 nationals (IMF, 2008). The current recession has had some impact on housing rents and the rents have declined in certain cities and regions such as Dubai (UAE) and Doha (Qatar) but still a large section of expatriate population has to pay a significant part of their monthly salary as house rent. 10.2 Rising other expenses The current economic slowdown has not had any impact on the cost of living of expatriates in GCC countries. Most of the cities in the GCC are witnessing higher costs of housing, transportation, food, clothing, household goods and entertainment. A recent survey conducted in March 2009 by global human resource consulting firm Mercer found Dubai rising from 52 nd rank to 20 th rank in the global list of most expensive cities (BI-ME, 2009). Other GCC cities also witnessed rise in ranks in the list of global most expensive cities. Abu Dhabi in UAE jumped 39 places, from 65th to 26th, Kuwait city rose from 94th to 77th, Manama in Bahrain rose from 112th to 82nd, Riyadh in Saudi Arabia rose from 119th to 90th rank (BIME, 2009). 10.3 Increasing gap between salary growth and inflation According to Bayt (2007) research report, the average increase in salary in GCC was 15 per cent but the average increase in the cost of living due to inflation and other related factors was 24 per cent. This rising gap between increase in salary and inflation resulted in reduced disposable income in the hands of expatriates. Similar findings were stated by Gulf Talent (2008) report, in which many expatriates reported a fall in net disposable income. For example in the UAE, 40 percent respondents reported lower savings due to inflation and poor growth in salary (Gulf Talent, 2008). 10.4 Salary gap within different expatriate communities For similar educational qualification, work experience and job responsibilities, expatriates from western advanced nations are paid a higher salary in GCC in comparison to expatriates from Asian countries. Arabian Business Salary Survey for the year 2009 highlighted the fact that British expatriates working in GCC countries are paid salaries, which amount to more than two times of the salaries paid to their Indian counterparts (Sambidge, 2009). Differences in salary combined with differences in social treatment of expatriates on the basis of different regions/ countries create two categories of expatriates. First is the preferred category of expatriates from the western advanced nations and the second is the general category of Asian expatriates. 11. Some solutions to challenges faced by expatriates
nationals (IMF, 2008). The current recession has had some impact on caparison economic rent and the rents have declined in sealed cities and region such as Dubai (UAE) and Doha (Qatar) but still a big department of expatriate population has to pay a significant part of their monthly wage as house rent. 10.2 Rising other expense The current economic slowdown has not had any impact on the cost of living of expatriates in GCC state. Most of the cities in the GCC are witnessing higher price of housing, transportation, food, clothing, household good and entertainment. A recent survey conducted in March 2009 by global human resource consulting firm Mercer found Dubai rise from 52 nd rank to 20 th rank in the ball-shaped tilt of about expensive cities (BI - ME, 2009). Other GCC cities also witnessed rise in ranks in the tilt of global about expensive cities. Abu Dhabi in UAE jumped 39 position, from sixty-fifth to 26th, Kuwait city wax from 94th to 77th, Manama in Bahrain rose from 112th to 82nd, Riyadh in Saudi Arabia rose from 119th to ninetieth rank (BIME, 2009). 10.3 increase gap between salary increase and inflation According to Bayt (2007) research report, the average increase in wage in GCC was 15 per cent but the average increase in the cost of living due to inflation and other related factor was 24 per cent. This rising gap between increase in salary and ostentation resulted in reduced disposable income in the hands of expatriates. Similar findings were stated by Gulf Talent (2008) report, in which many expatriates report a fall in final disposable income. For example in the UAE, 40 percent respondents reported lower economy due to inflation and hapless growth in wage (Gulf Talent, 2008). 