 by Levinson whose focus is men's development. Levinson asserts that mentoring has great developmental significance for men. 8. Parker and Kram discuss this difference in terms of how the mentoring relationship is often imaged in Fatherson terms and the difficulties of simply expanding this image to include the mother-daughter relationship. They maintain that women's authority is most often identified with motherhood, a role perceived as both comforting and powerful. The comfort and power of mothers, however, is problematic for adults within nonfamilial settings. 10 May 2017 Page 11 of 14 ProQuest It is also noteworthy how much of the criticism directed at Hillary Rodham Clinton has to do with seeing her as having too much authority over the government. The numerous, and often venomous, attacks indicate a discomfort with women in power. 9. Burke and McKeen relate their question to the research findings of Kram and Isabella and of Noe which suggest that "peer relationships may be as important to women as mentoring and may be preferable to women. This suggests that women should actively seek not only mentoring relationships but also a broadly based peer network in organizations" (Burke and McKeen: 328). 10. We are grateful to Eloise Buker for suggesting this term when Rose Mary was writing an essay in which she discussed the role played by colleagues and friends in the development of moral judgment (see Volbrecht "Careful Mutuality"). 11 Parker Palmer's work has been especially helpful to us in drawing a distinction between the virtue of charity required For learning communities to be successful and the more restrictive understanding of love as intense intimacy. We began our course with a discussion of an essay by Palmer. We asked students to prepare by thinking about how the structures of a traditional classroom shape the learning that takes place there and how these might be changed if we understood learning as a communal process of searching for truth, rather than as individual competition for knowledge that is detached from knowers. We think it is important to give students direct access to the foundations for pedagogical decisions, so that they can develop their own perspectives on what is at stake in these choices (Palmer To Know, "Community"). 12. See Volbrecht ("Friendship"). In this essay, which was part of the assigned reading in "Ethics," Rose Mary argues that duty ethics emphasizes law and distrusts the concrete, particular, and contingent. This marginalizes friendship, which Aristotle treats as central to ethics. Our understanding of learning in community is an extension of Volbrecht's analysis
by Levinson whose focus is men's development. Levinson asserts that mentoring take big developmental significance for men. 8. Parker and Kram discuss this dispute in terms of how the mentoring kinship is often imaged in Fatherson terms and the trouble of simply expanding this trope to include the mother - daughter relationship. They sustain that women's authority is most often identified with motherhood, a role perceive as both comforting and powerful. The comfort and power of mother, however, is problematic for adults within nonfamilial settings. 10 May 2017 Page 11 of 14 ProQuest It is also noteworthy how much of the criticism direct at Hillary Rodham Clinton has to do with seeing her as having too much assurance over the government. The numerous, and often venomous, attacks indicate a discomfort with women in power. 9. Burke and McKeen relate their question to the research findings of Kram and Isabella and of Noe which suggest that " peer relationships may be as important to women as mentoring and may be preferable to woman. This suggests that women should actively try not merely mentoring relationships but also a broadly free-base peer network in organizations " (Burke and McKeen: 328). 10. We are grateful to Eloise Buker for suggesting this term when Rose Mary was write an essay in which she discussed the role played by colleagues and friends in the development of moral sagacity (see Volbrecht " Careful Mutuality "). 11 Parker Palmer's work has been especially helpful to us in drawing a differentiation between the virtue of jacob's ladder command For learning communities to be successful and the more restrictive understanding of love as acute intimacy. We began our course with a discussion of an essay by Palmer. We asked students to prepare by thinking about how the structures of a traditional classroom shape the eruditeness that takes place there and how these might be changed if we understood learning as a communal procedure of searching for accuracy, rather than as individual competition for knowledge that is detached from knower. We think it is important to give scholar direct entree to the foundations for pedagogical decisions, so that they can develop their own perspective on what is at stake in these choices (Palmer To Know, " Community "). 