 be using technology to support differentiation, and personal exploration, and individualized learning, and really do some things with people." TS4 "I also feel optimistic about technology becoming more affordable. There's sometimes disparity with technology, but it's becoming more equitable as technology becomes more affordable." TS6 "You do lose some of your privacy with social networks, but the tradeoff is that it brings people together. It's hard to put a dollar value on that, or with something like my Twitter feed that I use to communicate with other professionals while I'm at work. It's exciting, and because of that excitement level I am optimistic." 173 technology improves quality of TD2 "I am an optimist. Over time technology will continue to develop and make improvements in our quality of life." TD6 "Wealth of knowledge at our fingertips, I'm optimistic about this. It can be valid or invalid answers, but it's there." TS4 "So I feel positive and optimistic about what technology can do for our students in the classroom in the future." life ready access to information technology will help students Technological pessimism. While the category Technological optimism was associated with 28 out of the 31 participants, the contrasting view Technological pessimism was not as prevalent. Technological pessimism involved 14 coding instances from 6 documents and 6 participants. An example of Technological pessimism is TD12 stated in response to the last interview question: It would not be hard for me to envision a fairly dystopian future around a school of one type of model, where the majority of instruction is directed by computers with little human interaction, and that justification is through multiple choice types of examinations. A notable finding is that technology leaders can assess the value of the same technological innovation in different ways, with one looking at something with optimism, and another with pessimism. In response to the last interview question concerned with imagining futuristic technology, TD3 stated: I'm an optimist, there will be technology that will help us move forward, and help students. It may sound crazy but we're not too far from the possibility o f having memory devices that connect directly to the brain, it's moving in that direction, with technology offering information dumps directly to the brain. In imagining futuristic technology and devices connected directly to the brain, TD3 viewed this with optimism. In contrast, TS14, in response to the same interview question, and after expressing optimism about technological innovations such as motion capture and sensitivity to human gestures, stated: 174 On other hand, I am a
be using technology to support differentiation, and personal exploration, and individualized eruditeness, and in truth do some things with citizenry. " TS4 " I besides feel optimistic about technology become more affordable. There's sometimes disparity with technology, but it's become more equitable as technology becomes more low-cost. " TS6 " You do lose some of your privacy with social networks, but the tradeoff is that it brings people in concert. It's hard to put a dollar value on that, or with something like my Twitter feed that I practice to communicate with early professional while I'm at work. It's exciting, and because of that excitement level I am affirmative. " 173 technology improves timbre of TD2 " I am an optimist. Over time engineering will continue to develop and make improvements in our quality of life. " TD6 " Wealth of cognition at our fingertips, I'm optimistic about this. It can be valid or invalid answers, but it's there. " TS4 " So I feel positive and affirmative about what engineering can do for our scholar in the classroom in the future. " life ready access to information technology will help students Technological pessimism. While the category technical optimism was associate with 28 out of the 31 participants, the contrast opinion Technological pessimism was not as prevalent. technical pessimism involved 14 gull instances from 6 documents and 6 participant. An example of Technological pessimism is TD12 stated in response to the last interview motion: It would not be hard for me to envision a fairly dystopian future around a school of one type of exemplar, where the majority of instruction is mastermind by computers with little human interaction, and that justification is through multiple choice types of examinations. A noteworthy finding is that technology leaders can measure the value of the same technological innovation in different way, with one looking at something with optimism, and another with pessimism. In answer