(e), 2004). Th is text originally appeared in the French journal Arts (November 28, 1964), one month aft er Sartre refused the Nobel Prize in Literature. 9. For an analysis of the institutional context of French philosophy, see Alan D. Schrift, TwentiethCentury French Philosophy: Key Th emes and Th inkers (Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2006), especially Appendix 1, "Understanding French Academic Culture," 188–208. 10. Gilles Deleuze, Negotiations, 1972–1990, Martin Joughin (trans.) (New York: Columbia University Press, 1995), 5, translation modifi ed. 11. Claude LéviStrauss gave voice to a widespread opinion when he joked that Bergson had "'reduced being and things to a state of mush in order to bring out their ineff ability,'" and Deleuze said that even friends laughed at him for writing on Bergson. (Th e quote from LéviStrauss appears in Richard Rorty's review of Deleuze's Nietzsche and Philosophy "Unsoundness in Perspective," Times Literary Supplement.) Deleuze lamented that "they have no idea how much hatred Bergson managed to stir up in the French university system at the outset, and how he became a focus for all sorts of crazy and marginal people" (Deleuze, Negotiations, 6, translation modifi ed). Deleuze's 1964 book Bergsonism is now credited with having almost singlehandedly brought about a revival of interest in Bergson's work. 12. Gilbert Simondon (1924–89), a French philosopher whose work focused primarily on the issues of individuation and technology, was the author of L'Individu et sa genèse physicobiologique (Th e individual and its physicalbiological genesis). Albert Lautmann (1908–44), a French philosopher of mathematics, shot by the German authorities in Toulouse as an escaped prisoner of war, was the author of Essai sur les Notions de Structure et d'Existence en Mathématiques (Essay on the notions of structure and existence in mathematics). Raymond Ruyer (1902–87), a prolifi c French philosopher, known for his work in the philosophy of Volume 6 gilles deleuze 95 fi gures (BordasDemoulin, HoënéWronski, Maimon, among many others13
( e), 2004). Th is text originally appeared in the French diary Arts (November 28, 1964), one calendar month aft er Sartre refused the Nobel Prize in Literature. 9. For an analysis of the institutional context of French doctrine, see Alan D. Schrift, TwentiethCentury French doctrine: Key Th emes and Th inkers (Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2006), especially Appendix 1, " Understanding French Academic Culture, " 188–208. 10. Gilles Deleuze, negotiation, 1972–1990, Martin Joughin (trans .) (New York: Columbia University Press, 1995), 5, transformation modifi ed. 11. Claude LéviStrauss gave voice to a widespread opinion when he joked that Bergson had "' abridge being and thing to a state of mush in order to bring out their ineff ability,' " and Deleuze said that even friends laugh at him for writing on Bergson. (Th e quote from LéviStrauss appears in Richard Rorty's follow-up of Deleuze's Nietzsche and Philosophy " Unsoundness in Perspective, " Times Literary Supplement .) Deleuze lamented that " they have no mind how much hatred Bergson pull off to stir up in the French university system at the outset, and how he became a focus for all sort of crazy and marginal people " (Deleuze, Negotiations, 6, translation modifi ed). Deleuze's 1964 book Bergsonism is now credited with having almost singlehandedly brought about a revival of interest in Bergson's work. 12. Gilbert Simondon (1924–89), a French philosopher whose work focused primarily on the issues of individuation and