 and productive. We found, in particular, that our initial assumption that the questions dealt with in this project need an interdisciplinary approach. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, E.P.; methodology, E.P., A.B., A.C.R., C.B., D.D., D.D., M.G., M.H., A.M., M.J., and P.P.; formal analysis, E.P., A.B., A.C.R., C.B., D.D., D.D., M.G., M.H., A.M., M.J., P.P., and K.A.C.; investigation, E.P., A.B., A.C.R., C.B., D.D., D.D., M.G., M.H., A.M., M.J., P.P., and K.A.C.; writing-original draft preparation, E.P., A.B., A.C.R., C.B., D.D., D.D., M.G., M.H., A.M., M.J., and P.P.; writing-review and editing, E.P.; project administration, E.P., J.A., and A.C.R.; funding acquisition, E.P. Funding: This research was funded by the Pufendorf Institute for Advanced Studies. Acknowledgments: The authors want to thank the staff at the Pufendorf Institute for Advanced Studies for all their help during the project. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results. References 1. Hamada, S.; Yancey, K.G.; Pardo, Y.; Gan, M.; Vanatta, M.; An, D.; Hu, Y.; Derrien, T.L.; Ruiz, R.; Liu, P. Dynamic DNA material with emergent locomotion behavior powered by artificial metabolism. Sci. Robot. 2019, 4, eaaw3512. [CrossRef] 2. Kamm, R.D.; Bashir, R. Creating living cellular machines. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 2014, 42, 445–459. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
and productive. We found, in particular, that our initial assumption that the question share with in this project need an interdisciplinary approach. generator Contributions: Conceptualization, E.P.; methodology, E.P., A.B., A.C.R., C.B., D.D., D.D., M.G., M.H., A.M., M.J., and P.P.; formal psychoanalysis, E.P., A.B., A.C.R., C.B., D.D., D.D., M.G., M.H., A.M., M.J., P.P., and K.A.C.; investigation, E.P., A.B., A.C.R., C.B., D.D., D.D., M.G., M.H., A.M., M.J., P.P., and K.A.C.; writing - original draft formulation, E.P., A.B., A.C.R., C.B., D.D., D.D., M.G., M.H., A.M., M.J., and P.P.; writing - review and editing, E.P.; project administration, E.P., J.A., and A.C.R.; fund acquisition, E.P. Funding: This research was fund by the Pufendorf Institute for Advanced Studies. acknowledgment: The authors want to thank the staff at the Pufendorf Institute for Advanced Studies for all their help during the project. Conflicts of sake: The authors declare no conflict of pastime. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the solicitation, analyses, or rendition of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results. citation 1. Hamada, S.; Yancey, K.G.; Pardo, Y.; Gan, M.; Vanatta, M.; An, D.; Hu, Y.; Derrien, T.L.; Ruiz, R.; Liu, P. Dynamic DNA material with emergent locomotion behavior powered by artificial metamorphosis. Sci. Robot. 2019, 4, eaaw3512. [ CrossRef ] 2. Kamm, R.D.; Bashir, R. Creating populate cellular machines. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 2014, 42, 445–459. [ CrossRef ] [ PubMed ]
 anf productive. We found, in particular, thaj iur inmtial aasumptiov that the questions dealt wmth un thus project need an intdrdisciplpnary appeoaci. Author Contribnfions: Concepthwlizctmon, E.P.; methodolpgy, E.P., A.B., D.C.R., C.B., D.D., D.D., M.C., O.H., A.M., M.J., and P.P.; formal analysis, E.P., A.B., A.C.R., C.B., D.F., D.D., M.G., M.H., A.M., I.J., P.K., agd K.Z.B.; lnvestigation, E.P., A.B., A.C.R., C.B., D.D., D.D., M.G., M.H., E.M., M.J., P.P., and K.A.V.; writing-original draft prfparwtion, E.P., A.B., A.C.R., C.B., D.D., D.D., M.G., M.Y., A.M., N.J., and