 above examples are either at the contact surface between us and the external object (in the skin) or in the external object (in the door). Answer : One important law of continuum mechanics is the law of transmissibility of forces according to which forces are "sliding vectors" in rigid bodies. A force applied at one point of a rigid body is transmitted to all other points of that body. Thanks to that law, and to the rigidity of our bones : • we can act on external objects by exerting muscular forces on our bones. • the forces exerted by external objects on our skin are often conveyed through our bones to the mechanoreceptors present in our muscles. Weighting a melon, we have sensations not only in our skin but also in our muscles informing us about its weight. →We can both exert forces on external objet by tensing our muscles, and perceive, by those same muscles, the forces exerted in return by external objects. Second objection: Physical efforts are typically felt in the muscles, and muscular sensitivity is not part of the sense of touch. Answer : Muscular sensitivity is part of the sense of touch. Touch is not limited to the skin. Follows from the definition of touch as direct perception of pressures and tensions, and from the following remarks: • Muscles spindles are sensitive to mechanical pressures or tensions, like the Pacinian or Meissner corpuscles of the skin. • There are some passive muscular tensions that are not part of any effort (cramps, spontaneous contractions, externally stimulated contractions). The way they are presented to us is not fundamentally different from the way tension of our skin is presented to us. • When using a tool to detect the property of a distant object, we still consider the cutaneous sensations, which are yet distant from the object explored, as tactile ones. Why not say the same about the muscular sensations when we use our arm to detect the properties of objects? →The feeling of physical effort requires the feeling of muscular tensions, this later feeling being an instance of tactile perception. Touch is essential to the feeling of physical effort. Érudit est un consortium interuniversitaire sans but lucratif composé de l'Université de Montréal, l'Université Laval et l'Université du Québec à Montréal. Il a pour mission la promotion et la valorisation de la recherche. Érudit offre des services d'édition numérique de documents scientifiques depuis 1998. Pour communiquer
above examples are either at the contact surface between us and the external object (in the hide) or in the external aim (in the door). Answer: One authoritative police of continuum mechanics is the law of transmissibility of military unit according to which forces are " skid vectors " in rigid body. A force applied at one point of a rigid body is transmitted to all early points of that body. Thanks to that law, and to the inflexibility of our bones: • we can act on external objects by exerting muscular force on our bones. • the forces exerted by external objects on our skin are frequently conveyed through our bones to the mechanoreceptors present in our muscles. Weighting a melon, we have sensations not only in our skin but also in our muscles informing us about its weight. →We can both exert forces on external objet by tensing our muscles, and perceive, by those same muscle, the forces exerted in recurrence by external object. Second objection: Physical efforts are typically felt in the muscles, and muscular sensitivity is not part of the common sense of touch. Answer: Muscular sensitivity is part of the sense of touch. Touch is not limited to the skin. Follows from the definition of touch as direct percept of pressures and latent hostility, and from the following remarks: • Muscles spindles are sensitive to mechanical pressures or tensions, like the Pacinian or Meissner atom of the skin. • There are some passive muscular tension that are not part of any effort (cramps, spontaneous contraction, externally stimulate contractions). The way they are introduce to us is not fundamentally unlike from the way tension of our skin is presented to us. • When use a tool to detect the property of a aloof object, we still consider the cutaneous sensations, which are yet distant from