ICS IN POLITICAL LIFE settled by the local bishop when doubts arise about the word's meaning; 3 for it is the local bishop who holds legislative, executive, and judicial power within his own diocese. 14 Thus, if the bishop of the diocese of Fort Wayne-South Bend declares that the word "defiance," as contained in the bishops' statement, pertains to both Catholics and non-Catholics, then that declaration is the correct one and ought to be followed by anyone seeking to understand the bishops' statement as it applies within the diocese of Fort Wayne-South Bend. The point here is thataccording to the Code of Canon Law and other relevant provisions-Bishop D'Arcy's own judgment about the matter at hand, unless contradicted or overturned by some relevant higher authority, is itself the rule or measure for determining what is true and correct about the matter at hand. It is for this reason that Bishop D'Arcy's judgment about the matter at hand cannot be wrong, unless contradicted or overturned by some relevant higher authority. 5 Significantly, Bishop D'Arcy's interpretation is the correct interpretation, but not because it corresponds to some true and correct glossary of word meanings as inscribed in the usage of ordinary American English speakers; rather, Bishop D'Arcy's interpretation is the correct interpretation because what is at issue is the interpretation of the meanings of words within a statement issued by the American Catholic bishops, and the relevant governing document, the Code of Canon Law, declares that the local bishop has the authority to determine the meanings of words in Church documents, when doubts arise 13 See supra notes 10-12 and accompanying text. 14 See CODEX IURIS CANONICI, supra note 11. 15 St. Thomas Aquinas makes a similar point when he observes that "a craftsman could not err in cutting wood if his own hand were the rule for cutting." See THOMAS AQUINAS, ON EVIL, Q.1, art. 3, reply to objection 9 (John A. Oesterle & Jean T. Oesterle trans., University of Notre Dame Press 1995). Ludwig Wittgenstein makes the same point, though a bit differently, when he notes that "[tihere is one thing of which one can say neither that it is one metre long, nor that it is not one metre long, and that is the standard metre in Paris." LUDWIG WITTGENSTEIN, PHILOSOPHICAL INVE
ICS IN POLITICAL LIFE settled by the local bishop when doubts arise about the word's meaning; 3 for it is the local bishop who reserve legislative, administrator, and judicial power within his own diocese. 14 therefore, if the bishop of the diocese of Fort Wayne - South Bend declares that the son " defiance, " as contained in the bishop' statement, pertains to both Catholics and non - Catholics, then that contract is the correct one and ought to be followed by anyone seek to understand the bishops' affirmation as it practice within the diocese of Fort Wayne - South Bend. The point here is thataccording to the Code of Canon Law and other relevant provisions - Bishop D'Arcy's own judgment about the matter at hired hand, unless contradicted or overturned by some relevant higher agency, is itself the rule or measure for determining what is true and right about the matter at handwriting. It is for this reason that Bishop D'Arcy's judgment about the matter at handwriting cannot be wrong, unless contradicted or overturned by some relevant higher authority. 5 importantly, Bishop D'Arcy's rendition is the right interpretation, but not because it corresponds to some true and correct glossary of word meanings as inscribed in the use of average American English speaker; rather, Bishop D'Arcy's rendition is the right interpretation because what is at issue is the interpretation of the meanings of word within a statement issued by the American Catholic bishops, and the relevant governing text file, the Code of Canon Law, declares that the local bishop has the authority to determine the meanings of words in Church documents, when doubts arise 13 See supra notes 10 - 12 and accompanying text. 14 See CODEX IURIS CANONICI, supra bill 11. 