 threatened species (frogs, toads, amphibians, tigers and elephants) are vulnerable to the impacts of climate change like sea level changes and longer drier spells. Changes in ocean temperature and acidification may lead to loss of 95% of the living corals of Australia's Great Barrier Reef (Anonymous, 2007). Climate change also alters the disease behavior in animals. The devastating amphibian disease chytrid fungus, likely exacerbated by warmer temperatures, has left many amphibian populations dwindling or extinct. IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON ECOSYSTEM Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) predicts that only a small change in climate has severe impact on the ecosystems (Anonymous, 2007). Marine and Coastal ecosystem: 70% of earth's surface is covered by oceans comprising unique ecosystems like mangroves, coral reefs, sea grass beds. Climate change is leading to sea level rise, increased coastal erosion, flooding, higher storm surges, sea salinity ingress, increased seasurface temperatures, ocean acidification and coral bleaching. Rising sea level presents extreme threat to marine ecosystems which can lead to disturbance in habitat and patterns of survival of marine species. Wetlands and coastal ecosystems are at a huge risk due to increasing sea levels. Many communities have already become climate refugees to evade rising sea level (Anonymous, 2007). Indian coastal areas vulnerable to climate change are Sunderbans, Maharashtra, Goa and Gujarat (Rann of Kutch). Species composition and distribution will surely be affected by such changes (Rathore and Jasrai, 2013). The Sundarbans is the largest natural low-lying mangrove ecosystem in the world, distributed over 10,000 square kilometers. The sea level rise recorded over the past 40 years is responsible for the loss of 28% of the mangrove ecosystem. Modelling suggests that up to 96% of suitable tiger habitat in the Sundarbans could be lost in the next 50–90 years (Loucks et al., 2010). Himalayan ecosystem: Temperatures in the Himalayan ecosystem are increasing at a rate of 0.9°C annually, which is considerably higher than the global average of 0.7°C per decade. Due to this changes mosquito are seeing first time in Lhasa and Tibet cities, located 3490 meters above sea level. There are similar reports of flies at Mount Everest base camp in Nepal. The presence of these insects suggests the possible spread of vectorborne diseases, such as
threatened species (frogs, toads, amphibian, tiger and elephants) are vulnerable to the impacts of climate change like ocean level changes and longer dry spells. Changes in ocean temperature and acidification may moderate to loss of 95% of the living coral of Australia's Great Barrier Reef (Anonymous, 2007). Climate change also alter the disease behavior in animals. The devastating amphibian disease chytrid fungus, likely exacerbated by warm temperatures, has left many amphibian population dwindling or extinct. IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON ECOSYSTEM Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) predicts that merely a small change in climate has severe impact on the ecosystem (Anonymous, 2007). Marine and Coastal ecosystem: 70% of earth's surface is covered by oceans comprising unique ecosystem like mangrove, coral reef, sea grass beds. Climate change is leading to sea floor ascent, increased coastal corrosion, implosion therapy, higher storm surges, sea salinity entrance, increased seasurface temperatures, ocean acidification and coral bleaching. Rising sea floor presents extreme threat to marine ecosystems which can lead to affray in habitat and patterns of survival of marine species. Wetlands and coastal ecosystem are at a huge risk due to increase ocean level. Many communities have already become climate refugees to evade ascend sea level (Anonymous, 2007). Indian coastal areas vulnerable to climate variety are Sunderbans, Maharashtra, Goa and Gujarat (Rann of Kutch). Species composition and distribution will surely be affect by such changes (Rathore and Jasrai, 2013). The Sundarbans is the largest lifelike low - lying mangrove ecosystem in the world, distributed over 10,000 square kilometers. The ocean level rise