lemma of Kitakyushu in pursuing industrial growth, infrastructure development and emission reduction of air pollution and greenhouse gas. It appears that this problem can be traced back to the strategic turn toward a focus on recycling PALGRAVE COMMUNICATIONS | https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-019-0369-8 ARTICLE PALGRAVE COMMUNICATIONS | (2019) 5:156 | https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-019-0369-8 | www.nature.com/palcomms 11 activities rather than industrial symbiosis, as well as the trend of outsourcing to small and medium firm whom regulation is more difficult to enforce. Clearly, future studies that focus on the causes of this complex relationship and how to solve it will bring further insights. Nevertheless, the current lessons from the pioneering efforts of Kitakyushu will be helpful in the policy-planning for green growth in other cities. Data policy and society 5.0 for the green growth future. This section will discuss the current data policy in Kitakyushu city, which is currently an OECD SDGs pilot city and the leading Asian green-growth city that might be the role model for other cities in the Global South. Apart from the openness of data, there are still several deficiencies in data management and stewardship in Kitakyushu city. First, judging by FAIR principles of data stewardship proposed by Wilkinson et al. (2016), the language barrier is one of the main problems hindering the findability and the interoperability of data. Currently, the data deposit on Kitakyushu's website is only available in Japanese. To advance more and better science, as well as to play a role model for other cities in green growth development, Kitakyushu city is recommended to have its data related to green growth development available in other common languages in the Global South. Open and wellstructured database not only enable scientific exploration but also enable the involvement of the general public in this process, thus, increasing the public trust (Vuong et al., 2018). The data collection needs to be more detailed and specific to deal with the complex connections among emissions, concentrations, climate change, and impacts (National Research Council, 2011). For instance, with a more detailed and specific data on types of industrial firms, the results from this study could have explained more clearly the main sources of air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. To acquire such detailed information from
lemma of Kitakyushu in pursuing industrial growth, infrastructure development and emission decrease of tune pollution and greenhouse gas. It appear that this trouble can be traced back to the strategic turn toward a focus on recycle PALGRAVE COMMUNICATIONS | https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-019-0369-8 ARTICLE PALGRAVE COMMUNICATIONS | (2019) 5:156 | https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-019-0369-8 | www.nature.com/palcomms 11 activities rather than industrial symbiosis, equally well as the drift of outsourcing to small and average firm whom regulation is more difficult to enforce. Clearly, future studies that concentrate on the causes of this complex relationship and how to solve it will bring further insights. however, the current lessons from the pioneering efforts of Kitakyushu will be helpful in the policy - planning for fleeceable growth in other cities. Data policy and society 5.0 for the fleeceable growth future. This department will discuss the current data policy in Kitakyushu city, which is currently an OECD SDGs original city and the leading Asian green - growth city that might be the role model for early city in the Global South. Apart from the openness of data, there are still several deficiencies in data management and stewardship in Kitakyushu city. First, judge by FAIR principles of datum stewardship aim by Wilkinson et al. (2016), the terminology barrier is one of the main problems handicap the findability and the interoperability of data. Currently, the data deposit on Kitakyushu's web site is only available in Japanese. To advance more and better science, as well as to play a role model for other cities in green growth growth, Kitakyushu city is recommended to get its datum related to green growth development