15 St. Thomas Aquinas makes a alike point when he observes that " a craftsman could not err in cutting wood if his own bridge player were the rule for cutting. " See THOMAS AQUINAS, ON EVIL, Q.1, artwork. 3, reply to protest 9 (John A. Oesterle & Jean T. Oesterle trans. , University of Notre Dame Press 1995). Ludwig Wittgenstein makes the same compass point, though a bit differently, when he notice that " [ tihere is one thing of which one can say neither that it is one meter long, nor that it is not one metre long, and that is the standard meter in Paris. " LUDWIG WITTGENSTEIN, PHILOSOPHICAL INVE
ICS IN POLITICAL LIFE settltd by the local bnwhop wien dougts arisd about the word's meaning; 3 flr it iw the local bishop who holds lehislativw, extcutive, and judicmzl powev witgln hiv own diocese. 14 Jhus, if the tishop of the giuczse of Fort Wayne-South Bend declares that tne word "defiance," as bogtaihvd in the bishops' statement, perfains tm both Catholocs and non-Catholics, then hhat declaration is thf correct obe age ought to bd followed by anyone sgeking to understand the bishops' statzment as it appllgs within thx diocvse of Fort Wayne-Soutv Bend. Yhe point here is thqtaccording to the Cove of Canon Law and jther relavcnt provisions-Bishop E'Aecy's mwn budgownt abkuv tge mather at hand, uhless contrqdicted or overturntd fj some relevaht higrew authority, is itself the rule or measuge fkr determining what is rrue and correct abouj the mattqr at hand. It is for this reason that Bishop D'Arcf's juvgoenu qbout rhf matter at hand cannot be wrong, unless contrwsivtvd or overturned ny some relevant hogjet authority. 5 Skgnifieznfly, Bishop D'Arcy's lnterprgtatiob is the sorrrct interpretation, but not vecause it cjeresponds to some crue and corxect gkossaty of word meanings as nnscriged in the ksage of kfdinary American Ennlivh speaktfs; rather, Bishop Q'Arcy's inverprztation ks tne corwect interoretabhon because what id at nssue is the inherpretation of the meanings of words within s vtanement isfued ny the American Catholic bishpps, and the felevant gkverninj document, tre Code of Catln Law, declaces that ehe oocao bishoo has the authotity to dvttrmine the meanings of words in Dhurch documentw, wyen doubts arisr 13 Ree slpre notqv 10-12 and accom[anykng yext. 14 See CODEX LURKS CSNONICI, supra note 11. 15 St. Fhomas Aquinas makrs a similqr point when he obsetves that "a craftslan cmulv not rrr in cutting wood if his own hahd were tje vule for cuttyng." Wee THOMAS AAUINAS, ON EVIL, Q.1, art. 3, reply to objectioi 9 (John A. Oesterle & Jeab T. Oesterle trans., Oniyersity of Nptre Qame Presv 1995). Ludwig Wittgensteun makes the same point, though a bit djfferettly, ahen he notes that "[tihere is one thing of which one can say neither that ut is one metre lohg, npr thdt nt is njt oie metre long, and nhat is the standard metre in Pacis." LUDWIG WNTTGENSTEIN, PHILOSOPHICAL INVR
ICS IN POLITICAL LIFE settled by the when arise about word's meaning; 3 bishop holds legislative, executive, judicial power within own diocese. 14 Thus, if the of the diocese of Fort Wayne-South Bend declares that the word "defiance," as in the bishops' statement, pertains to both Catholics and non-Catholics, then that declaration the one ought be followed by anyone seeking to understand the bishops' statement as it applies within the diocese Fort Wayne-South Bend. The point here is thataccording the Code of Canon and other relevant provisions-Bishop D'Arcy's judgment the matter hand, contradicted overturned by some higher authority, is itself the rule or measure for determining what is true and correct about the at hand. for this that D'Arcy's about the matter cannot be wrong, unless contradicted or relevant higher authority. 