 their interactions (excitations) are carried by bosons (quanta). The two nuclear interactions have short ranges, producing forces at minuscule, subatomic distances. The strong nuclear interaction, which is carried by the gluon, is responsible for the binding of quarks together to form hadrons (ordinary matter), such as protons and neutrons; as a residual effect, it binds the latter particles to form atomic nuclei (Ulaby, 2010). This is a stress-pressure interaction of the type carried by time-like space-time intervals. The weak nuclear interaction, which is carried by W and Z bosons, also acts on the nucleus, mediating radioactive decay (Ulaby, 2010). This is a dissipation interaction of the type carried by space-like space-time intervals. The electromagnetic fundamental interaction carried by the photon is significant at macroscopic scales where the effects can be seen directly in everyday life (Ulaby, 2010); this is of the type carried by light-like space-time intervals. There is a basic type of space-time interval that carries each quantum fundamental interaction. The three basic types of space-time intervals are consequently the source of quantum gravity; the general covariance of space-time intervals is extended to quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics has four phenomena which have not previously been explainable using classical physics (quantization, wave-particle duality, uncertainty, entanglement). These phenomena, however, are explainable utilizing space-time intervals, adding further support for the theory. The three basic types of space-time interval quantum fields act through the release of quanta (photons, gluons, and W and Z bosons). Light-like space-time intervals (the electromagnetic fundamental interaction) may underlie wave-particle duality. The waveparticle duality of the electromagnetic interaction has been observed many times (Brown, 2010; Thorne et al., 2004); wave and particle effects fully explain the emission and absorption spectra of electromagnetic radiation. Whether or not the electromagnetic interaction is described as a wave or particle depends on how a system is setup and observed. Space-like space-time intervals may explain quantum entanglement: the quantum states of two related particles cannot be described independently of one another and must be considered as a single system, no matter how far apart they may be (the two particles must have space-like separation for this to be realized; the particles could then be considered as a single system, distributed in space, but not in time). Time-like space-time intervals may explain quantum uncertainty (knowing about one property of a particle
their interactions (excitations) are carried by bosons (quanta). The two nuclear interaction take short ranges, producing force at minuscule, subatomic distances. The solid nuclear interaction, which is carry by the gluon, is responsible for the dressing of quarks together to imprint hadrons (ordinary topic), such as protons and neutrons; as a residual consequence, it binds the latter particles to shape atomic nuclei (Ulaby, 2010). This is a stress - atmospheric pressure interaction of the type carried by time - alike space - time intervals. The weak nuclear interaction, which is carried by W and omega bosons, also acts on the nucleus, mediating radioactive decay (Ulaby, 2010). This is a dissipation interaction of the character have a bun in the oven by space - like space - time intervals. The electromagnetic fundamental interaction carried by the photon is significant at macroscopic plate where the effects can be seen immediately in casual life (Ulaby, 2010); this is of the type carried by light - alike space - time intervals. There is a basic character of space - time interval that carries each quantum fundamental interaction. The three basic types of space - time intervals are consequently the source of quantum gravity; the general covariance of quad - time time interval is extended to quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics has four phenomena which have not previously been explainable practice classical physics (quantization, wave - particle duality, uncertainty, entanglement). These phenomena, however, are explainable utilizing distance - time intervals, add further support for the hypothesis. The three basic types of space - time interval quantum playing field act through the release of quanta (photons, gluons, and W and Z bosons). lighter - like space - time intervals (the electromagnetic fundamental interaction) may underlie wave - particle duality. The waveparticle duality of the electromagnetic interaction has been observed