02), (0.16,0.2), (0.29,0.39) respectively. The classification of these clusters made it easier to find sentences that caused the biggest difference in perception between multilinguals and monolinguals for further investigation (see Finding IV). 26 Finding IV: Multilinguals created new words out of the phonetics of the original words, as well as new semantic content (see Table 4). Table 4: A descriptive analysis of sentences identified from Finding IV. Percentage shows the percentage of participants that got this sentence wrong. Numbers in brackets show repetitions (e.g. (b)= b participants wrote this). Frequency was measured using the NOW Corpus (corpus.byu.edu, 2018), numbers refer to the number of occurrences in a 5.9 billion word Corpus from newspapers and magazines since 2010. (as reference points; the word 'the' = 354,288,885,'People' = 10,349,562, 'Good' =4,141,062, 'Feel' =1,397,406). All words were very low frequency (except words such as 'of', 'from', 'and', 'with', 'was', 'a', 'is', 'inside', 'here') Sentences Monolingual Multilingual NoM_L_L_3 Wolves distribute excessive listings Number of occurrences in 5.9 billion Corpus Wolves = 47,502 Distribute = 56,011 Excessive = 86,654 Listings = 89,574 MONOLINGUALS 52.9% Mistakes Overview: All made phonetic mistakes on the first word and last word. Majority of mistakes were the same mistakes, there is consistency in the type of errors made MULTILINGUALS 83.3% Mistakes Overview: Phonetic mistakes made on first, second last and last word. New word creation from phonetics (e.g. Ballistics, Waltz, gold, woods, ball, halls), different word forms taken from the original (e.g. excess, access, listening). Some perceived 3 or 5 words. Most mistakes made in words that can be shortened to another word. walls distribute excessive listings (6) walks distribute excessive listings wolves distribute excessive instincts walls distribute accesibalistics walls distrubute excessive listings walks distribute excessive listings wolves distribute excessive instincts wolves distribute excessive blistings olds distribute excessive listings distribute excessive listings ores distribute excessive listening wolves distribute accessible instincts (2) all distributes
02), (0.16,0.2), (0.29,0.39) respectively. The classification of these clusters made it easier to witness prison term that caused the biggest difference in sensing between multilinguals and monolinguals for further investigation (experience Finding IV). 26 Finding IV: Multilinguals create new parole out of the phonetics of the original words, as well as modern semantic content (see board 4). mesa 4: A descriptive analysis of sentences identified from Finding IV. Percentage shows the share of participants that got this sentence improper. Numbers in brackets display repetitions (for example (b)= b participants write this). Frequency was measured using the NOW Corpus (corpus.byu.edu, 2018), numbers denote to the number of occurrences in a 5.9 billion word Corpus from newspapers and magazines since 2010. (as reference points; the word' the' = 354,288,885,'People' = 10,349,562,' Good' = 4,141,062,' Feel' = 1,397,406). All words were very low frequency (except words such as' of',' from',' and',' with',' was',' a',' is',' inside',' here') Sentences Monolingual Multilingual NoM_L_L_3 Wolves distribute excessive listings act of occurrences in 5.9 billion Corpus Wolves = 47,502 Distribute = 56,011 Excessive = 86,654 Listings = 89,574 monolingual 52.9% error Overview: All make phonetic mistakes on the first discussion and final word. Majority of mistakes were the like mistakes, there is consistency in the type of errors made MULTILINGUALS 83.3% Mistakes Overview: Phonetic mistakes made on first, second last and last word. newfangled word initiation from phonetics (e.g. Ballistics, Waltz, gold, woods, ball, halls), unlike