 function except for cases which the law or a decree of the Supreme Pontiff reserves to the supreme authority or to another ecclesiastical authority";" and (2) "[i]t is for the diocesan bishop to govern the particular church entrusted to him with legislative, executive, and judicial power according to the norm of law."12 It seems to follow, then, that Bishop D'Arcy is correct to hold that the proper interpretation of the meaning of the words in the bishops' statement, insofar as the statement pertains to persons and activities falling under his jurisdiction as bishop of the diocese of Fort Wayne-South Bend, is to be determined by Bishop D'Arcy himself; provided, of course, that Bishop D'Arcy's interpretation is not contradicted or overturned by some applicable higher authority, such as the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops or the Vatican itself. Therefore, if Bishop D'Arcy declares that the bishops' statement is to be interpreted as applying to the prospect of a Catholic institution's giving awards, honors, or platforms to non-Catholics as well as Catholics, then that declaration, unless contradicted or overturned by a higher Church authority, is the correct one for the diocese of Fort Wayne-South Bend. It remains true, as Fr. Jenkins points out, that the term "defiance" in its ordinary usage implies that only American Catholics can act defiantly with respect to the American Catholic bishops. But the fundamental question here is not the question of what the word "defiance" means in its ordinary usage. The fundamental question at issue is rather the question of what the word "defiance" means in the bishops' statement, as that statement is to be interpreted and applied within the diocese of Fort Wayne-South Bend. As the Code of Canon Law suggests, the meaning of a word within Church documents, such as the bishops' statement, is to be "o Bishop D'Arcy: Obama Invite Caused 'Terrible Breach' Between Notre Dame and the Church, CATHOLIC NEWS AGENCY (Apr. 23, 2009), http://www. catholienewsagency.cominews/bishopdarcy obama invite causedterriblebreach b etween notre dame and the-church/. n1 CODEX IURIS CANONICI c.381, § 1 (Canon Law Society of America trans., 1983) (1983). 12 See id. c.391, § 1. 258 CATHOL
function except for cases which the law or a decree of the Supreme Pontiff reserves to the supreme authority or to another ecclesiastical assurance "; " and (2) " [ i]t is for the diocesan bishop to regulate the particular church entrust to him with legislative, administrator, and judicial power according to the average of police. "12 It seems to keep up, then, that Bishop D'Arcy is correct to hold that the proper rendition of the meaning of the words in the bishops' statement, insofar as the statement refer to persons and activities falling under his jurisdiction as bishop of the diocese of Fort Wayne - South Bend, is to be determined by Bishop D'Arcy himself; supply, of course, that Bishop D'Arcy's interpretation is not contradicted or overthrow by some applicable higher authority, such as the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops or the Vatican itself. Therefore, if Bishop D'Arcy declares that the bishop' statement is to be interpreted as applying to the prospect of a Catholic institution's give awards, honors, or platforms to non - Catholics as well as Catholics, then that declaration, unless oppose or overturned by a higher Church authority, is the correct one for the diocese of Fort Wayne - South Bend. It remains true, as Fr. Jenkins points out, that the term " defiance " in its ordinary usage imply that only American Catholics can act rebelliously with obedience to the American Catholic bishop. But the fundamental question here is not the question of what the word " defiance " means in its ordinary usage. The cardinal question at issue is rather the question of what the word " defiance " means in the bishops' statement, as that statement is to be interpreted and applied within the diocese of Fort Wayne - South Bend. As the Code of Canon Law suggests, the meaning of a discussion within Church document, such as the bishops' statement, is to be " o Bishop D'Arcy: Obama Invite Caused' Terrible Breach' Between Notre Dame and the Church, CATHOLIC NEWS AGENCY (Apr. 23, 2009), http://www. catholienewsagency.cominews/bishopdarcy obama invite causedterriblebreach b etween notre dame and the - church/. n1 CODEX IURIS CANONICI c.381, § 1 (Canon Law Society of America trans. , 1983) (1983). 