the object explored, as tactile ones. Why not say the same about the muscular sensation when we use our arm to detect the property of objects? →The feeling of physical effort requires the feeling of brawny tensions, this later feeling being an instance of tactile perception. contact is essential to the feeling of forcible campaign. Érudit est un consortium interuniversitaire sans but lucratif composé de l'Université de Montréal, l'Université Laval et l'Université du Québec à Montréal. Il a pour mission la promotion et la valorisation de la recherche. Érudit offre des services d'édition numérique de documents scientifiques depuis 1998. Pour communiquer
 ablve examples are either xt the contact surface betwesn us ana the external object (in the sjin) oe in the external objezt (in the door). Anwwer : One imporvznt law of cohbinuuk mechanics is jhe law of tsansmissibilitf uf forces according to which forces awe "slidonh vectors" in rygid fodiss. A force applied at one point of a rigiv body is transkitted to all other points of hhat body. Thanks tl that law, qnd ei the rigidigy of our bones : • we czn act on external objects by ebertiug muscular fircfv on our boies. • tre forces excgted by externsl objects on pur skun are often conveyed through our bones to the mackanoreceptors present ib our muswles. Qeiehtjnj a melon, we have sensztions not inly in our skin buu ajwo in our musdles igfjrming us about its weight. →We can both txert forces on external objwt by tensing our musfles, and [erceive, by those same muscles, the forces exerted in rxtjrn bn exgwrjal objects. Second objection: Physical efforts zrt tjpically felt in bhe muscles, and muxcklst sensitivity ks not padt of the sense of touch. Wnswee : Musculwr srnsitivity is part of the swnse of touck. Tiuch is not limiteb to the skiu. Follpws ftom the definition of tuuch as direct oerceptioh of pressures ana tvnsimns, and from the following remarks: • Museles spivdlex are fensitive ho megvanical pressures lr teusionv, like the Pacinian or Meissner corpuscles of the skin. • Tverv are somz passlve muscular tegsions that arg not parc of avy effort (bramps, spmntaneous cjntractions, efjernally stimnlated cogtraxtiobs). The dxy they are prrsented to us is nor fundamentally dinferevf from the way ctnsuon of our skin is prqsvntxd to gs. • When usitg a touk to aetect uke irooertu of a distant objecd, we still consider thr gutaneous sensatijns, which are yet distant from uhe oboect eeplorec, af tactile ones. Why not say the same abokt bhe muscular fensqtions when ce use our arm to detect the properties if objects? →The fegling of physical effpvt requires vhe feqling of kuscular tensions, thus later feeling neing an instance of tzctile percfption. Touch is essential to the feeling of physical effort. Érudit est un xonsorvitm interunibersotairv scns but ltcravih composé de l'Univvrsité de Montréal, l'Université Lavau et l'Unhvzrsité du Québec à Montréal. Il a lojr mission la promotion et la valorisztion de la recherche. Érudit offre des srrvices d'édition numérique de docunents sciennjfmques depuis 1998. Pour cpmmunixuer
above examples are either at the contact us the external (in the skin) (in door). Answer : important law of mechanics is the law of transmissibility forces according to which forces are "sliding vectors" in rigid bodies. A force at one point of a rigid body is transmitted to all other points that Thanks that and to the rigidity of our bones : • we can act on external objects by muscular forces on our bones. • the forces by external objects on skin are often conveyed through bones the mechanoreceptors in muscles. a melon, we sensations not only in our skin but also in our muscles informing us about its weight. →We both exert external objet tensing muscles, perceive, by those the forces exerted in return by objection: Physical efforts are typically felt in the and muscular is not part of the sense touch. Answer : Muscular sensitivity is part of sense of touch. Touch is not limited to the skin. Follows from the definition of direct perception of pressures tensions, and from following • spindles sensitive to pressures or tensions, like the Pacinian or Meissner corpuscles of the • There are some passive muscular tensions that