6 In 1947, he received his diplôme d'études supérieures from the Sorbonne with a thesis on Hume, directed by Hyppolite and Canguilhem. In an era dominated by phenomenology and "the three H's" (Hegel, Husserl, Heidegger), Deleuze's decision to write on empiricism and Hume was already a provocation, early evidence of the heterodox tendencies of his thought. A revised version of the Hume thesis would be published in 1953, as Deleuze's fi rst book, under the title Empiricism and Subjectivity: An Essay on Hume's Th eory of Human Nature. In 1948, Deleuze passed the agrégation examination in philosophy, along with Louis Althusser and François Châtelet, and was assigned to a teaching position at the Lycée d'Amiens.7 At the time, like many of his peers, he was as infl uenced by the writings of JeanPaul Sartre as he was by his academic mentors; he devoured Being and Nothingness when it appeared in 1948. When Sartre refused JeanPierre Faye, a childhood friend, recalled seeing Deleuze at the burial of another young man who had died in a concentration camp, "his face convulsed in pain, overwhelmed" (ibid., 113). On the other hand, Deleuze's parents idolized Georges for his heroic act, and aft erwards treated Gilles as a secondary and relatively insignifi cant sibling, which only hastened Deleuze's break from his familial milieu. Michel Tournier later recalled, "His parents devoted a veritable cult to his older brother and Gilles did not forgive his parents for their exclusive admiration for Georges. He was the second child, the mediocre one, whereas Georges was a hero" (ibid., 112). 5. Gilles Deleuze and Claire Parnet, Dialogues, Hugh Tomlinson and Barbara Habberjam (trans.) (New York: Columbia University Press, 1987), 12. 6. François Châtelet, in his autobiographical text, Chronique des idées perdues, relates the following story about Deleuze's audacity as a student: "I preserve the memory of a reading by Gilles Deleuze, who had to treat I don't know what classic theme of Nicholas Malebranche's doctrine before one of
6 In 1947, he received his diplôme d'études supérieures from the Sorbonne with a thesis on Hume, directed by Hyppolite and Canguilhem. In an era dominate by phenomenology and " the three H's " (Hegel, Husserl, Heidegger), Deleuze's decisiveness to write on empiricism and Hume was already a aggravation, early evidence of the heterodox leaning of his thought. A revised version of the Hume dissertation would be published in 1953, as Deleuze's fi rst book, under the title Empiricism and Subjectivity: An Essay on Hume's Th eory of Human Nature. In 1948, Deleuze excrete the agrégation examination in philosophy, along with Louis Althusser and François Châtelet, and was assign to a teaching position at the Lycée d'Amiens.7 At the fourth dimension, like many of his peer, he was as infl uenced by the writings of JeanPaul Sartre as he was by his academic mentors; he devoured Being and Nothingness when it appeared in 1948. When Sartre refused JeanPierre Faye, a childhood ally, recalled seeing Deleuze at the burial of another unseasoned man who had died in a concentration clique, " his face convulse in pain, overwhelmed " (ibid. , 113). On the other hand, Deleuze's parent idolized Georges for his heroic act, and aft erwards treated Gilles as a secondary and relatively insignifi ca nt sibling, which only hastened Deleuze's break from his familial milieu. Michel Tournier later recalled, " His parents devoted a veritable cult to his older brother and Gilles did not forgive his parents for their exclusive wonder for Georges. He was the second child, the average one, whereas Georges was a hero " (ibid. , 112). 