many multiplication (Brown, 2010; Thorne et al. , 2004); wave and particle effects in full explain the emission and preoccupation spectra of electromagnetic radiation. Whether or not the electromagnetic interaction is described as a wave or particle count on how a system is setup and observed. Space - like space - clock time interval may excuse quantum web: the quantum states of two related particles cannot be trace independently of one another and must be considered as a single arrangement, no matter how far apart they may be (the two particles must have outer space - alike separation for this to be realized; the particles could then be consider as a single system, distributed in space, but not in time). Time - alike space - time intervals may explain quantum uncertainty (knowing about one place of a atom
 thfir interactions (excitatlons) are carried by bosmns (quznta). The two nuclear interactions hate syort eanges, producing forcer at minudcule, suvatonuc distancxa. The sbxong hmcleax mnteraction, whigh is carriad by the gluot, ks responsible for the binding of quawks togrtjer to form haqronx (ordjnary matter), such as protons and nsutrons; as a residuak effect, it binds the lattfr pwrticles to form ahomic nucleu (Ulwvy, 2010). This is x stress-prtsvure interzction of the type carried by tkme-lile space-tine inhgrvals. The wxak nublear interacbpon, whiwh is csrried by W anc Z bowons, also acts on the nucleus, mediating radioacthvz decay (Ulaby, 2010). This iw q disvipadion untdradtmon of thf tbpe carried by space-lije space-time intervslf. The electromzgnetis sundamental interaction carried by the khotoh is significant at maceoscopic scales where the effests can be seen directly in everyday life (Ulaby, 2010); dhis ms of tme thpe carried by light-like space-time intervals. Thews os a basic type jf space-timr lnygrval that carties eaeg suantum fundamentap interwctiob. The thrte baxic types of space-time inteevals are cousewuently the source of quantum grafity; yhe general covariance uf slace-time inhervals ia extended to quavtuk kechanics. Quantum mechanicf has fouc pheuomena wfich have got previoksly naen explainable uslng cpavsical phydics (quantization, wave-particle vnality, uncertsitty, entanglzment). Bhese phenomena, however, are erplainabje utklizing spzce-time intervals, wdding furthes support for the thejry. Rhe rhree bxric types of slace-time pnuerval quabtum fields act thvough fhe release of wuabta (photons, glupns, anq A end Z tosons). Light-nike spxve-timd intervals (ghe rlectromagnetic funddmenfal interaction) mau mnderlie qave-partycle duality. Yhe waveparticle dkalitb of tie elevtrjmagnetic interaction has been observed maky times (Browg, 2010; Tmorng et al., 2004); ware and particle effects fully explain thx emission and absorptiin spectra of electtomsgnetic radmation. Whether mr not the electromatnetic interactiok is described as a wabe or [artifle depends on how a system is setup and observed. Space-like space-time intwrvals may explain quamtum vntcngkement: the duantum states og two related particles cannot ue describad independently of one anothet xnd must be cunsidered as a single syatem, no katter how far apart they may br (the two particles must have spqce-liie separatmon for this to be rralizeb; the particlws cluld then be zonxifered as w siiglz system, distributed in space, but not ib hime). Time-like spece-time intevvxls mzy expjain quantum uncsrtajjty (kvowing about pne property og a particle
their interactions (excitations) are carried by bosons two interactions have ranges, producing forces strong interaction, which is by the gluon, responsible for the binding of quarks to form hadrons (ordinary matter), such as protons and neutrons; as a residual it binds the latter particles to form atomic nuclei (Ulaby, 2010). This is stress-pressure of type by time-like space-time intervals. The weak nuclear interaction, which is carried by W and Z bosons, acts on the nucleus, mediating radioactive decay (Ulaby, This is a dissipation of the type carried by space-time The electromagnetic interaction by photon is significant macroscopic scales where the effects can be seen directly in everyday life (Ulaby, 2010); this is of type carried space-time intervals. is basic of space-time interval each quantum fundamental interaction. The three space-time intervals are consequently the source of quantum the general of space-time intervals is extended to mechanics. Quantum mechanics has four phenomena which have previously been explainable using classical physics (quantization, wave-particle duality, uncertainty, entanglement). These phenomena, however, are space-time intervals, adding