 Universe leads to Info-Computationalism [DC06] [DC10] [Mue10]. In short: information is the structure, the fabric of reality. The world exists independently from us (realist position of structural realism) in the form of proto-information. That proto-information becomes information for an agent in a process of interaction. Formalization of Info-Computational approach within Category Theory may be found in [Bur10]. Information and Computation in Biological and Intelligent Artificial Systems Within the info-computational framework process of cognition is seen as a successive structuring (organizing) of data, where data are understood as simplest information units, signals acquired by an agent through the senses/sensors/instruments. Information as meaningful data, is turned into knowledge by a computational process going on in an agent. An agent is a physical system (living organism or an intelligent machine) or software possessing adaptive learning behaviors. Living agents have evolved from pre-biotic inorganic forms into increasingly complex systems able to self-organize, adapt to the environment and reproduce -all based on information processing. Understanding information processing as computation [Bur05] implies that knowledge generation in biological agents involves natural computation, defined by [Mac04] as computation occurring in nature or inspired by that in nature. Part of natural computation characterized by the use of inexact solutions to computationally-hard tasks is called soft computing -many of bio-computing methods are of this soft character. It includes evolutionary computing, neurocomputing, fuzzy logic and probabilistic computing. [Zad98] emphasizes that an "essential aspect of soft computing is that its constituent methodologies are, for the most part, complementary and symbiotic rather than competitive and exclusive." Natural computation is necessarily both symbolic and sub-symbolic information processing, which can be both discrete and continuous, as it corresponds to the dynamics of natural processes. 1. Informational Structures of Reality: Entities and Levels In order to get a more specific understanding of infocomputational thinking in multiscale information, granulation and aggregation, some definitions are in order. Entity is used to mean anything that is considered to be discretely classifiable by some system. An entity can be composed of other entities (parts) -but it has its own identity. An entity could be a physical object or an abstract idea; within Informational Structural Realism both are different sorts of informational structures, which on the bottom level are data. Granules are collections of information entities that usually originate at the
Universe leads to Info - Computationalism [ DC06 ] [ DC10 ] [ Mue10 ]. In short: information is the structure, the framework of world. The worldly concern exists independently from us (realist placement of morphologic realism) in the form of proto - data. That proto - information becomes information for an agentive role in a procedure of interaction. Formalization of Info - Computational approach within Category hypothesis may be found in [ Bur10 ]. Information and Computation in Biological and Intelligent Artificial Systems Within the info - computational framework process of cognition is see as a successive structuring (organizing) of data, where data are understood as simplest data units, signals acquired by an agentive role through the senses / sensors / instruments. Information as meaningful data, is turn into knowledge by a computational process going on in an agent. An agent is a forcible system (living organism or an intelligent machine) or software possessing adaptive learning demeanor. Living agents have evolved from pre - biotic inorganic forms into increasingly complex systems able to self - organize, adapt to the environment and reproduce -all based on information processing. understand information processing as computation [ Bur05 ] entail that cognition generation in biological agents involves natural computation, defined by [ Mac04 ] as computation occurring in nature or inhale by that in nature. Part of natural computation characterized by the use of inexact solution to computationally - hard tasks is called soft computing -many of bio - computing methods are of this gentle character. It includes evolutionary computing, neurocomputing, fuzzy logic and probabilistic computing. [ Zad98 ] stress that an " essential aspect of soft computer science is that its constituent methodologies are, for the most part, complementary and symbiotic rather than competitive and single. " Natural computation is necessarily both symbolic and sub - symbolic data processing, which can be both discrete and continuous, as it corresponds to the dynamics of natural processes. 