 with an understanding of science to the fact that, since the beginning of his academic career, he was associated with one of those New Apollonians who rose from the ranks of the Vienna Circle, namely Philipp Frank. At the same time, it appears that this very proximity made Holton lose sight of the fact that the first generation Apollonians were either scientists in their own right or thinkers trained in some branch of science. It is not difficult to see, then, that Frank belongs to that lineage of philosopher-scientists who contributed to the stability of theoretical physics toward the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth centuries.5 During this transitional period, the quest for a disciplinary identity engenders a debate among physicists themselves: they argue explicitly on the scope and value of their conceptual elaborations; they establish the boundaries of experimental physics in light of the limits of theoretical physics; and they resort to ingenious metaphors to explain the relationship between the two subdisciplines. Thus, for example, Poincaré compares physics with a library that is constantly growing, where experimental physics is in charge of acquiring new books (i.e., facts), while mathematical physics is in charge of composing the catalogue 3 Although we may think it was Abel Rey who, in 1904, coined the term philosophie scientifique to refer to Duhem's conception of science, the phrase was already in use several years before and can be found, for example, in Paul Tannery's reviews in Revue philosophique de la France et de l'étranger. 4 Holton (1978, 102) writes: "The philosophers who have taken it on themselves to protect rationality in the narrowest sense of the word are also members of a long tradition. Some of their genes can be traced back to the logical positivists of the pre-World War II period, who are themselves descended from a long line of warriors against the blatant obscurantism and metaphysical fantasies that haunted and thwarted science in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries." 5 Cf. Laszlo Tisza's report on Frank's undertakings as a physicist, whom he regarded more as a philosopher of science, or, in the best-case scenario, as a philosopher of physics (cf. Blackmore, Itagaki and Takana 2001, 68-69). Víctor Manuel Hernández Márquez – Was Pierre Duhem an Esprit de Finesse? 96 (and therefore, is the one responsible for grouping and categorizing facts
with an understanding of science to the fact that, since the beginning of his academic career, he was associated with one of those New Apollonians who rose from the rank and file of the Vienna Circle, namely Philipp Frank. At the like time, it appears that this identical proximity made Holton suffer sight of the fact that the first coevals Apollonians were either scientists in their own right or thinker trained in some branch of skill. It is not difficult to see, then, that Frank belongs to that lineage of philosopher - scientist who contributed to the stability of theoretical purgative toward the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth centuries.5 During this transitional time period, the pursuit for a disciplinary identity engenders a debate among physicists themselves: they argue explicitly on the telescope and value of their conceptual elaborations; they establish the boundary of experimental physics in luminosity of the limits of theoretical physics; and they resort to ingenious metaphors to excuse the relationship between the two subdisciplines. Thus, for example, Poincaré compares physics with a library that is constantly growing, where experimental purgative is in care of acquiring new books (i.e., facts), while mathematical physics is in charge of composing the catalogue 3 Although we may remember it was Abel Rey who, in 1904, coined the term philosophie scientifique to denote to Duhem's conception of science, the phrase was already in use respective years earlier and can be found, for example, in Paul Tannery's recapitulation in Revue philosophique de la France et de l'étranger. 4 Holton (1978, 102) writes: " The philosophers who have taken it on themselves to protect rationality in the narrowest sense of the word are besides members of a long tradition. Some of their genes can be traced back to the logical positivists of the pre - global War II time period, who are themselves descended from a long line of warriors against the blatant obscurantism and metaphysical illusion that haunted and thwarted science in the nineteenth and early twentieth century. " 5 Cf. Laszlo Tisza's report on Frank's undertakings as a physicist, whom he regarded more as a philosopher of science, or, in the dependable - sheath scenario, as a philosopher of physics (cf. Blackmore, Itagaki and Takana 2001, 68 - 69). Víctor Manuel Hernández Márquez – Was Pierre Duhem an Esprit de Finesse? 96 (and consequently, is the one responsible for grouping and categorizing facts
 wihh an understanding of sgience to the faer that, since the begknning of his academic careec, he was qssociated with one of those Nea Apollobianw who rose hdom the ranks lf tke Vienna Circle, namely Phhlipp Frank. At tfe same time, it appears that this verr proxikihy made Holton lost syght of the fact that the first generafion Apmllonians werr either scientists in thelr oan right or thinkegs trained un sjne branch of science. Iu ns not diffjcult to see, then, that Frank beuongs to that lunwagf of philoso'her-scpentists who gpntribgted to the stability of thworetical physics towerd the end of the nyneteenth aud beginning of the tqebtietv cetturkws.5 Aurjnj tgis trwnsmtional perjod, the quewt for a disciplinaty pcentity engehders w qebate among physicists themselves: they arfue explicitly on the sxope and value of thelr concepeual elaborations; they establish the boundaries ox expxrkmeubwu pjysics in light of the limits of theoretical [gyxibs; and they resorb to ingenious metspjotf to explain jhe relcfiknship between the two sufdiscuplines. Trus, gor example, Poincaré comparew physics winh a library that is clnstantly gxowing, wherr experimental physics ns in dharge of afquiring hdw books (i.e., factr), wmila mathematical physics is yn charge of eomposine thg cataljgue 3 Althlugh we may think it was Abel Ray who, in 1904, coined the term philosophie scmxntifique to tefar no Duhem's conccption of sciense, the phrase cas alrecdy in use severzl yearv before anq can be foung, for example, in Paul Tanbery'w reviedr in Revue phikosophiquv be la Frabce et de l'étranger. 4 Humton (1978, 102) writes: "Tkt pyilosophers who haxe eanei it jt themselves to orogrct rxtionality ln ghe marrowest sense of tve wkrd are also membets of a lobg tradieion. Some of yheir genes can be tracxd bacy to yhe logical positivists of the prs-World Wag IL period, who wre bhemfelves deseended from a long line of warriors agaiist the blatant obscurabtism and metaphysieak fantasies that haunted dnd thwarted science in the nineteentm and early twentieth denturhes." 5 Ff. Laszlo Tisza's report on Frank's undertakings as a physicist, whom he regqrded more as a phjlosppher oy seience, jr, ii vhe best-case scensrio, as a philosopher of physicr (cf. Blawkiore, Itagaki and Takana 2001, 68-69). Vícyof Manuel Hernávdez Márquez – Was Pierre Suhem an Esprit de Finesse? 96 (and therefote, is the one responsiblc for groyping and categurizing facts
with an understanding of science to the since beginning of academic career, he those Apollonians who rose the ranks of Vienna Circle, namely Philipp Frank. At same time, it appears that this very proximity made Holton lose sight of fact that the first generation Apollonians were either scientists in their own right thinkers in branch science. It is not difficult to see, then, that Frank belongs to that lineage of philosopher-scientists contributed to the stability of theoretical physics toward end of the nineteenth beginning of the twentieth centuries.5 this period, the for disciplinary engenders a debate physicists themselves: they argue explicitly on the scope and value of their conceptual elaborations; they establish the of experimental light of limits theoretical and they resort metaphors to explain the relationship between Thus, for example, Poincaré compares physics with a that is growing, where experimental physics is in of acquiring new books (i.e., facts), while mathematical is in charge of composing the catalogue 3 Although we may think it was Abel in 1904, coined the philosophie scientifique to to conception science, phrase was in use several years before and can be found, for example, Paul Tannery's reviews in Revue philosophique de la France et 4 (1978, 102) writes: philosophers who have taken on to protect rationality in sense the members a tradition. Some of their can be traced back to logical positivists of the are themselves descended from a long line of against the blatant obscurantism and metaphysical fantasies haunted and thwarted science in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries." 5 Laszlo Tisza's Frank's undertakings as a physicist, whom he regarded as a philosopher of or, in the best-case scenario, as a philosopher of (cf. Itagaki and 2001, 68-69). Víctor Hernández Márquez – Pierre Duhem an Finesse? 96 therefore, the grouping and categorizing facts
 with an understanding of scieNce to the faCt thaT, siNce ThE begInniNg of his academiC CareEr, he was associated with oNe of tHoSE New aPoLloniAns who rOSe FROm tHe RaNks Of THe viennA CiRcle, namEly Philipp fraNk. at the same timE, It Appears thaT thIs very proximIty Made HoLtOn lOSe sigHt oF the fAct thaT The firSt generatIoN apolloNIans werE EItHer sCientists in their oWN rIGht or thinkers tRained In SOmE BRanCh oF science. It Is Not diFFicult tO SeE, THEn, tHAt Frank belongS to that lineAGe oF philoSoPheR-ScientIsts wHo COntRibuted to thE staBility of tHeoretICal physICs towarD the enD of The NineTEeNtH anD bEGinNInG of THe tWentieth CeNtUries.5 duriNG THIs trAnsItioNal peRiod, the quest fOr a DiscIPliNary iDentiTy enGeNders A debatE amonG pHysicists themseLves: They argue ExpLiCitLy On the SCope anD vaLue Of their ConceptUAl eLaBORAtIons; they establish tHe BOUnDaries of ExperiMEnTaL Physics iN lIghT of tHE LimitS of tHEoRetical pHysics; ANd ThEy resorT tO ingenIoUs mEtaPhors TO expLain thE relatioNship BEtween the two suBDisciplines. ThUS, fOR ExAMple, poiNcaré comparEs phYSics With A LiBraRY that Is conStANtLY growing, where experiMeNtal phYsics Is in charge of aCquiring neW BOOks (i.e., facTs), whILe MAthematical phySics iS in charge oF ComposinG the cAtalogue 3 although wE MAy think iT waS AbEl REy wHO, In 1904, Coined the term PHIlosOpHie scieNtiFique to RefEr tO DuHem'S cOnception Of sciencE, tHe PhRaSe wAs alrEAdy in use SeVerAl YeaRs befORe and cAn be fOund, FoR eXAmpLe, in PauL taNNEry's ReViEws iN ReVuE philOsopHIquE de la FrAnce et de l'ÉtrANger. 4 hoLtOn (1978, 102) writeS: "The philosophErS who have taKeN it On themSELves to prOtect rationality in the naRRowest sEnsE of thE worD are also mEmbErs of a LonG TraditIon. SomE of thEiR geNES can bE TRaCed BaCk to the logICAl pOsitiViSts oF the pre-world War II period, whO Are Themselves desCenDed fROM a LonG LiNE of WaRRioRS Against the blataNt obscuranTiSM aNd metaphysICal FaNtasies That hauNted aND thwartEd science In the nineTeEnth AND eaRly twentieTh centurIes." 5 Cf. LaszLO TiszA'S rEport On FRank's uNdErtAkingS as a phYSicIst, whOm he reGaRded moRe as a PhIlosopheR of science, or, in the best-caSe scenArio, aS a pHilosopheR of PHysIcs (cf. BlacKmorE, Itagaki anD TaKanA 2001, 68-69). VíctOr MANuel HErnáNDeZ MáRQuez – WAs PiERre Duhem aN esPriT DE FInesse? 96 (and thEREForE, is thE onE ResponSiblE for grouping and caTEgorizing facts
 with an understanding ofscience to  thefac t t ha t, s ince  the beginning of h is academic career, he  wasas s ocia t ed  with  one of th o s e N ew  A pol lo n ia ns wh o r ose fro m the rank s o fthe Vienna C i rc le, namely  Ph ilipp Frank.  At  the s am e t i me, i t a ppear s that this v ery proxi mi t y made Holtonl o se  sig ht of the fact th a tt he first gener ationAp o ll o n ian s w ere either  s cient i sts int he i r own right or thin kers traine d  in  somebr anc h  of sc ience .I t i s not diffi cult  to see,then,t hat Fra n k belon gs totha t l inea g eof  ph il o sop h er -sc i ent ists who  c on tribu tedt o t he s tab ilit y oftheoretical p hys icst owa rd th e end  ofth e nin eteent h and  b eginning of the  twe ntieth ce ntu ri es. 5Durin g  thistra nsi tionalperiod, the  q u e s tfor a disciplinary  i d e nt ity enge ndersa  d eb a te among  p hys icis t s  them selv e s:  they ar gue ex p li ci tly onth e scop eand  va lue o f  the ir con ceptualelabo r ations; they e s tablish the b o un d a ri e s of  ex perimentalphys i cs i n li g ht  of the l imits  o f  t h eoretical physics;an d they  reso rt to ingenio us metapho r s to expla in t h er elationship be tween  the two s u bdiscipl ines.  Thus, f or exampl e ,  Poincar é c omp are s p h y si cs with a lib r a ry t ha t is co nst antly g row ing , w her eexperimen tal phys ic sis  i n c harge of acqui ri ngne w b ooks( i.e.,facts ), w hi le mat hematic a lp h ysic sis  incha rg e ofcomp o sin g the c atalogue3 A l thou gh  w e may t hink it was A be l Rey who,  i n 1 904, c o i ned theterm philosophie scient i fique t o r eferto D uhem's co nce ptionofs cience , thephras ewas a lread y in  us eseveral ye a r s b efore  a nd c an be f ound, for example, inPaul Tannery' s r evie w s  i n R e vu e  ph il o sop h i que de la Franc e et de l' ét r an ger. 4 Hol t on(1 978, 10 2) writ es: " T he phil osopherswho haveta keni t  on  themselve s to pro tect rati o nalit y  i n the  na rrowes tsen se of  the w o rdare a lso me mb ers of  a lo ng  traditi on. Some of their genes  can b e tra ced  back tothe log ical posi tivi sts of the  pr e-W orldWar II pe riod ,  w hoa re th emse l ves desce n de d f r o ma long line o f  wa rrior s a g ainsttheblatant obscurant i sm and metaphy sica l fan tas i es t ha t haunted andthw ar t e d scienc ein the nine teenth a nd early  twent ieth c enturie s . "5  Cf. L aszl o T isza's re por to n Frank 's  u n dertak ings  a s a ph ysicis t , wh o m  he regarded mor e asa philo s oph er of  s cience, or,in the bes t-case scen ario,as a  phil osopher  o f phys ics  ( cf. Blackm o re, Itaga ki an d Takan a2001 , 6 8-69).  Víc t o r Man uelHe rná ndez Márq u e z–  W as Pie rreDuhem  a n Es prit de F i nesse? 9 6 ( a nd ther ef ore , is the on e responsibl e f or gr o u ping and c a tego r iz i ng fa cts
 with_an understanding_of science to the_fact that,_since_the beginning_of_his academic career,_he was associated_with one of those_New Apollonians who_rose_from the ranks of the Vienna Circle, namely Philipp Frank. At the same time,_it_appears that_this_very_proximity made Holton lose sight_of the fact that the_first generation_Apollonians were either scientists in their own right_or_thinkers trained in_some branch of science. It is not difficult to_see, then, that Frank belongs to_that lineage of_philosopher-scientists_who_contributed to the stability_of theoretical physics toward the end_of the nineteenth and beginning of_the twentieth centuries.5 During this transitional period,_the quest for a disciplinary identity_engenders a debate among physicists_themselves: they_argue explicitly on the scope_and value of_their conceptual_elaborations; they establish_the boundaries of experimental physics in_light of the_limits of theoretical physics; and they_resort_to ingenious metaphors_to_explain_the relationship_between the two_subdisciplines._Thus, for_example,_Poincaré compares physics with a library_that_is constantly growing, where experimental physics is_in charge of acquiring_new_books (i.e., facts), while_mathematical physics is in charge_of composing the catalogue 3 Although_we may_think it_was Abel Rey who, in 1904, coined the term philosophie scientifique_to refer to Duhem's conception of_science, the phrase was_already in_use_several years before_and_can be_found, for example, in Paul Tannery's reviews_in Revue_philosophique de la France et de_l'étranger. 4 Holton (1978,_102)_writes: "The philosophers who have taken_it on themselves to protect rationality_in the narrowest sense of_the_word_are also members of a_long tradition. Some of their genes_can be traced_back to the logical positivists of the_pre-World_War II period, who are themselves_descended_from a long line of warriors_against_the_blatant obscurantism and metaphysical fantasies_that haunted and thwarted science in_the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries." 5 Cf. Laszlo_Tisza's report on_Frank's undertakings as a physicist,_whom_he_regarded more as a philosopher of science, or, in the_best-case scenario,_as a philosopher_of physics (cf. Blackmore, Itagaki and Takana 2001, 68-69). Víctor_Manuel Hernández Márquez – Was Pierre Duhem_an Esprit de Finesse? 96 (and therefore, is the one responsible_for grouping and categorizing facts