 Institute (ARI) from 1995 to 2006. He was also director of communication at the ARI. (He should not be confused with conservative journalist, Sco! McConnell, the founding editor of The American Conservative). This oral history comprises 100 interviews with Rand's family members, friends and associates, culled from more than 160. The interviews are organized in decades from the 1910s, with Rand's sister, Eleanora Drobysheva, until the 1980s (Rand died in 1982) with the bulk of the interviewees coming from friends and associates of the 1950s and 1960s, the peak period of Rand's life as a public intellectual. Sco! McConnell's questions typically focused on the context of the interviewee's relationship with Rand, exploring Rand's day-to-day persona in her private life, for example, her love of her cats, her relationships with others including her husband, the actor and painter, Frank O'Conner, as well as Rand's influence on him or her. Their Objectivist Damascene conversions make for powerful personal statements. As a la!er day Objectivist, his respect for those who knew Rand and worked for her is transparent. McConnell also refers to, but did not interview, lapsed Objectivists such as Nathaniel and Barbara Branden and Alan Greenspan for this collection.18 McConnell tells us that he "selected the interviews in this collection to cover a broad range of years, contexts, relationships and observations, and to supplement the limited number of reliable biographical sources available elsewhere," and presumably to counter the many highly critical commentaries on her treatment of those close to her. According to McConnell, "The interviews reveal Ayn Rand angry, happy, betrayed, in love, fighting for her values, triumphant. They also show many aspects of her personality and the wide range of her values and life experiences."19 Most of McConnell's interviewees such as entertainers Duane Eddy, Robert Stack and Raquel Welch are candid in their enthusiasm for Rand's radical capitalist individualist ideas. These interviewees paint a picture of a highly intelligent woman of great personal energy and integrity with an "indomitable spirit."20 They also describe a woman with traditional European manners, who showed warmth and personal charm when engaged, but who could also be aloof and blunt when provoked. Yet, other, more critical voices, such as Rand's sister, Eleanora Drobysheva, her housekeeper and Evangelical Christian friend
Institute (ARI) from 1995 to 2006. He was also director of communication at the ARI. (He should not be confused with conservative diarist, Sco! McConnell, the establish editor of The American Conservative). This oral history comprises 100 interview with Rand's kin members, friends and associate, pick from more than 160. The interviews are form in decades from the 1910s, with Rand's sister, Eleanora Drobysheva, until the eighties (Rand died in 1982) with the bulk of the interviewees coming from supporter and associates of the fifties and 1960s, the peak time period of Rand's animation as a public intellectual. Sco! McConnell's questions typically focused on the context of the interviewee's relationship with Rand, explore Rand's day - to - day persona in her private animation, for example, her love of her cats, her relationships with others including her husband, the actor and cougar, Frank O'Conner, as well as Rand's influence on him or her. Their Objectivist Damascene conversions make for powerful personal statements. As a la!er day Objectivist, his regard for those who sleep together Rand and worked for her is transparent. McConnell also refers to, but did not interview, lapsed Objectivists such as Nathaniel and Barbara Branden and Alan Greenspan for this collection.18 McConnell tells us that he " selected the interviews in this solicitation to embrace a broad stove of days, contexts, relationships and observations, and to supplement the circumscribed number of dependable biographical sources available elsewhere, " and presumably to anticipate the many highly critical commentaries on her treatment of those close to her. According to McConnell, " The interviews reveal Ayn Rand angry, happy, betrayed, in love, fighting for her values, triumphant. They besides show many aspect of her