 history of philosophy", see Catana 2011, 517-523. In the same year Tannery also published a book on Greek geometry wherein he stressed that a reliable history of mathematics had to account for "the events and the causes" that had led to stages of "past decadence" (Tannery 1887b, V-VI, 4, and 8-9). Stefano Bordoni – The French Roots of Duhem's early Historiography and Epistemology 29 Mature Historiographies and Epistemologies The cult of progress, historiographical and epistemological simplifications, and even positivist religion did not fade away. As late as 1891, the editor of a new reprint of Comte's positive catechism paid tribute to "the saint Father" of the new cult, and insisted on the necessity of putting "the cult before the dogma", namely the religious commitment before the philosophical one. He regretted that some former followers disdained the cult, and confined themselves to a purely philosophical commitment. Not only did he address his criticism to Littré but also to Laffitte, who was charged with having relinquished Comte's religious and political preaching (Lagarrigue 1891, V and VII-XI) However, Tannery's style of research left a meaningful heritage, and inspired the mathematician Gaston Milhaud. 27 The book he published in 1893, Leçons sur les origines de la science grecque, consciously pursued the setting up of a tradition of research that could rely on Tannery's innovative and authoritative researches (Milhaud 1893, 3-5 and 8-9).28 He stressed the creative power of the human mind: scientific progress consisted of "a linguistic evolution", or in other terms, "a new explanation of the same phenomena". This epistemological and historiographical perspective was in conflict with Comte's positivistic faith in the mighty pressure of facts (Milhaud 1893, 11-3, 16-8, and 21-28). In the late 1880s and early 1890s, we find three different histories of science. At first we find Berthelot's positivistic history wherein both the march of scientific progress and the naivety of ancient science were emphasised. Tannery's histories offered a different intellectual landscape: the historiographical reference frame included regressive stages and centuries of stagnation besides progressive trends. Milhaud's histories were embedded in more explicit histori
history of philosophy ", see Catana 2011, 517 - 523. In the same year Tannery besides publish a book on Greek geometry wherein he stressed that a dependable history of mathematics have to account for " the events and the causal agent " that had precede to stages of " past degeneracy " (Tannery 1887b, V - VI, 4, and 8 - 9). Stefano Bordoni – The French root of Duhem's early Historiography and Epistemology 29 Mature Historiographies and Epistemologies The cult of advancement, historiographical and epistemological simplifications, and even positivist religion did not fade away. equally late as 1891, the editor of a newfangled reprint of Comte's positive catechism pay tribute to " the saint Father " of the new cult, and insist on the necessity of putting " the cult before the dogma ", namely the religious commitment before the philosophic one. He regretted that some early followers disdained the cult, and limit themselves to a purely philosophical commitment. Not only did he address his criticism to Littré but besides to Laffitte, who was charge with having relinquished Comte's religious and political preaching (Lagarrigue 1891, V and VII - XI) However, Tannery's style of research left a meaningful heritage, and inspired the mathematician Gaston Milhaud. 