 does a good job of showing how philosophical ways of thinking can bear upon contemporary societal issues. One example of this is Gary Gutting's 'Who Needs a Gun?' In this essay, Gutting addresses the recent gun violence that has occurred in the United States. He criticizes arguments that are typically offered for why we need guns. For example, he claims that it is 'beyond fantasy' (p. 684) that, in our time, a gun owner could oppose the force of a repressive government-a typical argument given for gun ownership. It is my hope that more philosophers contribute to debates such as this one in the future. The Stone Reader: Modern Philosophy in 133 Arguments can be recommended to those new to philosophy, as well as to those with multiple stamps on their philosophical passport. For the newcomer, one will find a rich assortment of essays, largely free of any technical vocabulary, that span a large breadth of topics. For the experienced philosopher, one is likely to walk away with some new perspectives on familiar topics. It is an understatement, perhaps as large as the number of essays in this volume, to say that I have only been able to scratch the surface of The Stone Reader in this review. What I have hoped to convey is the importance, the scope, and the accessibility of the volume. Adam Andreotta The University of Western Australia 89 © The Limina Editorial Collective http://www.limina.arts.uwa.edu.au Reid on the priority of natural language* JOHN TURRI john.turri@gmail.com Abstract: Thomas Reid distinguished between natural and artificial language and argued that natural language has a very specific sort of priority over artificial language. This paper critically interprets Reid's discussion, extracts a Reidian explanatory argument for the priority of natural language, and places Reid's thought in the broad tradition of Cartesian linguistics. 1. Introduction Noam Chomsky's work on human language reignited a dormant tradition of studying language as a way of revealing something im- portant about human nature (Chomsky 1957). Chomsky traces the roots of his approach back through Wilhelm von Humboldt and Rene Descartes (Chomsky 1966). This tradition - what Chomsky calls Cartesian linguistics - treats the creative human use of lan- guage as especially noteworthy, in two senses. On the one hand, the available evidence seems woefully inadequate to account for the lin- guistic competence humans acquire. On the other
does a good job of showing how philosophic way of thinking can bear upon contemporary social issues. One exercise of this is Gary Gutting's' Who Needs a Gun?' In this essay, Gutting addresses the late grease-gun violence that has happen in the United States. He criticizes arguments that are typically propose for why we need guns. For exemplar, he claim that it is' beyond fantasy' (p. 684) that, in our meter, a gun owner could oppose the military unit of a repressive government - a typical argumentation given for gun ownership. It is my hope that more philosopher contribute to debates such as this one in the future. The Stone Reader: Modern Philosophy in 133 Arguments can be recommended to those new to philosophy, equally well as to those with multiple stamps on their philosophical passport. For the newcomer, one will find a rich assortment of essay, largely free of any technical vocabulary, that span a large breadth of topics. For the experienced philosopher, one is likely to walk away with some new perspectives on familiar subject. It is an understatement, perhaps as big as the numeral of essays in this volume, to say that I have merely been able to scratch the surface of The Stone Reader in this review. What I have hoped to bring is the importance, the scope, and the accessibility of the volume. Adam Andreotta The University of Western Australia 89 © The Limina Editorial Collective http://www.limina.arts.uwa.edu.au Reid on the priority of natural language * JOHN TURRI john.turri@gmail.com Abstract: Thomas Reid distinguish between natural and artificial language and argued that natural language has a very specific kind of precedence over artificial linguistic process. This paper critically interprets Reid's discussion, extracts a Reidian explanatory controversy for the priority of natural language, and place Reid's thought in the broad tradition of Cartesian linguistics. 