ano, Marco. Ethica Nicomachea V 1-15: Tratado da Justiça. Tradução e comentário de Marco Zingano, texto grego de Susemihl. Odysseus 2017. © 2017 The Author. Journal compilation © 2017 Institute of Philosophy SAS Organon F 24 (3) 2017: 339-365 The Truth about Sherlock Holmes FREDRIK HARALDSEN1 ABSTRACT: According to possibilism, or non-actualism, fictional characters are possible individuals. Possibilist accounts of fiction do not only assign the intuitively correct truth-conditions to sentences in a fiction, but has the potential to provide powerful explanatory models for a wide range of phenomena associated with fiction (though these two aspects of possibilism are, I argue, crucially distinct). Apart from the classic defense by David Lewis the idea of modeling fiction in terms of possible worlds have been widely criticized. In this article, I provide a defense of a possibilist account against some lines of criticism. To do so, I assume that names for fictional characters are directly referential and a possible-worlds model that accommodates transworld identity. On this background, I argue, it is possible to construct an elegant model of fictional discourse using familiar models of information exchange in ordinary discourse, and I sketch how this model can be used to i) make a natural distinction between fictional and counterfactual discourse, ii) account for creativity, and iii) sustain a natural definition of truth-in-fiction that avoids certain familiar objections to possibilism. Though I set aside questions about the metaphysical commitments of a possible-world interpretation here, there is accordingly reason to think that the battle over possibilist treatments of fiction will have to be fought over metaphysical foundations rather than technical shortcomings. KEYWORDS: Creativity – fiction – non-actualism – possibilism – truth-in-fiction. 1 Received: 20 April 2017 / Accepted: 20 July 2017  Fredrik Haraldsen SASPRO/Marie Curie Fellow Institute of Philosophy Slovak Academy of Sciences Klemensova 19, Bratislava 831 64, Slovakia e-mail: fredrikhar@yahoo.no 340 F R E D R I K H A R A L D S E N 1. Introduction Realists about fictional characters are committed to an ontology of fictional characters. A benefit of realism is the ability to make relatively straightforward sense of talk about
ano, Marco. Ethica Nicomachea V 1 - 15: Tratado da Justiça. Tradução e comentário de Marco Zingano, texto grego de Susemihl. Odysseus 2017. © 2017 The Author. Journal compilation © 2017 Institute of Philosophy SAS Organon F 24 (3) 2017: 339 - 365 The Truth about Sherlock Holmes FREDRIK HARALDSEN1 ABSTRACT: According to possibilism, or non - actualism, fictional character are potential individuals. Possibilist accounts of fabrication do not only arrogate the intuitively correct truth - circumstance to sentences in a fiction, but have the potential to provide herculean explanatory models for a wide range of phenomenon associated with fiction (though these two aspects of possibilism are, I argue, crucially distinct). Apart from the authoritative defense by David Lewis the idea of modeling fabrication in terms of possible populace have been widely knock. In this article, I provide a defense of a possibilist account against some lines of criticism. To do therefore, I assume that names for fictional characters are directly referential and a possible - worlds model that accommodates transworld identity. On this background, I argue, it is possible to construct an elegant model of fictional discourse using familiar model of information exchange in average sermon, and I sketch how this mannequin can be used to i) make a lifelike distinction between fabricated and counterfactual discourse, ii) account for creativity, and iii) sustain a lifelike definition of truth - in - fiction that avoids certain familiar objections to possibilism. Though I fructify aside questions about the metaphysical commitments of a possible - world rendition here, there is consequently reason to think that the battle over possibilist treatments of fiction will have to be fight over metaphysical foundations rather than technical shortcomings. KEYWORDS: Creativity – fabrication – non - actualism – possibilism – truth - in - fabrication. 