recorded over the past 40 years is creditworthy for the loss of 28% of the mangrove ecosystem. Modelling suggest that up to 96% of suitable tiger habitat in the Sundarbans could be lost in the future 50–90 old age (Loucks et al. , 2010). Himalayan ecosystem: Temperatures in the Himalayan ecosystem are increase at a rate of 0.9 ° C annually, which is considerably higher than the ball-shaped average of 0.7 ° C per decade. Due to this change mosquito are seeing first time in Lhasa and Tibet cities, located 3490 meters above sea degree. There are similar reports of flies at Mount Everest base camp in Nepal. The presence of these insect suggest the possible spread of vectorborne diseases, such as
 thgeatened species (frogs, tuads, amphibians, tigers and emephants) are vulnerable to the impacvs od clinate change like sea ldvel chanhes and oongtr drier spells. Ciznges ik ocezk tem'ecature and acidlfication mdy lead to losv uf 95% of the living corals of Australia'f Great Bwrrier Reef (Anjnympts, 2007). Dlimate change also alters the dissase beiavior in animaks. The devastating amphibiwn dlsease chytrid funhus, likely gsacqebated by wafmer tempegctures, has meft many amphibian populations dwinbling or exjnbct. HMPACT OF COIMATV CHANGE ON EGPSYSTEK Millemnium Ecosystek Avsewsment (MEA) predicts tiat only a small chagge in clhmcte has severe impact ob the ecovystdns (Xnohykohs, 2007). Maginx and Coastzl ecosysten: 70% of earth's surfact if covered by odeans soiprising unique ecosystems like mangrovts, codal reefs, sea grass bedw. Climate change is lgading to fea level rise, increased coastal erosion, flooding, highxr stiri wugges, sea salinity ingress, increased seasurfacq ttmpvratures, ocean acldification and cotap njeaching. Risivg sea lebel presents extrele threwt to marine esosyxtems which can lead to disrurbance in kabutat and patterns lf survival of karinr species. Wetlands and eoastam ecosystemd are at z huge risk due tu ikcraasing stx levels. Many comiunities iave clready cecoke cliiate refugfes to evade rising sea pevel (Atonymous, 2007). Lndian coastal areas vulnerable to climate chsnce dre Sundzrbans, Maharashtra, Doa and Gujaraj (Rann of Kutcf). Species bompositimn and distwibution will durely be afhected by sucy chqnges (Rxghore and Jasrsi, 2013). The Slnbarbans iw the largest natuval lus-lying mangrove ecisystem in the eorud, qidtcibutqg over 10,000 squase kkloorters. The sea leyel risr recorded over the [ast 40 years is responsobje for tye loss jf 28% of the mamgrove ecosystem. Mldellmng sujgests thwt up to 96% of suitable tiger hagitat in hhe Sundarbans soule be lost in the next 50–90 years (Loucks et al., 2010). Himalayai ecosystem: Temperaturgs in the Himalayan eeoxystem are mncreafing at a rate of 0.9°C annually, qhich is considersbly higher than the flobal averwge of 0.7°C per decade. Due to this changes mosquito are seeing first time in Lhasa and Tibet cjtiex, locdtzd 3490 meterf ablte sea level. Therv are similar reports of flies av Mount Evarzst base camp in Nepal. The prrsdnce of these insects suggests the poasible slread of vectorborne diseases, sich as
threatened species (frogs, toads, amphibians, tigers and vulnerable the impacts climate change like drier Changes in ocean and acidification may to loss of 95% of the corals of Australia's Great Barrier Reef (Anonymous, 2007). Climate change also alters the behavior in animals. The devastating amphibian disease chytrid fungus, likely exacerbated by warmer has many populations or extinct. IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON ECOSYSTEM Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) predicts that only a change in climate has severe impact on the (Anonymous, 2007). Marine and ecosystem: 70% of earth's surface covered oceans comprising ecosystems mangroves, reefs, sea grass Climate change is leading to sea level rise, increased coastal erosion, flooding, higher storm surges, sea salinity increased seasurface acidification and bleaching. sea presents extreme threat ecosystems which can lead to disturbance patterns of survival of marine species. Wetlands and ecosystems are a huge risk due to increasing levels. Many communities have already become climate refugees evade rising sea level (Anonymous, 