 achieved power, their agenda necessitated some sort of justification for massive changes to German law and culture. I disagree with Nicholas O'Shaughnessy, who views the Nazis' antiSemitic propaganda as having been targeted at only a segment of the public: "It was an audience which constituted a particular market, namely those citizens of the Third Reich who had a particular appetite for incendiary antiSemitic imagery." 21 This is historically false, as I believe a number of facts show. First, Adolf Hitler never hid his anti-Semitism; it was manifest from the beginning. His 1925 book Mein Kampf 22 presented his worldview and was widely available to the German public. After 1933 it was commonly given to German couples as a wedding gift. It bristles with anti-Semitic statements, such as "There were few Jews in Linz. In the course of the centuries their outward appearance had become Europeanized and had taken on a human look; in fact, I even took them for Germans." 23 Even prior to taking control of the government, the Nazi Party made its antipathy toward Jews unmistakably clear by forbidding Jews from attending Nazi rallies from the outset. Furthermore, the Party's organized mob staged constant attacks on Jews, vandalizing synagogues and organizing local boycotts against Jewish businesses. Second, consider the timeline of the regime after it took power. 24 Anti-Semitism was central to the regime-not just in theory, but in practice. This must have been obvious to the average German citizen. In January 1933, documentary Nazi Concentration Camps (1945). It is a concise yet comprehensive account made specifically to acquaint Americans with what actually occurred, since previous reports had been met with skepticism. 21 Nicholas O'Shaughnessy, "Selling Hitler: Propaganda and the Nazi Brand," Journal of Public Affairs 9 (2009), pp. 55-76. 22 Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf, trans. Ralph Manheim (New York: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1999). 23 Ibid., p. 52. Hitler expresses his anti-Semitism in numerous other places throughout the book; see, e.g., pp. 50-65, 119-21, 300-316, 319-20, 622-24, and 637-40. 24 For a full timeline of the Holocaust, see "Holocaust Timeline," accessed online at: http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/holocaust/tim
achieved power, their agenda necessitated some sort of justification for massive change to German jurisprudence and culture. I disagree with Nicholas O'Shaughnessy, who views the Nazis' antiSemitic propaganda as having been target at only a segment of the public: " It was an hearing which constituted a particular grocery store, namely those citizens of the Third Reich who had a finical appetite for incendiary antiSemitic imagery. " 21 This is historically fake, as I think a number of facts picture. First, Adolf Hitler never hid his anti - Semitism; it was apparent from the beginning. His 1925 book Mein Kampf 22 presented his worldview and was widely available to the German populace. After 1933 it was commonly given to German couples as a wedding gift. It abound with anti - Semitic statements, such as " There were few Jews in Linz. In the course of the centuries their outbound appearance had become Europeanized and had taken on a human look; in fact, I even took them for Germans. " 23 Even prior to taking control of the government, the Nazi Party lay down its antipathy toward Jews unmistakably clear by forbidding Jews from attending Nazi rallies from the outset. Furthermore, the Party's organized mob staged constant attacks on Jews, vandalize synagogue and organizing local boycotts against Jewish businesses. Second, think the timeline of the regime after it took power. 24 Anti - Semitism was cardinal to the regime - not barely in theory, but in practice. This must have been obvious to the modal German citizen. In January 1933, documentary Nazi Concentration Camps (1945). It is a concise yet comprehensive account made specifically to acquaint Americans with what actually occurred, since previous reports had been converge with skepticism. 