12 See i d. c.391, § 1. 258 CATHOL
 fujction except for cases dhich the law ot q decrxe of tge Supreoe Pontiff reserves to the snprene auukority or to another ecclesiadtical aythocity";" and (2) "[i]t is hkr the dioceszk bisko' to govern the particulas church entruvtdd to him with legislative, executive, wnd judoclal power accotding eo tgv korm of law."12 It seems to follow, tgen, thau Bishop D'Arcy is vorrect to hold that the pgopeg interpretation ov the meanibg os the words iv the bishops' statemenj, insofar as the statement pertakns tp persons qne afjivities faloing lnder his jurlxdictimn as boshop of the dlocesx of Fort Wayne-South Bend, is to be determingd by Bishmp D'Arcy himself; privuded, mf cmursd, thxt Gixhkp D'Arfy's interpretztion is nor contradicted or ofewnirned by soms applycwble higher authority, such as the Uniteg Sfates Conference of Catyolic Bishops or the Gatican ieself. Therefore, if Bishop D'Arcy declares that the bishkos' wtwgwmfnt is to be interpreted as applying to the pwkskecn of a Catholic ikstitution's giving aaatqs, honors, or klatforms fo non-Catholics as well af Catyolics, thtn thst declaration, unless contrqdicted or onertyrned by a higher Ehurch authoxity, ix the correct one for the diucess of Fort Wwyne-South Cend. It remains gruv, as Fr. Jenkins points out, thae the tern "deyiance" iv itx ordigary usage impllas that only Amerifan Cctholhcs can ach defiantly with respect to the American Cathplhc tishops. Yut thc fundamental qtestion here ix not tke quertion of wgat the word "defiagce" means in hjs ordinary uvage. The funeamebtal qudrtion at issue is ratheg uhe questiin of what the worv "dewjance" means in cke bishops' statemrnt, as tjav staeament is to te ivteflretea and ak'licd dithon the diocese of Fost Wzyne-South Bend. As yhc Code of Canon Lww suggests, tne meaning of a wogd wivhin Ciurch cocoments, such as the bishops' statsment, is ho ne "o Bishop D'Wrcy: Obama Invitz Caused 'Terrible Breach' Between Notre Deme and the Church, CATHILIC NEWS AGENCY (Apt. 23, 2009), http://www. cavholiegewsagencf.cominews/bishopdarcy obama invite cauxedterriblebreach b efween totre dame and the-church/. n1 CODEX IURIS CANONICI c.381, § 1 (Canon Law Society of Amerixa trais., 1983) (1983). 12 See id. d.391, § 1. 258 CATHML
function except for cases which the law decree the Supreme reserves to the ecclesiastical and (2) "[i]t for the diocesan to govern the particular church entrusted him with legislative, executive, and judicial power according to the norm of law."12 seems to follow, then, that Bishop D'Arcy is correct to hold that the interpretation the of words in the bishops' statement, insofar as the statement pertains to persons and activities falling under jurisdiction as bishop of the diocese of Fort Bend, is to be by Bishop D'Arcy himself; provided, course, Bishop D'Arcy's is contradicted overturned by some higher authority, such as the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops or the Vatican itself. Therefore, if D'Arcy declares bishops' statement to interpreted applying to the a Catholic institution's giving awards, honors, non-Catholics as well as Catholics, then that declaration, contradicted or by a higher Church authority, is correct one for the diocese of Fort Wayne-South It remains true, as Fr. Jenkins points out, that the term "defiance" in its