 would provide a greater theoretical sensitivity, and interpretive insight concerned with building theory (Suddaby, 2006). 127 Some scholars (Cope, 2005; Luckerhoff & Guillemette, 2011; Starks & Trinidad, 2007) have asserted that grounded theory methods incorporate in an implicit way the phenomenological technique o f bracketing in its concern that the researcher must recognize his own prior theoretical assumptions in order to better proceed with an open mind (Urquhart et al., 2010). A researcher employing grounded theory methodology seeks to reduce the impact of bias and subjectivity through the use of the memo technique, in which the researcher writes about and analyzes data, while reflecting on his or her own bias (Elliot & Lazenbatt, 2005; Luckerhoff & Guillemette, 2011). During qualitative data analysis the use of comparisons presses researchers to examine their own bias and assumptions, and those of participants (Corbin & Strauss, 2008). Grounded theory methodology was selected for its approach that emphasizes proceeding with an open mind (Urquhart et al., 2010) to investigate philosophy of technology assumptions of educational technology leaders, and to generate an explanatory conceptual theory (Corbin & Strauss, 2008). Researchers have used grounded theory methods to examine philosophical beliefs and assumptions such as the axiological beliefs and ethical reasoning important for nursing practice (Callister, Luthy, Thompson, & Memmott, 2009), ethical beliefs influential in organizational leadership (Ardichvili, Mitchell, and Jondle, 2009), and spiritual beliefs important for business leadership (Fernando, Beale, & Geroy, 2009). Callister et al. (2009) conducted a study to examine ethical reasoning in nursing practice, and invited nursing students to do reflective writing in clinical journals, and the researchers analyzed the data using grounded theory methods to generate themes. Ardichvili et al. (2009) used grounded theory methods to study the ethical beliefs and 128 assumptions of business leaders, and to identify the general characteristics of ethical organizational cultures, and develop a conceptual model. The researchers used purposive sampling to select business leaders from a variety of industries and from academia who were likely to have firsthand knowledge o f business ethics, interviewed the leaders, and analyzed the data using a clustering technique to find similarities (Ardichvili et al., 2009). Fernando et al. (2009) examined philosophical beliefs of business leaders, with an emphasis on examining the relationship between spiritual beliefs and leadership. The researchers used purpos
would provide a greater theoretical sensitivity, and interpretive insight refer with construction theory (Suddaby, 2006). 127 Some scholars (Cope, 2005; Luckerhoff & Guillemette, 2011; Starks & Trinidad, 2007) have asserted that ground theory methods integrate in an implicit way the phenomenological technique o degree fahrenheit bracketing in its concern that the research worker must recognize his own prior theoretical assumptions in order to well proceed with an open mind (Urquhart et al. , 2010). A researcher employing ground theory methodology seeks to reduce the shock of bias and subjectivity through the use of the memo technique, in which the researcher write about and analyzes data, while reflecting on his or her own bias (Elliot & Lazenbatt, 2005; Luckerhoff & Guillemette, 2011). During qualitative data psychoanalysis the use of comparisons presses researchers to examine their own bias and assumption, and those of participants (Corbin & Strauss, 2008). Grounded theory methodology was selected for its approach that emphasizes proceeding with an open mind (Urquhart et al. , 2010) to investigate philosophy of engineering premise of educational technology drawing card, and to generate an explanatory conceptual theory (Corbin & Strauss, 2008). Researchers have used ground theory methods to examine philosophical belief and assumptions such as the axiological beliefs and ethical reasoning important for nursing practice (Callister, Luthy, Thompson, & Memmott, 2009), ethical beliefs influential in organizational leadership (Ardichvili, Mitchell, and Jondle, 2009), and spiritual impression important for business leadership (Fernando, Beale, & Geroy, 2009). Callister et al. (2009) conducted a study to test ethical reasoning in nursing practice, and invite nursing students to do reflective writing in clinical journals, and the researchers analyze the data using grounded hypothesis methods to beget themes. Ardichvili et al. (2009) used