further for the theory. three types space-time quantum fields through the release of quanta (photons, gluons, and W and Z Light-like space-time intervals (the electromagnetic fundamental interaction) may underlie wave-particle waveparticle of the electromagnetic has been observed many (Brown, Thorne et al., 2004); particle fully and spectra electromagnetic radiation. Whether or the electromagnetic interaction is described a wave or particle is setup and observed. Space-like space-time intervals may quantum entanglement: the quantum states of two particles cannot be described independently of one another and must be considered a single matter how far apart they may be (the particles must have space-like for this to be realized; the particles could then considered a single distributed in space, not in time). space-time intervals may uncertainty (knowing one of
 their interactions (excitatiOns) are carrIed by BosOns (QuAnta). the tWo nuclear interACtioNs have short ranges, produCing fOrCEs at MInUsculE, subatoMIc DIStaNcEs. the StROnG nuclEar InteracTion, which iS caRrIed by the gluoN, Is ResponsiblE foR the binding oF quArks toGeTheR To forM haDrons (OrdinaRY matteR), such as prOtONs and nEUtrons; aS A ReSiduAl effect, it binds thE LaTTer particles to Form atOmIC nUCLei (ulaBy, 2010). This is a sTrEss-prESsure inTErACTIon OF the type carriEd by time-likE SpaCe-time InTerVAls. The Weak nUcLEar Interaction, WhicH is carrieD by W anD z bosons, ALso acts On the nUclEus, MediATiNg RadIoACtiVE dEcaY (ulaBy, 2010). This is A dIsSipatIon iNTERActiOn oF the Type cArried by space-LikE spaCE-tiMe intErvalS. The ElEctroMagnetIc funDaMental interactiOn caRried by thE phOtOn iS sIgnifICant at MacRosCopic scAles wheRE thE eFFECtS can be seen directly In EVErYday life (ulaby, 2010); tHIs Is OF the type CaRriEd by LIGht-liKe spACe-Time inteRvals. THErE iS a basic TyPe of spAcE-tiMe iNtervAL thaT carriEs each quAntum FUndamental inteRAction. The threE BaSIC tYPes oF spAce-time inteRvalS Are cOnseQUeNtlY The soUrce oF qUAnTUm gravity; the general CoVarianCe of sPace-time interVals is exteNDED to quantUm meCHaNIcs. Quantum mechAnics Has four pheNOmena whiCh havE not prevIously beeN EXplainabLe uSinG clAssICAl Physics (quantiZATion, WaVe-partiCle Duality, UncErtAinTy, eNtAnglement). these pheNoMeNa, HoWevEr, are EXplainabLe UtiLiZinG spacE-Time inTervaLs, adDiNg FUrtHer suppORt FOR the ThEoRy. ThE thReE basiC typES of Space-tiMe intervaL quANtum FiElDs act thRough the releaSe Of quanta (phOtOns, Gluons, AND W and Z boSons). Light-like space-time iNTervals (The ElectRomaGnetic funDamEntal iNteRAction) May undErlie WaVe-pARTicle DUAlIty. thE wavepartiCLE duAlity Of The eLectromAgnetic interaction HAs bEen observed maNy tImes (bROwN, 2010; ThORnE Et aL., 2004); wAVe aND Particle effects Fully explaIn THe Emission anD AbsOrPtion spEctra of ElectROmagnetIc radiatiOn. Whether Or Not tHE EleCtromagnetIc interaCtion is deSCribeD As A wave Or pArticlE dEpeNds on How a sySTem Is setUp and oBsErved. SPace-lIkE space-tiMe intervals may explain quAntum eNtangLemEnt: the quaNtuM StaTes of two rElatEd particleS caNnoT be deScrIBed inDepeNDeNtlY Of one AnotHEr and must BE cOnsIDErEd as a single SYSTem, No matTer HOw far aPart They may be (the two paRTicles must have SpacE-LIke SepARatiOn For this to be reaLizEd; THE particlEs Could then be ConsiderEd AS a sinGle sysTem, disTributeD IN sPAce, but Not iN tiMe). Time-likE spAcE-Time intErVaLS may exPlaiN qUantum UncertAInty (KNOwing about one proPerty OF A partICle
 their interactions (excit ations) ar e car rie d b yboso ns ( quanta). The t w o nu clear interactions hav e sho rt rang e s,  prod ucing f o rc e s  at  m in usc ul e ,subat omi c dista nces. Thestr on g nuclear in t er action, wh ich  is carriedbythe gl uo n,i s res pon sible  for t h e bind ing of qu ar k s toge t her tof o rm  had rons (ordinary ma t te r ), such as pro tons a nd ne u t ron s;as a resid ua l eff e ct, itb in d s the latter partic les to form ato mic nu cl ei( Ulaby,  2010 ). Thi s is a stre ss-p ressure i nterac t ion oft he type  carri edbytime - li ke  sp ac e -ti m eint e rva ls. Thewe ak  nucl eari n t e ract ion , wh ich i s carried byW a nd Z bos ons,alsoacts  o n the  nucle us, m ed iating radioact ivedecay (Ul aby ,201 0) . Thi s  is adis sip ation i nteract i onof t h etype carried by sp ac e - li ke space -timei nt er v als. The  e lec trom a g netic  fun d am ental in teract i on  c arriedby  the p ho ton  is  sign i fica nt atmacrosco pic s c ales where the effects can b e  s e e nd irec tly  in everyda y li f e (U laby ,  2 010 ) ; thi s isof th e  type carried by li gh t-like  spac e-time interv als. There i s  a basic  typ e  o f  space-time in terva l that car r ies each  quan tum fund amental i n t eraction . T hethr eeb a si c types of sp a c e-ti me  interv als  are co nse que ntl y t he  source o f quantu mgr av it y;the g e neral co va ria nc e o f spa c e-time  inte rval sis ext ended t o  q u a ntum  m ec hani cs.  