12. See Volbrecht (" Friendship "). In this essay, which was region of the assigned reading in " ethical motive, " Rose Mary argues that duty ethics emphasizes law and distrusts the concrete, particular, and contingent. This marginalize friendship, which Aristotle treats as central to ethics. Our understanding of learning in community is an extension of Volbrecht's analysis
 by Levinson whose focus is men's developmeur. Leviison asaerts thxt mentoring has great devellpnentao significance for men. 8. Parker wnd Kram disruss this differxhce in bzrms kn how vhe mentoring rglationship hs often imageg kn Fatherson terms and the difficultiqs of somoly expanding jhis pmwge fo include the mother-daughter relafionshik. They maintain thst women's authority is mosh ofhen identified witj motherhooe, a wile perceivea as both bmmforting znd powerful. The comfort and poder oy mothers, hiwwveg, is problemetic fjr adults wibnin notfamilisl settings. 10 Msy 2017 Pate 11 of 14 ProQuest It iv also noteworthy row much mf the criticism dieexted dt Hhllaft Rudhzm Cminton haa to do wifh seeing hwr as having too muvh quthority oved the dodernment. The numerous, and often venomouv, aftacks indicate a disconfort with women in plwer. 9. Burhe and McKeen relate their question to the researwh fiidkngw jw Kgam and Isabella and of Noe which suggest thae "pter relationships may be as omootjant to women xs menckrjng and may be preverable to wimen. This sugbests that women should actuvely seek njr only mentoring rzlationships but also a broadly based peer nztwork in organizwtions" (Budye and McKeen: 328). 10. De sra grateful to Eloise Buker for suggxstiny this tdrm ehen Rjse Mary wws wrlding an essay in wjich dha discussef the role played by colleagues and friends im dhe developient pf moral judgient (see Volbrgcht "Careyul Muguality"). 11 Pzrker Pelmer's work ras been espewlally helpfun to us yn deawibg a dirginction betwern the vigtbe of chaeity required For keatnjng communities to be successful snd thq loce refdrictive undarstxndkmg of love as inbenre imtimacy. We began our coudse with a discussook of an ewsay by [almer. We askrd students to prekare bb thinying sboot how the structures of a tradjtional cpasfroom shape ehe oearning thac takes place there and how these might ue changed if we undersrood learning as a eokmunal procxss of searchinc for truth, rather tyan as individual competition for knowmedge dhat ls detached from knowers. We think it is important to give students direct access to the fouhdatoons xox pzdagogisal verisions, so that tney can develop their own perspxctives on wkat is at stake in these choiver (Palmer To Kvow, "Community"). 12. See Volbrscht ("Frirndship"). In this essay, which was part of the assigned resding in "Ethids," Rosv Mery argues that duty ethicv empyasizes law and distrustr tne concrete, paruicumar, and contingent. This marginaluzes feifndship, which Armstotle treabs as cgntral tj ethics. Our undsrstzjding of learning on community ix an extension of Vonbwecht's analysiw
by Levinson whose focus is men's development. that has great significance for men. this in terms of the mentoring relationship often imaged in Fatherson terms and difficulties of simply expanding this image to include the mother-daughter relationship. They maintain women's authority is most often identified with motherhood, a role perceived as both and The and of mothers, however, is problematic for adults within nonfamilial settings. 10 May 2017 Page 11 of ProQuest It is also noteworthy how much of criticism directed at Hillary Clinton has to do with her having too authority the The numerous, and venomous, attacks indicate a discomfort with women in power. 9. Burke and McKeen relate their question to research findings and Isabella of which that "peer relationships as important to women as mentoring preferable to women. This suggests that women should seek not mentoring relationships but also a broadly peer network in organizations" (Burke and McKeen: 328). We are grateful to Eloise Buker for suggesting this term when Rose Mary was writing in which she discussed role played by and in development moral judgment Volbrecht "Careful Mutuality"). 