 held that technology is a mode of ontological revealing such that technology serves to unveil dimensions of the world that were previously hidden (Heidegger, 2009; Sabatino, 2007). Western (2004) analyzed philosophy of technology principles that support the understanding of innovative educational technology, and stated that in moving beyond the instrumental view of technology, Heidegger recognized that technology fundamentally changes human existence, and becomes an integral part o f life. While the instrumental view of technology focuses on human beings as makers and users of tools, Heidegger emphasized that technology has more ontological significance for life by mediating and giving form to how we experience the world (Westera, 2004). According to Heidegger, the essence o f technology shows itself to be what Heidegger termed enframing (Heidegger, 2009). Enframing is a frenzied and 79 technological manner of ordering things in standing-reserve, such that everything is ordered to stand by on call for further ordering, "driving on to the maximum yield at the minimum expense" (Heidegger, 2009, p. 14). Dreyfus (2009) interpreted that for Heidegger standing-reserve means efficiency for its own sake. Heidegger asserted that as human beings conduct themselves toward the world with a technological orientation (Introna, 2011), this blocks other ways of revealing existence, and blocks and conceals more primal truth (Heidegger, 2009). Heidegger explained that an existential threat is the danger that everything in reality will viewed as standing-reserve (Heidegger, 2009). Things are perceived as having meaning and purpose to the extent to which they can be made available to be used, or disposed of when needed (Sabatino, 2007). Eventually man comes to the point that human beings are treated as standing-reserve, and Heidegger (2009) pointed out how language such as the concept of human resources gives evidence of this. For Heidegger, modem technology is a phenomenon that has a tendency to frame our relations with things and with human beings in a one-dimensional way with everything viewed as resources available to us (Introna, 2011). In interpreting Heidegger's view of standing-reserve as efficiency for its own sake, Dreyfus (2009) wrote that people are treated as resources in the same way we deal with things, using them like things and then disposing of them when no longer needed. Heidegger (2009) argued that the essence of technology as enframing may block more original ways of revealing truth, so that man sees only his own constructions. However, if we see
held that technology is a mode of ontological revealing such that engineering serve to unveil dimensions of the populace that were previously hide (Heidegger, 2009; Sabatino, 2007). Western (2004) analyzed philosophy of engineering principles that support the understanding of advanced educational engineering, and stated that in moving beyond the implemental view of technology, Heidegger spot that technology fundamentally changes human existence, and becomes an integral region o f life. While the instrumental scene of technology focuses on human beings as makers and user of tools, Heidegger emphasized that technology has more ontological significance for biography by mediating and giving form to how we experience the world (Westera, 2004). According to Heidegger, the essence o f technology shows itself to be what Heidegger termed enframing (Heidegger, 2009). Enframing is a frenzied and 79 technological manner of ordering things in standing - reserve, such that everything is ordered to stand by on call for further order, " drive on to the maximum output at the minimum expense " (Heidegger, 2009, p. 14). Dreyfus (2009) interpreted that for Heidegger standing - reserve means efficiency for its own sake. Heidegger asserted that as human being conduct themselves toward the world with a technological orientation (Introna, 2011), this obstruct other ways of revealing existence, and blocks and conceals more primal accuracy (Heidegger, 2009). Heidegger explained that an existential threat is the danger that everything in reality will viewed as standing - reserve (Heidegger, 2009). thing are perceive as having meaning and purpose to the extent to which they can be made available to be practice, or disposed of when needed (Sabatino, 2007). Eventually man comes to the point that human beings are treated as standing - military reserve, and Heidegger (2009) pointed out how lyric such as the concept of human resources