ordinary that only American Catholics act defiantly with to American bishops. the fundamental here is not the question of what the word "defiance" means its ordinary usage. The fundamental question at issue is rather of the word "defiance" in the bishops' statement, that is to be interpreted within diocese Bend. the of Canon Law suggests, meaning of a word within documents, such as the "o Bishop D'Arcy: Obama Invite Caused 'Terrible Breach' Notre Dame and the Church, CATHOLIC NEWS (Apr. 23, 2009), http://www. catholienewsagency.cominews/bishopdarcy obama invite causedterriblebreach b etween notre dame the-church/. n1 CANONICI c.381, § 1 (Canon Law Society of trans., 1983) (1983). 12 id. c.391, § 1. 258 CATHOL
 function except for cases whiCh the law or A decrEe oF thE SUpreMe PoNtiff reserves tO The sUpreme authority or to anoTher eCcLEsiaSTiCal auThority";" ANd (2) "[I]T Is fOr ThE diOcESaN bishOp tO govern The particuLar ChUrch entrusteD To Him with legIslAtive, executiVe, aNd judiCiAl pOWer acCorDing tO the noRM of law."12 it seems to FoLLow, theN, That BisHOP D'arcy Is correct to hold thAT tHE proper interprEtatioN oF ThE MEanIng Of the words In The biSHops' staTEmENT, InsOFar as the stateMent pertainS To pErsons AnD acTIvitieS fallInG UndEr his jurisdIctiOn as bishoP of the DIocese oF fort WayNe-SoutH BeNd, iS to bE DeTeRmiNeD By BIShOp D'aRcy Himself; pRoViDed, of CourSE, THAt BiShoP D'ArCy's inTerpretation iS noT conTRadIcted Or oveRturNeD by soMe applIcablE hIgher authority, sUch aS the UniteD StAtEs COnFerenCE of CatHolIc BIshops oR the VatICan ItSELF. THerefore, if Bishop D'ARcY DEcLares thaT the biSHoPs' STatement Is To bE intERPreteD as aPPlYing to thE prospECt Of A CatholIc InstitUtIon'S giVing aWArds, Honors, Or platfoRms to NOn-Catholics as wELl as Catholics, THeN THaT DeclAraTion, unless cOntrADictEd or OVeRtuRNed by A highEr cHuRCh authority, is the corReCt one fOr the Diocese of Fort wayne-South bEND. It remaiNs trUE, aS fr. Jenkins pointS out, tHat the term "DEfiance" iN its oRdinary uSage impliES That only ameRicAn CAthOLIcS can act defianTLY witH rEspect tO thE AmericAn CAthOliC biShOps. But the FundamenTaL qUeStIon Here iS Not the quEsTioN oF whAt the WOrd "defIance" MeanS iN iTS orDinary uSAgE. tHe fuNdAmEntaL quEsTion aT issUE is Rather tHe questioN of WHat tHe WoRd "defiaNce" means in the BiShops' stateMeNt, aS that sTATement is To be interpreted and appliED within The DioceSe of fort Wayne-souTh Bend. as tHE Code oF Canon law suGgEstS, THe meaNINg Of a WoRd within ChURCh dOcumeNtS, sucH as the bIshops' statement, is tO Be "o bishop D'Arcy: ObAma inviTE caUseD 'teRRibLe bReaCH' between Notre DamE and the ChuRcH, cAtHOLIC NEWS agENcY (apr. 23, 2009), http://Www. cathOlienEWsagencY.cominews/BishopdarCy ObamA INviTe causedteRriblebrEach b etweEN notrE DaMe and The-Church/. N1 CoDEx IURIs CANONicI c.381, § 1 (canon law SocIeTy of AmErica TrAns., 1983) (1983). 12 See id. C.391, § 1. 258 CATHOL
 function except for cases  which the  lawora d ec reeof t he Supreme Pon t iffreserves to the suprem e aut ho r ityo rto an other e c cl e s ias ti ca l a ut h or ity"; " a nd (2)"[i]t is f orth e diocesan b i sh op to gove rnthe particul archurch  e ntr u stedtohim w ith le g islati ve, execu ti v e, and judicia l po weraccording to then or m  of law."12 It  seems  t o  f o l low , t hen, thatBi shopD 'Arcy i s  c o r r ect to hold thatthe properi nte rpreta ti ono f themeani ng ofthe words i n th e bishops ' stat e ment, i n sofar a s thesta tem entp er ta ins  t o  pe r so nsa ndactiviti es  f allin g un d e r hisjur isdi ction  as bishop of  th e di o ces e ofFortWayn e- South  Bend,  is t obe determined b y Bi shop D'Ar cyhi mse lf ; pro v ided,ofcou rse, th at Bish o p D 'A r c y 's  interpretation is  n o t  c ontradic ted or ov er t urned by  s ome  app l i cable  hig h er  authori ty, su c has  the Un it ed Sta te s C onf erenc e  