to the last interview doubt concerned with imagine futuristic technology, TD3 state: I'm an optimist, there will be technology that will avail us move forward, and avail scholar. It may sound crazy but we're not too far from the possibility o f having memory devices that connect directly to the mind, it's moving in that direction, with engineering offering information dumps directly to the brain. In imagining futuristic technology and device connected directly to the brain, TD3 viewed this with optimism. In contrast, TS14, in response to the same consultation question, and after expressing optimism about technological innovations such as motion capture and sensitivity to human gestures, stated: 174 On other hired hand, I am a
 be using technology to supkort differentiatnin, and persohal expluration, and individualized lxarnung, abd really do some thines with pvople." TS4 "U alwi feel optmjistic about fcchnonigy becoming mpre afforddble. There's sokegiles disparity with technology, but ie's becokijg more equitafle sf tedhnology becomes more affordable." TA6 "You dm lose some og your privacy with social netaorks, but the tradfoff is thaj it vrings peopld together. It's hard to put a dollar value on that, or dith xomething oije li Twitter fexd than I use to communicata with pther professipnans qhile I'm at work. It's xxciting, and because of that axeitement level I am optumisthc." 173 dechviloey jm'robes quwlivy of TD2 "I zm an optimust. Over time technpljty will contihue to dqvelop and make improvements in our quanitg of life." TD6 "Wealth of jnowledge at our finggrtips, I'm jptimistic about this. It can be valid or invalid dnswecs, buu lb's tfwrf." TS4 "So I feel positive and optimistic about rgau tvchnology can do nor our students im hhr classroom in the fbfude." life ready acceds to igformqtion tecrnolpgy will help students Techbological pefwimism. While the cctegory Techuologival oltimism was associated cith 28 kut of the 31 participzvts, the contrastkng vhew Technological pessimisi was not as 'revaleng. Tevhnolodical pesslmism involved 14 coding ijstanees fsom 6 documfnts and 6 participants. An example of Technolobiwal pessimifm is TD12 stated in response to tke last nntervkew questikn: It wmuld not be hard for me dl envision a fairly qystipiab futurd around a schopl of one type of midel, where the majprijy of instruction is directed by cokpugerf aivh liedle human inderaztium, and that justinicxtiom is through multipla chkice types of examonwtions. A notable finding is tnat technology leafers ran asress yhe value of the same technologiczl innovahiok in differene wans, wyth one lopking at something with optimism, and anither with pessimiwm. In response to tke last intertiew qtestion cmncerned with imaginung futuristic teghnology, TD3 stated: I'm zn opthmist, there will be technology that will help us move forward, and help studentw. It mey sound crazg buy we'rv njc too fwr fcoo the possibilitj o f having memory devices that connect dnrectly to the brain, it's movimg in that direztion, with technology ofrering imformation dumps directly to thr brain. In imagining futmristic twchnomogy and dxvices connected dirrctly co the brain, RD3 vlewed this witf oltlmism. In clntrest, TS14, in response to the same inteeview wufstion, and after expressing uptimpsm aboot technological jnnobwtionr such as motoon capture anc sensitivity to humdn gestures, stattd: 174 On other hamd, I am a
be using technology to support differentiation, and and learning, and do some things feel about technology becoming affordable. There's sometimes with technology, but it's becoming more as technology becomes more affordable." TS6 "You do lose some of your privacy social networks, but the tradeoff is that it brings people together. It's hard put dollar on or with something like my Twitter feed that I use to communicate with other professionals while at work. It's exciting, and because of that level I am optimistic." technology improves quality of TD2 am optimist. Over technology continue develop and make in our quality of life." TD6 "Wealth of knowledge at our fingertips, I'm optimistic about this. It be valid answers, but there." "So feel positive and what technology can do for our classroom in the future." life ready access to technology will students Technological pessimism. While the category optimism was associated with 28 out of the participants, the contrasting view Technological pessimism was not as prevalent. Technological pessimism involved 14 coding 6 documents and 6 An example of pessimism TD12 in to the interview question: It would not be hard for me to envision fairly dystopian future around a school of one type of