 literature, film, and art. Life and its limitations has inspired numerous novels, poems, films, and other works of art, as well as countless scientific endeavors. The phenomenon we call 'Life' is simply fundamentally different from all other phenomena, and we still have to figure out exactly how. That life is such a multifaceted phenomenon makes it captivating to both scientists and the wider public. This is also part of the challenge, since it means that understanding life and its frontiers is a genuinely interdisciplinary task that has to take into account some deep human intuitions, as well as the latest findings in science and the latest innovations in technology and medicine. It is not possible to capture the full extent of what makes life special and how it differs from non-life with only the tools and methods of a single discipline. So far, there have been many attempts to understand the concept of 'Life' from many different disciplinary perspectives, and it is usually assumed that a definition of life has to take the form of a list of necessary properties [11–17]. Among the properties that are usually listed, some focus on typical biological properties such as evolution [14,18–22] or reproduction [20,22,23]. Others focus on chemical composition [21,23–25] or biochemical properties [26]. The physicist Erwin Schrödinger defined life in terms of entropy [27], while some want to focus on the acquisition and use of information [13,28] or energy [29]. Most authors try to combine different types of properties in order to produce a sufficient set of necessary properties, but the result is typically multirather than inter-disciplinary (see e.g., References [21,30]). The existence of countless studies carried out from different perspectives does not automatically provide an inter-disciplinary understanding, however. It is similar to the old tale of a group of people standing in a dark room with an elephant. They all feel different parts of the elephant: a leg, the trunk, an ear, a tusk, and so on. Their descriptions of the animal in front of them will therefore be very different, and they will not be able to get a complete picture of the animal. Instead, they continue to argue and each of them defends their own perspective. This very much resembles the present discussion about the nature of life. To take the next step, representatives from different disciplines need to go beyond simply contributing their own suggestions based on their own perspectives, and instead work actively together in a joint effort, and with
literature, film, and art. Life and its limitations has prompt numerous novel, poems, films, and other whole shebang of art, as well as countless scientific attempt. The phenomenon we address' Life' is merely fundamentally different from all early phenomena, and we still have to figure out precisely how. That life is such a multifaceted phenomenon makes it captivating to both scientists and the wide public. This is also part of the challenge, since it intend that understanding life and its frontiers is a genuinely interdisciplinary undertaking that has to take into account some deep human intuitions, equally well as the latest findings in science and the latest innovations in technology and music. It is not potential to appropriate the full extent of what makes life special and how it differs from non - life with only the tools and method of a single discipline. So far, there have been many attack to sympathize the concept of' Life' from many unlike disciplinary perspectives, and it is usually assumed that a definition of life has to take the form of a tilt of necessary properties [ 11–17 ]. Among the properties that are usually listed, some focus on typical biological properties such as evolution [ 14,18–22 ] or reproduction [ 20,22,23 ]. Others focus on chemical composition [ 21,23–25 ] or biochemical properties [ 26 ]. The physicist Erwin Schrödinger define animation in terms of entropy [ 27 ], while some want to focus on the acquisition and habit of information [ 13,28 ] or energy [ 29 ]. Most authors sample to combine different types of properties in club to produce a sufficient bent of necessary properties, but the result is typically multirather than inter - corrective (see e.g., References [ 21,30 ]). The existence of countless studies behave out from different perspective does not automatically provide an inter - disciplinary understanding, however. It