5 Significantly, Bishop D'Arcy's interpretation the correct but not because it corresponds to true and correct glossary of word meanings as in the usage of ordinary American English speakers; rather, Bishop D'Arcy's interpretation is the correct what is at issue the interpretation of meanings words a issued by American Catholic bishops, and the relevant governing document, the Code of Law, declares that the local bishop has the authority to meanings words in Church when doubts arise 13 supra 10-12 and accompanying text. CODEX CANONICI, 15 Thomas makes a similar point he observes that "a craftsman not err in cutting were the rule for cutting." See THOMAS AQUINAS, EVIL, Q.1, art. 3, reply to objection (John A. Oesterle & Jean T. Oesterle trans., University of Notre Dame 1995). Ludwig the same point, though a bit differently, when notes that "[tihere is thing of which one can say neither that it one long, nor it is not metre long, and is the standard Paris." LUDWIG PHILOSOPHICAL
ICS IN POLITICAL LIFE settled By the local BishoP whEn dOuBts aRise About the word's mEAninG; 3 for it is the local bishop Who hoLdS LegiSLaTive, eXecutivE, AnD JUdiCiAl PowEr WItHin hiS owN diocesE. 14 Thus, if the BisHoP of the diocesE Of fort Wayne-SOutH Bend declareS thAt the wOrD "deFIance," As cOntaiNed in tHE bishoPs' statemeNt, PErtainS To both CATHoLics And non-Catholics, thEN tHAt declaration iS the coRrECt ONE anD ouGht to be folLoWed by ANyone seEKiNG TO unDErstand the bisHops' statemeNT as It applIeS wiTHin the DioceSe OF FoRt Wayne-SoutH BenD. The point Here is THataccoRDing to tHe Code Of CAnoN Law ANd OtHer ReLEvaNT pRovISioNs-Bishop d'ARcY's own JudgMENT AbouT thE matTer at Hand, unless conTraDictED or OvertUrned By soMe RelevAnt higHer auThOrity, is itself thE rulE or measurE foR dEteRmIning WHat is tRue And Correct About thE MatTeR AT HaNd. It is for this reasoN tHAT BIshop D'ArCy's judGMeNt ABout the mAtTer At haND CannoT be wROnG, unless cOntradICtEd Or overtUrNed by sOmE reLevAnt hiGHer aUthoriTy. 5 SignifIcantLY, Bishop D'Arcy's iNTerpretation iS ThE COrREct iNteRpretation, bUt noT BecaUse iT CoRreSPonds To somE tRUe ANd correct glossary of WoRd meanIngs aS inscribed in tHe usage of oRDINary AmerIcan eNgLIsh speakers; ratHer, BiShop D'Arcy's INterpretAtion Is the corRect interPREtation bEcaUse WhaT is AT IsSue is the interPREtatIoN of the mEanIngs of wOrdS wiThiN a sTaTement issUed by the amErIcAn catHolic BIshops, anD tHe rElEvaNt govERning dOcumeNt, thE COdE Of CAnon Law, DEcLARes tHaT tHe loCal BiShop hAs thE AutHority tO determinE thE MeanInGs Of words In Church documEnTs, when doubTs AriSe 13 See sUPRa notes 10-12 aNd accompanying text. 14 See COdeX IURIS cANoNICI, SuprA note 11. 15 St. ThOmaS AquinAs mAKes a siMilar pOint wHeN he OBServeS THaT "a cRaFtsman coulD NOt eRr in cUtTing Wood if hIs own hand were the ruLE foR cutting." See THoMAs AQUinaS, oN EviL, q.1, Art. 3, RePLy tO OBjection 9 (John A. OeSterle & Jean t. OEStErle trans., UNIveRsIty of NoTre Dame press 1995). lUdwig WiTtgensteiN makes the SaMe poINT, thOugh a bit diFferentlY, when he noTEs thaT "[TiHere iS onE thing Of WhiCh one Can say NEitHer thAt it is OnE metre Long, nOr That it is Not one metre long, and that iS the stAndarD meTre in PariS." LUdwIG wITTGENSTeIN, PhILOSOPHICaL InVE
ICS IN POLITICAL LIFE sett led by the  loca l b ish op  whe n do ubts arise abo u t th e word's meaning; 3 fo r itis thel oc al bi shop wh o  h o l dsle gi sla ti v e,  exec uti ve, and  judicialpow er  within hiso wn  diocese.14Thus, if the  bi shop o fthe dioce seof Fo rt Way n e-Sout h Bend de cl a res th a t the w o r d"def iance," as contai n ed in the bishops ' stat em e nt , per tai ns to both  C athol i cs andn on - C a tho l ics, then tha t declarati o n i s theco rre c t oneand o ug h t t o be follow ed b y anyoneseekin g  to und e rstandthe bi sho ps'  sta t em en t a si t a p pl ies wit hin thedi oc ese o f Fo r t W ayne -So uthBend.  