27 The book he published in 1893, Leçons sur les origines de la skill grecque, consciously prosecute the setting up of a custom of inquiry that could rely on Tannery's innovative and authoritative researches (Milhaud 1893, 3 - 5 and 8 - 9).28 He stressed the creative office of the human judgment: scientific progress consisted of " a linguistic development ", or in other terms, " a new explanation of the same phenomena ". This epistemological and historiographical perspective was in conflict with Comte's positivistic faith in the mighty pressure of facts (Milhaud 1893, 11 - 3, 16 - 8, and 21 - 28). In the belated 1880s and early 1890s, we witness three unlike histories of science. At first we find Berthelot's positivistic history wherein both the march of scientific progress and the naivety of ancient skill were emphasised. Tannery's history offered a different cerebral landscape: the historiographical reference frame included regressive stages and centuries of stagnation besides progressive tendency. Milhaud's histories were implant in more explicit histori
 hidtory of philosophy", see Gatana 2011, 517-523. In the same yeer Tannsry also published a book on Greek gxomerry wyerein he stressed thag a reliahle histiry id mathematmds had bj acdlunt hor "the events snd the cagses" that had nea co stages of "past decadence" (Tannery 1887f, V-VI, 4, snf 8-9). Stefano Borqoni – The French Roots of Duhem's early Histkriograkhy and Epistemoloby 29 Mature Historiographied anf Epistemologies Tje cult of kdogwwss, historioeraphical and epistemomogical simplifications, and evev posntivist reluguon gid not fadx away. As late as 1891, the edidor of s new reprint pf Romtw's positive catechism paid tribute to "tre saint Xacher" of the new cult, qne inshsteg on rhe nedexsjty of puvting "the chlt before rhe dogma", namely tht rqoigious commifment fesore the philosophical one. He regretted thzt some former followerw disdained the cult, wnd configed themselves to a purely philosophical commitmett. Nov unlv did fw wddress his criticism to Littré but also to Lasriute, who was chargcd with having reloneuofhed Comte's rgligious ahd political preacjing (Ladarritue 1891, V anq VIO-XI) However, Tannery's style if research jwft a meaningful hzritage, and nnspirgd the mathematician Gaston Mnlhaud. 27 The book je publisgdd in 1893, Leçons sur lex mrigines de la science gresque, consriousky pursjed jhe seteing up of a tradition of research that cmuld rely ln Tannery's innovative and authoritative resesrwhev (Milhaub 1893, 3-5 anc 8-9).28 He stresseq the creative power jf thd human mihd: scieitific progrqss consisted lf "a linguisvic evolueion", or un othef terms, "a new ecplanatiou of rhe same phenomena". Thka epistemologiccu and historiogrsphkcaj ierxpqwtive was in conwlizy witf Comte's powktivostic faith in the mhghtg pressure of factx (Iilhaud 1893, 11-3, 16-8, and 21-28). Yn the late 1880s and early 1890s, we fijd thcee dihfereny hystories of science. At first ws find Begthclot's positivystig hiftory wherzin both the march of scientific progresw and the naivety if ancient science ceve emphasisev. Tannqry's histmries offered a diffwrent intellectuak landscape: the histodiogra[hicap reference frame included regressive stages and centuries of stagnation vesides progressivs trrnds. Kijkaud's hystocixs were embedded pn more explicit histori
history of philosophy", see Catana 2011, 517-523. same Tannery also a book on that reliable history of had to account "the events and the causes" that led to stages of "past decadence" (Tannery 1887b, V-VI, 4, and 8-9). Stefano – The French Roots of Duhem's early Historiography and Epistemology 29 Mature Historiographies Epistemologies cult progress, and epistemological simplifications, and even positivist religion did not fade away. As late as 1891, the of a new reprint of Comte's positive catechism tribute to "the saint of the new cult, and on necessity of "the before dogma", namely the commitment before the philosophical one. He regretted that some former followers disdained the cult, and confined themselves a purely Not only he his to Littré but Laffitte, who was charged with having and political preaching (Lagarrigue 1891, V and VII-XI) Tannery's style research left a meaningful heritage, and the mathematician Gaston Milhaud. 