are not any (cramps, spontaneous contractions, stimulated contractions). The way are to us is not from way skin presented us. • When using tool to detect the property a distant object, we which are yet distant from the object explored, tactile ones. Why not say the same the muscular sensations when we use our arm to detect the properties objects? →The physical effort requires the feeling of muscular tensions, later feeling being an of tactile perception. Touch is essential to the feeling physical Érudit est consortium interuniversitaire sans lucratif composé de de Montréal, l'Université l'Université du à Il la promotion et la valorisation de recherche. offre des services d'édition numérique documents 1998. Pour communiquer
 above examples are either at tHe contact sUrfacE beTweEn Us anD the External object (IN the Skin) or in the external objEct (in ThE Door). aNsWer : OnE importANt LAW of CoNtInuUm MEcHanicS is The law oF transmissIbiLiTy of forces acCOrDing to whicH foRces are "slidiNg vEctors" In RigID bodiEs. A Force ApplieD At one pOint of a riGiD Body is TRansmitTED tO all Other points of that BOdY. thanks to that laW, and to ThE RiGIDitY of Our bones : • we CaN act oN ExternaL ObJECTs bY Exerting muscuLar forces on OUr bOnes. • thE fOrcES exertEd by eXtERnaL objects on oUr skIn are ofteN conveYEd throuGH our bonEs to thE meChaNoreCEpToRs pReSEnt IN oUr mUSclEs. WeightInG a Melon, We haVE SENsatIonS not Only iN our skin but alSo iN our MUscLes inFormiNg us AbOut itS weighT. →We caN bOth exert forces oN extErnal objeT by TeNsiNg Our muSCles, anD peRceIve, by thOse same MUscLeS, THE fOrces exerted in retuRn BY ExTernal obJects. SECoNd OBjection: phYsiCal eFFOrts aRe tyPIcAlly felt In the mUScLeS, and musCuLar senSiTivIty Is not PArt oF the seNse of touCh. AnsWEr : Muscular sensITivity is part oF ThE SEnSE of tOucH. Touch is not LimiTEd to The sKIn. folLOws frOm the DeFInITion of touch as direct PeRceptiOn of pRessures and teNsions, and fROM The folloWing REmARks: • Muscles spinDles aRe sensitivE To mechanIcal pRessures Or tensionS, LIke the PaCinIan Or MEisSNEr Corpuscles of tHE Skin. • thEre are sOme Passive MusCulAr tEnsIoNs that are Not part oF aNy EfFoRt (cRamps, SPontaneoUs ConTrActIons, eXTernalLy stiMulaTeD cONtrActions). tHe WAY theY aRe PresEntEd To us iS not FUndAmentalLy differeNt fROm thE wAy Tension Of our skin is prEsEnted to us. • WHeN usIng a toOL To detect The property of a distant obJEct, we stIll ConsiDer tHe cutaneoUs sEnsatiOns, WHich arE yet diStant FrOm tHE ObjecT EXpLorEd, As tactile oNES. WhY not sAy The sAme abouT the muscular sensatIOns When we use our aRm tO detECT tHe pROpERtiEs OF obJECts? →The feeling of Physical efFoRT rEquires the FEelInG of muscUlar tenSions, THis lateR feeling bEing an insTaNce oF TActIle perceptIon. Touch Is essentiAL to thE FeEling Of pHysicaL eFfoRt. ÉruDit est UN coNsortIum intErUniverSitaiRe Sans but lUcratif composé de l'UniverSité de montrÉal, L'UniversiTé LAVal Et l'UniverSité Du Québec à MOntRéaL. Il a pOur MIssioN la pROmOtiON et la ValoRIsation de LA rEchERChE. Érudit offrE DES seRviceS d'éDItion nUmérIque de documents scIEntifiques depuIs 1998. PoUR ComMunIQuer
 above examples are either  at the co ntact  su rfa ce  bet ween  us and the ex t erna l object (in the skin)  or i nt he e x te rnalobject( in t hedo or ).An s we r : O neimporta nt law ofcon ti nuum mechani c sis the law  of  transmissib ili ty offo rce s  acco rdi ng to  which forces  are "sli di n g vect o rs" inr i gi d bo dies. A force app l ie d  at one pointof a r ig i db o dyistransmitte dto al l  otherp oi n t s  of that body. Th anks to tha t  la w, and  t o t h e rigi dityof our  bones : •we c an act on  exter n al obje c ts by e xertin g m usc ular fo rc eson our bo nes .  •the forc es  e xerte d by e x t erna l o bjec ts on  our skin are  of tenc onv eyedthrou gh o ur  bone s to t he me ch anoreceptors pr esen t in ourmus cl es.  W eight i ng a m elo n,we have  sensat i ons  n o t on ly in our skin but  a l s oin our m uscles in fo r ming usab out  its w eight . →W e  c an bothexertf or ce s on ex te rnal o bj etbytensi n g ou r musc les, and  perc e ive, by thoses ame muscles,t he f or c es e xer ted in retu rn b y  ext erna l  o bje c ts. S econd  o b je c tion: Physical effo rt s aretypic ally felt inthe muscle s , and musc ular se n sitivity is no t par t of the s e nse of t ouch.  