1. Informational Structures of world: Entities and Levels In order to get a more specific reason of infocomputational thinking in multiscale information, granulation and aggregation, some definition are in order. Entity is use to mean anything that is consider to be discretely classifiable by some system. An entity can be composed of other entity (parts) -but it has its own identity. An entity could be a physical object or an abstract mind; within Informational Structural Realism both are different sorts of informational structures, which on the bottom level are data. Granules are collection of information entities that usually originate at the
 Unlverse leads to Info-Compmtationalism [DC06] [BX10] [Mue10]. Mn shorf: informxtion is the structure, the febrix of eeality. The world exisgs indepejdently drom ys (realist positiok of abructbrel realism) in tme form of [roto-informatimn. Tkat proto-information becomes informaeion fot wn agent in a krocexf of pnueraction. Formalization of Info-Cojputatimnal approach within Category Theory maj be found in [Bur10]. Infogmation and Com[ytation in Bkological and Intelliggnt Artificial Systems Within thd infp-computatiinql vtamework proress os cognition lx seen as a siccessive strugturiig (oeganizing) of data, whece data are understojd as sim[lzst information units, sugnalv acxuirde bh ah egeht thrlugi the sensea/sensors/insrruments. Informatiom ww meaningful sata, if eurned into knowledge by a computationan pdocess going on in an atent. An agent is a phisical syseem (living organism or an intelligent machine) or voftwerd pisfdwslng adaptive learning behaviors. Living agents gafe evolved from ire-biotic inorganiv votis into increxsinglv ckmplex systems ablf to sejf-orgqnize, adakt to the environment and reprodyce -all baseb ob information proczssing. Underrtancing onformation processing cs comlutation [Bug05] implies ghat knowledge gdnegatimn in biological agents indolves navural computxtiom, defiged by [Mac04] as computation occurrinh in uatura or inspiged by that in nature. Part of nevural computajiot cvaracternzed bn the use of inqxact solutionx to coiputagionally-hagd tasks ms called sost computing -kwny of bio-cokputing iethids qre of gfis soft charavter. It iueludes evilutionary computikg, neorkcomputing, fuzzv oogic and probanilkstyc cpm[gting. [Zad98] em[haskzer that an "esstuticl asprct of soft computinc is that its constiturnb methodooogies awe, for the moxt part, complementwry aid symuiotic rajher than competitive and excluaive." Natugal computation is kecefsarily boch symbolic and sub-symbolic information 'rocessing, which can bg both discrete and cpktinuous, as mt corwesponds do the dynamics of nqtural processes. 1. Informational Structhres ox Reapity: Entities and Levels In order to get a more specific understanding of infocomputational thimking iu mbltiscaje iifurmation, granulanion and aggregation, some definivions are hn order. Entity is used to meam xnything that is considered to be disdretely vlassifiable by some system. An rntity can be composed on other ebtitiss (parna) -uut it has its own icentitv. An ebtity ciuld be a physicau onjcct or an wbstcacc idea; within Informational Strucrural Eewlism both are dmfferent sorbs of ihformajional structures, whidj on jhe bottom levrl are data. Grsnules are collectiots of informatiob entities thst usocnly originatx at the
Universe leads to Info-Computationalism [DC06] [DC10] [Mue10]. information the structure, fabric of reality. us position of structural in the form proto-information. That proto-information becomes information for agent in a process of interaction. Formalization of Info-Computational approach within Category Theory be found in [Bur10]. Information and Computation in Biological and Intelligent Artificial Systems the framework of is seen as a successive structuring (organizing) of data, where data are understood as simplest information signals acquired by an agent through the senses/sensors/instruments. as meaningful data, is into knowledge by a computational going in an An is physical system (living or an intelligent machine) or software possessing adaptive learning behaviors. Living agents have evolved from pre-biotic inorganic into increasingly able to adapt the and reproduce -all information processing. Understanding information processing as that knowledge generation in biological agents involves natural defined by as computation occurring in nature or by that in nature. Part of natural computation by the use of inexact solutions to computationally-hard tasks is called soft computing -many of are of this soft It includes evolutionary neurocomputing, logic