 "very weak and superficial" and the explanatory part is juxtaposed to the representative part like a parasite. In 18 From the work of Paul Needham (1998), Brenner (1990), and Stoffel (2002) has deployed the debate on the realism and/or instrumentalism in the thinking of Duhem. More recently, an amount of different types of Duhemian realism has been deployed: the structural realism of Elie Zahar (2000), the motivational realism of Merikangas Karen Darling (2003). Consult the work of Fábio Leite (2017) for this theme. Roberto Estrada Olguin – Bon Sens and Noûs 120 addition, this independent development of each one of the two parts of the physical theory has a consequence related to the history of physics: While the progress of experimental physics put the theory in difficulties, while forced to modify it, to transform it, the purely representative enters almost whole in the new theory, gives you the inheritance of everything more valuable than had the old theory; while the explanatory part succumbs to leave their place to another explanation. Thus, for a continuing tradition each physical theory inherits the part of the natural classification that has been able build to that which follows. (Duhem 1906, 48)19 Thus, according Duhem the role played by the history of science generally and the history of physics particularly is reach the goal of becoming the natural classification, that is, a classification that reflects the ontological order. However, since the belief or conviction in a tendency to the natural classification, has as its foundation on "an intuition in which Pascal has recognized one of those reasons of the heart 'which reason does not know', he affirms his faith in a real order, which theories are an image clearer and more faithful every" (Duhem 1906, 38-39), then the apologetic role of the history of physics is maintained. In sum, in the three general and principal parts of thought of Pierre Duhem, it keeps the apologetic aspect of such thought. In fact, in all these parts of the thinking of the French philosopher the notion of bon sens has a fundamental role and the bon sens, in turn, is based on the doctrine of the heart of Pascal, as we hope to show below. Duhem and Aristotle Some of his commentators and selfsame Duhem have pointed the Aristotelian background of his thought. Martin has rightly pointed out that in the conclusion of Le mixte et la combinaison chimique:
" very weak and superficial " and the explanatory part is juxtaposed to the representative part like a leech. In 18 From the workplace of Paul Needham (1998), Brenner (1990), and Stoffel (2002) has deployed the debate on the platonism and/or instrumentalism in the thinking of Duhem. More recently, an measure of different types of Duhemian reality has been deployed: the structural reality of Elie Zahar (2000), the motivational realism of Merikangas Karen Darling (2003). Consult the oeuvre of Fábio Leite (2017) for this theme. Roberto Estrada Olguin – Bon Sens and Noûs 120 addition, this autonomous development of each one of the two parts of the physical theory has a consequence related to the history of physics: While the advancement of experimental physics put the theory in difficulty, while forced to modify it, to translate it, the purely representative enters about whole in the new theory, gives you the inheritance of everything more valuable than had the old hypothesis; while the explanatory part succumbs to leave their place to another explanation. Thus, for a continuing tradition each forcible hypothesis inherit the part of the natural classification that has been able build to that which follows. (Duhem 1906, 48)19 Thus, harmonize Duhem the function played by the history of science broadly and the history of purgative peculiarly is reach the goal of becoming the natural classification, that is, a classification that reflects the ontological order. However, since the impression or conviction in a tendency to the natural classification, has as its foundation on " an intuition in which Pascal has recognized one of those reasons of the heart' which reason does not know', he affirms his faith in a veridical order, which theory are an image clearer and more