word forms taken from the original (e.g. excess, access, listening). Some perceived 3 or 5 words. Most mistakes take in words that can be shorten to another word. wall distribute excessive list (6) walks spread excessive listings wolf distribute excessive instincts wall distribute accesibalistics rampart distrubute excessive listings walks distribute excessive listings wolves distribute excessive instincts wolves distribute excessive blistings old distribute excessive listings spread excessive listings ores distribute excessive listening wolves distribute accessible instincts (2) all distributes
02), (0.16,0.2), (0.29,0.39) gespectively. The classiflcation of these clustecs made it easidr to find sentences that cansed the viggest difference in oerceptioj betweeb muorilinguals and monolinguzps fmc further invesjigation (see Finding IV). 26 Fhnaiug IV: Multilinguals created new wordf out og hhe phonetics jf tnq orjginal words, as well as new semantjc conttnt (see Table 4). Tabke 4: A descriptive analysis of dentences identififd from Fineing UV. Percentagd shows tht 'ercentage kf participants that got this sdntenee wrong. Nunbwrs hn brackets show repetitions (e.g. (b)= b [articilants wrote thls). Frxquebcy was measured usinj the NOW Corpus (corkus.byu.edu, 2018), nbmbers refer to the nymver ox ocwurrdbcer ih e 5.9 gillioj wkrd Corpus from newspqpers and magazines sybce 2010. (as refersnce pjigts; the word 'the' = 354,288,885,'People' = 10,349,562, 'Good' =4,141,062, 'Feel' =1,397,406). Dll words were very low frwquency (except words duch as 'os', 'from', 'and', 'with', 'was', 'a', 'is', 'inside', 'here') Sentences Motolinjuxl Nujgullngual NoM_L_L_3 Wolves distribute excessive listyhgx Kumber of occurrcnces in 5.9 billion Vogpif Wolves = 47,502 Dirtribucs = 56,011 Excessive = 86,654 Listlngs = 89,574 IONOLUNGUALS 52.9% Iistskes Overview: All made phonwtic mistakef on the first word and last wurd. Kajoroty of mistakes were thz same mistakes, tjere is ckvsistency in the tyie ox errors made MULTILINGUALF 83.3% Mistakxs Ovzrview: Pfonejic miseakes made on flsst, second last anf lasj word. New word freation from phonetics (e.g. Ballmxtics, Waltz, bond, foods, bajl, hakls), different word forms talen froi the original (v.g. excess, access, liseening). Some patceived 3 or 5 xords. Mose miwtakws made kn words that van be shortened to another word. wallx dkatribute excessnre listings (6) walkx dkstwihuve exsassive listitgs dolxrs dirtributt ewcersivr instincts walls divtrigute accesibalistivs walls dustrubutq excessive lostings walks distgibutx excersive liftings wolves distribute excesaive instlncbs wolves diseribmte gxcessive bkistings olds distribute excessive listmngs distribute excessice listings ores dixuribute excesxive jistening wolves distribute axcessible instincus (2) all distributes
02), (0.16,0.2), (0.29,0.39) respectively. The classification of made easier to sentences that caused between and monolinguals for investigation (see Finding 26 Finding IV: Multilinguals created new out of the phonetics of the original words, as well as new semantic (see Table 4). Table 4: A descriptive analysis of sentences identified from Finding Percentage the of that got this sentence wrong. Numbers in brackets show repetitions (e.g. (b)= b participants wrote this). was measured using the NOW Corpus (corpus.byu.edu, 2018), refer to the number occurrences in a 5.9 billion Corpus newspapers and since (as points; the word = 354,288,885,'People' = 10,349,562, 'Good' =4,141,062, 'Feel' =1,397,406). All words were very low frequency (except words such 'of', 'from', 'was', 'a', 'inside', Sentences Multilingual NoM_L_L_3 Wolves listings Number of occurrences in 5.9 = 47,502 Distribute = 56,011 Excessive = 86,654 = 89,574 52.9% Mistakes Overview: All made phonetic on the first word and last word. Majority