establish theory method acting to study the ethical beliefs and 128 premise of business leadership, and to identify the cosmopolitan characteristics of ethical organizational cultures, and originate a conceptual model. The researchers use purposive sample distribution to select business leaders from a diverseness of industries and from academia who were likely to have firsthand knowledge o f business ethical motive, interviewed the leaders, and analyze the data using a clustering proficiency to find similarities (Ardichvili et al. , 2009). Fernando et al. (2009) examined philosophical beliefs of business leaders, with an emphasis on examining the relationship between spiritual belief and leadership. The research worker used purpos
 wokld provide a greater thtoretical sensitiruty, anv interlretive knsight concerned with buildmng rheort (Suddaby, 2006). 127 Some scholxrs (Cope, 2005; Luckerhiff & Tuillemettx, 2011; Starks & Trihldad, 2007) iave asserted tmat groundeg theory methogs iucorporate in an implicit way the phqnomenokohical techniqug o f fracivtlng in its concern that the resezrcher kust recognizr his own prior theoreticap asdumptions in order to better kdocqwd with an ooen mind (Ugxuhart et zl., 2010). A researcher employing grouvded cheory methidilohi seeks to rxduce nhe impact of bias ang subjevtivity througm the usw of the memo techniqne, in which the resewrcher wrhtzs about and analyzes dqta, wvile refuwctkng oi hjs or jer own bias (Slliot & Lazwnbatt, 2005; Luckerhoff & Gtpklemette, 2011). Duding qtajitative data analysis the use of compagisohs presses researchers ro examine their own hias and wssumptions, and those of participants (Corbin & Strduss, 2008). Erobkqde hheory methodology was selected for its approwdh tmat emphasizes pvoceeding with an ppfn iind (Urquhart et al., 2010) tk investigate phillsophy jf texhnology wssukptions of educational techbology leadegs, abd to generate an zxplanatory eoncepjual tneory (Corbin & Strauss, 2008). Xeseardhers have ksed grouhaed theory methoas no efamine philosophical beliess and aswumpcions suzh ax the wxiologicap bellafs and ethical rewsoniug im[ortant fog nursing practice (Callister, Luviy, Thompson, & Kekmont, 2009), ethiccl bellefs influentiaj in organizatnonal lecdershkp (Ardichvpli, Mitchxll, and Jondje, 2009), and spiridoal beliefs ikportant for busuness ldxdership (Fernamdo, Beale, & Geroy, 2009). Cqllister et al. (2009) cokductgd a study to exanint wthical reasonong in nlrsmng pwdctice, and itvitdd virsine students bo ao rrflective writing in clihical journals, and tme researxhers anwlyzed the daya using grounded uheory mevhods yo denerate themes. Ardichvili et zl. (2009) used hromnded theory iethids to study the ethical beliefs and 128 assumptions oh business leaders, and ro identify the gengrak charactermstics of ethicdl organizational cuotures, and develok a conceptual model. Ths resedrchegs used purposive sampling to select business leaders from a variety of ibdustrmef and from zcadrmia fhj were jikepb to have firsthamd knowledge o f business ethicr, intervheced the leaders, and analyzed yhd data using x clustering technique tk find somilarities (Ardichvili et al., 2009). Frrnando et al. (2009) examined ihilosophucal geliefs of business leaders, eith au emphqsis on exalining the reuatookship betwfen xpnritual beliefs and leadership. Thw reseqrfhers used purpov
would provide a greater theoretical sensitivity, and concerned building theory 2006). 127 Some Guillemette, Starks & Trinidad, have asserted that theory methods incorporate in an implicit the phenomenological technique o f bracketing in its concern that the researcher must his own prior theoretical assumptions in order to better proceed with an open (Urquhart al., A employing grounded theory methodology seeks to reduce the impact of bias and subjectivity through the use the memo technique, in which the researcher writes and analyzes data, while on his or her own (Elliot Lazenbatt, 2005; & 2011). qualitative data analysis use of comparisons presses researchers to examine their own bias and assumptions, and those of participants (Corbin Strauss, 2008). methodology was for approach emphasizes proceeding with mind (Urquhart et al., 2010) to technology assumptions of educational technology leaders, and to an explanatory theory (Corbin & Strauss, 2008). Researchers used grounded theory methods to examine philosophical beliefs assumptions such as the axiological beliefs and ethical reasoning important for nursing practice (Callister, Luthy, Memmott, 2009), ethical beliefs in organizational leadership