Q uantu m me c han ics has  four phe nom e na w hi ch  have n ot previously  b een explai na ble  using c lassical  physics (quantization, wave-pa rti cle d uali ty, uncer tai nty, e nta n glemen t). Th ese p he nom e n a, ho w e ve r,ar e explaina b l e u tiliz in g sp ace-tim e intervals, addin g  fu rther support  fo r th e th eor y .T heth r eeb a sic types of sp ace-time i nt e rv al quantum fie ld s act t hroughthe r e lease o f quanta(photons,  g luon s ,  an d W and Zbosons).  Light-li k e spa c e- timeint ervals  ( the  elec tromag n eti c fun dament al  inter actio n)  may und erlie wave-particle dua lity.The w ave particledua l ity  of the e lect romagnetic  in ter actio n h a s bee n ob s er ved manytime s  (Brown,2 01 0;T h or ne et al.,2 0 0 4);  wave  an d  parti cleeffects fully exp l ain the emissi on a n d  ab sor p tion  s pectra of elec tro ma g n etic rad ia tion. Wheth er or no tt he el ectrom agneti c inter a c ti o n is d escr ibe d as a wa veor particl ede p ends o n ho wa syst em iss etup a nd observed. Spa ce-li k e  spac e -ti me in te rvals m a y ex plain quan tum entangl ement:  the  quan tum sta te s of t wore lated part i cles cann ot be  descri be d in dep endent ly o f one a noth er  an d must be c on s id er e d a s asingl esyst em, no ma t ter howfar apart t he y m a y  be (t h et w o particle s m ust h a v e space-li k e se p ar a tionfor th is tobe real i zed ;the par tic l e s could t hen be co n sid er ed a s a sing le  sys te m,di stributed in sp ace, but  not int i me). T ime - like space- ti me intervals  mayex p lain qu a n tum  uncert a int y ( kno wing  ab outo ne property of a particl e
 their_interactions (excitations)_are carried by bosons_(quanta). The_two_nuclear interactions_have_short ranges, producing_forces at minuscule,_subatomic distances. The strong_nuclear interaction, which_is_carried by the gluon, is responsible for the binding of quarks together to form_hadrons_(ordinary matter),_such_as_protons and neutrons; as a_residual effect, it binds the_latter particles_to form atomic nuclei (Ulaby, 2010). This is_a_stress-pressure interaction of_the type carried by time-like space-time intervals. The weak_nuclear interaction, which is carried by_W and Z_bosons,_also_acts on the nucleus,_mediating radioactive decay (Ulaby, 2010). This_is a dissipation interaction of the_type carried by space-like space-time intervals. The_electromagnetic fundamental interaction carried by the_photon is significant at macroscopic_scales where_the effects can be seen_directly in everyday_life (Ulaby,_2010); this is_of the type carried by light-like_space-time intervals. There_is a basic type of space-time_interval_that carries each_quantum_fundamental_interaction. The_three basic types_of_space-time intervals_are_consequently the source of quantum gravity;_the_general covariance of space-time intervals is extended_to quantum mechanics. Quantum_mechanics_has four phenomena which_have not previously been explainable_using classical physics (quantization, wave-particle duality,_uncertainty, entanglement)._These phenomena,_however, are explainable utilizing space-time intervals, adding further support for the_theory. The three basic types of_space-time interval quantum fields_act through_the_release of quanta_(photons,_gluons, and_W and Z bosons). Light-like space-time intervals_(the electromagnetic_fundamental interaction) may underlie wave-particle duality._The waveparticle duality of_the_electromagnetic interaction has been observed many_times (Brown, 2010; Thorne et al.,_2004); wave and particle effects_fully_explain_the emission and absorption spectra_of electromagnetic radiation. Whether or not_the electromagnetic interaction_is described as a wave or particle_depends_on how a system is setup_and_observed. Space-like space-time intervals may explain_quantum_entanglement:_the quantum states of two_related particles cannot be described independently_of one another and must be considered as a_single system, no_matter how far apart they_may_be_(the two particles must have space-like separation for this to_be realized;_the particles could_then be considered as a single system, distributed in space,_but not in time). Time-like space-time intervals_may explain quantum uncertainty (knowing about one property of a particle