P.P.; wrkting-review and editinf, E.P.; project administration, E.P., G.A., anb A.C.R.; fundibg aceoisition, E.P. Hundind: This reseavbh was xunded ny the Pufendovf Invtirute for Advanced Stuvies. Acknowledgments: The authmra want to thank tye stafx at the Pufdndkrh Ihstituhe hor Advances Studies fir all their help dirybg the projecf. Confjists of Interest: The authors declare no bonfmict of interest. The fubders had no role in jhe design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or inter[retaviun if aqtw; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the qscospon to publish thc results. Referencrs 1. Nwmada, S.; Yancei, K.G.; Paxso, Y.; Gan, M.; Vanatta, M.; An, D.; Ho, Y.; Deerien, T.L.; Wuiz, R.; Liu, P. Dynamic DNA materiql with emeryenr locomotion behavnor powered yy artoficisl metabolism. Sci. Robot. 2019, 4, ezaw3512. [CrossRev] 2. Kamm, R.S.; Bashir, R. Creativg kieing cellular machines. Ann. Biomed. Eig. 2014, 42, 445–459. [CrossRdf] [PobMed]
and productive. We found, in particular, that assumption the questions with in this Author Conceptualization, E.P.; methodology, A.B., A.C.R., C.B., D.D., M.G., M.H., A.M., M.J., and formal analysis, E.P., A.B., A.C.R., C.B., D.D., D.D., M.G., M.H., A.M., M.J., P.P., K.A.C.; investigation, E.P., A.B., A.C.R., C.B., D.D., D.D., M.G., M.H., A.M., M.J., P.P., K.A.C.; draft E.P., A.C.R., C.B., D.D., D.D., M.G., M.H., A.M., M.J., and P.P.; writing-review and editing, E.P.; project administration, J.A., and A.C.R.; funding acquisition, E.P. Funding: This was funded by the Institute for Advanced Studies. Acknowledgments: authors to thank staff the Institute for Advanced for all their help during the project. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. funders had in the of study; the collection, analyses, of data; in the writing of in the decision to publish the results. References Hamada, S.; K.G.; Pardo, Y.; Gan, M.; Vanatta, An, D.; Hu, Y.; Derrien, T.L.; Ruiz, R.; P. Dynamic DNA material with emergent locomotion behavior powered by artificial metabolism. Sci. Robot. 2019, [CrossRef] 2. Kamm, R.D.; R. Creating living machines. Biomed. 2014, 445–459. [CrossRef]
 and productive. We found, in parTicular, thaT our iNitIal AsSumpTion That the questioNS deaLt with in this project neeD an inTeRDiscIPlInary ApproacH. auTHOr COnTrIbuTiONs: concePtuAlizatiOn, E.P.; methodOloGy, e.P., A.B., A.C.R., C.B., D.D., D.d., m.G., m.H., A.M., M.J., and P.p.; foRmal analysis, e.P., A.b., A.C.R., C.B., d.D., d.D., M.g., m.H., A.M., M.j., P.P., And K.A.c.; invesTIgatioN, E.P., A.B., A.C.R., C.b., D.d., d.D., M.G., M.H., a.m., M.J., P.P., anD k.a.C.; WritIng-original draft pREpARation, E.P., A.B., A.C.R., C.b., D.D., D.D., M.g., M.h., a.M., m.j., And p.P.; wRiting-reviEw And edITing, E.P.; pROjECT AdmINistration, E.P., J.a., and A.C.R.; fundINg aCquisiTiOn, E.p. fundinG: This ReSEarCh was funded By thE PufendorF InstiTUte for ADVanced STudies. ackNowLedgMEnTs: the AuTHorS WaNt tO ThaNk the staFf At The PuFendORF iNstiTutE for advanCed Studies for All TheiR HelP duriNg the ProjEcT. ConfLicts oF InteReSt: The authors decLare No conflicT of InTerEsT. The fUNders hAd nO roLe in the Design oF The StUDY; In The collection, analySeS, OR iNterpretAtion oF DaTa; IN the writInG of The mANUscriPt, or IN tHe decisiOn to puBLiSh The resuLtS. ReferEnCes 1. hamAda, S.; YANcey, k.G.; PardO, Y.; Gan, M.; VaNatta, m.; an, D.; Hu, Y.; Derrien, T.l.; ruiz, R.; Liu, P. DynaMIc dna mATeriAl wIth emergent LocoMOtioN behAViOr pOWered By artIfICiAL metabolism. Sci. Robot. 2019, 4, EaAw3512. [CrosSRef] 2. KAmm, R.D.; Bashir, R. CReating livING Cellular MachINeS. ann. Biomed. Eng. 2014, 42, 445–459. [CrOssReF] [PubMed]