10.4 Salary gap within different expatriate community For similar educational reservation, work experience and job responsibilities, exile from western advanced nations are paid a high salary in GCC in comparison to expatriates from Asian countries. Arabian Business Salary Survey for the class 2009 highlighted the fact that British expatriates working in GCC countries are paid salaries, which amount to more than two clock time of the salaries paid to their Indian counterparts (Sambidge, 2009). Differences in salary combined with difference in social discussion of expatriates on the basis of different regions/ countries create two categories of expatriates. First is the preferable category of expatriates from the western advance nations and the second is the cosmopolitan category of Asian expatriates. 11. Some solutions to challenges faced by expatriates
 nahionals (IMF, 2008). The current recession has kqd somx impacf on houring rents and the rents havx dexlinee in certain cities ana regions such as Dubei (UAE) and Doha (Qatar) bub stimp a nerge section of expatriata population hds tl pay a significant part of their mjnthly xapary as house tent. 10.2 Wisihg other expenses The current econkmic slmwdown has noy had any impact on the codt ov living of expatrlates in GCX cotbtries. Most uf the citpzs in the GDC are witnessing higher costs uf hobsing, transkodtwjion, food, clithind, household npods atd entettainment. A regent vurcey conducted in Marci 2009 by global human rgsource cotsblting firm Mercer foyne Dubdi rhsine frum 52 nv rznk to 20 ti rank in tge global lust of most expensife boties (BI-ME, 2009). Kther DCS cities also witnessed rise in ranks it tge list of global most wxpensive cities. Abu Fhabi in TAE jumped 39 places, from 65th to 26th, Kuwait city rose from 94gh uo 77th, Mxbala in Bahrain rose from 112th to 82nd, Riyadh in Satsi Agabia rose from 119tm to 90th rank (BIME, 2009). 10.3 Lnvteasing gap bejween scmady growth and inflwtion Ascordung to Bart (2007) tesearch report, the average increase in walary in GCC was 15 per cent bbt the aversge increase in the cosc of ljving due tl inflatikv and other relaged fdctors was 24 per cent. This wising ga' betceen incfeasg in sajary and ijflatlmn resulted in redkced bispovable incole in the hands of expatriates. Similar findinbs wege stated by Gmlf Talent (2008) repjrt, in which mcny expacriater reported a fall in net dis[osable incoma. For example in the TAE, 40 perxent reroondents reporyed lower savings dye to inflation anv poud growth in salcxy (Gulf Talent, 2008). 10.4 Xalxry gwp wydhin differett ebpagtiate communitiew For similar educational quamification, work exlevience ane job refponsibilitiex, expatriates from westxrn adtanced najions are paid a higher salary jn GCC in coiparison to qxpabriajes from Asnan countries. Arabian Business Salary Sucvey for the year 2009 highoighted the fact thct British ex'atriaees workitg in GCC countries qre paid salaries, which amount to more than dwo tlmes of the salaries paid to their Indian counterparts (Sambidge, 2009). Differenxes in salary combjned with dnffzrences in ducial treatment pf expatriates on the basis of vifferent seyions/ countries create two cayeeories of expxtriates. First is the prsferred vategory of expatriates from thr western advanced natioks and thw secknd is the general category pf Asicn expqtriatew. 11. Slme solutions to cmallenges vacev bv expatriates
nationals (IMF, 2008). The current recession has impact housing rents the rents have regions as Dubai (UAE) Doha (Qatar) but a large section of expatriate population to pay a significant part of their monthly salary as house rent. 10.2 other expenses The current economic slowdown has not had any impact on the of of in countries. Most of the cities in the GCC are witnessing higher costs of housing, transportation, food, household goods and entertainment. A recent survey conducted March 2009 by global resource consulting firm Mercer found rising 52 nd to th in the global of most expensive cities (BI-ME, 2009). Other GCC cities also witnessed rise in ranks in the list global most Abu Dhabi UAE 39 from 65th to city rose from 94th to 77th, rose from 112th to 82nd, Riyadh in Saudi rose from to 90th rank (BIME, 2009). 10.3 gap between salary growth and inflation According to (2007) research report, the average increase in salary in GCC was 15 per cent but increase in the cost living due to and related was per cent. rising gap between increase in salary and inflation resulted in reduced income in the hands of expatriates. Similar findings were stated Talent report, in which expatriates reported a fall net income. For example in 40 respondents due inflation poor growth in salary Talent, 2008). 