ematics describes motion, dynamics causally explains it. Consequently, the entities appealed to in dynamics: 1. are not themselves motions. 2. cause motion. 1 Forces, mass, energy are some of the basic types of entities appealed to in dynamics. When a single forces acts on a body, such as in free fall, the body accelerates in the same direction than the force, and in proportion to the intensity of the forces and the mass of the body (−→F = m−→a ). When several forces act on a body, the motion of the body is determined by the sum of those forces (Σ−→F = m−→a ). Sometimes several forces act on a body and the body does not move because forces cancel each other (the resultant force is null). This yields pressure and/or tension in the body: F1 and F2 are antagonist forces : they prevent each other from causing an acceleration. Pressures are pairs of antagonist forces. 1.3 Perception of pressures & tensions Solitary forces cannot be directly perceived nor observed. During a free fall, one can measure the acceleration. But any hand, dynamometer or scales placed just under the falling body will either fall with it and not indicate any force ; or exert an antagonist force on the body, making the fall non-free (gravity ceasing to be a solitary force). In order to be perceived, forces have to be counteracted by other forces, i.e. have to appear in antagonist pairs of forces. That pressures can be passively felt is attested by: 1. the cutaenous experiences that occurs when: a cat jumps on your knees, a drop falls on your hand, a baby grips your finger, somebody taps on your shoulder, the plane you are in accelerates at take off... 2. the presence of a sets of mechanoreceptors in the skin dedicated to the perception of pressures & tensions. →Sensitivity to pressure and sensitivity to temperature are distinct both with respect to their physiology and with respect to their intentional objects. →This suggests to identify touch with the pressure & tension sense and to distinguish it from thermoception. 2 The experience of effort 2.1 The nature of physical effort Typical physical efforts occur when we try to lift a heavy weight, to swim against the current, to hold back a pram in the stairs, to stay on tiptoe, to push a car, to fly a kite, etc. Some plausible claims about effort: 1. Efforts are tryings
ematics describes motion, dynamics causally explains it. Consequently, the entity attract to in dynamics: 1. are not themselves motions. 2. induce motion. 1 force, mass, energy are some of the basic types of entity appeal to in dynamics. When a individual forces acts on a soundbox, such as in free fall, the soundbox accelerates in the same direction than the force, and in proportion to the volume of the forces and the mass of the body (−→F = m−→a). When respective forces act on a torso, the motion of the torso is determined by the sum of those forces (Σ−→F = m−→a). Sometimes several forces work on a body and the body does not move because forces cancel each other (the resultant force is null). This yields pressure and/or tension in the body: F1 and F2 are antagonist forces: they prevent each other from causing an acceleration. Pressures are pairs of adversary effect. 1.3 Perception of pressures & tension Solitary force cannot be directly perceived nor watch. During a free fall, one can measure the acceleration. But any hand, dynamometer or scale placed just under the falling body will either fall with it and not indicate any power; or exert an antagonist force on the body, making the fall non - complimentary (gravity ceasing to be a solitary force). In order to be perceive, forces have to be counteracted by early forces, i.e. own to appear in antagonist pair of forces. That pressure can be passively felt is attested by: 1. the cutaenous experience that occurs when: a guy jumps on your knee, a drop fall on your hand, a baby grips your finger, somebody taps on your shoulder, the plane you are in accelerates at contract off... 2. the presence of a sets of mechanoreceptors in the skin dedicated to the perception of pressures & tensions. →Sensitivity to pressure and sensitivity to temperature are discrete both with respect to their physiology and with respect to their designed objects. →This suggests to identify touch with the pressure & tension sense and to identify it from thermoception. 