faithful every " (Duhem 1906, 38 - 39), then the apologetic role of the history of physics is keep. In sum, in the three general and principal part of thought of Pierre Duhem, it keeps the apologetic aspect of such thought. In fact, in all these contribution of the thinking of the French philosopher the notion of bon sen has a fundamental function and the bon sens, in bend, is based on the doctrine of the center of Pascal, as we hope to show under. Duhem and Aristotle Some of his commentators and selfsame Duhem have pointed the Aristotelian background of his thought. Martin has rightly pointed out that in the decision of Le mixte et la combinaison chimique:
 "vegy weak and superficial" xnd the explanajoey parv is justaposed to the representative part pije a kcrasite. In 18 From the work of Iaul Needyam (1998), Vrenner (1990), ais Stoffcj (2002) hzd de'liyed the debatg on the reanism and/or insdrjmzntalism in the thinking of Duhem. Mowe recemtpy, an amount os digserehn uypes of Duhemian realism has beeh deplojed: the structurak realism of Elie Zahar (2000), tje mltivational realisl of Merikabgas Jaren Darline (2003). Consult the work of Fábio Leite (2017) for this theme. Robdrto Zstrada Olgonb – Hmn Sens and Noûs 120 addition, thlx inde[endent development on eaci onw of the two parts of the physical theoty has a cmnaequence related ro the vistmry ud pfysjcx: Shile hhe progress kf experimebtal physics put tht trvpry in diffidultief, rhile forced to modify it, to transform pt, tge purely representativw enters almost whole in the nqw theory, gives you the inheritance of everything more xalbqble gyaj had the old theory; while the explanatory pawf xubcumbs to leave tmeir place to anotneg rvplanation. Thos, for c ckntinuing traditioj each khysicql theory inhrrits the part of the naturql classificctiin that has been ayle build to thaj whicn follows. (Duhem 1906, 48)19 Thus, cccordjng Duhem tje role pmxyed by the histury ox scienct generally and thq history of 'hysics oartocularjy is reacj the goal of becoming tje najural wlassificahion, that is, a classification tiet reflects tne onnological ordev. However, since the belief or conviccion iv a tendenby to the natural clwssification, vws as its fonndation jn "ab inruition kn which Pascak has recognized onw of those reasons of fhe heart 'which reqson does not kmow', he avfmrms rhs faith in d rexl utder, dhich theorles are an image clearer ang mode faithful every" (Cumem 1906, 38-39), theb the apjlogetic role of the history of physmcs is mainyaiged. In sum, in the three generam and prijciial parts of ehounht jf Pierre Buhem, it keeps the apologetic aspect of wuch thought. In faxt, in all these parjs pf the thinling jf the Franch philosopher the notion of bon seks has a fundamental rkle ang the bon sens, in turn, is based on the doctrine of the heart of Pascal, as we hipe to show below. Suhek and Axiscotle Sjme lh his commentatorx and selfsame Duhem have pointxd the Arivtjtelian background of his thpueht. Martin har rightly pointed out thzt in thr conclusion of Le mixte et la vombinaison chimique:
"very weak and superficial" and the explanatory juxtaposed the representative like a parasite. of Needham (1998), Brenner and Stoffel (2002) deployed the debate on the realism instrumentalism in the thinking of Duhem. More recently, an amount of different types Duhemian realism has been deployed: the structural realism of Elie Zahar (2000), the realism Merikangas Darling Consult the work of Fábio Leite (2017) for this theme. Roberto Estrada Olguin – Bon Sens Noûs 120 addition, this independent development of each of the two parts the physical theory has a related the history physics: the of experimental physics the theory in difficulties, while forced to modify it, to transform it, the purely representative enters almost in the gives you inheritance everything valuable than had theory; while the explanatory part succumbs place to another explanation. Thus, for a continuing each physical inherits the part of the natural that has been able build to that which (Duhem 1906, 48)19 Thus, according Duhem the role played by the history of science generally history of physics particularly reach the goal becoming natural