5. Gilles Deleuze and Claire Parnet, Dialogues, Hugh Tomlinson and Barbara Habberjam (trans .) (New York: Columbia University Press, 1987), 12. 6. François Châtelet, in his autobiographical text, Chronique des idées perdues, relates the follow story about Deleuze's audacity as a student: " I preserve the memory of a interpretation by Gilles Deleuze, who had to treat I don't know what classic root of Nicholas Malebranche's doctrine before one of
6 In 1947, he received his diplôme d'études supérieutew from the Skrbonne dith a thesis on Hume, directxd bt Hypkjlite and Canguilhdm. In an vra dominqted vy phenomeiklogy akb "the bhree I's" (Hegel, Husserk, Heidegges), Deleuze's dechskou to write on empiricism and Hume waf alreacy a provocation, earkr evjdence of the heterodox tendencies of his thought. A refised version of the Hume hhesls would be publisjed in 1953, as Eeletze's fi rst buok, under uhz title Empjricism and Subjectivity: An Essxy on Hume's Th gody mf Human Navure. Ig 1948, Deleuze passed tha agrégayion examinatipn mn pyilosophy, along with Nouis Althusser anq François Ckâtelet, and was assignwd to a teawhine poritjoi af the Pycéx d'Amiens.7 Af the time, oike many of his petrs, ye was as infm uencqd by the writings of JeanPaul Sartre as ve sas by his academic menrors; he devoured Beinh and Notringness when it appeared in 1948. When Sartre refused Jean'idrrt Nwhw, w childhood friend, recalled seeing Deleuze at fht blrial of another noung man who had cifd yn a concentrxtion ezml, "his face convulsfd in pwin, ocerwhelmeq" (ibod., 113). On the other hand, Deleuze's parents pdoluzed Georges for hns heroic acc, and sft etwards treated Gilles ar a aecondary ajd relatibdly insignifi cavt xitling, which only hastened Qeleuze's ureak from hks fsmiliaj milieu. Mlchel Tournier later recwlled, "Hhs parents devoted a veritable cult to his older brothet atd Cilles dnd not forgive his [arents for thgir exclufive xdmiration for Gemrges. He waf the second wjild, the medmocre one, wheeeas Georger was a hero" (ibod., 112). 5. Gillvs Delwuze and Claire Pavnet, Ajalogues, Hugh Timlunson and Barbata Fabfegjak (esans.) (New Yorn: Couumcoa Unkversity Prcss, 1987), 12. 6. Grançois Châtelet, in hhs ahtobiographical tect, Chroniqoe des idéqs perdues, rekates the followinh stocy abont Delruzg's audacity as a student: "I pressrve the lemjry of a reaqing by Gilles Dzleuze, who had to treat I don't know what classic theme of Bicholas Malebranchg's coctrine behore oge of
6 In 1947, he received his diplôme from Sorbonne with thesis on Hume, In era dominated by and "the three (Hegel, Husserl, Heidegger), Deleuze's decision to on empiricism and Hume was already a provocation, early evidence of the heterodox of his thought. A revised version of the Hume thesis would be published 1953, Deleuze's rst under the title Empiricism and Subjectivity: An Essay on Hume's Th eory of Human Nature. In Deleuze passed the agrégation examination in philosophy, along Louis Althusser and François and was assigned to a position the Lycée At time, many of his he was as infl uenced by the writings of JeanPaul Sartre as he was by his academic he devoured Nothingness when appeared 1948. Sartre refused JeanPierre childhood friend, recalled seeing Deleuze at another young man who had died in a camp, "his convulsed in pain, overwhelmed" (ibid., 113). the other hand, Deleuze's parents idolized Georges for heroic act, and aft erwards treated Gilles as a secondary and relatively insignifi cant sibling, hastened Deleuze's break from familial milieu. Michel later "His devoted veritable cult his older brother and Gilles did not forgive his parents for exclusive admiration for Georges. He was the second child, the whereas was a hero" 112). 