the of instruction is by computers with little interaction, that justification is through types examinations. is technology can assess the value the same technological innovation in ways, with one looking another with pessimism. In response to the last question concerned with imagining futuristic technology, TD3 I'm an optimist, there will be technology that will help us move and help may sound crazy but we're not too far the possibility o f memory devices that connect directly to the brain, it's in direction, with offering information dumps to the brain. imagining futuristic technology connected directly the TD3 optimism. In contrast, TS14, in response the interview question, and after expressing about such as motion capture and sensitivity to human gestures, stated: 174 On other hand, I
 be using technology to supporT differentIatioN, anD peRsOnal ExplOration, and indiVIduaLized learning, and really Do somE tHIngs WItH peopLe." TS4 "I alSO fEEL opTiMiStiC aBOuT techNolOgy becoMing more afForDaBle. There's somETiMes dispariTy wIth technologY, buT it's beCoMinG More eQuiTable As techNOlogy bEcomes morE aFFordabLE." TS6 "You dO LOsE somE of your privacy witH SoCIal networks, but The traDeOFf IS ThaT it Brings peopLe TogetHEr. It's haRD tO PUT a dOLlar value on thAt, or with somEThiNg like My twiTTer feeD that i uSE to Communicate With Other profEssionALs while i'M at work. it's excItiNg, aNd beCAuSe Of tHaT ExcITeMenT LevEl I am optImIsTic." 173 teChnoLOGY ImprOveS quaLity oF TD2 "I am an optimIst. over TIme TechnOlogy Will CoNtinuE to devElop aNd Make improvementS in oUr quality Of lIfE." TD6 "weAlth oF KnowleDge At oUr fingeRtips, I'm OPtiMiSTIC aBout this. It can be valId OR InValid ansWers, buT It'S tHEre." TS4 "So I FeEl pOsitIVE and oPtimIStIc about wHat tecHNoLoGy can do FoR our stUdEntS in The clASsroOm in thE future." lIfe reADy access to infoRMation technolOGy WILl HElp sTudEnts TechnolOgicAL pesSimiSM. WHilE The caTegorY TEChNOlogical optimism was AsSociatEd witH 28 out of the 31 partIcipants, thE CONtrastinG vieW teCHnological pessImism Was not as prEValent. TeChnolOgical peSsimism inVOLved 14 codiNg iNstAncEs fROM 6 dOcuments and 6 paRTIcipAnTs. An exaMplE of TechNolOgiCal PesSiMism is TD12 sTated in rEsPoNsE tO thE last INterview QuEstIoN: It Would NOt be haRd for Me to EnViSIon A fairly DYsTOPian FuTuRe arOunD a SchooL of oNE tyPe of modEl, where thE maJOritY oF iNstructIon is directed By Computers wItH liTtle huMAN interacTion, and that justificatioN Is throuGh mUltipLe chOice types Of eXaminaTioNS. A notaBle finDing iS tHat TEChnolOGY lEadErS can assess THE vaLue of ThE samE technoLogical innovation iN DifFerent ways, witH onE looKINg At sOMeTHinG wITh oPTImism, and another With pessimIsM. in Response to THe lAsT intervIew quesTion cONcerned With imagiNing futurIsTic tECHnoLogy, TD3 statEd: I'm an opTimist, theRE will BE tEchnoLogY that wIlL heLp us mOve forWArd, And heLp studEnTs. It maY sounD cRazy but wE're not too far from the possIbilitY o f haVinG memory deVicES thAt connect DireCtly to the bRaiN, it'S moviNg iN That dIrecTIoN, wiTH techNoloGY offering INfOrmATIoN dumps direcTLY To tHe braIn. IN ImaginIng fUturistic technoloGY and devices conNectED DirEctLY to tHe Brain, TD3 viewed tHis WiTH Optimism. in Contrast, TS14, iN responsE tO The saMe inteRview qUestion, AND aFTer expRessIng Optimism aBouT tEChnologIcAl INnovatIons SuCh as moTion caPTure AND sensitivity to huMan geSTUres, sTAteD: 174 On otHeR hand, I aM A
 be using technology to su pport diff erent iat ion ,andpers onal explorati o n, a nd individualized lear ning,  a n d re a ll y dosome th i ng s wit hpe opl e. "  T S4 "I  al so feel  optimisti c a bo ut technolog y  b ecoming mo reaffordable.The re's s om eti m es di spa ritywith t e chnolo gy, but i t' s  becom i ng more e qu itab le as technologyb ec o mes more affor dable. "T S6 " You  do  lose some  o f you r  privac y  w i t h  so c ial networks,  but the tr a deo ff isth ati t brin gs pe op l e t ogether. It 's h ard to pu t a do l lar val u e on th at, or  wi thsome t hi ng  li ke myT wi tte r  fe ed thatIus e tocomm u n i c atewit h ot her p rofessionalswhi le I ' m a t wor k. It 's e xc iting , andbecau se  of that excite ment  level Iamop tim is tic." 173 te chn olo gy impr oves qu a lit yo f TD 2 "I am an optimis t. O ve r time t echnol o gy  w i ll conti nu e t o de v e lop a nd m a ke  improve mentsi nou r quali ty  of li fe ."TD6  "Wea l th o f know ledge at  ourf ingertips, I'm optimistic ab o ut t hi s . It  ca n be validor i n vali d an s we rs, but i t's t he r e. "  TS4 "So I feel pos it ive an d opt imistic about  what tech n o l ogy cando f