1 Received: 20 April 2017 / Accepted: 20 July 2017  Fredrik Haraldsen SASPRO / Marie Curie Fellow Institute of Philosophy Slovak Academy of Sciences Klemensova 19, Bratislava 831 64, Slovakia e - mail: fredrikhar@yahoo.no 340 F R E five hundred R I K H A roentgen A L D S E N 1. presentation Realists about fictional character are committed to an ontology of fabricated characters. A benefit of realism is the ability to make relatively straightforward sense of lecture about
ano, Marco. Ethica Nicomachea V 1-15: Tratado da Lystiça. Vradução s comentáfio de Marco Zingano, texto gcego de Sysemihl. Odysseus 2017. © 2017 Thd Author. Uournal xompmlation © 2017 Institnfe of Pmnlosolmy SAV Organon F 24 (3) 2017: 339-365 The Truth about Sherlocn Fopmes FREDRIK HARALDSEN1 ABSTRACT: Accjrding yo possibilism, ot non-sstuampsn, fictional characters are poasible pndividuals. Possinilist accounts of fiction do jot only assign thf intuitiveoy cjerect truth-cunditions uo sentences in a fiction, but has the potengial co provide kosegxul explanavory mjdels for a wide rance of pnenomena assoclated wirh fiction (though theve two aspects of kossibilisk cre, I argue, crucially dustinwt). A[art droo tge cmassic dehense by Dabid Lewis tye idea of modeling fybyion in terma of pjsfible worlds have been widely criticizeg. Ih this article, I providw a defense of a posslbilist ascount against some lines of criticism. To do so, I assujd tkqt naows for fictional characters are directly referegfisl and a possiblc-worlds model that afcpimodates tranrworld idsntity. On this bacnground, I artue, it is posxible to construct an elegabt model of yicrional discourse uding familicr modgls of information exchange iu ordihary discougse, and I rketch how this oodvl cdn be usta to i) make a nattral distmnctipn betwden gictiogal and coknterndctual discourse, il) acclutt for crewtivity, and iii) sustain a naturek definition ox tguth-in-ficcion tmat avoids certwin familiar oyjectionf to oossibilisj. Thougi I set asidq questions atlut the meta'hysical sommutmebts of x possible-world interprenauion here, rhere is accordingky tezson to think tkct the battle ovet pussybplixt dreatments ox fiztium wilu have uj ne wougnt over metaphysical fouhdations rather thsn technicql shortsomings. KEYWOTDS: Creativity – fiftion – nun-actialysm – possibilism – truth-in-fictikn. 1 Receiged: 20 April 2017 / Acseptcd: 20 Tuly 2017  Frebrik Haraldsen SASPRO/Marie Curie Fellow Mnstitute of Philosophi Slovak Academy of Seitnces Klemenspva 19, Fratislavd 831 64, Slovakia e-mail: feedrikhar@yahoo.no 340 F R E D R I K H A R Z L D V E N 1. Introduction Realists about fictional characters are committed to an onrology of fictionam chsractvrs. C benefyt oh cealism is the abplity to make relatively straighvforward sanfe of talk about
ano, Marco. Ethica Nicomachea V 1-15: Tratado Tradução comentário de Zingano, texto grego 2017 Author. Journal compilation 2017 Institute of SAS Organon F 24 (3) 2017: The Truth about Sherlock Holmes FREDRIK HARALDSEN1 ABSTRACT: According to possibilism, or non-actualism, characters are possible individuals. Possibilist accounts of fiction do not only assign the correct to in fiction, but has the potential to provide powerful explanatory models for a wide range of phenomena with fiction (though these two aspects of possibilism I argue, crucially distinct). from the classic defense by Lewis idea of fiction terms possible worlds have widely criticized. In this article, I provide a defense of a possibilist account against some lines of To do assume that for characters directly referential and model that accommodates transworld identity. On argue, it is possible to construct an elegant of fictional using familiar models of information exchange ordinary discourse, and I sketch how this model be used to i) make a natural distinction between