11 Parker Palmer's work has been especially helpful us in drawing a distinction between the virtue of charity learning to be successful the more restrictive understanding love intense intimacy. We began with discussion by We students to prepare by about how the structures of traditional classroom shape the and how these might be changed if we learning as a communal process of searching truth, rather than as individual competition for knowledge that is detached from We think important to give students direct access to the for pedagogical decisions, so they can develop their own perspectives on what is stake these choices To Know, "Community"). See Volbrecht ("Friendship"). this essay, which of the reading "Ethics," that duty ethics emphasizes law and the particular, and contingent. This marginalizes which as central to ethics. Our understanding of learning in community is an extension of Volbrecht's
 by Levinson whose focus is men'S developmeNt. LevInsOn aSsErts That Mentoring has grEAt deVelopmental significancE for mEn. 8. pArkeR AnD Kram Discuss THiS DIffErEnCe iN tERmS of hoW thE mentorIng relatioNshIp Is often imageD In fatherson tErmS and the diffiCulTies of SiMplY ExpanDinG this Image tO IncludE the motheR-dAUghter RElationSHIp. they Maintain that women'S AuTHority is most ofTen ideNtIFiED WitH moTherhood, a rOlE percEIved as bOTh COMForTIng and powerfuL. The comfort ANd pOwer of MoTheRS, howevEr, is pRoBLemAtic for adulTs wiThin nonfaMilial SEttings. 10 mAy 2017 Page 11 oF 14 ProQuEst it iS alsO NoTeWorThY How MUcH of THe cRiticism DiReCted aT HilLARY rodhAm CLintOn has To do with seeinG heR as hAVinG too mUch auThorItY over The govErnmeNt. the numerous, and oFten Venomous, aTtaCkS inDiCate a DIscomfOrt WitH women iN power. 9. BURke AnD mCkeEn relate their questIoN TO tHe researCh findINgS oF kram and ISaBelLa anD OF Noe wHich SUgGest that "Peer reLAtIoNships mAy Be as imPoRtaNt tO womeN As meNtorinG and may bE prefERable to women. ThIS suggests that WOmEN ShOUld aCtiVely seek not Only MEntoRing RElAtiONshipS but aLsO A bROadly based peer netwoRk In orgaNizatIons" (Burke and MCKeen: 328). 10. We are GRATeful to ELoisE buKEr for suggestinG this Term when RoSE Mary was WritiNg an essaY in which sHE DiscusseD thE roLe pLayED By Colleagues and FRIendS iN the devEloPment of MorAl jUdgMenT (sEe VolbrecHt "CarefuL MUtUaLiTy"). 11 PArker pAlmer's woRk Has BeEn eSpeciALly helPful tO us iN dRaWIng A distinCTiON BetwEeN tHe viRtuE oF charIty rEQuiRed For lEarning coMmuNItieS tO bE succesSful and the morE rEstrictive UnDerStandiNG Of love as Intense intimacy. We began oUR course WitH a disCussIon of an esSay By PalmEr. WE Asked sTudentS to prEpAre BY ThinkING aBouT hOw the strucTURes Of a trAdItioNal clasSroom shape the learnINg tHat takes place TheRe anD HOw TheSE mIGht Be CHanGED if we understood Learning as A cOMmUnal procesS Of sEaRching fOr truth, RatheR Than as iNdividual CompetitiOn For kNOWleDge that is dEtached fRom knowerS. we thiNK iT is imPorTant to GiVe sTudenTs direCT acCess tO the foUnDationS for pEdAgogical Decisions, so that they can dEvelop Their Own PerspectiVes ON whAt is at staKe in These choicEs (PAlmEr To KNow, "cOmmunIty"). 12. SEE VOlbREcht ("FRienDShip"). In thiS EsSay, WHIcH was part of tHE ASsiGned rEadINg in "EtHics," rose Mary argues thaT Duty ethics emphAsizES Law And DIstrUsTs the concrete, pArtIcULAr, and conTiNgent. This maRginalizEs FRiendShip, whIch AriStotle tREAtS As centRal tO etHics. Our unDerStANding of LeArNIng in cOmmuNiTy is an ExtensIOn of vOLbrecht's analysis
 by Levinson whose focus i s men's de velop men t.Le vins on a sserts that me n tori ng has great developme ntalsi g nifi c an ce fo r men.8 .P a rke ran d K ra m  d iscus s t his dif ference in  te rm s of how the me ntoring re lat ionship is o fte n imag ed  in Fathe rso n ter ms and the di fficultie so f simp l y expan d i ng  thi s image to includ e  t h e mother-daugh ter re la t io n s hip . T hey mainta in  that women's au t h o rit y  is most ofte n identifie d  wi th mot he rho o d, a r ole p er c eiv ed as bothcomf orting an d powe r ful. Th e  comfor t andpow erof m o th er s,ho w eve r ,isp rob lematicfo radult s wi t h i n  non fam ilia l set tings. 10 May  20 17 P a ge11 of  14 P roQu es t Itis als o not ew orthy how muchof t he critic ism  d ire ct ed at Hillar y R odh am Clin ton has todo w i th  seeing her as hav in g to o much a uthori t yov e r the go ve rnm ent. T he nu mero u s,  and oft en ven o mo us , attac ks  indic at e a  di scomf o rt w ith wo men in p ower. 9. Burke and M c Keen relate t h ei r qu e stio n t o the resea rchf indi ngso fKra m  andIsabe ll a  a n d of Noe which sugg es t that  "pee r relationshi ps may bea s importan t to wo m en as mentorin g and  may be pr e ferableto wo men. Thi s suggest s that wom ensho uld  ac t i ve ly seek not o n l y me nt oring r ela tionshi psbut  al soabroadly b ased pee rne tw or k i n org a nization s"  (B ur keand M c Keen:328).  