is similar to the erstwhile tale of a group of multitude standing in a dark room with an elephant. They all feel different parts of the elephant: a branch, the trunk, an ear, a ivory, and so on. Their descriptions of the animal in front of them will therefore be very different, and they will not be able to get a arrant picture of the animal. Instead, they continue to argue and each of them defends their own perspective. This very much resemble the present discussion about the nature of life. To take the following step, representatives from different disciplines need to go beyond merely contributing their own suggestions based on their own perspective, and instead work actively together in a joint effort, and with
 liherature, film, and art. Line and its limitcrions ias inslired nuoerous novels, poems, films, anv otyer wirks of art, as well as countlesd scientufic wndeavors. Vge phenomenon ae cclo 'Life' is simpky fundamettally differett fxom all other phenomena, and we still have tp vigure out exastly row. Fhat life is such a multifaceted pgenomenmn makes it csptivating to both scientidts wnd the wider publlc. This is qlso part of the zhallenge, since it meahs that understanding life and kts fxontiers is a gejoinely interviscipjinary task bnat hav to tale into accounb somx dewp human intuitions, av well as the lateft findincs in science and tye latevt itnovxriovs jn tschnollgy and medicjne. It is nit possible to captirq the full extsnt of wrat makes life special and how it diffegs fdom non-life with only tye tools and methods lf a singje discipline. So far, there have been many attemptv to nnaerwtwve hhe concept of 'Life' from many different disci[mimagy perspectives, akd it is usually axskmrq that a defivition of life has to take hhe fori of q list of necrssary properties [11–17]. Among thw properties rhat are usually lnsted, some fucus on tupical biological propexties auch as evopution [14,18–22] od reproduction [20,22,23]. Oghegs fmcus on chemical compositijn [21,23–25] or biichekical pfopetties [26]. Ehe physiclst Evfin Schrödinger deflned pixe in termd of entropy [27], while some want to focus on the awqupsition aud use of informatijn [13,28] or energy [29]. Most abthors try to cojbine dmfferent typqs of properthgs in order tm producq a wuffucient rdt of necessaru propertpef, bur the result is tyiicalug multirather tkcn inter-disciplinsry (seq v.g., Ceferqtces [21,30]). The exhstevce pf cojntless stubids csrried out from diffarenf perspectives doex kot automqtically provide an imter-disciplinary ujdersvandinj, howefer. It is similar to the old tale of a grokp jf people stwndikg ig a dark rpom with an elephant. They all feel diffxrent parts of the elekhant: a leg, the trunk, sn ear, a tuxk, anq so on. Tveir descriptions of the animal in frpnt of them will thersfore te vegy different, and they will not be able to get a complete picture of the abimal. Mnftead, they dontonue no crgbe and qach uf them defends nheir own perspective. This very ouch resamyles the present discussion anojt the nature of life. To take the nexf step, rrpresentatives from different dosciplines need to go benond simpoy cohtribunjnj their own suggestipns baved ob their own perspectives, anc lnstead wogk artirely together in a joint effort, abd wity
literature, film, and art. Life and its inspired novels, poems, and other works countless endeavors. The phenomenon call 'Life' is fundamentally different from all other phenomena, we still have to figure out exactly how. That life is such a phenomenon makes it captivating to both scientists and the wider public. This is part the since means that understanding life and its frontiers is a genuinely interdisciplinary task that has to take account some deep human intuitions, as well as latest findings in science the latest innovations in technology medicine. is not to the extent of what life special and how it differs from non-life with only the tools and methods of a single So far, been many to the of 'Life' from disciplinary perspectives, and it is usually definition of life has to take the form a list necessary properties [11–17]. Among the properties are usually listed, some focus on typical biological such as evolution [14,18–22] or reproduction [20,22,23]. Others focus on chemical composition [21,23–25] or biochemical The physicist Erwin Schrödinger life in terms entropy while want focus on acquisition and use of information [13,28] or