uss (2008) paradigm, Technological optimism shows itself to be influential as a condition of interaction and emotion, as technology leaders approach technology as a solution for education with an optimistic attitude. This optimism affects their emotional response to dealing with the pressures of keeping up with technology, and dealing with resistance to technological change in their organizations. Because the research broke new ground, a limitation of the study is that as future qualitative studies are conducted in the substantive area, it may become necessary to modify the substantive theory to accommodate new data (Polit & Beck, 2008). 269 Consider ethical factors associated with technology. Another prevalent approach to technology decision making that was inspired by philosophical views was Consider ethical factors associated with technology. The researcher concludes that this category aligns with the approach to technology and values taken in the national framework for K12 educational technology leadership (Consortium for School Networking, 2011). This framework addresses ethical considerations that are integral to responsible technology leadership. The ethical considerations in the national framework were represented in the participants' responses, including Internet safety, personal privacy, equitable access to technology, copyright compliance, and environmental sustainability. Research Question 3. The third research question was concerned with examining what assumptions characterized by technological determinism were present in leaders' thinking or decision making. As explained in the implications for Research Question 1 the perspective Technological change is inevitable was a widespread philosophy of technology perspective. The viewpoint that technology causes inevitable change in society is an assumption associated with technological determinism (Leonardi, 2008; Leonardi, 2009). Data from the study showed that the core category Keep up with technology (or be left behind) was linked with Technological change is inevitable. As explained in the implications for Research Question 2, the researcher argues that Keep up with technology (or be left behind) is a manifestation o f the technological imperative, a philosophical assumption associated with technological determinism (Chandler, 1995, Cukier et al., 2009; Hofmann, 2006). The technological imperative assumes that once technological development is inevitably underway, users should learn to cope with it (Chandler, 1995) 270 because they cannot help but use technology (Leonardi, 2008) and must keep up with it (Strobel & Tillberg-Webb, 2009). The phenomenon of the core category, Keep up with technology (or be left behind), as a manifestation of the technological imperative, is similar to what was found in a qualitative study conducted by Cukier et al. (2009). Using critical hermeneutic analysis and content analysis techniques, Cuk
uss (2008) paradigm, Technological optimism shows itself to be influential as a condition of interaction and emotion, as engineering drawing card approach technology as a solution for department of education with an optimistic position. This optimism affects their emotional reply to deal with the pressures of keep open up with technology, and dealing with resistor to technological change in their organizations. Because the inquiry broke new earth, a limitation of the study is that as future qualitative study are conducted in the substantive area, it may become necessary to change the substantive theory to suit new datum (Polit & Beck, 2008). 269 Consider ethical agent associated with technology. Another prevalent overture to technology decision making that was inspired by philosophical views was Consider ethical factors associated with technology. The researcher concludes that this category aligns with the approach to technology and values learn in the national framework for K12 educational engineering leadership (Consortium for School Networking, 2011). This model addresses ethical considerations that are integral to responsible engineering leadership. The ethical considerations in the home framework were represented in the participants' response, including Internet safety, personal privacy, equitable access to technology, copyright compliance, and environmental sustainability. Research Question 3. The third research question was concerned with examining what assumptions characterized by technical determinism were present in leaders' thinking or decisiveness making. As explained in the implications for Research Question 1 the perspective Technological change is inevitable was a far-flung philosophy of technology perspective. The viewpoint that technology causes inevitable change in society is an assumption consort with technological determinism (Leonardi, 2008; Leonardi, 2009). Data from the survey showed that the kernel category keep open up with technology (or be leave behind) was linked with Technological variety is inevitable. As explained in the implications for Research Question 2, the researcher argues that Keep up with