i cation t heor y  – Turner et al.1987)  that prov i de model s exp lainingthe relat i o ns betwe enthe  in div i d ua ls and the "s o c ialwo rlds th atthey li vein. " " Ide nt ity is no t someth in gwh ic h b elong s  to thein div id ual , lik e  a set  of t rait s,  b u t s omethin g  r e s ulti ng  f romthe  i ntera ctio n  wi th theenvironme nt, when  c ul tural e lements are a ct ivated, al lo win g thei n dividual  to comply with the beh a vior no rms  of t he g roup. The  wa y in w hic h  the i ndivid ual i ssee n by th e ot her sin the par t i cul ar so ci al c ontextbecomes a major de t erm inant in defi nin g hi s id ent i ty . " ( Av a nza a nd Laferté 2005 ) Accordin gt oStephen Re i che r"social  identi ty pl a ces anaccent on  dynamics ,on c h a nge , on the c ontext a nd on the conte n ts  of s oci al cat eg ori es as  wella s o n the  roleof  cultu re an dof histo ry in building social c ategor ies."  (c f. Markov a 2 0 07,  221-222;  see  Reicher 2 004 ) " Cultu ral ,  soci etal ,  i nst i tutio nal, environme n ta l,a n dsymbolic fa c t o rsplaya p a rt inthesense of identity and identifica tion t hat  in d ivid ua ls experience. " ( Jo f f e 2007,19 8). The fra ncophone  l i terat ure nu ancesthe con c e pt of "id enti ty"  on the b asi so f, amon got h ers, l ocus ,defini ng itt hrou g h  the complementa ry co n c eptso f " socia limage," "aff iliation,"  and "ident ificat ion"  (Ava nza and  L aferté  20 05 , 140). No n e of thes e con cepts o ve rlap  pe rfectl y wi t h  theconc ep t o f "identi t y ," bu tt hey  com pleme nt  eac h other." Affiliat ion "  is int er nal , even t h ou g h  it depend s o n the i ndividual' s  soc i al i zatio n, onhis or  her re l ati on  with a  gr o u p. It isa definit i onof  the  self, a natte mp t t ointernal
 still_lives a_traumatic event or a_chronic adversity_and_makes the_proof_of a good_adjustment (which may_mean different things depending_on his/her age_and_his/her socio-cultural environment), and secondly, resilience is the result of an interactive process involving_a_person, his/her_family,_and_environment (Ionescu 2011). Specialists usually_differentiate between "natural resilience" (built_on individual_characteristics and on intrafamilial interactions) and "assisted" resilience_(developed_with the support_of mental health professionals) (Ionescu 2011). Resilience depends on_internal factors (genes, temperament, attitude, motivation)_and on external_factors_(relations_with the members of_the community, level of well-being, cultural_and political elements) (Luca et al.,_2012) Remigration, Identity, and Adjustment 181 The_problem of the identity of individuals_and groups is approached by_a series_of theories (the social identity_theory – Tajfel_and Turner_1979, the social_identification theory – Turner et al._1987) that provide_models explaining the relations between the_individuals_and the "social_worlds_that_they live_in." "Identity is_not_something which_belongs_to the individual, like a set_of_traits, but something resulting from the interaction_with the environment, when_cultural_elements are activated, allowing_the individual to comply with_the behavior norms of the group._The way_in which_the individual is seen by the others in the particular social_context becomes a major determinant in_defining his identity." (Avanza_and Laferté_2005)_According to Stephen_Reicher_"social identity_places an accent on dynamics, on change,_on the_context and on the contents of_social categories as well_as_on the role of culture and_of history in building social categories."_(cf. Markova 2007, 221-222; see_Reicher_2004)_"Cultural, societal, institutional, environmental, and_symbolic factors play a part in_the sense of_identity and identification that individuals experience." (Joffe_2007,_198). The francophone literature nuances the_concept_of "identity" on the basis of,_among_others,_locus, defining it through the_complementary concepts of "social image," "affiliation,"_and "identification" (Avanza and Laferté 2005, 140). None of_these concepts overlap_perfectly with the concept of_"identity,"_but_they complement each other. "Affiliation" is internal, even though it_depends on_the individual's socialization,_on his or her relation with a group. It is_a definition of the self, an attempt_to internal