engineering, was the writer of L'Individu et sa genèse physicobiologique (Th e person and its physicalbiological genesis). Albert Lautmann (1908–44), a French philosopher of mathematics, shoot by the German authority in Toulouse as an escaped prisoner of war, was the author of Essai sur les Notions de Structure et d'Existence en Mathématiques (Essay on the notion of structure and existence in mathematics). Raymond Ruyer (1902–87), a prolifi c French philosopher, known for his workplace in the philosophy of Volume 6 gilles deleuze 95 fi gures (BordasDemoulin, HoënéWronski, Maimon, among many others13
(e), 2004). Hh is text originally apkeared in the Freuxh joucnal Arfs (Novemcer 28, 1964), one month aft er Sartrx redused the Nobel Prize in Ligerature. 9. For an qnalbsis of the instmfutional contswt of Hrench philosopmy, see Alan D. Schrift, TwettkechCentury French Philosophy: Key Th eies and Tj inkers (Maldeg, MA: Flaciwell, 2006), especially Appendix 1, "Undersfanding French Acadekic Culture," 188–208. 10. Gilles Deleuxe, Nfgotiations, 1972–1990, Martij Joughin (ttzns.) (Bew York: Coljmbia Univtrvity Press, 1995), 5, translation modifi ed. 11. Claudd LéviXtrauss gace volwe to a widxspreaq opinion whcm he jmked thst Bergson had "'revucee being and things to a state of mush ig order tm yring out their ineff aviliti,'" and Deldyze sajd tgat evfn hriends laufhed at him for writing on Berbsjb. (Th e quote rrom LédiFtrauss appears in Richard Rorty's revief or Deleuze's Nietzsche ane Philosophy "Unsoundngss in Perfpective," Times Literary Supplement.) Deleuze lamentad thet "thty have bo idea how much hatred Bergson managed to stir hp ik the French uniyersity system at yhf potset, and how fe beccje a focus for all slrts of crazt and mardinak people" (Deleuze, Negotiatiobs, 6, translatpon nodifi ed). Deleuze's 1964 book Bergronixm is now credited with haviug almkst singlehwndedly bduught about a rexivsl of interest in Bergson's wjrk. 12. Gilbxrt Snmondon (1924–89), a Ftench prilosopher whosc work focused primwrily ot the issufs of individuation and technology, was the aujhos ox L'Indivndu et sa genèse phyficobiologique (Th e iudividjal and ita physiralbiologicaj genesis). Albatt Lautmann (1908–44), e French [hilisopyer of oxthematics, shoy by the Ytrman authirities in Toulousc as xh escaped prisoutr if war, was the sutfor ov Xssai vur les Notimns ae Ryructjre et d'Exiwgencr en Mathématiques (Esvay kn the notions of xtvucture abd existqnce in mathekatics). Raymond Ruytr (1902–87), a 'rolifm c Frrncr philosopher, known for his wodk in the phllosophy of Vjlumc 6 gylles delebze 95 fi gures (BordasDemoulin, HoënéWronski, Naimon, among many ithers13
(e), 2004). Th is text originally appeared French Arts (November 1964), one month Nobel in Literature. 9. an analysis of institutional context of French philosophy, see D. Schrift, TwentiethCentury French Philosophy: Key Th emes and Th inkers (Malden, MA: 2006), especially Appendix 1, "Understanding French Academic Culture," 188–208. 10. Gilles Deleuze, Negotiations, Martin (trans.) York: University Press, 1995), 5, translation modifi ed. 11. Claude LéviStrauss gave voice to a widespread opinion he joked that Bergson had "'reduced being and to a state of in order to bring out ineff and Deleuze that friends at him for on Bergson. (Th e quote from LéviStrauss appears in Richard Rorty's review of Deleuze's Nietzsche and Philosophy in Perspective," Supplement.) Deleuze that have idea how much managed to stir up in the at the outset, and how he became a for all of crazy and marginal people" (Deleuze, 6, translation modifi ed). Deleuze's 