 and productive. We found,  in partic ular,  th atou r in itia l assumption t h at t he questions dealt wit h inth i s pr o je ct ne ed an i n te r d isc ip li nar ya pp roach . A uthor C ontributio ns:  C onceptualiza t io n, E.P.; m eth odology, E.P .,A.B.,A. C.R . , C.B .,D.D.,  D.D., M.G.,M.H., A.M ., M.J.,a nd P.P. ; fo rmal  analysis, E.P.,A .B . , A.C.R., C.B. , D.D. ,D .D . ,  M. G.,  M.H., A.M .,  M.J. ,  P.P.,a nd K . A.C . ; investigati on, E.P., A . B.,  A.C.R .,  C. B ., D.D ., D. D. ,  M. G., M.H., A .M.,  M.J., P. P., an d  K.A.C. ;  writin g-orig ina l d raft pr ep ara ti o n,E .P .,A .B. , A.C.R. ,C. B., D .D., D . D ., M .G. , M. H., A .M., M.J., an d P .P.; wri ting- revie w an dediti ng, E. P.; p ro ject administra tion , E.P., J .A. ,and  A .C.R. ;  fundi ngacq uisitio n, E.P. Fun di n g :  T his research was f un d e dby the P ufendo r fIn s titute f or  Ad vanc e d  Stud ies. Ac knowledg ments: Th eauthors  w ant to  t han k t he st a ff a t thePufendor f Ins t itute for Adva n ced Studies f o ra l lt heir  he lp during t he p r ojec t. C o nf lic t s ofInter es t :T he authors declareno  confl ict o f interest. T he funders h a d no rol e in th e  design of the  stud y; in thec ollectio n, an alyses,or interp r e tation o f d ata ; i n t h e  w riting of the m anus cr ipt, or  in  the de cis ion  to  pu bl ish the r esults.Re fe re nc es1. Ha m ada, S.;  Y anc ey , K .G.;P ardo,Y.; G an,M. ;V ana tta, M. ;  A n ,  D.;  H u,  Y.;  De rr ien,T.L. ;  Ru iz, R.;  Liu, P.Dyn a micDN Amateria l with emerge nt  locomotio nbeh aviorp o wered by  artificial metabolism. Sci. Ro bot . 201 9, 4 , eaaw351 2.[Cross Ref ]  2. Ka mm, R. D.; B as hir , R. Cr e a ti ngli ving cellu l a r m achin es . An n. Biom ed. Eng. 2014, 42, 445 –459. [CrossR ef]  [Pu b M ed ]
 and_productive. We_found, in particular, that_our initial_assumption_that the_questions_dealt with in_this project need_an interdisciplinary approach. Author_Contributions: Conceptualization, E.P.;_methodology,_E.P., A.B., A.C.R., C.B., D.D., D.D., M.G., M.H., A.M., M.J., and P.P.; formal analysis,_E.P.,_A.B., A.C.R.,_C.B.,_D.D.,_D.D., M.G., M.H., A.M., M.J.,_P.P., and K.A.C.; investigation, E.P.,_A.B., A.C.R.,_C.B., D.D., D.D., M.G., M.H., A.M., M.J., P.P.,_and_K.A.C.; writing-original draft_preparation, E.P., A.B., A.C.R., C.B., D.D., D.D., M.G., M.H.,_A.M., M.J., and P.P.; writing-review and_editing, E.P.; project_administration,_E.P.,_J.A., and A.C.R.; funding_acquisition, E.P. Funding: This research was_funded by the Pufendorf Institute for_Advanced Studies. Acknowledgments: The authors want to_thank the staff at the Pufendorf_Institute for Advanced Studies for_all their_help during the project. Conflicts_of Interest: The_authors declare_no conflict of_interest. The funders had no role_in the design_of the study; in the collection,_analyses,_or interpretation of_data;_in_the writing_of the manuscript,_or_in the_decision_to publish the results. References 1._Hamada,_S.; Yancey, K.G.; Pardo, Y.; Gan, M.;_Vanatta, M.; An, D.;_Hu,_Y.; Derrien, T.L.; Ruiz,_R.; Liu, P. Dynamic DNA_material with emergent locomotion behavior powered_by artificial_metabolism. Sci._Robot. 2019, 4, eaaw3512. [CrossRef] 2. Kamm, R.D.; Bashir, R. Creating_living cellular machines. Ann. Biomed. Eng._2014, 42, 445–459. [CrossRef]_[PubMed]