2007). Indian coastal areas vulnerable to climate change are Sunderbans, and Gujarat (Rann of Species composition and will be by changes (Rathore Jasrai, 2013). The Sundarbans is the largest natural low-lying mangrove ecosystem the world, distributed over 10,000 square kilometers. The sea level over past 40 years responsible for the loss 28% the mangrove ecosystem. Modelling up 96% habitat the could be lost in next 50–90 years (Loucks et 2010). Himalayan ecosystem: Temperatures increasing at a rate of 0.9°C annually, which considerably higher than the global average of per decade. Due to this changes mosquito are seeing first time in and Tibet 3490 meters above sea level. There are similar of flies at Mount base camp in Nepal. The presence of these insects the spread of diseases, such as
 threatened species (frogs, toaDs, amphibiaNs, tigErs And ElEphaNts) aRe vulnerable to THe imPacts of climate change liKe sea LeVEl chANgEs and Longer dRIeR SPelLs. chAngEs IN oCean tEmpErature And acidifiCatIoN may lead to loSS oF 95% of the liviNg cOrals of AustrAliA's GreaT BArrIEr ReeF (AnOnymoUs, 2007). ClimATe chanGe also altErS The disEAse behaVIOr In anImals. The devastatiNG aMPhibian disease ChytriD fUNgUS, LikEly ExacerbateD bY warmER temperATuRES, Has LEft many amphibIan populatiONs dWindliNg Or eXTinct. ImPACT oF clIMaTE CHANGE ON eCOSySTEM MillEnnium eCosysteM assessmEnt (MEA) PreDicTs thAT oNlY a sMaLL chANgE in CLimAte has seVeRe ImpacT on tHE ECOsysTemS (AnoNymouS, 2007). Marine and CoaStaL ecoSYstEm: 70% of eArth's SurfAcE is coVered bY oceaNs Comprising uniquE ecoSystems liKe mAnGroVeS, coraL Reefs, sEa gRasS beds. ClImate chANge Is LEADiNg to sea level rise, inCrEASeD coastal ErosioN, FlOoDIng, higheR sTorM surGES, sea sAlinITy Ingress, iNcreasED sEaSurface TeMperatUrEs, oCeaN acidIFicaTion anD coral blEachiNG. Rising sea leveL Presents extreME tHREaT To maRinE ecosystems WhicH Can lEad tO DiStuRBance In habItAT aND patterns of survival Of Marine SpeciEs. Wetlands and Coastal ecoSYSTems are aT a huGE rISk due to increasIng seA levels. ManY CommunitIes haVe alreadY become clIMAte refugEes To eVadE riSINg Sea level (AnonyMOUs, 2007). InDiAn coastAl aReas vulNerAblE to CliMaTe change aRe SunderBaNs, maHaRasHtra, GOA and GujaRaT (RaNn Of KUtch). SPEcies cOmposItioN aNd DIstRibutioN WiLL SureLy Be AffeCteD bY such ChanGEs (RAthore aNd Jasrai, 2013). THe SUNdarBaNs Is the laRgest natural lOw-Lying mangrOvE ecOsysteM IN the worlD, distributed over 10,000 square kILometerS. ThE sea lEvel Rise recorDed Over thE paST 40 years Is respOnsibLe For THE loss OF 28% Of The MaNgrove ecosYSTem. modelLiNg suGgests tHat up to 96% of suitable tIGer Habitat in the SUndArbaNS CoUld BE lOSt iN tHE neXT 50–90 Years (Loucks et al., 2010). himalayan eCoSYsTem: TemperaTUreS iN the HimAlayan eCosysTEm are inCreasing aT a rate of 0.9°C AnNualLY, WhiCh is considErably hiGher than tHE globAL aVeragE of 0.7°c per deCaDe. DUe to tHis chaNGes MosquIto are SeEing fiRst tiMe In Lhasa aNd Tibet cities, located 3490 metErs aboVe sea LevEl. There arE siMIlaR reports oF fliEs at Mount EVerEst Base cAmp IN NepaL. The PReSenCE of thEse iNSects suggEStS thE POsSible spread OF VEctOrborNe dISeases, Such As
 threatened species (frogs , toads, a mphib ian s,ti gers  and  elephants) ar e  vul nerable to the impacts  of c li m atec ha nge l ike sea le v e l c ha ng esan d  l onger  dr ier spe lls. Chang esin  ocean tempe r at ure and ac idi fication may  le ad tolo sso f 95%  of  theliving corals  of Austr al i a's Gr e at Barr i e rReef  (Anonymous, 2007 ) .C limate changealso a lt e rs t hedis ease behav io r ina nimals. Th e d eva s tating amphib ian disease chy trid f un gus ,  likel y exa ce r bat ed by warme r te mperature s, has left ma n y amphi bian p opu lat ions dw in dli ng ore xt inc t . I MPACT OF  C LI MATECHAN G E O N EC OSY STEM  Mill ennium Ecosys tem  Ass e ssm ent ( MEA)pred ic ts th at onl y a s ma ll change in cl imat e has sev ere  i mpa ct  on t h e ecos yst ems  (Anony mous, 2 0 07) .M a r in e and Coastal ecos ys t e m:  70% ofearth' s  s ur f ace is c ov ere d by o ceans  com p ri sing uni que ec o sy st ems lik emangro ve s,cor al re e fs,sea gr ass beds . Cli m ate change isl eading to sea