gives evidence of this. For Heidegger, modem engineering is a phenomenon that has a tendency to frame our relations with thing and with human beings in a one - dimensional direction with everything viewed as resources available to us (Introna, 2011). In represent Heidegger's view of standing - military reserve as efficiency for its own sake, Dreyfus (2009) wrote that people are treated as resources in the same way we deal with things, using them like thing and then disposing of them when no longer needed. Heidegger (2009) argue that the essence of technology as enframing may block more original ways of revealing truth, so that world sees only his own constructions. However, if we see
 hepd that technology is a oode of ontolognxal retealing such thxt technology serves to unveml dumensuons of the world that were preniously huddei (Heidegger, 2009; Sabefino, 2007). Wcfterh (2004) anclbzed philosophy of technonogy principlev ghct support the understanding of innodative rdkcational techgolobr, ans stated that in moving beyond the instrukental view og technology, Heidegger reclgnixed that technologj fundamentqlly xhanges humav existenct, cnd becomes an integral part o f life. Whild the instrumenjco vlgw of technooogy socuses on hmkan behngs as makers and uscrs oh toils, Heidegger emphasived that technology ras more mncological significancw dor lhfe ty mdeiaginf end givinh fkrm to how we experiebce the world (Westeta, 2004). According to Heidedgqr, the essence o f technology shows itstlf tk be what Heidegger terned enframing (Heidegggr, 2009). Enframyng is a frenzied and 79 technological manner of orgerinj ghiunf un standing-reserve, such that everything is ordewsd tp stand by on gall for further otdfrogg, "driving on to thz mzximum yield at thf minimom expwnse" (Heidtgger, 2009, p. 14). Dreyfus (2009) interpreted tyat for Heidvggee standing-reserve leans efficnency gor iys own sake. Heidegger arserfed that as human bejvgs conduct themrelnes doward the world with a teshnologicel ornentatiov (Injrona, 2011), ehis blockd othcs ways of revealinh exidtance, and bpocks and conceals more primal vcuth (Heidegget, 2009). Veigegger erplaincd that an exiseential threat is the dangdr that evvrything mn reality wyll viewed as dtanding-resecve (Heidedger, 2009). Thungs ard perceived as naving mecuing and purpose to the extcnt tu which they can be made available to be udev, or qhsposed of wven veeard (Sacatino, 2007). Evektuxlly man comes to the pohnt fhat human beings src treated as stanqing-reserve, amd Heidegger (2009) poinued ouv how uangusge such as the concept of human desources giyes evidence jf tmis. Sor Heidegyer, modem technology is a phenomenon thav has a tendency to frane our relations wijh uhings and wivh humwn beings in a one-dimensional way with everythlng viewed as resourcea avainable to us (Introna, 2011). In interpreting Heidegger's view of standing-reserve as effuciencb sor its own sakr, Drejfuf (2009) wrotq thet people are treaned as resources in the same way we deal wnth things, using them like thones and then dksposing of them when no longer meeded. Heidegger (2009) argued that tne essence of technology as enfrqming may block more original wayx of rzvealibg truty, so that man seer omln his own fonsuruccions. However, if we see
held that technology is a mode of such technology serves unveil dimensions of hidden 2009; Sabatino, 2007). (2004) analyzed philosophy technology principles that support the understanding innovative educational technology, and stated that in moving beyond the instrumental view of Heidegger recognized that technology fundamentally changes human existence, and becomes an integral part f While instrumental of technology focuses on human beings as makers and users of tools, Heidegger emphasized that technology more ontological significance for life by mediating and form to how we the world (Westera, 2004). According Heidegger, essence o technology itself be what Heidegger enframing (Heidegger, 2009). Enframing is a frenzied and 79 technological manner of ordering things in standing-reserve, such everything is stand by call further "driving on to yield at the minimum expense" (Heidegger, Dreyfus (2009) interpreted that for Heidegger standing-reserve means for its sake. Heidegger asserted that as human conduct themselves toward the world with a technological (Introna, 2011), this blocks other ways of revealing existence, and blocks and conceals more primal 2009). Heidegger explained that existential threat is danger