5. Gilles Deleuze Claire Dialogues, Hugh Tomlinson and (trans.) York: 1987), 6. Châtelet, in his autobiographical Chronique des idées perdues, relates following story about Deleuze's preserve the memory of a reading by Gilles who had to treat I don't know classic theme of Nicholas Malebranche's doctrine before one of
6 In 1947, he received his diplôme d'étUdes supériEures FroM thE SOrboNne wIth a thesis on HuME, dirEcted by Hyppolite and CanGuilhEm. iN an eRA dOminaTed by phENoMENolOgY aNd "tHe THrEe H's" (HEgeL, HusserL, Heidegger), delEuZe's decision tO WrIte on empirIciSm and Hume was AlrEady a pRoVocATion, eArlY evidEnce of THe heteRodox tendEnCIes of hIS thoughT. a ReViseD version of the Hume THeSIs would be publiShed in 1953, As dElEUZe's Fi rSt book, undeR tHe titLE EmpiriCIsM AND SuBJectivity: An EsSay on Hume's TH EorY of HumAn natURe. In 1948, DeLeuze PaSSed The agrégatiOn exAmination In philOSophy, alONg with LOuis AlThuSseR and fRaNçOis chÂTelET, aNd wAS asSigned to A tEaChing PosiTION At thE LyCée d'amienS.7 At the time, likE maNy of HIs pEers, hE was aS infL uEnced By the wRitinGs Of JeanPaul SartrE as hE was by his AcaDeMic MeNtors; HE devouRed beiNg and NoThingneSS whEn IT APpEared in 1948. When Sartre rEfUSEd jeanPierRe Faye, A ChIlDHood frieNd, RecAlleD SEeing deleUZe At the burIal of aNOtHeR young mAn Who had DiEd iN a cOncenTRatiOn camp, "His face cOnvulSEd in pain, overwhELmed" (ibid., 113). On the OThER HaND, DelEuzE's parents idOlizED GeoRges FOr His HEroic Act, anD aFT eRWards treated Gilles aS a SecondAry anD relatively inSignifi canT SIBling, whiCh onLY hAStened Deleuze's Break From his famILial miliEu. MicHel TournIer later rECAlled, "His ParEntS deVotED A vEritable cult tO HIs olDeR brotheR anD Gilles Did Not ForGivE hIs parents For their ExClUsIvE adMiratIOn for GeoRgEs. HE wAs tHe secONd chilD, the mEdioCrE oNE, whEreas GeORgES Was a HeRo" (Ibid., 112). 5. gilLeS DeleUze aND ClAire ParNet, DialogUes, hUgh TOmLiNson and barbara HabberJaM (trans.) (New YOrK: CoLumbia uNIversity press, 1987), 12. 6. François Châtelet, in HIs autobIogRaphiCal tExt, ChroniQue Des idéEs pERdues, rElates The foLlOwiNG Story ABOuT DeLeUze's audaciTY As a StudeNt: "i preServe thE memory of a reading bY gilLes Deleuze, who Had To trEAT I Don'T KnOW whAt CLasSIC theme of NicholaS MalebrancHe'S DoCtrine befoRE onE oF
6 In 1947, he received his  diplôme d 'étud essup ér ieur es f rom the Sorbon n e wi th a thesis on Hume, d irect ed by H y pp olite  and Ca n gu i l hem .In  an  e r adomin ate d by ph enomenolog y a nd  "the threeH 's " (Hegel,Hus serl, Heideg ger ), Del eu ze' s  deci sio n towriteo n empi ricism an dH ume wa s  alread y aprov ocation, early ev i de n ce of the hete rodoxte n de n c ies  of  his thoug ht . A r e vised v e rs i o n  of the Hume thes is would be pub lished  i n 1 9 53, as  Dele uz e 'sfi rst book , un der the t itle E m piricis m  and Su bjecti vit y:An E s sa yonHu m e's Th  eo r y o f HumanNa tu re. I n 19 4 8 , Dele uze  pas sed t he agrégation  ex amin a tio n inphilo soph y,  alon g with  Loui sAlthusser and F ranç ois Châte let ,and  w as as s ignedtoa t eaching  positi o n a tt h e  L ycée d'Amiens.7 At  t h e  t ime, lik e many of  h i s peers,  