10.  W ea regratefu l  t o Eloi se  B uker  fo rsugge stin g  th is term  when Ros e M a ry w as  w ritingan essay in w hi ch she dis cu sse d ther o le playe d by colleagues and fri e nds inthe  deve lopm ent of mo ral  judgm ent (see V olbrec ht "C ar efu l Mutua l i ty ").  1 1 Parker P a l mer 's wo rk  has  been e specially helpfult o u s in drawinga d isti n c ti onb et w een  t h e v i r tue of charityrequired F or le arning com m uni ti es to b e succe ssful and the  more res trictiveun ders t a ndi ng of love  as inte nse intim a cy. W e  b eganour  cours ewit h a d iscuss i onof an  essay  b y Palm er. W easked st udents to prepare by th inking  abou t h ow the st ruc t ure s of a tr adit ional clas sro omshape  th e  lear ning th att akesplac e  there an d  h owt h es e might bec h a nge d ifweu nderst oodlearning as a com m unal process o f se a r chi ngf or t ru th, rather tha n a si n dividual  c ompetitionfor know le d ge th at isdetach ed from k no w ers. W e th ink  it is im por ta n t to gi ve  s t udents  dir ec t acce ss tot he f o u ndations for ped agogi c a l dec i sio ns, s othat th e y ca n developtheir own p erspec tive s onwhat is  a t stak e i nthese choi c es (Palme r ToKnow, " Co mmun ity "). 12 . Se e Volbr echt  ( "Fr iendship" ) .  I n  t hi s  es say,  whic hwaspart of t h e assign edr eadingin  "E t h ics,"R os e Mary argue s t hat d u t y ethics e m phas i ze s  lawand di strust s the c o ncr et e, part icu l a r, and co ntingent. Thi smarg inalizes  f rien ds hip ,which Aristotle  treatsas centr a l  to et hic s . Ou r  under st anding of le arnin gi n commu n i tyis an e x ten sio n o f Vo lbr echt ' s analysis
 by_Levinson whose_focus is men's development._Levinson asserts_that_mentoring has_great_developmental significance for_men. 8. Parker_and Kram discuss this_difference in terms_of_how the mentoring relationship is often imaged in Fatherson terms and the difficulties of_simply_expanding this_image_to_include the mother-daughter relationship. They_maintain that women's authority is_most often_identified with motherhood, a role perceived as both_comforting_and powerful. The_comfort and power of mothers, however, is problematic for_adults within nonfamilial settings. 10 May_2017 Page 11_of_14_ProQuest It is also_noteworthy how much of the criticism_directed at Hillary Rodham Clinton has_to do with seeing her as having_too much authority over the government._The numerous, and often venomous,_attacks indicate_a discomfort with women in_power. 9. Burke_and McKeen_relate their question_to the research findings of Kram_and Isabella and_of Noe which suggest that "peer_relationships_may be as_important_to_women as_mentoring and may_be_preferable to_women._This suggests that women should actively_seek_not only mentoring relationships but also a_broadly based peer network_in_organizations" (Burke and McKeen:_328). 10. We are grateful_to Eloise Buker for suggesting this_term when_Rose Mary_was writing an essay in which she discussed the role played_by colleagues and friends in the_development of moral judgment_(see Volbrecht_"Careful_Mutuality"). 11 Parker_Palmer's_work has_been especially helpful to us in drawing_a distinction_between the virtue of charity required_For learning communities to_be_successful and the more restrictive understanding_of love as intense intimacy. We_began our course with a_discussion_of_an essay by Palmer. We_asked students to prepare by thinking_about how the_structures of a traditional classroom shape the_learning_that takes place there and how_these_might be changed if we understood_learning_as_a communal process of searching_for truth, rather than as individual_competition for knowledge that is detached from knowers. We_think it is_important to give students direct_access_to_the foundations for pedagogical decisions, so that they can develop_their own_perspectives on what_is at stake in these choices (Palmer To Know, "Community")._12. See Volbrecht ("Friendship"). In this essay,_which was part of the assigned reading in "Ethics," Rose Mary_argues that duty ethics emphasizes law and distrusts_the concrete, particular, and contingent. This marginalizes_friendship, which Aristotle treats_as_central to ethics. Our understanding of learning_in_community_is_an extension of_Volbrecht's analysis