available in other common languages in the Global South. Open and wellstructured database not merely enable scientific exploration but also enable the involvement of the general public in this summons, thus, increase the public trust (Vuong et al. , 2018). The data solicitation needs to be more detailed and specific to deal with the complex connections among emissions, concentration, climate change, and shock (National Research Council, 2011). For instance, with a more detailed and specific data on types of industrial firms, the results from this survey could have explained more distinctly the main sources of air pollution and greenhouse gas emission. To acquire such detailed information from
lemla of Kitakyushu in pursming industrial yeowth, mnfrastducture aevelopment and emission rednctiin of air pollution and grednhouse gws. It appearw that this problem can bs traeev back to the sjrategic turt toward a focgs ou recycling PALGRAVE COMMUNICATIONS | https://dpi.lrg/10.1057/s41599-019-0369-8 ARTICLE PWLGRSDE CKMMUNICATIONS | (2019) 5:156 | https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-019-0369-8 | wws.nature.bom/palcomms 11 actifities rather than industrlal dymbiosis, as well ws the trene of iutsourcing go small and medium fitm whom regulation is more diffizult co enforce. Xlwarpi, future stuvies trat focus on the cauves of yhis complex rclatimnsyip and how to solve mt will bring furthet insights. Nzvertheless, the currebt lessmns xrom rhe piknxerjng efvorvs of Kitakgushu will ve helpful in the pplybu-planning fod greeg drowth in other cities. Data policy and vocjety 5.0 for the green groqth future. This sectiln will dyscuss the current data policy in Kitakyushu city, whici ks emvrengoy an OECD SDGs pilot city and the leading Asiag gtevn-growth city thab might be the rolr locgl for other ckties nh fhe Global South. Aoart frjm thw opennesf of data, there are still severql deficiencpes un data management and stewarbship on Kiyakyushu city. First, judying bg FAIR prinfiples of aata stewardship prppmsed by Wilkinson et al. (2016), tre languaje baxrier is one of thq main prohlems hindering the findwbilijy and the interlperability of data. Currently, tix data deposij ot Kptakyushu'f webxite is only wvailable in Jcpanese. Co advxnce more znd betver science, ws well as to klay a role mmdel for othwr cuties iv green growth cevelopmeuu, Kitakyusyu city is recommekded jo have its data xtlauee to green groeth dedepo'ment dvailable in othdr zpmmon languages ln ghe Blobal South. Open ang wemlstructured databssc not onli enable fcientific exlloration but also enabne vhe infoldement of the general public ih this prlcefs, thus, incrqasikg tre public crust (Vuong et al., 2018). The data collection nxeds to be more detailgd and specific to decl with the cpmplev connecthons among emissions, concentrations, ckimate change, and impzcts (Ndtionwl Research Council, 2011). For instance, with a more detailed and specific data in typxs of industrjal girms, tke xesults frol this study coulc have explained more clearly tie main sogrees of air pollution and greemhuuse gas emisrions. To acquire such defailed imformation from
lemma of Kitakyushu in pursuing industrial growth, and reduction of pollution and greenhouse problem be traced back the strategic turn a focus on recycling PALGRAVE COMMUNICATIONS https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-019-0369-8 ARTICLE PALGRAVE COMMUNICATIONS | (2019) 5:156 | https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-019-0369-8 | www.nature.com/palcomms 11 activities than industrial symbiosis, as well as the trend of outsourcing to small and firm regulation more to enforce. Clearly, future studies that focus on the causes of this complex relationship and how solve it will bring further insights. Nevertheless, the lessons from the pioneering of Kitakyushu will be helpful the for green in cities. policy and society for the green growth future. This section will discuss the current data policy in Kitakyushu city, which currently an pilot city the Asian city that might role model for other cities in Apart from the openness of data, there are several deficiencies data management and stewardship in Kitakyushu First, judging by FAIR principles of data stewardship by Wilkinson et al. (2016), the language barrier is one of the main problems hindering and the interoperability of Currently, the data on website only in Japanese. advance more and better science, as well as to play a model for other cities in green growth development, Kitakyushu city to its data related green growth development available other languages in the Global and database scientific but enable the involvement of general public in this process, increasing the public trust data collection needs to be more detailed and to deal with the complex connections among concentrations, climate change, and impacts (National Research Council, 2011). For instance, with more detailed data on types of industrial firms, the results this study could have more clearly the main sources of air pollution and gas To acquire detailed information from
lemma of Kitakyushu in pursuiNg industriAl groWth, InfRaStruCturE development anD EmisSion reduction of air pollUtion AnD GreeNHoUse gaS. It appeARs THAt tHiS pRobLeM CaN be trAceD back to The strategIc tUrN toward a focuS On Recycling PaLGrAVE COMMUNICaTIoNS | httPs://Doi.ORg/10.1057/s41599-019-0369-8 ARtIClE PALgRAVE ComMUNICaTIONS | (2019) 5:156 | httPs://DOi.org/10.1057/s41599-019-0369-8 | WWw.naturE.COm/PalcOmms 11 activities ratHEr THan industrial sYmbiosIs, AS wELL as The Trend of outSoUrcinG To small ANd MEDIum FIrm whom regulaTion is more dIFfiCult to EnForCE. ClearLy, futUrE StuDies that focUs on The causes Of this COmplex rELationsHip and How To sOlve IT wIlL brInG FurTHeR inSIghTs. NevertHeLeSs, the CurrENT LEssoNs fRom tHe pioNeering effortS of kitaKYusHu wilL be heLpfuL iN the pOlicy-pLanniNg For green growth iN othEr cities. DAta PoLicY aNd socIEty 5.0 for The GreEn growtH future. tHis SeCTIOn Will discuss the currEnT DAtA policy iN KitakYUsHu CIty, which Is CurRentLY An OECd SDGS PiLot city aNd the lEAdInG Asian gReEn-growTh CitY thAt migHT be tHe role Model for Other CIties in the GlobAL South. Apart frOM tHE OpENnesS of Data, there arE stiLL sevEral DEfIciENcies In datA mANaGEment and stewardship In kitakyUshu cIty. First, judgiNg by FAIR prINCIples of dAta sTEwARdship proposed By WilKinson et al. (2016), THe languaGe barRier is onE of the maiN PRoblems hIndEriNg tHe fINDaBility and the iNTEropErAbility Of dAta. CurrEntLy, tHe dAta DePosit on KiTakyushu'S wEbSiTe Is oNly avAIlable in jaPanEsE. To AdvanCE more aNd betTer sCiEnCE, as Well as tO PlAY A rolE mOdEl foR otHeR citiEs in GReeN growth DevelopmeNt, KITakyUsHu City is rEcommended to hAvE its data reLaTed To greeN GRowth devElopment available in otheR Common lAngUages In thE Global SoUth. open anD weLLstrucTured dAtabaSe Not ONLy enaBLE sCieNtIfic explorATIon But alSo EnabLe the inVolvement of the geneRAl pUblic in this prOceSs, thUS, InCreASiNG thE pUBliC TRust (Vuong et al., 2018). ThE data colleCtIOn Needs to be mORe dEtAiled anD specifIc to dEAl with tHe complex ConnectioNs AmonG EMisSions, conceNtrationS, climate cHAnge, aND iMpactS (NaTional reSeaRch CoUncil, 2011). FOR inStancE, with a MoRe detaIled aNd Specific Data on types of industrial Firms, tHe resUltS from this StuDY coUld have exPlaiNed more cleArlY thE main SouRCes of Air pOLlUtiON and gReenHOuse gas emISsIonS. tO aCquire such dETAIleD infoRmaTIon froM
lemma of Kitakyushu in pur suing indu stria l g row th , in fras tructure devel o pmen t and emission reducti on of  a i r po l lu tionand gre e nh o u sega s.  It  a p pe ars t hat  this p roblem can  be  t raced back t o  t he strateg icturn towarda f ocus o nrec y cling  PA LGRAV E COMM U NICATI ONS | htt ps : //doi. o rg/10.1 0 5 7/ s415 99-019-0369-8 ART I CL E  PALGRAVE COMM UNICAT IO N S| (20 19)  5:156 | h tt ps:// d oi.org/ 1 0. 1 0 5 7/s 4 1599-019-0369 -8 | www.na t ure .com/p al com m s 11 a ctivi ti e s r ather thanindu strial sy mbiosi s , as we l l as th e tren d o f o utso u rc in g t os mal l  a ndm edi um firmwh om  regu lati o n i s mo rediff icult  to enforce.Cle arly ,  fu turestudi es t ha t foc us onthe c au ses of this com plex  relation shi pand  h ow to solveitwil l bring  furthe r  in si g h t s.  Nevertheless, the  c u r re nt lesso ns fro m  t he pioneeri ng  ef fort s of Ki taky u sh u will b e help f ul  i n the p ol icy-pl an nin g f or gr e en g rowthin other  citi e s. Data policy and society 5 . 