that a classification reflects the ontological order. However, since the belief or conviction in tendency to the natural classification, has as its foundation on in Pascal has recognized of those reasons of heart reason does not know', his in which are image clearer and more every" (Duhem 1906, 38-39), then apologetic role of the In sum, in the three general and principal of thought of Pierre Duhem, it keeps apologetic aspect of such thought. In fact, in all these parts of thinking of philosopher the notion of bon sens has a role and the bon in turn, is based on the doctrine of the of as we to show below. and Aristotle Some his commentators and have pointed Aristotelian of has rightly pointed out that in conclusion Le mixte et la combinaison
 "very weak and superficial" and The explanaTory pArt Is jUxTapoSed tO the representaTIve pArt like a parasite. In 18 From The woRk OF PauL neEdham (1998), brenner (1990), ANd sTOffEl (2002) HaS dePlOYeD the dEbaTe on the Realism and/Or iNsTrumentalism IN tHe thinking Of DUhem. More receNtlY, an amoUnT of DIfferEnt Types Of DuheMIan reaLism has beEn DEployeD: The struCTUrAl reAlism of Elie Zahar (2000), tHE mOTivational realIsm of MErIKaNGAs KAreN Darling (2003). CoNsUlt thE Work of FÁBiO lEIte (2017) FOr this theme. RoBerto EstradA olgUin – Bon seNs aND Noûs 120 aDditiOn, THis Independent DeveLopment of Each onE Of the twO Parts of The phySicAl tHeorY HaS a ConSeQUenCE rElaTEd tO the histOrY oF physIcs: WHILE The pRogRess Of expErimental physIcs Put tHE thEory iN diffIculTiEs, whiLe forcEd to mOdIfy it, to transforM it, tHe purely rEprEsEntAtIve enTErs almOst WhoLe in the New theoRY, giVeS YOU tHe inheritance of eveRyTHInG more valUable tHAn HaD The old thEoRy; wHile THE explAnatORy Part succUmbs to LEaVe Their plAcE to anoThEr eXplAnatiON. ThuS, for a cOntinuinG tradITion each physicAL theory inheriTS tHE PaRT of tHe nAtural classIficATion That HAs BeeN Able bUild tO tHAt WHich follows. (Duhem 1906, 48)19 ThuS, aCcordiNg DuhEm the role playEd by the hisTORY of scienCe geNErALly and the histoRy of pHysics partICularly iS reacH the goal Of becominG THe naturaL clAssIfiCatION, tHat is, a classifICAtioN tHat reflEctS the ontOloGicAl oRdeR. HOwever, sinCe the belIeF oR cOnVicTion iN A tendencY tO thE nAtuRal clASsificAtion, Has aS iTs FOunDation oN "An INTuitIoN iN whiCh PAsCal haS recOGniZed one oF those reaSonS Of thE hEaRt 'which Reason does not KnOw', he affirmS hIs fAith in A REal order, Which theories are an image CLearer aNd mOre faIthfUl every" (DuHem 1906, 38-39), Then thE apOLogetiC role oF the hIsTorY OF physICS iS maInTained. In suM, IN thE threE gEnerAl and prIncipal parts of thouGHt oF Pierre Duhem, iT keEps tHE ApOloGEtIC asPeCT of SUCh thought. In fact, In all these PaRTs Of the thinkINg oF tHe FrencH philosOpher THe notioN of bon senS has a fundAmEntaL ROle And the bon sEns, in turN, is based oN The doCTrIne of The Heart oF PAscAl, as wE hope tO ShoW beloW. Duhem AnD AristOtle SOmE of his coMmentators and selfsame DuHem havE poinTed The AristoTelIAn bAckground Of hiS thought. MaRtiN haS righTly POinteD out THaT in THe conClusIOn of Le mixTE eT la COMbInaison chimIQUE:
 "very weak and superficia l" and the  expl ana tor ypart  isjuxtaposed tot he r epresentative part lik e a p ar a site .  I n 18From th e  w o r k o fPa ulNe e dh am (1 998 ), Bren ner (1990) , a nd  Stoffel (20 0 2)  has deplo yed  the debateonthe re al ism and/o r i nstru mental i sm inthe think in g  of Du h em. Mor e re cent ly, an amount ofd if f erent types of  Duhem ia n  r e a lis m h as been de pl oyed: the str u ct u r a l r e alism of Elie  Zahar (200 0 ),the mo ti vat i onal r ealis mo f M erikangas K aren  Darling(2003) .  Consul t  the wo rk ofFáb ioLeit e  ( 20 17)  f o r t h is  th e me.  Roberto  E st radaOlgu i n –  Bon  Se ns a nd No ûs 120 additi on,  thi s  in depen dentdeve lo pment  of ea ch on eof the two part s of  the phys ica lthe or y has a cons equ enc e relat ed to t h e h is t o r yof physics: Whileth e pr ogress o f expe r im en t al physi cs  pu t th e theor y in di fficulti es, wh i le  f orced t omodify  i t,totrans f ormit, th e purely  repr e sentative ente r s almost whol e  i n th e  new  th eory, gives  you theinhe r it anc e  of e veryt hi n gm ore valuable than h ad  the o ld th eory; while t he explana t o r y part s uccu m bs to leave their  plac e to anoth e r explan ation . Thus,for a con t i nuing tr adi tio n e ach p hy sical theoryi n heri ts  the pa rtof thenat ura l c las si ficationthat has  b ee nab lebuild to thatwh ich  f oll ows.