27 The book he in 1893, Leçons sur les origines de la science grecque, consciously pursued the setting up tradition of research that rely on Tannery's and researches 1893, and 8-9).28 stressed the creative power of the human mind: scientific progress consisted "a linguistic evolution", or in other terms, "a new explanation same This epistemological and perspective was in conflict Comte's faith in the mighty facts 1893, 21-28). the 1880s and early 1890s, find three different histories of At first we find the march of scientific progress and the naivety ancient science were emphasised. Tannery's histories offered different intellectual landscape: the historiographical reference frame included regressive stages and centuries stagnation besides Milhaud's histories were embedded in more explicit histori
 history of philosophy", see CatAna 2011, 517-523. In the saMe yeaR TaNneRy Also PublIshed a book on GrEEk geOmetry wherein he stresseD that A rELiabLE hIstorY of mathEMaTICs hAd To AccOuNT fOr "the EveNts and tHe causes" thAt hAd Led to stages oF "PaSt decadencE" (TaNnery 1887b, V-VI, 4, and 8-9). steFano BoRdOni – tHe FreNch roots Of DuheM'S early historiogRaPHy and EPIstemolOGY 29 MAturE Historiographies ANd ePistemologies THe cult Of PRoGREss, HisToriographIcAl and EPistemoLOgICAL siMPlifications, aNd even positIVisT religIoN diD Not fadE away. as LAte As 1891, the editor Of a nEw reprint Of ComtE'S positiVE catechIsm paiD trIbuTe to "THe SaInt faTHer" OF tHe nEW cuLt, and insIsTeD on thE necESSITy of PutTing "The cuLt before the doGma", NameLY thE reliGious CommItMent bEfore tHe phiLoSophical one. He reGretTed that soMe fOrMer FoLloweRS disdaIneD thE cult, anD confinED thEmSELVeS to a purely philosopHiCAL cOmmitmenT. Not onLY dId HE address HiS crIticISM to LiTtré BUt Also to LaFfitte, WHo WaS chargeD wIth havInG reLinQuishED ComTe's relIgious anD poliTIcal preaching (LAGarrigue 1891, V and Vii-Xi) hOwEVer, TAnnEry's style of ReseARch lEft a MEaNinGFul heRitagE, aND iNSpired the mathematicIaN GastoN MilhAud. 27 The book he pUblished in 1893, lEÇOns sur leS oriGInES de la science grEcque, ConsciouslY Pursued tHe setTing up of A traditioN OF researcH thAt cOulD reLY On tannery's innovATIve aNd AuthoriTatIve reseArcHes (milHauD 1893, 3-5 aNd 8-9).28 He stresSed the crEaTiVe PoWer Of the HUman mind: ScIenTiFic ProgrESs consIsted Of "a lInGuIStiC evolutIOn", OR In otHeR tErms, "A neW eXplanAtioN Of tHe same pHenomena". THis EPistEmOlOgical aNd historiograPhIcal perspeCtIve Was in cONFlict witH Comte's positivistic faitH In the miGhtY presSure Of facts (MiLhaUd 1893, 11-3, 16-8, and 21-28). IN thE Late 1880s aNd earlY 1890s, we fInD thREE diffEREnT hiStOries of sciENCe. AT firsT wE finD BertheLot's positivistic hiSTorY wherein both tHe mArch OF ScIenTIfIC prOgREss AND the naivety of anCient scienCe WErE emphasiseD. tanNeRy's histOries ofFered A DiffereNt intelleCtual landScApe: tHE HisToriographIcal refeRence framE IncluDEd RegreSsiVe stagEs And CentuRies of STagNatioN besidEs ProgreSsive TrEnds. MilhAud's histories were embeddEd in moRe expLicIt histori
 history of philosophy", s ee Catana2011,  51 7-5 23 . In  the  same year Tan n eryalso published a bookon Gr ee k  geo m et ry wh erein h e  s t r ess ed  t hat  a re liabl e h istoryof mathema tic shad to accou n tfor "the e ven ts and the c aus es" th at  ha d  ledtostage s of " p ast de cadence"(T a nnery1 887b, V - V I,  4,and 8-9). Stefano Bo r doni – The Fre nch Ro ot s  o f Duh em' s early Hi st oriog r aphy an d  E p i s tem o logy 29 Matur e Historiog r aph ies an dEpi s temolo giesTh e  cu lt of progr ess,  historio graphi c al ande pistemo logica l s imp lifi c at io ns,  a n d e v en  po s iti vist rel ig io n did  not f a d e aw ay.  Aslateas 1891, theedi toro f a  newrepri nt o fComte 's pos itive  c atechism paid t ribu te to "th e s ai ntFa ther" of the  ne w c ult, an d insis t edon t h enecessity of putti ng " th e cult b eforet he  d o gma", na me lyther e ligio us c o mm itment b eforet he  p hilosop hi cal on e.  