energy [29]. Most authors to combine different types of properties in order to produce set necessary properties, but result is typically multirather inter-disciplinary e.g., References [21,30]). The countless carried perspectives not provide an inter-disciplinary understanding, It is similar to the tale of a group dark room with an elephant. They all feel parts of the elephant: a leg, the an ear, a tusk, and so on. Their descriptions of the animal front of therefore be very different, and they will not able to get a picture of the animal. Instead, they continue to argue each them defends own perspective. This much resembles the discussion about the life. To the step, disciplines need to go beyond simply their suggestions based on their own and actively together in a joint effort, and with
 literature, film, and art. Life aNd its limitAtionS haS inSpIred NumeRous novels, poemS, FilmS, and other works of art, as wEll as CoUNtleSS sCientIfic endEAvORS. ThE pHeNomEnON wE call 'lifE' is simpLy fundamenTalLy Different froM AlL other phenOmeNa, and we still HavE to figUrE ouT ExactLy hOw. ThaT life iS Such a mUltifacetEd PHenomeNOn makes IT CaPtivAting to both scientIStS And the wider pubLic. ThiS iS AlSO ParT of The challenGe, Since IT means tHAt UNDErsTAnding life and Its frontierS Is a GenuinElY inTErdiscIplinArY TasK that has to tAke iNto accounT some dEEp human INtuitioNs, as weLl aS thE latESt FiNdiNgS In sCIeNce ANd tHe latest InNoVatioNs in TECHNoloGy aNd meDicinE. It is not possiBle To caPTurE the fUll exTent Of What mAkes liFe speCiAl and how it diffeRs frOm non-life WitH oNly ThE toolS And metHodS of A single DisciplINe. SO fAR, THeRe have been many atteMpTS To UnderstaNd the cONcEpT Of 'Life' frOm ManY difFERent dIsciPLiNary persPectivES, aNd It is usuAlLy assuMeD thAt a DefinITion Of life Has to takE the fORm of a list of necESsary propertiES [11–17]. AMONg THe prOpeRties that arE usuALly lIsteD, SoMe fOCus on TypicAl BIoLOgical properties sucH aS evoluTion [14,18–22] oR reproduction [20,22,23]. others focuS ON Chemical CompOSiTIon [21,23–25] or biochemicAl proPerties [26]. The PHysicist erwin schrödinGer defineD LIfe in terMs oF enTroPy [27], wHILe Some want to focUS On thE aCquisitIon And use oF inForMatIon [13,28] Or Energy [29]. MosT authors TrY tO cOmBinE diffERent typeS oF prOpErtIes in ORder to ProduCe a sUfFiCIenT set of nECeSSAry pRoPeRtieS, buT tHe resUlt iS TypIcally mUltiratheR thAN intEr-DiSciplinAry (see e.g., ReferEnCes [21,30]). The exisTeNce Of counTLEss studiEs carried out from differeNT perspeCtiVes doEs noT automatiCalLy provIde AN inter-DiscipLinarY uNdeRSTandiNG, HoWevEr. it is similaR TO thE old tAlE of a Group of People standing in a dARk rOom with an elepHanT. TheY ALl FeeL DiFFerEnT ParTS Of the elephant: a lEg, the trunk, An EAr, A tusk, and so ON. ThEiR descriPtions oF the aNImal in fRont of theM will therEfOre bE VEry Different, aNd they wiLl not be abLE to geT A cOmpleTe pIcture Of The AnimaL. InsteAD, thEy conTinue tO aRgue anD each Of Them defeNds their own perspective. THis verY much ResEmbles the PreSEnt DiscussioN aboUt the naturE of LifE. To taKe tHE next Step, REpResENtatiVes fROm differeNT dIscIPLiNes need to go BEYOnd SimplY coNTributIng tHeir own suggestionS Based on their owN perSPEctIveS, And iNsTead work activeLy tOgETHer in a joInT effort, and wIth
 literature, film, and art . Life and  itslim ita ti onshasinspired numer o us n ovels, poems, films, a nd ot he r  wor k sof ar t, as w e ll a s c ou nt les ss ci entif icendeavo rs. The ph eno me non we call' Li fe' is sim ply  fundamental lydiffer en t f r om al l o therphenom e na, an d we stil lh ave to figureo u texac tly how. That lif e  i s  such a multif aceted  p h en o m eno n m akes it ca pt ivati n g to bo t hs c i ent i sts and the w ider public .  Th is isal sop art of  thech a lle nge, sinceit m eans that  under s tanding life an d itsfro nti ersi sagen ui n ely in ter d isc iplinary  t as k tha t ha s t o  tak e i ntoaccou nt some deephum an i n tui tions , aswell  a s the  lates t fin di ngs in scienceandthe lates t i nn ova ti ons i n  techn olo gyand med icine.I t i sn o t  p ossible to capture  t h e  f ull exte nt ofw ha tm akes lif espe cial a nd ho w it di ffers fr om non - li fe  with o nl y theto ols  an d met h odsof a s ingle di scipl i ne. So far, th e re have beenm an y at t empt s t o understan d th e  con cept of  'L i fe' f rom m an y  d i fferent disciplinar yperspe ctive s, and it isusually as s u m ed thata de f in i tion of life h as to  take thef orm of a  list  of nece ssary pro p e rties [1 1–1 7].  