1. Introduction Noam Chomsky's oeuvre on human language reignite a dormant tradition of studying language as a way of uncover something im- portant about human nature (Chomsky 1957). Chomsky traces the solution of his approach back through Wilhelm von Humboldt and Rene Descartes (Chomsky 1966). This custom - what Chomsky calls Cartesian linguistics - treats the creative human use of lan- guage as specially noteworthy, in two senses. On the one hired hand, the available evidence seems deplorably inadequate to account for the lin- guistic competence humans acquire. On the other
 dofs a good job of showing how philosophieql wayv of tginking zan bear upon contemporary slcuetal issues. One example of this is Hary Gutring'w 'Who Needs a Gun?' Ik thia esscy, Gutting addrexses the racent gun violanze that has occurred in the United Stwtes. He cgiticizes arguientx thaf are typically offered for why we need glns. For example, hr claims that it is 'beyond fanhasy' (p. 684) that, in oug time, a gub owgwr could oppuse the fogee of a reptessive government-a typical arguoent yiven for gou owjgrship. It is my hjpe that morc philovophers contribute to deuatew such as this one in the future. The Stjne Reades: Jodern Philosophy ib 133 Arcumetts zqn ce deromjended to those new to philosophy, as well as to tnofv with multipme staipf on their philosophical passport. For tve hewcomer, one will find q rich assortment of gssays, lardely free of any technical vocabulary, that span a largx creceth ow tlpics. For the experienced philosopher, one is jjktly to walk away cith some new petsoevjives on familkar to'jca. It is an understwtement, perhqps as lawge ss the number of essays in rhis volume, no sqy that I have onlv been able co scrstch yhe surface of The Stonz Readsr in this geview. Whzg I have hoped tu cpneey is the importance, the fcope, and the accesskbiloty of the volumf. Adam Andreotta The Unigersijy of Festern Audtralia 89 © The Limina Editorial Rpllective htjp://wfw.lpmina.arts.bwa.edu.su Reid on thq priority of uatural janguxge* JOHN TLRRI john.vurri@gmail.coi Abstract: Thmlas Reid disvinguisheq berweeb naturxu and artificisl languayt and arguwd that natural lakguagg gas a very specnyix sort of prioroty ovqr actifishal language. Thir pxler cfitically iktefpreys Reid's discussion, axtrzcts a Reidian expkakatory artument fjr the prioriyy of natural langkage, end pleces Rrid'f thought in the broad traditikn of Carheslan linguistiss. 1. Lntrjduction Npam Chomsky's work on human language reijnited a dormant tradijion of studying langoagt as a way of revewling somathing im- portant abiut human nature (Ghomsky 1957). Chomsky tracea the soots of his approach back through Wilhelm von Humboldt and Rene Descartes (Chonsky 1966). Vhys traditioh - wnat Cvoixky cajls Ractesian linguistibs - treats the creative human usx of lan- ggaye as especially noteworthy, im gwo senses. On the one hand, the availagle evidrnce seems woefully inadequate yo account for the lin- gmistic conpetehce humans acquire. On the otner
does a good job of showing how of can bear contemporary societal issues. Gary 'Who Needs a In this essay, addresses the recent gun violence that occurred in the United States. He criticizes arguments that are typically offered for we need guns. For example, he claims that it is 'beyond fantasy' (p. that, our a owner could oppose the force of a repressive government-a typical argument given for gun ownership. It my hope that more philosophers contribute to debates as this one in future. The Stone Reader: Modern in Arguments can recommended those to philosophy, as as to those with multiple stamps on their philosophical passport. For the newcomer, one will find a assortment of free of technical that a large breadth For the experienced philosopher, one is away with some new perspectives on familiar topics. is an perhaps as large as the number essays in this volume, to say that I only been able to scratch the surface of The Stone Reader in this review. What hoped to convey is importance, the scope, the of volume. Andreotta The of Western Australia 89 © The Limina Editorial Collective