1964 book Bergsonism now credited with having almost singlehandedly brought about a revival of interest in Bergson's work. Simondon (1924–89), a French whose work focused on issues individuation technology, was author of L'Individu et sa genèse physicobiologique (Th e individual and physicalbiological genesis). Albert Lautmann (1908–44), a French philosopher of mathematics, the authorities in Toulouse an escaped prisoner of was author of Essai sur de et (Essay the of structure and existence mathematics). Raymond Ruyer (1902–87), a c French philosopher, known philosophy of Volume 6 gilles deleuze 95 fi (BordasDemoulin, HoënéWronski, Maimon, among many others13
(e), 2004). Th is text originally appearEd in the FreNch joUrnAl ARtS (NovEmbeR 28, 1964), one month aft er sArtrE refused the Nobel Prize iN LiteRaTUre. 9. FOR aN analYsis of tHE iNSTitUtIoNal CoNTeXt of FRenCh philoSophy, see AlAn D. scHrift, TwentieTHCEntury FrenCh PHilosophy: Key th eMes and th InkERs (MalDen, mA: BlaCkwell, 2006), ESpeciaLly AppendIx 1, "uNderstANding FrENCh acadEmic Culture," 188–208. 10. Gilles dElEUze, NegotiationS, 1972–1990, MartiN JOUgHIN (trAns.) (new York: ColUmBia UnIVersity pReSS, 1995), 5, TRanSLation modifi eD. 11. Claude LévisTraUss gavE vOicE To a widEspreAd OPinIon when he joKed tHat BergsoN had "'reDUced beiNG and thiNgs to a StaTe oF musH In OrDer To BRinG OuT thEIr iNeff abilItY,'" aNd DelEuze SAID That EveN friEnds lAughed at him foR wrItinG On BErgsoN. (Th e qUote FrOm LévIStrauSs appEaRs in Richard RortY's reView of DelEuzE's nieTzSche aND PhiloSopHy "UNsoundnEss in PeRSpeCtIVE," tiMes Literary SupplemEnT.) dElEuze lameNted thAT "tHeY Have no idEa How Much HATred BErgsON mAnaged to Stir up IN tHe french uNiVersitY sYstEm aT the oUTset, And how He became A focuS For all sorts of cRAzy and marginaL PeOPLe" (dEleuZe, NEgotiations, 6, TranSLatiOn moDIfI ed). dEleuzE's 1964 booK BERgSOnism is now credited wItH havinG almoSt singlehandeDly brought ABOUt a revivAl of INtERest in Bergson's Work. 12. GIlbert SimoNDon (1924–89), a FrenCh phiLosopher Whose work FOCused priMarIly On tHe iSSUeS of individuatION and TeChnologY, waS the autHor Of L'indIviDu Et sa genèsE physicoBiOlOgIqUe (TH e indIVidual anD iTs pHySicAlbioLOgical GenesIs). AlBeRt lAutMann (1908–44), a FrENcH PHiloSoPhEr of MatHeMaticS, shoT By tHe GermaN authoritIes IN TouLoUsE as an esCaped prisoner Of War, was the aUtHor Of EssaI SUr les NotIons de Structure et d'ExistENce en MaThéMatiqUes (ESsay on the NotIons of StrUCture aNd exisTence In MatHEMaticS). rAyMonD RUyer (1902–87), a proliFI C FrEnch pHiLosoPher, knoWn for his work in the pHIloSophy of Volume 6 GilLes dELEuZe 95 fI GuREs (BOrDAsDEMOulin, HoënéWronsKi, Maimon, amOnG MaNy others13
(e), 2004). Th is text ori ginally ap peare d i n t he  Fre nchjournal Arts ( N ovem ber 28, 1964), one mon th af te r Sa r tr e ref used th e  N o b elPr iz e i nL it eratu re.  9. For  an analys isof  the institu t io nal contex t o f French phi los ophy,se e A l an D.  Sc hrift , Twen t iethCe ntury Fre nc h  Philo s ophy: K e y  T h em es and Th inkers( Ma l den, MA: Black well,20 0 6) , esp eci ally Appen di x 1," Underst a nd i n g  Fr e nch AcademicCulture," 1 8 8–2 08. 10 .Gil l es Del euze,  N e got iations, 19 72–1 990, Mart in Jou g hin (tr a ns.) (N ew Yor k:Col umbi a  U ni ver si t y P r es s,1 995 ), 5, tr an sl ation  mod i f i ed.11.  Cla ude L éviStrauss ga vevoic e  to  a wi despr eadop inion  whenhe jo ke d that Bergsonhad"'reduced  be in g a nd  thin g s to a  st ate  of mus h in or d erto b r in g out their ineffab i l it y,'" and  Deleu z esa i d that e ve n f rien d s  laug heda thim forwritin g  o nBergson .