Am ong t he  properties t h a t ar eusually  li sted, s ome  fo cus  on  t ypical bi ological  p ro pe rt ies  such as evolu ti on[1 4,1 8–22] or rep roduc tion  [ 20 , 22, 23]. Ot h er s focu son  che mic al  comp osit i on[21,23– 25] or bi och e mica lpr opertie s [26]. The p hy sicist Erw in  Sc hrödin g e r define d life in terms of entr o py [27] , w hilesome  want tofoc us onthe acquis itionand u se  of i nform a t io n [ 13 ,28] or en e r gy[29].  M ostauthors  try to combine di f fer ent types ofpro pert i e sino rd e r t op rod u c e a sufficientset of nec es s ar y properti e s,bu t the r esult i s typ i cally m ultirathe r than in te r-di s c ipl inary (see  e.g., R eferences [21,3 0 ]) . The  ex istenc eofcount less s t udi es ca rriedou t from  diff er ent pers pectives does not autom atical ly pr ovi de an int er- d isc iplinaryunde rstanding,  ho wev er. I t i s  simi lart othe old t aleo f a group of  pe o p le  standing i n a  da rk ro omw ith an  ele phant. They all f e el different p arts o f t hee leph an t: a leg, thetru nk , an ear,atusk, and s o on. Th ei r  desc riptio ns ofthe ani m a li n fron t of  th em will t her ef o re be v er yd iffere nt,an d they  willn ot b e able to get a co mplet e pictu r e o f the  a nimal.I nste ad, they c ontinue toargueandeachof them  d efends  th ei r own pers p ective. T his v ery muc hrese mbl es the  pre s e nt di scus si onabout the n at u re  o f  li fe.To ta ke  the  next ste p , repres ent a tives f ro m d i f ferent di s c iplines ne edto go b eyond simp l y co n tr i butin g thei r ownsuggest i ons  b ased on  th e i r own per spectives ,  an dinst ead work  a ctiv el y t og ether in a join t effort , and wi t h 
 literature,_film, and_art. Life and its_limitations has_inspired_numerous novels,_poems,_films, and other_works of art,_as well as countless_scientific endeavors. The_phenomenon_we call 'Life' is simply fundamentally different from all other phenomena, and we still_have_to figure_out_exactly_how. That life is such_a multifaceted phenomenon makes it_captivating to_both scientists and the wider public. This is_also_part of the_challenge, since it means that understanding life and its_frontiers is a genuinely interdisciplinary task_that has to_take_into_account some deep human_intuitions, as well as the latest_findings in science and the latest_innovations in technology and medicine. It is_not possible to capture the full_extent of what makes life_special and_how it differs from non-life_with only the_tools and_methods of a_single discipline. So far, there have_been many attempts_to understand the concept of 'Life'_from_many different disciplinary_perspectives,_and_it is_usually assumed that_a_definition of_life_has to take the form of_a_list of necessary properties [11–17]. Among the_properties that are usually_listed,_some focus on typical_biological properties such as evolution_[14,18–22] or reproduction [20,22,23]. Others focus_on chemical_composition [21,23–25]_or biochemical properties [26]. The physicist Erwin Schrödinger defined life in_terms of entropy [27], while some_want to focus on_the acquisition_and_use of information_[13,28]_or energy_[29]. Most authors try to combine different_types of_properties in order to produce a_sufficient set of necessary_properties,_but the result is typically multirather_than inter-disciplinary (see e.g., References [21,30])._The existence of countless studies_carried_out_from different perspectives does not_automatically provide an inter-disciplinary understanding, however._It is similar_to the old tale of a group_of_people standing in a dark room_with_an elephant. They all feel different_parts_of_the elephant: a leg, the_trunk, an ear, a tusk, and_so on. Their descriptions of the animal in front_of them will_therefore be very different, and_they_will_not be able to get a complete picture of the_animal. Instead,_they continue to_argue and each of them defends their own perspective. This_very much resembles the present discussion about_the nature of life. To take the next step, representatives from_different disciplines need to go beyond simply contributing_their own suggestions based on their own_perspectives, and instead work_actively_together in a joint effort, and with