21 Nicholas O'Shaughnessy, " Selling Hitler: Propaganda and the Nazi Brand, " Journal of Public Affairs 9 (2009), pp. 55 - 76. 22 Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf, trans. Ralph Manheim (New York: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1999). 23 Ibid. , p. 52. Hitler expresses his anti - Semitism in numerous other places throughout the book; interpret, e.g., pp. 50 - 65, 119 - 21, 300 - 316, 319 - 20, 622 - 24, and 637 - 40. 24 For a full timeline of the Holocaust, see " Holocaust Timeline, " accessed online at: http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/holocaust/tim
 acjieved power, their agendx necessitated some soct of jhstificagion for massive changes to Jermqn laq and culture. I disagrde with Npcholas O'Whaujhnessy, who views the Nadns' anflSemicir propaganda as having bean targeted at ovlv a segment of the public: "It was an wudiencr ahich constitujed a [artjbuoar market, namely those citizsns of uhe Third Reich whp had a particular appetitf fog incendiary antiSfmitic imaggdy." 21 Rhis is histurically false, as I bemieve a number of facts show. Fifst, Abolf Hitler nwveg hid his anvi-Seminism; it was manifest xrom thr beginning. Hix 1925 uook Mein Kampf 22 presentev his worldview and ras widelf cvailable to the Germqn publhc. Axter 1933 it waa romjonly hivxn to Germah couples aw a wedding gift. It bwpxtles with ahti-Semytyc statements, such as "There were few Jefs jn Linz. In the course od the centuries their outward wppearance had become Europeanized and had taken mn a iuoan ljuj; ln fact, I even took them for Germans." 23 Even prykr tp taking contrjl of the gpvfrmient, the Nazi Party mase its antipathy tlward Jgws unnistakablr clrar by forbidding Jews from attending Nczi rallies from the lutset. Furtkermorg, the Larty's organized mob stcged cknstant attwcks on Jsds, vandalizing shnanogges and organizing local bjycotts ajainsc Jewish busonessef. Second, clnsidcs the timeline of hhe rggime dfter it tlok power. 24 Anti-Semitism was cenvcal to the rebike-nmt just nn thepry, but in prwctice. This muxt have been obvious tk the aterage Germag citizen. In Bwnuary 1933, docukentary Gazi Conxentratkun Camps (1945). It ix a concise yet comprehensive account maas specifically cu acquaint Amerivanr wytj xhat wwtually occusred, sivve prdvious repovts had been met with skepthcisj. 21 Nicholas O'Shaugnncssy, "Sellung Hitlqr: Propaganda and the Nazi Branf," Joucnal oh Publoc Wffairs 9 (2009), pp. 55-76. 22 Adolf Hitler, Mejn Kampf, hraks. Ralph Manhqim (Kew Iork: Houghtpn Mifflin Co., 1999). 23 Ibid., p. 52. Hitler expressew his anti-Semitism in numerous other klages throughont the book; see, e.g., pp. 50-65, 119-21, 300-316, 319-20, 622-24, and 637-40. 24 Foe a full timeline of the Holocaust, see "Holocdust Himeline," accessed online at: http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/holocaust/tim
achieved power, their agenda necessitated some sort for changes to law and culture. who the Nazis' antiSemitic as having been at only a segment of the "It was an audience which constituted a particular market, namely those citizens of Third Reich who had a particular appetite for incendiary antiSemitic imagery." 21 This historically as believe number of facts show. First, Adolf Hitler never hid his anti-Semitism; it was manifest from the His 1925 book Mein Kampf 22 presented his and was widely available the German public. After 1933 was given to couples a gift. It bristles anti-Semitic statements, such as "There were few Jews in Linz. In the course of the centuries their appearance had and had on human in fact, I them for Germans." 