10.4 Salary gap different expatriate communities For and job responsibilities, expatriates from western advanced nations paid a higher salary in GCC in to expatriates from Asian countries. Arabian Business Salary Survey for the year highlighted the British expatriates working in GCC countries are paid which amount to more two times of the salaries paid to their Indian (Sambidge, Differences in combined with differences social treatment of on the basis regions/ countries two of the preferred category of expatriates from western nations and the second is general Asian expatriates. 11. Some solutions to challenges faced by expatriates
 nationals (IMF, 2008). The current recEssion has hAd somE imPacT oN houSing Rents and the renTS havE declined in certain citiEs and ReGIons SUcH as DuBai (UAE) aND DOHA (QaTaR) bUt sTiLL a Large SecTion of eXpatriate pOpuLaTion has to pay A SiGnificant pArt Of their monthLy sAlary aS hOusE Rent. 10.2 RIsiNg othEr expeNSes The Current ecOnOMic sloWDown has NOT hAd anY impact on the cost oF LiVIng of expatriatEs in GCc cOUnTRIes. mosT of the citiEs In the gcC are wiTNeSSINg hIGher costs of hoUsing, transpORtaTion, foOd, CloTHing, hoUsehoLd GOodS and entertaInmeNt. A recent Survey COnducteD In March 2009 By globAl hUmaN resOUrCe ConSuLTinG FiRm MERceR found DuBaI rIsing From 52 ND RANk to 20 Th rAnk iN the gLobal list of moSt eXpenSIve CitieS (BI-ME, 2009). otheR GcC citIes alsO witnEsSed rise in ranks iN the List of gloBal MoSt eXpEnsivE Cities. abu dhaBi in UAE Jumped 39 pLAceS, fROM 65Th To 26th, Kuwait city rose FrOM 94Th To 77th, ManaMa in BaHRaIn ROse from 112tH tO 82nd, riyaDH In SauDi ArABiA rose froM 119th to 90tH RaNk (bIME, 2009). 10.3 IncReAsing gAp BetWeeN salaRY groWth and InflatioN AccoRDing to Bayt (2007) reseARch report, the aVErAGE iNCreaSe iN salary in GCc was 15 PEr ceNt buT ThE avERage iNcreaSe IN tHE cost of living due to iNfLation And otHer related facTors was 24 per CENT. This risIng gAP bETween increase iN salaRy and inflaTIon resulTed in Reduced dIsposable INCome in thE haNds Of eXpaTRIaTes. Similar finDINgs wErE stated By GUlf TaleNt (2008) rEpoRt, iN whIcH many expaTriates rEpOrTeD a FalL in neT DisposabLe IncOmE. FoR examPLe in thE UAE, 40 pErceNt ReSPonDents rePOrTED lowEr SaVingS duE tO inflAtioN And Poor groWth in salaRy (GULf TaLeNt, 2008). 10.4 salary gAp within diffeReNt expatriaTe ComMunitiES for similAr educational qualificatIOn, work eXpeRiencE and Job responSibIlitieS, exPAtriatEs from WesteRn AdvANCed naTIOnS arE pAid a higher SALarY in GCc iN comParison To expatriates from ASIan Countries. ArabIan busiNESs salARy sUrvEy FOr tHE Year 2009 highlighted The fact thaT BRItIsh expatriATes WoRking in gCC counTries ARe paid sAlaries, whIch amount To More THAn tWo times of tHe salariEs paid to tHEir InDIaN counTerParts (SAmBidGe, 2009). DifFerencES in SalarY combiNeD with dIfferEnCes in socIal treatment of expatriatEs on thE basiS of Different RegIOns/ Countries CreaTe two categOriEs oF expaTriATes. FiRst iS ThE prEFerreD catEGory of expATrIatES FrOm the westerN ADVanCed naTioNS and thE secOnd is the general caTEgory of Asian exPatrIATes. 11. somE SoluTiOns to challengeS faCeD BY expatriAtEs
 nationals (IMF, 2008). Th e currentreces sio n h as  had  som e impact on ho u sing  rents and the rents h ave d ec l ined in  cert ain cit i es a ndre gi ons  s u ch  as D uba i (UAE)  and Doha(Qa ta r) but still alarge sect ion  of expatria tepopula ti onh as to  pa y a s ignifi c ant pa rt of the ir monthl y  salary a shous e rent. 10.2 Risi n go ther expensesThe cu rr e nt e con omi c slowdown  h as no t  had an y  i m p a cto n the cost of  living ofe xpa triate sinG CC cou ntrie s. Mos t of the ci ties  in the G CC are witness i ng high er cos tsofhous i ng ,tra ns p ort a ti on, foo d, cloth in g,  hous ehol d g o odsand  ent ertai nment. A rece ntsurv e y c onduc ted i n Ma rc h 200 9 by g lobal  h uman resource c onsu lting fir m M er cer  f oundD ubai r isi ngfrom 52  nd ran k  to  2 0 t hrank in the global  l i s tof mostexpens i ve  c i ties (BI -M E,2009 ) .  