everything reality viewed as (Heidegger, 2009). Things are perceived as having meaning and purpose to extent to which they can be made available to be disposed when needed (Sabatino, Eventually man comes to point human beings are treated and (2009) language as concept of human resources evidence of this. For Heidegger, technology is a phenomenon frame our relations with things and with human in a one-dimensional way with everything viewed resources available to us (Introna, 2011). In interpreting Heidegger's view of standing-reserve efficiency for sake, Dreyfus (2009) wrote that people are treated resources in the same we deal with things, using them like things and disposing them when longer needed. Heidegger argued that the of technology as block more ways revealing man sees only his own constructions. if see
 held that technology is a mode Of ontologiCal reVeaLinG sUch tHat tEchnology serveS To unVeil dimensions of the worLd thaT wERe prEViOusly Hidden (HEIdEGGer, 2009; saBaTinO, 2007). WEStErn (2004) anAlyZed philOsophy of teChnOlOgy principleS ThAt support tHe uNderstanding Of iNnovatIvE edUCatioNal TechnOlogy, aND stateD that in moViNG beyonD The instRUMeNtal View of technology, HEIdEGger recognized That teChNOlOGY fuNdaMentally chAnGes huMAn existENcE, AND beCOmes an integraL part o f life. wHilE the inStRumENtal viEw of tEcHNolOgy focuses oN humAn beings aS makerS And userS Of tools, heidegGer EmpHasiZEd ThAt tEcHNolOGy Has MOre OntologiCaL sIgnifIcanCE FOR lifE by MediAting And giving form To hOw we EXpeRiencE the wOrld (weStera, 2004). accordIng to heIdegger, the essenCe o f TechnologY shOwS itSeLf to bE What HeIdeGgeR termed EnframiNG (HeIdEGGEr, 2009). enframing is a frenziEd AND 79 tEchnologIcal maNNeR oF Ordering ThIngS in sTANding-ReseRVe, Such that EverytHInG iS ordereD tO stand By On cAll For fuRTher OrderiNg, "drivinG on to THe maximum yield AT the minimum exPEnSE" (heIDeggEr, 2009, p. 14). dreyfus (2009) inteRpreTEd thAt foR heIdeGGer stAndinG-rESeRVe means efficiency foR iTs own sAke. HeIdegger assertEd that as huMAN Beings coNducT ThEMselves toward tHe worLd with a tecHNologicaL orieNtation (INtrona, 2011), thiS BLocks othEr wAys Of rEveALInG existence, and BLOcks AnD conceaLs mOre primAl tRutH (HeIdeGgEr, 2009). HeideggEr explaiNeD tHaT aN exIstenTIal threaT iS thE dAngEr thaT EverytHing iN reaLiTy WIll Viewed aS StANDing-ReSeRve (HEidEgGer, 2009). ThIngs ARe pErceiveD as having MeaNIng aNd PuRpose to The extent to whIcH they can be MaDe aVailabLE To be used, Or disposed of when needed (SABatino, 2007). EVenTuallY man Comes to thE poInt thaT huMAn beinGs are tReateD aS stANDing-rESErVe, aNd heidegger (2009) pOINteD out hOw LangUage sucH as the concept of humAN reSources gives eVidEnce OF ThIs. FOR HEIdeGgER, moDEM technology is a pHenomenon tHaT HaS a tendency TO frAmE our relAtions wIth thINgs and wIth human bEings in a oNe-DimeNSIonAl way with eVerythinG viewed as REsourCEs AvailAblE to us (INtRonA, 2011). In inTerpreTIng heideGger's vIeW of staNding-ReServe as eFficiency for its own sake, DReyfus (2009) Wrote ThaT people arE trEAteD as resourCes iN the same waY we DeaL with ThiNGs, usiNg thEM lIke THings And tHEn disposiNG oF thEM WhEn no longer nEEDEd. HEidegGer (2009) ARgued tHat tHe essence of technoLOgy as enframing May bLOCk mOre ORigiNaL ways of revealiNg tRuTH, So that maN sEes only his oWn constrUcTIons. HOwever, If we seE
 held that technology is a  mode of o ntolo gic alre veal ingsuch that tech n olog y serves to unveil dim ensio ns of t h eworld  that w e re p rev io us lyhi d de n (He ide gger, 2 009; Sabat ino ,2007). Weste r n(2004) ana lyz ed philosoph y o f tech no log y  prin cip les t hat su p port t he unders ta n ding o f  innova t i ve  edu cational technolo g y, and stated tha t in m ov i ng b eyo ndthe instru me ntalv iew oft ec h n o log y , Heidegger r ecognized t h attechno lo gyf undame ntall yc han ges human e xist ence, and  becom e s an in t egral p art of l ife . Wh i le  t hein s tru m en tal vie w of tec hn ol ogy f ocus e s o n hu man  bei ngs a s makers anduse rs o f  to ols,Heide gger  e mphas ized t hat t ec hnology has mor e on tological  si gn ifi ca nce f o r life  by  me diating  and gi v ing  f o r m  t o how we experienc et h eworld (W estera ,  2 00 4 ). Accor di ngto H e i degge r, t h eessenceo f te c hn ol ogy sho ws  itsel ftobewhatH eide gger t ermed en frami n g (Heidegger,2 009). Enframi n gi s  a fren zie d and 79 te chno l ogic al m a nn ero f ord ering  t h in g s in standing-reser ve , such  that  everything i s orderedt o stand by  onc al l  for further o rderi ng, "drivi n g on tothe m aximum y ield at t h e  minimum  ex pen se"  (H e i de gger, 2009, p . 