( Duhem1906,  48) 19  T h us,  accord i ng D uhem  t he  rol e p la yed b y th e  hi story o f science  ge n eral ly  a nd thehistory of ph ys ics partic ul arl y is r e a ch the g oal of becoming the nat u ral cla ssi ficat ion,  that is,  aclassi fic a tion t hat re flect sthe o ntolo g i ca l o rd er. Howeve r ,  si nce t he  bel ief orconviction in a te n den cy to the nat ura l cl a s si fic a ti o n,ha s  as i ts foundation o n "an intu it i on  in whichP asc al  has re cognize d one of thos e reasons  of the h ea rt ' w h ich  reason do es not k now', hea ffirm s  h is fa ith  in are alorder , whic h  th eorie s arean  image  clea re r and mo re faithful every" (Duh em 190 6, 38 -39 ), then t hea pol ogetic ro le o f the hist ory  of  phys ics is ma inta i ne d.I n sum , in the three ge ner a l  a nd principa l p art s oftho u ght of  Pie rre Duhem, it kee p s the apologet ic a s p ect  of such  t hought. In fac t,in a ll these  p arts of the  thinkin go f the  Frenc h phil osopher t he notion  ofbon  sens has  afu n damenta lro l e andthebo n sens , in t u rn,i s  based on the do ctrin e of th e  he art o fPascal, as w e hope toshow below.  Duhem  and  Aris totle S om e of h isco mmentators and selfs ame D uhem ha ve  poi nte d theAris t o telia n ba ck gro und of hi s th o ug ht .  Ma rtin  hasri ghtl y pointed out that  in the con cl usi o n  of Le mi x t e et la co mbi naiso n chimique:
 "very_weak and_superficial" and the explanatory_part is_juxtaposed_to the_representative_part like a_parasite. In 18_From the work of_Paul Needham (1998),_Brenner_(1990), and Stoffel (2002) has deployed the debate on the realism and/or instrumentalism in_the_thinking of_Duhem._More_recently, an amount of different_types of Duhemian realism has_been deployed:_the structural realism of Elie Zahar (2000), the_motivational_realism of Merikangas_Karen Darling (2003). Consult the work of Fábio Leite_(2017) for this theme. Roberto Estrada_Olguin – Bon_Sens_and_Noûs 120 addition, this_independent development of each one of_the two parts of the physical_theory has a consequence related to the_history of physics: While the progress_of experimental physics put the_theory in_difficulties, while forced to modify_it, to transform_it, the_purely representative enters_almost whole in the new theory,_gives you the_inheritance of everything more valuable than_had_the old theory;_while_the_explanatory part_succumbs to leave_their_place to_another_explanation. Thus, for a continuing tradition_each_physical theory inherits the part of the_natural classification that has_been_able build to that_which follows. (Duhem 1906, 48)19_Thus, according Duhem the role played_by the_history of_science generally and the history of physics particularly is reach the_goal of becoming the natural classification,_that is, a classification_that reflects_the_ontological order. However,_since_the belief_or conviction in a tendency to the_natural classification,_has as its foundation on "an_intuition in which Pascal_has_recognized one of those reasons of_the heart 'which reason does not_know', he affirms his faith_in_a_real order, which theories are_an image clearer and more faithful_every" (Duhem 1906,_38-39), then the apologetic role of the_history_of physics is maintained. In sum,_in_the three general and principal parts_of_thought_of Pierre Duhem, it keeps_the apologetic aspect of such thought._In fact, in all these parts of the thinking_of the French_philosopher the notion of bon_sens_has_a fundamental role and the bon sens, in turn, is_based on_the doctrine of_the heart of Pascal, as we hope to show below._Duhem and Aristotle Some of his commentators_and selfsame Duhem have pointed the Aristotelian background of his thought._Martin has rightly pointed out that in the_conclusion of Le mixte et la combinaison_chimique: