 economic conditions of a society improve, so that everyone enjoys a comfortable standard of living, citizens' interests in pursuing their life plans as they see fit increases. They are no longer preoccupied with subsistence and so can focus on, e.g. their spiritual needs. Human beings, as such, develop and pursue their plans, Rawls says, within "communities of interest." They undertake their endeavors, that is, by means of attachments to others who OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 2/11/2012, SPi 256 Cynthia A. Stark share their interests and ideals. The associations that are necessary for people to pursue their life plans flourish only when citizens are afforded extensive liberties (1971: 542–43).14 Liberty, in short, gives rise to pluralism. One of the reasons pluralism is required for citizens to undertake their projects is because it is within various associations that citizens come to attach value to their activities-to regard their activities as worth doing. One can pursue one's ends adequately only when one values the activities that make up one's contribution to a cooperative scheme, and the primary way one comes to value those activities is by being surrounded by similar others who confirm their value. Because liberty is required for the emergence and survival of communities of interest, liberty is required for citizens to experience their associates appreciating their endeavors, and it is therefore required for citizens believing in the worth of their endeavors. Liberty sustains citizens' selfrespect, then, by securing one of the personal circumstances that upholds self-respect. Because the mattering notion of self-respect is supported by Rawls's claim that self-respect depends upon the appreciation of others, the mattering notion is supported by Rawls's claim that self-respect depends upon a more expansive liberty since the role of liberty is to afford citizens the opportunity to feel that their activities are appreciated by others. (Notice that the good-for-oneself view of self-respect is also supported by Rawls's claim that liberty secures citizens' self-respect by creating one of the personal circumstances upholding self-respect. This follows from the fact that Rawls's account of the personal circumstances is compatible with both the good-for-oneself and the mattering interpretations of self-respect.) self-respect, primary goods, and social hierarchy I have argued that Rawls's theory of justice employs a univocal notion of self-respect as the belief that the activities that make up one's contribution to a scheme
economic conditions of a society improve, so that everyone enjoys a comfortable standard of support, citizen' interests in pursuing their biography design as they see fit increases. They are no longer preoccupy with subsistence and indeed can focus on, for example their religious needs. Human organism, as such, develop and pursue their design, Rawls say, within " communities of interest. " They undertake their endeavors, that is, by means of attachment to others who OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 2/11/2012, SPi 256 Cynthia A. Stark share their interests and ideal. The associations that are necessary for people to pursue their life plan flourish only when citizens are afforded extensive liberty (1971: 542–43).14 Liberty, in short, gives rise to pluralism. One of the reasons pluralism is required for citizen to contract their project is because it is within various associations that citizens come to attach value to their activities - to regard their activities as deserving act. One can pursue one's end adequately merely when one values the activities that make up one's contribution to a concerted scheme, and the primary way one comes to measure those activities is by being surrounded by similar others who confirm their value. Because liberty is required for the emergence and survival of community of interest, liberty is required for citizens to have their associates appreciate their endeavors, and it is therefore required for citizens believing in the worth of their enterprise. Liberty sustains citizens' selfrespect, then, by secure one of the personal circumstances that upholds self - respect. Because the mattering notion of self - regard is supported by Rawls's call that self - respect depends upon the taste of others, the mattering notion is support by Rawls's claim that self - deference depends upon a more expansive familiarity since the role of liberty is to yield citizens the opportunity to feel that their activities are appreciated by others. (Notice that the good - for - oneself view of self - respect is also supported by Rawls's claim that liberty procure citizens' self - respect by make one of the personal circumstances upholding self - respect. This follows from the fact that Rawls's account of the personal circumstances is compatible with both the beneficial - for - oneself and the mattering interpretations of self - respect .) self - respect, primary goods, and social hierarchy I have argued that Rawls's theory of judge use a univocal notion of self - respect as the belief that the activities that make up one's contribution to a dodge
 eclnomic conditions of a suciety improve, so that everykne enjohs a comfortable standard of luving, citizens' interests in pursuing their lufe klans as they see fit incvzases. Bhey crx no longer prepccupied whth subsistenca xnb so can focus on, e.g. their spiritual needs. Nulan beings, as fuch, qevemop and pursue their plans, Rawls szys, witiin "communities of interest." They undertakf thfir endeavors, that is, by meanw of qttachments go others who OUP CORRGCTED PROOF – FINAL, 2/11/2012, SPi 256 Cynthia A. Stcrk share tyeur ltterests anv ideajs. The assoclstions that ate necessary fpr 'eopoe to pursue their lihe plans flourish onjy when chtnzens are afforded exrebsive libartidw (1971: 542–43).14 Ligecty, in shlrt, gives riss to pluralusm. One of the reaspnf pluralism is requiweq for citizens to undertake their projebts js because it is within various associations that cityzens come to attach value to their activities-to segarv ghenv xxtlvities as worth doing. One can pursue one's enqa sdvquately only whek one values the avtlvojies that make up onz'a dontribution to a fooperajive sxheme, and the primary way one comes to vqlue those abtivuties is by being durrounded yy simolar pthers who confirm theix valus. Because llberty is fequired for the emvrgetce and survival of communyties of mnterzst, libefty os reqtired for fitizcts to experience tjeir cssochates apprfciating their endeavors, and it is therefore teqgirvd for cicizens believing in the worth of jheir endzavors. Liberty slstains cmtizens' selfwespect, then, ti securing onx of the [ersinal circumrgances that upnolds sely-xespect. Bwcause the matterikg nojikn of self-respeeu iw supported by Tawus's cpamm thwd self-respecd deoenax upov the ak'regiagion of others, the mattesing notion is supportrd by Rawlw's claim that self-reslect depends upon w morx expaisive kibgrty since the role of liberty js to afflrd citizens thq opiortonity to fezl that their activities are appreciated by others. (Notice rhat the good-for-onextlf view of sxlf-res[ect is anso supported by Rawos's claim that linerty secures citizens' self-raspech by creating one of the personal circumstances upholding self-respect. Thiw follows from the facy than Rcwlx's accjunt uf the personal bircumstances is compatible with both tha yood-for-oneself and the matterone interpretatkons of self-respect.) self-despect, lrimary goods, and social hierarvhy I have argued that Rswls's thwory kf jusnjcx employs a univocal notiou of swlf-respwct ws the belief thst the actigitits tkat make up one's contribution to q schene
economic conditions of a society improve, so enjoys comfortable standard living, citizens' interests as see fit increases. are no longer with subsistence and so can focus e.g. their spiritual needs. Human beings, as such, develop and pursue their plans, says, within "communities of interest." They undertake their endeavors, that is, by means attachments others OUP PROOF – FINAL, 2/11/2012, SPi 256 Cynthia A. Stark share their interests and ideals. The associations are necessary for people to pursue their life flourish only when citizens afforded extensive liberties (1971: 542–43).14 in gives rise pluralism. of reasons pluralism is for citizens to undertake their projects is because it is within various associations that citizens come to value to regard their as doing. can pursue one's only when one values the activities one's contribution to a cooperative scheme, and the way one to value those activities is by surrounded by similar others who confirm their value. liberty is required for the emergence and survival of communities of interest, liberty is required to experience their associates their endeavors, and is required citizens in the of their endeavors. Liberty sustains citizens' selfrespect, then, by securing one the personal circumstances that upholds self-respect. Because the mattering notion is by Rawls's claim self-respect depends upon the of the mattering notion is Rawls's that a expansive since the role of is to afford citizens the to feel that their (Notice that the good-for-oneself view of self-respect is supported by Rawls's claim that liberty secures self-respect by creating one of the personal circumstances upholding self-respect. This follows the fact account of the personal circumstances is compatible with the good-for-oneself and the interpretations of self-respect.) self-respect, primary goods, and social hierarchy have that Rawls's of justice employs univocal notion of as the belief activities that up contribution
 economic conditions of a sociEty improve, So thaT evEryOnE enjOys a Comfortable staNDard Of living, citizens' intereSts in PuRSuinG ThEir liFe plans AS tHEY seE fIt IncReASeS. They Are No longeR preoccupiEd wItH subsistence ANd So can focus On, e.G. their spiritUal Needs. HUmAn bEIngs, aS suCh, devElop anD Pursue Their planS, RAWls sayS, Within "cOMMuNitiEs of interest." They uNDeRTake their endeaVors, thAt IS, bY MEanS of AttachmentS tO otheRS who OUP coRrectED prOOF – FINAL, 2/11/2012, SPi 256 CYnthia A. StarK ShaRe theiR iNteREsts anD ideaLs. tHe aSsociations That Are necessAry for PEople to PUrsue thEir lifE plAns FlouRIsH oNly WhEN ciTIzEns ARe aFforded eXtEnSive lIberTIES (1971: 542–43).14 libeRty, In shOrt, giVes rise to plurAliSm. OnE Of tHe reaSons pLuraLiSm is rEquireD for cItIzens to undertakE theIr projectS is BeCauSe It is wIThin vaRioUs aSsociatIons thaT CitIzENS CoMe to attach value to tHeIR AcTivities-To regaRD tHeIR activitIeS as WortH DOing. ONe caN PuRsue one's Ends adEQuAtEly only WhEn one vAlUes The ActivITies That maKe up one's ContrIBution to a coopeRAtive scheme, anD ThE PRiMAry wAy oNe comes to vaLue tHOse aCtivITiEs iS By beiNg surRoUNdED by similar others who CoNfirm tHeir vAlue. Because liBerty is reqUIREd for the EmerGEnCE and survival of CommuNities of inTErest, libErty iS requireD for citizENS to experIenCe tHeiR asSOCiAtes appreciatING theIr EndeavoRs, aNd it is tHerEfoRe rEquIrEd for citiZens beliEvInG iN tHe wOrth oF Their endEaVorS. LIbeRty suSTains cItizeNs' seLfReSPecT, then, by SEcURIng oNe Of The pErsOnAl cirCumsTAncEs that uPholds selF-reSPect. beCaUse the mAttering notioN oF self-respeCt Is sUpportED By Rawls's Claim that self-respect depENds upon The AppreCiatIon of otheRs, tHe mattEriNG notioN is supPorteD bY RaWLS's claIM ThAt sElF-respect dePENds Upon a MoRe exPansive Liberty since the rolE Of lIberty is to affOrd CitiZENs The OPpORtuNiTY to FEEl that their actiVities are aPpREcIated by othERs. (NOtIce that The good-For-onESelf vieW of self-reSpect is alSo SuppORTed By Rawls's clAim that lIberty secURes ciTIzEns' seLf-rEspect By CreAting One of tHE peRsonaL circuMsTances UpholDiNg self-reSpect. This follows from the Fact thAt RawLs's Account of The PErsOnal circuMstaNces is compAtiBle With bOth THe gooD-for-ONeSelF And thE matTEring inteRPrEtaTIOnS of self-respECT.) SelF-respEct, PRimary GoodS, and social hierarcHY I have argued thAt RaWLS's tHeoRY of jUsTice employs a unIvoCaL NOtion of sElF-respect as tHe belief ThAT the aCtivitIes thaT make up ONE's COntribUtioN to A scheme
 economic conditions of asociety im prove , s o t ha t ev eryo ne enjoys a co m fort able standard of livin g, ci ti z ens' in teres ts in p u rs u i ngth ei r l if e  p lansasthey se e fit incr eas es . They are n o  l onger preo ccu pied with su bsi stence  a nds o can  fo cus o n, e.g .  their  spiritua ln eeds.H uman be i n gs , as  such, develop an d  p u rsue their pla ns, Ra wl s  s a y s,wit hin "commu ni tieso f inter e st . " The y  undertake th eir endeavo r s,that i s,  by meansof at ta c hme nts to othe rs w ho OUP CO RRECTE D  PROOF–  FINAL,  2/11/ 201 2,SPi2 56  C ynt hi a  A. St ark sha re their  i nt erest s an d i d eals . T he a ssoci ations that a renece s sar y for  peop le t opursu e thei r lif eplans flourishonly  when cit ize ns  ar eaffor d ed ext ens ive  libert ies (19 7 1:54 2 – 4 3) .14 Liberty, in sh or t ,  g ives ris e to p l ur al i sm. Oneof  th e re a s ons p lura l is m is req uiredf or  c itizens  t o unde rt ake  th eir p r ojec ts isbecauseit is within various associationst ha t ci t izen s c ome to atta ch v a lueto t h ei r a c tivit ies-t or eg a rd their activities  a s wort h doi ng. One can p ursue one' s e nds adeq uate l yo nly when one v alues  the activ i ties tha t mak e up one 's contri b u tion toa c oop era tiv e sc heme, and the p rima ry  way on e c omes to  va lue  th ose  a ctivities  is by b ei ng  s ur rou ndedb y simila roth er s w ho co n firm t heirvalu e.  B e cau se libe r ty i s re qu ir ed f orth e eme rgen c e a nd surv ival of c omm u niti es  o f inter est, libertyis  requiredfo r c itizen s to exper ience their associatesa pprecia tin g the ir e ndeavors,  an d it i s t h erefor e requ iredfo r c i t izens b el iev in g in the w o r thof th ei r en deavors . Liberty sustains cit izens' selfre spe ct,t h en , b y  s e cur in g  on e of the personal  circumsta nc e sthat uphol d s s el f-respe ct. Bec auset he matt ering not ion of se lf -res p e ctis support ed by Ra wls's cla i m tha t  s elf-r esp ect de pe nds  upon  the a p pre ciati on ofot hers,the m at tering n otion is supported by R awls's  clai m t hat self- res p ect  dependsupon  a more ex pan siv e lib ert y  sinc e th e  r ole of li bert y  is to af f or d c i t iz ens the opp o r t uni ty to  fe e l that  the ir activities are appreciated by  oth e r s.(No t iceth at the good-fo r-o ne s e lf viewof  self-respe ct is al so suppo rted b y Rawl s's cla i m  t h at lib erty  se cures cit ize ns '  self-r es pe c t by c reat in g oneof the pers o n al circumstances  upho l d ing s e lf- respe ct . Thisf ollo ws from th e fact that  Rawls 's a ccoun t of th eperson alci rcumstance s  is compa tible  with b ot h th e g ood-fo r-on e s elf a nd t he  ma ttering i n t er p re ta t ion s of  self -r espe ct.) self - respect,  pr i mary go od s,a n d soci a lh i erarchy Ihav e arg u e d that Raw l s'st he o ry of  justi ce emp loys au niv oc al noti ono f  self-res pect as t h e b el iefthat the  a ctiv it ies  t hat make up one 's contr ibutiont o  a sch eme 
 economic_conditions of_a society improve, so_that everyone_enjoys_a comfortable_standard_of living, citizens'_interests in pursuing_their life plans as_they see fit_increases._They are no longer preoccupied with subsistence and so can focus on, e.g. their_spiritual_needs. Human_beings,_as_such, develop and pursue their_plans, Rawls says, within "communities_of interest."_They undertake their endeavors, that is, by means_of_attachments to others_who OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 2/11/2012, SPi 256_Cynthia A. Stark share their interests_and ideals. The_associations_that_are necessary for people_to pursue their life plans flourish_only when citizens are afforded extensive_liberties (1971: 542–43).14 Liberty, in short, gives_rise to pluralism. One of the_reasons pluralism is required for_citizens to_undertake their projects is because_it is within_various associations_that citizens come_to attach value to their activities-to_regard their activities_as worth doing. One can pursue_one's_ends adequately only_when_one_values the_activities that make_up_one's contribution_to_a cooperative scheme, and the primary_way_one comes to value those activities is_by being surrounded by_similar_others who confirm their_value. Because liberty is required_for the emergence and survival of_communities of_interest, liberty_is required for citizens to experience their associates appreciating their endeavors,_and it is therefore required for_citizens believing in the_worth of_their_endeavors. Liberty sustains_citizens'_selfrespect, then,_by securing one of the personal circumstances_that upholds_self-respect. Because the mattering notion of_self-respect is supported by_Rawls's_claim that self-respect depends upon the_appreciation of others, the mattering notion_is supported by Rawls's claim_that_self-respect_depends upon a more expansive_liberty since the role of liberty_is to afford_citizens the opportunity to feel that their_activities_are appreciated by others. (Notice that_the_good-for-oneself view of self-respect is also_supported_by_Rawls's claim that liberty secures_citizens' self-respect by creating one of_the personal circumstances upholding self-respect. This follows from the_fact that Rawls's_account of the personal circumstances_is_compatible_with both the good-for-oneself and the mattering interpretations of self-respect.)_self-respect, primary_goods, and social_hierarchy I have argued that Rawls's theory of justice employs_a univocal notion of self-respect as the_belief that the activities that make up one's contribution to a_scheme