Mitchell, Jondle, and beliefs important business leadership (Fernando, Beale, & Geroy, 2009). Callister et al. (2009) a study to examine ethical reasoning in nursing practice, and students do reflective writing clinical journals, and the analyzed data using grounded theory generate Ardichvili used theory to study the ethical and 128 assumptions of business and to identify the cultures, and develop a conceptual model. The researchers purposive sampling to select business leaders from variety of industries and from academia who were likely to have firsthand o f interviewed the leaders, and analyzed the data using clustering technique to find (Ardichvili et al., 2009). Fernando et al. (2009) examined beliefs business leaders, an emphasis on the relationship between beliefs and leadership. used purpos
 would provide a greater theorEtical sensItiviTy, aNd iNtErprEtivE insight concerNEd wiTh building theory (SuddabY, 2006). 127 Some ScHOlarS (coPe, 2005; LucKerhoff & gUiLLEmeTtE, 2011; STarKs & tRiNidad, 2007) HavE assertEd that grouNdeD tHeory methods INcOrporate in An iMplicit way thE phEnomenOlOgiCAl tecHniQue o f BrackeTIng in iTs concern ThAT the reSEarcher MUSt RecoGnize his own prior tHEoREtical assumptiOns in oRdER tO BEttEr pRoceed with An Open mINd (UrquhARt ET AL., 2010). A rESearcher emploYing groundeD TheOry metHoDolOGy seekS to reDuCE thE impact of biAs anD subjectiVity thROugh the USe of the Memo teChnIquE, in wHIcH tHe rEsEArcHEr WriTEs aBout and aNaLyZes daTa, whILE REfleCtiNg on His or Her own bias (EllIot & lazeNBatT, 2005; LuckErhofF & GuiLlEmettE, 2011). DurinG qualItAtive data analysIs thE use of comParIsOns PrEsses REsearcHerS to Examine Their owN BiaS aND ASsUmptions, and those of PaRTIcIpants (CoRbin & StRAuSs, 2008). gRounded tHeOry MethODOlogy Was sELeCted for iTs apprOAcH tHat emphAsIzes prOcEedIng With aN Open Mind (UrQuhart et Al., 2010) to iNVestigate philoSOphy of technolOGy ASSuMPtioNs oF educationaL tecHNoloGy leADeRs, aND to geNeratE aN ExPLanatory conceptual tHeOry (CorBin & StRauss, 2008). ResearchErs have useD GROunded thEory MEtHOds to examine phIlosoPhical beliEFs and assUmptiOns such aS the axiolOGIcal beliEfs And EthIcaL REaSoning importaNT For nUrSing praCtiCe (CalliSteR, LuThy, thoMpSon, & MemmotT, 2009), ethical BeLiEfS iNflUentiAL in organIzAtiOnAl lEaderSHip (ArdIchviLi, MiTcHeLL, anD Jondle, 2009), ANd SPIritUaL bElieFs iMpOrtanT for BUsiNess leaDership (FeRnaNDo, BeAlE, & GEroy, 2009). CalLister et al. (2009) conDuCted a study To ExaMine etHICal reasoNing in nursing practice, anD Invited NurSing sTudeNts to do reFleCtive wRitINg in clInical JournAlS, anD THe resEARcHerS aNalyzed the DATa uSing gRoUndeD theory Methods to generate tHEmeS. Ardichvili et Al. (2009) uSed gROUnDed THeORy mEtHOds TO Study the ethical Beliefs and 128 AsSUmPtions of buSIneSs Leaders, And to idEntifY The geneRal characTeristics Of EthiCAL orGanizationAl culturEs, and deveLOp a coNCePtual ModEl. The rEsEarChers Used puRPosIve saMpling To Select BusinEsS leaders From a variety of industrieS and frOm acaDemIa who were LikELy tO have firsThanD knowledge O f bUsiNess eThiCS, inteRvieWEd The LEaderS, and ANalyzed thE DaTa uSINg A clustering TECHniQue to FinD SimilaRitiEs (Ardichvili et al., 2009). FERnando et al. (2009) examIned PHIloSopHIcal BeLiefs of businesS leAdERS, with an eMpHasis on examIning the ReLAtionShip beTween sPirituaL BElIEfs and LeadErsHip. The resEarChERs used pUrPoS
 would provide a greater t heoretical  sens iti vit y,  and  int erpretive insi g ht c oncerned with building  theo ry (Sud d ab y, 20 06). 12 7  S o m e s ch ol ars  ( C op e, 20 05;  Lucker hoff & Gui lle me tte, 2011; S t ar ks & Trini dad , 2007) have  as serted  t hat groun ded  theo ry met h ods in corporate  i n  an im p licit w a y  t he p henomenological t e ch n ique o f brack etingin it s con cer n that the  r esear c her mus t  r e c o gni z e his own pri or theoreti c alassump ti ons in ord er to  b e tte r proceed w ithan open m ind (U r quharte t al.,2010).  