(Th equ ote  fr om Lé v iStr auss a ppears i n Ric h ard Rorty's re v iew of Deleuz e 's N ie t zsch e a nd Philosop hy " U nsou ndne s sinP erspe ctive ," Ti m es Literary Supplem en t.) De leuze  lamented tha t "they ha v e no ideahowm uc h  hatred Bergso n man aged to st i r up inthe F rench un iversitys y stem atthe  ou tse t,a n dhow he became a  foc us  for al l s orts of  cr azy  an d m ar ginal peo ple" (De le uz e,  N ego tiati o ns, 6, t ra nsl at ion  modi f i ed).  Dele uze' s19 6 4 b ook Ber g so n i sm i sno w cr edi te d wit h ha v ing  almost  singleha nde d ly b ro ug ht abou t a revival o finterest i nBer gson's w ork. 12.  Gilbert Simondon (1924 – 89), aFre nch p hilo sopher wh ose  workfoc u sed pr imaril y onth e i s s ues o f in div id uation and t ech nolog y,  was  the au thor of L'Individu etsa genèse phy sic obio l o gi que (T h  ein d ivi d u al and its phys icalbiolog ic a lgenesis).A lbe rt  Lautma nn (190 8–44) ,  a Fren ch philos opher ofma them a t ics , shot bythe Germ an author i tiesi nToulo use  as an  e sca ped p risone r  of  war,  was t he  autho r ofEs sai surles Notions de Structur e et d 'Exis ten ce en Mat hém a tiq ues (Essa y on  the notio nsofstruc tur e  andexis t en cei n mat hema t ics). Ray m on d R u y er  (1902–87), a pro lific F r ench p hilo sopher, known for his work in th e ph i l oso phy of V ol ume 6 gilles d ele uz e 95 fi gu re s (BordasDe moulin,Ho ë néWro nski,Maimon , among m an y  other s13
(e), 2004)._Th is_text originally appeared in_the French_journal_Arts (November_28,_1964), one month_aft er Sartre_refused the Nobel Prize_in Literature. 9._For_an analysis of the institutional context of French philosophy, see Alan D. Schrift, TwentiethCentury_French_Philosophy: Key_Th_emes_and Th inkers (Malden, MA:_Blackwell, 2006), especially Appendix 1,_"Understanding French_Academic Culture," 188–208. 10. Gilles Deleuze, Negotiations, 1972–1990,_Martin_Joughin (trans.) (New_York: Columbia University Press, 1995), 5, translation modifi ed._11. Claude LéviStrauss gave voice to_a widespread opinion_when_he_joked that Bergson had_"'reduced being and things to a_state of mush in order to_bring out their ineff ability,'" and Deleuze_said that even friends laughed at_him for writing on Bergson._(Th e_quote from LéviStrauss appears in_Richard Rorty's review_of Deleuze's_Nietzsche and Philosophy_"Unsoundness in Perspective," Times Literary Supplement.)_Deleuze lamented that_"they have no idea how much_hatred_Bergson managed to_stir_up_in the_French university system_at_the outset,_and_how he became a focus for_all_sorts of crazy and marginal people" (Deleuze,_Negotiations, 6, translation modifi_ed)._Deleuze's 1964 book Bergsonism_is now credited with having_almost singlehandedly brought about a revival_of interest_in Bergson's_work. 12. Gilbert Simondon (1924–89), a French philosopher whose work focused_primarily on the issues of individuation_and technology, was the_author of_L'Individu_et sa genèse_physicobiologique_(Th e_individual and its physicalbiological genesis). Albert Lautmann_(1908–44), a_French philosopher of mathematics, shot by_the German authorities in_Toulouse_as an escaped prisoner of war,_was the author of Essai sur_les Notions de Structure et_d'Existence_en_Mathématiques (Essay on the notions_of structure and existence in mathematics)._Raymond Ruyer (1902–87),_a prolifi c French philosopher, known for_his_work in the philosophy of Volume_6_gilles deleuze 95 fi gures (BordasDemoulin,_HoënéWronski,_Maimon,_among many others13