14).  D reyfus(20 09) int erp ret edtha tfor Heide gger sta nd in g- re ser ve me a ns effic ie ncy  f orits o w n sake . Hei degg er  a s ser ted tha t  a s huma nbe ings  co nd uct t hems e lve s towar d the wor ldw ithate chnolog ical orientat io n (Introna ,201 1), th i s  blocksother ways of revealing existen ce,  andbloc ks and co nce als mo rep rimaltruth(Heid eg ger , 2009) . He ide gg er explain e d  th at an  e xist entialthreat is the dang e r t hat everythin g i n re a l it y w i ll vie we d  as s tanding-reserve  (Heidegge r, 20 09). Thing s  ar eperceiv ed as h aving meaning  and purp ose to th eexte n t  to  which the y can be  made ava i lable to  be u sed , or d is pos ed of  whenn eed ed (S abatin o,  2007) . Eve nt ually ma n comes to the point th at hum an be ing s are tre ate d  as  standing -res erve, andHei deg ger ( 200 9 ) poi nted ou t h o w lan guag e  such ast he  co n c ep t of humanr e s our ces g ive s  evide nceof this. For Heid e gger, modem te chno l o gyisa  phe no menon that has  ate n d ency tofr ame our rel ations w it h  thin gs and  withhuman b e i ng s  in aone- dim ensionalway  w i th ever yt hi n g view ed a sresour ces av a ilab l e  to us (Introna,  2011 ) .  In i n ter preti ng  Heideg g er's  view of s tanding-res erve a s ef ficie ncy for  i ts own  sa ke , Dreyfus( 2009) wro te th at peop le  are  tr eatedas r e s ource s in  t hesame wayw e  d e al  w i ththin gs, u si ng t hem liket hings an d t h en disp os ing o f them wh e n  no longer  ne eded. H eidegger ( 2 009) ar g ued t hat th e esse nce oft ech no logy as  en f r aming may  block mo r e o ri gina l ways o freve al ing  t ruth, so that m an seesonly his o wn con str u ctio n s. How ev er, if we se e
 held_that technology_is a mode of_ontological revealing_such_that technology_serves_to unveil dimensions_of the world_that were previously hidden_(Heidegger, 2009; Sabatino,_2007)._Western (2004) analyzed philosophy of technology principles that support the understanding of innovative educational_technology,_and stated_that_in_moving beyond the instrumental view_of technology, Heidegger recognized that_technology fundamentally_changes human existence, and becomes an integral part_o_f life. While_the instrumental view of technology focuses on human beings_as makers and users of tools,_Heidegger emphasized that_technology_has_more ontological significance for_life by mediating and giving form_to how we experience the world_(Westera, 2004). According to Heidegger, the essence_o f technology shows itself to_be what Heidegger termed enframing_(Heidegger, 2009)._Enframing is a frenzied and_79 technological manner_of ordering_things in standing-reserve,_such that everything is ordered to_stand by on_call for further ordering, "driving on_to_the maximum yield_at_the_minimum expense"_(Heidegger, 2009, p._14)._Dreyfus (2009)_interpreted_that for Heidegger standing-reserve means efficiency_for_its own sake. Heidegger asserted that as_human beings conduct themselves_toward_the world with a_technological orientation (Introna, 2011), this_blocks other ways of revealing existence,_and blocks_and conceals_more primal truth (Heidegger, 2009). Heidegger explained that an existential threat_is the danger that everything in_reality will viewed as_standing-reserve (Heidegger,_2009)._Things are perceived_as_having meaning_and purpose to the extent to which_they can_be made available to be used,_or disposed of when_needed_(Sabatino, 2007). Eventually man comes to_the point that human beings are_treated as standing-reserve, and Heidegger_(2009)_pointed_out how language such as_the concept of human resources gives_evidence of this._For Heidegger, modem technology is a phenomenon_that_has a tendency to frame our_relations_with things and with human beings_in_a_one-dimensional way with everything viewed_as resources available to us (Introna,_2011). In interpreting Heidegger's view of standing-reserve as efficiency_for its own_sake, Dreyfus (2009) wrote that_people_are_treated as resources in the same way we deal with_things, using_them like things_and then disposing of them when no longer needed. Heidegger_(2009) argued that the essence of technology_as enframing may block more original ways of revealing truth, so_that man sees only his own constructions. However,_if we see