technology (or be left behind) is a manifestation o f the technological imperative, a philosophical premise associated with technological determinism (Chandler, 1995, Cukier et al. , 2009; Hofmann, 2006). The technical imperative assumes that once technological development is inevitably underway, users should learn to cope with it (Chandler, 1995) 270 because they cannot avail but use technology (Leonardi, 2008) and must keep up with it (Strobel & Tillberg - Webb, 2009). The phenomenon of the core category, Keep up with technology (or be leave behind), as a materialization of the technological imperative, is similar to what was found in a qualitative study conducted by Cukier et al. (2009). use critical hermeneutic analysis and content analysis proficiency, Cuk
uss (2008) paradigm, Technological optimism shows itself to be influengial as a condition of interectiin ane emotion, as technologh leaders approacy terhnology as a solution for edudwtiou xith an optimisjic attitude. This optimism awfzcts their emotional response to deajing wiyh the pressures of lqepihg up with technology, and dealing sith revistance to trchnological change in thelr ogganizations. Becaude the reseqrch vroke new gruund, a limpcation of tge study is that as future qualktatire studies qrw cltducted in vhe sufstantive arcs, it mdy becoke necessary tp mmdidy the substantive thxory to accommodate gew data ([omit & Beck, 2008). 269 Consieee ethhcal facgirs asaoriafed wihh vechnology. Znother precalent approach to uecrbology decisikn makynd that was inspired by philosophical vitws wzs Consider ethical facrors associated with jechnology. The researcher concludes that this category aligts wivh tht qpproxxh to technology and values taken in the nationwm grsmework for K12 cducational technokohy jeadership (Covsortibj ror School Networklng, 2011). Thys frqmework aqdrexses ethical considerations that are innegrql to responsible cechnology lzadersnip. Tne ethical consideratious in fhe nationap framewody were representdd pn tve participants' responses, yncluding Intzrnet sawety, persogal privacj, equldable access to tefhnollgf, copyrighh compliance, and environmental sustainability. Rasedrch Queftion 3. The third rqsearch questipn was eoncerved with eqamining xhat assumptyons characteslzed by techiological detwrmibism wefd present in lraders' thpnhing or decision makinn. As gxllained in the noklucations for Rrsexrcr Euxstiog 1 the perspewtivd Tdvhnolugical channe ks imevitable was a widevprezd philosophy of trcmnology pgrspectivq. The viewpoimt that technology causxs inetitablr crange in society is an assumptjon assoclatcd with technjloglcal determinixm (Leonardi, 2008; Leonardi, 2009). Data from the stndy showed that the cote category Keep up wntm technology (or bq left bevind) was linked with Technological chsnge is inevitable. As explahned ln the implications for Research Question 2, the researcher argues that Keep up wmtr technologg (or be lvft yehind) ys a oanifestation o g the technological imperative, e philosopvieal assumption associated witn gechnological determinism (Chandler, 1995, Chkier et al., 2009; Hofmann, 2006). The technological imperative assumes that once texhnolkgical devxlopment is inevitabky undzrway, ysers syoulf learn to cooe eibh it (Chanfler, 1995) 270 because they cannot help but usw techbopogy (Leonardi, 2008) aid must keep mp witg it (Sjrobel & Tillberg-Wsbb, 2009). Hhe pfenomenon of yhe core categpry, Keep up with tecvnjlogy (or be ledn behind), as a manifevtation of tie technologhcal imperative, is similar to what was found in a qoalitative atudy cokducted by Cukier xt al. (2009). Using critical hevmenettic anauysis and cottent analysis techniques, Cuk
uss (2008) paradigm, Technological optimism shows itself influential a condition interaction and emotion, as solution for education an optimistic attitude. optimism affects their emotional response to with the pressures of keeping up with technology, and dealing with resistance to change in their organizations. Because the research broke new ground, a limitation of study that future studies are conducted in the substantive area, it may become necessary to modify the substantive theory accommodate new data (Polit & Beck, 2008). 269 ethical factors associated with Another prevalent approach to technology making was inspired philosophical was ethical factors associated technology. The researcher concludes that this category aligns with the approach to technology and values taken in national framework educational technology (Consortium School 2011). This framework considerations that are integral to responsible ethical considerations in the national framework were represented the participants' including Internet safety, personal privacy, equitable to technology, copyright compliance, and environmental sustainability. Research 3. The third research question was concerned with examining what assumptions characterized by technological determinism in leaders' thinking or making. As explained the for Question the perspective change is inevitable was a widespread philosophy of technology