o ro ur students in  theclassroomi n the fu ture. " life r eady acce s s  to info rma tio n t ech n o lo gy will helps t uden ts  Techno log ical pe ssi mis m.Whi le  the cate gory Tec hn ol og ic aloptim i sm was a ss oci at edwith2 8 outof th e 31  p ar t ici pants,t he c ontr as ti ng v iew  T echno logi c alpessimi sm was no t a s  pre va le nt. Tec hnological pe ss imism invo lv ed14 cod i n g instan ces from 6 documents an d  6 part ici pants . An  exampleofTechno log i cal pe ssimis m isTD 12s t atedi n  r esp on se to thel a stinter vi ew q uestion : It would not beh ard  for me to en vis iona fa irl y  d y sto pi a n f u t ure around a sc hool of on et yp e of model ,  wh er e the m ajority  of i n structi on is dir ected byco mput e r s w ith little  human i nteractio n , and th at ju sti ficati on  is  thro ugh mu l tip le ch oice t yp es ofexami na tions. A  notable finding is tha t tech nolog y l eaders ca n a s ses s the val ue o f the same  te chn ologi cal innov atio n  i n d i ffere nt w a ys, witho ne  lo o k in g at someth i n g  wi th op tim i sm, an d an other with pessim i sm. In respons e to t helas t  int er view questioncon ce r n ed withim agining fut uristicte c hnolo gy, TD 3 stat ed: I'm a no ptimis t, t her e will be  te ch n ology t ha tw ill he lp u smove f orward ,  and h elp students. It  mays o und c r azy  butwe 're not toofar from t he possibil ity of ha vingmemoryde vicestha tconnect di r ectly tothe b rain, i t' s mo vin g in t hatd i recti on,wi thtechnolog y of f er in g  in form ation  d umps  directly to the b rai n . In im ag ini n g  futur i st i c  technolog y a nd de v i ces connec t ed d i re c tly t o thebrain,  TD3 vi e wed  t his wit h o p t imism. In  contrast ,  TS 14 , in  respons eto t he  sa me  interview ques tion, an d aftere x pressi ngo ptim i sm abo ut  technologic al in no v ationss u chas moti o n c apt ure  and  se nsit i vity to human gestures,stat ed: 1 7 4 O n oth er ha nd , I am a 
 be_using technology_to support differentiation, and_personal exploration,_and_individualized learning,_and_really do some_things with people."_TS4 "I also feel_optimistic about technology_becoming_more affordable. There's sometimes disparity with technology, but it's becoming more equitable as technology_becomes_more affordable."_TS6_"You_do lose some of your_privacy with social networks, but_the tradeoff_is that it brings people together. It's hard_to_put a dollar_value on that, or with something like my Twitter_feed that I use to communicate_with other professionals_while_I'm_at work. It's exciting,_and because of that excitement level_I am optimistic." 173 technology improves_quality of TD2 "I am an optimist._Over time technology will continue to_develop and make improvements in_our quality_of life." TD6 "Wealth of_knowledge at our_fingertips, I'm_optimistic about this._It can be valid or invalid_answers, but it's_there." TS4 "So I feel positive_and_optimistic about what_technology_can_do for_our students in_the_classroom in_the_future." life ready access to information_technology_will help students Technological pessimism. While the_category Technological optimism was_associated_with 28 out of_the 31 participants, the contrasting_view Technological pessimism was not as_prevalent. Technological_pessimism involved_14 coding instances from 6 documents and 6 participants. An example_of Technological pessimism is TD12 stated_in response to the_last interview_question:_It would not_be_hard for_me to envision a fairly dystopian future_around a_school of one type of model,_where the majority of_instruction_is directed by computers with little_human interaction, and that justification is_through multiple choice types of_examinations._A_notable finding is that technology_leaders can assess the value of_the same technological_innovation in different ways, with one looking_at_something with optimism, and another with_pessimism._In response to the last interview_question_concerned_with imagining futuristic technology, TD3_stated: I'm an optimist, there will_be technology that will help us move forward, and_help students. It_may sound crazy but we're_not_too_far from the possibility o f having memory devices that_connect directly_to the brain,_it's moving in that direction, with technology offering information dumps_directly to the brain. In imagining futuristic_technology and devices connected directly to the brain, TD3 viewed this_with optimism. In contrast, TS14, in response to_the same interview question, and after expressing_optimism about technological innovations_such_as motion capture and sensitivity to human_gestures,_stated:_174_On other hand,_I am a