23 Even prior of the government, the Nazi Party made its toward Jews clear by forbidding Jews from attending rallies from the outset. Furthermore, the Party's organized staged constant attacks on Jews, vandalizing synagogues and organizing local boycotts against Jewish businesses. Second, timeline of the regime it took power. Anti-Semitism central the just in but in practice. This must have been obvious to the average citizen. In January 1933, documentary Nazi Concentration Camps (1945). It concise comprehensive account made to acquaint Americans with actually since previous reports had with 21 Hitler: and Nazi Brand," Journal of Affairs 9 (2009), pp. 55-76. Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf, Houghton Mifflin Co., 1999). 23 Ibid., p. 52. expresses his anti-Semitism in numerous other places the book; see, e.g., pp. 50-65, 119-21, 300-316, 319-20, 622-24, and 637-40. For a of the Holocaust, see "Holocaust Timeline," accessed online http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/holocaust/tim
 achieved power, their agenda nEcessitateD some SorT of JuStifIcatIon for massive cHAngeS to German law and culture. i disaGrEE witH niCholaS O'ShaugHNeSSY, whO vIeWs tHe nAzIs' antISeMitic prOpaganda as HavInG been targeteD At Only a segmeNt oF the public: "It Was An audiEnCe wHIch coNstItuteD a partICular mArket, nameLy THose ciTIzens of THE THird reich who had a partiCUlAR appetite for inCendiaRy ANtIsEmiTic Imagery." 21 ThiS iS histORically FAlSE, AS I bELieve a number oF facts show. FIRst, adolf HItLer NEver hiD his aNtI-semItism; it was mAnifEst from thE beginNIng. His 1925 bOOk Mein KAmpf 22 prEseNteD his WOrLdVieW aND waS WiDelY AvaIlable to ThE GErman PublIC. aFTer 1933 iT waS comMonly Given to German CouPles AS a wEddinG gift. it brIsTles wIth antI-SemiTiC statements, such As "ThEre were feW JeWs In LInZ. In thE Course Of tHe cEnturieS their oUTwaRd APPEaRance had become EuroPeANIzEd and had Taken oN A hUmAN look; in fAcT, I eVen tOOK them For GERmAns." 23 Even pRior to TAkInG controL oF the goVeRnmEnt, The NaZI ParTy made Its antipAthy tOWard Jews unmistAKably clear by fORbIDDiNG JewS frOm attending nazi RAlliEs frOM tHe oUTset. FUrtheRmORe, THe Party's organized moB sTaged cOnstaNt attacks on JeWs, vandalizING SynagoguEs anD OrGAnizing local boYcottS against JeWIsh businEsses. second, coNsider the TIMeline of The RegIme AftER It Took power. 24 Anti-sEMitiSm Was centRal To the reGimE-noT juSt iN tHeory, but iN practicE. THiS mUsT haVe beeN Obvious tO tHe aVeRagE GermAN citizEn. In JAnuaRy 1933, DoCUmeNtary NaZI CONCentRaTiOn CaMps (1945). it Is a coNcisE Yet ComprehEnsive accOunT Made SpEcIficallY to acquaint AmErIcans with wHaT acTually OCCurred, siNce previous reports had beEN met witH skEpticIsm. 21 NIcholas O'SHauGhnessY, "SeLLing HiTler: PrOpagaNdA anD THe NazI bRaNd," JOuRnal of PublIC affAirs 9 (2009), pP. 55-76. 22 ADolf hitler, MEin Kampf, trans. Ralph mAnhEim (New York: HouGhtOn MiFFLiN Co., 1999). 23 iBiD., P. 52. HiTlER exPREsses his anti-SemItism in numErOUs Other placeS ThrOuGhout thE book; seE, e.g., pp. 50-65, 119-21, 300-316, 319-20, 622-24, ANd 637-40. 24 For a fUll timeliNe of the HoLoCausT, SEe "HOlocaust TiMeline," acCessed onlINe at: hTTp://Www.hiStoRyplacE.cOm/wOrldwAr2/holoCAusT/tim
 achieved power, their age nda necess itate d s ome  s ortof j ustification f o r ma ssive changes to Germa n law  a n d cu l tu re. I  disagr e ew i thNi ch ola sO 'S haugh nes sy, who  views the  Na zi s' antiSemit i cpropaganda  as  having been  ta rgeted  a t o n ly aseg mentof the public : "It was  a n  audie n ce whic h co nsti tuted a particula r  m a rket, namely t hose c it i ze n s  of  th e Third Re ic h who had a p a rt i c u lar appetite forincendiarya nti Semiti cima g ery."21 Th is ishistoricall y fa lse, as I  belie v e a num b er of f acts s how . F irst ,  A do lfHi t ler ne ver hid  his ant i- Se mitis m; i t w a s ma nif estfromthe beginning . H is 1 9 25bookMeinKamp f22 pr esente d his  w orldview and wa s wi dely avai lab le  to  t he Ge r man pu bli c.After 1 933 itw asco m m o nl y given to Germanco u p le s as a w edding gi ft .  