http://www.limina.arts.uwa.edu.au Reid the priority of natural language* JOHN TURRI john.turri@gmail.com Abstract: Thomas between and artificial language argued that natural language a specific sort of priority language. paper discussion, a explanatory argument for the of natural language, and places thought in the broad Introduction Noam Chomsky's work on human language reignited dormant tradition of studying language as a of revealing something im- portant about human nature (Chomsky 1957). Chomsky traces roots of back through Wilhelm von Humboldt and Rene Descartes 1966). This tradition - Chomsky calls Cartesian linguistics - treats the creative human of guage as noteworthy, in two On the one the available evidence inadequate to for lin- acquire. On the other
 does a good job of showing how pHilosophicAl wayS of ThiNkIng cAn beAr upon contempoRAry sOcietal issues. One examplE of thIs IS GarY guTting'S 'Who NeeDS a gUN?' In ThIs EssAy, gUtTing aDdrEsses thE recent gun VioLeNce that has ocCUrRed in the UnIteD States. He criTicIzes arGuMenTS that Are TypicAlly ofFEred foR why we neeD gUNs. For eXAmple, he CLAiMs thAt it is 'beyond fantaSY' (p. 684) THat, in our time, a gUn owneR cOUlD OPpoSe tHe force of a RePressIVe goverNMeNT-A TypICal argument giVen for gun owNErsHip. It iS mY hoPE that mOre phIlOSopHers contribUte tO debates sUch as tHIs one in THe futurE. The StOne reaDer: MODeRn phiLoSOphY In 133 argUMenTs can be rEcOmMendeD to tHOSE New tO phIlosOphy, aS well as to thosE wiTh muLTipLe staMps on TheiR pHilosOphicaL passPoRt. For the newcomeR, one Will find a RicH aSsoRtMent oF Essays, LarGelY free of Any techNIcaL vOCABuLary, that span a large BrEADtH of topicS. For thE ExPeRIenced phIlOsoPher, ONE is liKely TO wAlk away wIth somE NeW pErspectIvEs on faMiLiaR toPics. IT Is an UndersTatement, PerhaPS as large as the nUMber of essays iN ThIS VoLUme, tO saY that I have oNly bEEn abLe to SCrAtcH The suRface Of tHe sTone Reader in this revIeW. What I Have hOped to convey iS the importANCE, the scopE, and THe ACcessibility of The voLume. Adam AnDReotta ThE UnivErsity of western AuSTRalia 89 © The limIna ediTorIAL COllective http://WWW.limInA.arts.uwA.edU.au Reid On tHe pRioRitY oF natural lAnguage* JoHn TuRrI JohN.turrI@Gmail.com abStrAcT: ThOmas REId distInguiShed BeTwEEn nAtural aND aRTIficIaL lAnguAge AnD arguEd thAT naTural laNguage has A veRY speCiFiC sort of Priority over aRtIficial lanGuAge. this paPER criticaLly interprets Reid's discuSSion, extRacTs a ReIdiaN explanatOry ArgumeNt fOR the prIority Of natUrAl lANGuage, AND pLacEs reid's thougHT In tHe broAd TradItion of cartesian linguistiCS. 1. InTroduction NoaM ChOmskY'S WoRk oN HuMAn lAnGUagE REignited a dormanT tradition Of STuDying languAGe aS a Way of reVealing SometHIng im- poRtant abouT human natUrE (ChoMSKy 1957). CHomsky tracEs the rooTs of his apPRoach BAcK throUgh wilhelM vOn HUmbolDt and RENe DEscarTes (ChoMsKy 1966). This TradiTiOn - what ChOmsky calls Cartesian lingUisticS - treaTs tHe creativE huMAn uSe of lan- guAge aS especiallY noTewOrthy, In tWO sensEs. On THe One HAnd, thE avaILable evidENcE seEMS wOefully inadEQUAte To accOunT For the Lin- gUistic competence hUMans acquire. On tHe otHER
 does a good job of showin g how phil osoph ica l w ay s of  thi nking can bear upon  contemporary societal  issu es .  One ex ample  of thi s  i s Gar yGu tti ng ' s'WhoNee ds a Gu n?' In thi s e ss ay, Guttinga dd resses the  re cent gun vio len ce tha thas occur red  in t he Uni t ed Sta tes. He c ri t icizes argumen t s  t hatare typically off e re d  for why we ne ed gun s. Fo r exa mpl e, he clai ms  that it is ' b ey o n d  fa n tasy' (p. 684 ) that, ino urtime,agun ownercould  o p pos e the force  ofa repress ive go v ernment - a typic al arg ume ntgive n  f or  gu no wne r sh ip. Itis my ho pe  t hat m orep h i l osop her s co ntrib ute to debate s s ucha s t his o ne in  the  f uture . TheStone  R eader: Modern P hilo sophy in133  A rgu me nts c a n be r eco mme nded to  thosen ewto p h il osophy, as well as  t o th ose with  multi p le  s t amps onth eir  phi l o sophi calp as sport. F or the ne wc omer, o ne  willfi nda r ich a s sort ment o f essays , lar g ely free of an y  technical vo c ab u l ar y , th atspan a larg e br e adth  oft op ics .  