personality and the broad range of her values and life experiences. "19 Most of McConnell's interviewee such as entertainers Duane Eddy, Robert Stack and Raquel Welch are candid in their enthusiasm for Rand's radical capitalist individualist ideas. These interviewees paint a picture of a highly intelligent womanhood of great personal department of energy and integrity with an " indomitable spirit. "20 They also describe a woman with traditional European manners, who read warmth and personal appeal when engaged, but who could besides be aloof and blunt when provoked. Yet, other, more critical spokesperson, such as Rand's sister, Eleanora Drobysheva, her housekeeper and Evangelical Christian friend
 Indtitute (ARI) from 1995 to 2006. He was also direcjoe of cmmmunidation ag the ARI. (He should not be clndused with conservative joufnalist, Sbo! McConnwll, uhe founding editor of Thc Amedlcan Eoiservative). This oral histmry comprises 100 ivtzrviews with Rand's family members, fryends amd associates, cujled srom more than 160. The interviews are orgznized pn decades from tne 1910s, with Rand's sister, Elewnorw Drobysheva, until the 1980s (Rand dieq in 1982) with thd bulk of uhz interviewges coming from friends and assoziatex of the 1950s abd 1960d, the peak pxriod jf Rand's lifc as a [ublic ontellectual. Sgo! McRonnwll's questions typicanly focused on the context mf the interviewee's rwlatimnshhp wkrh Fans, xxpmoring Raid's day-to-dag persona ib her private life, gow example, her move os rer cats, her relationships with others pnclhding her husband, the axtor and painter, Frann O'Conner, as well as Rand's influence on him or her. Their Otjectmvkst Dwoqsfene conversions make for powerful personal sezttmekts. As a la!er dan Objectivist, his tedprst for those dho knzs Dand and worked fog her if trabsparent. IcComnell also refers to, but die not intervpew, oapsed Objectivistd such as Ncthanigl and Barbara Branden and Alcn Gresnspan for hhis collsztion.18 McConnell gelks us that he "selected the igterviews in chis coluectoon to cover a bgoad vdnge of years, contfxts, telatimnships anf observations, and to supplemenv the limited ngmbvr of relnable niographical sotrces availablg elsewhexe," and presumablj to counver the many highly critiwwl commentarmes on hew trwatmwnt of gfose close to ner. Accorbnng to McXonnell, "The intervlews tebeal Ayn Rand auyri, happy, betrayec, iv ljvv, fmghtigc for her vanues, trkimphavt. They alsi shoe many aspects of hes pedsonality and the eiqe range of her dalues and lige experiences."19 Mosu of MrConneul's imtetviewees such as entertainers Dhane Eddy, Ronert Stack anq Rawuel Welch axe candid in their enthusiasm for Rand's cadical capitalist indicidualist ideas. Thext intervieweex paigt a pictgre of a highly inteoligent woman of nreat personal energy znd indegrihy with an "indomitable spirit."20 They also describe a woman with traditional Europxag manners, wgo snowed wcrmch and [erslial charm when enbaged, but who could also be alouf and bnuut when provoked. Yet, other, mote critical voizes, such as Rand's sister, Eleanors Drobysheva, her housekeeper anc Evangelical Christian nriend
Institute (ARI) from 1995 to 2006. He director communication at ARI. (He should journalist, McConnell, the founding of The American This oral history comprises 100 interviews Rand's family members, friends and associates, culled from more than 160. The interviews organized in decades from the 1910s, with Rand's sister, Eleanora Drobysheva, until the (Rand in with bulk of the interviewees coming from friends and associates of the 1950s and 1960s, the peak of Rand's life as a public intellectual. Sco! questions typically focused on context of the interviewee's relationship Rand, Rand's day-to-day in private for example, her of her cats, her relationships with others including her husband, the actor and painter, Frank O'Conner, as as Rand's him or Their Damascene make for powerful As a la!er day Objectivist, his who knew Rand and worked for her is McConnell also to, but did not interview, lapsed such as Nathaniel and Barbara Branden and Alan for this collection.18 McConnell tells us that he "selected the interviews in this collection to broad range of years, relationships and observations, to the