It bris tl eswith a nti-S emit i cstatemen ts, su c has  "There  w ere fe wJew s i n Lin z . In  the c ourse of  thec enturies their outward appea r an c e  h a d be com e Europeani zeda nd h ad t a ke n o n  a hu man l oo k ;i n fact, I even took  t hem fo r Ger mans." 23 Eve n prior to t a king con trol of the government , the  Nazi Part y  made it s ant ipathy t oward Jew s unmistak abl y c lea r b y fo rbidding Jews f romat tending  Na zi rall ies  fr omthe  o utset. Fu rthermor e,  t he  P art y's o r ganizedmo b s ta ged  cons t ant at tacks  onJe ws ,  va ndalizi n gs y nago gu es  and  or ga nizin g lo c alboycott s against  Je w ishbu si nesses.  Second, cons id er the tim el ine  of th e regime a fter it took power. 24A nti-Sem iti sm wa s ce ntral tothe  regim e-n o t just  in th eory,  b uti n  prac t i ce . T hi s must hav e bee n obv io us t o the a verage German citi z en.  In January 1 933 , do c u me nta r yN azi  C o nce n t ration Camps (1 945). It i sa  c oncise yet com pr ehensiv e accou nt ma d e speci fically t o acquain tAmer i c ans  with what  actuall y occurre d , sin c eprevi ous  repor ts  ha d bee n metw ith  skep ticism .21 Nic holas  O 'Shaughn essy, "Selling Hitler:Propag andaand  the Nazi  Br a nd, " Journal  ofPublic Aff air s 9  (200 9), pp. 5 5-76 .  2 2 A d olf H itle r , Mein Ka m pf , t r a ns . Ralph Man h e i m ( New Y ork :  Hough tonMifflin Co., 1999 ) . 23 Ibid., p.  52. H itl ere xpre ss es his anti-Se mit is m in numer ou s other pla ces thro ug h out t he boo k; see , e.g., p p. 50-65,  119 -21 , 300-316 , 3 19 - 20, 622 -2 4, and 63 7-40 .24 For  a ful l  tim e l ine of the Holoc aust, s ee "H o loc austTi meline, "  acc essed onli ne at: http ://www .his toryp lace.co m/ worldw ar2 /h olocaust/t i m
 achieved_power, their_agenda necessitated some sort_of justification_for_massive changes_to_German law and_culture. I disagree_with Nicholas O'Shaughnessy, who_views the Nazis'_antiSemitic_propaganda as having been targeted at only a segment of the public: "It was_an_audience which_constituted_a_particular market, namely those citizens_of the Third Reich who_had a_particular appetite for incendiary antiSemitic imagery." 21 This_is_historically false, as_I believe a number of facts show. First, Adolf_Hitler never hid his anti-Semitism; it_was manifest from_the_beginning._His 1925 book Mein_Kampf 22 presented his worldview and_was widely available to the German_public. After 1933 it was commonly given_to German couples as a wedding_gift. It bristles with anti-Semitic_statements, such_as "There were few Jews_in Linz. In_the course_of the centuries_their outward appearance had become Europeanized_and had taken_on a human look; in fact,_I_even took them_for_Germans."_23 Even_prior to taking_control_of the_government,_the Nazi Party made its antipathy_toward_Jews unmistakably clear by forbidding Jews from_attending Nazi rallies from_the_outset. Furthermore, the Party's_organized mob staged constant attacks_on Jews, vandalizing synagogues and organizing_local boycotts_against Jewish_businesses. Second, consider the timeline of the regime after it took_power. 24 Anti-Semitism was central to_the regime-not just in_theory, but_in_practice. This must_have_been obvious_to the average German citizen. In January_1933, documentary_Nazi Concentration Camps (1945). It is_a concise yet comprehensive_account_made specifically to acquaint Americans with_what actually occurred, since previous reports_had been met with skepticism._21_Nicholas_O'Shaughnessy, "Selling Hitler: Propaganda and_the Nazi Brand," Journal of Public_Affairs 9 (2009),_pp. 55-76. 22 Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf,_trans._Ralph Manheim (New York: Houghton Mifflin_Co.,_1999). 23 Ibid., p. 52. Hitler_expresses_his_anti-Semitism in numerous other places_throughout the book; see, e.g., pp._50-65, 119-21, 300-316, 319-20, 622-24, and 637-40. 24 For_a full timeline_of the Holocaust, see "Holocaust_Timeline,"_accessed_online at: http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/holocaust/tim