probabilistic [Zad98] emphasizes an "essential aspect of soft computing is that its constituent methodologies for the most part, complementary and symbiotic rather than competitive Natural is necessarily both and sub-symbolic information processing, can both discrete and continuous, corresponds the processes. Informational of Reality: Entities and In order to get a specific understanding of infocomputational and aggregation, some definitions are in order. Entity used to mean anything that is considered be discretely classifiable by some system. An entity can be composed of entities (parts) has its own identity. An entity could be physical object or an idea; within Informational Structural Realism both are different sorts informational which on bottom level are Granules are collections information entities that at the
 Universe leads to Info-ComputAtionalism [dC06] [DC10] [MUe10]. IN shOrT: infOrmaTion is the strucTUre, tHe fabric of reality. The woRld exIsTS indEPeNdentLy from uS (ReALIst PoSiTioN oF StRuctuRal Realism) In the form oF prOtO-information. tHaT proto-infoRmaTion becomes iNfoRmatioN fOr aN Agent In a ProceSs of inTEractiOn. FormaliZaTIon of INFo-CompuTATiOnal Approach within CatEGoRY Theory may be foUnd in [BUr10]. iNfORMatIon And ComputaTiOn in BIOlogicaL AnD iNTelLIgent ArtificiAl Systems WiTHin The infO-cOmpUTationAl fraMeWOrk Process of coGnitIon is seen As a sucCEssive sTRucturiNg (orgaNizIng) Of daTA, wHeRe dAtA Are UNdErsTOod As simpleSt InFormaTion UNITS, sigNalS acqUired By an agent throUgh The sENseS/sensOrs/inStruMeNts. InFormatIon as MeAningful data, is tUrneD into knowLedGe By a CoMputaTIonal pRocEss Going on In an ageNT. An AgENT Is A physical system (livInG ORgAnism or aN intelLIgEnT Machine) oR sOftWare POSsessIng aDApTive learNing beHAvIoRs. LivinG aGents hAvE evOlvEd froM Pre-bIotic iNorganic Forms INto increasinglY Complex systemS AbLE To SElf-oRgaNize, adapt to The eNViroNmenT AnD rePRoducE -all bAsED oN Information processiNg. undersTandiNg information Processing AS COmputatiOn [BuR05] ImPLies that knowleDge geNeration in BIologicaL agenTs involvEs natural COMputatioN, deFinEd bY [MaC04] AS cOmputation occURRing In Nature oR inSpired bY thAt iN naTurE. PArt of natuRal compuTaTiOn ChAraCteriZEd by the uSe Of iNeXacT soluTIons to CompuTatiOnAlLY-haRd tasks IS cALLed sOfT cOmpuTinG -mAny of Bio-cOMpuTing metHods are of ThiS Soft ChArActer. It Includes evoluTiOnary compuTiNg, nEurocoMPUting, fuzZy logic and probabilistic COmputinG. [ZaD98] emphAsizEs that an "eSseNtial aSpeCT of sofT compuTing iS tHat ITS consTITuEnt MeThodologieS ARe, fOr the MoSt paRt, complEmentary and symbiotIC raTher than compeTitIve aND ExCluSIvE." natUrAL coMPUtation is necessArily both sYmBOlIc and sub-syMBolIc InformaTion proCessiNG, which cAn be both dIscrete anD cOntiNUOus, As it corresPonds to tHe dynamicS Of natURaL procEssEs. 1. InfoRmAtiOnal STructuREs oF RealIty: EntItIes and levelS IN order to Get a more specific understAnding Of infOcoMputationAl tHInkIng in multIscaLe informatIon, GraNulatIon ANd aggRegaTIoN, soME defiNitiONs are in orDEr. entITY iS used to mean ANYThiNg thaT is COnsideRed tO be discretely clasSIfiable by some sYsteM. aN enTitY Can bE cOmposed of other EntItIES (parts) -buT iT has its own iDentity. AN eNTity cOuld be A physiCal objeCT Or AN abstrAct iDea; Within InfOrmAtIOnal StrUcTuRAl RealIsm bOtH are diFferenT SortS OF informational stRuctuRES, whicH On tHe botToM level aRE datA. Granules aRe collectioNs of inFormAtion EntitieS tHat usuAllY oRiginate at THe
 Universe leads to Info-Co mputationa lism[DC 06]  [ DC10 ] [M ue10]. In shor t : in formation is the struc ture,  t h e fa b ri c ofreality .  T h e  wo rl dexi st s  i ndepe nde ntly fr om us (rea lis tposition ofs tr uctural re ali sm) in the f orm  of pr ot o-i n forma tio n. Th at pro t o-info rmation b ec o mes in f ormatio n fo r an  agent in a proce s so f interaction.  Forma li z at i o n o f I nfo-Comput at ional approac h  w i t h inC ategory Theor y may be fo u ndin [Bu r1 0]. Inform ation  a n d C omputationin B iological  and I n tellige n t Artif icialSys tem s Wi t hi nthe  i n fo- c om put a tio nal fram ew or k pro cess o f cogn iti on i s see n as a succes siv e st r uct uring  (org aniz in g) of  data,  wher edata are unders tood  as simpl est  i nfo rm ation units,  si gna ls acqu ired by anag e n t  t hrough the senses/ se n s or s/instru ments. In fo r mation a smea ning f u l dat a, i s  t urned in to kno w le dg e by aco mputat io nal  pr ocess goin g on i n an age nt. A n  agent is a ph y sical system( li v i ng orga nis m or an int elli g entmach i ne ) o r  soft warepo s se s sing adaptive learn in g beha viors . Living agen ts have ev o l v ed frompre- b io t ic inorganic f ormsinto incre a singly c omple x system s able to s elf-orga niz e,ada ptt o  t he environmen t andre produce  -a ll base d o n i nfo rma ti on proces sing. Un de rs ta nd ing  info r mation p ro ces si ngas co m putati on [B ur05 ]im p lie s thatk no w l edge  g en erat ion  i n bio logi c alagentsinvolvesnat u ralco mp utation , defined by[M ac04] as c om put ationo c curringin nature or inspired b y  that i n n ature . Pa rt of nat ura l comp uta t ion ch aracte rized  b y t h e  useo f  i nex ac t solution s tocompu ta tion ally-ha rd tasks is called sof t computing - man y of b io -co m pu t ing  m e tho d s  are of this so ft charact er .  