fictional and counterfactual discourse, ii) account and iii) sustain a definition of truth-in-fiction avoids familiar to Though I aside questions about the metaphysical commitments of a possible-world interpretation here, is accordingly reason to think that the battle over possibilist fiction have to be over metaphysical foundations rather technical KEYWORDS: Creativity – fiction – – 20 2017 Accepted: 20 July 2017 Fredrik Haraldsen SASPRO/Marie Curie Fellow of Philosophy Slovak Academy 831 64, Slovakia e-mail: fredrikhar@yahoo.no 340 F R D R I K H A R L D S E N 1. Introduction Realists about fictional characters are to an fictional characters. A benefit of realism is the to make relatively straightforward of talk about
ano, Marco. Ethica Nicomachea V 1-15: tratado da JUstiçA. TrAduÇãO e coMentÁrio de Marco ZinGAno, tExto grego de Susemihl. OdySseus 2017. © 2017 thE authOR. JOurnaL compilATiON © 2017 insTiTuTe oF PHIlOsophY SAs OrganoN F 24 (3) 2017: 339-365 The Truth AboUt sherlock HolmES FrEDRIK HARAlDSeN1 ABSTRACT: AcCorDing to PoSsiBIlism, Or nOn-actUalism, FIctionAl charactErS Are posSIble indIVIdUals. possibilist accounTS oF Fiction do not onLy assiGn THe INTuiTivEly correct TrUth-coNDitions TO sENTEncES in a fiction, buT has the poteNTiaL to proViDe pOWerful ExplaNaTOry Models for a wIde rAnge of pheNomena ASsociatED with fiCtion (tHouGh tHese TWo AsPecTs OF poSSiBilISm aRe, I argue, CrUcIally DistINCT). aparT frOm thE clasSic defense by DAviD LewIS thE idea Of modElinG fIctioN in terMs of pOsSible worlds have Been Widely criTicIzEd. IN tHis arTIcle, I pRovIde A defensE of a posSIbiLiST ACcOunt against some linEs OF CrIticism. TO do so, I ASsUmE That nameS fOr fIctiONAl chaRactERs Are direcTly refEReNtIal and a PoSsible-WoRldS moDel thAT accOmmodaTes transWorld IDentity. On this bACkground, I arguE, It IS PoSSiblE to Construct an ElegANt moDel oF FiCtiONal diScourSe USiNG familiar models of inFoRmatioN exchAnge in ordinarY discourse, AND i sketch hOw thIS mODel can be used to I) make A natural diSTinction BetweEn fictioNal and couNTErfactuaL diScoUrsE, ii) ACCoUnt for creativITY, and IiI) sustaiN a nAtural dEfiNitIon Of tRuTh-in-fictiOn that avOiDs CeRtAin FamilIAr objectIoNs tO pOssIbiliSM. ThougH I set AsidE qUeSTioNs about THe METaphYsIcAl coMmiTmEnts oF a poSSibLe-world InterpretAtiON herE, tHeRe is accOrdingly reasoN tO think that ThE baTtle ovER PossibilIst treatments of fiction wILl have tO be FoughT oveR metaphysIcaL foundAtiONs rathEr than TechnIcAl sHORtcomINGs. kEYwOrDS: CreativITY – fiCtion – NoN-actUalism – pOssibilism – truth-in-fICtiOn. 1 Received: 20 AprIl 2017 / ACcepTED: 20 JUly 2017  fReDRik haRAldSEN SASPRO/Marie CurIe Fellow InStITuTe of PhilosOPhy slOvak AcaDemy of SCiencES KlemenSova 19, BratiSlava 831 64, SlovAkIa e-mAIL: frEdrikhar@yaHoo.no 340 F R E d R I K H A R A L d s E N 1. InTRoDuctiOn REalistS aBouT fictIonal cHAraCters Are comMiTted to An ontOlOgy of ficTional characters. A benefiT of reaLism iS thE ability tO maKE reLatively sTraiGhtforward SenSe oF talk AboUT
ano, Marco. Ethica Nicomac hea V 1-15 : Tra tad o d aJust iça.  Tradução e co m entá rio de Marco Zingano,texto  g r egod eSusem ihl. Od y ss e u s 2 01 7.  ©20 1 7The A uth or. Jou rnal compi lat io n © 2017 Ins t it ute of Phi los ophy SAS Org ano n F 24  ( 3)2 017:339 -365The Tr u th abo ut Sherlo ck Holmes FREDRIK H AR ALDS EN1 ABSTRACT: Acc o rd i ng to possibil ism, o rn on - a ctu ali sm, fictio na l cha r actersa re p o ssi b le individual s. Possibil i staccoun ts  of fictio n dono t  on ly assign t he i ntuitivel y corr e ct trut h -condit ions t o s ent ence s  i na f ic t ion ,  b uth asthe pote nt ia l toprov i d e powe rfu l ex plana tory models f ora wi d e r angeof ph enom en a ass ociate d wit hfiction (though  the se two as pec ts  of  p ossib i lism a re,  Iargue,crucial l y d is t i n ct ). Apart from thecl a s si c defens e by D a vi dL ewis the  i dea  ofm o delin g fi c ti on in te rms of po ss ible wo rl ds hav ebee n w idely crit icized . In thi s art i cle, I provide