mistakes were the same mistakes, there is consistency in the type of errors made MULTILINGUALS Overview: Phonetic mistakes made first, second last last New creation phonetics (e.g. Waltz, gold, woods, ball, halls), different word forms taken from the (e.g. excess, access, listening). Some perceived 3 or 5 words. made words that can shortened to another word. distribute listings (6) walks distribute wolves excessive accesibalistics distrubute listings walks distribute excessive wolves distribute excessive instincts wolves excessive blistings olds distribute ores distribute excessive listening wolves distribute accessible instincts all distributes
02), (0.16,0.2), (0.29,0.39) respectively. The classificaTion of thesE clusTerS maDe It eaSier To find sentenceS That Caused the biggest differEnce iN pERcepTIoN betwEen multILiNGUalS aNd MonOlINgUals fOr fUrther iNvestigatiOn (sEe finding IV). 26 FinDInG IV: MultiliNguAls created neW woRds out Of The PHonetIcs Of the OriginAL words, As well as nEw SEmantiC Content (SEE TAble 4). table 4: A descriptive ANaLYsis of sentenceS identIfIEd FROm FIndIng IV. PerceNtAge shOWs the peRCeNTAGe oF Participants tHat got this sENteNce wroNg. numBErs in bRackeTs SHow Repetitions (E.g. (b)= b ParticipaNts wroTE this). FrEQuency wAs measUreD usIng tHE NoW corPuS (CorPUs.Byu.EDu, 2018), nUmbers reFeR tO the nUmbeR OF OCcurRenCes iN a 5.9 bilLion word CorpuS frOm neWSpaPers aNd magAzinEs Since 2010. (As refeRence PoInts; the word 'the' = 354,288,885,'PEoplE' = 10,349,562, 'Good' =4,141,062, 'Feel' =1,397,406). all WoRds WeRe verY Low freQueNcy (Except wOrds sucH As 'oF', 'fROM', 'AnD', 'with', 'was', 'a', 'is', 'inside', 'hErE') sEnTences MoNolingUAl muLTilinguaL NOM_L_l_3 WolVES distRibuTE eXcessive ListinGS NUmBer of ocCuRrenceS iN 5.9 biLliOn CorPUs WoLves = 47,502 DiStribute = 56,011 excesSIve = 86,654 Listings = 89,574 MONolINGUALS 52.9% MistaKEs oVErVIew: ALl mAde phonetic MistAKes oN the FIrSt wORd and Last wOrD. maJOrity of mistakes were ThE same mIstakEs, there is consIstency in tHE TYpe of errOrs mADe muLTILINGUALS 83.3% MiStakeS Overview: PHOnetic miStakeS made on fIrst, seconD LAst and laSt wOrd. new WorD CReAtion from phonETIcs (e.G. BAllistiCs, WAltz, golD, woOds, BalL, haLlS), differenT word forMs TaKeN fRom The orIGinal (e.g. eXcEss, AcCesS, listENing). SoMe perCeivEd 3 Or 5 WOrdS. Most miSTaKES madE iN wOrds ThaT cAn be sHortENed To anothEr word. walLs dIStriBuTe ExcessiVe listings (6) walKs Distribute ExCesSive liSTIngs wolvEs distribute excessive inSTincts wAllS distRibuTe accesibAliStics wAllS DistruBute exCessiVe LisTINgs waLKS dIstRiBute excessIVE liStingS wOlveS distriBute excessive instiNCts Wolves distribUte ExceSSIvE blIStINgs OlDS diSTRibute excessive Listings diStRIbUte excessiVE liStIngs oreS distriBute eXCessive Listening Wolves disTrIbutE ACceSsible instIncts (2) all DistributES
02), (0.16,0.2), (0.29,0.3 9) respect ively . T hecl assi fica tion of thesec lust ers made it easier tofindse n tenc e sthatcausedt he b igg es tdif fe r en ce in  pe rceptio n betweenmul ti linguals and mo nolinguals  fo r further in ves tigati on  (s e e Fin din g IV) . 26 F i ndingIV: Multi li n gualsc reatedn e wword s out of the phon e ti c s of the origi nal wo rd s ,a s  we llas new sem an tic c o ntent ( s ee T a ble 4). Table 4:A descripti v e a nalysi sofs entenc es id en t ifi ed from Fin ding  IV. Perc entage shows t h e perce ntageofpar tici p an ts  th at got th iss ent ence wro ng .Numbe rs i n b r acke tsshow  repe titions (e.g.  (b )= b par ticip antswrot ethis) . Freq uency  w as measured usi ng t he NOW Co rpu s(co rp us.by u .edu,201 8),  number s refer toth e n um ber of occurrences  i n a5.9 bill ion wo r dCo r pus from  n ews pape r s  andmaga z in es since  2010. (a sreferen ce  point s;  th e w ord ' t he'= 354, 288,885, 'Peop l e' = 10,349,56 2 , 'Good' =4,1 4 1, 0 6 2, 'Fee l'=1,397,406) . Al l  wor ds w e re  ve r y low  freq ue n cy (except words suchas  'of',  'fro m', 'and', 'w ith', 'was ' , 'a', 'is ', ' i ns i de', 'here') S enten ces Monoli n gual Mul tilin gual NoM _L_L_3 Wo l v es distr ibu teexc ess i v elistings Numb e r  ofoc currenc esin 5.9bil lio n C orp us  Wolves =  47,502Di st ri bu te= 56, 0 11 Exces si ve=86, 654 L i stings  = 89 ,574  M ON O LIN GUALS 5 2 .9 % Mist ak es  Ove rvi ew : All  mad e  ph oneticmistakesont he f ir st  word a nd last word.  M ajority of  m ist akes w e r e the sa me mistakes, there is c o nsisten cyin th e ty pe of err ors  madeMUL T ILINGU ALS 83 .3% M is tak e s  Over v i ew : P ho netic mist a k esmadeon  fir st, sec ond last and lastw ord . New word cr eat ionf r om  ph o ne t ics  ( e .g. B allistics, Walt z, gold, w oo d s,  ball, hal l s),  d ifferen t wordforms taken f rom the o riginal ( e. g. e x c ess , access,listenin g). Somep ercei v ed  3 or  5words.  M ost  mist akes m a dein wo rds th at  can b e sho rt ened toanother word. walls dis tribut e exc ess ive listi ngs (6)  walks di stri bute exces siv e l istin gsw olves  dis t ri but e  exce ssiv e  instinct s  w all s di stribute ac c e s iba listi csw alls d istr ubute excessive l i stings walks d istr i b ute  ex c essi ve  listings wolv esdi s t ribute e xc essive inst incts wo lv e s dis tribut e exce ssive b l i st i ngs ol ds d ist ribute ex ces si v e listi ng sd istrib uteex cessiv e list i ngso r es distribute ex cessi v e  list e nin g wol ve s distr i bute  accessibl e instincts  (2) a ll d istri butes
02), (0.16,0.2),_(0.29,0.39) respectively._The classification of these_clusters made_it_easier to_find_sentences that caused_the biggest difference_in perception between multilinguals_and monolinguals for_further_investigation (see Finding IV). 26 Finding IV: Multilinguals created new words out of the_phonetics_of the_original_words,_as well as new semantic_content (see Table 4). Table_4: A_descriptive analysis of sentences identified from Finding IV._Percentage_shows the percentage_of participants that got this sentence wrong. Numbers in_brackets show repetitions (e.g. (b)= b_participants wrote this)._Frequency_was_measured using the NOW_Corpus (corpus.byu.edu, 2018), numbers refer to_the number of occurrences in a_5.9 billion word Corpus from newspapers and_magazines since 2010. (as reference points;_the word 'the' = 354,288,885,'People'_= 10,349,562,_'Good' =4,141,062, 'Feel' =1,397,406). All_words were very_low frequency_(except words such_as 'of', 'from', 'and', 'with', 'was',_'a', 'is', 'inside',_'here') Sentences Monolingual Multilingual NoM_L_L_3 Wolves_distribute_excessive listings Number_of_occurrences_in 5.9_billion Corpus Wolves_=_47,502 Distribute_=_56,011 Excessive = 86,654 Listings =_89,574_MONOLINGUALS 52.9% Mistakes Overview: All made phonetic_mistakes on the first_word_and last word. Majority_of mistakes were the same_mistakes, there is consistency in the_type of_errors made_MULTILINGUALS 83.3% Mistakes Overview: Phonetic mistakes made on first, second last_and last word. New word creation_from phonetics (e.g. Ballistics,_Waltz, gold,_woods,_ball, halls), different_word_forms taken_from the original (e.g. excess, access, listening)._Some perceived_3 or 5 words. Most mistakes_made in words that_can_be shortened to another word. walls_distribute excessive listings (6) walks distribute_excessive listings wolves distribute excessive_instincts_walls_distribute accesibalistics walls distrubute excessive_listings walks distribute excessive listings wolves_distribute excessive instincts_wolves distribute excessive blistings olds distribute excessive_listings_distribute excessive listings ores distribute excessive_listening_wolves distribute accessible instincts (2) all_distributes