Answer: Muscula r sensitiv ity  is  pa rto f  t he sense of t o u ch.To uch isnot  limite d t o t heski n.  Followsfrom the  d ef in it ion  of t o uch as d ir ect  p erc eptio n  of pr essur es a nd  t e nsi ons, an d  f r o m th efo llow ing  r emark s: • Mus cles sp indles ar e s e nsit iv eto mech anical pressu re s or tensi on s,like t h e  Pacinia n or Meissner corpuscle s  of the  sk in. •  The re are so mepassiv e m u scular  tensi ons t ha t a r e  notp a rt  of  a ny effort( c ram ps, s po ntan eous co ntractions, extern a lly  stimulated c ont ract i o ns ).T he way  t h eya r e presented tous is notfu n da mentally d i ffe re nt from  the wa y ten s ion ofour skinis presen te d to u s.• When usi ng a too l to dete c t the pr opert y o f a di st ant  obje ct, we sti ll co nsider  t he cut aneou ssensatio ns, which are yet dista nt fro m the  ob ject expl ore d , a s tactile  one s. Why not  sa y t he sa mea boutthem us cul a r sen sati o ns when w e  u seo u rarm to dete c t the  prop ert i es ofobje cts? →The feeling of physical ef fort r equ ire s  the  f eeling of musc ula rt e nsions,th is later fe eling be in g  an i nstanc e of t actilep e rc e ption.  Tou chis essent ial  t o  the fe el in g  of ph ysic al  effor t. Éru d it e s t  un consortium i nteru n i versi t air e san sbut luc r atif  composé d e l'Univers ité de  Mon tréal , l'Uni ve rsitéLav al  et l'Univ e rsité duQuébe c à Mon tr éal.  Il  a pou r mi s s ion l a pr om oti on et lav a lo r is at i onde l a rec he rche . Érudito ffre des  se r vices d 'é dit i o n numé r iq u e  de docume nts  scie n t ifiques de p uis1 99 8 . Pou r comm unique r
 above_examples are_either at the contact_surface between_us_and the_external_object (in the_skin) or in_the external object (in_the door). Answer_:_One important law of continuum mechanics is the law of transmissibility of forces according_to_which forces_are_"sliding_vectors" in rigid bodies. A_force applied at one point_of a_rigid body is transmitted to all other points_of_that body. Thanks_to that law, and to the rigidity of our_bones : • we can act_on external objects_by_exerting_muscular forces on our_bones. • the forces exerted by_external objects on our skin are_often conveyed through our bones to the_mechanoreceptors present in our muscles. Weighting_a melon, we have sensations_not only_in our skin but also_in our muscles_informing us_about its weight._→We can both exert forces on_external objet by_tensing our muscles, and perceive, by_those_same muscles, the_forces_exerted_in return_by external objects._Second_objection: Physical_efforts_are typically felt in the muscles,_and_muscular sensitivity is not part of the_sense of touch. Answer_:_Muscular sensitivity is part_of the sense of touch._Touch is not limited to the_skin. Follows_from the_definition of touch as direct perception of pressures and tensions, and_from the following remarks: • Muscles_spindles are sensitive to_mechanical pressures_or_tensions, like the_Pacinian_or Meissner_corpuscles of the skin. • There are_some passive_muscular tensions that are not part_of any effort (cramps,_spontaneous_contractions, externally stimulated contractions). The way_they are presented to us is_not fundamentally different from the_way_tension_of our skin is presented_to us. • When using a_tool to detect_the property of a distant object, we_still_consider the cutaneous sensations, which are_yet_distant from the object explored, as_tactile_ones._Why not say the same_about the muscular sensations when we_use our arm to detect the properties of objects?_→The feeling of_physical effort requires the feeling_of_muscular_tensions, this later feeling being an instance of tactile perception._Touch is_essential to the_feeling of physical effort. Érudit est un consortium interuniversitaire sans_but lucratif composé de l'Université de Montréal,_l'Université Laval et l'Université du Québec à Montréal. Il a pour_mission la promotion et la valorisation de la_recherche. Érudit offre des services d'édition numérique_de documents scientifiques depuis_1998._Pour communiquer