ofCathol ic Bisho ps or the Vatican it s elf. Therefor e ,i f  B i shop  D' Arcy declar es t h at t he b i sh ops '  stat ement  i s  t o  be interpreted asap plying  to t he prospect o f a Cathol i c institut ion' s  g i ving awards, h onors , or platf o rms to n on-Ca tholicsas well a s Catholic s,the n t hat d ec laration, unl e s s co nt radicte d o r overt urn edbya h ig her Churc h author it y,  i sthe  corr e ct one f or  th edio ceseo f Fort  Wayn e-So ut hB end . It re m ai n s  tru e,  a s Fr . J en kinspoin t s o ut, tha t the ter m " d efia nc e"  in its  ordinary usa ge  implies t ha t o nly Am e r ican Cat holics can act defiantl y  with r esp ect t o th e America n C atholi c b i shops.  But t he fu nd ame n t al qu e s ti onhe re is nott h e q uesti on  ofwhat th e word "defiance"m ean s in its ordi nar y us a g e.  Th e  f u nda me n tal q uestion at issu e is rathe rt he  questiono f w ha t the w ord "de fianc e " means  in the b ishops' s ta teme n t , a s that sta tement i s to be i n terpr e te d and  ap pliedwi thi n the  dioce s e o f For t Wayn e- SouthBend.  A s the Co de of Canon Law suggest s, the  mean ing  of a wor d w i thi n Churchdocu ments, suc h a s t he bi sho p s' st atem e nt , i s  to b e "o Bishop D' A rc y:O b am a Invite Ca u s e d ' Terri ble Breach ' Be tween Notre Damea nd the Church,  CAT H O LIC  NE W S AG EN CY (Apr. 23, 2 009 ), h ttp://ww w.  catholiene wsagency .c o minew s/bish opdarc y obama i nv i te cau sedt err iblebreac h b  e t ween no tr ed ame an d th e- church /. n1C ODEX I URIS CANONICI c. 381,§ 1 (Ca n onLaw S oc iety of Amer ica trans. , 1983) (19 83). 1 2 Se e id.  c.391,  §  1. 25 8 C AT HOL
 function_except for_cases which the law_or a_decree_of the_Supreme_Pontiff reserves to_the supreme authority_or to another ecclesiastical_authority";" and (2)_"[i]t_is for the diocesan bishop to govern the particular church entrusted to him with_legislative,_executive, and_judicial_power_according to the norm of_law."12 It seems to follow,_then, that_Bishop D'Arcy is correct to hold that the_proper_interpretation of the_meaning of the words in the bishops' statement, insofar_as the statement pertains to persons_and activities falling_under_his_jurisdiction as bishop of_the diocese of Fort Wayne-South Bend,_is to be determined by Bishop_D'Arcy himself; provided, of course, that Bishop_D'Arcy's interpretation is not contradicted or_overturned by some applicable higher_authority, such_as the United States Conference_of Catholic Bishops_or the_Vatican itself. Therefore,_if Bishop D'Arcy declares that the_bishops' statement is_to be interpreted as applying to_the_prospect of a_Catholic_institution's_giving awards,_honors, or platforms_to_non-Catholics as_well_as Catholics, then that declaration, unless_contradicted_or overturned by a higher Church authority,_is the correct one_for_the diocese of Fort_Wayne-South Bend. It remains true,_as Fr. Jenkins points out, that_the term_"defiance" in_its ordinary usage implies that only American Catholics can act defiantly_with respect to the American Catholic_bishops. But the fundamental_question here_is_not the question_of_what the_word "defiance" means in its ordinary usage._The fundamental_question at issue is rather the_question of what the_word_"defiance" means in the bishops' statement,_as that statement is to be_interpreted and applied within the_diocese_of_Fort Wayne-South Bend. As the_Code of Canon Law suggests, the_meaning of a_word within Church documents, such as the_bishops'_statement, is to be "o Bishop_D'Arcy:_Obama Invite Caused 'Terrible Breach' Between_Notre_Dame_and the Church, CATHOLIC NEWS_AGENCY (Apr. 23, 2009), http://www. catholienewsagency.cominews/bishopdarcy_obama invite causedterriblebreach b etween notre dame and the-church/._n1 CODEX IURIS_CANONICI c.381, § 1 (Canon_Law_Society_of America trans., 1983) (1983). 12 See id. c.391, §_1. 258_CATHOL