a defense ofa  p o s si b ilis t a ccount agai nsts omeline s  o f c r itici sm. T od os o, I assume that na me s forficti onal characte rs are dir e c t ly refer enti a la nd a possible- world s model th a t accomm odate s transw orld iden t i ty. On t his  ba ckg rou n d ,I argue, it i s poss ib le to c ons truct a n e leg ant  mo de l of fict ional di sc ou rs eusi ng fa m iliar mo de lsof  in forma t ion ex chang e in  o rd i nar y disco u rs e ,  and  I  s ketc h h ow  this  mod e l c an be u sed to i)  ma k e ana tu ral dis tinction betw ee n fictiona land  count e r factualdiscourse, ii) accountf or crea tiv ity,andiii) sust ain  a nat ura l  defin itionof tr ut h-i n - ficti o n  t hat  a voids cert a i n f amili ar  obj ections  to possibilism. T h oug h I set aside  qu esti o n sabo u tt heme t aph y s ical commitment s of a pos si b le -world int e rpr et ation h ere, th ere i s  accord ingly rea son to th in k th a t  th e battle o ver poss ibilist t r eatme n ts  of f ict ion wi ll  ha ve to  be fo u ght  over  metap hy sicalfound at ions rat her than technical shor tcomin gs. K EYW ORDS: Cre ati v ity  – fictio n –non-actual ism  –possi bil i sm –trut h -i n-f i ction . 1R eceived:2 0Apr i l  2 017 / Accep t e d : 2 0 Jul y 2 0 17  F redr ik Haraldsen SASP R O/Marie CurieFell o w  In sti t uteof  Philosophy Sl ova kA c ademy of  S ciences Kle mensova19 ,  Brat islava  831 6 4, Slov a k ia e-mail : fr edr ikhar@yah oo. no 340 F R  E  D R I KH ARA L DS E N1 . In t r oduction Realist s abo u t  fict i ona l cha ra cters a r e co mmitted to  an ontolog y of f icti onalcharact er s. A b ene fi t of reali s m is theabili ty to m ak e re lat ivelystra i g htfor ward  s ens e of talk a bo u t
ano, Marco._Ethica Nicomachea_V 1-15: Tratado da_Justiça. Tradução_e_comentário de_Marco_Zingano, texto grego_de Susemihl. Odysseus_2017. © 2017 The_Author. Journal compilation_©_2017 Institute of Philosophy SAS Organon F 24 (3) 2017: 339-365 The Truth about_Sherlock_Holmes FREDRIK_HARALDSEN1_ABSTRACT:_According to possibilism, or non-actualism,_fictional characters are possible individuals._Possibilist accounts_of fiction do not only assign the intuitively_correct_truth-conditions to sentences_in a fiction, but has the potential to provide_powerful explanatory models for a wide_range of phenomena_associated_with_fiction (though these two_aspects of possibilism are, I argue,_crucially distinct). Apart from the classic_defense by David Lewis the idea of_modeling fiction in terms of possible_worlds have been widely criticized._In this_article, I provide a defense_of a possibilist_account against_some lines of_criticism. To do so, I assume_that names for_fictional characters are directly referential and_a_possible-worlds model that_accommodates_transworld_identity. On_this background, I_argue,_it is_possible_to construct an elegant model of_fictional_discourse using familiar models of information exchange_in ordinary discourse, and_I_sketch how this model_can be used to i)_make a natural distinction between fictional_and counterfactual_discourse, ii)_account for creativity, and iii) sustain a natural definition of truth-in-fiction_that avoids certain familiar objections to_possibilism. Though I set_aside questions_about_the metaphysical commitments_of_a possible-world_interpretation here, there is accordingly reason to_think that_the battle over possibilist treatments of_fiction will have to_be_fought over metaphysical foundations rather than_technical shortcomings. KEYWORDS: Creativity – fiction_– non-actualism – possibilism –_truth-in-fiction._1_Received: 20 April 2017 /_Accepted: 20 July 2017  Fredrik_Haraldsen SASPRO/Marie Curie_Fellow Institute of Philosophy Slovak Academy of_Sciences_Klemensova 19, Bratislava 831 64, Slovakia_e-mail:_fredrikhar@yahoo.no 340 F R E D_R_I_K H A R A_L D S E N 1._Introduction Realists about fictional characters are committed to an_ontology of fictional_characters. A benefit of realism_is_the_ability to make relatively straightforward sense of talk about