number reliable biographical available elsewhere," and presumably to counter the many highly critical commentaries her treatment of those close to her. According to McConnell, reveal Rand angry, happy, in love, fighting for values, They also show many her and of values life experiences."19 Most of interviewees such as entertainers Duane Robert Stack and Raquel enthusiasm for Rand's radical capitalist individualist ideas. These paint a picture of a highly intelligent of great personal energy and integrity with an "indomitable spirit."20 They also a woman European manners, who showed warmth and personal charm engaged, but who could be aloof and blunt when provoked. Yet, other, more voices, as Rand's Eleanora Drobysheva, her and Evangelical Christian
 Institute (ARI) from 1995 to 2006. He was alSo director Of comMunIcaTiOn at The ArI. (He should not bE ConfUsed with conservative joUrnalIsT, sco! MCcoNnell, The founDInG EDitOr Of the amERiCan CoNseRvative). this oral hiStoRy Comprises 100 intERvIews with RaNd's Family memberS, frIends aNd AssOCiateS, cuLled fRom morE Than 160. ThE intervieWs ARe orgaNIzed in dECAdEs frOm the 1910s, with Rand's siSTeR, eleanora DrobysHeva, unTiL ThE 1980S (ranD diEd in 1982) with thE bUlk of THe interVIeWEES coMIng from friendS and associaTEs oF the 1950s aNd 1960S, thE Peak peRiod oF RANd's Life as a publIc inTellectuaL. Sco! MccOnnell's QUestionS typicAllY foCuseD On ThE coNtEXt oF ThE inTErvIewee's reLaTiOnshiP witH rAND, expLorIng RAnd's dAy-to-day personA in Her pRIvaTe lifE, for eXampLe, Her loVe of heR cats, HeR relationships wIth oThers inclUdiNg Her HuSband, THe actoR anD paInter, FrAnk O'ConNEr, aS wELL As rand's influence on hiM oR HEr. their ObjEctiviST DAmAScene conVeRsiOns mAKE for pOwerFUl Personal StatemENtS. AS a la!er dAy objectIvIst, His RespeCT for Those wHo knew RaNd and WOrked for her is tRAnsparent. McCoNNeLL AlSO refErs To, but did not InteRView, LapsED OBjeCTivisTs sucH aS naTHaniel and Barbara BraNdEn and ALan GrEenspan for thiS collectioN.18 mCconnell tElls US tHAt he "selected thE inteRviews in thIS collectIon to Cover a brOad range oF YEars, contExtS, reLatIonSHIpS and observatiONS, and To SupplemEnt The limiTed NumBer Of rElIable biogRaphical SoUrCeS aVaiLable ELsewhere," AnD prEsUmaBly to COunter The maNy hiGhLy CRitIcal comMEnTARies On HeR treAtmEnT of thOse cLOse To her. AcCording to mcCONnelL, "THe InterviEws reveal Ayn RAnD angry, happY, bEtrAyed, in LOVe, fightiNg for her values, triumphanT. they alsO shOw manY aspEcts of her PerSonaliTy aND the wiDe rangE of heR vAluES And liFE ExPerIeNces."19 Most of mCconNell's InTervIewees sUch as entertainers DUAne eddy, Robert StaCk aNd RaQUEl welCH aRE caNdID in THEir enthusiasm foR Rand's radiCaL CaPitalist inDIviDuAlist idEas. ThesE inteRViewees Paint a picTure of a hiGhLy inTELliGent woman oF great peRsonal eneRGy and INtEgritY wiTh an "inDoMitAble sPirit."20 THEy aLso deScribe A wOman wiTh traDiTional EuRopean manners, who showed wArmth aNd perSonAl charm whEn eNGagEd, but who cOuld Also be alooF anD blUnt whEn pROvokeD. Yet, OThEr, mORe criTicaL Voices, sucH As ranD'S SiSter, EleanorA dRObySheva, Her HOusekeEper And Evangelical ChrIStian friend
 Institute (ARI) from 1995  to 2006.He wa s a lso  d irec torof communicati o n at  the ARI. (He should n ot be  c o nfus e dwithconserv a ti v e  jo ur na lis t, Sc o! Mc Con nell, t he foundin g e di tor of The A m er ican Conse rva tive). Thisora l hist or y c o mpris es100 i ntervi e ws wit h Rand'sfa m ily me m bers, f r i en ds a nd associates, cu l le d  from more tha n 160.  T h ei n ter vie ws are org an izedi n decad e sf r o m t h e 1910s, with  Rand's sis t er,  Elean or a D r obyshe va, u nt i l t he 1980s (R anddied in 1 982) w i th theb ulk ofthe in ter vie wees co mi ngfr o m f r ie nds and  associa te sof th e 19 5 0 s and196 0s,the p eak period of  Ra nd's lif e asa pub licin telle ctual.  Sco!  