Forthe e xp e ri e nced philosopher, o ne  is li kelyto walk awaywith somen e w  perspec tive s  o n  familiar topi cs. I t is an un d erstatem ent,perhapsas largea s  the num ber  of  es say s in  this volume, t o sa ythat Ihav e onlybee n a ble  to  s cratch th e surfac eof  T he  St one R e ader inth isre vie w. Wh a t I ha ve ho pedto  c o nve y is th e  i m p orta nc e,  the  sc op e, an d th e  ac cessibi lity of t hev olum e.  A dam And reotta The Un iv ersity ofWe ste rn Aus t r alia 89© The Limina EditorialC ollecti vehttp: //ww w.limina. art s.uwa. edu . au Rei d on t he pr io rit y of na t u ra l l an guage* JOH N TUR RI jo hn .tur ri@gmai l.com Abstract: Th o mas  Reid disting uis hedb e tw een na t ura la nda r tificial langua ge and arg ue d  t hat natura l  la ng uage ha s a ver y spe c ific so rt of pri ority ove rarti f i cia l language . This p aper crit i cally in terpr ets  Reid' sdis cussi on, ex t rac ts aReidia nexplan atory  a rgumentfor the priority of nat ural l angua ge,  and plac esR eid 's though t in  the broad  tr adi tionofC artes ianl in gui s tics.  1.I ntroducti o nNoa m Ch omsky's wor k o n h umanlan g uage r eign ited a dormant tr a dition of stud ying l ang uag e  asaway of reveali ngso m e thing im -portant abo ut human  n a ture(Choms ky 195 7). Cho m s ky traces  the  ro ots of hi s a pp r oach ba ck  t h roughWilh el m vonHumbol d t an d Rene Descartes ( Choms k y  1966 ) . T his t ra dition-  wha t Chomskycalls Carte sian l ingu istic s - tre at s thecre at ive humanu se of lan - gua ge as e sp ecia lly  notew orth y ,  in t wo s en ses . On theo n eh an d, the  ava ilabl eevid ence seem s  woefull y i n adequat etoa c countf or t he lin- gu ist ic co m p etence hum a ns a c qu i re. O n theother
 does_a good_job of showing how_philosophical ways_of_thinking can_bear_upon contemporary societal_issues. One example_of this is Gary_Gutting's 'Who Needs_a_Gun?' In this essay, Gutting addresses the recent gun violence that has occurred in_the_United States._He_criticizes_arguments that are typically offered_for why we need guns._For example,_he claims that it is 'beyond fantasy' (p._684)_that, in our_time, a gun owner could oppose the force of_a repressive government-a typical argument given_for gun ownership._It_is_my hope that more_philosophers contribute to debates such as_this one in the future. The_Stone Reader: Modern Philosophy in 133 Arguments_can be recommended to those new_to philosophy, as well as_to those_with multiple stamps on their_philosophical passport. For_the newcomer,_one will find_a rich assortment of essays, largely_free of any_technical vocabulary, that span a large_breadth_of topics. For_the_experienced_philosopher, one_is likely to_walk_away with_some_new perspectives on familiar topics. It_is_an understatement, perhaps as large as the_number of essays in_this_volume, to say that_I have only been able_to scratch the surface of The_Stone Reader_in this_review. What I have hoped to convey is the importance, the_scope, and the accessibility of the_volume. Adam Andreotta The_University of_Western_Australia 89 ©_The_Limina Editorial_Collective http://www.limina.arts.uwa.edu.au Reid on the priority of_natural language*_JOHN TURRI john.turri@gmail.com Abstract: Thomas Reid_distinguished between natural and_artificial_language and argued that natural language_has a very specific sort of_priority over artificial language. This_paper_critically_interprets Reid's discussion, extracts a_Reidian explanatory argument for the priority_of natural language,_and places Reid's thought in the broad_tradition_of Cartesian linguistics. 1. Introduction Noam_Chomsky's_work on human language reignited a_dormant_tradition_of studying language as a_way of revealing something im- portant_about human nature (Chomsky 1957). Chomsky traces the roots_of his approach_back through Wilhelm von Humboldt_and_Rene_Descartes (Chomsky 1966). This tradition - what Chomsky calls Cartesian_linguistics -_treats the creative_human use of lan- guage as especially noteworthy, in two_senses. On the one hand, the available_evidence seems woefully inadequate to account for the lin- guistic competence_humans acquire. On the other