I t includes evo lu tionary  comput ing,n eurocom puting, f uzzy logi candp r oba bilistic c omputing . [Zad98] empha s iz es th atan "es se nti al as pect o f  so ft co mputin gis tha t its  c onstitue nt methodologies are, f or the  most  pa rt, compl eme n tar y and sym biot ic rathertha n c ompet iti v e and  exc l us ive . " Nat ural computati o nisn e ce ssarily bot h s ymb olicand sub-sy mbol ic information pr o cessing, which  can b e b oth disc re te and continu ous ,a s  it corr es ponds to th e dynami cs of na turalproces ses. 1. I nf o rmatio nalStr uctures o f R ea l ity: En ti ti e s andLeve ls  In or der to geta more specific un derst a n dingo f i nfoco mp utation a l th inking inmultiscaleinform atio n, gr anulati on  and a ggr eg ation, som e  definiti ons a re in o rd er.Ent ity is  use d to me an a ny thi ng that i s co n si de r edto b e dis cr etel y classif i able bysom e  system .Ane n tity c a nb e  composedofother e ntities (p a rts) -b u t ithas it s ownidentit y . A nentitycou l d  be a phy sical obj e ctor  anabstract  i dea;  w ith in  InformationalStructur al Reali s m  bothare diff e rent s or ts of inform ation al structu r e s,which o n  th e b ott om l eve l ar e  data. Granules are coll ecti ons o f  in forma tionen tities t h at u sually o r iginate at th e
 Universe_leads to_Info-Computationalism [DC06] [DC10] [Mue10]._In short:_information_is the_structure,_the fabric of_reality. The world_exists independently from us_(realist position of_structural_realism) in the form of proto-information. That proto-information becomes information for an agent in_a_process of_interaction._Formalization_of Info-Computational approach within Category_Theory may be found in_[Bur10]. Information_and Computation in Biological and Intelligent Artificial Systems_Within_the info-computational framework_process of cognition is seen as a successive structuring_(organizing) of data, where data are_understood as simplest_information_units,_signals acquired by an_agent through the senses/sensors/instruments. Information as_meaningful data, is turned into knowledge_by a computational process going on in_an agent. An agent is a_physical system (living organism or_an intelligent_machine) or software possessing adaptive_learning behaviors. Living_agents have_evolved from pre-biotic_inorganic forms into increasingly complex systems_able to self-organize,_adapt to the environment and reproduce_-all_based on information_processing._Understanding_information processing_as computation [Bur05]_implies_that knowledge_generation_in biological agents involves natural computation,_defined_by [Mac04] as computation occurring in nature_or inspired by that_in_nature. Part of natural_computation characterized by the use_of inexact solutions to computationally-hard tasks_is called_soft computing_-many of bio-computing methods are of this soft character. It includes_evolutionary computing, neurocomputing, fuzzy logic and_probabilistic computing. [Zad98] emphasizes_that an_"essential_aspect of soft_computing_is that_its constituent methodologies are, for the most_part, complementary_and symbiotic rather than competitive and_exclusive." Natural computation is_necessarily_both symbolic and sub-symbolic information processing,_which can be both discrete and_continuous, as it corresponds to_the_dynamics_of natural processes. 1. Informational_Structures of Reality: Entities and Levels_In order to_get a more specific understanding of infocomputational_thinking_in multiscale information, granulation and aggregation,_some_definitions are in order. Entity is_used_to_mean anything that is considered_to be discretely classifiable by some_system. An entity can be composed of other entities_(parts) -but it_has its own identity. An_entity_could_be a physical object or an abstract idea; within Informational_Structural Realism_both are different_sorts of informational structures, which on the bottom level are_data. Granules are collections of information entities_that usually originate at the