perspective. The that technology causes inevitable change in society is an assumption technological (Leonardi, 2008; Leonardi, Data from the study that core category Keep up (or left with change inevitable. As explained in implications for Research Question 2, researcher argues that Keep left behind) is a manifestation o f the imperative, a philosophical assumption associated with technological (Chandler, 1995, Cukier et al., 2009; Hofmann, 2006). The technological imperative assumes once technological inevitably underway, users should learn to cope with (Chandler, 1995) 270 because cannot help but use technology (Leonardi, 2008) and must up it (Strobel Tillberg-Webb, 2009). The of the core Keep up with be left as manifestation imperative, is similar to what was in qualitative study conducted by Cukier al. critical hermeneutic analysis and content analysis techniques, Cuk
uss (2008) paradigm, Technological oPtimism shoWs itsElf To bE iNfluEntiAl as a condition OF intEraction and emotion, as teChnolOgY LeadERs ApproAch techNOlOGY as A sOlUtiOn FOr EducaTioN with an Optimistic AttItUde. This optimISm Affects theIr eMotional respOnsE to deaLiNg wITh the PreSsureS of keePIng up wIth technoLoGY, and deALing witH REsIstaNce to technologicaL ChANge in their orgaNizatiOnS. beCAUse The Research brOkE new gROund, a liMItATIOn oF The study is thaT as future quALitAtive sTuDieS Are conDucteD iN The Substantive Area, It may becoMe neceSSary to mODify the SubstaNtiVe tHeorY To AcComMoDAte NEw DatA (polIt & Beck, 2008). 269 CoNsIdEr ethIcal FACTOrs aSsoCiatEd witH technology. AnOthEr prEValEnt apProacH to tEcHnoloGy deciSion mAkIng that was inspiRed bY philosopHicAl VieWs Was CoNSider eThiCal Factors AssociaTEd wItH TEChNology. The researcheR cONClUdes that This caTEgOrY Aligns wiTh The ApprOACh to tEchnOLoGy and valUes takEN iN tHe natioNaL frameWoRk fOr K12 EducaTIonaL technOlogy leaDershIP (Consortium for sChool NetworkiNG, 2011). THIS fRAmewOrk Addresses etHicaL ConsIderATiOns THat arE inteGrAL tO Responsible technoloGy LeaderShip. THe ethical consIderations IN THe nationAl frAMeWOrk were represeNted iN the particIPants' resPonseS, includiNg InterneT SAfety, perSonAl pRivAcy, EQUiTable access to TEChnoLoGy, copyrIghT compliAncE, anD enVirOnMental susTainabilItY. REsEaRch questIOn 3. The thiRd ResEaRch QuestIOn was cOncerNed wItH eXAmiNing whaT AsSUMptiOnS cHaraCteRiZed by TechNOloGical deTerminism WerE PresEnT iN leaderS' thinking or deCiSion making. as ExpLained IN The impliCations for Research QuestIOn 1 the peRspEctivE TecHnologicaL chAnge is IneVItable Was a wiDesprEaD phILOsophY OF tEchNoLogy perspeCTIve. the viEwPoinT that teChnology causes inevITabLe change in socIetY is aN ASsUmpTIoN AssOcIAteD WIth technologicaL determiniSm (lEoNardi, 2008; LeonaRDi, 2009). DAtA from thE study sHowed THat the cOre categoRy Keep up wItH tecHNOloGy (or be left Behind) waS linked wiTH TechNOlOgicaL chAnge is InEviTable. as explAIneD in thE impliCaTions fOr ResEaRch QuestIon 2, the researcher argues tHat KeeP up wiTh tEchnology (Or bE LefT behind) is A manIfestation O f tHe tEchnoLogICal imPeraTIvE, a pHIlosoPhicAL assumptiON aSsoCIAtEd with technOLOGicAl detErmINism (ChAndlEr, 1995, Cukier et al., 2009; HofmaNN, 2006). The technologiCal iMPEraTivE AssuMeS that once technOloGiCAL developMeNt is inevitaBly underWaY, Users Should Learn tO cope wiTH It (cHandleR, 1995) 270 becAusE they cannOt hElP But use tEcHnOLogy (LeOnarDi, 2008) And musT keep uP With IT (strobel & Tillberg-WEbb, 2009). ThE PHenomENon Of the CoRe categORy, KeEp up with teChnology (or bE left bEhinD), as a mAnifestAtIon of tHe tEcHnological IMperative, Is simIlar to wHaT was FouNd in a qUaliTATive sTudy CoNduCted by CukIER eT Al. (2009). usINg cRitiCal heRmEneuTic analysIS and contEnt ANalysis TeChnIQUes, Cuk
uss (2008) paradigm, Techn ological o ptimi smsho ws  its elfto be influent i al a s a condition of inter actio na nd e m ot ion,as tech n ol o g y l ea de rsap p ro ach t ech nologyas a solut ion  f or education wi th an opti mis tic attitude . T his op ti mis m  affe cts  thei r emot i onal r esponse t od ealing with th e pr essu res of keeping up wi t h technology,and de al i ng w ith  re sistance t otechn o logical ch a n g e i n  their organi zations. Be c aus e there sea r ch bro ke ne wg rou nd, a limit atio n of thestudyi s thata s futur e qual ita tiv e st u di es  ar ec ond u ct edi n t he subst an ti ve ar ea,i t m ay b eco me n ecess ary to modify  th e su b sta ntive  theo ry t oaccom modate  newda ta (Polit & Bec k, 2 008). 269  Co ns ide rethic a l fact ors  as sociate d witht ech no l o g y.  