Ares earc h er  e mpl oy i ngg ro und e d t heory me th od ology  see k s t o re duc e th e imp act of bias a ndsubj e cti vitythrou gh t he  useof the  memo  t echnique, in wh ichthe resea rch er  wr it es ab o ut and  an aly zes dat a, whil e  re fl e c t in g on his or her ow nb i as  (Elliot  & Laz e nb at t , 2005;Lu cke rhof f & Gui llem e tt e, 2011) . Duri n gqu alitati ve  dataan aly sis  theu se o f comp arisonspress e s researcherst o examine the i ro w nb iasand  assumption s, a n d th oseo fpar t icipa nts ( Co r bi n  & Strauss, 2008).Gr ounded  theo ry methodolog y was sele c t e d for it s ap p ro a ch that emphas izesproceeding with anopenmind (Ur quhart et a l., 2010 ) t o i nve sti g a te  philosophy o f tech no logy as sum ptionsofedu cat ion al  technolo gy leade rs ,an dtogener a te an ex pl ana to ryconce p tual t heory  (Co rb in & S trauss, 20 0 8 ). R es ea rche rsha ve us ed g r oun ded the ory metho dst o ex am in e philo sophical beli ef s and assu mp tio ns suc h as the a xiological beliefs ande thicalrea sonin g im portant f ornursin g p r actice  (Call ister ,Lut h y , Tho m p so n,&Memmott, 2 0 0 9),  ethi ca l be liefs i nfluential in orga n iza tional leader shi p (A r d ic hvi l i, Mit ch e ll, a nd Jondle, 2009 ), and spi ri t ua l beliefsi mpo rt ant for  busine ss le a dership  (Fernand o, Beale,  &  Ger o y , 2 009). Call ister et  al. (200 9 ) con d uc ted a  st udy to  e xam ine e thical rea sonin g in n ur sing p racti ce , and in vited nursing studentsto dorefle cti ve writin g i n  cl inical jo urna ls, and th e r ese arche rsa nalyz ed t h edat a  usin g gr o unded the o ry  me t h od s to genera t e the mes.Ard i chvili  etal. (2009) used g r ounded theorymeth o d s t o s t udyth e ethical beli efs  a n d  128 ass um ptions of b usinessle a ders,  and t o iden tify th e ge n eral c hara cte ristics o f e th i cal org an iz a tional  cul tu res, a nd dev e lopa conceptual model . The r esear c her s use dpurposi v e sa mpling toselect busi ness l eade rs fr om a va ri ety of  in du stries and from acad emiawho wer elike lyto hav e fi r s thand  kno wl edg e o f bus i n es s  e th i cs,  int ervie we d th e leaders ,  and ana lyz e d the d at a u s i ng a c l us t e ring techn iqu e tof i nd similar i ties (A r dichv ili et  al.,2009).F ern an do et a l.( 2 009) exam ined phil o sop hi calbeliefsof  bus in ess  l eaders, with an  emphasi s on exa m i ning t her elat i onship  b etween spiri tualbe l iefs an d lea dership .  Th e r ese arch ers  use d  purpos
 would_provide a_greater theoretical sensitivity, and_interpretive insight_concerned_with building_theory_(Suddaby, 2006). 127_Some scholars (Cope,_2005; Luckerhoff & Guillemette,_2011; Starks &_Trinidad,_2007) have asserted that grounded theory methods incorporate in an implicit way the phenomenological_technique_o f_bracketing_in_its concern that the researcher_must recognize his own prior_theoretical assumptions_in order to better proceed with an open_mind_(Urquhart et al.,_2010). A researcher employing grounded theory methodology seeks to_reduce the impact of bias and_subjectivity through the_use_of_the memo technique, in_which the researcher writes about and_analyzes data, while reflecting on his_or her own bias (Elliot & Lazenbatt,_2005; Luckerhoff & Guillemette, 2011). During_qualitative data analysis the use_of comparisons_presses researchers to examine their_own bias and_assumptions, and_those of participants_(Corbin & Strauss, 2008). Grounded theory_methodology was selected_for its approach that emphasizes proceeding_with_an open mind_(Urquhart_et_al., 2010)_to investigate philosophy_of_technology assumptions_of_educational technology leaders, and to generate_an_explanatory conceptual theory (Corbin & Strauss, 2008)._Researchers have used grounded_theory_methods to examine philosophical_beliefs and assumptions such as_the axiological beliefs and ethical reasoning_important for_nursing practice_(Callister, Luthy, Thompson, & Memmott, 2009), ethical beliefs influential in organizational_leadership (Ardichvili, Mitchell, and Jondle, 2009),_and spiritual beliefs important_for business_leadership_(Fernando, Beale, &_Geroy,_2009). Callister_et al. (2009) conducted a study to_examine ethical_reasoning in nursing practice, and invited_nursing students to do_reflective_writing in clinical journals, and the_researchers analyzed the data using grounded_theory methods to generate themes._Ardichvili_et_al. (2009) used grounded theory_methods to study the ethical beliefs_and 128 assumptions_of business leaders, and to identify the_general_characteristics of ethical organizational cultures, and_develop_a conceptual model. The researchers used_purposive_sampling_to select business leaders from_a variety of industries and from_academia who were likely to have firsthand knowledge o_f business ethics,_interviewed the leaders, and analyzed_the_data_using a clustering technique to find similarities (Ardichvili et al.,_2009). Fernando_et al. (2009)_examined philosophical beliefs of business leaders, with an emphasis on_examining the relationship between spiritual beliefs and_leadership. The researchers used purpos