M cConnell's ques tion s typical lyfo cus ed  on t h e cont ext  of  the in terview e e's  r e l a ti onship with Rand,ex p l or ing Rand 's day - to -d a y person ainherp r ivate  lif e ,for exam ple, h e rlo ve of h er  cats,  h errel ation s hips  withothers i nclud i ng her husband ,  the actor an d  p a i nt e r, F ran k O'Conner,  asw ellas R a nd 'si nflue nce o nh im or her. Their Objec ti vist D amasc ene conversio ns make fo r p owerfulpers o na l  statements. A s a l a!er day O b jectivis t, hi s respec t for tho s e  who kne w R and  an d w o r ke d for her ist r ansp ar ent. Mc Con nell al soref ers  to ,but did n ot inter vi ew ,la pse d Obj e ctivists  s uch  a s N athan i el and  Barb araBr an d enand Ala n  G r e ensp an  f or t his  c ollec tion . 18McConne ll tellsust hathe  " selecte d the intervi ew s in thisco lle ctiont o  cover a  broad range of years,c ontexts , r elati onsh ips and o bse rvatio ns, and to  suppl ement  t hel i mited n um ber  o f reliable b iog raphi ca l so urces a vailable elsewhere , " a nd presumably  to  cou n t er  th e  m a nyhi g hly c ritical comment aries on h er tr eatment of tho se  closeto her.  Acco r ding to  McConnel l, "The i nt ervi e w s r eveal AynRand ang ry, happy ,  betr a ye d, in  lo ve, fi gh tin g for  her v a lue s, tr iumpha nt . They  also  s how many  aspects of her persona lity a nd th e w ide range  of her  values a nd l ife experi enc es. "19 M ost of Mc Conn e ll 'si nterv iewe e s such as en ter t a in ers Duane E d d y , R obert  St a ck and  Raq uel Welch are can d id in their en thus i a smfor Rand 's  radical capit ali st i ndividua li st ideas. T hese int er v iewee s pain t a pi cture o f ah ighlyinte lli gent woma n o fg reat pe rs on a l ener gy a nd  integ rity w i th a n "indomitable spi rit." 2 0  They als o des cr ibe a w o manwith tradi tional Euro pean m anne rs, w ho show ed  warmt h a nd  personalc harm when  enga ged, bu twhocou ld als o be a loofandbl unt  when pro v o ke d .Ye t , o ther , mor ecrit ical voic e s, suchasR and's s is ter , Eleano r aD r obysheva,her  hous e k eeper andE vang e li c al Ch ristia n frie nd
 Institute_(ARI) from_1995 to 2006. He_was also_director_of communication_at_the ARI. (He_should not be_confused with conservative journalist,_Sco! McConnell, the_founding_editor of The American Conservative). This oral history comprises 100 interviews with Rand's family_members,_friends and_associates,_culled_from more than 160. The_interviews are organized in decades_from the_1910s, with Rand's sister, Eleanora Drobysheva, until the_1980s_(Rand died in_1982) with the bulk of the interviewees coming from_friends and associates of the 1950s_and 1960s, the_peak_period_of Rand's life as_a public intellectual. Sco! McConnell's questions_typically focused on the context of_the interviewee's relationship with Rand, exploring Rand's_day-to-day persona in her private life,_for example, her love of_her cats,_her relationships with others including_her husband, the_actor and_painter, Frank O'Conner,_as well as Rand's influence on_him or her._Their Objectivist Damascene conversions make for_powerful_personal statements. As_a_la!er_day Objectivist,_his respect for_those_who knew_Rand_and worked for her is transparent._McConnell_also refers to, but did not interview,_lapsed Objectivists such as_Nathaniel_and Barbara Branden and_Alan Greenspan for this collection.18_McConnell tells us that he "selected_the interviews_in this_collection to cover a broad range of years, contexts, relationships and_observations, and to supplement the limited_number of reliable biographical_sources available_elsewhere,"_and presumably to_counter_the many_highly critical commentaries on her treatment of_those close_to her. According to McConnell, "The_interviews reveal Ayn Rand_angry,_happy, betrayed, in love, fighting for_her values, triumphant. They also show_many aspects of her personality_and_the_wide range of her values_and life experiences."19 Most of McConnell's_interviewees such as_entertainers Duane Eddy, Robert Stack and Raquel_Welch_are candid in their enthusiasm for_Rand's_radical capitalist individualist ideas. These interviewees_paint_a_picture of a highly intelligent_woman of great personal energy and_integrity with an "indomitable spirit."20 They also describe a_woman with traditional_European manners, who showed warmth_and_personal_charm when engaged, but who could also be aloof and_blunt when_provoked. Yet, other,_more critical voices, such as Rand's sister, Eleanora Drobysheva, her_housekeeper and Evangelical Christian friend