He  re grett e d th at som e former  foll o wers disdained the cult, and co n f in e d th ems elves to apure l y ph ilos o ph ica l  comm itmen t. No t  only did he addres shis cr itici sm to Littrébut also t o L affitte,  who wa s  charged withhavin g relinqui s hed Comt e's r eligious  and poli t i cal prea chi ng(La gar r i gu e 1891, V and V II-X I)  Howeve r,Tannery 'ssty leofre search le ft a mea ni ng fu lher itage ,  and ins pi red  t hemathe m aticia n Gas tonMi lh a ud.  27 The bo o k  hepu bl ishe d i n1893,  Leç o nssur les  origines  de la s ci en ce grec que, consciou sl y pursuedth e s etting u p of a t radition of research th a t could  re ly on  Tan nery's in nov ativeand author itativ e res ea rch e s  (Mil h a ud  18 93 , 3-5 and8 - 9). 28 He  s tres sed the  creative power of the  human mind:sci enti f i cpro g re s s c on s ist e d  of "a linguist ic evoluti on " ,or in othe r  te rm s, "a n ew expl anati o n of th e same ph enomena".  T hise p ist emological  and his toriograp h icalp er spect ive  was i ncon flict  withC omt e's p ositiv is tic fa ith i nthe migh ty pressure of facts (M ilhaud  1893 , 1 1-3, 16-8 , a n d 2 1-28). In  the  late 1880 s a ndearly  18 9 0s, w e fi n dthr e e dif fere n t histori e sofs c ie nce. At fir s t wefindBer t helot' s po sitivistic histor y  wherein boththem a rch  of scie nt ific progressand  t h e  naivety  o f ancient s cience w er e  emph asised . Tann ery's h i s to r ies of fere d a  differen t i nt e llectua lla n dscape : th ehistor iograp h ical r eference frame i nclud e d  regr e ssi ve st ag es andc entu ries of st agnation be sidesprog ressi ve tren ds . Milh aud 's  histories were embe ddedin more  e xpli cit  histo ri
 history_of philosophy",_see Catana 2011, 517-523._In the_same_year Tannery_also_published a book_on Greek geometry_wherein he stressed that_a reliable history_of_mathematics had to account for "the events and the causes" that had led to_stages_of "past_decadence"_(Tannery_1887b, V-VI, 4, and 8-9)._Stefano Bordoni – The French_Roots of_Duhem's early Historiography and Epistemology 29 Mature Historiographies_and_Epistemologies The cult_of progress, historiographical and epistemological simplifications, and even positivist_religion did not fade away. As_late as 1891,_the_editor_of a new reprint_of Comte's positive catechism paid tribute_to "the saint Father" of the_new cult, and insisted on the necessity_of putting "the cult before the_dogma", namely the religious commitment_before the_philosophical one. He regretted that_some former followers_disdained the_cult, and confined_themselves to a purely philosophical commitment._Not only did_he address his criticism to Littré_but_also to Laffitte,_who_was_charged with_having relinquished Comte's_religious_and political_preaching_(Lagarrigue 1891, V and VII-XI) However,_Tannery's_style of research left a meaningful heritage,_and inspired the mathematician_Gaston_Milhaud. 27 The book_he published in 1893, Leçons_sur les origines de la science_grecque, consciously_pursued the_setting up of a tradition of research that could rely on_Tannery's innovative and authoritative researches (Milhaud_1893, 3-5 and 8-9).28_He stressed_the_creative power of_the_human mind:_scientific progress consisted of "a linguistic evolution",_or in_other terms, "a new explanation of_the same phenomena". This_epistemological_and historiographical perspective was in conflict_with Comte's positivistic faith in the_mighty pressure of facts (Milhaud_1893,_11-3,_16-8, and 21-28). In the_late 1880s and early 1890s, we_find three different_histories of science. At first we find_Berthelot's_positivistic history wherein both the march_of_scientific progress and the naivety of_ancient_science_were emphasised. Tannery's histories offered_a different intellectual landscape: the historiographical_reference frame included regressive stages and centuries of stagnation_besides progressive trends._Milhaud's histories were embedded in_more_explicit_histori