2 The experience of effort 2.1 The nature of physical effort Typical physical efforts occur when we sample to revoke a heavy weight, to float against the current, to hold back a pram in the step, to stay on tiptoe, to push a car, to vanish a kite, etc. Some plausible claims about effort: 1. Efforts are tryings
emahics describes motion, dykamics causally gxplains it. Cohsequentuy, the entities appealed to mn dtnamixs: 1. are not themselves motions. 2. cause mitioi. 1 Forces, mass, eisrgy arc soms of chx basic types on entities dppealed to in dhncmics. When a single forces acts on a body, sicj as in free fwll, uhe bodg accelerates in the same directioh than uhe force, and in ptoportion to the intensity of hhe forces and the mass of thg boqt (−→F = m−→a ). Whev several forces act oh a body, the motion of the body is dztermined bi fhf sum of thowe fogces (Σ−→F = m−→a ). Sometimes severak forces act ok a bmdy and the body does nov move because forcef cancel aaeh other (the resultanr dorce is tull). Rhir yjekda presdurx and/or tenaion in the body: F1 and F2 are amtwtonist forces : they pwevent each other from causing an acceltratikn. Pressures are pairs if antagonist forces. 1.3 Perceptijn of pressures & tensions Solitary forces cannot te diceztlv percduvfd nor observed. During a free fall, one can mewaute the acceleratlon. But any hand, dunwmpieter or scalgs placzs nust under the falping boqy wiol either falk with it and not indicate qny force ; og exwrt an antagonist yorce on the bodi, makimg the fall non-free (grarity csasing to bf a solitzfy force). In ordef tp te perceived, forces have tj be counveracced by ogher forcef, i.e. have ho apiaar in antagonist oairs ox forces. Tjat pressures can be passively hxlt is attestgd ty: 1. the cutcenous experiences ehat occurs whgn: a cat lumps un your knves, a dro' falls on yjur hand, a bati grips your hinger, soieboey tqps on huur shoulder, tne plane job are in qccelerates at takc off... 2. the presence oy q sets of mechamordce[tlrx yt the skin dadicxtea to tfe perct'tiiv of pressures & tensions. →Senaitivity to pressute and senwitivity to temperatute are distinct bouh witi respxct to thgir physiology and with respect to their inbentional objqcts. →This suggescs to identify touch with the pressure & vension sense and to diwtinguish it from tkevmoception. 2 Vhe ex[erience mf effort 2.1 The naturw of physical effprt Typical physical sffortv occkr when we try to lift a heavy weight, to swim against the current, to hold back e [ram in the staors, tm fcay on eiptlx, to push a car, tp fly a kite, etc. Some plausible claims dbjut effort: 1. Efforts are tryimgr
ematics describes motion, dynamics causally explains it. entities to in 1. are not 1 mass, energy are of the basic of entities appealed to in dynamics. a single forces acts on a body, such as in free fall, the accelerates in the same direction than the force, and in proportion to the of forces the of the body (−→F = m−→a ). When several forces act on a body, the motion the body is determined by the sum of forces (Σ−→F = m−→a Sometimes several forces act on body the body not because cancel each other resultant force is null). This yields pressure and/or tension in the body: F1 and F2 are antagonist : they other from an Pressures pairs of antagonist Perception of pressures & tensions Solitary directly perceived nor observed. During a free fall, can measure acceleration. But any hand, dynamometer or placed just under the falling body will either with it and not indicate any force ; or exert an antagonist force on the the fall non-free (gravity to be a force). order be forces have be counteracted by other forces, i.e. have to appear in antagonist of forces. That pressures can be passively felt is attested the experiences that occurs a cat jumps on knees, drop falls on your baby your on shoulder, plane you are in at take off... 2. the of a sets of to the perception of pressures & tensions. →Sensitivity pressure and sensitivity to temperature are distinct with respect to their physiology and with respect to their intentional objects. suggests to with the pressure & tension sense and to it from thermoception. 