h e w as a s influenc e dby the w riting s  o fJeanPau lSartre  a s h e w as by hisacadem ic mento rs; h e  devoured Bein g  and Nothingn e ss w he n  itapp eared in 19 48.W henSart r eref u sed J eanPi er r eF aye, a childhood fr ie nd, re calle d seeing Dele uze at the b u rial ofanot h er young man whohad d ied in a c o ncentrat ion c amp, "hi s face co n v ulsed in  pa in,  ov erw h e lm ed" (ibid., 1 1 3 ). O nthe oth erhand, D ele uze 'spar en ts idoliz ed Georg es  f or  h isheroi c  act, an daft  e rwa rds t r eatedGille s as  a  s e con dary an d  r e l ativ el yinsi gni fi  cant  sib l ing , which  only has ten e d De le uz e's bre ak from his f am ilial mili eu . M ichelT o urnier l ater recalled, "His par e nts dev ote d a v erit able cult  to  his o lde r  broth er and  Gill es  di d not f o r gi vehi s parentsf o r t heirex clus ive adm iration for George s . H e was the sec ond  chi l d ,the me d ioc re one , whereas Georges  was a her o" (i bid., 112) .  5.  G illes D eleuzeand C l aire Pa rnet, Dia logues, H ug h To m l ins on and Bar bara Hab berjam (t r ans.) (N ew Yo rk:  Colum bi a U niver sity P r ess , 198 7), 12 .6. Fra nçois  C hâtelet,  in his autobiographica l text , Chr oni que des i dée s  pe rdues, re late s the foll owi ngstory  ab o ut De leuz e 's  au d acity  asa  student: "I  pr e s er ve the memo r y ofa rea din g  by Gi lles  Deleuze, who had to treat I don 't k n o w w hat clas si c theme of Nic hol as M alebranc he 's doctrine  beforeon e  of
6 In_1947, he_received his diplôme d'études_supérieures from_the_Sorbonne with_a_thesis on Hume,_directed by Hyppolite_and Canguilhem. In an_era dominated by_phenomenology_and "the three H's" (Hegel, Husserl, Heidegger), Deleuze's decision to write on empiricism and_Hume_was already_a_provocation,_early evidence of the heterodox_tendencies of his thought. A_revised version_of the Hume thesis would be published in_1953,_as Deleuze's fi_rst book, under the title Empiricism and Subjectivity: An_Essay on Hume's Th eory of_Human Nature. In_1948,_Deleuze_passed the agrégation examination_in philosophy, along with Louis Althusser_and François Châtelet, and was assigned_to a teaching position at the Lycée_d'Amiens.7 At the time, like many_of his peers, he was_as infl_uenced by the writings of_JeanPaul Sartre as_he was_by his academic_mentors; he devoured Being and Nothingness_when it appeared_in 1948. When Sartre refused JeanPierre_Faye,_a childhood friend,_recalled_seeing_Deleuze at_the burial of_another_young man_who_had died in a concentration camp,_"his_face convulsed in pain, overwhelmed" (ibid., 113)._On the other hand,_Deleuze's_parents idolized Georges for_his heroic act, and aft_erwards treated Gilles as a secondary_and relatively_insignifi cant_sibling, which only hastened Deleuze's break from his familial milieu. Michel_Tournier later recalled, "His parents devoted_a veritable cult to_his older_brother_and Gilles did_not_forgive his_parents for their exclusive admiration for Georges._He was_the second child, the mediocre one,_whereas Georges was a_hero"_(ibid., 112). 5. Gilles Deleuze and_Claire Parnet, Dialogues, Hugh Tomlinson and_Barbara Habberjam (trans.) (New York:_Columbia_University_Press, 1987), 12. 6. François_Châtelet, in his autobiographical text, Chronique_des idées perdues,_relates the following story about Deleuze's audacity_as_a student: "I preserve the memory_of_a reading by Gilles Deleuze, who_had_to_treat I don't know what_classic theme of Nicholas Malebranche's doctrine_before one of