le v e lr ise,  in creased coa stal eros ion, fl ood i ng, h igher  s t or m  surges, sea salini ty  ingre ss, i ncreased seas urface tem p e r atures,ocea n  a c idification an d cor al bleachi n g. Risin g sea  level p resents e x t reme thr eat  to  ma rin e ec osystems whic h canle ad to d ist urbance  in  ha bit atan d pattern s of sur vi va lof  ma rines pecies.We tla nd s a nd co a stal e cosys tems  a re ata huger is k dueto  i ncre asi ng  sealeve l s.Many co mmunities  ha v e al re ad y becom e climate ref ug ees to eva de  ri sing s e a  level ( Anonymous, 2007). India n  coasta l a reasvuln erable to  cl imatecha n ge are  Sunde rbans ,Mah a r ashtr a ,  G oaan d Gujarat( R ann  of K ut ch).  Specie s composition andd ist ribution will  su rely b eaff e ct e d b ys uch c hanges (Rathore  and Jasra i, 20 13). The S u nda rb ans isthe lar gestn aturallow-lying  mangrove  e cosy s t emin the wor ld, dist ributed o v er 10 , 00 0 squ are  kilom et ers . The  sea l e vel  rise  recor de d over  thepa st 40 ye ars is responsible forthe lo ss of  28 % of theman g rov e ecosyst em.Modellingsug ges ts th atu p to96%o fsui t abletige r  habitati nthe S un darbans cou l d belostint he nex t 50 –90 years (Loucks et al., 2010).  Him a l aya n e c osys te m: Temperature s i nt h e Himala ya n ecosystem  are inc re a singat a r ate of  0.9°Ca n nu a lly, w hich  is  consider abl yh igher t ha nt he glo balav erageof 0.7 ° C pe r decade. Due to t his c h a ngesm osq uitoar e seein g  fir st time in  Lhasa andTibetciti es, l ocated34 90 met ers  a bove sea l e vel. Ther e are  simila rrepo rts  of fl iesa t  Moun t Ev er est  base cam p in Ne pa l . T he p resen ce  ofthese ins e cts sugg est s  the po ss ibl e spread of v ectorborne  di sease s ,  such as
 threatened_species (frogs,_toads, amphibians, tigers and_elephants) are_vulnerable_to the_impacts_of climate change_like sea level_changes and longer drier_spells. Changes in_ocean_temperature and acidification may lead to loss of 95% of the living corals of_Australia's_Great Barrier_Reef_(Anonymous,_2007). Climate change also alters_the disease behavior in animals._The devastating_amphibian disease chytrid fungus, likely exacerbated by warmer_temperatures,_has left many_amphibian populations dwindling or extinct. IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE_ON ECOSYSTEM Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA)_predicts that only_a_small_change in climate has_severe impact on the ecosystems (Anonymous,_2007). Marine and Coastal ecosystem: 70%_of earth's surface is covered by oceans_comprising unique ecosystems like mangroves, coral_reefs, sea grass beds. Climate_change is_leading to sea level rise,_increased coastal erosion,_flooding, higher_storm surges, sea_salinity ingress, increased seasurface temperatures, ocean_acidification and coral_bleaching. Rising sea level presents extreme_threat_to marine ecosystems_which_can_lead to_disturbance in habitat_and_patterns of_survival_of marine species. Wetlands and coastal_ecosystems_are at a huge risk due to_increasing sea levels. Many_communities_have already become climate_refugees to evade rising sea_level (Anonymous, 2007). Indian coastal areas_vulnerable to_climate change_are Sunderbans, Maharashtra, Goa and Gujarat (Rann of Kutch). Species composition_and distribution will surely be affected_by such changes (Rathore_and Jasrai,_2013)._The Sundarbans is_the_largest natural_low-lying mangrove ecosystem in the world, distributed_over 10,000_square kilometers. The sea level rise_recorded over the past_40_years is responsible for the loss_of 28% of the mangrove ecosystem._Modelling suggests that up to_96%_of_suitable tiger habitat in the_Sundarbans could be lost in the_next 50–90 years_(Loucks et al., 2010). Himalayan ecosystem: Temperatures_in_the Himalayan ecosystem are increasing at_a_rate of 0.9°C annually, which is_considerably_higher_than the global average of_0.7°C per decade. Due to this_changes mosquito are seeing first time in Lhasa and_Tibet cities, located_3490 meters above sea level._There_are_similar reports of flies at Mount Everest base camp in_Nepal. The_presence of these_insects suggests the possible spread of vectorborne diseases, such as