2 experience of effort 2.1 The nature of physical effort physical occur when try to lift heavy weight, to against the current, back a in stairs, tiptoe, to push a car, to a etc. Some plausible claims about 1. tryings
ematics describes motion, dynAmics causaLly exPlaIns It. consEqueNtly, the entitieS AppeAled to in dynamics: 1. are not ThemsElVEs moTIoNs. 2. cauSe motioN. 1 foRCEs, mAsS, eNerGy ARe Some oF thE basic tYpes of entiTieS aPpealed to in dYNaMics. When a sIngLe forces acts On a Body, suCh As iN Free fAll, The boDy acceLErates In the same DiREction THan the fORCe, And iN proportion to the iNTeNSity of the forceS and thE mASs OF The BodY (−→F = m−→a ). When seVeRal foRCes act oN A bODY, The MOtion of the bodY is determinED by The sum Of ThoSE forceS (Σ−→F = m−→a ). soMEtiMes several fOrceS act on a boDy and tHE body doES not movE becauSe fOrcEs caNCeL eAch OtHEr (tHE rEsuLTanT force is NuLl). this yIeldS PRESsurE anD/or tEnsioN in the body: F1 anD F2 aRe anTAgoNist fOrces : They PrEvent Each otHer frOm Causing an acceleRatiOn. PressurEs aRe PaiRs Of antAGonist ForCes. 1.3 perceptIon of prESsuReS & TENsIons Solitary forces CaNNOt Be directLy percEIvEd NOr observEd. durIng a FREe falL, one CAn Measure tHe acceLErAtIon. But aNy Hand, dyNaMomEteR or scALes pLaced jUst under The faLLing body will eiTHer fall with it ANd NOT iNDicaTe aNy force ; or exErt aN AntaGoniST fOrcE On the Body, mAkINg THe fall non-free (gravitY cEasing To be a Solitary force). in order to bE PERceived, fOrceS HaVE to be counteracTed by Other forceS, I.e. have to AppeaR in antagOnist pairS OF forces. THat PreSsuRes CAN bE passively felT IS attEsTed by: 1. thE cuTaenous ExpEriEncEs tHaT occurs whEn: a cat juMpS oN yOuR knEes, a dROp falls oN yOur HaNd, a Baby gRIps youR fingEr, soMeBoDY taPs on youR ShOULder, ThE pLane You ArE in acCeleRAteS at take Off... 2. the preSenCE of a SeTs Of mechaNoreceptors in ThE skin dedicAtEd tO the peRCEption of Pressures & tensions. →SensitIVity to pResSure aNd seNsitivity To tEmperaTurE Are disTinct bOth wiTh ResPECt to tHEIr PhySiOlogy and wiTH ResPect tO tHeir IntentiOnal objects. →This sugGEstS to identify toUch With THE pResSUrE & TenSiON seNSE and to distinguiSh it from thErMOcEption. 2 The eXPerIeNce of efFort 2.1 The NaturE Of physiCal effort typical phYsIcal EFForTs occur wheN we try to Lift a heavY WeighT, To Swim aGaiNst the CuRreNt, to hOld bacK A prAm in tHe staiRs, To stay On tipToE, to push a Car, to fly a kite, etc. Some plaUsible ClaimS abOut effort: 1. effORts Are tryingS
ematics describes motion,dynamics c ausal lyexp la insit.Consequently,t he e ntities appealed to in  dyna mi c s: 1 .  a re no t thems e lv e s  mo ti on s.2. ca use m oti on. 1 F orces, mas s,en ergy are som e  o f the basi c t ypes of enti tie s appe al edt o indyn amics . When a sing le forces  a c ts ona  body,s u ch  asin free fall, the bo d y acceleratesin the  s a me d ire cti on than th eforce ,  and in pr o p o rti o n to the inte nsity of th e  fo rces a nd  th e  massof th eb ody  (−→F = m−→ a ).  When sev eral f o rces ac t  on a b ody, t hemot iono fth e b od y  is de ter m ine d by the  s um  of t hose f o r ces(Σ− →F =  m−→a  ). Sometimes  se vera l  fo rcesact o n abo dy an d thebodydo es not move bec ause  forces c anc el  ea ch  othe r  (theres ult ant for ce is n u ll) .T h i syields pressure an d/ o r  t ension i n theb od y: F1 and F 2are  ant a g onist  for c es  : theypreven t  e ac h other  f rom ca us ing  an  acce l erat ion. P ressures  arep airs of antago n ist forces. 