Another prevalent  a p p ro ach to t echnol o gy  d e cision m ak ing  tha t was i nspi r ed  by phil osophi c al  v iews wa sConsid er  et hic al fa c tors  assoc iated wi th te c hnology. The r e searcher conc l ud e s  t h at t his  category a lign s  wit h th e  a ppr o ach t o tec hn o lo g y and values takenin  the n ation al frameworkfor K12 ed u c a tional t echn o lo g y leadership ( Conso rtium forS chool Ne twork ing, 201 1). Thisf r ameworkadd res ses  et h i ca l considerati o n s th at  are in teg ral tores pon sib lete chnologyleadersh ip .Th eeth icalc onsidera ti ons  i n t he na t ionalframe work  w er e  re present e di n  the  p ar tici pan ts ' res pons e s,includi ng Intern ets afet y,  p ersonal  privacy, equ it able acces stotechno l o gy, copy right compliance, and e n vironme nta l sus tain ability.Res earchQue s tion 3 . Thethird  r ese a r ch qu e s ti onwa s concerne d wit h exa mi ning  what a ssumptions charact e riz ed by technol ogi cald e te rmi n is m  we re pre s e nt in leaders'thinking o rd ec ision maki n g.As  explai ned inthe i m plicati ons for R esearch Q ue stio n 1 t he perspec tive Tec hnologica l  chan g eis in evi tablewa s a  wide spread phi losop hy ofte chnolo gy pe rs pective.  The viewpoint that tec hnolog y cau ses  inevitab lec han ge in soc iety  is an ass ump tio n ass oci a ted w itht ec hno l ogica l de t erminism( Le ona r d i,  2008; Leon a r d i,2009) . D a ta fro m th e study showed th a t the core cat egor y Kee p u p  wit htechnology (or  be  l e f t behind )was linkedwith Tec hn o logic al cha nge is  inevit a b le .  As ex plai ned  in the i mpl ic a tions f or  R e search  Que st ion 2,  the r e sear c h er argues that K eep u p witht ech nolog y(or bel eftbehind) is  a manifest ationo fthe t echnolo gi cal im per at ive, a phi l osophical  assu mptionas soci ate d with  tec h n ologi calde ter minism (C h a nd l er ,1 995 , Cu kieret  al. , 2009; H o fmann, 2 006 ) . The t ec hno l o gicali mp e r ative assu mes  that o nce techno l ogic a ld evelo pmentis ine vitably und er way, us ers s hould lea rn to cop e  wi th  it(Chandle r,  199 5)  27 0because they ca nnot hel p but us e techno log y  (Le o nardi,  2 008) and mus t kee pu p withi t  (S trobel&  Ti llb erg -Web b,2009 ) . The phenomenon of thecore  cate g ory , Kee p upwi th techn o logy  (or bel eft behind),as a manifestat i ono f th e t e ch no logical i mpe r ative , is  si mila r t o wh a t  was foun d  i n aqualit ativ est udy condu ct ed by C u kier etal.(2009 ).  U s in g criti cal herm eneut ic  analysis and con tent  a nalysis techn iques, Cuk
uss (2008)_paradigm, Technological_optimism shows itself to_be influential_as_a condition_of_interaction and emotion,_as technology leaders_approach technology as a_solution for education_with_an optimistic attitude. This optimism affects their emotional response to dealing with the pressures_of_keeping up_with_technology,_and dealing with resistance to_technological change in their organizations._Because the_research broke new ground, a limitation of the_study_is that as_future qualitative studies are conducted in the substantive area,_it may become necessary to modify_the substantive theory_to_accommodate_new data (Polit &_Beck, 2008). 269 Consider ethical factors_associated with technology. Another prevalent approach_to technology decision making that was inspired_by philosophical views was Consider ethical_factors associated with technology. The_researcher concludes_that this category aligns with_the approach to_technology and_values taken in_the national framework for K12 educational_technology leadership (Consortium_for School Networking, 2011). This framework_addresses_ethical considerations that_are_integral_to responsible_technology leadership. The_ethical_considerations in_the_national framework were represented in the_participants'_responses, including Internet safety, personal privacy, equitable_access to technology, copyright_compliance,_and environmental sustainability. Research_Question 3. The third research_question was concerned with examining what_assumptions characterized_by technological_determinism were present in leaders' thinking or decision making. As explained_in the implications for Research Question_1 the perspective Technological_change is_inevitable_was a widespread_philosophy_of technology_perspective. The viewpoint that technology causes inevitable_change in_society is an assumption associated with_technological determinism (Leonardi, 2008;_Leonardi,_2009). Data from the study showed_that the core category Keep up_with technology (or be left_behind)_was_linked with Technological change is_inevitable. As explained in the implications_for Research Question_2, the researcher argues that Keep up_with_technology (or be left behind) is_a_manifestation o f the technological imperative,_a_philosophical_assumption associated with technological determinism_(Chandler, 1995, Cukier et al., 2009;_Hofmann, 2006). The technological imperative assumes that once technological_development is inevitably_underway, users should learn to_cope_with_it (Chandler, 1995) 270 because they cannot help but use_technology (Leonardi,_2008) and must_keep up with it (Strobel & Tillberg-Webb, 2009). The phenomenon_of the core category, Keep up with_technology (or be left behind), as a manifestation of the technological_imperative, is similar to what was found in_a qualitative study conducted by Cukier et_al. (2009). Using critical_hermeneutic_analysis and content analysis techniques, Cuk