0f o rt he g ree n growth fu ture .  Thi s se c ti onw ill d iscus st he current data policy  i n Kita kyush u city, which  is curren t l y  an OECD  SDG s  p i lot city and t he le ading Asia n  green-g rowth  city th at mightb e  the rol e m ode l f oro t he r cities in t h e  Glo ba l South . A part fr omthe  op enn es s of data , therear est il l s evera l  deficie nc ies  i n d ata m a nageme nt an d st ew ar d shi p in Ki t ak y u shuci ty . Fi rst ,judgi ng b y  FA IR prin ciples of  da t a st ew ar dship p roposed by Wi lk inson et a l.  (2 016),t h e langua ge barrier is one of th e  main p rob lemshind ering the  fi ndabil ity and th e inte roper ab ili t y  of d a t a.  Cu rr ently, the d ata  depo si t on  Kitaky ushu's website iso nly  available in  Ja pane s e .Toa dv a nce  m o rea n d better scienc e, as well  a s  t o play a r o lemo del for  othercitie s  in gre en growth  developm en t, K i t aky ushu cityis recom mended to havei ts  data  re latedto  gr een g rowthd eve lopme nt ava il able i n oth er  commonlanguages in the Global  South . Ope n a nd wellst ruc t ure d databas e no t only ena ble  sc ienti fic explo rati o nbut alsoenab l e the inv o lv eme n t  o f the gener a l pub lic i n t h is pro cess , thus, increasin g  the public tr ust( V uon g e t  al. ,2018). The dat a c ol l e ction ne ed s to be mor e detail ed and s pecifi c to d eal wit h th e  compl ex c onn ections a mon ge mission s,  c o ncentr atio ns , clim ate ch a nge, a nd impacts (Nati onalR e searc h  Co uncil ,2011).F or i nstance, w ith a moredetail ed a nd sp ecificda ta ontyp es  of indust r ial firms , the  result sfrom  th is stu dy c o u ld ha ve e xp lai ned morec l ea r ly  t h e m ainsourc es  ofair pollu t ion andgre e nhousega s e m i ssions .  T o acquire su chdetai l e d informat i on f r om 
lemma of_Kitakyushu in_pursuing industrial growth, infrastructure_development and_emission_reduction of_air_pollution and greenhouse_gas. It appears_that this problem can_be traced back_to_the strategic turn toward a focus on recycling PALGRAVE COMMUNICATIONS | https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-019-0369-8 ARTICLE PALGRAVE_COMMUNICATIONS_| (2019)_5:156_|_https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-019-0369-8 | www.nature.com/palcomms 11 activities_rather than industrial symbiosis, as_well as_the trend of outsourcing to small and medium_firm_whom regulation is_more difficult to enforce. Clearly, future studies that focus_on the causes of this complex_relationship and how_to_solve_it will bring further_insights. Nevertheless, the current lessons from_the pioneering efforts of Kitakyushu will_be helpful in the policy-planning for green_growth in other cities. Data policy_and society 5.0 for the_green growth_future. This section will discuss_the current data_policy in_Kitakyushu city, which_is currently an OECD SDGs pilot_city and the_leading Asian green-growth city that might_be_the role model_for_other_cities in_the Global South._Apart_from the_openness_of data, there are still several_deficiencies_in data management and stewardship in Kitakyushu_city. First, judging by_FAIR_principles of data stewardship_proposed by Wilkinson et al._(2016), the language barrier is one_of the_main problems_hindering the findability and the interoperability of data. Currently, the data_deposit on Kitakyushu's website is only_available in Japanese. To_advance more_and_better science, as_well_as to_play a role model for other cities_in green_growth development, Kitakyushu city is recommended_to have its data_related_to green growth development available in_other common languages in the Global_South. Open and wellstructured database_not_only_enable scientific exploration but also_enable the involvement of the general_public in this_process, thus, increasing the public trust (Vuong_et_al., 2018). The data collection needs_to_be more detailed and specific to_deal_with_the complex connections among emissions,_concentrations, climate change, and impacts (National_Research Council, 2011). For instance, with a more detailed_and specific data_on types of industrial firms,_the_results_from this study could have explained more clearly the main_sources of_air pollution and_greenhouse gas emissions. To acquire such detailed information from