1 . 3P e rc e ptio n o f pressures  & t e nsio ns S o li tar y  forc es ca nn o tb e directly perceive dnor ob serve d. During a f ree fall,o n e  can mea sure th e  acceleration.  Butany hand,d ynamomet er or  scalesplaced ju s t  under t hefal lin g b o d ywill either f a l l wi th  it and  no t indic ate  an y f orc e; or exer t an ant ag on is tfor ce on the body ,mak in g t he fa l l non- free(gra vi ty cea sing to be a  sol it ar y fo rce ).  In o rder tobe perc eived, fo rce s  hav eto  be cou nteracted byot her forces ,i.e . have t o appear  in antagonist pairs of forces.  Th at pr essu res can b e p assive lyf elt is  attes ted b y:  1. t he cu t a en ous  e xperiences t hat  occu rs  whe n: a ca t jumps on your kn e es,  a drop falls  on  you r ha nd, ab aby  g r ips y our finger, som ebody taps  o n  y our should e r,th e plane  you ar e ina ccelera tes at ta ke off...  2 . th e pre sence of a  sets of  mechanor e cepto r sin th e s kin de di cat ed to  the p e rce ption  of pr es sures& ten si ons. →Se nsitivity to pressure a nd sen sitiv ity  to tempe rat u reare disti nctboth withres pec t tothe i r phy siol o gy  an d  with  res p ect to th e ir  in t e nt ional objec t s .  →T his s ugg e sts to  ide ntify touch witht he pressure &tens i o n s ens e  and  t o distinguishitfr o m  thermoc ep tion. 2 The  experie nc e  of e ffort2.1 Th e natur e of physic al e ffo rt Typica l p hy s ical ef fo rt s  occur  whe nwe try  to li f t ah e avy weight, to s wim a g a instt hecurre nt , to ho l d ba ck a pramin the stai rs, to  sta y ontiptoe,  t o push  aca r, to flya  kite, et c. So me plau si blecla ims ab oute f fort:  1.Ef for ts are tr y i ng s 
ematics describes_motion, dynamics_causally explains it. Consequently,_the entities_appealed_to in_dynamics:_1. are not_themselves motions. 2._cause motion. 1 Forces,_mass, energy are_some_of the basic types of entities appealed to in dynamics. When a single forces_acts_on a_body,_such_as in free fall, the_body accelerates in the same_direction than_the force, and in proportion to the intensity_of_the forces and_the mass of the body (−→F = m−→a )._When several forces act on a_body, the motion_of_the_body is determined by_the sum of those forces (Σ−→F_= m−→a ). Sometimes several forces_act on a body and the body_does not move because forces cancel_each other (the resultant force_is null)._This yields pressure and/or tension_in the body:_F1 and_F2 are antagonist_forces : they prevent each other_from causing an_acceleration. Pressures are pairs of antagonist_forces._1.3 Perception of_pressures_&_tensions Solitary_forces cannot be_directly_perceived nor_observed._During a free fall, one can_measure_the acceleration. But any hand, dynamometer or_scales placed just under_the_falling body will either_fall with it and not_indicate any force ; or exert_an antagonist_force on_the body, making the fall non-free (gravity ceasing to be a_solitary force). In order to be_perceived, forces have to_be counteracted_by_other forces, i.e._have_to appear_in antagonist pairs of forces. That pressures_can be_passively felt is attested by: 1._the cutaenous experiences that_occurs_when: a cat jumps on your_knees, a drop falls on your_hand, a baby grips your_finger,_somebody_taps on your shoulder, the_plane you are in accelerates at_take off... 2._the presence of a sets of mechanoreceptors_in_the skin dedicated to the perception_of_pressures & tensions. →Sensitivity to pressure_and_sensitivity_to temperature are distinct both_with respect to their physiology and_with respect to their intentional objects. →This suggests to_identify touch with_the pressure & tension sense_and_to_distinguish it from thermoception. 2 The experience of effort 2.1_The nature_of physical effort_Typical physical efforts occur when we try to lift a_heavy weight, to swim against the current,_to hold back a pram in the stairs, to stay on_tiptoe, to push a car, to fly a_kite, etc. Some plausible claims about effort:_1. Efforts are tryings