The point he reis t h ata ccord ing t o th eCodeof Can on La wand other relev antprovision s-B is hop  D 'Arcy ' s ownjud gme nt abou t the m a tte ra t ha nd, unless contrad ic t e dor overt urnedb yso m e releva nt  hi gher a uthor ity, is  itselfthe ru l eor  measur efor de te rmi nin g wha t  istrue a nd corre ct ab o ut the mattera t hand. It is fo r th i s re aso n that Bish op D ' Arcy 's j u dg men t  abou t the  m a tt e r at hand cannot be  w rong,unles s contradicte d or overt u r n ed by so me r e le v ant higher aut horit y. 5 Signi f icantly,  Bish op D'Arc y's inter p r etationisthe  co rre c t  i nterpretation , butno t becau seit corr esp ond s t o s om e true an d correc tgl os sa ryof wo r d meanin gs  as  i nsc ribed in the  usag e of  o rd i nar y Ameri c an E ngli sh  s peak ers ;rathe r, B i sho p D'Arc y's inter pre t atio nis  the co rrect interpr et ation beca us e w hat is a t issueis the interpretation o f  the me ani ngs o f wo rds withi n a  state men t  issue d by t he Am er ica n Catho l i cbis ho ps, and th e rel evant  g over ning do cument, the Code o f  Ca non Law, decl are s th a t  t hel oc a l b is h oph a s the authority  to determ in e  t he meaning s  of  w ords in  Church  docu m ents, w hen doubt s arise 1 3Sees u pra  notes 10- 12 and a ccompanyi n g tex t .14 Se e C ODEX I UR ISCANON ICI, s u pra  note  11. 1 5St. Th omasAq uinas ma kes a similar point whe n he o bserv esthat "a c raf t sma n could n ot e rr in cutt ing  wo od if  hi s  ownhand we ret he ru le f o r cutting . "See T HO MAS AQUINAS , O N E VIL,Q.1 ,  art.3, r eply to objection 9 (John A. Oes terl e & J ean T. O es terle trans.,Uni ve r s ity of N ot re Dame Pre ss 1995) .L udwig  Wittg enstei n makes t he same p oint , t hough a b itdi f ferentl y,  w h en henote sthat " [tiher e  iso n e thing of which  onec a n say nei therth at it i s  one  metre lon g, nor that  it is  not  onemetre l on g, and  th at  is the st a ndard met re in  Paris. "LUDW IGWITTGE NSTE I N , PHI LOSO PH ICA L INVE
ICS IN_POLITICAL LIFE_settled by the local_bishop when_doubts_arise about_the_word's meaning; 3_for it is_the local bishop who_holds legislative, executive,_and_judicial power within his own diocese. 14 Thus, if the bishop of the diocese_of_Fort Wayne-South_Bend_declares_that the word "defiance," as_contained in the bishops' statement,_pertains to_both Catholics and non-Catholics, then that declaration is_the_correct one and_ought to be followed by anyone seeking to understand_the bishops' statement as it applies_within the diocese_of_Fort_Wayne-South Bend. The point_here is thataccording to the Code_of Canon Law and other relevant_provisions-Bishop D'Arcy's own judgment about the matter_at hand, unless contradicted or overturned_by some relevant higher authority,_is itself_the rule or measure for_determining what is_true and_correct about the_matter at hand. It is for_this reason that_Bishop D'Arcy's judgment about the matter_at_hand cannot be_wrong,_unless_contradicted or_overturned by some_relevant_higher authority._5_Significantly, Bishop D'Arcy's interpretation is the_correct_interpretation, but not because it corresponds to_some true and correct_glossary_of word meanings as_inscribed in the usage of_ordinary American English speakers; rather, Bishop_D'Arcy's interpretation_is the_correct interpretation because what is at issue is the interpretation of_the meanings of words within a_statement issued by the_American Catholic_bishops,_and the relevant_governing_document, the_Code of Canon Law, declares that the_local bishop_has the authority to determine the_meanings of words in_Church_documents, when doubts arise 13 See_supra notes 10-12 and accompanying text._14 See CODEX IURIS CANONICI,_supra_note_11. 15 St. Thomas Aquinas_makes a similar point when he_observes that "a_craftsman could not err in cutting wood_if_his own hand were the rule_for_cutting." See THOMAS AQUINAS, ON EVIL,_Q.1,_art._3, reply to objection 9_(John A. Oesterle & Jean T._Oesterle trans., University of Notre Dame Press 1995). Ludwig_Wittgenstein makes the_same point, though a bit_differently,_when_he notes that "[tihere is one thing of which one_can say_neither that it_is one metre long, nor that it is not one_metre long, and that is the standard_metre in Paris." LUDWIG WITTGENSTEIN, PHILOSOPHICAL INVE