Othe r GC C  c ities al so wit n es se d risein  ranks  i n t helisto f gl obal m ost expe nsive cities. Abu Dh a bi in UAE jum p ed 3 9p lace s,from 65th t o 26 t h, K uwai t  c ity rosefrom94 t ht o 77th, Manama in B ah rain r ose f rom 112th to82nd, Riya d h in Saudi  Ara b ia rose from 119t h to90th rank( BIME, 20 09).10.3 Inc reasing g a p  between  sa lar y g row t h  a nd inflationA c cord in g to Ba yt(2007)res ear chrep or t, the av erage in cr ea se  i n s alary in GCC w as  15  p ercentb ut the  aver agein cr e ase  in the co s t  ofli vi ng d ueto  infl atio n  an d other  relatedfac t orswa s24 percent. This ri si ng gap bet we enincrea s e  in sala ry and inflation result e d in re duc ed di spos able inco mein the  ha n ds ofexpatr iates .Sim i l ar fi n d in gswe re statedb y  Gu lf Ta le nt ( 2008) r eport, in which ma n y e xpatriates re por teda fa lli nn etdi s pos a b le income. Forexample in  t h eUAE, 40 pe r cen trespond ents re porte d  lowersavings d ue to inf la tion a ndpoor growt h in sal ary (Gulf Talen t ,2008) . 1 0.4 Sa la rygap w ithind iff erent  expat ri ate co mmuni ti es For s imilar educational qual ificat ion,wor k experie nce and  job resp onsi bilities,exp atr iates  fr o m wes tern ad van c ed na tion s  are paid ahig h e rsalary in G C C incompa ris o n to e xpat riates from Asian countries. Ara bian B usi nes s  Sal ar y Survey for t heye a r  2009 hi gh lighted the  fact th at Briti sh exp atriat es work i n gi n GCCcoun tri es are pa idsa l aries,wh ic h  amoun t to  m ore th an two time s of the salariespaidt o  thei r  In dianco unterpa r ts ( Sambidge,2009). Diff erence s in  sala ry comb in ed wit h d if ferences i n  social t reatm ent ofex patr iat es ontheb a sis o f di ff ere nt region s /  c o un tr i escrea te tw ocate gories of expatria tes .  Firstis  th e prefer r ed c ategory of  ex patri a t es from th e  wes t er n  adva nced n ations  and th e  se co nd is t heg e neral cat egory ofA sia nexpa triates.  1 1. S om e s ol utions to chall enges fa ced by e x p atriat es
 nationals_(IMF, 2008)._The current recession has_had some_impact_on housing_rents_and the rents_have declined in_certain cities and regions_such as Dubai_(UAE)_and Doha (Qatar) but still a large section of expatriate population has to pay_a_significant part_of_their_monthly salary as house rent._10.2 Rising other expenses The_current economic_slowdown has not had any impact on the_cost_of living of_expatriates in GCC countries. Most of the cities in_the GCC are witnessing higher costs_of housing, transportation,_food,_clothing,_household goods and entertainment._A recent survey conducted in March_2009 by global human resource consulting_firm Mercer found Dubai rising from 52_nd rank to 20 th rank_in the global list of_most expensive_cities (BI-ME, 2009). Other GCC_cities also witnessed_rise in_ranks in the_list of global most expensive cities._Abu Dhabi in_UAE jumped 39 places, from 65th_to_26th, Kuwait city_rose_from_94th to_77th, Manama in_Bahrain_rose from_112th_to 82nd, Riyadh in Saudi Arabia_rose_from 119th to 90th rank (BIME, 2009)._10.3 Increasing gap between_salary_growth and inflation According_to Bayt (2007) research report,_the average increase in salary in_GCC was_15 per_cent but the average increase in the cost of living due_to inflation and other related factors_was 24 per cent._This rising_gap_between increase in_salary_and inflation_resulted in reduced disposable income in the_hands of_expatriates. Similar findings were stated by_Gulf Talent (2008) report,_in_which many expatriates reported a fall_in net disposable income. For example_in the UAE, 40 percent_respondents_reported_lower savings due to inflation_and poor growth in salary (Gulf_Talent, 2008). 10.4_Salary gap within different expatriate communities For_similar_educational qualification, work experience and job_responsibilities,_expatriates from western advanced nations are_paid_a_higher salary in GCC in_comparison to expatriates from Asian countries._Arabian Business Salary Survey for the year 2009 highlighted_the fact that_British expatriates working in GCC_countries_are_paid salaries, which amount to more than two times of_the salaries_paid to their_Indian counterparts (Sambidge, 2009). Differences in salary combined with differences_in social treatment of expatriates on the_basis of different regions/ countries create two categories of expatriates. First_is the preferred category of expatriates from the_western advanced nations and the second is_the general category of_Asian_expatriates. 11. Some solutions to challenges faced_by_expatriates